内容正文:
衔接点08 动词和动词短语(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学视角
初中展望
1.掌握 be 动词、基础情态动词、助动词用法;
2.动词三单、现在分词、过去式三类变形;
3.掌握常见动词短语
1.掌握动词的分类
2.扩充情态动词用法、词义辨析与推测功能;
3.高频考查近义动词辨析、延续 / 非延续动词转换。
4.常见动词短语搭配
衔接引导
小学阶段:小学阶段主要侧重认识各类动词、熟记动词变形与基础短语,依靠时间标志词、固定搭配答题,侧重识记与基础套用,题型简单直白。
常见题型为:
① 用所给单词的正确形式填空
② 单项选择题
③ 选词填空
④ 连词成句、看图写句子
初中阶段:初中阶段要求系统掌握动词用法,深化时态运用,新增语态、非谓语动词等考点,侧重语境辨析、语法综合运用,出题灵活且综合性强,题型覆盖面更广。
主要的题型为:
① 用所给单词的适当形式填空
② 单项选择题(词义、用法、短语辨析)
③ 句型转换(时态、主动被动转换)
④ 句子改错
⑤ 完形填空、短文填空
⑥ 书面表达(短语与句式运用)
小学动词和动词短语考点梳理
考点一:动词的分类(小学重点掌握4类)
类型
说明
小学常见例词
考点例句
实义动词
有完整意义,能独立作谓语
run, eat, read, play, like, want
I like apples.
She reads every day.
系动词
连接主语和表语,表示状态或特征
be (am/is/are), feel, look, sound, taste
He is tall.
It looks nice.
助动词
帮助构成否定、疑问、时态、被动
do/does (构成疑问/否定)
be (构成进行时)
will (将来时)
Do you like it?
She is running.
I will go.
情态动词
表示能力、许可、意愿等,后接动词原形
can, may, must, should, would
Can you swim?
You must listen.
一、实义动词
实义动词也叫行为动词,能独立作谓语。
动作类:run(跑)jump(跳)swim(游泳)eat(吃)drink(喝)write(写)read(读)sing(唱歌)
心理类:like(喜欢)love(爱)want(想要)need(需要)
其他:have(有)play(玩/打)do(做)go(去)come(来)
根据是否需要加宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1. 及物动词
及物动词后必须接宾语,即动作的对象。
I see a bird in the sky . 我在天中看到一只鸟。
she reads books every day.她每天都看书。
2. 不及物动词
不及物动词后不能接宾语。
Time flies. 时光飞逝。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
二、系动词
系动词也称为连系动词,本身具有词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
小学主要系动词:be(am/is/are)、feel(感觉)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、become(变得)、get(变得)
用法公式:主语 + 系动词 + 表语(名词/形容词/介词短语等)
1.be动词
be动词用来表示主语性质或状态(am,is, are)。
例如:He is a teacher.他是一名教师。
I am from China.我来自中国哦。
2.其他系动词
(1)感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look等,主要是形容感觉。
例如:That’s sounds great.听起来不错。
The T-shirt looks good on you.你穿这件T恤很好看。
(2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续某动作或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,rest,remain,stay等。
例如:You should keep quiet in the library.在图书馆,你应该保持安静。
Please stay calm.请保持平静。
(3)变化系动词
表示主语的变化,主要有become, grow, turn, get等。
例如:The weather gets hotter and hotter.天气变得越来越热了。
The leaves turned yellow.叶子变黄了。
三、助动词
助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。小学常用的助动词有be、do、will等。
Would you like a cup of tea?你要不要来一杯茶?
助动词的用法具体见下表:
助动词
功能
例句
be (am、is、are、was、were)
构成进行时
She is writing her homework.她正在做作业。
do(does、did)
构成疑问句、否定句
I don’t like this pen.我不喜欢这支钢笔。
Do you want to go shopping with me?你想和我去购物吗?
Does he like playing basketball?他喜欢打篮球吗?
will
" will+动词原形"构成一般将来时
Will you go to school this library?
你今天下午要去图书馆吗?
四、情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语。表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。
情态动词
用法
示例
can/could
表示能力、许可;否定形式can’t、couldn't,相似否定句和疑问句中也可以表示推测或怀疑
I can sing English songs.我会唱英文歌。
Can you speak Spanish? 你会讲西班牙语吗?
mus
表示必须、应该,语气最为强烈
You must come in time.你必须准时来。
You mustn’t eat in the library.你不能在图书馆吃东西。
may
表示允许或征求对方许可,以may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may或can, 否定回答用can't或mustn't。
—May I use your phone? 我可以用你的电话吗?
—Yes,you may/can ./No,you can’t.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。
should
should应该,表示劝告、建议、命令
You should see a doctor now.你应该现在去看医生。
We should protect our eyes.我们应该保护自己的眼睛。
might
表示可能性,不确定的推测
He told me he might be late.
他告诉我他可能会迟到。
易错警示:
must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,表示命令;have to表示客观需要。
考点二:动词的基本形式
大多数的英语动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。小学阶段重点学的只有动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词四种形式。
1.动词原形
动词原形是动词未经任何变化的原本形式,即使用英语时动词本身的形态。如:have、do、work、study等。
2.第三人称单数形式
规则
动词原形
三单形式
一般情况在动词词尾加-s
play
plays
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,-o结尾的动词,词尾加-es
wash
touch
do
washes
touches
do
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es
fly
study
flies
studies
3.现在分词
规则
动词原形
现在分词
一般情况,词尾加-ing
go
ask
going
asking
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
write
take
writing
taking
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing
get
run
getting
running
以ie结尾的动词,先将ie变为y,再加-ing
die
lie
dying
lying
4.过去式
动词的过去式变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)动词过去式的规则变化
规则
动词原形
过去式
一般情况,词尾加-ed
work
worked
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,词尾加-d
like
move
liked
moved
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed
cry
study
cried
studied
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
plan
stop
planned
stopped
(2)动词过去式的不规则变化
有些动词过去式的变化是不规则的,这些动词不规则变化需要逐个记忆。
小学常考不规则过去式(必须背熟)
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
be (am/is)
was
be (are)
were
have/has
had
do/does
did
go
went
come
came
see
saw
eat
ate
run
ran
swim
swam
sing
sang
drink
drank
give
gave
take
took
fly
flew
ride
rode
write
wrote
read
read(发音/red/)
get
got
say
said
tell
told
buy
bought
think
thought
teach
taught
记忆技巧:按规律分组(小学不要求词源,但可以编口诀)
不变:put→put, cut→cut, read→read(发音不同)
i→a:sing→sang, drink→drank, begin→began
i→o:drive→drove, write→wrote, ride→rode
其他:go→went, have→had, do→did
使用场景:一般过去时(句中有 yesterday, last week, just now, ago 等)
考点三 常见动词短语(固定搭配)
动词短语(动词+小品词/介词)是考试完形填空和选择题的高频考点。
1. 常见分类表
类别
短语
例句
日常起居
get up(起床), go to bed(上床睡觉), have breakfast/lunch/dinner(吃饭), brush teeth(刷牙)
I get up at 6:30.
学校活动
go to school, do homework, listen to the teacher, hand in homework
Please listen to the teacher.
运动娱乐
play football/basketball, fly a kite, watch TV, play computer games
Let’s fly a kite.
交通出行
get on(上车), get off(下车), ride a bike, drive a car
Get on the bus.
动词+介词
look at(看), wait for(等待), ask for(请求), talk about(谈论), think of(想到)
Don’t look at the phone.
短语动词
put on(穿上), take off(脱下), turn on/off(打开/关闭), pick up(捡起)
Put on your coat.
2. 特别易错搭配(介词不能丢)
错例
正例
原因
listen music
listen to music
listen 是不及物动词
wait me
wait for me
wait 是不及物动词
look the picture
look at the picture
look 不及物
ask help
ask for help
ask for 是固定短语
arrive school
arrive at school
arrive at + 小地点
典例示范
1.I left my pen at home. Could you please ________ me yours for a moment?
A.lend B.borrow C.keep D.take
2.—Good morning, Mr Hu. These ________ my friends, Tom and Sam.
—Good morning. Nice to meet you.
A.is B.am C.be D.are
3.—What ________ she have on the chair?
—She has a doll.
A.do B.does C.is D.are
4.—_________ I take this book out of the library, Miss Li?
—I’m afraid you _________. You can only read it here.
A.Can; mustn’t B.May; needn’t C.Must; can’t D.Could; won’t
5.You look tired. You ________ stop working and have a good rest.
A.must B.should C.would D.can
即学即练习
1.Hello! I’m very glad to see you. When ________ you ________ here?
A.did; arrive B.did; arrive in
C.are; going to arrive D.are; going to arrive in
2.—How much ________ the pair of socks?
—This pair of socks ________ about two dollars.
A.is; are B.is; is C.are; is D.are; are
3.The silk scarf ________ so smooth. No wonder it’s so popular.
A.looks B.sounds C.smells D.feels
4.—How about visiting Jim today?
—I’m afraid not. He ________ be at home. He is on holiday in America now.
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
5.—Must I finish the report by Friday?
—No, you ________. You can hand it in next Monday.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.don’t need D.needn’t to
6.Students ________ bring mobile phones to school according to the new rule.
A.mustn’t B.don’t have to C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
7.As friends, let’s ________ him ________ his English.
A.helping, with B.help, learns C.help, with D.helps, learns
8.—Dad, Uncle Li will stay here tonight, so we need one more bed.
—No problem! The sofa will ________ as a bed for a night or two.
A.treat B.serve C.save D.share
9.—Can you ________Chinese?
—Yes, but a little.
A.tell B.speak C.talk D.say
10.—________ I finish all my exercises about school rules before class?
—No, you ________. You can hand them in after class, but you mustn’t copy others’ answers.
A.Can; mustn’t B.Could; can’t C.Must; mustn’t D.Must; don’t have to
易混易错
1.助动词 do/does/did 后,实义动词忘记变回原形;
2.三单、ing、过去式变形规则混淆,拼写出错;
3.情态动词后误用动词三单 /ing 形式;
4.固定短语漏写介词(listen to /look at);
5.一句话同时出现 be 动词和实义动词(如:He is run.);
6.时态判断错误,误用动词形式。
解题方略
无论什么题型,遇到动词考点,按以下四步思考:
1.找主语 → 确定人称(第几人称、单数/复数)
2.找时间标志词 → 确定时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时)
3.看句式 → 是肯定句、否定句还是一般疑问句(是否需要助动词)
4.套规则 → 应用动词变化规则(原形/三单/-ing/过去式)或短语搭配
口诀:主语定时态,助动词帮忙,形式不乱改,短语记心上。
【基础通关】
一、单项选择
1.—What color ________ her shoes?
—Pink.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
2.My classmates ________ eat snacks in class, but they ________ drink water.
A.mustn’t; can B.must; can’t C.can’t; must D.can’t; mustn’t
3.I can ________ you my dictionary, and you can ________ it for a week.
A.sell; keep B.lend; bring C.lend; keep D.bring; lend
4.—________ we go for a picnic in the park tomorrow?
—Good idea! The radio says it ________ be sunny.
A.Shall; will B.Will; won’t C.Will; shall D.Shall; shall
5.—Must I finish my homework now?
—No, you ________.You can do it later.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.don’t have to D.may not
6.—________ I hold your baby guinea pig? It looks so soft.
—Sure, but be gentle. It’s very shy.
A.Will B.Do C.May D.Am
7.—May I feed the deer in the park?
—________. The sign says “No feeding”. Human food is bad for their health.
A.Yes, you may B.No, you can’t C.No, you needn’t D.Yes, you can
8.—________ you tell me some good ways to learn English, Mr Wu?
—Practise using it as much as you can.
A.Need B.Should C.Could D.Must
9.Snakes ________ see very well, but they can feel things moving around them.
A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.mustn’t
10.The bird flew into the teaching building, but it couldn’t ________ from the ground.
A.took off B.take of C.took of D.take off
二、完形填空
Welcome to my home. We have two bedrooms. One is for my parents and the other is for my sister and me. This is my parents’ room. Their room is tidy, 11 our room is not. This is our room. 12 and have a look. My sister and I are not 13 girls. You can see our 14 everywhere in the room—on the desk, under the beds, on the sofa.
Look! Our beds are in the middle of the 15 . This is my desk. A red computer is on my desk. I 16 e-mail my friends on it. And two white model planes are on the 17 , too. They are my sister Nancy’s. Oh, here is a black schoolbag on the chair. I don’t 18 it’s Nancy’s. She doesn’t like black. Next to the desk is a yellow sofa. You can see two red 19 on the sofa. The hats are mine. Oh, 20 is my sister? Is she in our room now? No, she is in the library.
11.A.and B.but C.this D.that
12.A.Ask B.Help C.Come D.Meet
13.A.nice B.welcome C.fine D.tidy
14.A.things B.classroom C.library D.school
15.A.book B.room C.pen D.bag
16.A.not B.too C.last D.always
17.A.notebook B.ruler C.desk D.book
18.A.think B.know C.find D.thank
19.A.clocks B.hats C.tapes D.radios
20.A.what B.how C.who D.where
【培优提升】
三、语法选择
请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Hi, Lucy!
Thank you for your email. You asked me about the best time to visit my hometown, Hangzhou. For me, spring is 21 best season. The weather is usually warm and not too hot. It often rains a little, 22 the trees and flowers look very fresh. 23 is also a good time to walk by the West Lake. You can take photos, ride a bike, 24 enjoy local food there. In summer, it is very hot, and sometimes there 25 heavy rain. In winter, it can be cold, so you need warm clothes.
If you come in spring, remember 26 an umbrella and comfortable shoes. It is nice 27 around the lake in the morning. You may also visit a tea garden. My grandparents live near one, and they often tell me 28 tea grows. Last April, my cousin 29 here and loved the green hills very much. I hope you 30 come one day and see them with me.
Best wishes,
Lily
21.A.a B.an C.the D./
22.A.but B.so C.or D.if
23.A.There B.This C.It D.That
24.A.but B.and C.because D.after
25.A.is B.are C.was D.were
26.A.take B.taking C.to take D.takes
27.A.walk B.to walk C.walked D.walking
28.A.what B.why C.when D.how
29.A.comes B.came C.is coming D.will come
30.A.can B.must C.should D.need
四、选词填空
根据短文内容,从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每词只能用一次。
reason two she enjoy do health excite different better win
Tom is a 13-year-old boy. He likes to run and so 31 his sister, Cindy. They like running for different 32 . Tom is very fast. He always wins in the 50-meter race. He loves to run because he wants to win. But Cindy doesn’t care about the result. She likes to run because she thinks running helps to stay 33 . More importantly, running makes 34 happy. Besides, they have different ways of running. Tom likes to run fast in short races. He feels 35 when the starter shouts “On your marks, get set, go!” However, Cindy runs 36 . She seldom runs fast. She likes to run far 37 . She usually runs four or five kilometers every time. She runs slowly and steadily (稳定地). This week, they both join in a 3-kilometer race at school. At first, Tom starts out running fast. After the first kilometer, Cindy is far behind. During the 38 kilometer, Tom slows down. At the same time, Cindy catches up with Tom and crosses the finish line first. After the race, Cindy tells Tom that 39 or losing is only part of the game. After that, Tom understands the meaning of sports. He should 40 the process (过程) of running.
五、短文填空
I have a good friend. She’s an 41 (England) girl. Her name is Cindy Brown. Brown is 42 (she) family name. We’re in Grade Seven, but in different (不同的) 43 (class). She’s in Class 5 and I’m in Class 3. She’s a very nice girl. She 44 (like) to help others.
One morning, Cindy goes to school. She meets 45 old woman. The woman doesn’t look happy. She sees Cindy 46 asks, “Excuse me, do you see my Coco? I can’t 47 (find) my Coco.”
“Coco? Who is Coco? I'm sorry. I don’t know.”
“It is my dog. I am looking for it now. It’s white and brown and its eyes 48 (be) big and blue.” “Look! 49 (this) are two dogs next to the gray car. Is one 50 them Coco?” “Yes,” the old woman answers happily. She thanks Cindy very much.
初中动词和动词短语考点梳理
考点一 动词的分类
分类
特点
例句
实义动词
表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。
He works hard. 他工作努力。
连系动词
本身有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。
He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。
They look the same. 他们看起来一样。
助动词
本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。
I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。
I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。
情态动词
本身有一定的意义,表示人的语气和情态,不可单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。
Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。
May I come in? 我可以进来吗?
1.实义动词
分类
用法
例句
及物
动词
能直接跟宾语
She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
【知识拓展】
1. 单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept接受;discover发现;enjoy享受;forget忘记;borrow借入;buy买;catch抓;invent发明;found建造;like喜欢;find寻找;forget忘记;receive接受;see看见;say说;show展示;make做;tell告诉等。
I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起,我忘了你的地址。
2. 双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give给;buy买;pay付款;hand递;read读;return返还;sell卖等。
I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。
3. 接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe相信;find发现;hear听见,听说;keep保持;make使得;see看见等。
They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。
4. 接动名词作宾语的动词:如advise建议;consider考虑;finish完成;imagine想象;practise练习;suggest建议等。
She practices playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。
5. 接不定式作宾语的动词:如agree同意;decide决定,下决心;hope希望;refuse拒绝;manage设法等。
Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词
不能直接跟宾语
He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
【知识拓展】
常见的不及物动词:ache疼痛;appear出现;arise出现,上升,起立;arrive到达;belong属于;care关心;come来;cough咳嗽;cry哭;die死亡;disappear消失;exist存在,生存;faint昏倒,变得微弱;fall落下;flow流动;go去;happen发生;laugh笑;lie躺;listen听;live生活,居住;look看;occur发生;rise上升,起立;sit坐;smile微笑;swim游泳
2.系动词
分类
常用词
例句
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等
be(是),look(看起来),seem(似乎),feel(感觉),appear(出现),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)
He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。
She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态,但侧重于转变后的结果
turn(转变),become(成为),get(得到),grow(增长),go(去),fall(跌落),come(来),prove(证明)
Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。
After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后,情况变得越来越糟糕。
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变
keep(保持),remain(仍旧),stay(保持),continue(继续)
The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。
Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。
3.助动词
be
人称
数
现在时态
过去时态
现在分词
过去分词
第一人称
单数
am
was
being
been
复数
are
were
第二人称
单数
are
were
复数
are
were
第三人称
单数
is
was
复数
are
were
【知识拓展】be的用法:be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。
1. "be+现在分词"构成进行时态。
My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。
2. "be+及物动词的过去分词"构成被动语态。
The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
助动词do
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
do
do not
don’t
第三人称单数
does
does not
doesn’t
过去式
did
did not
didn’t
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法:do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。
1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。
2. "do+动词原形"构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
have
have not
haven’t
第三人称单数
has
has not
hasn’t
过去式
had
had not
hadn’t
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法:have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。
We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
考点二 动词的基本形式
形式
规则变化
例句
一般现在时第三人称单数
一般情况在动词后直接加-s
look→looks;work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es
catch→catches;go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
study→studies;try→tries
现在分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ing
read→reading;go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see →seeing;toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
love→loving;write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing
cut→cutting;put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie 为y再加-ing
die→dying;lie→lying
过去式和过去分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ed
ask→asked;help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,只加-d
like→liked;live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
cry→cried;study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped;plan→planned
考点三 动词短语
构成方式
常见短语
动词+冠词+名词
give a concert开音乐会,give a tea进行测试,have a rest休息,have a picnic野餐,have a try试一试,keep a record保持纪录,leave a message留言,make a face做鬼脸,make a living谋生,make a speech进行演讲,pay a bill付账,take a risk冒险
动词+名词
catch fire着火,keep watch守望/值班,make repairs维修,play sports做运动,take action采取行,take measures采取措施,take place发生/举行
动词+名词+介词
catch hold of抓住,catch sight of看见,make contributions to对……做贡献,make room for给……腾地方,make use of利用,pay attention to注意,take advantage of利用,make contact with和……接触/联系,take pride in以……为豪
动词+介词+名词
come into use开始使用,get into trouble陷入麻烦,play with fire玩火/冒险,wait in line排队等候
动词+宾语+介词+名词
bring... to mind使想起,put... into use应用,put... into practice实行/实施,take... for example以……为例
动词+副词+介词
add up to合计达,break away from脱离,come up with想出/提出,catch up with赶上,追上,go ahead with开始,着手,go in for参加/追求,go along with一起去,hold on to坚持,keep away from远离,look down upon瞧不起/轻视,put up with忍受/容忍,run out of用完
典例示范
1.The writer ________ his first novel when he was only 18 years old.
A.published B.came out C.wrote D.printed
2.There ________ many beautiful flowers among the bushes.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
3.—What ________ your parents usually ________ after dinner?
—They usually take a walk.
A.do; do B.did; do C.are; doing D.does; do
4.I ________ not like apples, but I ________ some yesterday.
A.do; ate B.am; eat C.did; eat D.do; eat
5.You ________ stay away from deep water for your own safety.
A.can B.may C.should D.could
即学即练习
1.—I feel bored these days.
—You ________ take up a new hobby to kill time.
A.should B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
2.The moon ________ at night and ________ in the morning. It’s a regular cycle.
A.rises; sets B.raises; sets C.rises; falls D.raises; falls
3.— Where ________ your sister go last Sunday?
— She went to the library.
A.do B.does C.did D.was
4.Everyone in our class ________ interested in beautiful natural views.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
5.Students are preparing for the Art Festival and they will ________ a drama.
A.put on B.put up C.turn on D.turn up
6.—What do you think of reading?
—It can help us ________ our eyes to the world.
A.open up B.turn up C.get up D.pick up
7.We should be kind to animals and ________ them carefully.
A.look for B.look after C.look at D.look out
8.Could you please help me ________ the pictures on the wall, Mike?
A.put up B.put on C.put away D.put off
易混易错
1.时态混用,尤其现在完成时与一般过去时区分不清;
2.主动 / 被动语态判断失误,不及物动词误用被动;
3.非谓语 to do /doing 搭配记混,易混词组(remember/stop 等)辨析错误;
4.使役 / 感官动词省 to 规则,被动语态漏加 to;
5.动词短语中代词位置错误(动副短语代词不后置);
6.look forward to 等短语后误接动词原形(to 为介词,用 doing);
7.情态动词推测用法、Must 一般疑问句回答出错;
8.延续 / 非延续动词在现在完成时中混用;
9.感官系动词后误用副词;
10.近义动词(spend/cost 等)句式搭配混淆。
解题方略
步骤 1:判句子主干,区分谓语、非谓语
句子已有 be 动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词,空格填非谓语 to do/doing/done;
无谓语动词,空格作谓语,先判断时态 + 语态。
步骤 2:定时态(两步判断)
找显性线索:时间词 since/yesterday/next week、when/while 从句;
无标志词看语境:动作先后、是否持续、是否对现在有影响;
现在完成时重点:出现 for/since,短暂动词变延续性动词。
步骤 3:辨主动 / 被动
主语能发出动作→主动;主语承受动作→被动(be+done);
不及物动词 (happen/arrive) 无被动,直接排除被动形式。
步骤 4:核对动词变形规则
一般现在时三单、过去式、现在分词变形;
情态动词后必用动词原形;
助动词 do/does/did 后动词还原原形。
步骤 5:情态动词专属判断逻辑
表许可、能力、义务看基础词义;
表推测:must 肯定推测、may/might 可能、can’t 不可能;
Must I…? 否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to。
步骤 6:非谓语动词固定搭配速判
只接 doing:enjoy/mind/finish/practice/look forward to;
只接 to do:want/hope/decide/plan;
感官 / 使役动词 see/make/let 后接原形,变被动加 to;
对比记忆:stop/remember/forget to do vs doing。
【基础通关】
一、单词拼写
1.Here ________ (be) a nice pen for you.
2.We should ________ (greet) our teachers politely every morning.
3.I can’t ________ (hear) the music. Who is crying?
4.The exciting game makes us ________ (feel) relaxed.
5.—Can I ________ (借) your eraser?
—Sure. Here you are.
6.The patient could hardly ________ (breath) after running for a short while.
7.You had better ________ (go) away at once.
8.We shouldn’t r________ (拒绝) to help others because we also need help sometimes.
9.Her sister can ________ (speak) English.
10.Hua Luogeng can ________ many difficult math problems. (算出;解决)
二、单项选择
11.—________ Jim ________ playing football?
—Yes. He always plays football after school ________ other boys.
A.Is; like; likes B.Does; like; likes C.Does; like; like D.Is; like; like
12.The boy ________ a yellow shirt ________ a pair of glasses.
A.in; wears B.with; with C.wears; wears D.in; with
13.The pair of shoes ________ white and black. My shoes ________ red.
A.are; are B.is; are C.is; is D.are; is
14.—Do you like the picture by Bob White?
—Yes, it ________ nice and full of feeling!
A.feels B.looks C.sounds D.tastes
15.This week, the weather ________ to change every day: One day is hot, while the next is cold.
A.seems B.looks C.sounds D.feels
16.I ________ like pears, but my brother Bill ________.
A.aren’t; is B.don’t; does C.doesn’t; do D.does; do
17.Jack ________ lunch at school. He ________ lunch at home.
A.doesn’t have; has B.doesn’t have; have C.don’t have; has D.don’t have; have
18.— ________ we go to the Children’s Home this weekend?
—Good idea. What about buying some toys to cheer them up?
A.Should B.Need C.Can D.Shall
19.—May I ride the horse?
—No, you ________.
A.needn’t B.may not C.can’t D.mustn’t
20.Mr. Brown comes to China and ________ with this country at once (立即).
A.come up B.falls in love C.get on D.work out
三、完形填空
My name is Emma. I’m 12 years old. I’m a student in Grade 7. I study at No. 1 Middle School. My school is very nice and clean. I 21 my school very much.
I have six classes every day. I get up at 6:30 a. m. Then I have breakfast with my family. I 22 to school at 7:30 a.m. School 23 at 8:00 a.m. My favorite subject is English. It’s very 24 . I have English classes on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. My English teacher is Ms. White. She is from England. She is very kind and her classes are very interesting. We all 25 her.
At 12:00 p.m. , I have lunch at school with my classmates. The food in the school dining hall is 26 . I like eating rice and vegetables for lunch. After lunch, we have a rest for an hour.
Classes start again at 1:30 p.m. We have two classes in the afternoon. School is over at 3:30 p.m. After school, I often 27 sports with my friends on the playground. I like playing tennis. It’s my favorite sport. I go home at 5:00 p. m.
I have a 28 day at school every day. I love my school life and my classmates. We are like a big 29 . I’m very 30 to study in this school.
On weekends, I don’t go to school. I often read books at home 31 my sister. Sometimes we go to the cinema 32 our parents. We watch interesting movies and 33 a good time there. I also like to 34 my room on Sundays. It’s a good habit to keep my room tidy. All in all, my life is happy and 35 .
21.A.love B.know C.meet D.find
22.A.walk B.walks C.walking D.to walk
23.A.start B.starts C.starting D.to start
24.A.boring B.difficult C.interesting D.easy
25.A.like B.likes C.liking D.to like
26.A.bad B.delicious C.boring D.difficult
27.A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play
28.A.busy B.free C.sad D.boring
29.A.family B.class C.school D.grade
30.A.sad B.happy C.cool D.easy
31.A.with B.and C.for D.about
32.A.to B.with C.for D.on
33.A.have B.has C.having D.to have
34.A.clean B.cleans C.cleaning D.to clean
35.A.boring B.difficult C.colorful D.sad
【培优提升】
四、语法选择
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使短文连贯完整。
Mr. Jason is 36 English teacher in our school. He 37 from Singapore (新加坡). He is 35. He is kind and we all like 38 . He says Singapore is a beautiful city. It is not far 39 China. There are many Chinese people and you can 40 Chinese and English there. There is a Night zoo called Singapore Night Safari (夜间野生动物园). There are a lot of animals 41 monkeys and lions. The zoo is open at night. Mr. Jason often takes his children there. He often notices a monkey 42 out in front of the audience (观众).
Mr. Jason likes 43 very much. He usually plays it with his friends after school. He sometimes 44 the games on TV. Ma Long is his favorite table tennis star. He thinks Ma Long plays table tennis very 45 . He hopes he can play with Ma Long one day.
36.A.a B.an C.the D./
37.A.come B.am C.is D.are
38.A.he B.she C.him D.her
39.A.away B.from C.behind D.under
40.A.talk B.say C.tell D.speak
41.A.for B.with C.like D.about
42.A.act B.acts C.to act D.acting
43.A.table tennis B.basketball C.volleyball D.football
44.A.sees B.looks C.reads D.watches
45.A.nice B.good C.well D.great
五、选词填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。
football be from first happy at see also both help beautiful he
Hello, everyone! I am in my new school now. I have some good friends here. They are all nice. Please come with me and 46 them.
First, the tall boy is Frank. Look 47 his blue eyes. He is from the USA.He lives with 48 parents in Nanjing. Frank is a kind boy. He often 49 me with my English. He likes basketball. Yao Ming and Jordan 50 his idols (偶像). And Kitty, a(n) 51 girl with big eyes, always smiles. She is a good student and she is always the 52 one to arrive (到达) at the classroom. She is good at all her subjects. Leon is 53 my friend. He isn’t tall. He doesn’t like basketball, but he likes 54 . He is in the football team of our school.
I am really 55 to have these three good friends. How lucky I am!
六、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hello! My name is Becca Jones. Becca is my 56 (one) name. How do you 57 (spell) my last name? It’s J-O-N-E-S, Jones. I am a 58 (teach) at Berkeley Junior High School in America. I love animals (动物) very much. I think they are our good 59 (friend). I often go to the Animal Rescue Center (动物救助中心) to help. There are many dogs at the Animal Rescue Center and they don’t have homes. I really want to help them find new homes.
Now let me 60 (show) you a picture! The dog in the picture is 61 (I). One day, I brought (带来) it from the Animal Rescue Center to school. 62 is its name? Its name is Bagel. My students like it very much. They play games 63 Bagel. They also write English words (单词) 64 draw (画) some cute pictures of dogs and cats at the Animal Rescue Center. These animals find their new homes quickly. The students and I 65 (be) very happy about that.
Boys and girls, if you want to adopt (收养) an animal, please call me at 0731-88226655.
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$衔接点08 动词和动词短语(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学视角
初中展望
1.掌握 be 动词、基础情态动词、助动词用法;
2.动词三单、现在分词、过去式三类变形;
3.掌握常见动词短语
1.掌握动词的分类
2.扩充情态动词用法、词义辨析与推测功能;
3.高频考查近义动词辨析、延续 / 非延续动词转换。
4.常见动词短语搭配
衔接引导
小学阶段:小学阶段主要侧重认识各类动词、熟记动词变形与基础短语,依靠时间标志词、固定搭配答题,侧重识记与基础套用,题型简单直白。
常见题型为:
① 用所给单词的正确形式填空
② 单项选择题
③ 选词填空
④ 连词成句、看图写句子
初中阶段:初中阶段要求系统掌握动词用法,深化时态运用,新增语态、非谓语动词等考点,侧重语境辨析、语法综合运用,出题灵活且综合性强,题型覆盖面更广。
主要的题型为:
① 用所给单词的适当形式填空
② 单项选择题(词义、用法、短语辨析)
③ 句型转换(时态、主动被动转换)
④ 句子改错
⑤ 完形填空、短文填空
⑥ 书面表达(短语与句式运用)
小学动词和动词短语考点梳理
考点一:动词的分类(小学重点掌握4类)
类型
说明
小学常见例词
考点例句
实义动词
有完整意义,能独立作谓语
run, eat, read, play, like, want
I like apples.
She reads every day.
系动词
连接主语和表语,表示状态或特征
be (am/is/are), feel, look, sound, taste
He is tall.
It looks nice.
助动词
帮助构成否定、疑问、时态、被动
do/does (构成疑问/否定)
be (构成进行时)
will (将来时)
Do you like it?
She is running.
I will go.
情态动词
表示能力、许可、意愿等,后接动词原形
can, may, must, should, would
Can you swim?
You must listen.
一、实义动词
实义动词也叫行为动词,能独立作谓语。
动作类:run(跑)jump(跳)swim(游泳)eat(吃)drink(喝)write(写)read(读)sing(唱歌)
心理类:like(喜欢)love(爱)want(想要)need(需要)
其他:have(有)play(玩/打)do(做)go(去)come(来)
根据是否需要加宾语,可以分为及物动词和不及物动词。
1. 及物动词
及物动词后必须接宾语,即动作的对象。
I see a bird in the sky . 我在天中看到一只鸟。
she reads books every day.她每天都看书。
2. 不及物动词
不及物动词后不能接宾语。
Time flies. 时光飞逝。
The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。
二、系动词
系动词也称为连系动词,本身具有词义,但不能单独作谓语,后面必须跟表语,构成系表结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。
小学主要系动词:be(am/is/are)、feel(感觉)、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、taste(尝起来)、smell(闻起来)、become(变得)、get(变得)
用法公式:主语 + 系动词 + 表语(名词/形容词/介词短语等)
1.be动词
be动词用来表示主语性质或状态(am,is, are)。
例如:He is a teacher.他是一名教师。
I am from China.我来自中国哦。
2.其他系动词
(1)感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look等,主要是形容感觉。
例如:That’s sounds great.听起来不错。
The T-shirt looks good on you.你穿这件T恤很好看。
(2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续某动作或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,rest,remain,stay等。
例如:You should keep quiet in the library.在图书馆,你应该保持安静。
Please stay calm.请保持平静。
(3)变化系动词
表示主语的变化,主要有become, grow, turn, get等。
例如:The weather gets hotter and hotter.天气变得越来越热了。
The leaves turned yellow.叶子变黄了。
三、助动词
助动词本身无意义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语。小学常用的助动词有be、do、will等。
Would you like a cup of tea?你要不要来一杯茶?
助动词的用法具体见下表:
助动词
功能
例句
be (am、is、are、was、were)
构成进行时
She is writing her homework.她正在做作业。
do(does、did)
构成疑问句、否定句
I don’t like this pen.我不喜欢这支钢笔。
Do you want to go shopping with me?你想和我去购物吗?
Does he like playing basketball?他喜欢打篮球吗?
will
" will+动词原形"构成一般将来时
Will you go to school this library?
你今天下午要去图书馆吗?
四、情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的词义,不能单独作谓语。表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。
情态动词
用法
示例
can/could
表示能力、许可;否定形式can’t、couldn't,相似否定句和疑问句中也可以表示推测或怀疑
I can sing English songs.我会唱英文歌。
Can you speak Spanish? 你会讲西班牙语吗?
mus
表示必须、应该,语气最为强烈
You must come in time.你必须准时来。
You mustn’t eat in the library.你不能在图书馆吃东西。
may
表示允许或征求对方许可,以may开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答用may或can, 否定回答用can't或mustn't。
—May I use your phone? 我可以用你的电话吗?
—Yes,you may/can ./No,you can’t.是的,你可以。/不,你不可以。
should
should应该,表示劝告、建议、命令
You should see a doctor now.你应该现在去看医生。
We should protect our eyes.我们应该保护自己的眼睛。
might
表示可能性,不确定的推测
He told me he might be late.
他告诉我他可能会迟到。
易错警示:
must侧重表示说话人的主观看法,表示命令;have to表示客观需要。
考点二:动词的基本形式
大多数的英语动词都有五种基本形式:动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词、现在分词。小学阶段重点学的只有动词原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、现在分词四种形式。
1.动词原形
动词原形是动词未经任何变化的原本形式,即使用英语时动词本身的形态。如:have、do、work、study等。
2.第三人称单数形式
规则
动词原形
三单形式
一般情况在动词词尾加-s
play
plays
以-s,-x,-ch,-sh,-o结尾的动词,词尾加-es
wash
touch
do
washes
touches
do
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-es
fly
study
flies
studies
3.现在分词
规则
动词原形
现在分词
一般情况,词尾加-ing
go
ask
going
asking
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
write
take
writing
taking
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ing
get
run
getting
running
以ie结尾的动词,先将ie变为y,再加-ing
die
lie
dying
lying
4.过去式
动词的过去式变化分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)动词过去式的规则变化
规则
动词原形
过去式
一般情况,词尾加-ed
work
worked
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,词尾加-d
like
move
liked
moved
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先变y为i,再加-ed
cry
study
cried
studied
末尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词,先双写这个辅音字母,再加-ed
plan
stop
planned
stopped
(2)动词过去式的不规则变化
有些动词过去式的变化是不规则的,这些动词不规则变化需要逐个记忆。
小学常考不规则过去式(必须背熟)
原形
过去式
原形
过去式
be (am/is)
was
be (are)
were
have/has
had
do/does
did
go
went
come
came
see
saw
eat
ate
run
ran
swim
swam
sing
sang
drink
drank
give
gave
take
took
fly
flew
ride
rode
write
wrote
read
read(发音/red/)
get
got
say
said
tell
told
buy
bought
think
thought
teach
taught
记忆技巧:按规律分组(小学不要求词源,但可以编口诀)
不变:put→put, cut→cut, read→read(发音不同)
i→a:sing→sang, drink→drank, begin→began
i→o:drive→drove, write→wrote, ride→rode
其他:go→went, have→had, do→did
使用场景:一般过去时(句中有 yesterday, last week, just now, ago 等)
考点三 常见动词短语(固定搭配)
动词短语(动词+小品词/介词)是考试完形填空和选择题的高频考点。
1. 常见分类表
类别
短语
例句
日常起居
get up(起床), go to bed(上床睡觉), have breakfast/lunch/dinner(吃饭), brush teeth(刷牙)
I get up at 6:30.
学校活动
go to school, do homework, listen to the teacher, hand in homework
Please listen to the teacher.
运动娱乐
play football/basketball, fly a kite, watch TV, play computer games
Let’s fly a kite.
交通出行
get on(上车), get off(下车), ride a bike, drive a car
Get on the bus.
动词+介词
look at(看), wait for(等待), ask for(请求), talk about(谈论), think of(想到)
Don’t look at the phone.
短语动词
put on(穿上), take off(脱下), turn on/off(打开/关闭), pick up(捡起)
Put on your coat.
2. 特别易错搭配(介词不能丢)
错例
正例
原因
listen music
listen to music
listen 是不及物动词
wait me
wait for me
wait 是不及物动词
look the picture
look at the picture
look 不及物
ask help
ask for help
ask for 是固定短语
arrive school
arrive at school
arrive at + 小地点
典例示范
1.I left my pen at home. Could you please ________ me yours for a moment?
A.lend B.borrow C.keep D.take
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我把钢笔忘在家里了。你能把你的钢笔借我用一会儿吗?lend借出;borrow借入;keep保留/持有;take拿走。根据语境,说话人希望对方“把笔借给自己”,即对方是“借出”的一方,符合lend sb. sth.的用法,而borrow表示“借入”,结构应为borrow sth. from sb.,不能直接接双宾语,应填lend。
2.—Good morning, Mr Hu. These ________ my friends, Tom and Sam.
—Good morning. Nice to meet you.
A.is B.am C.be D.are
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——早上好,胡老师。这两位是我的朋友,汤姆和山姆。 ——早上好。很高兴见到你们。
主语“These”指代“Tom and Sam”两个人,为复数,对应的be动词要用are。
3.—What ________ she have on the chair?
—She has a doll.
A.do B.does C.is D.are
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——她有什么在椅子上?——她有一个玩偶。do做,用于主语为第一人称、第二人称或复数的情况;does做,用于主语为第三人称单数的情况;is是,be动词,后面不能直接跟实义动词原形have;are是be动词,用于复数主语或第二人称you,同样不能直接跟实义动词原形have。实义动词have前用助动词,主语为三单,应填does。
4.—_________ I take this book out of the library, Miss Li?
—I’m afraid you _________. You can only read it here.
A.Can; mustn’t B.May; needn’t C.Must; can’t D.Could; won’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——李老师,我能把这本书带出图书馆吗?——恐怕不行,你只能在这里阅读。
Can能,会;mustn’t禁止,不准。May可以;needn’t不必。Must必须;can’t不能。Could可以;won’t将不会。第一空是请求许可,用Can/May/Could都合适;第二空根据“只能在这里阅读”可知是“禁止带出”,mustn’t最准确。
5.You look tired. You ________ stop working and have a good rest.
A.must B.should C.would D.can
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你看起来很累。你应该停止工作好好休息。must必须;should应该;would将要;can能。根据“You look tired.”可知对方状态疲惫,此处是提出建议,should表示“应该”,常用于给出建议,符合语境。
即学即练习
1.Hello! I’m very glad to see you. When ________ you ________ here?
A.did; arrive B.did; arrive in
C.are; going to arrive D.are; going to arrive in
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你好!很高兴见到你。你什么时候到这里的?考查时态和不及物动词。根据“I’m very glad to see you.”可知,已经见到对方,说明“到达”发生在过去,时态应用一般过去时,排除选项C和D;动词“arrive”为不及物动词,后接地点名词时需加介词at/in,但“here”是副词,前面不需要加介词。故选A。
2.—How much ________ the pair of socks?
—This pair of socks ________ about two dollars.
A.is; are B.is; is C.are; is D.are; are
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——这双袜子多少钱?——这双袜子大约两美元。当主语是the pair of... /this pair of... 时,谓语动词的单复数由pair决定,而不是后面的复数名词。 第一空:主语是the pair of socks,核心词是单数的 pair,所以用 is;第二空:主语是This pair of socks,核心词仍是单数的pair,所以用is。故选B。
3.The silk scarf ________ so smooth. No wonder it’s so popular.
A.looks B.sounds C.smells D.feels
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这条丝巾摸起来如此光滑。难怪它这么受欢迎。looks看起来;sounds听起来;smells闻起来;feels摸起来。根据题干“silk scarf”及“smooth”可知,丝巾的“光滑”是触感,应填feels。
4.—How about visiting Jim today?
—I’m afraid not. He ________ be at home. He is on holiday in America now.
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——今天去看看吉姆怎么样?——恐怕不行。他不可能在家。他现在在美国度假。 needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能。根据“He is on holiday in America now.”可知,他正在美国度假,所以推断他现在不可能在家,表示否定推测用can’t。
5.—Must I finish the report by Friday?
—No, you ________. You can hand it in next Monday.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.don’t need D.needn’t to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我必须在周五之前完成报告吗?——不,你不必。你可以下周一交。 mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;don’t need不需要(后常接to do);needn’t to结构错误(needn’t是情态动词,后接动词原形)。以Must开头的一般疑问句,否定回答常用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,因此这里应选needn’t。
6.Students ________ bring mobile phones to school according to the new rule.
A.mustn’t B.don’t have to C.needn’t D.wouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:根据新规定,学生禁止带手机到学校。mustn’t禁止、不允许;don’t have to不必;needn’t不必;wouldn’t不愿意。根据句中according to the new rule可知,此处表示一种强制性的禁止规定,应填mustn’t。
7.As friends, let’s ________ him ________ his English.
A.helping, with B.help, learns C.help, with D.helps, learns
【答案】C
【详解】句意:作为朋友,让我们帮他学英语吧。考查非谓语动词及动词搭配。helping帮助,动名词;with伴随;help帮助,动词原形;learns学习,动词三单形式;helps帮助,动词三单形式。let’s后需跟动词原形;help sb. with sth.是固定搭配,意为“在某方面帮助某人”。故选C。
8.—Dad, Uncle Li will stay here tonight, so we need one more bed.
—No problem! The sofa will ________ as a bed for a night or two.
A.treat B.serve C.save D.share
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——爸爸,李叔叔今晚要住这里,所以我们还需要一张床。——没问题!这张沙发可以临时当一两天的床用。treat对待,治疗;serve服务,用作;save拯救,节省;share分享。根据语境,此处表达“沙发被用作床”的含义,固定搭配serve as表示“充当;用作”,符合句子逻辑。
9.—Can you ________Chinese?
—Yes, but a little.
A.tell B.speak C.talk D.say
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你会说中文吗?——是的,但只会一点。tell告诉;speak说(某种语言);talk交谈;say说(具体内容)。根据宾语“Chinese”(中文,指语言)可知,表示“说某种语言”应用动词speak。
10.—________ I finish all my exercises about school rules before class?
—No, you ________. You can hand them in after class, but you mustn’t copy others’ answers.
A.Can; mustn’t B.Could; can’t C.Must; mustn’t D.Must; don’t have to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我必须在上课前完成所有关于校规的练习吗?——不,你不必。你可以课后交,但你不能抄别人的答案。Can能;Could可以(can的过去式);Must必须;mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;don’t have to不必。根据答语“No”以及“You can hand them in after class”可知,第一空询问“是否必须”在课前完成,应用Must提问;第二空表示“不必”,即没有这个义务,应用don’t have to(不必),而mustn’t表示“禁止”,不符合语境。
易混易错
1.助动词 do/does/did 后,实义动词忘记变回原形;
2.三单、ing、过去式变形规则混淆,拼写出错;
3.情态动词后误用动词三单 /ing 形式;
4.固定短语漏写介词(listen to /look at);
5.一句话同时出现 be 动词和实义动词(如:He is run.);
6.时态判断错误,误用动词形式。
解题方略
无论什么题型,遇到动词考点,按以下四步思考:
1.找主语 → 确定人称(第几人称、单数/复数)
2.找时间标志词 → 确定时态(一般现在时、现在进行时、一般过去时、一般将来时)
3.看句式 → 是肯定句、否定句还是一般疑问句(是否需要助动词)
4.套规则 → 应用动词变化规则(原形/三单/-ing/过去式)或短语搭配
口诀:主语定时态,助动词帮忙,形式不乱改,短语记心上。
【基础通关】
一、单项选择
1.—What color ________ her shoes?
—Pink.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【答案】C
【详解】——她的鞋子是什么颜色?——粉色的。主语“her shoes”是复数形式,be动词应用are。
2.My classmates ________ eat snacks in class, but they ________ drink water.
A.mustn’t; can B.must; can’t C.can’t; must D.can’t; mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我的同学们不允许在课堂上吃零食,但他们可以喝水。mustn’t禁止,不允许;can可以、能够;can’t不能;must表示必须。根据句中的转折词but可知,前后两个分句的含义是相反的,课堂上吃零食是被禁止的,而喝水是被允许的,因此第一个空用mustn’t,第二个空用can。
3.I can ________ you my dictionary, and you can ________ it for a week.
A.sell; keep B.lend; bring C.lend; keep D.bring; lend
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我可以把我的字典借给你,你可以保留一个星期。sell卖;keep保留、借用,是延续性动词,可以与时间段“for a week”连用;lend借出,表示把东西借给别人,符合“我可以借给你字典”;bring带来,不能与时间段连用。故选C。
4.—________ we go for a picnic in the park tomorrow?
—Good idea! The radio says it ________ be sunny.
A.Shall; will B.Will; won’t C.Will; shall D.Shall; shall
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——明天我们去公园野餐好吗?——好主意!广播说天气会是晴朗的。 shall“将要”,表示征求意见/建议,只用于第一人称,will“将要”,表示预测,用于所有人称。第一空:表示建议或征求意见,主语为we(第一人称),故用Shall。第二空:表示将来预测,主语it为第三人称,指代天气,应用will。
5.—Must I finish my homework now?
—No, you ________.You can do it later.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.don’t have to D.may not
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我必须现在完成作业吗?——不,你不必。你可以稍后做。
mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;don’t have to不必;may not可能不。以Must开头的一般疑问句,否定回答常用“No, you needn’t”或“No, you don’t have to”,表示“不必”。应填don’t have to。
6.—________ I hold your baby guinea pig? It looks so soft.
—Sure, but be gentle. It’s very shy.
A.Will B.Do C.May D.Am
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我可以抱抱你的小豚鼠吗?它看起来很软。——当然可以,但要温柔些。它很害羞。
此处是在请求对方允许自己抱抱对方的小豚鼠,May表示“请求许可”,是最正式、最礼貌的说法之一,常用于“May I…?”结构,符合语境。Will表示“愿意、将要”,用于请求时语气较生硬(Will you...?),不用于第一人称“我”请求对方允许;Do是助动词或实义动词,不能用于此处表示“请求允许”;Am是be动词,无法表达“允许”的意思。应填May。
7.—May I feed the deer in the park?
—________. The sign says “No feeding”. Human food is bad for their health.
A.Yes, you may B.No, you can’t C.No, you needn’t D.Yes, you can
【答案】B
【详解】句意: ——我可以在公园里喂鹿吗?——不,你不能。牌子上写着禁止喂食。人类食物对它们的健康有害。 Yes, you may是,你可以;No, you can’t 不,你不能;No, you needn’t不,你不需要;Yes, you can是,你可以。根据答句可知,牌子上明确写着禁止喂食,因此不能允许对方喂鹿。否定回答常用“No, you can’t.”。
8.—________ you tell me some good ways to learn English, Mr Wu?
—Practise using it as much as you can.
A.Need B.Should C.Could D.Must
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——吴老师,你能告诉我一些学习英语的好方法吗?——尽可能多地练习使用它。Need需要;Should应该;Could能、可以;Must必须。根据对话语境可知,此处是学生向老师提出请求,为了表示礼貌和委婉,常用Could来引导疑问句。故选C。
9.Snakes ________ see very well, but they can feel things moving around them.
A.can’t B.couldn’t C.may not D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:蛇的视力不太好,但它们能感觉到周围有东西在动。can’t不能,表示能力不足;couldn’t过去不能;may not可能不,表示可能性;mustn’t禁止。蛇视力不好是客观事实,用一般现在时,且这里表示能力,应填can’t。
10.The bird flew into the teaching building, but it couldn’t ________ from the ground.
A.took off B.take of C.took of D.take off
【答案】D
【详解】句意:那只鸟飞进了教学楼,但它无法从地面起飞。 took off起飞(过去式);take of错误搭配;took of错误搭配;take off起飞(动词原形)。情态动词“couldn’t”后接动词原形,固定短语“take off”表示“起飞”,take off符合语境。
二、完形填空
Welcome to my home. We have two bedrooms. One is for my parents and the other is for my sister and me. This is my parents’ room. Their room is tidy, 11 our room is not. This is our room. 12 and have a look. My sister and I are not 13 girls. You can see our 14 everywhere in the room—on the desk, under the beds, on the sofa.
Look! Our beds are in the middle of the 15 . This is my desk. A red computer is on my desk. I 16 e-mail my friends on it. And two white model planes are on the 17 , too. They are my sister Nancy’s. Oh, here is a black schoolbag on the chair. I don’t 18 it’s Nancy’s. She doesn’t like black. Next to the desk is a yellow sofa. You can see two red 19 on the sofa. The hats are mine. Oh, 20 is my sister? Is she in our room now? No, she is in the library.
11.A.and B.but C.this D.that
12.A.Ask B.Help C.Come D.Meet
13.A.nice B.welcome C.fine D.tidy
14.A.things B.classroom C.library D.school
15.A.book B.room C.pen D.bag
16.A.not B.too C.last D.always
17.A.notebook B.ruler C.desk D.book
18.A.think B.know C.find D.thank
19.A.clocks B.hats C.tapes D.radios
20.A.what B.how C.who D.where
【答案】
11.B 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.B 16.D 17.C 18.A 19.B 20.D
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的家,重点描述了作者和妹妹的卧室环境、物品摆放情况,并说明了妹妹此刻的去向。
【详解】11.句意:他们的房间很整洁,但是我们的房间不整洁。
前后句意存在转折,应用转折连词but。and表并列,不符合语境;this和that是代词,不能连接两个完整的句子。
12.句意:来看看吧。这里是邀请读者“过来看看”,come and have a look是常用搭配,符合语境。
13.句意:我妹妹和我都不是爱整洁的女孩。上文“Their room is tidy, but our room is not.”提示姐妹两的房间不整洁,说明她们不是爱整洁的女孩,tidy“爱整洁的”符合推理。nice“美好的”,welcome“受欢迎的”和fine“好的”不符合语境。
14.句意:你可以在房间里到处看到我们的东西——在书桌上、床底下、沙发上。
结合“on the desk, under the beds, on the sofa”和备选项可知,在桌上、床底下、沙发上的是东西,things“东西”符合语境。classroom“教室”,library“图书馆”和school“学校”语义不符。
15.句意:我们的床在房间的中间。
床放在房间里,此处表示“我们的床在房间的中央”,符合逻辑。book“书”,pen“钢笔”和bag“包”不符合逻辑。
16.句意:我总是用它给朋友发邮件。
此处描述使用电脑的习惯,应用频度副词always表示经常性的动作,符合日常习惯描述。not“不”,too“太”和last“最后”语义不符。
17.句意:两架白色的飞机模型也在书桌上。
上文“A red computer is on my desk.”和句末“too”表示电脑和飞机模型的位置相同,都在书桌上,desk“书桌”符合文意。
18.句意:我认为不是南希的。下文“She doesn’t like black.”解释南希不喜欢黑色,此处作者主观推断黑色书包不是南希的,用“I don’t think...”,符合推测语气。know“知道”,find“找到”和thank“谢谢”均无法表达基于颜色的推测含义。
19.句意:你可以看到沙发上有两顶红帽子。下文继续补充“The hats are mine.”,说明此处介绍的是帽子,hats“帽子”符合文意。
20.句意:哦,我妹妹在哪里?下文“No, she is in the library.”介绍她在图书馆,可知此处询问地点,用where。what询问物体,how询问方式,who询问人,不符合语境。
【培优提升】
三、语法选择
请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,根据语法和上下文连贯的要求,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Hi, Lucy!
Thank you for your email. You asked me about the best time to visit my hometown, Hangzhou. For me, spring is 21 best season. The weather is usually warm and not too hot. It often rains a little, 22 the trees and flowers look very fresh. 23 is also a good time to walk by the West Lake. You can take photos, ride a bike, 24 enjoy local food there. In summer, it is very hot, and sometimes there 25 heavy rain. In winter, it can be cold, so you need warm clothes.
If you come in spring, remember 26 an umbrella and comfortable shoes. It is nice 27 around the lake in the morning. You may also visit a tea garden. My grandparents live near one, and they often tell me 28 tea grows. Last April, my cousin 29 here and loved the green hills very much. I hope you 30 come one day and see them with me.
Best wishes,
Lily
21.A.a B.an C.the D./
22.A.but B.so C.or D.if
23.A.There B.This C.It D.That
24.A.but B.and C.because D.after
25.A.is B.are C.was D.were
26.A.take B.taking C.to take D.takes
27.A.walk B.to walk C.walked D.walking
28.A.what B.why C.when D.how
29.A.comes B.came C.is coming D.will come
30.A.can B.must C.should D.need
【答案】
21.C 22.B 23.C 24.B 25.A 26.C 27.B 28.D 29.B 30.A
【导语】本文是一封莉莉写给露西的回信,介绍了家乡杭州一年四季的天气特点,重点推荐春天是游览杭州的最佳时节,同时介绍了春季游玩的相关注意事项,热情邀请露西前来游玩。
21.句意:对我来说,春天是最好的季节。
形容词最高级best前,必须加定冠词the,a/an用于泛指,零冠词不符合语法规则。
22.句意:天经常下一点小雨,所以树木和花朵看起来十分清新。
前半句是原因,后半句是结果,so“所以” 表因果;but表转折,or表选择,if表假设,均不符合逻辑。
23.句意:这也是在西湖边散步的好时候。
It is a good time to do sth.是固定句型,表示是做某事的好时机,it作形式主语;There/This/That无法构成该固定搭配。
24.句意:你可以拍照、骑车,并且品尝当地美食。
多个并列的动作之间,用and“和、并且”连接;but表转折,because表原因,after表时间,均不符。
25.句意:夏天天气很热,有时候会有大雨。
there be句型表示某地有某物,rain为不可数名词,通篇为一般现在时,be动词用is;are/was/were均不符合单复数与时态。
26.句意:如果春天来,记得带一把雨伞和舒适的鞋子。
remember to do sth.是固定搭配,表示记得去做某事;take/taking/takes均不符合该用法。
27.句意:早上在湖边散步是很惬意的。
It is+形容词+to do sth.固定句型,此处需要动词不定式to walk作真正主语。
28.句意:我的祖父母住在茶园附近,他们经常告诉我茶叶是如何生长的。
how表示“怎样、如何”,询问生长方式;what询问内容,why询问原因,when询问时间,均不符语境。
29.句意:去年四月,我的表亲来到这里,非常喜欢青山。
时间状语Last April表示过去时间,句子要用一般过去时,come的过去式是came。
30.句意:我希望有一天你能来,和我一起看看它们。
can表示“能够、可以”,用于委婉的邀请与期许;must“必须”,should“应该”,need“需要”,语气过于强硬。
四、选词填空
根据短文内容,从方框中选择恰当的词并用其正确形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每词只能用一次。
reason two she enjoy do health excite different better win
Tom is a 13-year-old boy. He likes to run and so 31 his sister, Cindy. They like running for different 32 . Tom is very fast. He always wins in the 50-meter race. He loves to run because he wants to win. But Cindy doesn’t care about the result. She likes to run because she thinks running helps to stay 33 . More importantly, running makes 34 happy. Besides, they have different ways of running. Tom likes to run fast in short races. He feels 35 when the starter shouts “On your marks, get set, go!” However, Cindy runs 36 . She seldom runs fast. She likes to run far 37 . She usually runs four or five kilometers every time. She runs slowly and steadily (稳定地). This week, they both join in a 3-kilometer race at school. At first, Tom starts out running fast. After the first kilometer, Cindy is far behind. During the 38 kilometer, Tom slows down. At the same time, Cindy catches up with Tom and crosses the finish line first. After the race, Cindy tells Tom that 39 or losing is only part of the game. After that, Tom understands the meaning of sports. He should 40 the process (过程) of running.
【答案】
31.does 32.reasons 33.healthy 34.her 35.excited 36.differently 37.better 38.second 39.winning 40.enjoy
【导语】本文讲述汤姆和妹妹辛迪都喜欢跑步,但二人跑步原因、方式各不相同,通过一次长跑比赛,汤姆明白了运动重在享受过程,而非输赢。
【详解】31.句意:他喜欢跑步,他的妹妹Cindy也一样。“so+助动词+主语”表示“……也一样”,句子为一般现在时,主语“his sister”是第三人称单数,需用does。
32.句意:他们喜欢跑步的原因各不相同。“different”后接复数名词,结合后文Tom和Cindy不同的跑步目的,需用reasons表示“原因”。
33.句意:她喜欢跑步,因为她认为跑步有助于保持健康。stay healthy为固定搭配,表示“保持健康”,需用形容词healthy。
34.句意:更重要的是,跑步让她开心。make后接宾语,指代Cindy,需用her。
35.句意:当发令员喊“各就各位,预备,跑!”时,他感到很兴奋。feel后接形容词作表语,描述人的感受,需用excited表示“兴奋的”。
36.句意:然而,Cindy的跑步方式不同。修饰动词“runs”需用副词,结合后文她不常快跑,需用differently表示“不同地”。
37.句意:她更喜欢长跑。此处用副词比较级better,侧重更偏向长距离跑步,和Tom短跑形成对比。
38.句意:在第二公里时,Tom放慢了速度。结合前文“After the first kilometer”,需用序数词second表示“第二”。
39.句意:赛后,Cindy告诉Tom,输赢只是比赛的一部分。or连接并列成分,与losing对应,需用动名词winning表示“赢”。
40.句意:他应该享受跑步的过程。should后接动词原形,结合前文“明白运动的意义”,需用enjoy表示“享受”。
五、短文填空
I have a good friend. She’s an 41 (England) girl. Her name is Cindy Brown. Brown is 42 (she) family name. We’re in Grade Seven, but in different (不同的) 43 (class). She’s in Class 5 and I’m in Class 3. She’s a very nice girl. She 44 (like) to help others.
One morning, Cindy goes to school. She meets 45 old woman. The woman doesn’t look happy. She sees Cindy 46 asks, “Excuse me, do you see my Coco? I can’t 47 (find) my Coco.”
“Coco? Who is Coco? I'm sorry. I don’t know.”
“It is my dog. I am looking for it now. It’s white and brown and its eyes 48 (be) big and blue.” “Look! 49 (this) are two dogs next to the gray car. Is one 50 them Coco?” “Yes,” the old woman answers happily. She thanks Cindy very much.
【答案】
41.English 42.her 43.classes 44.likes 45.an 46.and 47.find 48.are 49.These 50.of
【导语】Cindy在上学路上遇见焦急寻狗的老奶奶,帮忙留意,最终帮老人找到了名叫Coco的小狗。
【详解】41.句意:她是一个英国的女孩。 修饰名词girl要用形容词,England是名词,故填其形容词形式English,表示“英国的”。
42.句意:布朗是她的姓氏。修饰名词family name,使用形容词性物主代词,故填she的形容词性物主代词her,意为“她的”。
43.句意:我们都在七年级,但是在不同的班级。different后接可数名词复数,故填class的复数形式classes。
44.句意:她喜欢帮助别人。主语she是第三人称单数,本句的时态为一般现在时,故谓语动词填like的第三人称单数形式likes。
45.句意:她遇到一位老妇人。old元音音素开头,此处表示一位老人,故填不定冠词an。
46.句意:她看到辛迪并问道:“打扰一下,你看到我的可可了吗?”sees与asks是连续并列动作,故填连词and。
47.句意:我找不到我的可可了。情态动词can’t后面必须接动词原形,故填动词原形find。
48.句意:它是白色和棕色的,它的眼睛又大又蓝。主语eyes是复数,本句时态为一般现在时,所以be动词应填are。
49.句意:这是灰色汽车旁边的两条狗。后文are和two dogs均为复数指示,所以填this的复数形式these,此处位于句首,首字母大写,故填These。
50.句意:其中有一条是可可是吗?根据空格前的“one”和空格后的“them”,可知此处是one of them结构,意为“它们中的一个”,故填of。
初中动词和动词短语考点梳理
考点一 动词的分类
分类
特点
例句
实义动词
表示动作或状态,有完整的词义,能独立作谓语。按其带不带宾语可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
Give me some ink, please. 请给我一些墨水。
He works hard. 他工作努力。
连系动词
本身有词义,不能独立作谓语,必须和表语一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。
He is a teacher. 他是一位老师。
They look the same. 他们看起来一样。
助动词
本身无词义,不能独立作谓语,只能和实义动词一起构成谓语。可用来表示否定、疑问、时态、语态、语气等。
I am watching TV. 我正在看电视。
I don’t speak English. 我不说英语。
情态动词
本身有一定的意义,表示人的语气和情态,不可单独作谓语,须和实义动词或系动词一起构成谓语。
Tom can swim. 汤姆会游泳。
May I come in? 我可以进来吗?
1.实义动词
分类
用法
例句
及物
动词
能直接跟宾语
She bought a hook yesterday. 她昨天买了一本书。
【知识拓展】
1. 单宾语动词:即只可接一个宾语的动词,如:accept接受;discover发现;enjoy享受;forget忘记;borrow借入;buy买;catch抓;invent发明;found建造;like喜欢;find寻找;forget忘记;receive接受;see看见;say说;show展示;make做;tell告诉等。
I’m sorry that I forgot your address. 对不起,我忘了你的地址。
2. 双宾语动词:即后接间接宾语(指人)和直接宾语(指物)的动词,如:give给;buy买;pay付款;hand递;read读;return返还;sell卖等。
I am going to return him the books tomorrow afternoon. 我明天下午要把书还给他。
3. 接复合宾语的动词:后接宾语和宾补的动词,如:believe相信;find发现;hear听见,听说;keep保持;make使得;see看见等。
They kept him waiting at the door for twenty minutes. 他们让他在门口等了20分钟。
4. 接动名词作宾语的动词:如advise建议;consider考虑;finish完成;imagine想象;practise练习;suggest建议等。
She practices playing the piano every day. 她每天都练习弹钢琴。
5. 接不定式作宾语的动词:如agree同意;decide决定,下决心;hope希望;refuse拒绝;manage设法等。
Bill refused to take responsibility for the accident. 比尔拒绝对那次事故负责任。
不及物动词
不能直接跟宾语
He is waiting for you at the gate. 他在门口等着你。
【知识拓展】
常见的不及物动词:ache疼痛;appear出现;arise出现,上升,起立;arrive到达;belong属于;care关心;come来;cough咳嗽;cry哭;die死亡;disappear消失;exist存在,生存;faint昏倒,变得微弱;fall落下;flow流动;go去;happen发生;laugh笑;lie躺;listen听;live生活,居住;look看;occur发生;rise上升,起立;sit坐;smile微笑;swim游泳
2.系动词
分类
常用词
例句
表示主语的状态、特征和身份等
be(是),look(看起来),seem(似乎),feel(感觉),appear(出现),smell(闻起来),taste(尝起来),sound(听起来)
He is a good father. 他是一位好父亲。
She looks younger than before. 她看起来比以前年轻。
表示主语从一种状态到另一种状态,但侧重于转变后的结果
turn(转变),become(成为),get(得到),grow(增长),go(去),fall(跌落),come(来),prove(证明)
Everyone will grow old. 每个人都会变老。
After a few years, the things got worse and worse. 几年后,情况变得越来越糟糕。
表示主语保持某种身份、特征或状态不变
keep(保持),remain(仍旧),stay(保持),continue(继续)
The old man stays calm. 老人保持平静。
Keep quiet while you’re going around. 参观时要保持安静。
3.助动词
be
人称
数
现在时态
过去时态
现在分词
过去分词
第一人称
单数
am
was
being
been
复数
are
were
第二人称
单数
are
were
复数
are
were
第三人称
单数
is
was
复数
are
were
【知识拓展】be的用法:be主要用来构成进行时态和被动语态。
1. "be+现在分词"构成进行时态。
My boy friend is reading a newspaper in the sofa. 我的男朋友正坐在沙发上看报纸。
2. "be+及物动词的过去分词"构成被动语态。
The truth will be known to everyone. 真相将会大白于天下。
助动词do
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
do
do not
don’t
第三人称单数
does
does not
doesn’t
过去式
did
did not
didn’t
【知识拓展】助动词do的用法:do主要用来构成否定句、疑问句或对谓语动词进行强调。
1. 用do构成否定句和疑问句。I don’t like this kind of music. 我不喜欢这种音乐。
2. "do+动词原形"构成强调句。I do need your help. 我的确需要你的帮助。
助动词have
形式
肯定式
否定式
缩略否定式
原形
have
have not
haven’t
第三人称单数
has
has not
hasn’t
过去式
had
had not
hadn’t
【知识拓展】助动词have的用法:have 与过去分词构成各种完成时态。
We haven’t seen for a long time. 我们很久没见面了
考点二 动词的基本形式
形式
规则变化
例句
一般现在时第三人称单数
一般情况在动词后直接加-s
look→looks;work→works
以o、s、x、sh、ch结尾的动词,后加-es
catch→catches;go→goes
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-es
study→studies;try→tries
现在分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ing
read→reading;go→going
以ee、oe、ye结尾的动词,直接加-ing
see →seeing;toe→toeing
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,先去掉e,再加-ing
love→loving;write→writing
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ing
cut→cutting;put→putting
少数以ie结尾的动词,先变ie 为y再加-ing
die→dying;lie→lying
过去式和过去分词
一般情况在动词后直接加-ed
ask→asked;help→helped
以不发音字母e结尾的动词,只加-d
like→liked;live→lived
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i,再加-ed
cry→cried;study→studied
以重读闭音节结尾,词尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,先双写辅音字母,再加-ed
stop→stopped;plan→planned
考点三 动词短语
构成方式
常见短语
动词+冠词+名词
give a concert开音乐会,give a tea进行测试,have a rest休息,have a picnic野餐,have a try试一试,keep a record保持纪录,leave a message留言,make a face做鬼脸,make a living谋生,make a speech进行演讲,pay a bill付账,take a risk冒险
动词+名词
catch fire着火,keep watch守望/值班,make repairs维修,play sports做运动,take action采取行,take measures采取措施,take place发生/举行
动词+名词+介词
catch hold of抓住,catch sight of看见,make contributions to对……做贡献,make room for给……腾地方,make use of利用,pay attention to注意,take advantage of利用,make contact with和……接触/联系,take pride in以……为豪
动词+介词+名词
come into use开始使用,get into trouble陷入麻烦,play with fire玩火/冒险,wait in line排队等候
动词+宾语+介词+名词
bring... to mind使想起,put... into use应用,put... into practice实行/实施,take... for example以……为例
动词+副词+介词
add up to合计达,break away from脱离,come up with想出/提出,catch up with赶上,追上,go ahead with开始,着手,go in for参加/追求,go along with一起去,hold on to坚持,keep away from远离,look down upon瞧不起/轻视,put up with忍受/容忍,run out of用完
典例示范
1.The writer ________ his first novel when he was only 18 years old.
A.published B.came out C.wrote D.printed
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这位作家在仅仅18岁时就出版了他的第一部小说。published出版,及物动词,可直接接宾语;came out出版,不及物动词短语,不直接加宾语;wrote写;printed印刷。根据“The writer...his first novel”和“only 18 years old.”,仅18岁就“出版”了第一部小说;novel为名词,所以空处需用及物动词。应填published。
2.There ________ many beautiful flowers among the bushes.
A.is B.are C.has D.have
【答案】B
【详解】句意:灌木丛中有很多美丽的花。is是;are是;has有;have有。there be句型表示“某地有某物”,不能与have/has混用,主语flowers是复数,be动词用are。应填are。
3.—What ________ your parents usually ________ after dinner?
—They usually take a walk.
A.do; do B.did; do C.are; doing D.does; do
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——晚饭后你父母通常做什么?——他们通常散步。第一个空位于特殊疑问词后,对实义动词提问,应是助动词,一般现在时,主语为parents,应借助助动词do提问;第二个空,助动词do后用实义动词原形do。
4.I ________ not like apples, but I ________ some yesterday.
A.do; ate B.am; eat C.did; eat D.do; eat
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我不喜欢苹果,但是我昨天吃了一些。第一空表示一贯的喜好,需用一般现在时,like是实义动词,主语是I,否定句需借助助动词do;第二空根据yesterday可知时态是一般过去时,需用eat的过去式ate。
5.You ________ stay away from deep water for your own safety.
A.can B.may C.should D.could
【答案】C
【详解】句意:为了你自己的安全,你应该远离深水。can能,会;may可以,可能;should应该;could能,可以。根据“for your own safety”可知是出于安全考虑提出的建议,表示“应该”。
即学即练习
1.—I feel bored these days.
—You ________ take up a new hobby to kill time.
A.should B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——最近我感到很无聊。——你应该培养一个新爱好来消磨时间。should应该;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t禁止;can’t不能。根据“I feel bored these days.”可知说话人感到无聊,答语是给对方提出建议,表示“应该”做某事来改善状况。
2.The moon ________ at night and ________ in the morning. It’s a regular cycle.
A.rises; sets B.raises; sets C.rises; falls D.raises; falls
【答案】A
【详解】句意:月亮在夜晚升起,在清晨落下,这是自然规律。 rise升起;raise举起;set落下;fall掉落。根据常识可知月亮夜晚升起清晨落下,rise表日月自然升起,set表日月自然落下,应填rises;sets。
3.— Where ________ your sister go last Sunday?
— She went to the library.
A.do B.does C.did D.was
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你姐姐上周日去哪里了?———她去了图书馆。根据时间状语“last Sunday”及答语中的“went”可知句子时态为一般过去时,句中已有实义动词go,变疑问句需借助助动词did。
4.Everyone in our class ________ interested in beautiful natural views.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们班里的每个人都对美丽的自然风景感兴趣。根据“Everyone in our class”可知,主语是不定代词“Everyone”,不定代词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,所以用is。
5.Students are preparing for the Art Festival and they will ________ a drama.
A.put on B.put up C.turn on D.turn up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:学生们正在为艺术节做准备,他们将要上演一出戏剧。 put on上演;put up张贴;turn on打开;turn up调高/出现。根据“they will ... a drama”可知,此处需要搭配“戏剧”,表达“上演戏剧”的含义,应填put on。
6.—What do you think of reading?
—It can help us ________ our eyes to the world.
A.open up B.turn up C.get up D.pick up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你觉得阅读怎么样?——它可以帮助我们开阔视野看向世界。open up打开;turn up出现;get up起床;pick up捡起。open up one’s eyes to the world“开阔某人对世界的眼界”,是固定搭配,符合句意。
7.We should be kind to animals and ________ them carefully.
A.look for B.look after C.look at D.look out
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们应该善待动物并且仔细照顾它们。look for寻找;look after照顾、照料;look at看;look out小心、当心。根据前半句“We should be kind to animals”可知,此处表示要善待并照顾动物。look after符合语境。
8.Could you please help me ________ the pictures on the wall, Mike?
A.put up B.put on C.put away D.put off
【答案】A
【详解】句意:迈克,你能帮我把画张贴在墙上吗?put up张贴、悬挂;put on穿上;put away收起来;put off推迟。根据“Could you please help me…the pictures on the wall”可知,此处表示把画挂在墙上,应用put up。应填put up。
易混易错
1.时态混用,尤其现在完成时与一般过去时区分不清;
2.主动 / 被动语态判断失误,不及物动词误用被动;
3.非谓语 to do /doing 搭配记混,易混词组(remember/stop 等)辨析错误;
4.使役 / 感官动词省 to 规则,被动语态漏加 to;
5.动词短语中代词位置错误(动副短语代词不后置);
6.look forward to 等短语后误接动词原形(to 为介词,用 doing);
7.情态动词推测用法、Must 一般疑问句回答出错;
8.延续 / 非延续动词在现在完成时中混用;
9.感官系动词后误用副词;
10.近义动词(spend/cost 等)句式搭配混淆。
解题方略
步骤 1:判句子主干,区分谓语、非谓语
句子已有 be 动词 / 情态动词 / 助动词,空格填非谓语 to do/doing/done;
无谓语动词,空格作谓语,先判断时态 + 语态。
步骤 2:定时态(两步判断)
找显性线索:时间词 since/yesterday/next week、when/while 从句;
无标志词看语境:动作先后、是否持续、是否对现在有影响;
现在完成时重点:出现 for/since,短暂动词变延续性动词。
步骤 3:辨主动 / 被动
主语能发出动作→主动;主语承受动作→被动(be+done);
不及物动词 (happen/arrive) 无被动,直接排除被动形式。
步骤 4:核对动词变形规则
一般现在时三单、过去式、现在分词变形;
情态动词后必用动词原形;
助动词 do/does/did 后动词还原原形。
步骤 5:情态动词专属判断逻辑
表许可、能力、义务看基础词义;
表推测:must 肯定推测、may/might 可能、can’t 不可能;
Must I…? 否定回答用 needn’t/don’t have to。
步骤 6:非谓语动词固定搭配速判
只接 doing:enjoy/mind/finish/practice/look forward to;
只接 to do:want/hope/decide/plan;
感官 / 使役动词 see/make/let 后接原形,变被动加 to;
对比记忆:stop/remember/forget to do vs doing。
【基础通关】
一、单词拼写
1.Here ________ (be) a nice pen for you.
【答案】is
【详解】句意:这有一支好看的笔送给你。本句为here引导的倒装句式,be动词的形式由其后的名词决定,句中a nice pen为单数名词短语,对应的be动词要用is。
2.We should ________ (greet) our teachers politely every morning.
【答案】greet
【详解】句意:我们应该每天早上礼貌地问候我们的老师。句中should是情态动词,情态动词后需要接动词原形,因此动词greet使用原形形式即可,故填greet。
3.I can’t ________ (hear) the music. Who is crying?
【答案】hear
【详解】句意:我听不见音乐了,是谁在哭?情态动词“can’t”后面必须跟动词原形,需用动词原形hear。
4.The exciting game makes us ________ (feel) relaxed.
【答案】feel
【详解】句意:这场令人激动的比赛让我们感到放松。make sb do是固定结构,空处用动词原形feel。
5.—Can I ________ (借) your eraser?
—Sure. Here you are.
【答案】borrow
【详解】句意:——我能借你的橡皮吗?——当然,给你。“借”对应的英文动词是“borrow”,情态动词“Can”后接动词原形,故填borrow。
6.The patient could hardly ________ (breath) after running for a short while.
【答案】breathe
【详解】句意:这位病人跑了短短一会儿后几乎无法呼吸。括号内提示词为“breath”(名词),空格位于情态动词“could”与副词“hardly”之后,需填动词原形。动词“呼吸”的英文为“breathe”。故填breathe。
7.You had better ________ (go) away at once.
【答案】go
【详解】句意:你最好马上离开。原句中“had better”是情态动词,意为“最好”,后面必须跟动词原形。因此,括号里的go保持原形填入即可,go away意为“离开/走开”,符合语境。故填go。
8.We shouldn’t r________ (拒绝) to help others because we also need help sometimes.
【答案】refuse/efuse
【详解】句意:我们不应该拒绝帮助他人,因为我们有时也需要帮助。情态动词shouldn’t后需接动词原形,结合汉语提示“拒绝”及首字母r,应填refuse。
9.Her sister can ________ (speak) English.
【答案】speak
【详解】句意:她的姐姐会说英语。句中“can”为情态动词,意为“能、会”,后接动词原形构成谓语,表示具备某种能力。故填speak。
10.Hua Luogeng can ________ many difficult math problems. (算出;解决)
【答案】work out
【详解】句意:华罗庚能够算出许多数学难题。题干中文提示“算出;解决”,对应work out固定动词短语,专指解出数学题、算出答案,契合math problems语境。情态动词can后必须搭配动词原形,不受主语人称、时态变化影响。故填work;out。
二、单项选择
11.—________ Jim ________ playing football?
—Yes. He always plays football after school ________ other boys.
A.Is; like; likes B.Does; like; likes C.Does; like; like D.Is; like; like
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——吉姆喜欢踢足球吗?——喜欢。他放学后总是像其他男孩一样踢足球。考查一般疑问句及like的用法。Is是;Does助动词,无实际语义;like喜欢,像。根据句意可知,第一句话like是“喜欢的”意思,为实义动词,用助动词does构成一般疑问句;第二句话中的like是“像”的意思,介词没有形式的变化。故选C。
12.The boy ________ a yellow shirt ________ a pair of glasses.
A.in; wears B.with; with C.wears; wears D.in; with
【答案】A
【详解】句意:穿黄色衬衫的男孩戴着一副眼镜。考查介词和动词辨析。in穿着……颜色的衣服;with带有,和;wear穿着,戴着。第一空表示穿黄色衬衫,应用介词in,为介词短语作后置定语;第二空为谓语动词,主语The boy是第三人称单数,应用动词wear的第三人称单数形式。故选A。
13.The pair of shoes ________ white and black. My shoes ________ red.
A.are; are B.is; are C.is; is D.are; is
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这双鞋是黑白相间的。我的鞋是红色的。are是,主语是复数;is是,主语是单数名词或不可数名词。第一空主语“The pair of shoes”中心词是pair,表单数概念,be动词用is;第二空主语“My shoes”是复数名词,be动词用are。
14.—Do you like the picture by Bob White?
—Yes, it ________ nice and full of feeling!
A.feels B.looks C.sounds D.tastes
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你喜欢鲍勃·怀特的那幅画吗?——是的,它看起来很美且充满感情!
feels摸起来/感觉;looks看起来;sounds听起来;tastes尝起来。根据“Do you like the picture”可知,主语是画,属于视觉对象,应用looks。
15.This week, the weather ________ to change every day: One day is hot, while the next is cold.
A.seems B.looks C.sounds D.feels
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这周,天气似乎每天都在变化:一天热,第二天就冷。
考查动词辨析。seems似乎;looks看起来;sounds听起来;feels摸起来,感觉起来。根据下文“One day is hot, while the next is cold.”可知,一天热,第二天就冷,所以此处是指天气似乎在变化;考查seem to do sth.“似乎做某事”,固定搭配。故选A。
16.I ________ like pears, but my brother Bill ________.
A.aren’t; is B.don’t; does C.doesn’t; do D.does; do
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我不喜欢梨,但我哥哥Bill喜欢。
根据主语“I”可知,第一空表示否定,需用助动词“don’t”(与like构成否定);根据“my brother Bill”是第三人称单数,且but表转折(Bill喜欢),第二空用“does”代替“likes pears”以避免重复。
17.Jack ________ lunch at school. He ________ lunch at home.
A.doesn’t have; has B.doesn’t have; have C.don’t have; has D.don’t have; have
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Jack不在学校吃午饭。他在家吃午饭。考查动词时态和变形。根据“Jack...lunch at home.”可知,此次是在陈述Jack通常的午餐地点,时态应为一般现在时。空一主语Jack为第三人称单数,助动词应用does,此处为否定句,其否定形式是doesn’t,后接动词原形have;空二主语he为第三人称单数,动词have应用三单形式has。故选A。
18.— ________ we go to the Children’s Home this weekend?
—Good idea. What about buying some toys to cheer them up?
A.Should B.Need C.Can D.Shall
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——这个周末我们去儿童之家好吗?——好主意。买些玩具让他们开心怎么样?
考查动词辨析。Should应该;Need需要;Can能;Shall将要。根据“Good idea”可知,上文应是征求意见,由主语“we”判断,这是第一人称,应用shall进行提问。故选D。
19.—May I ride the horse?
—No, you ________.
A.needn’t B.may not C.can’t D.mustn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我可以骑这匹马吗?——不,你不能。 needn’t不必;may not可能不;can’t不能;mustn’t禁止。根据问句“May I ride the horse?”可知,此处是请求许可,回答“No”表示不允许。英语中,用may提问请求许可时,否定回答通常用can’t表示“不能/不可以”,而非mustn’t(mustn’t侧重“禁止”,语气更强,常用于规定而非回应请求)。因此应填can’t。
20.Mr. Brown comes to China and ________ with this country at once (立即).
A.come up B.falls in love C.get on D.work out
【答案】B
【详解】句意:布朗先生来到中国,立刻就爱上了这个国家。come up出现;falls in love爱上;get on上车;work out。根据句中谓语动词comes可知,时态为一般现在时,主语Mr. Brown为第三人称单数,and连接并列谓语,故空处动词也需用第三人称单数形式,fall in love with意为“爱上”,符合语境,且falls形式正确。应填falls in love。
三、完形填空
My name is Emma. I’m 12 years old. I’m a student in Grade 7. I study at No. 1 Middle School. My school is very nice and clean. I 21 my school very much.
I have six classes every day. I get up at 6:30 a. m. Then I have breakfast with my family. I 22 to school at 7:30 a.m. School 23 at 8:00 a.m. My favorite subject is English. It’s very 24 . I have English classes on Monday, Wednesday and Friday. My English teacher is Ms. White. She is from England. She is very kind and her classes are very interesting. We all 25 her.
At 12:00 p.m. , I have lunch at school with my classmates. The food in the school dining hall is 26 . I like eating rice and vegetables for lunch. After lunch, we have a rest for an hour.
Classes start again at 1:30 p.m. We have two classes in the afternoon. School is over at 3:30 p.m. After school, I often 27 sports with my friends on the playground. I like playing tennis. It’s my favorite sport. I go home at 5:00 p. m.
I have a 28 day at school every day. I love my school life and my classmates. We are like a big 29 . I’m very 30 to study in this school.
On weekends, I don’t go to school. I often read books at home 31 my sister. Sometimes we go to the cinema 32 our parents. We watch interesting movies and 33 a good time there. I also like to 34 my room on Sundays. It’s a good habit to keep my room tidy. All in all, my life is happy and 35 .
21.A.love B.know C.meet D.find
22.A.walk B.walks C.walking D.to walk
23.A.start B.starts C.starting D.to start
24.A.boring B.difficult C.interesting D.easy
25.A.like B.likes C.liking D.to like
26.A.bad B.delicious C.boring D.difficult
27.A.play B.plays C.playing D.to play
28.A.busy B.free C.sad D.boring
29.A.family B.class C.school D.grade
30.A.sad B.happy C.cool D.easy
31.A.with B.and C.for D.about
32.A.to B.with C.for D.on
33.A.have B.has C.having D.to have
34.A.clean B.cleans C.cleaning D.to clean
35.A.boring B.difficult C.colorful D.sad
【答案】
21.A 22.A 23.B 24.C 25.A 26.B 27.A 28.A 29.A 30.B 31.A 32.B 33.A 34.A 35.C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了 Emma的学校日常生活及周末活动,表达了她对学校生活的热爱和积极态度。
【详解】21.句意:我非常爱我的学校。
根据前文“My school is very nice and clean.”可知,作者对学校印象好,所以会热爱学校,love“爱”,符合题意。
22.句意:我早上 7:30 步行去学校。
主语是“I”,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用原形walk,表示“步行”。
23.句意:学校早上 8:00 开始上课。
根据主语“School”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式starts,表示“开始”。
24.句意:它非常有趣.
根据“My favorite subject”及后文“classes are very interesting”可知,此处指课堂有趣,interesting表示“有趣的”,符合题意。
25.句意:我们都喜欢她。
由于主语“We”是复数,谓语动词用原形like,表示“喜欢”。
26.句意:学校食堂的食物很美味。
根据后文“I like eating...”可知,食物味道好,所以会喜欢,delicious表示“美味的”,符合题意。
27.句意:放学后,我经常和朋友在操场做运动。
由于主语是“I”,时态为一般现在时,谓语动词用原形play sports,表示“做运动”。
28.句意:我在学校每天度过忙碌的一天.
根据前文描述,每天有六节课,且包含校园活动,因此学校生活通常是忙碌的,busy“忙碌的”,符合语境。
29.句意:我们就像一个大家庭。
根据“I love my school life and my classmates.”可知,同学关系亲密,可以比喻为家庭,family“家庭”,符合语境。
30.句意:我很高兴在这所学校学习。
全文都表达了作者对学校的喜爱,因此能在这里学习作者很开心,happy“开心的”,符合题意。
31.句意:我经常在家和妹妹一起读书。
此处表示“和妹妹一起看书”,用介词with表示“和……一起”,表示伴随状态,用介词with连接并列成分。
32.句意:有时我们和父母一起去电影院。
此处表示“和父母一起去电影院”,用介词with表示“和……一起”,表示伴随状态。
33.句意:我们在那里看电影并度过愉快时光。
主语是“we”,此处和谓语动词“watch”并列作谓语,用动词原形have,have a good time是固定短语,表示“玩得开心”。
34.句意:我也喜欢在周日打扫我的房间。
“I also like to...my room”表明,此处强调喜欢打扫房间,like to do sth.“喜欢做某事”,不定式符号to后接动词原形,clean my room意为“打扫我的房间”。
35.句意:总之,我的生活是快乐和多彩的。
根据“happy and...”可知,校园生活充实,周末也有丰富的活动,因此生活开心又丰富多彩,colorful表示“丰富多彩的”,符合题意。
【培优提升】
四、语法选择
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使短文连贯完整。
Mr. Jason is 36 English teacher in our school. He 37 from Singapore (新加坡). He is 35. He is kind and we all like 38 . He says Singapore is a beautiful city. It is not far 39 China. There are many Chinese people and you can 40 Chinese and English there. There is a Night zoo called Singapore Night Safari (夜间野生动物园). There are a lot of animals 41 monkeys and lions. The zoo is open at night. Mr. Jason often takes his children there. He often notices a monkey 42 out in front of the audience (观众).
Mr. Jason likes 43 very much. He usually plays it with his friends after school. He sometimes 44 the games on TV. Ma Long is his favorite table tennis star. He thinks Ma Long plays table tennis very 45 . He hopes he can play with Ma Long one day.
36.A.a B.an C.the D./
37.A.come B.am C.is D.are
38.A.he B.she C.him D.her
39.A.away B.from C.behind D.under
40.A.talk B.say C.tell D.speak
41.A.for B.with C.like D.about
42.A.act B.acts C.to act D.acting
43.A.table tennis B.basketball C.volleyball D.football
44.A.sees B.looks C.reads D.watches
45.A.nice B.good C.well D.great
【答案】
36.B 37.C 38.C 39.B 40.D 41.C 42.D 43.A 44.D 45.C
【导语】本文主要介绍了杰森先生的个人信息、来自新加坡的背景以及他的兴趣爱好,特别是他对乒乓球的喜爱及偶像马龙。
【详解】36.句意:杰森先生是我们学校的一名英语老师。English是以元音音素开头的单词,表示“一位”时,需用不定冠词an;a用于辅音音素开头的单词前,the表特指,均不符合语境。
37.句意:他来自新加坡。come from=be from“来自”,主语He是第三人称单数,动词用第三人称单数形式comes from或is from,is符合。
38.句意:他很善良,我们都喜欢他。动词like后需接人称代词的宾格形式,Jason是男性,因此用him。
39.句意:它离中国不远。固定搭配far from表示“离……远”,是固定短语;away常与from连用,不能单独使用;behind(在……后面)、under(在……下面)与语境不符。
40.句意:你可以在那里说中文和英文。表示“说某种语言”时,需用动词speak;talk侧重交谈过程,say后接具体内容,tell侧重“告诉”,均不符合语言搭配习惯。
41.句意:有很多动物,像猴子和狮子。此处表示举例说明,用介词like(像、比如);for(为了)、with(和……一起)、about(关于)均不符合语境。
42.句意:他经常注意到一只猴子在观众面前表演。固定搭配notice sb./sth. doing sth.表示“注意到某人/某物正在做某事”,强调动作正在进行,因此用acting。
43.句意:杰森先生非常喜欢乒乓球。后文提到“Ma Long is his favorite table tennis star(马龙是他最喜欢的乒乓球明星)”,可推断他喜欢的运动是table tennis(乒乓球)。
44.句意:他有时在电视上看比赛。表示“在电视上看比赛/节目”时,需用动词watch;see侧重“看见”的结果,look侧重“看”的动作,read用于阅读文字内容,均不符合语境。
45.句意:他认为马龙乒乓球打得很好。此处需要副词修饰动词plays,well是副词,可修饰动词;nice、good、 great均为形容词,不能直接修饰动词。
五、选词填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。注意每空一词,每词仅用一次,有两词为多余项。
football be from first happy at see also both help beautiful he
Hello, everyone! I am in my new school now. I have some good friends here. They are all nice. Please come with me and 46 them.
First, the tall boy is Frank. Look 47 his blue eyes. He is from the USA.He lives with 48 parents in Nanjing. Frank is a kind boy. He often 49 me with my English. He likes basketball. Yao Ming and Jordan 50 his idols (偶像). And Kitty, a(n) 51 girl with big eyes, always smiles. She is a good student and she is always the 52 one to arrive (到达) at the classroom. She is good at all her subjects. Leon is 53 my friend. He isn’t tall. He doesn’t like basketball, but he likes 54 . He is in the football team of our school.
I am really 55 to have these three good friends. How lucky I am!
【答案】
46.see 47.at 48.his 49.helps 50.are 51.beautiful 52.first 53.also 54.football 55.happy
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了在新学校认识的三位好朋友:Frank、Kitty和Leon,分别描述了他们的外貌、性格、爱好以及作者与他们相处的感受。
【详解】46.句意:请跟我来,看看他们。and连接两个并列动作,come and see为常用结构,表示“来看看”。see意为“看见、认识”,符合语境。
47.句意:看他的蓝眼睛。look at为固定搭配,意为“看……”。
48.句意:他和父母一起住在南京。空格后为名词parents,需用形容词性物主代词修饰,指“他的父母”。he的物主代词为his。
49.句意:他经常帮助我学习英语。描述经常发生的动作,用一般现在时。主语He为第三人称单数,help需加-s。help sb. with sth.意为“在某方面帮助某人”。
50.句意:姚明和乔丹是他的偶像。主语Yao Ming and Jordan为两个人,复数概念,be动词用are。
51.句意:Kitty,一个有着大眼睛的漂亮女孩,总是面带微笑。空格后为名词girl,需填形容词作定语。beautiful意为“漂亮的”,符合对女孩外貌的描述。
52.句意:她是一个好学生,总是第一个到达教室。the后接序数词,表示“第……个”。first意为“第一个”,符合“总是早到”的语境。
53.句意:Leon也是我的朋友。前文已介绍Frank和Kitty,此处介绍另一位朋友,应用also表示“也”,放在be动词is之后。
54.句意:他不喜欢篮球,但他喜欢足球。前文说他不喜欢篮球,but表示转折,说明他喜欢另一项运动。football“足球”与后文“他在学校足球队”呼应。故填football。
55.句意:我真的很高兴有这三个好朋友。be happy to do sth.意为“很高兴做某事”;同时前文描述朋友的好,此处表达作者的心情。happy意为“高兴的”,符合语境。
六、短文填空
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Hello! My name is Becca Jones. Becca is my 56 (one) name. How do you 57 (spell) my last name? It’s J-O-N-E-S, Jones. I am a 58 (teach) at Berkeley Junior High School in America. I love animals (动物) very much. I think they are our good 59 (friend). I often go to the Animal Rescue Center (动物救助中心) to help. There are many dogs at the Animal Rescue Center and they don’t have homes. I really want to help them find new homes.
Now let me 60 (show) you a picture! The dog in the picture is 61 (I). One day, I brought (带来) it from the Animal Rescue Center to school. 62 is its name? Its name is Bagel. My students like it very much. They play games 63 Bagel. They also write English words (单词) 64 draw (画) some cute pictures of dogs and cats at the Animal Rescue Center. These animals find their new homes quickly. The students and I 65 (be) very happy about that.
Boys and girls, if you want to adopt (收养) an animal, please call me at 0731-88226655.
【答案】
56.first 57.spell 58.teacher 59.friends 60.show 61.mine 62.What 63.with 64.and 65.are
【导语】本文介绍了美国老师Becca Jones的个人信息,讲述了她和学生们帮助动物救助中心的故事,传递了关爱动物的主题。
【详解】56.句意:Becca是我的名。在英语中,名在前、姓在后,固定搭配为first name,故基数词one需变为序数词first。
57.句意:你怎么拼写我的姓?特殊疑问句中,助动词do后需接动词原形,故填spell。
58.句意:我是美国伯克利初中的一名老师。冠词a后需接名词,teach的名词形式为teacher。
59.句意:我认为它们是我们的好朋友。主语they为复数,因此friend需变为复数形式。
60.句意:现在让我给你看一张照片!固定搭配let sb. do sth.表示“让某人做某事”,动词用原形。
61.句意:照片里的狗是我的。此处表示“我的”,后面无名词,需用名词性物主代词,I对应的名词性物主代词为mine。
62.句意:它的名字是什么?根据下文回答“Its name is Bagel.”,此处是询问名字,用特殊疑问词What,句首首字母需大写。
63.句意:他们和Bagel一起玩游戏。固定搭配play games with...表示“和……一起玩游戏”,故用介词with。
64.句意:他们还在动物救助中心写英语单词,并且画一些可爱的猫狗图片。write English words和draw some cute pictures是并列动作,需用并列连词and连接。
65.句意:我和学生们对此都很开心。主语The students and I是复数,因此be动词用are。
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