衔接点09 形容词和副词（讲义，全国通用）英语小升初衔接

衔接点09 形容词和副词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1. 形容词的功能及基本用法 2. 副词的功能及基本用法 3. 形容词、副词的比较等级 1. 形容词的位置、用法及词义辨析 2. 副词的基本用法及分类 3. 形容词和副词的比较等级 衔接引导 小学阶段： 小学阶段主要侧重认识形容词、副词，分清基础词义，依靠简单句式标志区分使用位置，只掌握原级，题型基础单一。 常见题型为： ① 用所给单词的正确形式填空 ② 选词填空（区分形容词、副词） ③ 单项选择题 ④ 根据中文提示写单词 初中阶段： 初中阶段要求分清形容词、副词句法功能，熟练掌握三级比较变化，结合语境辨析词义，题型综合性强，出题灵活多变。 主要的题型为： ① 用所给单词的适当形式填空（变副词、比较级最高级） ② 单项选择（词义辨析、比较级用法） ③ 句型转换（原级、比较级互换） ④ 句子改错 ⑤ 完形填空、短文填空 ⑥ 书面表达（恰当运用比较级、副词修饰动词） 小学名词考点梳理 考点一：核心概念（1分钟扫盲） 词性 修饰对象 核心作用 例句 形容词 名词 / 代词 说明“什么样” a beautiful girl / She is happy. 副词 动词 / 形容词 / 其他副词 / 整句 说明“怎样、何时、何地、程度” run fast / very good / Luckily, we won. 考点二：形容词全面梳理 1. 句法作用（3种） 作用 说明 例句 作定语 放在名词前，修饰名词 I have a red pen. 作表语 放在系动词后，说明主语 The pen is red. 作宾补（低频） 放在宾语后，补充宾语 The news made me sad. 2. 在句中的位置（3条铁律） 常规位置：放在名词前面。例：a tall tree. 系动词后：放在be/look/sound/feel/taste/smell/become/get/turn/seem后面。 例：The tree looks tall. ⭐特殊位置（必考）：修饰不定代词（something/anything/nothing/everything）时，形容词必须后置。 例：I have something important to tell you.（绝对不能说important something） 3. 具体用法（3大得分点） ⭐-ing 与 -ed 区别：修饰事物用-ing（令人…的），修饰人/表情用-ed（感到…的）。 例：The boring movie makes me bored. ⭐系动词后绝对不用副词：feel/look/sound等后面只能跟形容词。 例：She feels happy.（√） / feels happily.（×） 只能作表语的形容词（不能放名词前）：ill, glad, asleep, awake, alone, afraid, alive。 例：The baby is asleep.（√） / an asleep baby（×） 考点三：副词全面梳理 1. 句法作用（4种） 作用 说明 例句 修饰动词 说明动作方式/时间/频率 She sings well. 修饰形容词 表程度 It's quite cold. 修饰其他副词 表程度 He runs too fast. 修饰整个句子 放句首，逗号隔开，表态度 Suddenly, it rained. 2. 在句中的位置（按类型对号入座——必背表格！） 副词类型 位置规则 例词 正确例句 方式副词（怎样做） 动词后 或 宾语后 quickly, carefully She reads carefully. ⭐频度副词（多久一次） 行为动词前；be/助/情态动词后 always, often, never, sometimes He often walks. / He is always happy. 时间/地点副词 通常放句尾（强调时可句首） yesterday, here, there I met him yesterday. 程度副词（修饰形/副） 紧放在被修饰词前面 very, quite, too, so It is too hot. 3. 形容词变副词的4条规则（填空必考） 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 直接加 -ly quick→quickly, slow→slowly 辅音 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i，加 -ly happy→happily, easy→easily 以 -le 结尾 去 e 加 -y terrible→terribly, gentle→gently 以 -ic 结尾 加 -ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically ⭐特殊同形 形容词副词同形 hard（努力）, fast（快）, late（迟）, early（早） 4. ⭐5组同根异义词（选择题/完形填空头号杀手） 原词 副词1（意思） 副词2（意思） 例句对比 hard hard（努力地） hardly（几乎不） He works hard. / He hardly sleeps. late late（迟地） lately（最近） He came late. / I saw him lately. near near（近地） nearly（几乎） Don't go near. / It's nearly 5 o'clock. wide wide（宽地） widely（广泛地） Open your mouth wide. / It's widely known. deep deep（深地，具体） deeply（深深地，抽象） Dig deep. / I'm deeply moved. 模块四：比较等级（满分核心区） 1. 三大结构公式及位置 等级 结构公式 句中位置要求 原级 as + 原级 + as（一样…） not as/so + 原级 + as（不如…） 中间只能用原级，绝不能用比较级 比较级 比较级 + than than前面必须是比较级形式 最高级 the + 最高级 + 范围(in/of/among) the绝不能省；in+大地点，of+同一类个体 2. 规则变化（按音节数操作） 情况 比较级 最高级 例词 单音节/部分双音节 +er +est tall→taller→tallest 以e结尾 +r +st nice→nicer→nicest 辅音+y结尾 变y为i +er 变y为i +est happy→happier→happiest ⭐重读闭音节末尾一辅音 双写尾字母+er 双写尾字母+est big→bigger→biggest; hot→hotter→hottest; thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节（≥3个音节） more + 原级 most + 原级 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful 3. ⭐不规则变化（必须倒背如流，作文常写） 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better best bad / badly / ill worse worst many / much more most little less least far farther（距离远）/ further（程度深） farthest / furthest old older（年龄）/ elder（长幼，只作定语） oldest / eldest 4. ⭐比较级的修饰词（填空单选必杀） 能修饰比较级的词（表程度加深）：much, a little, a bit, even, far, still 例：She is much taller than me. 不能修饰比较级的词（只能修饰原级）：very, quite, too, so, rather 例：She is very tall.（√） / She is very taller.（×） 5. 两大特殊句式（阅读理解及完形高频） 越……越……：The + 比较级，the + 比较级 例：The more, the better. / The harder you study, the better grades you get. 越来越……：比较级 + and + 比较级（单音节）；more and more + 原级（多音节） 例：It's getting hotter and hotter. / She becomes more and more beautiful. 模块五：形容词 vs 副词 终极对比雷达图（考前必看） 对比维度 形容词 副词 修饰谁 名词 / 代词 动词 / 形容词 / 其他副词 / 句子 系动词后面 必用形容词（She looks beautiful） 绝对不用（She looks beautifully ×） 修饰不定代词 放后面（something interesting） 不涉及此用法 变比较级规则 与副词规则完全相同 与形容词规则完全相同 最高级前面 必须加 the 必须加 the（the fastest） 典例示范 1．The movie is so ________ that many young people have ________ in it. A．interesting; interest B．interesting; interested C．interested; interested 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这部电影如此有趣，以至于许多年轻人对它有兴趣。interesting令人感兴趣的；interest兴趣；interested感兴趣的。第一空修饰物“movie”，表示“令人感兴趣的”，应用interesting；第二空位于动词“have”之后，需填名词作宾语，have interest in sth.意为“对某事/物有兴趣”。故选A。 2．To stay healthy, we should keep ________ and exercise regularly. A．happily B．happy C．health D．healthily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，我们应该保持快乐的心情并定期锻炼。 happily快乐地（副词）；happy快乐的（形容词）；health健康（名词）；healthily健康地（副词）。结合语句“To stay healthy, we should keep…and exercise regularly.”可知，keep后常接形容词作表语，表示“保持某种状态”，因此应选择形容词happy，构成“keep happy”，表示“保持快乐”。 3．Tom is a really ________ boy and everybody likes to make friends________ him in our class. A．friendly; to B．friendly; with C．friend; to D．friends; with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆是一个非常友好的男孩，在我们班每个人都喜欢和他交朋友。friendly友好的 (形容词)；friend朋友 (名词)；friends朋友们 (名词复数)。第一空，修饰名词“boy”应该用形容词“friendly”；第二空，固定搭配“make friends with sb.”意为“和某人交朋友”，符合句意，应填“with”。 4．Lily danced so well. But I think Kate danced ________ than Lily. A．well B．best C．better 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Lily舞跳得真好。但我认为Kate跳得比Lily更好。well好地；best最好地；better更好地。根据句中关键词“than”可知，此处表示两者之间的比较，应用比较级。修饰动词danced需用副词，well的比较级是better。 5．—People use mobile phones ________. —Yes. They are very important in our ________ life. A．everyday; everyday B．everyday; every day C．every day; everyday D．every day; every day 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——人们每天都在使用手机。——是的。它们在我们的日常生活中非常重要。考查形容词与副词短语。every day每天；everyday日常的。第一个空指的是时间，every day是时间状语，符合题意；everyday是形容词，作前置定语。故选C。 6．—Why do you look so tired today? —Because I stayed up late last night. I ________ finished my homework and then I worked ________ on the science project. A．hard; hardly B．hardly; hard C．hard; hard D．hardly; hardly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你今天为什么看起来这么累？——因为我昨晚熬夜了。我几乎没完成作业，然后又为科学项目努力工作。hardly几乎不，表示否定；hard努力地。第一空表示“我几乎没完成作业”，应用hardly；第二空表示“然后我努力地做科学项目”，应用hard，副词修饰动词worked，work hard是固定搭配，表示“努力工作/学习”。 7．This dictionary is ________ useful for English learners than that one, but that one is ________ widely used in schools than this one. A．more; more B．the most; more C．much; most D．most; more 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本字典比那本字典对英语学习者更有用，但那本比这本在学校里使用得更广泛。 根据两处空格后的标志词“than”可知，句子的前后两部分均是在“两者之间”进行对比，需使用比较级。第一空表示“比……更有用”，填more；第二空表示“比……更广泛地被使用”，填more。应选more; more。 8．—Which season do you like ________ in Daqing, spring or autumn? —I like autumn better. The weather is cool and comfortable. A．well B．better C．best D．the best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你更喜欢大庆的哪个季节，春天还是秋天？——我更喜欢秋天。天气凉爽舒适。 考查副词比较级的用法。well好；better更好；best最好；the best最好。根据“—Which season do you like...in Daqing, spring or autumn? —I like autumn better. The weather is cool and comfortable.”可知，此处春天和秋天进行比较，需用比较级better表示更喜欢。故选B。 即学即练习 1．Mr. Brown is a ________ teacher. He teaches us ________. A．good, good B．well, good C．good, well 【答案】C 【详解】句意：布朗先生是一位好老师。他教我们教得很好。good好的，是形容词；well好地，是副词。第一空修饰名词teacher，应用good；第二空修饰动词teaches，应用well。 2．The beef noodles smell ________. They must be________. A．well, delicious B．good, tasty C．well, taste 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这牛肉面闻起来很香，一定很美味。well好地，是副词（well作形容词指身体好）；good好的，形容词；delicious美味的；tasty美味的；taste品尝，动词。smell是感官动词，后接形容词作表语，应填good，形容气味好闻；must be后接形容词作表语。tasty是形容词，符合要求。 3．Mr Black always tries his best to make his student ________ in his class. A．interesting B．interest C．interested D．interests 【答案】C 【详解】句意：布莱克先生总是尽最大努力使他的学生在他的课上感兴趣。interesting有趣的；interest兴趣；interested感兴趣的；interests兴趣/使感兴趣。make sb.+adj.表示“使某人……”，修饰人感到某种情绪用-ed形式，修饰物具有某种特性用-ing形式。根据“make his student...”可知此处修饰学生感到感兴趣。应选interested。 4．—You are so ________ now. You were a very quiet girl ten years ago. —Haha, we are all different now. You look ________ and thinner than before. A．active; shorter B．quiet; taller C．active; taller 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你现在如此活跃。十年前你是一个十分文静的女孩。——哈哈，我们现在都变了。你看上去比以前更高更瘦了。active活跃的；quiet安静的；taller更高的；shorter更矮的。由第一句后半部分可知过去安静，现在应与之形成对比，故第一空填active；由“than before”可知第二空需用比较级，且十年间人通常会长高，故第二空填taller。 5．This is ________ festival I have ever experienced. A．more excited B．the most exciting C．exciting D．the more excited 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是我曾经经历过的最令人兴奋的节日。exciting用于修饰事物；excited用于修饰人。此处修饰事物名词festival，应用exciting；根据“I have ever experienced”可知，是在曾经经历过的所有节日中进行比较，应用最高级most exciting，最高级前通常加the。 6．—Do you always run in the evening? —No, I ________ do, because it’s hard to see the way when it’s dark. A．always B．usually C．sometimes D．never 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你总是在晚上跑步吗？——不，我从不晚上跑步，因为天黑时很难看清路。always总是；usually通常；sometimes有时；never从不。根据前句“No”及后句“it’s hard to see the way when it’s dark”可知，天黑难认路，所以“从不”晚上跑步，应填never。 7．He runs much ________ than anyone else. A．quickly B．quick C．quickest D．more quickly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他跑的比其他人都快。考查副词比较级。quickly快地，副词；quick快速的，形容词；quickest最快的；more quickly更快地。根据than可知，此空为比较级，此空为副词修饰动词。故选D。 8．Out of all the students, Sarah’s science project impressed the teacher ________. A．well B．more C．good D．the most 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在所有学生中，萨拉的科学项目给老师留下了最深刻的印象。考查最高级。根据“Out of all the students”可知，此处指三者及以上的人进行比较，用最高级形式。故选D。 易混易错 小升初最容易掉进去的5个坑 ⭐⭐⭐ 感官系动词（look/sound/feel等）后面跟形容词，不是副词！ The music sounds good.（√） / sounds well（×，well作形容词只表“身体健康”） “very”和“much”分工不同：very修饰原级（very tall），much修饰比较级（much taller）。千万别混！ 比较对象要对等（用that/those代替前面提到的名词）： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.（√ 天气比天气） ……than Shanghai（× 天气比城市，不对等） 最高级范围中的“of”和“in”： of + 同类个体（of all the students, of the three） in + 地点/团体（in our class, in China） “as…as”中间只能放原级，永远不要写成 as taller as 或 as more beautiful as。 解题方略 步骤 1：看空格修饰谁（核心判断依据） 修饰名词 → 用形容词 修饰动词 / 形容词 → 用副词 步骤 2：看前后动词类型 有 be 动词 / 感官动词（look/taste/feel 等）后面直接加形容词 口诀：系动词后用形，实义动词后用地 实义动词（run, sing, read, write 等）前后用副词修饰动作 步骤 3：判断变形规则 拿到形容词词根，按 ly 变化规则改写 步骤 4：验证翻译通顺 …… 的（形）/…… 地（副） 【基础通关】 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．We do sports every day to keep ________ (health). 【答案】healthy 【详解】句意：我们每天做运动来保持健康。句中“keep”为系动词，意为“保持”，后接形容词作表语，构成“keep+adj.”结构，表示“保持某种状态”。括号内给出的单词“health”是名词，意为“健康”，其对应的形容词形式为“healthy”，意为“健康的”。故填healthy。 2．Don’t be ________ (late). 【答案】late 【详解】句意：不要迟到。be动词后可直接接形容词作表语，late本身是形容词，意为“迟到的”，因此此处无需变形，故填late。 3．Ne Zha is ________ (play) and he always makes mistakes. But he has a good heart (心). 【答案】playful 【详解】句意：哪吒很顽皮，他总是犯错。但他心地善良。play意为“玩、玩耍”。需要形容词作表语，描述哪吒的性格特征，故填playful。 4．Let’s go to the zoo to see the ________ (love) Panda Fu Bao! 【答案】lovely 【详解】句意：让我们去动物园看可爱的熊猫福宝！所给词love为动词或名词，此处需要形容词修饰名词Panda，意为“可爱的”，故填lovely。 5．I don’t like sharks because they are really ________ (danger). 【答案】dangerous 【详解】句意：我不喜欢鲨鱼，因为它们真的很危险。空格前为系动词are，后为副词really，需填形容词作表语。所给词danger“危险”为名词，其形容词形式为dangerous。 6．His father always talks ________ (angry) when he is unhappy. 【答案】angrily 【详解】句意：他的父亲不开心时总是生气地说话。angry意为“生气的”，是形容词。此处修饰动词talks，应用副词形式angrily。 7．Kelly runs ________ (quick) to her mother at the airport to give her a hug. 【答案】quickly 【详解】句意：凯莉在机场快速地跑向她的母亲，给她一个拥抱。句中“runs”为动词，意为“跑”，需要用副词来修饰。quick的副词形式为quickly，意为“快速地”，符合句意。 8．Our teacher asks us to do homework ________ (careful). 【答案】carefully 【详解】句意：我们的老师要求我们认真做作业。句中“do homework”是动词短语，需要用副词来修饰动词；“careful”是形容词，对应的副词形式是“carefully”（细心地、认真地）。故填carefully。 9．Please don’t look at me ________ (sad). 【答案】sadly 【详解】句意：请不要悲伤地看着我。sad意为“悲伤的”，是形容词。此处修饰动词短语look at，应用副词形式。故填sadly。 10．The old man is walking ___________ (slow) in the park with his dog. 【答案】slowly 【详解】句意：那位老人正和他的狗在公园里慢慢地散步。slow是形容词，意为“缓慢的”。空格处用来修饰动词walking，需用副词。应填slowly。 二、单项选择 11．He always stays at home ________, so he feels ________. A．lonely; alone B．lonely; lonely C．alone; alone D．alone; lonely 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他总是独自待在家里，所以他感到孤独。alone意为“独自的”，侧重客观状态；lonely意为“孤独的”，侧重主观感受。根据“He always stays at home...,”，表示独自在家这一客观事实，用alone；第二个空在feels后表示感到孤独这一主观感受，用lonely。应填alone; lonely。 12．Taking a warm bath makes me ________ after a long day. A．relaxes B．relaxed C．relaxing D．to relax 【答案】B 【详解】句意：洗个热水澡让我在漫长的一天后感到放松。make sb. + adj. 表示“使某人……”，修饰人me表示人的感受，应用ed结尾的形容词relaxed。 13．Alice’s diary is as ________ as Jack’s. A．more interested B．interesting C．interested D．interests 【答案】B 【详解】句意：爱丽丝的日记和杰克的一样有趣。考查形容词原级。more interested更感兴趣的，形容人；interesting有趣的，形容物；interested感兴趣的，形容人；interests兴趣，名词或动词。根据“as ... as”可知，空处用形容词的原级，且此处形容diary，为物，用interesting。故选B。 14．In summer, the days are getting ________. A．longer and longer B．long and long C．short and short D．shorter and shorter 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在夏天，白天变得越来越长。根据“getting”可知表示变化趋势，应用“比较级+and+比较级”结构，意为“越来越……"，夏天白天逐渐变长，故用longer and longer。 15．This is ________ discovery of the century in the field of medicine. A．important B．more important C．most important D．the most important 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这是本世纪医学领域最重要的发现。important重要的；more important更重要的，比较级；most important最重要的，最高级形式，但此处缺少定冠词the，故不符合语境；the most important最重要的，最高级。“of the century”是在本世纪所有发现中进行比较，应用最高级，且形容词最高级前通常加定冠词the，所以the most important符合题意。 16．Though the problem was very ________, the students didn’t give up. They thought ________ and tried their best to solve it. A．hard; hard B．hardly; hardly C．hard; hardly D．hardly; hard 【答案】A 【详解】句意：尽管这个问题非常难，但学生们没有放弃。他们努力思考并尽最大努力解决它。hard作形容词时，意为“困难的”；作副词时，意为“努力地”。hardly是副词，意为“几乎不”。第一个空在be动词后作表语，且根据“the students didn’t give up”可知，此处表示问题很难，用形容词hard；第二个空修饰动词thought，表示努力思考，用副词hard。 17．Linda sang as ________ as Mary in the singing competition yesterday. A．well B．good C．better D．best 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在昨天的歌唱比赛中，琳达和玛丽唱得一样好。考查副词原级。well好，出色地，副词原级；good好的，形容词原级；better更好的，形容词比较级；best最好的，形容词最高级。as…as表示两者程度相同，中间需填入原级，分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词形式，修饰动词“sang”，A项符合。故选A。 18．—I’m afraid that we’ll lose the match. —Take it easy! Enjoying the game matters ________ just winning. A．less than B．much than C．more than D．most than 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——恐怕我们会输掉比赛。——别担心！享受比赛比仅仅获胜更重要。考查比较结构。less than少于；much than搭配错误（无此用法）；more than超过；most than搭配错误（无此用法）。根据“I’m afraid that we’ll lose the match.”以及“Enjoying the game matters… just winning.”可知，此处表示安慰，指“享受比赛”的意义应大于“仅仅获胜”，强调比较关系，more than符合。故选C。 19．The plants grow ________ because they don’t get enough sunlight. A．quick B．quickly C．slow D．slowly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些植物长得很慢，因为它们没有得到足够的阳光。quick快的；quickly快地；slow慢的；slowly慢地。修饰动词“grow”要用副词，没有充足阳光植物长得慢，应填slowly。 20．—Lily ________ at home. —________ she is not. You can call her up. A．maybe; Maybe B．may be; Maybe C．maybe; May be D．may be; May be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——莉莉可能是在家。——也许她不在。你可以打电话给她。考查maybe与may be的用法辨析。maybe意为“也许”，副词，通常用于句首或句中作状语；may be意为“可能是”，情态动词，may加动词原形be，在句中作谓语。第一空位于主语Lily之后，缺少谓语，应用may be；第二空位于句首，修饰整个句子，应用副词Maybe。故选B。 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Schools always have rules. Some students like the rules, but some don’t. These days David isn’t 21 . Why? Because he can’t bring his phone to school. This is one of his school 22 . “I have to talk to my parents on my phone,” says David. “My parents 23 in another city. But now I can’t talk to them on the phone. I don’t like this rule.” His 24 think the school rule is too strict (严格的). “Our son is good at all the subjects. He 25 uses the phone for fun. Sometimes we need to call him and tell him something 26 , but he can’t use his phone at school. 27 can we do?” they say. “The rule is for all the students,” says Ms Black, David’s teacher. “Some students always play 28 their phones in class. It’s not good. I think David can bring his phone to school, but I have to 29 it for him. When he really needs the phone, he can 30 me for it.” “This is a very good idea,” David says happily. 21．A．busy B．quiet C．sad D．happy 22．A．habits B．rules C．stories D．hobbies 23．A．play B．work C．go D．leave 24．A．teachers B．classmates C．parents D．friends 25．A．never B．usually C．sometimes D．always 26．A．difficult B．boring C．important D．cool 27．A．What B．Where C．When D．How 28．A．about B．of C．with D．and 29．A．buy B．want C．keep D．lend 30．A．ask B．speak C．talk D．tell 【答案】 21．D 22．B 23．B 24．C 25．A 26．C 27．A 28．C 29．C 30．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了David因学校禁止带手机而不开心，父母认为规定太严格，最后老师提出代为保管手机的好办法。 【详解】21．句意：这些天David不开心。根据“Because he can’t bring his phone to school”可知，不能带手机导致他不开心，即isn’t happy。busy忙碌的，quiet安静的，sad悲伤的，不符合语境。 22．句意：这是他的校规之一。根据前文“Schools always have rules”及语境可知，不能带手机属于学校规则之一，rules“规则”符合语境。habits习惯，stories故事，hobbies爱好，不符合文意。 23．句意：我的父母在另一个城市工作。根据“in another city”及常理可知，父母通常在另一个城市工作，所以需要电话联系，work“工作”符合语境。play玩，go去，leave离开，不符合逻辑。 24．句意：他父母认为学校的规定太严格了。根据后文引语“Our son”可知，说话者是David的父母，parents“父母”符合语境。teachers老师，classmates同学，friends朋友，与人称代词不符。 25．句意：他使用电话从来不是为了好玩。根据父母为David辩解的语境，强调他不用手机娱乐，故用never表示否定。usually通常，sometimes有时，always总是，不合逻辑。 26．句意：有时候我们需要打电话告诉他一些重要的事情，但他在学校不能用手机。根据“need to call him”可知，需要特意打电话告知的通常是重要事情，important“重要的”符合语境。difficult困难的，boring无聊的，cool酷的，不符合语境。 27．句意：我们可以做些什么？此处作动词do的宾语，询问做什么事情，应用疑问词What。Where哪里，When什么时候，How怎样，不能作do的宾语。 28．句意：有些学生总是在课堂上玩手机。play with sth为固定搭配，意为“玩某物”。about关于，of……的，and和，不能与play构成此搭配。 29．句意：我想David可以把手机带到学校，但我得替他保管。根据老师提出的解决方案，老师暂时保管手机，学生需要时再取，keep符合“保管”之意。buy买，want想要，lend借，不合逻辑。 30．句意：当他真的需要电话时，他可以问我要。ask sb for sth为固定搭配，意为“向某人要某物”。speak说，talk谈论，tell告诉，无此搭配用法。 【培优提升】 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Guangdong is in the south of China. 31 spring the weather is warm and sunny. There 32 flowers everywhere. But some days it is wet and foggy. It often rains. 33 start to grow. Everything turns green. It’s 34 to take a trip in spring. Summer is a long season in Guangdong. The weather is hot and sunny. There is always a 35 rain in summer. Many people like to go to the beach and swim in the sea. 36 cool to eat ice cream in the hot weather. Autumn is a nice season in Guangdong. Everything changes. The weather is cool. It’s not too hot or too cold. You can 37 white clouds in the clean and blue sky. It’s nice 38 on a picnic at this time of year. Winter is short. It’s not very cold in Guangdong. It seldom 39 . People usually spend time with 40 relatives (亲戚) and friends during the Spring Festival. 31．A．On B．Of C．At D．In 32．A．is B．are C．be D．am 33．A．Plant B．A plant C．The plant D．Plants 34．A．excite B．excited C．exciting D．excitedly 35．A．heavy B．heavier C．the heaviest D．heavily 36．A．It B．Its C．It’s D．Itself 37．A．to see B．saw C．seeing D．see 38．A．going B．go C．to go D．goes 39．A．snows B．snowed C．will snow D．snowing 40．A．their B．they C．them D．themselves 【答案】 31．D 32．B 33．D 34．C 35．A 36．C 37．D 38．C 39．A 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了广东四个季节的天气情况以及人们在不同季节的活动。 【详解】31．句意：在春天，天气温暖晴朗。 On用于具体某一天；Of表示所属关系；At用于具体时刻；In用于季节、年份等较长的时间。根据“spring”可知，此处用In。故选D。 32．句意：到处都是花。 is是，用于第三人称单数；are是，用于第二人称或复数；be是，动词原形；am是，用于第一人称单数。There be句型中，be动词的形式由后面的名词决定，flowers是复数，所以用are。故选B。 33．句意：植物开始生长。 Plant植物，单数；A plant一株植物；The plant这株植物；Plants植物，复数。根据“start to grow”可知，主语应为复数，所以用Plants。故选D。 34．句意：在春天去旅行是令人兴奋的。 excite使兴奋，动词；excited感到兴奋的，形容词，修饰人；exciting令人兴奋的，形容词，修饰事物；excitedly兴奋地，副词。根据“ It’s...to take a trip in spring.”可知，此处修饰“去旅行”这件事，用exciting。故选C。 35． 句意：夏天总是有一场大雨。 heavy重的，形容词；heavier更重的，比较级；the heaviest最重的，最高级；heavily重地，副词。由“rains”可知，此处用形容词heavy作定语修饰名词rains，表示“大雨”。故选A。 36．句意：在炎热的天气里吃冰淇淋很凉爽。 It它；Its它的；It’s它是；Itself它自己。It’s + 形容词 + to do sth. 是固定句型，It是形式主语。故选C。 37．句意：你可以在湛蓝干净的天空中看到白云。 to see看见，不定式；saw看见，过去式；seeing看见，现在分词；see看见，动词原形。can是情态动词，后面跟动词原形。故选D。 38．句意：在一年中的这个时候去野餐是很好的。 going去，现在分词；go去，动词原形；to go去，不定式；goes去，第三人称单数。It’s nice to do sth. 是固定句型。故选C。 39．句意：它很少下雪。 snows下雪，第三人称单数；snowed下雪，过去式；will snow将要下雪，将来时；snowing下雪，现在分词。seldom是一般现在时的标志，主语it是第三人称单数，所以用snows。故选A。 40．句意：人们通常在春节期间和他们的亲戚朋友一起度过时光。 their他们的，形容词性物主代词；they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；themselves他们自己，反身代词。根据“ People usually spend time with...relatives ( 亲戚 ) and friends during the Spring Festival.”可知，此处用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词relatives和friends。故选A。 五、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每个选项只用一次，有一项多余 healthy  usually  different  right  flying  helmets  bad  both  left  interesting  attention Every day, students have 41 ways to go to school in China. Many students take the bus to school. Students 42 talk with their friends on the way to school. Walking to school is also popular when the students live near the school. It’s a 43 way. Students can enjoy the fresh air and see the birds 44 on the way. They can also see the trees on 45 sides of the road. Some students like going to school by bike. They need to wear 46 for safety (安全). In some cities, parents drive their children to school, especially (尤其) when the weather is 47 . On the way to school, we must follow the rules. Before crossing the road, we must look 48 first. We must pay 49 to the traffic lights, too. Different ways to go to school have their own advantages (优点) and make the trip to school an 50 part of the day. 【答案】 41．different 42．usually 43．healthy 44．flying 45．both 46．helmets 47．bad 48．left 49．attention 50．interesting 【导语】本文讲述了在中国学生每天去学校有各种各样的方式，包括乘公交车、步行、骑自行车和家长开车送等，还介绍了不同方式的特点以及上学路上需要注意的交通规则。 41．句意：在中国，学生们每天上学的方式各不相同。根据后文描述了多种上学方式，可知这里表达的是方式“不同”，应用different。 42．句意：学生们通常在上学的路上和他们的朋友交谈。此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“talk”，表示频率，结合语境可知是“通常”交谈，应用usually。 43．句意：当学生住得离学校近时，步行去学校也很受欢迎。这是一种健康的方式。根据“Walking to school”可知步行是健康的出行方式，应用healthy。 44．句意：学生们可以享受新鲜空气，在路上看到鸟儿飞翔。see sb/sth doing sth“看到某人/某物正在做某事”，根据“the birds”可知是看到鸟儿“飞翔”，应用flying。 45．句意：他们还可以看到路两边的树。根据“sides of the road”可知是路的“两边”，应用both。 46．句意：他们需要戴头盔以保证安全。根据“Some students like going to school by bike.”可知骑自行车要戴“头盔”保证安全，应用helmets。 47．句意：在一些城市，父母开车送孩子上学，尤其是当天气不好时。根据“parents drive their children to school”可知是天气“不好”时开车送孩子，应用bad。 48．句意：在过马路之前，我们必须先看左边。根据交通规则，过马路先看“左边”，应用left。 49．句意：我们也必须注意交通信号灯。pay attention to“注意”，是固定短语，应用attention。 50．句意：不同的上学方式有各自的优点，使上学之旅成为一天中有趣的一部分。根据“part of the day”可知是使上学之旅变得“有趣”，应用interesting。 六、短文填空 I’m a big fan of travelling. This year, I want to go to London. It is 51 big and famous city with a long history, People in London are 52 (friend) and helpful. They are happy to tell 53 (visit) about their city. The weather in London 54 (be) nice. The city is near the sea, 55 it’s not very cold in winter and it’s not very hot in summer. But London is also a foggy city (雾都) and it often rains. People there often go out 56 an umbrella (雨伞). The Thames River runs through London from west to east. So the city 57 (have) two parts: the South and the North. It’s great 58 (relax) by visiting the two parts and those famous shops, big parks and interesting places. London is also a 59 (beauty) city. When you take a trip in London with your friends, you can enjoy the beauty of places of interest. On the 60 (one) day after I get there, I want to visit the Tower of London and the London Eye. How can I get there? Well, it’s 8, 109 kilometers from Beijing. So I have to go there by plane. Do you want to go with me? 【答案】 51．a 52．friendly 53．visitors 54．is 55．so 56．with 57．has 58．to relax 59．beautiful 60．first 【导语】本文主要介绍了伦敦这座历史悠久的城市，包括当地的人文、气候、地理特色及作者的游览计划。 【详解】51．句意：它是一座历史悠久的又大又有名的城市。此处泛指一座城市，big是以辅音音素开头的单词，故用不定冠词a。 52．句意：伦敦的人们友好且乐于助人。此处和helpful并列作表语，需将名词friend变为形容词friendly，意为“友好的”。 53．句意：他们乐于向游客介绍他们的城市。tell sb. about sth.表示“告诉某人某事”，此处表示一类人，需将动词visit变为复数名词visitors，意为“游客”。 54．句意：伦敦的天气很好。主语The weather是不可数名词，时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。 55．句意：这座城市靠近大海，所以冬天不太冷，夏天不太热。前后为因果关系，前因后果，用连词so，意为“所以”。 56．句意：那里的人们经常带着雨伞出门。此处表示伴随，用介词with，意为“带着；伴随”。 57．句意：所以这座城市分为两部分：南部和北部。主语the city是单数，时态为一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数形式has。 58．句意：在那些著名的商店、大型公园和有趣的地方游览这两个部分，是很令人放松的。固定句型It’s+adj.+to do sth.，it作形式主语，真正主语为后面的动词不定式，故填to relax。 59．句意：伦敦也是一座美丽的城市。此处修饰名词city，需将名词beauty变为形容词beautiful，意为“美丽的”。 60．句意：在我到达那里的第一天，我想参观伦敦塔和伦敦眼。on the first day为固定搭配，意为“在第一天”，此处用序数词first。 初中名词考点梳理 考点一 形容词 (一)形容词的位置及用法 英语中，说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或复合不定代词的词叫做形容词。 1. 形容词作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词前。但在修饰复合不定代词时，放在其后。如： He speaks excellent English. 他英语说得棒极了。 I have something interesting to tell you. 我有件有趣的事情要告诉你。 2. 形容词在“主＋系＋表”结构的句子中作表语，放在系动词后。如： You’ll feel comfortable after a good night’s sleep. 你晚上睡个好觉就会觉得很舒服。 ●有些形容词只能作表语或补足语，如：alone，afraid，awake，asleep，alive，absent，well(身体健康的)等。如： Be quiet！The baby is asleep. 安静点！宝宝睡着了。 3. 形容词作宾语补足语，与make，leave，keep，think，find等动词连用，放在其逻辑主语(即宾语)后。如： Leave the door open, please. 请把门开着。 The noise was keeping everyone awake. 喧闹声吵得大家都睡不着。 (二)形容词的词义辨析 近年来河南中考常在完形填空中对形容词词义辨析进行考查，在考查形容词词义的同时更考查了学生对语境的理解和判断。要求学生在通读文章大意的情况下根据具体的语境和生活常识进行判断、选择合适的形容词。 ①大部分形容词加­ly可以构成副词。但friendly，lovely，deadly，lonely，ugly，likely，brotherly，lively等以ly结尾的词仍为形容词。 ②有些以ly结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。如：daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。 ③“the＋形容词”的结构可以泛指一类人，作主语时其谓语动词用复数。 ④v.­ing的形容词表示“令人……的”，主语多为事物一类的名词；v.­ed的形容词，表示“感到……”，其主语一般为人。口诀：物作主语ing，人作主语加ed。 考点二 副词 (一)副词的用法 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子或者其他结构，在句中主要作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。如： Unluckily,their candle was put out and they got lost in the dark. 倒霉的是，他们的蜡烛熄灭了，他们在黑暗中迷失了方向。(状语) People here live a better life than before. 这儿的人们过着比以前更好的生活。(定语) I must be off soon. 我很快就得离开这里。(表语) I’m happy to see you back. 看到你回来我很高兴。(宾补) (2) 副词的分类 副词种类 例词 例句 时间副词 today，later，early，soon，now，ago，then，tomorrow，once，daily等 I lay on a beach and enjoyed the sunshine yesterday. 昨天，我躺在海滩上晒太阳。 The museum is open daily throughout the year. 这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。 地点副词 ahead，here，there，out，home，somewhere，outside，above，upstairs等 Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗？ The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。 程度副词 very，much，enough，rather，almost，even，just，quite，still，pretty等 Canada is even larger than the United States. 加拿大甚至比美国还大。 She fell and hurt her leg rather badly. 她跌倒了，腿伤得相当严重。 方式副词 well，nervously，sadly，slowly，carefully等 Time goes by quickly. 时间过得很快。 The boy slowly walked into his teacher’s office. 男孩慢慢地走进老师的办公室。 频度副词 always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never，ever等 Business is usually quieter at this time of year. 每年这个时节，生意往往比较冷清。 I sometimes climb mountains with my old friends. 我有时跟老朋友一起去爬山。 疑问副词(短语) where，how，why，when，how often, how far等 Where do you live？你住在哪儿？ How was your trip down to Orlando？你的奥兰多之行怎么样？ 连接副词 when，where，how，besides，moreover，otherwise，then等 There are times when I wonder why I do this job. 有时候我也不明白自己为什么要干这个工作。 Life was harder then because neither of us had a job. 那时生活比较艰苦，因为我俩都没有工作。 （三）形容词变副词规则 情况 构成 示词 一般情况 加­ly quick—quickly，brave—bravely，immediate—immediately 以辅音字母 ＋­y结尾 将y改为i 再加­ly easy—easily, happy—happily， heavy—heavily, busy—busily 以­le结尾 去e加­y simple—simply，gentle—gently，terrible-terribly 以元音字母 ＋­e结尾 去e加­ly true—truly 以­ll结尾 只加­y full—fully, dull—dully 以­ic结尾 加­ally basic—basically，scientific—scientifically 易错易混点: 以­ly结尾的形容词 friendly友好的 lovely可爱的 lively精力充沛的 lonely孤独的 weekly每周的 daily每日的 deadly致命的 monthly每月的 yearly每年的 考点三 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化 （一）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 1. 规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词末一般直接加­er和­est great greater greatest 单音节词以­e结尾，只加­r和­st brave wide braver wider bravest widest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 以辅音字母加­y结尾的词，先变­y为­i，再加­er和­est happy happier happiest 多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most difficult expensive more difficult more expensive most difficult most expensive 少数以­er，­ow结尾的双音节词，加­er和­est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 注意： (1) 有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以­ow，­er结尾的词。 (2) 有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill worse worst many, much许多的 more most little less least far farther距离远的 farthest距离最远 far further距离更远；程度更胜 furthest距离最远；程度最深 old older/elder oldest/eldest 注意：elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥) （二） 比较级和最高级的标志词 (1) 修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather，much，still，even，far，by far (后置)，a lot，a little，a great deal，a bit, any等。 The students study even harder than before. 学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read. 这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。 (2) 最高级可用by far，almost，nearly，one of及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。 (3) 比较级+than... (比......更......) He rises earlier than anyone else in his class. 他比班里其他人都起得早。 (4) less+than 多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than... (不如......) This book is less amusing than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 (5) the+比较级+of (两者中更......的) He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的。 (6) the+比较级+主语+谓语，the +比较级+主语+谓语（越......就越......） The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。 易混点：the +最高级，副词最高级前通常不用the . Of all the mobile phones I like this one best. 在所有手机中，我最喜欢这个。 （7）“形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……” 在“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构中，单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词­er＋and＋形容词/副词­er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“more and more＋形容词或副词原级”结构。 Things are getting better and better day by day.情况正在一天天好起来。 It's becoming more and more difficult to find a rewarding job.找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。 （8）否定词与比较级连用表示最高级 I have never heard a better voice.我从来没有听过比这更好听的声音。 典例示范 1．—Do you know Sheldon? —Yeah, I know him ________. He is a ________ boy. A．well; good B．well; well C．good; good D．good; well 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你认识Sheldon吗？——是的，我很了解他。他是个好孩子。good好的（形容词）；well好地（副词）。第一空修饰动词know，需用副词well；第二空修饰名词boy，需用形容词good。故选A。 2．Computer Science is so ________ that I show great ________ in it. A．interest; interesting B．interesting; interest C．interested; interesting D．interesting; interested 【答案】B 【详解】句意：计算机科学是如此有趣以至于我对它表现出极大的兴趣。interesting有趣的，常修饰物；interested感兴趣的，常修饰人；interest兴趣。第一空主语Computer Science是物，用interesting；第二空great修饰名词，且show interest in为固定搭配，用interest。故选B。 3．—Don’t give up, Andy. ________ you work, ________ grades you will get. —Thanks a lot, Mr. Cook. I’ll give it a try. A．The hardest; the best B．The harder; the better C．The harder; the best D．The hardest; the better 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——别放弃，安迪。你越努力，你的成绩就会越好。——非常感谢，库克老师。我会试试的。根据题干“________ you work, ________ grades you will get”可知，此处是“the + 比较级，the + 比较级”结构，表示“越……，越……”，应填The harder; the better。 4．Of all the shirts, I’d like to choose (选择) the ________ one to save some money for a cap. A．cheapest B．cheaper C．more expensive D．most expensive 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在这些衬衫中，我想选最便宜的那件，省点钱买一顶帽子。cheapest最便宜的（最高级）；cheaper更便宜的（比较级）；more expensive更贵的（比较级）；most expensive最贵的（最高级）。“Of all the shirts”（所有衬衫中，三者及以上比较）和“to save some money”（为了省钱）可知，需选择价格最低的且范围为所有衬衫，应用最高级，应填cheapest。 5．Tom is a warm-hearted boy. He is ________ happy to help others. A．sometimes B．seldom C．never D．always 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆是一个热心的男孩。他总是乐意帮助别人。sometimes有时；seldom很少；never从不；always总是。根据前句“Tom is a warm-hearted boy.”可知，汤姆是个热心的人，推测出他总是乐意帮助别人。应填always。 6．—Jimmy, you kept getting low marks in your tests. Maybe you don’t study ________ before. —Sorry, Mrs Smith. I’ll be more hard-working. A．as careful as B．so careless as C．as carelessly as D．so carefully as 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——吉米，你考试成绩一直很低。也许你以前学习没有这么认真。——对不起，史密斯夫人。我会更加努力地。as careful as和……一样认真；so careless as和……一样粗心；as carelessly as和……一样粗心地；so carefully as和……一样认真地。根据“I’ll be more hard-working.”可知，此处指学习没有这么认真，含否定词don’t，否定结构中通常用so…as表示比较，且修饰动词study应用副词 carefully。 7．The girl in red sings ________ than the girl in blue. A．well B．good C．best D．better 【答案】D 【详解】句意：穿红色衣服的女孩比穿蓝色衣服的女孩唱得更好。well好，副词；good好的，形容词；best最好的/地，最高级；better更好的/地，比较级。句中有than，应用比较级；修饰动词sings，用副词well的比较级better。 8．—Which season do you like ________, spring, summer, autumn or winter? —Autumn. A．well B．better C．best D．good 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你最喜欢哪个季节，春天、夏天、秋天还是冬天？——秋天。考查副词最高级。well好地，原级；better更好的，比较级；best最好的，最高级；good好的，形容词原级。根据“spring, summer, autumn or winter”可知，此处是在三个以上的事物中进行选择，应用最高级。like…best意为“最喜欢”。故选C。 即学即练习 1．The children look very ________ today. They are playing ________ in the park. A．happy；happy B．happily；happily C．happy；happily D．happily；happy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：孩子们今天看起来很开心。他们正在公园里开心地玩耍。happy形容词，开心的；happily副词，开心地。look为感官类系动词，后面接形容词happy作表语，play为动词应用副词happily。 2．—Can you go for a jog with me this evening? —Sorry, I’m busy. I have ________ to do. A．important something B．something important C．anything important D．important anything 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——今晚你能和我一起去慢跑吗？——抱歉，我太忙了。我有重要的事情要处理。考查不定代词和形容词的位置。something某事；anything任何事；important重要的。形容词修饰复合不定代词时，需后置。本句为肯定句，应填“something important”。故选B。 3．To save money, we have to ask ________ people to do ________ things. A．less; more B．fewer; more C．more; fewer D．more; less 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了省钱，我们不得不让更少的人做更多的事情。less修饰不可数名词；fewer修饰可数名词复数；more意为“更多的”。people是可数名词复数，第一空需用fewer修饰；根据语境“To save money”可知，为了省钱应提高效率，即“更少的人做更多的事”，things是可数名词复数，第二空需用more。应填fewer；more。 4．It’s much ________ to live a life with the help of smart devices. A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：有了智能设备的帮助，生活变得容易多了。根据句中修饰词“much”可知，much常用来修饰形容词比较级，表示程度加深，且此处隐含了使用智能设备前后生活的比较，所以要用形容词比较级。easier符合语境。 5．Nanjing isn’t as large ________ Shanghai, but it’s the second ________ city in East China. A．like; largest B．as; large C．as; largest D．like; large 【答案】C 【详解】句意：南京不如上海大，但它是华东地区第二大城市。like像；as作为，如同；large大的；largest最大的。“as+形容词原级+as”表示“和……一样……”，第一空用as符合语境；根据“the second … city in East China”可知，此处是“the+序数词+最高级+名词+范围”结构，表示“第几最……的……”，第二空用largest符合语境。应填as; largest。 6．Tom lives far away from school. But he is ________ late for school. A．sometimes B．often C．never D．usually 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆住得离学校很远。但是他上学从不迟到。sometimes有时；often经常；never从不；usually通常。根据“But”可知，前后句是转折关系，表示虽然汤姆住得离学校很远，但是他上学从不迟到。应填never。 7．The pizza smells so ________. We are all looking ________ at it. A．nicely; happily B．nice; happy C．nicely; happy D．nice; happily 【答案】D 【详解】句意：披萨闻起来很美味。我们都高兴地看着它。 nicely漂亮地（副词）；happily高兴地（副词）；nice美味的（形容词）；happy高兴的（形容词）。第一空smells为系动词，后接形容词nice作表语；第二空修饰动词looking，应用副词happily。 8．________ you study, ________ grades you will get. A．The hard;  the good B．The harder;  the better C．Harder;  better D．The hardest;  the best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你越努力，获得的成绩就越好。考查比较级用法。“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”，固定用法。hard的比较级是harder，good的比较级是better。故选B。 9．Tom does his homework ________ in his class. A．more careful B．the most careful C．more carefully D．the most carefully 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆在班里做作业最认真。根据“in his class”可知，此处是三者以上的比较，应该用最高级形式，排除选项A和选项C；又因为此处修饰动词“does”，应该用副词carefully的最高级形式“the most carefully”。 解题方略 步骤 1：判断空格修饰对象（定词性：形 / 副） 修饰名词 / 不定代词、系动词后、make/find 后 → 形容词 修饰动词、形容词、副词、整句话 → 副词 步骤 2：判断等级（原级 / 比较级 / 最高级，初中重难点） 抓标志词快速分级： 原级：very, quite, so, too, enough, as…as 比较级：than, much, far, a little, even, 两者比较 最高级：in/of 范围，one of, the, 序数词 步骤 3：判断单音节 / 多音节，正确变形 1）比较级 / 最高级变化规则 单音节： 直接 + er/est：tall-taller-tallest e 结尾 + r/st：nice-nicer-nicest 重读闭音节双写尾字母：big-bigger-biggest 辅音 + y 变 i+er/est：busy-busier-busiest 多音节（3 音节及以上）/ 部分双音节：加 more/most beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful 不规则必考： good/well—better—best bad/ill—worse—worst many/much—more—most little—less—least far—farther/further—farthest/furthest 2）副词变形提醒 副词也要变比较级： fast-faster；carefully-more carefully；well-better 步骤 4：固定搭配 + 翻译验证 核对固定句型，翻译通顺再确定答案 【基础通关】 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．What a lovely reading room! It’s one of the ________ (nice) in our school. 【答案】nicest 【详解】句意：多么漂亮的阅览室啊！它是我们学校里最漂亮的阅览室之一。根据“in our school”可知，此处表示最高级的含义，用最高级nicest。 2．It is ________ (possible) to walk there in an hour. It’s very far from here. 【答案】impossible 【详解】句意：一小时走到那里是不可能的。那儿离这儿很远。所给的词possible为形容词，意为 “可能的”。根据后半句“It’s very far from here”，说明一小时走到那里这件事无法实现，因此需要用其反义词impossible，在句中作表语。 3．The black hat looks ________ (well) on Tom while the brown one doesn't suit him. 【答案】good 【详解】句意：这顶黑帽子戴在汤姆头上很好看，而那顶棕色帽子不适合他。空前looks为系动词，后面需接形容词作表语，well是副词，形容词为good，look good on sb.是固定搭配，表示“某人穿（戴）起来很好看”。 4．You should make a ________ (care) plan before you start. 【答案】careful 【详解】句意：你应该在开始之前制定一个周密的计划。此处应用形容词修饰名词plan，care的形容词形式为careful，意为“周密的”，表示“周密的计划”。 5．She is ________ (worry) about her sick little dog these days. 【答案】worried 【详解】句意：这些天她很担心生病的小狗。本题考查形容词固定搭配be worried about，故填worried。 6．The door opened ________ (sudden). 【答案】suddenly 【详解】句意：门突然开了。空格处位于动词opened之后，需要使用sudden的副词形式suddenly“突然地”修饰动词。 7．________ (lucky), we found our way back soon. 【答案】Luckily 【详解】句意：幸运的是，我们很快就找到了回去的路。括号内lucky为形容词，此处位于句首、用逗号与主句隔开，作状语修饰整个句子，表示“幸运地”，需用副词形式luckily，句首首字母大写。 8．He did ________ (badly) in the exam than last time. 【答案】worse 【详解】句意：他这次考试考得比上次更差。由than可知用比较级，badly的比较级是worse。 9．________ (surprising), it took the team only 14 days to decorate the whole house. 【答案】Surprisingly 【详解】句意：令人惊讶的是，这支团队仅用 14 天就装修完了整栋房子。此处用副词修饰整个句子。surprising是形容词，副词形式为surprisingly，表示“令人惊讶的是”。句首单词首字母大写。故填Surprisingly。 10．He walks ________ (far) than me every morning. 【答案】farther/further 【详解】句意：他每天早上比我走得更远。句中出现than，需使用副词的比较级；far的比较级为farther或further。 二、单项选择 11．Her speech was ________ and made everyone excited. A．lively B．possible C．beyond D．nowadays 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她的演讲很生动，让每个人都很兴奋。lively生动的；possible可能的；beyond超过；nowadays现今。根据“made everyone excited”可知演讲很精彩生动，能引起大家兴奋，lively符合语境。 12．It’s ________ today. Let’s fly a kite. A．wind B．windy C．winds D．winded 【答案】B 【详解】句意：今天是有风的。让我们放风筝吧。wind风；windy有风的；winds风（复数）；winded喘气的。空处在be动词is之后作表语，应用形容词形式，结合后句“放风筝”可知天气是有风的。 13．This book is ________ interesting ________ that one. I like both. A．as; as B．so; than C．so; as D．as; than 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本书和那本书一样有趣。两本我都喜欢。考查形容词原级比较结构。as…as和……一样；so…than 搭配错误；so...as通常用于否定句；as…than搭配错误。根据“I like both”可知，两本书程度相当，应该用“as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“和……一样”。故选 A。 14．Winter is not as ________ as summer here. A．hot B．hotter C．hottest D．the hot 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这里的冬天不如夏天热。hot热的；hotter更热的；hottest最热的；the hot错误表达。根据not as...as结构可知，中间需要用形容词原级，表示“不如……一样……”。故选A。 15．The food in Sichuan is much ________ than that in my hometown. A．hot B．hotter C．hottest D．the hottest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：四川的食物比我家乡的要辣得多。 根据“than”可知，此处为比较级结构，需要用形容词的比较级形式。hot为单音节形容词，其比较级为hotter；“much”修饰比较级，表示程度加深。 16．Emma is one of ________ singers in our music club. She has a wonderful voice. A．good B．better C．best D．the best 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Emma是我们音乐俱乐部里最优秀的歌手之一，她有着美妙的嗓音。 good好的（形容词原级）；better更好的（形容词比较级）；best最好的（形容词最高级，缺少定冠词the）；the best最好的（形容词最高级，带有定冠词the）。根据后句“She has a wonderful voice.”可知，Emma嗓音非常好，是俱乐部里最优秀的歌手之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the，应填the best。 17．Lucy is never late for school. She is ________ the first one to come to school. A．often B．always C．usually D．sometimes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：露西上学从不迟到。她总是第一个来学校的。often经常；always总是；usually通常；sometimes有时。前句提到“Lucy is never late for school”，说明她一贯守时，所以此处需要一个表示 “总是、一直” 的频度副词always。 18．This house isn’t ________. We have to buy a bigger one. A．small enough B．big enough C．enough small D．enough big 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这房子不够大。我们得买一个更大的。enough修饰形容词时要放在形容词之后，构成“形容词 + enough”结构，排除C、D选项；根据后句“We have to buy a bigger one.”可知，需要买更大的房子，说明现在的房子不够大，排除A选项，big enough（足够大）符合语法与语境。 19．________, it didn't rain and we had a great time camping. A．Lucky B．Luckily C．Unlucky D．Unluckily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：幸运的是，没有下雨，我们露营玩得很开心。Lucky幸运的；Luckily幸运地；Unlucky不幸的；Unluckily不幸地。空位于句首且后有逗号，应用副词修饰整个句子。根据“it didn't rain and we had a great time camping”可知是幸运的事情，应用Luckily。 20．Steve works not as ________ as Kelly. He often makes mistakes in his writing. A．careless B．more carefully C．carefully D．most carefully 【答案】C 【详解】句意：史蒂夫工作不像凯利那么认真。他经常在写作中犯错误。careless形容词，粗心的；more carefully副词比较级，更细心地；carefully副词原级，细心地；most carefully副词最高级，最细心地。修饰动词works需用副词，排除A；not as…as中间用原级。应填carefully。 三、完形填空 When they are asked who their role model is, most people will name a famous person. I am not like most people. My 21 is a person whom I have known for my whole life. He is my 22 Claudio, and even today he teaches me about life. The day that Claudio 23 me the importance of being a man is the day he left home to go to college. It was a(n) 24 Saturday morning in August. As usual, we were 25 by the sound of our sister playing the piano. She was always playing that 26 instrument (乐器) in the early mornings! After a few minutes of lying in our beds, wishing she would stop, we 27 got up. At that point, we could not fall back asleep. 28 she was likely to play that all day! When we reached the kitchen, there was a surprise for Claudio- 29 favourite breakfast. Mum gave us a big smile and told us to sit down to eat our pancakes. It was a(n) 30 day for everyone. As Claudio’s departure (离开) was not only a new start for him but also a big change for our family. After we finished breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to 31 his luggage (行李). Then, he called me to his room, and I sat down on his bed. He turned to me and nodded. “It’s time, brother,” he said. I thought he was talking about his 32 to leave the house. But he went on to tell me all of the 33 things that I would need to do after he left. Claudio meant that it was time for me to take on a 34 role in the family. At that point, I understood everything. After that, I took my role as the “brother of the house”. With Claudio away, I needed to be there for Mum and Dad 35 they needed me. What have I learned from my brother? I have learned about family, love, and responsibility (责任). 21．A．neighbour B．classmate C．role model D．friend 22．A．father B．teacher C．relative D．brother 23．A．taught B．gave C．bought D．made 24．A．late B．early C．busy D．cold 25．A．given up B．woken up C．turned up D．picked up 26．A．sad B．beautiful C．silly D．expensive 27．A．calmly B．slowly C．quietly D．happily 28．A．After B．But C．And D．Because 29．A．my B．your C．his D．her 30．A．special B．interesting C．educational D．energetic 31．A．check B．wash C．study D．finish 32．A．wish B．luggage C．feeling D．time 33．A．simple B．free C．tiring D．important 34．A．heavier B．bigger C．louder D．higher 35．A．whenever B．wherever C．whoever D．whatever 【答案】 21．C 22．D 23．A 24．B 25．B 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．C 30．A 31．A 32．D 33．D 34．B 35．A 【导语】本文讲述作者的榜样是自己的哥哥Claudio，在哥哥离家上大学那天，哥哥教会作者承担家庭责任，让作者懂得家庭、爱与责任的故事。 【详解】21．句意：我的榜样是一个我认识一辈子的人。 根据前文“When they are asked who their role model is”，全文围绕榜样展开，role model符合语境，neighbour邻居、classmate同学、friend朋友，均不符。 22．句意：他是我的哥哥克劳迪奥，直到今天他还教我人生道理。 根据后文“It's time, brother”出现brother称呼，brother符合语境，father父亲、teacher老师、relative亲戚，均不符。 23．句意：克劳迪奥教会我成为一个男人的意义的那天，就是他离家去上大学的那天。 固定搭配teach sb. sth.教会某人某事，taught符合语境，gave给予、bought买、made制作，均不符。 24．句意：那是八月一个周六的清晨。 根据后文“in the early mornings”清早弹琴，early符合语境，late晚的、busy忙碌的、cold寒冷的，均不符。 25．句意：和往常一样，妹妹弹钢琴的声音把我们吵醒了。 根据后文妹妹弹琴的声响，woken up被吵醒符合语境，given up放弃、turned up出现、picked up捡起，均不符。 26．句意：她总爱在大清早弹那件吵闹恼人的乐器！ 兄妹二人厌烦清晨的琴声，silly带有无奈吐槽的意味，sad难过的、beautiful优美的、expensive昂贵的，均不符。 27．句意：在床上躺了几分钟，盼着她停下琴声后，我们慢慢起了床。 被琴声吵得困倦，起身动作缓慢，slowly符合语境，calmly冷静地、quietly安静地、happily开心地，均不符。 28．句意：我们再也无法入睡，因为她很可能一整天都会弹琴。 前一句无法入睡，后一句解释睡不着的原因，Because因为符合语境，After在……之后、And并且、But但是，均不符。 29．句意：当我们走到厨房，有一份给克劳迪奥的惊喜——他最爱吃的早餐。 此处指代Claudio男性，his他的符合语境，my我的、your你的、her她的，均不符。 30．句意：对所有人来说这都是特别的一天。 根据后文“Claudio's departure was not only a new start for him but also a big change for our family”哥哥离家是全家重大变化，special特别的符合语境，interesting有趣的、educational有教育意义的、energetic精力充沛的，均不符。 31．句意：吃完早餐后，克劳迪奥上楼查看他的行李。 离家前先检查行李物品，check检查符合语境，wash清洗、study学习、finish完成，均不符。 32．句意：我以为他说的是离开家的时间到了。 根据前文“It's time, brother”，time时间符合语境，wish愿望、luggage行李、feeling感受，均不符。 33．句意：但他接着告诉我，他离开之后我需要做的所有重要事情。 哥哥离家前交代家中要紧事务，important重要的符合语境，simple简单的、free空闲的、tiring累人的，均不符。 34．句意：克劳迪奥的意思是，到了我要在家庭里承担更重大责任的时候了。 哥哥离开，作者需要承担更大的家庭角色，bigger更大的符合语境，heavier更重的、louder更大声的、higher更高的，均不符。 35．句意：克劳迪奥走后，无论父母什么时候需要我，我都要陪伴在他们身边。 whenever无论何时引导让步状语从句，贴合语境，wherever无论哪里、whoever无论谁、whatever无论什么，均不符。 【培优提升】 四、语法选择 通读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求, 从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案, 并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Helen is in Grade Eight. She always smiles at everyone and she’s always glad to help others. But do you know she had a sad story? Helen’s parents died in a fire when she 36 nine years old. After that, her aunt and uncle adopted (收养) her. They sent her to a new school. In that school, Helen knew 37 about her new classmates. She didn’t talk 38 and she was shyer and quieter than most kids. That made it difficult for her to make friends, so she had 39 friends at school. Her aunt and uncle worried about her. However, after making friends 40 a funny girl named Sandy, Helen became 41 than before. Sandy usually tells jokes to make Helen 42 and Helen often helps Sandy with her studies. Now Sandy and Helen are good friends. Helen is really hard-working and she always gets As in her lessons. Sandy says, “Helen studies very 43 . She often helps me with my homework. Now I’m getting 44 grades than before because of her help. 45 she is different from me, I like her very much.” 36．A．is B．was C．are 37．A．everything B．anything C．nothing 38．A．too much B．much too C．too many 39．A．a few B．a little C．few 40．A．for B．with C．over 41．A．more outgoing B．outgoing C．less outgoing 42．A．laughs B．to laugh C．laugh 43．A．hardly B．harder C．hard 44．A．good B．better C．best 45．A．Until B．Unless C．Though 【答案】 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．C 40．B 41．A 42．C 43．C 44．B 45．C 【导语】本文讲述海伦父母去世后变得害羞，被收养后结识好友桑迪，两人互相帮助，海伦变得开朗，桑迪成绩进步的故事。 【详解】36．句意：海伦九岁时父母死于一场火灾。根据“died”可知句子为一般过去时，主语“she”对应使用was。is和are时态错误。 37．句意：在那所学校，海伦对新同学一无所知。根据后文她害羞不说话可知，她不了解新同学，表否定，使用nothing。everything“一切”、anything“任何事”不符语境。 38．句意：她不太说话，比大多数孩子更害羞安静。此处修饰动词“talk”，应用too much。much too“太”修饰形容词或副词、too many“太多”修饰可数名词，均用法不符。 39．句意：交朋友对她来说太困难，所以她在学校几乎没有朋友。“friends”为可数名词复数，且语境表否定，使用few。a few“一些”表肯定，a little“一点”修饰不可数。 40．句意：然而，在和名叫桑迪的风趣的女孩交朋友后，海伦比以前更加外向了。根据短语make friends with sb.，意为“和某人交朋友”，此处使用介词with。for“为了”、over“超过”搭配错误。 41．句意：然而，在和名叫桑迪的风趣的女孩交朋友后，海伦比以前更加外向了。 “than”提示使用比较级，且语境为积极变化，使用more outgoing。outgoing“外向的”为原级，less outgoing“较不外向”语意相反。 42．句意：桑迪通常讲笑话逗海伦笑，海伦经常帮助桑迪学习。此处使用搭配make sb. do sth.，意为“让某人做某事”，用动词原形laugh。laughs是第三人称单数，to laugh是不定式，均形式错误。 43．句意：海伦学习非常努力。study hard意为“努力学习”，副词hard修饰动词study。hardly“几乎不”语意不符，harder“更努力”无比较对象。 44．句意：因为她的帮助，我现在取得比以前更好的成绩。 “than”提示使用比较级，better符合。good为原级，best为最高级。 45．句意：虽然她和我不同，但是我非常喜欢她。前后句构成让步关系，应用Though引导。Until“直到”、Unless“除非”逻辑不符。 五、选词填空 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空，使文章的意思完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 if  fast  save  good  from  come  you  pull  simple  wave  danger  though Earthquakes usually come without warning. What should you do if an earthquake happens? An earthquake is 46 , but there are still things you can do to protect 47 . Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your survival (生存) chances in an earthquake will increase if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can help 48 your life. If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you 49 falling objects (物体). Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects. If you are outside, get to an open area as 50 as you can. Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, 51 over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. 52 you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge 53 and they can really harm the people around. When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. For example, fire often 54 with an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area. Always remember to hope for the 55 but prepare for the worst. 【答案】 46．dangerous 47．yourself 48．save 49．from 50．fast 51．pull 52．If 53．waves 54．comes 55．best 【导语】本文介绍了地震发生时及发生后的避险方法，从室内、室外、海边等不同场景给出具体建议，强调保持冷静、做好防护的重要性。 【详解】46．句意：地震是危险的，但你仍然可以做一些事情来保护自己。此处需要形容词作表语，danger的形容词形式dangerous表示“危险的”，契合地震的特性，因此需选用danger，变形为dangerous。 47．句意：地震是危险的，但你仍然可以做一些事情来保护自己。protect oneself是固定搭配，表示“保护自己”，主语是you，对应的反身代词是yourself，因此需选用you，变形为yourself。 48．句意：保持冷静并不容易，但它可以帮助挽救你的生命。help (to) do sth.是固定结构，to后可省略，save one’s life表示“挽救生命”，契合保持冷静的作用，因此需选用save，保持原形。 49．句意：你需要周围有坚固的东西来保护你免受掉落物体的伤害。protect sb. from sth.是固定搭配，表示“保护某人免受某物的伤害”，契合语境，因此需选用from。 50．句意：如果你在室外，尽快到开阔地带。as+形容词/副词原级as you can是固定结构，表示“尽可能……”，fast 示“快地”，契合地震发生时快速避险的需求，因此需选用fast，保持原形。 51．句意：如果你在车里，开到没有树木或高楼的地方，待在车里。句子为祈使句，需用动词原形开头，pull over是固定搭配，表示“靠边停车”，契合驾车时的避险动作，因此需选用pull，保持原形。 52．句意：如果你在海边，尽量远离水域。此处需要连词引导条件状语从句，if表示“如果”，契合“在海边” 的假设场景，句首大写为If，因此需选用If。 53．句意：地震会引发巨浪，它们会对周围的人造成真正的伤害。huge后接名词复数，wave的复数形式waves表示“波浪”，契合地震引发海啸的语境，因此需选用wave，变形为waves。 54．句意：例如，火灾常伴随地震发生。句子时态为一般现在时，主语fire为单数，come with是固定搭配，表示“伴随发生”，come的第三人称单数形式为comes，因此需选用come，变形为comes。 55．句意：永远记住，抱最好的希望，做最坏的打算。the后接形容词最高级，good的最高级best表示“最好的”，契合固定表达hope for the best，因此需选用good，变形为best。 六、短文填空 I still remember my primary school homework on animals. I decided 56 (write) about the whale (鲸鱼). I have loved them from a young age. I’m not quite sure why I love them. It might be something about 57 (they) shape. They have a smooth shape, and their tails look like a heart. They also move so 58 (slow) and beautifully, like a tree dancing in the wind. This way, they seem very clever. So, of course, one of my best 59 (memory) was when I got to see a type of whale called the Southern Right Whale in Argentina. Watching them moving smoothly in the water, I felt 60 (happy) than ever. They 61 (be) so beautiful! And I’m not the only one that loves whales. Different peoples across the world have a special place for whales 62 their hearts. Take the Maori people in New Zealand as 63 example. Living by the ocean, they see whales as guardians (守护者) of the ocean and talk about them a lot in their 64 (tradition) stories. Why was I interested in whales like the Maori people? 65 they need our protection. That’s what my school homework was about—animals we need to protect. Whales play a big role in the ocean. So, protecting whales means protecting the whole ocean. 【答案】 56．to write 57．their 58．slowly 59．memories 60．happier 61．were 62．in 63．an 64．traditional 65．Because 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者从小对鲸鱼的热爱，以及鲸鱼在世界不同文化中的特殊地位，最后点明保护鲸鱼的重要性。 【详解】56．句意：我决定写关于鲸鱼的内容。decide to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“决定做某事”，空处填不定式作宾语。 57．句意：这可能和它们的外形有关。空处修饰名词shape，需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their。 58．句意：它们移动得缓慢而优美，就像风中起舞的树。空处修饰动词move，需用副词形式。 59．句意：所以，当然，我最美好的回忆之一是在阿根廷看到一种叫南露脊鲸的鲸鱼。one of后跟名词复数形式，意为“……之一”，memory的复数形式为memories。 60．句意：看着它们在水中平稳游动，我感到比以往任何时候都更开心。“than ever”表明需用比较级，happy的比较级为happier。 61．句意：它们太美了！句子描述过去的经历，时态为一般过去时，主语They是复数，be动词用were。 62．句意：世界各地不同民族的人们心中都为鲸鱼留有特殊的位置。“...their hearts”表示“在他们心中”，应用介词in。 63．句意：以新西兰的毛利人为例。take...as an example是固定搭配，意为“以……为例”，example以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an。 64．句意：他们住在海边，把鲸鱼视为海洋的守护者，并在传统故事中经常提及它们。空处修饰名词stories，需用形容词形式，tradition的形容词形式为traditional。 65．句意：因为它们需要我们的保护。前文“Why was I interested in whales like the Maori people?”表明此处是回答原因，用Because表原因。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $衔接点09 形容词和副词（小初考点差异及衔接） 小学视角 初中展望 1. 形容词的功能及基本用法 2. 副词的功能及基本用法 3. 形容词、副词的比较等级 1. 形容词的位置、用法及词义辨析 2. 副词的基本用法及分类 3. 形容词和副词的比较等级 衔接引导 小学阶段： 小学阶段主要侧重认识形容词、副词，分清基础词义，依靠简单句式标志区分使用位置，只掌握原级，题型基础单一。 常见题型为： ① 用所给单词的正确形式填空 ② 选词填空（区分形容词、副词） ③ 单项选择题 ④ 根据中文提示写单词 初中阶段： 初中阶段要求分清形容词、副词句法功能，熟练掌握三级比较变化，结合语境辨析词义，题型综合性强，出题灵活多变。 主要的题型为： ① 用所给单词的适当形式填空（变副词、比较级最高级） ② 单项选择（词义辨析、比较级用法） ③ 句型转换（原级、比较级互换） ④ 句子改错 ⑤ 完形填空、短文填空 ⑥ 书面表达（恰当运用比较级、副词修饰动词） 小学名词考点梳理 考点一：核心概念（1分钟扫盲） 词性 修饰对象 核心作用 例句 形容词 名词 / 代词 说明“什么样” a beautiful girl / She is happy. 副词 动词 / 形容词 / 其他副词 / 整句 说明“怎样、何时、何地、程度” run fast / very good / Luckily, we won. 考点二：形容词全面梳理 1. 句法作用（3种） 作用 说明 例句 作定语 放在名词前，修饰名词 I have a red pen. 作表语 放在系动词后，说明主语 The pen is red. 作宾补（低频） 放在宾语后，补充宾语 The news made me sad. 2. 在句中的位置（3条铁律） 常规位置：放在名词前面。例：a tall tree. 系动词后：放在be/look/sound/feel/taste/smell/become/get/turn/seem后面。 例：The tree looks tall. ⭐特殊位置（必考）：修饰不定代词（something/anything/nothing/everything）时，形容词必须后置。 例：I have something important to tell you.（绝对不能说important something） 3. 具体用法（3大得分点） ⭐-ing 与 -ed 区别：修饰事物用-ing（令人…的），修饰人/表情用-ed（感到…的）。 例：The boring movie makes me bored. ⭐系动词后绝对不用副词：feel/look/sound等后面只能跟形容词。 例：She feels happy.（√） / feels happily.（×） 只能作表语的形容词（不能放名词前）：ill, glad, asleep, awake, alone, afraid, alive。 例：The baby is asleep.（√） / an asleep baby（×） 考点三：副词全面梳理 1. 句法作用（4种） 作用 说明 例句 修饰动词 说明动作方式/时间/频率 She sings well. 修饰形容词 表程度 It's quite cold. 修饰其他副词 表程度 He runs too fast. 修饰整个句子 放句首，逗号隔开，表态度 Suddenly, it rained. 2. 在句中的位置（按类型对号入座——必背表格！） 副词类型 位置规则 例词 正确例句 方式副词（怎样做） 动词后 或 宾语后 quickly, carefully She reads carefully. ⭐频度副词（多久一次） 行为动词前；be/助/情态动词后 always, often, never, sometimes He often walks. / He is always happy. 时间/地点副词 通常放句尾（强调时可句首） yesterday, here, there I met him yesterday. 程度副词（修饰形/副） 紧放在被修饰词前面 very, quite, too, so It is too hot. 3. 形容词变副词的4条规则（填空必考） 情况 规则 例词 一般情况 直接加 -ly quick→quickly, slow→slowly 辅音 + y 结尾 变 y 为 i，加 -ly happy→happily, easy→easily 以 -le 结尾 去 e 加 -y terrible→terribly, gentle→gently 以 -ic 结尾 加 -ally basic→basically, scientific→scientifically ⭐特殊同形 形容词副词同形 hard（努力）, fast（快）, late（迟）, early（早） 4. ⭐5组同根异义词（选择题/完形填空头号杀手） 原词 副词1（意思） 副词2（意思） 例句对比 hard hard（努力地） hardly（几乎不） He works hard. / He hardly sleeps. late late（迟地） lately（最近） He came late. / I saw him lately. near near（近地） nearly（几乎） Don't go near. / It's nearly 5 o'clock. wide wide（宽地） widely（广泛地） Open your mouth wide. / It's widely known. deep deep（深地，具体） deeply（深深地，抽象） Dig deep. / I'm deeply moved. 模块四：比较等级（满分核心区） 1. 三大结构公式及位置 等级 结构公式 句中位置要求 原级 as + 原级 + as（一样…） not as/so + 原级 + as（不如…） 中间只能用原级，绝不能用比较级 比较级 比较级 + than than前面必须是比较级形式 最高级 the + 最高级 + 范围(in/of/among) the绝不能省；in+大地点，of+同一类个体 2. 规则变化（按音节数操作） 情况 比较级 最高级 例词 单音节/部分双音节 +er +est tall→taller→tallest 以e结尾 +r +st nice→nicer→nicest 辅音+y结尾 变y为i +er 变y为i +est happy→happier→happiest ⭐重读闭音节末尾一辅音 双写尾字母+er 双写尾字母+est big→bigger→biggest; hot→hotter→hottest; thin→thinner→thinnest 多音节（≥3个音节） more + 原级 most + 原级 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful 3. ⭐不规则变化（必须倒背如流，作文常写） 原级 比较级 最高级 good / well better best bad / badly / ill worse worst many / much more most little less least far farther（距离远）/ further（程度深） farthest / furthest old older（年龄）/ elder（长幼，只作定语） oldest / eldest 4. ⭐比较级的修饰词（填空单选必杀） 能修饰比较级的词（表程度加深）：much, a little, a bit, even, far, still 例：She is much taller than me. 不能修饰比较级的词（只能修饰原级）：very, quite, too, so, rather 例：She is very tall.（√） / She is very taller.（×） 5. 两大特殊句式（阅读理解及完形高频） 越……越……：The + 比较级，the + 比较级 例：The more, the better. / The harder you study, the better grades you get. 越来越……：比较级 + and + 比较级（单音节）；more and more + 原级（多音节） 例：It's getting hotter and hotter. / She becomes more and more beautiful. 模块五：形容词 vs 副词 终极对比雷达图（考前必看） 对比维度 形容词 副词 修饰谁 名词 / 代词 动词 / 形容词 / 其他副词 / 句子 系动词后面 必用形容词（She looks beautiful） 绝对不用（She looks beautifully ×） 修饰不定代词 放后面（something interesting） 不涉及此用法 变比较级规则 与副词规则完全相同 与形容词规则完全相同 最高级前面 必须加 the 必须加 the（the fastest） 典例示范 1．The movie is so ________ that many young people have ________ in it. A．interesting; interest B．interesting; interested C．interested; interested 2．To stay healthy, we should keep ________ and exercise regularly. A．happily B．happy C．health D．healthily 3．Tom is a really ________ boy and everybody likes to make friends________ him in our class. A．friendly; to B．friendly; with C．friend; to D．friends; with 4．Lily danced so well. But I think Kate danced ________ than Lily. A．well B．best C．better 5．—People use mobile phones ________. —Yes. They are very important in our ________ life. A．everyday; everyday B．everyday; every day C．every day; everyday D．every day; every day 6．—Why do you look so tired today? —Because I stayed up late last night. I ________ finished my homework and then I worked ________ on the science project. A．hard; hardly B．hardly; hard C．hard; hard D．hardly; hardly 7．This dictionary is ________ useful for English learners than that one, but that one is ________ widely used in schools than this one. A．more; more B．the most; more C．much; most D．most; more 8．—Which season do you like ________ in Daqing, spring or autumn? —I like autumn better. The weather is cool and comfortable. A．well B．better C．best D．the best 即学即练习 1．Mr. Brown is a ________ teacher. He teaches us ________. A．good, good B．well, good C．good, well 2．The beef noodles smell ________. They must be________. A．well, delicious B．good, tasty C．well, taste 3．Mr Black always tries his best to make his student ________ in his class. A．interesting B．interest C．interested D．interests 4．—You are so ________ now. You were a very quiet girl ten years ago. —Haha, we are all different now. You look ________ and thinner than before. A．active; shorter B．quiet; taller C．active; taller 5．This is ________ festival I have ever experienced. A．more excited B．the most exciting C．exciting D．the more excited 6．—Do you always run in the evening? —No, I ________ do, because it’s hard to see the way when it’s dark. A．always B．usually C．sometimes D．never 7．He runs much ________ than anyone else. A．quickly B．quick C．quickest D．more quickly 8．Out of all the students, Sarah’s science project impressed the teacher ________. A．well B．more C．good D．the most 易混易错 小升初最容易掉进去的5个坑 ⭐⭐⭐ 感官系动词（look/sound/feel等）后面跟形容词，不是副词！ The music sounds good.（√） / sounds well（×，well作形容词只表“身体健康”） “very”和“much”分工不同：very修饰原级（very tall），much修饰比较级（much taller）。千万别混！ 比较对象要对等（用that/those代替前面提到的名词）： The weather in Beijing is colder than that in Shanghai.（√ 天气比天气） ……than Shanghai（× 天气比城市，不对等） 最高级范围中的“of”和“in”： of + 同类个体（of all the students, of the three） in + 地点/团体（in our class, in China） “as…as”中间只能放原级，永远不要写成 as taller as 或 as more beautiful as。 解题方略 步骤 1：看空格修饰谁（核心判断依据） 修饰名词 → 用形容词 修饰动词 / 形容词 → 用副词 步骤 2：看前后动词类型 有 be 动词 / 感官动词（look/taste/feel 等）后面直接加形容词 口诀：系动词后用形，实义动词后用地 实义动词（run, sing, read, write 等）前后用副词修饰动作 步骤 3：判断变形规则 拿到形容词词根，按 ly 变化规则改写 步骤 4：验证翻译通顺 …… 的（形）/…… 地（副） 【基础通关】 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．We do sports every day to keep ________ (health). 2．Don’t be ________ (late). 3．Ne Zha is ________ (play) and he always makes mistakes. But he has a good heart (心). 4．Let’s go to the zoo to see the ________ (love) Panda Fu Bao! 5．I don’t like sharks because they are really ________ (danger). 6．His father always talks ________ (angry) when he is unhappy. 7．Kelly runs ________ (quick) to her mother at the airport to give her a hug. 8．Our teacher asks us to do homework ________ (careful). 9．Please don’t look at me ________ (sad). 10．The old man is walking ___________ (slow) in the park with his dog. 二、单项选择 11．He always stays at home ________, so he feels ________. A．lonely; alone B．lonely; lonely C．alone; alone D．alone; lonely 12．Taking a warm bath makes me ________ after a long day. A．relaxes B．relaxed C．relaxing D．to relax 13．Alice’s diary is as ________ as Jack’s. A．more interested B．interesting C．interested D．interests 14．In summer, the days are getting ________. A．longer and longer B．long and long C．short and short D．shorter and shorter 15．This is ________ discovery of the century in the field of medicine. A．important B．more important C．most important D．the most important 16．Though the problem was very ________, the students didn’t give up. They thought ________ and tried their best to solve it. A．hard; hard B．hardly; hardly C．hard; hardly D．hardly; hard 17．Linda sang as ________ as Mary in the singing competition yesterday. A．well B．good C．better D．best 18．—I’m afraid that we’ll lose the match. —Take it easy! Enjoying the game matters ________ just winning. A．less than B．much than C．more than D．most than 19．The plants grow ________ because they don’t get enough sunlight. A．quick B．quickly C．slow D．slowly 20．—Lily ________ at home. —________ she is not. You can call her up. A．maybe; Maybe B．may be; Maybe C．maybe; May be D．may be; May be 三、完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Schools always have rules. Some students like the rules, but some don’t. These days David isn’t 21 . Why? Because he can’t bring his phone to school. This is one of his school 22 . “I have to talk to my parents on my phone,” says David. “My parents 23 in another city. But now I can’t talk to them on the phone. I don’t like this rule.” His 24 think the school rule is too strict (严格的). “Our son is good at all the subjects. He 25 uses the phone for fun. Sometimes we need to call him and tell him something 26 , but he can’t use his phone at school. 27 can we do?” they say. “The rule is for all the students,” says Ms Black, David’s teacher. “Some students always play 28 their phones in class. It’s not good. I think David can bring his phone to school, but I have to 29 it for him. When he really needs the phone, he can 30 me for it.” “This is a very good idea,” David says happily. 21．A．busy B．quiet C．sad D．happy 22．A．habits B．rules C．stories D．hobbies 23．A．play B．work C．go D．leave 24．A．teachers B．classmates C．parents D．friends 25．A．never B．usually C．sometimes D．always 26．A．difficult B．boring C．important D．cool 27．A．What B．Where C．When D．How 28．A．about B．of C．with D．and 29．A．buy B．want C．keep D．lend 30．A．ask B．speak C．talk D．tell 【培优提升】 四、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Guangdong is in the south of China. 31 spring the weather is warm and sunny. There 32 flowers everywhere. But some days it is wet and foggy. It often rains. 33 start to grow. Everything turns green. It’s 34 to take a trip in spring. Summer is a long season in Guangdong. The weather is hot and sunny. There is always a 35 rain in summer. Many people like to go to the beach and swim in the sea. 36 cool to eat ice cream in the hot weather. Autumn is a nice season in Guangdong. Everything changes. The weather is cool. It’s not too hot or too cold. You can 37 white clouds in the clean and blue sky. It’s nice 38 on a picnic at this time of year. Winter is short. It’s not very cold in Guangdong. It seldom 39 . People usually spend time with 40 relatives (亲戚) and friends during the Spring Festival. 31．A．On B．Of C．At D．In 32．A．is B．are C．be D．am 33．A．Plant B．A plant C．The plant D．Plants 34．A．excite B．excited C．exciting D．excitedly 35．A．heavy B．heavier C．the heaviest D．heavily 36．A．It B．Its C．It’s D．Itself 37．A．to see B．saw C．seeing D．see 38．A．going B．go C．to go D．goes 39．A．snows B．snowed C．will snow D．snowing 40．A．their B．they C．them D．themselves 五、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择恰当的词填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每个选项只用一次，有一项多余 healthy  usually  different  right  flying  helmets  bad  both  left  interesting  attention Every day, students have 41 ways to go to school in China. Many students take the bus to school. Students 42 talk with their friends on the way to school. Walking to school is also popular when the students live near the school. It’s a 43 way. Students can enjoy the fresh air and see the birds 44 on the way. They can also see the trees on 45 sides of the road. Some students like going to school by bike. They need to wear 46 for safety (安全). In some cities, parents drive their children to school, especially (尤其) when the weather is 47 . On the way to school, we must follow the rules. Before crossing the road, we must look 48 first. We must pay 49 to the traffic lights, too. Different ways to go to school have their own advantages (优点) and make the trip to school an 50 part of the day. 六、短文填空 I’m a big fan of travelling. This year, I want to go to London. It is 51 big and famous city with a long history, People in London are 52 (friend) and helpful. They are happy to tell 53 (visit) about their city. The weather in London 54 (be) nice. The city is near the sea, 55 it’s not very cold in winter and it’s not very hot in summer. But London is also a foggy city (雾都) and it often rains. People there often go out 56 an umbrella (雨伞). The Thames River runs through London from west to east. So the city 57 (have) two parts: the South and the North. It’s great 58 (relax) by visiting the two parts and those famous shops, big parks and interesting places. London is also a 59 (beauty) city. When you take a trip in London with your friends, you can enjoy the beauty of places of interest. On the 60 (one) day after I get there, I want to visit the Tower of London and the London Eye. How can I get there? Well, it’s 8, 109 kilometers from Beijing. So I have to go there by plane. Do you want to go with me? 初中名词考点梳理 考点一 形容词 (一)形容词的位置及用法 英语中，说明人或事物的特征、性质或状态，常用来修饰名词或复合不定代词的词叫做形容词。 1. 形容词作定语，一般放在所修饰的名词前。但在修饰复合不定代词时，放在其后。如： He speaks excellent English. 他英语说得棒极了。 I have something interesting to tell you. 我有件有趣的事情要告诉你。 2. 形容词在“主＋系＋表”结构的句子中作表语，放在系动词后。如： You’ll feel comfortable after a good night’s sleep. 你晚上睡个好觉就会觉得很舒服。 ●有些形容词只能作表语或补足语，如：alone，afraid，awake，asleep，alive，absent，well(身体健康的)等。如： Be quiet！The baby is asleep. 安静点！宝宝睡着了。 3. 形容词作宾语补足语，与make，leave，keep，think，find等动词连用，放在其逻辑主语(即宾语)后。如： Leave the door open, please. 请把门开着。 The noise was keeping everyone awake. 喧闹声吵得大家都睡不着。 (二)形容词的词义辨析 近年来河南中考常在完形填空中对形容词词义辨析进行考查，在考查形容词词义的同时更考查了学生对语境的理解和判断。要求学生在通读文章大意的情况下根据具体的语境和生活常识进行判断、选择合适的形容词。 ①大部分形容词加­ly可以构成副词。但friendly，lovely，deadly，lonely，ugly，likely，brotherly，lively等以ly结尾的词仍为形容词。 ②有些以ly结尾的词既为形容词，也为副词。如：daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。 ③“the＋形容词”的结构可以泛指一类人，作主语时其谓语动词用复数。 ④v.­ing的形容词表示“令人……的”，主语多为事物一类的名词；v.­ed的形容词，表示“感到……”，其主语一般为人。口诀：物作主语ing，人作主语加ed。 考点二 副词 (一)副词的用法 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子或者其他结构，在句中主要作状语、表语、定语和宾语补足语。如： Unluckily,their candle was put out and they got lost in the dark. 倒霉的是，他们的蜡烛熄灭了，他们在黑暗中迷失了方向。(状语) People here live a better life than before. 这儿的人们过着比以前更好的生活。(定语) I must be off soon. 我很快就得离开这里。(表语) I’m happy to see you back. 看到你回来我很高兴。(宾补) (2) 副词的分类 副词种类 例词 例句 时间副词 today，later，early，soon，now，ago，then，tomorrow，once，daily等 I lay on a beach and enjoyed the sunshine yesterday. 昨天，我躺在海滩上晒太阳。 The museum is open daily throughout the year. 这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。 地点副词 ahead，here，there，out，home，somewhere，outside，above，upstairs等 Can you help to carry this table upstairs? 你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗？ The boy read quietly over there all afternoon. 这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书。 程度副词 very，much，enough，rather，almost，even，just，quite，still，pretty等 Canada is even larger than the United States. 加拿大甚至比美国还大。 She fell and hurt her leg rather badly. 她跌倒了，腿伤得相当严重。 方式副词 well，nervously，sadly，slowly，carefully等 Time goes by quickly. 时间过得很快。 The boy slowly walked into his teacher’s office. 男孩慢慢地走进老师的办公室。 频度副词 always，usually，often，sometimes，seldom，never，ever等 Business is usually quieter at this time of year. 每年这个时节，生意往往比较冷清。 I sometimes climb mountains with my old friends. 我有时跟老朋友一起去爬山。 疑问副词(短语) where，how，why，when，how often, how far等 Where do you live？你住在哪儿？ How was your trip down to Orlando？你的奥兰多之行怎么样？ 连接副词 when，where，how，besides，moreover，otherwise，then等 There are times when I wonder why I do this job. 有时候我也不明白自己为什么要干这个工作。 Life was harder then because neither of us had a job. 那时生活比较艰苦，因为我俩都没有工作。 （三）形容词变副词规则 情况 构成 示词 一般情况 加­ly quick—quickly，brave—bravely，immediate—immediately 以辅音字母 ＋­y结尾 将y改为i 再加­ly easy—easily, happy—happily， heavy—heavily, busy—busily 以­le结尾 去e加­y simple—simply，gentle—gently，terrible-terribly 以元音字母 ＋­e结尾 去e加­ly true—truly 以­ll结尾 只加­y full—fully, dull—dully 以­ic结尾 加­ally basic—basically，scientific—scientifically 易错易混点: 以­ly结尾的形容词 friendly友好的 lovely可爱的 lively精力充沛的 lonely孤独的 weekly每周的 daily每日的 deadly致命的 monthly每月的 yearly每年的 考点三 形容词、副词比较级和最高级的规则变化和不规则变化 （一）形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则 1. 规则变化 构成法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词末一般直接加­er和­est great greater greatest 单音节词以­e结尾，只加­r和­st brave wide braver wider bravest widest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­est big hot bigger hotter biggest hottest 以辅音字母加­y结尾的词，先变­y为­i，再加­er和­est happy happier happiest 多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加more和most difficult expensive more difficult more expensive most difficult most expensive 少数以­er，­ow结尾的双音节词，加­er和­est clever cleverer cleverest narrow narrower narrowest 注意： (1) 有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加­er和­est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired和以­ow，­er结尾的词。 (2) 有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完美的)等。 2. 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well better best bad, ill worse worst many, much许多的 more most little less least far farther距离远的 farthest距离最远 far further距离更远；程度更胜 furthest距离最远；程度最深 old older/elder oldest/eldest 注意：elder 不能与than连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥) （二） 比较级和最高级的标志词 (1) 修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather，much，still，even，far，by far (后置)，a lot，a little，a great deal，a bit, any等。 The students study even harder than before. 学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read. 这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。 (2) 最高级可用by far，almost，nearly，one of及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。 The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River. 目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。 (3) 比较级+than... (比......更......) He rises earlier than anyone else in his class. 他比班里其他人都起得早。 (4) less+than 多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than... (不如......) This book is less amusing than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。 (5) the+比较级+of (两者中更......的) He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的。 (6) the+比较级+主语+谓语，the +比较级+主语+谓语（越......就越......） The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make. 你越认真，犯的错误就越少。 易混点：the +最高级，副词最高级前通常不用the . Of all the mobile phones I like this one best. 在所有手机中，我最喜欢这个。 （7）“形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……” 在“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构中，单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词­er＋and＋形容词/副词­er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“more and more＋形容词或副词原级”结构。 Things are getting better and better day by day.情况正在一天天好起来。 It's becoming more and more difficult to find a rewarding job.找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。 （8）否定词与比较级连用表示最高级 I have never heard a better voice.我从来没有听过比这更好听的声音。 典例示范 1．—Do you know Sheldon? —Yeah, I know him ________. He is a ________ boy. A．well; good B．well; well C．good; good D．good; well 2．Computer Science is so ________ that I show great ________ in it. A．interest; interesting B．interesting; interest C．interested; interesting D．interesting; interested 3．—Don’t give up, Andy. ________ you work, ________ grades you will get. —Thanks a lot, Mr. Cook. I’ll give it a try. A．The hardest; the best B．The harder; the better C．The harder; the best D．The hardest; the better 4．Of all the shirts, I’d like to choose (选择) the ________ one to save some money for a cap. A．cheapest B．cheaper C．more expensive D．most expensive 5．Tom is a warm-hearted boy. He is ________ happy to help others. A．sometimes B．seldom C．never D．always 6．—Jimmy, you kept getting low marks in your tests. Maybe you don’t study ________ before. —Sorry, Mrs Smith. I’ll be more hard-working. A．as careful as B．so careless as C．as carelessly as D．so carefully as 7．The girl in red sings ________ than the girl in blue. A．well B．good C．best D．better 8．—Which season do you like ________, spring, summer, autumn or winter? —Autumn. A．well B．better C．best D．good 即学即练习 1．The children look very ________ today. They are playing ________ in the park. A．happy；happy B．happily；happily C．happy；happily D．happily；happy 2．—Can you go for a jog with me this evening? —Sorry, I’m busy. I have ________ to do. A．important something B．something important C．anything important D．important anything 3．To save money, we have to ask ________ people to do ________ things. A．less; more B．fewer; more C．more; fewer D．more; less 4．It’s much ________ to live a life with the help of smart devices. A．easy B．easier C．easiest D．the easiest 5．Nanjing isn’t as large ________ Shanghai, but it’s the second ________ city in East China. A．like; largest B．as; large C．as; largest D．like; large 6．Tom lives far away from school. But he is ________ late for school. A．sometimes B．often C．never D．usually 7．The pizza smells so ________. We are all looking ________ at it. A．nicely; happily B．nice; happy C．nicely; happy D．nice; happily 8．________ you study, ________ grades you will get. A．The hard;  the good B．The harder;  the better C．Harder;  better D．The hardest;  the best 9．Tom does his homework ________ in his class. A．more careful B．the most careful C．more carefully D．the most carefully 解题方略 步骤 1：判断空格修饰对象（定词性：形 / 副） 修饰名词 / 不定代词、系动词后、make/find 后 → 形容词 修饰动词、形容词、副词、整句话 → 副词 步骤 2：判断等级（原级 / 比较级 / 最高级，初中重难点） 抓标志词快速分级： 原级：very, quite, so, too, enough, as…as 比较级：than, much, far, a little, even, 两者比较 最高级：in/of 范围，one of, the, 序数词 步骤 3：判断单音节 / 多音节，正确变形 1）比较级 / 最高级变化规则 单音节： 直接 + er/est：tall-taller-tallest e 结尾 + r/st：nice-nicer-nicest 重读闭音节双写尾字母：big-bigger-biggest 辅音 + y 变 i+er/est：busy-busier-busiest 多音节（3 音节及以上）/ 部分双音节：加 more/most beautiful → more beautiful → most beautiful 不规则必考： good/well—better—best bad/ill—worse—worst many/much—more—most little—less—least far—farther/further—farthest/furthest 2）副词变形提醒 副词也要变比较级： fast-faster；carefully-more carefully；well-better 步骤 4：固定搭配 + 翻译验证 核对固定句型，翻译通顺再确定答案 【基础通关】 一、用所给单词适当形式填空 1．What a lovely reading room! It’s one of the ________ (nice) in our school. 2．It is ________ (possible) to walk there in an hour. It’s very far from here. 3．The black hat looks ________ (well) on Tom while the brown one doesn't suit him. 4．You should make a ________ (care) plan before you start. 5．She is ________ (worry) about her sick little dog these days. 6．The door opened ________ (sudden). 7．________ (lucky), we found our way back soon. 8．He did ________ (badly) in the exam than last time. 9．________ (surprising), it took the team only 14 days to decorate the whole house. 10．He walks ________ (far) than me every morning. 二、单项选择 11．Her speech was ________ and made everyone excited. A．lively B．possible C．beyond D．nowadays 12．It’s ________ today. Let’s fly a kite. A．wind B．windy C．winds D．winded 13．This book is ________ interesting ________ that one. I like both. A．as; as B．so; than C．so; as D．as; than 14．Winter is not as ________ as summer here. A．hot B．hotter C．hottest D．the hot 15．The food in Sichuan is much ________ than that in my hometown. A．hot B．hotter C．hottest D．the hottest 16．Emma is one of ________ singers in our music club. She has a wonderful voice. A．good B．better C．best D．the best 17．Lucy is never late for school. She is ________ the first one to come to school. A．often B．always C．usually D．sometimes 18．This house isn’t ________. We have to buy a bigger one. A．small enough B．big enough C．enough small D．enough big 19．________, it didn't rain and we had a great time camping. A．Lucky B．Luckily C．Unlucky D．Unluckily 20．Steve works not as ________ as Kelly. He often makes mistakes in his writing. A．careless B．more carefully C．carefully D．most carefully 三、完形填空 When they are asked who their role model is, most people will name a famous person. I am not like most people. My 21 is a person whom I have known for my whole life. He is my 22 Claudio, and even today he teaches me about life. The day that Claudio 23 me the importance of being a man is the day he left home to go to college. It was a(n) 24 Saturday morning in August. As usual, we were 25 by the sound of our sister playing the piano. She was always playing that 26 instrument (乐器) in the early mornings! After a few minutes of lying in our beds, wishing she would stop, we 27 got up. At that point, we could not fall back asleep. 28 she was likely to play that all day! When we reached the kitchen, there was a surprise for Claudio- 29 favourite breakfast. Mum gave us a big smile and told us to sit down to eat our pancakes. It was a(n) 30 day for everyone. As Claudio’s departure (离开) was not only a new start for him but also a big change for our family. After we finished breakfast, Claudio went upstairs to 31 his luggage (行李). Then, he called me to his room, and I sat down on his bed. He turned to me and nodded. “It’s time, brother,” he said. I thought he was talking about his 32 to leave the house. But he went on to tell me all of the 33 things that I would need to do after he left. Claudio meant that it was time for me to take on a 34 role in the family. At that point, I understood everything. After that, I took my role as the “brother of the house”. With Claudio away, I needed to be there for Mum and Dad 35 they needed me. What have I learned from my brother? I have learned about family, love, and responsibility (责任). 21．A．neighbour B．classmate C．role model D．friend 22．A．father B．teacher C．relative D．brother 23．A．taught B．gave C．bought D．made 24．A．late B．early C．busy D．cold 25．A．given up B．woken up C．turned up D．picked up 26．A．sad B．beautiful C．silly D．expensive 27．A．calmly B．slowly C．quietly D．happily 28．A．After B．But C．And D．Because 29．A．my B．your C．his D．her 30．A．special B．interesting C．educational D．energetic 31．A．check B．wash C．study D．finish 32．A．wish B．luggage C．feeling D．time 33．A．simple B．free C．tiring D．important 34．A．heavier B．bigger C．louder D．higher 35．A．whenever B．wherever C．whoever D．whatever 【培优提升】 四、语法选择 通读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求, 从每题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案, 并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Helen is in Grade Eight. She always smiles at everyone and she’s always glad to help others. But do you know she had a sad story? Helen’s parents died in a fire when she 36 nine years old. After that, her aunt and uncle adopted (收养) her. They sent her to a new school. In that school, Helen knew 37 about her new classmates. She didn’t talk 38 and she was shyer and quieter than most kids. That made it difficult for her to make friends, so she had 39 friends at school. Her aunt and uncle worried about her. However, after making friends 40 a funny girl named Sandy, Helen became 41 than before. Sandy usually tells jokes to make Helen 42 and Helen often helps Sandy with her studies. Now Sandy and Helen are good friends. Helen is really hard-working and she always gets As in her lessons. Sandy says, “Helen studies very 43 . She often helps me with my homework. Now I’m getting 44 grades than before because of her help. 45 she is different from me, I like her very much.” 36．A．is B．was C．are 37．A．everything B．anything C．nothing 38．A．too much B．much too C．too many 39．A．a few B．a little C．few 40．A．for B．with C．over 41．A．more outgoing B．outgoing C．less outgoing 42．A．laughs B．to laugh C．laugh 43．A．hardly B．harder C．hard 44．A．good B．better C．best 45．A．Until B．Unless C．Though 五、选词填空 请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确的形式填空，使文章的意思完整连贯。注意每空一词，每词仅用一次，有两词为多余项。 if  fast  save  good  from  come  you  pull  simple  wave  danger  though Earthquakes usually come without warning. What should you do if an earthquake happens? An earthquake is 46 , but there are still things you can do to protect 47 . Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. Your survival (生存) chances in an earthquake will increase if you can keep calm. Staying calm is not easy, but it can help 48 your life. If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you 49 falling objects (物体). Do not stand near walls or windows and stay out of the kitchen. The kitchen is dangerous because of many glass objects. If you are outside, get to an open area as 50 as you can. Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a car, 51 over to a place where there are no trees or tall buildings and stay in the car. 52 you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge 53 and they can really harm the people around. When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. For example, fire often 54 with an earthquake. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area. Always remember to hope for the 55 but prepare for the worst. 六、短文填空 I still remember my primary school homework on animals. I decided 56 (write) about the whale (鲸鱼). I have loved them from a young age. I’m not quite sure why I love them. It might be something about 57 (they) shape. They have a smooth shape, and their tails look like a heart. They also move so 58 (slow) and beautifully, like a tree dancing in the wind. This way, they seem very clever. So, of course, one of my best 59 (memory) was when I got to see a type of whale called the Southern Right Whale in Argentina. Watching them moving smoothly in the water, I felt 60 (happy) than ever. They 61 (be) so beautiful! And I’m not the only one that loves whales. Different peoples across the world have a special place for whales 62 their hearts. Take the Maori people in New Zealand as 63 example. Living by the ocean, they see whales as guardians (守护者) of the ocean and talk about them a lot in their 64 (tradition) stories. Why was I interested in whales like the Maori people? 65 they need our protection. That’s what my school homework was about—animals we need to protect. Whales play a big role in the ocean. So, protecting whales means protecting the whole ocean. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $