第01讲 可数名词和不可数名词（预习讲义，全国通用）英语小升初衔接

第01讲 可数名词和不可数名词 内容导航 预习目标 新课一点通 新知检测 1.分清两类名词，记住基础不可数名词，掌握基础复数变化，会用 How many/How much 提问。 2.熟练不规则复数，掌握量词结构，区分 many/much/few/little，辨析一词两用名词。 3.灵活用于完形、写作，准确规避单复数、主谓一致易错点，自主归纳同类词汇。 ( 新知导图 ) ( 预习精讲 ) 知识点01 名词的分类 分类 说明 例句 普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示人或事物的个体名称 city城市，panda熊猫，chair椅子，hospital医院，nurse护士 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的总称 public公众，people人们，class班级，family家庭，police警察 不可数名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称 rice大米，snow雪，steel钢铁，cotton棉花，corn玉米，air空气 抽象名词 表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词 courage勇气，determination决心，satisfaction满意，happiness幸福，success成功，love热爱 专有名词 表示人名、地名、国名 London伦敦，Tom汤姆，the Great Wall长城，Asia亚洲 表示书名、电影名、各种标语 Zootopia 《疯狂动物城》 表示机构、组织、团体 UNESCO联合国教科文组织 Beijing University北京大学 表示月份、星期、节日 Monday星期一，National day国庆节 知识点02 可数名词 可数名词有单、复数形式。 （一）名词复数形式的规则变化 1. 一般在名词的结尾加-s，在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音和元音后后读/z/。 exercise→exercises desk→desks 2. 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加-es，读/iz/。 watch→watches box→boxes 3. 以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词，把y变i，再加-es。 factory→factories lady→ladies 4. 以f 或fe结尾的词，一般把f 或fe 改为v，加-es。 wolf→wolves knife→knives 5. 以o结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s。 potato→potatoes piano→pianos 注意： 1. 注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。 American→Americans 美国人 Australian→Australians 澳大利亚人 Canadian→Canadians 加拿大人German→Germans 德国人 Greek→Greeks 希腊人 Indian→Indians 印度人 Russian→Russians 俄罗斯人 2. 有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。 math数学，news新闻，physics物理，politics政治，the United Nations 联合国，the United States美国 【知识拓展】 1. 以o结尾的名词，需加-es的名词有：negro（黑人），hero（英雄），tomato（西红柿），potato（土豆）。可结合顺口溜来记忆这些单词，即＂黑人英雄 西红柿和土豆＂。 2. 以f或fe结尾的名词，须把f或fe变为v，再加-es的名词有：calf（小牛，牛犊），half（一半），knife（小刀），leaf（叶子），life（生活，生命），loaf（长面包），self（自己），shelf（架子），thief（小偷），wife（妻子），wolf（狼）。可结合顺口溜来记忆，即＂妻已架刀命牛郎（狼），半夜（叶）偷包要提防＂（单词顺序为wife，self，shelf，knife，life，calf，wolf，half，leaf，thief，loaf） 3. 以ch结尾的名词：ch发音为/k/的名词，其复数形式直接在词尾加-s，如：stomach→stomachs胃 （二）名词复数的不规则变化 1. 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese sheep→sheep Japanese→Japanese 2. 改变元音字母 man→men woman→women foot→feet tooth→teeth policewoman→policewomen 3. 只有复数形式的名词 trousers scissors pants glasses shoes 4. 其他变化 mouse→mice child→children 【易错警示】 1. fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes，而fish表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为fish。如： different fishes不同种类的鱼 five fish五条鱼 2. works意为＂工厂＂时，单复数形式一样，而work意为＂著作，作品＂时，复数形式是works。如： a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂 a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品 three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品 ( 【 易错提醒 】 1. fish表示鱼的 种类 时，复数形式为 fishes ，而fish表示鱼的 条数 时，复数形式仍为 fish 。如： different fishes 不同种类的鱼 five fish 五条鱼 2. works意为＂工厂＂时，单复数形式一样，而work意为＂著作，作品＂时，复数形式是works。如： a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂 a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品 three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品 ) 知识点03 不可数名词 一般情况下，专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义，从而也表现出可数与不可数性。 1. 常见的不可数名词 不能用具体的数字来表示。 cotton棉花，food食物，hair头发，health健康，ice冰，wind风 2. 可转化为可数名词的物资名称 （1）有些物质名词在表达个体概念时，是可数名词。 rain雨→a rain一场雨，wind风→a wind一阵风，beer啤酒→a beer一杯啤酒，paper纸→a paper一份论文 （2）有些物质名词的复数形式表示特殊含义。 Water水→waters海域，wood木头→woods森林，custom习惯→customs海关 3. 可转化为可数名词的抽象名词 抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时，被视为可数名词，可与不定冠词连用，也可有复数形式，表示＂某种人或事＂。 disappointment失望→a disappointment令人失望的事，experience经验→an experience 一次经历， success成功→a success成功的人或事 4. 可转化为可数名词的专有名词 有的专有名词也可以用作可数名词，可以由不定冠词修饰，也可有复数形式。 ►A Mr Black is waiting for you. 一个叫布莱克的先生在等你。 知识点04 修饰名词的限定词（核心考点） 1. 只修饰可数名词复数 many 许多；few 几乎没有；a few 有一点；several 几个 many apples；a few students 2. 只修饰不可数名词 much 许多；little 几乎没有；a little 有一点 much rice；a little water 3. 既可修饰可数复数，也可修饰不可数 some /any/a lot of /lots of some books 一些书；some juice 一些果汁 any 多用于否定、疑问句 易混辨析 few /a few /little/a little a few + 可数复数：有一些（肯定） few + 可数复数：几乎没有（否定） a little + 不可数：有一点（肯定） little + 不可数：几乎没有（否定） 知识点05 how much 和how many区别 1.所修饰词不同 (1)how much用来修饰不可数名词，表示数量，也可单独使用。 它的句式是：How much+不可数名词+一般疑问句? 如：How much milk is there in the glass? 玻璃杯里有多少牛奶? (2)how many用来修饰可数名词的复数，表示数量 它的句式是：How many+可数名词的复数+一般疑问句? 如：How many apples do you have?你有多少苹果? 2.用法不同： (1)How much 表示多少，用来询问价格，重量等。 如：How much is this dress? 这件连衣裙多少钱? How much does the boy weigh? 这个男孩有多重? (2)How many 表示多少，用来询问可数名词的数量 如：How many sheep do you have?你有多少只羊? ( 【常见易错点总结】 1. advice、news、information 永远不可数，无 s 一条建议：a piece of advice（不能 an advice） 2. people 本身是复数，单数人：a person 3. 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数The water is hot. 不能说 a bread /a rice，必须用量词 a piece of bread 4. 复合名词变复数，中心词变复数 boy students；women teachers（man/woman 前后都变） ) ( 【 典例示范 】 1．You can see many animals on the farm. There are lots of ________ and some ________ here. A．chickens; geese B．chickens; goose C．chicken; geese D．chicken; goose 2．—Do you know how many ________ a horse has and how many ________ a bee has? —Sorry, I don’t know. A．teeth; feet B．tooth; foot C．feet; teeth D．teeth; foot ) ( 【 牛刀小试 】 1．—How many ________ do you want? —Two, please. A．kilo of eggs B．kilos of egg C．kilos of eggs D．kilo of egg 2 ．They are from ________. They are both ________. A．Germany; Germen B．German; Germany C．Germany; Germans 3 ．—How many ________ doctors are there in your hospital, David? —________ them ________ over one hundred. A．woman；The number of；is B．women；A number of；are C．woman；A number of；is D．women；The number of；is ) ( 4 ．I’d like two ________ and some ________. A．egg; milk B．eggs; milk C．egg; milks D．eggs; milks 5 ．Come on, baby. Help yourself (随便吃) to some _________. A．fishes and chicken B．fishes and chickens C．fish and chickens D．fish and chicken 6 ．—Can I help you? —I would like ________ for my twin daughters. A．two pair of shoes B．two pairs of shoe C．two pair of shoe D．two pairs of shoes ) ( 基础过关 ) 一、单词拼写 1．I see seven ________ (cow). They are black and white. 2．He eats too many ________ (sandwich). It’s bad for his health. 3．People wear hats in _________ (desert) to keep cool. 4．We often visit ________ (zoo) on weekends with friends. 5．The two boys are in different ________ (class). 6．I’m happy to be ________ (friend) with her. 7．Can you hang out with your friends on ________ (weekday)? 8．My sister likes playing table tennis very much. Her favourite ________ (play) is Ma Long. 9．As a ________ (travel), Mary has visited more than 20 countries. 10．I love ________ (animal) very much. 二、单项选择 11．—Where are the two big and lively ________ you caught from the river today? —On the plate now.Help yourself to some ________. A．fishes; fish B．fishes; fishes C．fish; fish D．fish; fishes 12．—What animals can you see on the farm? —I can see some ________, many ________ and cows. A．geese; chickens B．goose; chickens C．geese; chicken 13．All the girl students and ________ at our school will receive flowers on Women’s Day. A．woman teacher B．women teacher C．woman teachers D．women teachers 14．I need to buy two ________ of rice and three ________ of milk. A．bags; pieces B．bags; bottles C．kilos; sets D．boxes; pairs 15．—What do you want to eat? —Two ______ and some ______. A．apple; chicken B．apple; chickens C．apples; chickens D．apples; chicken 16．—What do you like for dinner? —I like ______, but he likes eating ______. A．tomato; chicken B．tomatoes; chicken C．tomatoes; chickens D．tomato; chickens 17．—Can I help you? —Yes. _________ , please. A．Two pair of socks B．Two pairs of socks C．Two pairs of sock 18．—I want to play basketball after finishing my homework, but I have ________ homework to do. Could you wait for me a minute? —OK, I must finish my homework first, too. A．few B．little C．a few D．a little 19．Would you like some ________ and ________ to eat? A．carrots; chickens B．cabbages; potatoes C．beefs; potatoes D．muttons; carrots 20．The security guards have a lot of ______ to do because of the valuable ______ of art in the museum. A．work; work B．work; works C．works; work D．works; works ( 能力提升 ) 一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Some 1 (child) are introducing their favorite sports. Let’s see what they are. I am Jenny. I’m 2 English girl. There 3 (be) one baseball and six badminton balls in my room. I like doing outdoor activities. My favorite sport is baseball. It’s interesting to play baseball after school with my classmate Tim on 4 (sun) days. I am Mike. Football is difficult (困难的) 5 I like to play it. My brother Jack likes football, too. Jack also 6 (enjoy) baseball. We keep 7 (play) football with some of our friends in the park on weekends. I think sports are good 8 us. I am Lucy. Can you play badminton? I can play it 9 (good). My favorite star is Lin Dan. I want to be a sports star like 10 (he). He is great. 二、完形填空 Hello, everyone! Welcome to our city zoo. There are many kinds of 1 here. Let’s go and see them. Look! The tall animal with a long neck is a 2 . It eats leaves and it is very friendly. Next to it are some 3 . They like cold weather and they can swim well. Many kids love them because they look cute. What are those over there? They are tigers. Tigers are very 4 . Most people are afraid of them. They usually live alone and like to eat meat. I also see some monkeys. They are 5 and always run and jump around. They like playing with each other. Now many wild animals are in 6 . People cut down too many trees, so they lose their homes. Some people also kill animals for money. We must do something to 7 them. Animals are our good 8 . It’s important for us to get on well 9 them. Let’s make a big 10 to help these lovely animals. 1．A．fruits B．animals C．flowers D．trees 2．A．giraffe B．panda C．lion D．koala 3．A．cats B．dogs C．penguins D．birds 4．A．lazy B．shy C．scary D．quiet 5．A．boring B．noisy C．difficult D．strict 6．A．time B．fun C．danger D．group 7．A．forget B．help C．watch D．follow 8．A．friends B．teachers C．doctors D．workers 9．A．at B．for C．with D．of 10．A．rule B．story C．dream D．effort ( 挑战一刻 )（学生选做） 一、任务型阅读 Many countries around the world have their own special and colourful traditional clothes. The Japanese kimono (和服) is one of the world’s most famous traditional clothes. Both women and men, as well as girls and boys, can wear kimonos. There are different kimonos for different celebrations (庆祝活动) and seasons. For example, during cherry blossom season, people might wear light pink or white kimonos to match the beautiful flowers. For festivals, they might choose bright and colourful ones to show their joy. The traditional kimono is very beautiful. At weddings, women wear white kimonos and white headdresses (头饰). Men wear black kimonos. At funerals (葬礼), both women and men wear black kimonos. For traditional celebrations, women wear kimonos in bright colours. Today Japanese people only wear kimonos for special events. Kimonos are very expensive. This is one reason why people don’t wear them very often. Another reason is that many people do not know how to put on a traditional kimono. In Japan, there are special schools, and teachers there teach people how to put on a traditional kimono. It is very difficult and takes a lot of time. Putting on a kimono usually has four steps. First you put on the underwear (内衣) and the white socks. Next you put on the under-kimono. Then you put on the kimono. Finally, you put on and tie the obi (宽腰带). You can tie the obi in many different ways. Traditional 1 kimonos People like to wear different 2 of kimonos for different celebrations and seasons. At weddings Men 3 kimonos 4 white kimonos and white headdresses At funerals 5 men and women wear black kimonos. 6 people wear kimonos only on special occasions ●They are very 7 . ●Many people do not know the 8 to put on a kimono. 9 of putting on a kimono ●Put on the underwear and the white 10 . ●Put on the under-kimono. ●Put on the kimono. ●Put on and tie the obi. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 可数名词和不可数名词 内容导航 预习目标 新课一点通 新知检测 1.分清两类名词，记住基础不可数名词，掌握基础复数变化，会用 How many/How much 提问。 2.熟练不规则复数，掌握量词结构，区分 many/much/few/little，辨析一词两用名词。 3.灵活用于完形、写作，准确规避单复数、主谓一致易错点，自主归纳同类词汇。 ( 新知导图 ) ( 预习精讲 ) 知识点01 名词的分类 分类 说明 例句 普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示人或事物的个体名称 city城市，panda熊猫，chair椅子，hospital医院，nurse护士 集体名词 表示一群人或一些事物的总称 public公众，people人们，class班级，family家庭，police警察 不可数名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的物质或材料的名称 rice大米，snow雪，steel钢铁，cotton棉花，corn玉米，air空气 抽象名词 表示行为、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的名词 courage勇气，determination决心，satisfaction满意，happiness幸福，success成功，love热爱 专有名词 表示人名、地名、国名 London伦敦，Tom汤姆，the Great Wall长城，Asia亚洲 表示书名、电影名、各种标语 Zootopia 《疯狂动物城》 表示机构、组织、团体 UNESCO联合国教科文组织 Beijing University北京大学 表示月份、星期、节日 Monday星期一，National day国庆节 知识点02 可数名词 可数名词有单、复数形式。 （一）名词复数形式的规则变化 1. 一般在名词的结尾加-s，在清辅音后读/s/，在浊辅音和元音后后读/z/。 exercise→exercises desk→desks 2. 以s、x、ch、sh结尾的名词加-es，读/iz/。 watch→watches box→boxes 3. 以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的词，把y变i，再加-es。 factory→factories lady→ladies 4. 以f 或fe结尾的词，一般把f 或fe 改为v，加-es。 wolf→wolves knife→knives 5. 以o结尾的可数名词，有生命的加-es，无生命的加-s。 potato→potatoes piano→pianos 注意： 1. 注意以下名词的复数形式是在词尾加-s。 American→Americans 美国人 Australian→Australians 澳大利亚人 Canadian→Canadians 加拿大人German→Germans 德国人 Greek→Greeks 希腊人 Indian→Indians 印度人 Russian→Russians 俄罗斯人 2. 有些名词表面为复数形式，实为单数。 math数学，news新闻，physics物理，politics政治，the United Nations 联合国，the United States美国 【知识拓展】 1. 以o结尾的名词，需加-es的名词有：negro（黑人），hero（英雄），tomato（西红柿），potato（土豆）。可结合顺口溜来记忆这些单词，即＂黑人英雄 西红柿和土豆＂。 2. 以f或fe结尾的名词，须把f或fe变为v，再加-es的名词有：calf（小牛，牛犊），half（一半），knife（小刀），leaf（叶子），life（生活，生命），loaf（长面包），self（自己），shelf（架子），thief（小偷），wife（妻子），wolf（狼）。可结合顺口溜来记忆，即＂妻已架刀命牛郎（狼），半夜（叶）偷包要提防＂（单词顺序为wife，self，shelf，knife，life，calf，wolf，half，leaf，thief，loaf） 3. 以ch结尾的名词：ch发音为/k/的名词，其复数形式直接在词尾加-s，如：stomach→stomachs胃 （二）名词复数的不规则变化 1. 单复数同形 Chinese→Chinese sheep→sheep Japanese→Japanese 2. 改变元音字母 man→men woman→women foot→feet tooth→teeth policewoman→policewomen 3. 只有复数形式的名词 trousers scissors pants glasses shoes 4. 其他变化 mouse→mice child→children 【易错警示】 1. fish表示鱼的种类时，复数形式为fishes，而fish表示鱼的条数时，复数形式仍为fish。如： different fishes不同种类的鱼 five fish五条鱼 2. works意为＂工厂＂时，单复数形式一样，而work意为＂著作，作品＂时，复数形式是works。如： a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂 a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品 three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品 ( 【 易错提醒 】 1. fish表示鱼的 种类 时，复数形式为 fishes ，而fish表示鱼的 条数 时，复数形式仍为 fish 。如： different fishes 不同种类的鱼 five fish 五条鱼 2. works意为＂工厂＂时，单复数形式一样，而work意为＂著作，作品＂时，复数形式是works。如： a chemical works 一座化工厂 three chemical works 三座化工厂 a work by Mo Yan 一部莫言的作品 three works by Mo Yan 三部莫言的作品 ) 知识点03 不可数名词 一般情况下，专有名词、物质名称、抽象名词为不可数名词。不可数名词一般没有复数形式，但有些名词在不同的语境下有不同的含义，从而也表现出可数与不可数性。 1. 常见的不可数名词 不能用具体的数字来表示。 cotton棉花，food食物，hair头发，health健康，ice冰，wind风 2. 可转化为可数名词的物资名称 （1）有些物质名词在表达个体概念时，是可数名词。 rain雨→a rain一场雨，wind风→a wind一阵风，beer啤酒→a beer一杯啤酒，paper纸→a paper一份论文 （2）有些物质名词的复数形式表示特殊含义。 Water水→waters海域，wood木头→woods森林，custom习惯→customs海关 3. 可转化为可数名词的抽象名词 抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时，被视为可数名词，可与不定冠词连用，也可有复数形式，表示＂某种人或事＂。 disappointment失望→a disappointment令人失望的事，experience经验→an experience 一次经历， success成功→a success成功的人或事 4. 可转化为可数名词的专有名词 有的专有名词也可以用作可数名词，可以由不定冠词修饰，也可有复数形式。 ►A Mr Black is waiting for you. 一个叫布莱克的先生在等你。 知识点04 修饰名词的限定词（核心考点） 1. 只修饰可数名词复数 many 许多；few 几乎没有；a few 有一点；several 几个 many apples；a few students 2. 只修饰不可数名词 much 许多；little 几乎没有；a little 有一点 much rice；a little water 3. 既可修饰可数复数，也可修饰不可数 some /any/a lot of /lots of some books 一些书；some juice 一些果汁 any 多用于否定、疑问句 易混辨析 few /a few /little/a little a few + 可数复数：有一些（肯定） few + 可数复数：几乎没有（否定） a little + 不可数：有一点（肯定） little + 不可数：几乎没有（否定） 知识点05 how much 和how many区别 1.所修饰词不同 (1)how much用来修饰不可数名词，表示数量，也可单独使用。 它的句式是：How much+不可数名词+一般疑问句? 如：How much milk is there in the glass? 玻璃杯里有多少牛奶? (2)how many用来修饰可数名词的复数，表示数量 它的句式是：How many+可数名词的复数+一般疑问句? 如：How many apples do you have?你有多少苹果? 2.用法不同： (1)How much 表示多少，用来询问价格，重量等。 如：How much is this dress? 这件连衣裙多少钱? How much does the boy weigh? 这个男孩有多重? (2)How many 表示多少，用来询问可数名词的数量 如：How many sheep do you have?你有多少只羊? ( 【常见易错点总结】 1. advice、news、information 永远不可数，无 s 一条建议：a piece of advice（不能 an advice） 2. people 本身是复数，单数人：a person 3. 不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数The water is hot. 不能说 a bread /a rice，必须用量词 a piece of bread 4. 复合名词变复数，中心词变复数 boy students；women teachers（man/woman 前后都变） ) ( 【 典例示范 】 1．You can see many animals on the farm. There are lots of ________ and some ________ here. A．chickens; geese B．chickens; goose C．chicken; geese D．chicken; goose 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你可以在农场看到许多动物。这里有很多鸡和一些鹅。根据“lots of”和“some”可知，后面应接可数名词复数形式。chicken的复数是chickens，goose的复数是不规则变化geese。 2．—Do you know how many ________ a horse has and how many ________ a bee has? —Sorry, I don’t know. A．teeth; feet B．tooth; foot C．feet; teeth D．teeth; foot 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道一匹马有多少颗牙齿，一只蜜蜂有多少只脚吗？——抱歉，我不知道。how many意为“多少”，后接可数名词复数形式。tooth的复数是teeth，foot的复数是feet。根据语法规则，两处空白均应填复数名词。 ) ( 【 牛刀小试 】 1．—How many ________ do you want? —Two, please. A．kilo of eggs B．kilos of egg C．kilos of eggs D．kilo of egg 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想要多少公斤鸡蛋？——请给我两公斤。根据“How many”及答语“Two”可知，单位“kilo”需用复数“kilos”；“egg”为可数名词，此处表示多量，应用复数“eggs”。应填kilos of eggs。 2 ．They are from ________. They are both ________. A．Germany; Germen B．German; Germany C．Germany; Germans 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他们来自德国。他们俩都是德国人。Germany德国；German德国人；Germans德国人（German 的复数形式）。第一空be from后接国家名，故用Germany；第二空表示他们是德国人，主语They是复数，用复数形式Germans。 3 ．—How many ________ doctors are there in your hospital, David? —________ them ________ over one hundred. A．woman；The number of；is B．women；A number of；are C．woman；A number of；is D．women；The number of；is ) ( 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——戴维，你们医院有多少女医生？——她们的数量超过一百。考查名词作定语和主谓一致。第一空：名词作定语时，通常用单数形式，但“woman”和“man”修饰复数名词时需变为复数“women/men”，此处修饰复数名词“doctors”，故用“women”；第二空和第三空：“The number of”意为“……的数量”，作主语时谓语动词用单数；“A number of”意为“许多”，修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数，根据答语“over one hundred”可知是描述总数量，应用“The number of...is”。故选D。 4 ．I’d like two ________ and some ________. A．egg; milk B．eggs; milk C．egg; milks D．eggs; milks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想要两个鸡蛋和一些牛奶。 根据数词two可知，其后应接可数名词复数，egg的复数形式是eggs；some后可接可数名词复数或不可数名词，milk是不可数名词，没有复数形式。应填eggs；milk。 5 ．Come on, baby. Help yourself (随便吃) to some _________. A．fishes and chicken B．fishes and chickens C．fish and chickens D．fish and chicken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：来吧，宝贝。请随便吃点鱼和鸡。考查名词用法。根据“Help yourself to ...”可推出是随便吃点食物，fish在此处表示“鱼肉”，不可数，chicken在此处表示“鸡肉”，不可数。故选D。 6 ．—Can I help you? —I would like ________ for my twin daughters. A．two pair of shoes B．two pairs of shoe C．two pair of shoe D．two pairs of shoes 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——需要我帮忙吗？——我想给我的双胞胎女儿买两双鞋。考查名词的数。pair“一双”，其复数形式为pairs，当表示多双时，需用复数形式：pairs of，two pairs of shoes意为“两双鞋”。故选D。 ) ( 基础过关 ) 一、单词拼写 1．I see seven ________ (cow). They are black and white. 【答案】cows 【详解】句意：我看见七头奶牛。它们是黑白相间的。句中“seven”为大于一的基数词，后接可数名词复数形式，cow的复数形式为cows。 2．He eats too many ________ (sandwich). It’s bad for his health. 【答案】sandwiches 【详解】句意：他吃太多三明治。这对他身体有害。空格处在句中作及物动词eats的宾语。由于其前有表示数量的修饰词“too many”，其后必须接可数名词的复数形式。sandwich的复数形式为sandwiches。 3．People wear hats in _________ (desert) to keep cool. 【答案】deserts 【详解】句意：人们在沙漠中戴帽子来保持凉爽。空格处在句中作介词in的宾语。desert为可数名词，此处用于表示泛指概念“在沙漠里”，需使用复数形式deserts。 4．We often visit ________ (zoo) on weekends with friends. 【答案】zoos 【详解】句意：我们经常在周末和朋友一起去动物园。“zoo”为可数名词，此处表示泛指多个动物园或多次去动物园，需用复数形式“zoos”。 5．The two boys are in different ________ (class). 【答案】classes 【详解】句意：这两个男孩在不同的班级。different后接可数名词复数，class的复数形式是classes，意为“班级”。 6．I’m happy to be ________ (friend) with her. 【答案】friends 【详解】句意：我很高兴和她成为朋友。be friends with sb.是固定搭配，表示“和某人交朋友”。 7．Can you hang out with your friends on ________ (weekday)? 【答案】weekdays 【详解】句意：你可以在工作日和你的朋友一起出去玩吗？“on weekdays”是固定短语，意为“在工作日”，需用名词复数形式“weekdays”。 8．My sister likes playing table tennis very much. Her favourite ________ (play) is Ma Long. 【答案】player 【详解】句意：我妹妹非常喜欢打乒乓球。她最喜欢的运动员是马龙。空格前形容词 favourite（最喜欢的）修饰名词，空格后系动词is说明此处填单数名词，后文Ma Long是乒乓球选手，play（动词，打球）需变形为player（名词，运动员、选手），故填player。 9．As a ________ (travel), Mary has visited more than 20 countries. 【答案】traveller 【详解】句意：作为一名旅行者，玛丽已经访问了20多个国家。根据“a”及“has visited”提示，需填可数名词单数形式作宾语。“旅行者”为名词traveller。 10．I love ________ (animal) very much. 【答案】animals 【详解】句意：我非常喜欢动物。animal“动物”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指各类动物，需用复数形式animals。故填animals。 二、单项选择 11．—Where are the two big and lively ________ you caught from the river today? —On the plate now.Help yourself to some ________. A．fishes; fish B．fishes; fishes C．fish; fish D．fish; fishes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你今天从河里抓到的两条又大又活泼的鱼在哪里？——现在在盘子里。请随便吃点鱼肉。 fish表示“鱼的数量”时单复数同形；表示“鱼肉”时为不可数名词；表示“多种鱼类”时复数为fishes。第一空根据“two”可知指两条活鱼，用fish；第二空根据“On the plate”可知指鱼肉，用fish。故应填fish；fish。 12．—What animals can you see on the farm? —I can see some ________, many ________ and cows. A．geese; chickens B．goose; chickens C．geese; chicken 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能在农场看到什么动物？——我能看到一些鹅、许多只鸡和牛。考查名词。goose鹅，其复数形式为geese；chicken鸡，其复数形式为chickens。第一空有some修饰，用复数名词geese；第二空有many修饰，用复数名词chickens。故选A。 13．All the girl students and ________ at our school will receive flowers on Women’s Day. A．woman teacher B．women teacher C．woman teachers D．women teachers 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们学校所有的女学生和女教师都会在妇女节收到鲜花。考查复合名词的复数形式。woman teacher“女教师”，All后跟名词复数，故空处指“女教师们”，其变化规则为两个名词都应变成其复数形式，其复数形式为women teachers。故选D。 14．I need to buy two ________ of rice and three ________ of milk. A．bags; pieces B．bags; bottles C．kilos; sets D．boxes; pairs 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我需要买两袋大米和三瓶牛奶。bags; pieces袋；片；bags; bottles袋；瓶；kilos; sets公斤；套；boxes; pairs盒；双。rice意为“大米”，常用bags或kilos计量；milk意为“牛奶”，是液体，常用bottles计量，故“two bags of rice”和“three bottles of milk”为最自然的搭配。 15．—What do you want to eat? —Two ______ and some ______. A．apple; chicken B．apple; chickens C．apples; chickens D．apples; chicken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你想吃什么？——两个苹果和一些鸡肉。考查可数名词与不可数名词。some后跟可数名词复数或不可数名词。apple“苹果”，可数名词；chicken“鸡肉”，不可数名词，“小鸡”，可数名词。由“Two”可知，第一空要用可数名词复数apples；由“What do you want to eat?”可知，想吃的是鸡肉，不可数，用chicken。故选D。 16．—What do you like for dinner? —I like ______, but he likes eating ______. A．tomato; chicken B．tomatoes; chicken C．tomatoes; chickens D．tomato; chickens 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你们晚餐喜欢吃什么？——我喜欢西红柿，但是他喜欢吃鸡肉。考查名词的数。第一空前无限定词，所以用复数表示类别，排除AD；空二处表示“鸡肉”，chicken是不可数名词。故选B。 17．—Can I help you? —Yes. _________ , please. A．Two pair of socks B．Two pairs of socks C．Two pairs of sock 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我能帮你吗？——是的，请给我拿两双袜子。考查名词复数。sock“袜子”，可数名词，“两双袜子”应表达为two pairs of socks，此时pair和sock都应用复数形式。故选B。 18．—I want to play basketball after finishing my homework, but I have ________ homework to do. Could you wait for me a minute? —OK, I must finish my homework first, too. A．few B．little C．a few D．a little 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我想做完作业后打篮球，但我还有一些作业要做。你能等我一下吗？——好的，我也必须先完成我的作业。 few很少（修饰可数名词，表否定）；little很少（修饰不可数名词，表否定）；a few一些（修饰可数名词，表肯定）；a little一些（修饰不可数名词，表肯定）。homework为不可数名词，根据“I want to play basketball after homework”和“Could you wait for me a minute”可知，说话者还有一些作业要做，表肯定，应用a little。 19．Would you like some ________ and ________ to eat? A．carrots; chickens B．cabbages; potatoes C．beefs; potatoes D．muttons; carrots 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你想要吃一些卷心菜和土豆吗？carrots胡萝卜，可数名词复数；chicken鸡肉（不可数名词）、鸡（可数）；cabbages，卷心菜，可数名词复数；potatoes土豆，可数名词复数；beef牛肉，不可数名词；mutton羊肉，不可数名词。some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词。故选B。 20．The security guards have a lot of ______ to do because of the valuable ______ of art in the museum. A．work; work B．work; works C．works; work D．works; works 【答案】B 【详解】句意：保安有许多工作要做，因为博物馆里有许多珍贵的艺术作品。 work作为工作讲时是不可数名词，第一个空表示要完成的工作，a lot of可以修饰不可数名词work，因此第一个空填work；work表示作品、著作时是可数名词，习惯用复数形式works，works of art表示“艺术作品”，因此填works，只有B选项符合要求。 ( 能力提升 ) 一、短文填空 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Some 1 (child) are introducing their favorite sports. Let’s see what they are. I am Jenny. I’m 2 English girl. There 3 (be) one baseball and six badminton balls in my room. I like doing outdoor activities. My favorite sport is baseball. It’s interesting to play baseball after school with my classmate Tim on 4 (sun) days. I am Mike. Football is difficult (困难的) 5 I like to play it. My brother Jack likes football, too. Jack also 6 (enjoy) baseball. We keep 7 (play) football with some of our friends in the park on weekends. I think sports are good 8 us. I am Lucy. Can you play badminton? I can play it 9 (good). My favorite star is Lin Dan. I want to be a sports star like 10 (he). He is great. 【答案】 1．children 2．an 3．is 4．sunny 5．but 6．enjoys 7．playing 8．for 9．well 10．him 【导语】本文是Jenny、Mike和Lucy三个孩子分别介绍了自己最喜欢的体育运动及相关情况。 【详解】1．句意：一些孩子正在介绍他们最喜欢的体育运动。Some后接可数名词复数形式，child的复数形式为children。 2．句意：我是一个英国女孩。此处泛指一个英国女孩，且English是元音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词an修饰。 3．句意：我的房间里有一个棒球和六个羽毛球。全文主体时态是一般现在时，句子是there be句型，遵循“就近原则”，最近的主语one baseball是第三人称单数，be用is。 4．句意：晴天放学后和我的同学Tim打棒球很有趣。空处修饰名词days，用形容词作定语，sun的形容词形式为sunny。 5．句意：足球很难，但是我喜欢踢足球。空前后句是转折关系，用but连接。 6．句意：Jack也喜欢棒球。全文主体时态是一般现在时，主语Jack是第三人称单数，谓语动词enjoy要变为第三人称单数形式enjoys。 7．句意：周末我们坚持和几个朋友在公园踢足球。keep doing sth“坚持做某事”，空处用play的动名词形式playing，作宾语。 8．句意：我认为运动对我们有益。be good for是固定短语，表示“对……有好处”。 9．句意：我能够打得很好。空处修饰动词play，需用副词形式，good的副词形式为well。 10．句意：我想要成为像他一样的体育明星。like是介词，后跟代词宾格作宾语，he的宾格形式是him。 二、完形填空 Hello, everyone! Welcome to our city zoo. There are many kinds of 1 here. Let’s go and see them. Look! The tall animal with a long neck is a 2 . It eats leaves and it is very friendly. Next to it are some 3 . They like cold weather and they can swim well. Many kids love them because they look cute. What are those over there? They are tigers. Tigers are very 4 . Most people are afraid of them. They usually live alone and like to eat meat. I also see some monkeys. They are 5 and always run and jump around. They like playing with each other. Now many wild animals are in 6 . People cut down too many trees, so they lose their homes. Some people also kill animals for money. We must do something to 7 them. Animals are our good 8 . It’s important for us to get on well 9 them. Let’s make a big 10 to help these lovely animals. 1．A．fruits B．animals C．flowers D．trees 2．A．giraffe B．panda C．lion D．koala 3．A．cats B．dogs C．penguins D．birds 4．A．lazy B．shy C．scary D．quiet 5．A．boring B．noisy C．difficult D．strict 6．A．time B．fun C．danger D．group 7．A．forget B．help C．watch D．follow 8．A．friends B．teachers C．doctors D．workers 9．A．at B．for C．with D．of 10．A．rule B．story C．dream D．effort 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文介绍了城市动物园里的几种动物及其习性，并呼吁大家保护处于危险中的野生动物，与动物和谐相处。 【详解】1．句意：这里有很多种类的动物。 根据“Welcome to our city zoo”，可知动物园里主要展示的是动物，动物园里有动物符合逻辑，故选animals表示“动物”符合语境。 2．句意：那个长着长脖子的高大动物是长颈鹿。 根据“tall animal with a long neck”，可知长脖子高大动物是长颈鹿，只有长颈鹿符合长脖子特征，故选giraffe表示“长颈鹿”符合语境。 3．句意：它旁边是一些企鹅。 根据“like cold weather and they can swim well”，可知喜欢寒冷且擅长游泳的是企鹅，企鹅的习性符合描述，故选penguins表示“企鹅”符合语境。 4．句意：老虎非常吓人。 根据“Most people are afraid of them”，可知老虎让人害怕，是吓人的，故选scary表示“可怕的”符合语境。 5．句意：它们很吵闹，总是跑来跳去。 根据“always run and jump around”，可知活动多且喧闹，跑跳伴随声音，符合猴子活泼的天性，故选noisy表示“吵闹的”符合语境。 6．句意：现在许多野生动物处于危险中。 根据“lose their homes...kill animals”，可知动物处境危险，in danger为固定搭配，表示“处于危险之中”，故选danger表示“危险”符合语境。 7．句意：我们必须做些事情来帮助它们。 根据语境呼吁保护动物，可知是要帮助它们，保护动物需要帮助，故选help表示“帮助”符合语境。 8．句意：动物是我们的好朋友。 根据常识及下文“get on well”，可知动物是人类的朋友，人与动物和谐相处即朋友关系，故选friends表示“朋友”符合语境。 9．句意：与它们和睦相处对我们来说很重要。 根据固定搭配get on well with sb表示“与某人和睦相处”，可知此处需用介词with，符合搭配。 10．句意：让我们做出巨大努力来帮助这些可爱的动物。 帮助动物需要付出努力，根据固定搭配make an effort表示“做出努力”可知，此处应填effort表示“努力”符合语境。 ( 挑战一刻 )（学生选做） 一、任务型阅读 Many countries around the world have their own special and colourful traditional clothes. The Japanese kimono (和服) is one of the world’s most famous traditional clothes. Both women and men, as well as girls and boys, can wear kimonos. There are different kimonos for different celebrations (庆祝活动) and seasons. For example, during cherry blossom season, people might wear light pink or white kimonos to match the beautiful flowers. For festivals, they might choose bright and colourful ones to show their joy. The traditional kimono is very beautiful. At weddings, women wear white kimonos and white headdresses (头饰). Men wear black kimonos. At funerals (葬礼), both women and men wear black kimonos. For traditional celebrations, women wear kimonos in bright colours. Today Japanese people only wear kimonos for special events. Kimonos are very expensive. This is one reason why people don’t wear them very often. Another reason is that many people do not know how to put on a traditional kimono. In Japan, there are special schools, and teachers there teach people how to put on a traditional kimono. It is very difficult and takes a lot of time. Putting on a kimono usually has four steps. First you put on the underwear (内衣) and the white socks. Next you put on the under-kimono. Then you put on the kimono. Finally, you put on and tie the obi (宽腰带). You can tie the obi in many different ways. Traditional 1 kimonos People like to wear different 2 of kimonos for different celebrations and seasons. At weddings Men 3 kimonos 4 white kimonos and white headdresses At funerals 5 men and women wear black kimonos. 6 people wear kimonos only on special occasions ●They are very 7 . ●Many people do not know the 8 to put on a kimono. 9 of putting on a kimono ●Put on the underwear and the white 10 . ●Put on the under-kimono. ●Put on the kimono. ●Put on and tie the obi. 【答案】 1．Japanese 2．types/kinds 3．black 4．Women 5．Both 6．Why 7．expensive 8．ways/steps 9．Steps 10．socks 【导语】本文主要介绍了日本的传统服饰和服，包括其穿着场合、颜色搭配、现代穿着习惯以及穿着步骤。 【详解】1．文章第一段第二句“The Japanese kimono (和服) is one of the world’s most famous traditional clothes.”指出，本文介绍的是日本和服，因此第一空填入“Japanese”。 2．文章第一段第四句“There are different kimonos for different celebrations (庆祝活动) and seasons.”指出，人们会根据不同时节、活动穿不同款式和服，因此第二空填入“types/kinds”。 3．文章第二段第二句“Men wear black kimonos.”指出，婚礼上男士穿黑色和服，因此第三空填入“black”。 4．文章第二段第一句“At weddings, women wear white kimonos and white headdresses (头饰).”指出，婚礼上女士身着白色和服与白色头饰，置于句首，首字母需大写，因此第四空填入“Women”。 5．文章第二段第三句“At funerals (葬礼), both women and men wear black kimonos.”指出，葬礼上男女都穿黑色和服，置于句首，首字母需大写，both…and…“两者都”，因此第五空填入“Both”。 6．文章第三段“Kimonos are very expensive. This is one reason why people don’t wear them very often. Another reason is that many people do not know how to put on a traditional kimono.”依次介绍如今日本人很少穿和服的两点原因，对应表格提问缘由，Why询问原因，置于句首，首字母大写，因此第六空填入“Why”。 7．文章第三段第二句“Kimonos are very expensive.”指出，和服价格十分昂贵，系动词are后接形容词做表语，因此第七空填入“expensive”。 8．文章第三段第四句“Another reason is that many people do not know how to put on a traditional kimono.”指出，很多人不知道穿戴和服的方法/步骤，此处需填入表示“方法/步骤”的名词，且穿衣方法/步骤不止一个，需用名词复数，因此第八空填入“ways/steps”。 9．文章第四段第一句“Putting on a kimono usually has four steps.”指出，后文介绍穿戴和服的流程步骤，因此第九空填入“Steps”。 10．文章第四段第二句“First you put on the underwear (内衣) and the white socks.”指出，第一步要穿上内衣与白袜子，因此第十空填入“socks”。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $