暑假作业07 阅读理解（议论文）（巩固培优）高二英语人教版

**基本信息** 聚焦议论文阅读理解，整合考情分析、命题规律与解题策略，构建“特征-题型-方法”三维训练体系，强化逻辑思维与文本解构能力，提升语言理解与批判性思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考情分析|6大特征+4大命题规律|主旨题抓中心论点、态度题依托论据与转折词、论证题辨逻辑作用|从文本特征（论点清晰/论据多元）到题型分类（主旨/态度/论证等），形成“特征-题型-解法”推导链| |典例训练|3篇议论文本（每篇4题）|推理题紧扣原文事实、逻辑题区分因果/对比关系|精选数字生活、科技伦理等高频主题，覆盖主旨、态度、论证手法等核心考法，实现以题练逻辑、以例固方法|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业07阅读理解（议论文） 历年考情 1. 特征 · 论点清晰：首尾段集中亮明立场，极少模糊中立 · 论据多元：事例、数据、引言、现实现象为主 · 逻辑规整：固定论证方式 —— 举例、对比、因果 2. 题材：青年成长、科技利弊、教育方式、社会公德、生态环保、文化交流为主，贴近高中生生活 3. 篇幅：300–400 词，生词量可控，长难句集中在观点段 命题规律 1. 主旨题必考：围绕全文中心论点设题，干扰项多为分论点 / 单一论据 2. 态度 / 写作意图高频：依托论据、转折词判断作者褒贬倾向 3. 论证手法细节题：提问举例、对比的作用，考查逻辑理解 4. 推理题紧扣论据：不脱离原文事实，杜绝主观臆断 5. 行文逻辑设空：区分因果、正反对比、递进关系 考向预测 1. 主题侧重：数字生活利弊、劳动教育、低碳生活、传统文化传承、人际社交 2. 命题趋势：弱化单纯找信息，强化逻辑论证理解；增多 “例子作用” 类逻辑题型 3. 文本变化：短评类议论文增多，观点分层更明显，正反两方对比类文章占比提升 4. 设问倾向：侧重推断作者深层意图、辨析分论点与中心论点差异 Passage 1 Imagine standing in front of a supermarket shelf with 40 types of jam. You might think more choices would make you happier, but research suggests otherwise. The “Paradox of Choice” is a fascinating concept that has interested sociologists for decades. On the surface, more options seem to offer more freedom and satisfaction. We live in an age when the vast abundance of choices, from streaming services to online shopping, should, in theory, make our lives better. However, research has shown that this overwhelming variety can lead to “decision paralysis,” where we get stuck with so many options that we can hardly make up our minds. In fact, an abundance of choices can reduce overall satisfaction with our decisions. Psychologist Barry Schwartz explains that people who are presented with too many options tend to become “maximizers” — individuals who keep trying to find the best choice. They compare every feature, price, and possibility, often fearing that they might miss out on a better option. This leads to a state of constant regret, even before the decision is made, as they worry about what they might have overlooked. In contrast, “satisfiers” look for something that meets their basic needs and are generally happier with their outcomes. They don’t need the best option; they just need one that works for them. They are content with their choices because they aren’t paralyzed by the possibility of making the wrong one. While maximizers are trapped in endless comparison, satisfiers are content because they aren’t paralyzed by the fear of making the wrong choice. Social media has made this paradox even worse by acting as a “never-ending comparison machine.” We no longer just compare ourselves to our neighbors, but we compare our lives to edited, idealized versions of other people’s lives around the world. This constant exposure to better alternatives only increases the sense of discontent with our own decisions. To address this, some experts recommend voluntary limitation. By consciously limiting our choices, whether it’s through a minimalist wardrobe (衣柜) or a simplified diet, we can reduce unnecessary mental pressure that stops us from deciding easily. The goal is not to have less, but to free up space for what truly matters to us. By intentionally narrowing our options, we can make more room for meaningful experiences. 1．What is the author’s attitude to diverse choices? A．Critical. B．Enthusiastic. C．Dismissive. D．Defensive. 2．What is a typical behavior of a “satisfier”? A．Making quick decisions naturally. B．Feeling satisfied with every choice. C．Seeking the perfect option constantly. D．Caring much about online comparisons. 3．What role does social media play in the paradox of choice? A．It helps people find better deals online. B．It simplifies the decision-making process. C．It provides a realistic view of others’ lives. D．It fuels dissatisfaction with one’s own choices. 4．What does “voluntary limitation” imply in the last paragraph? A．A lack of digital resources. B．A loss of personal freedom. C．A strategic reduction of choices. D．A temporary break from technology. Passage 2 As a librarian, I am hearing one question often: Do audiobooks qualify as reading? Many people don’t think so. There is a pride — even a snobbishness — to being well read. Telling someone that you have only listened to a certain book usually comes out sounding like an apology. A recent survey found that 41 percent of adults don’t believe audiobooks qualify as reading. One friend of mine, who argues with his husband over this, once memorably told me that listening to a book felt like seeing a musical in New Jersey instead of on a Broadway stage. Close, but not the real thing. I used to feel the same way myself. Part of the disapproval comes from how we tend to think reading works. Reading with the eyes starts with decoding, linking letters to sounds and meanings. But once those pathways are built, the brain draws on the same language network to make sense of words, whether they arrive through sight or sound. A 2019 study of The Journal of Neuroscience by researchers from the university of California found that the brains of people reading or listening to the same stories processed meaning in almost the same way. Focused listening lights up those networks and delivers the same comprehension just as print does. Especially for those with reading disabilities, it can improve comprehension and help them stay with the story. However, casual or distracted listening, like playing an audiobook while doing chores, doesn’t appear to engage those networks fully. In plenty of classrooms, students still track their progress in reading print pages and sending the messages that only print counts. However, teachers should give students credit for listening to books, too. Youngsters who read daily for enjoyment tend to develop stronger skills and score higher in school — on average, roughly the equivalent of a year and a half ahead. They’re also more likely to keep reading for pleasure later in life. Pairing print and audio has shown to improve comprehension for some struggling readers, especially when decoding written text is a barrier. 5．What does the underlined word “snobbishness” refer to? A．The sense of superiority in print reading. B．The prejudice against audio reading. C．The sense of achievement in reading well. D．The ignorance of audio reading. 6．What can be inferred about two reading types from the text? A．The brain functions the same in both processes. B．Decoding the text plays a vital role in print reading. C．Attentive audio reading benefits struggling readers more. D．Distracted reading worsens reading disorder problem. 7．What message does the author convey in the last paragraph? A．Developing the habit of reading regularly. B．Arousing students’ reading interests by audio reading. C．Evaluating students’ progress by print reading. D．Adding audio reading to print reading. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why do We Need Audio Reading? B．Audio Reading Deserves Equal Attention! C．Why is Print Reading More Beneficial? D．Reading is the Best Friend of Youngsters! Passage 3 You have probably heard of the social-media addiction trial that recently took place in Los Angeles. A young woman took Meta and YouTube to court, accusing them of making her addicted to social media — and she won. This interesting court case raises many questions that there are currently no clear answers to, but that people should think about. Social media is extensively used. As many as one in every three people uses social media, and in the USA, people reportedly spend around 6 hours a day on it. In 2025, Facebook had over 3 billion users, followed by WhatsApp and Instagram with about 3 billion each. With such extensive use, it is not strange that social media addiction (SMA) has become a focus for many researchers. One initial research area is the potential classification of SMA．It is worth noting that the DSM-5, a diagnostic tool for psychologists, does not recognize SMA as a distinct mental disorder; it is often discussed as a condition that requires more research. Thus, the conversations around SMA are not necessarily straightforward. However, within research literature, SMA has been described as a specific form of digital technology addiction. It refers to the heavy use of social media platforms which can lead to harmful life consequences. It also shares some components with behavioral disorders like gambling (赌博), including conflict, tolerance and withdrawal. Should social media be regulated (监管) by law? This is another difficult question. As more researchers agree that SMA may be a genuine addictive disorder, it should perhaps be managed to reduce potential risks — much like tobacco, alcohol, and gambling. The cognitive complexity involved in deciding what to view online is also one that should be carefully debated when it comes to children. In most societies, children are guided as to what they can watch in cinemas or on television. It is difficult to see why social media ought to be any different. 9．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By citing a case. B．By giving a definition. C．By making a comparison. D．By explaining a phenomenon. 10．What does the author say about SMA? A．It has unproven consequences. B．It is no different from gambling. C．It arises from social media overuse. D．It is clearly regarded as a mental illness. 11．What is the author’s attitude towards monitoring social media by law? A．Favorable. B．Dismissive. C．Unclear. D．Opposed. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Court Case: A Landmark Victory B．Legal Regulation: A Necessary Step C．Social Media Use: A Global Phenomenon D．Social Media Addiction: A Rising Concern Passage 1 In the digital age, we live in a world designed by recommendation engines. From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly predicting what we might want next. This “algorithmic (算法) system” promises to make our lives more efficient by removing the trouble of making choices. In theory, it should make us more satisfied by delivering exactly what we like. In practice, however, it is creating a “convenience trap” that gradually weakens our sense of self. The fundamental problem with this digital culture is that it is naturally backward-looking. An algorithm functions by analyzing your past behavior — what you clicked, watched, or liked — to suggest something similar. This creates a “repetitive cycle” that strengthens our existing tastes rather than challenging them. If we only ever see what we already like, we lose the chance for unexpected discoveries. We are no longer active explorers of culture; we are merely consumers being fed back our own reflections. Furthermore, this constant digital guidance has a deep psychological impact. As we rely more on machines to make decisions for us, our ability to judge for ourselves begins to disappear. When an app tells us which restaurant to visit or which route to take, we stop exercising our own minds. This leads to a state of “mental autopilot,” where we drift through life following the easiest path provided by data. The personal will that once defined the human experience — the conscious act of making a choice — is being replaced by a passive acceptance of suggestions. To resist this, we must reintroduce intentionality into our daily lives. This does not mean abandoning technology, but making a deliberate effort to seek out the unknown. It might mean wandering into a bookstore without a specific plan, or choosing a movie based on a friend’s suggestion rather than a “match” score. By embracing the unexpected, we can reclaim the autonomy that the digital world takes away. The goal is to ensure that technology remains a tool for our use, rather than a blueprint for who we are. 1．What is the primary function of algorithms? A．To predict future preferences. B．To provide digital security. C．To record users’ past behavior. D．To encourage creative thinking. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss? A．The history of online behavior. B．The restriction of repetitive cycles. C．The benefits of personalized data. D．The importance of cultural diversity. 3．What does the underlined part “mental autopilot” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A skill for future life. B．A result of excessive data. C．A way to save time. D．A loss of independence. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Stay in Control of Our Digital Lives. B．Reflect on the Algorithmic System. C．Regain the Power of Cultural Tastes. D．Escape from the Trap of Algorithms. Passage 2 While artificial intelligence (AI) is praised for its potential to increase efficiency, it often ignores a more human question: how will AI affect the daily experience of work? This experience is what determines whether employees work well together, generate new ideas, or choose to remain in their roles. In response, researchers suggest that measuring employee happiness could provide essential guidance during the AI shift. “Happiness does not take away from high performance. It is the engine of it,” says Nic Marks, an expert on workplace well-being. AI might change job tasks, but it is human leadership that shapes the workplace atmosphere. History offers a lesson: tools like email and smartphones, though designed to save time, frequently made work more stressful and less separate from personal life, proving that technology does not necessarily improve happiness. A significant challenge is employee anxiety, particularly the fear of job loss caused by decisions made without open communication. When such fears are ignored, people become silent and less willing to contribute creatively, which is exactly what companies need to avoid during change. The core issue lies not in AI itself, but in how it is introduced. To overcome this, openness and involving staff in the process are vital to building the sense of security required for success. Regularly measuring happiness gives leaders an immediate understanding of the situation. It shows whether AI tools are truly reducing pressure or creating new burdens (负担 ). This continuous feedback enables quicker adjustments than traditional long-term plans can. A simple practice of measuring, discussing, and adjusting helps create a culture where concerns are addressed early and teams grow stronger. Ultimately, AI will reshape what work is, but whether that work becomes more satisfying or more tiring depends on human choices. In this complex shift, closely attending to how people feel may offer the most reliable guide for ensuring technology truly improves work for everyone. 5．Why does the author mention email and smartphones in paragraph 2? A．To warn against the overuse of AI. B．To compare old and new technologies. C．To explain why workers dislike changes. D．To prove technology’s emotional limitations. 6．What can be inferred about employees’ sense of security? A．It relies on AI’s potential. B．It leads to silence in work. C．It results from ignoring fears. D．It comes from open participation. 7．What does regular measurement of happiness help leaders do? A．Make fast responses. B．Improve work efficiency. C．Reduce work pressure. D．Replace long-term planning. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Workplace fear blocks AI’s progress. B．Historical lesson proves AI’s limitation. C．Employee happiness guides AI’s adoption. D．Emotional impact determines AI’s success. Passage 3 Who will take care of grandma and grandpa when no one is available? This question is becoming urgent as the population ages rapidly and fewer children are being born. For many families, the answer might soon be a robot. This might sound like science fiction, but the reasons are practical, mainly financial. Hiring a caregiver is often too expensive for most families, sometimes costing two or three times more than a humanoid robot, which is estimated at about S20, 000. I believe that robots will assume the care of many elderly people. A robot could potentially be a one-time expense, requiring minimal maintenance and receiving updates through cloud computing technology. And it could function around the clock. I’ve treated elderly patients who had been found wandering the streets or severely dehydrated because of gaps in care. A tireless robot — made possible by improved battery life and the ability to self-charge — could mitigate such problems. Reliable robotic companions could also accompany seniors outside the home for walks or to community events, enhancing rather than weakening their social connections. Furthermore, while actual human contact is preferable, it has real drawbacks. Human caregivers can lose their tempers, but robots are unlikely to have that problem. In a recent study, observers found AI-generated responses to be more empathetic and compassionate than those of humans — a surprising but telling result. A robot with AI-assisted voice technology could potentially understand emotion and intent, clarify instructions, and respond to commands in real time. But where does that leave us? If I know that grandma has her robot, will I opt not to drop by after work when I’m exhausted? Will the neighbors stop checking on her? As her faculties fail, will she feel more at ease with the robot than with her family? 9．What is a robot’s main practical advantage in eldercare? A．Its lower long-term cost. B．Its ability to show friendship. C．Its simple setup and operation. D．Its guarantee of total safety. 10．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Reduce. B．Cause. C．Ignore. D．Discover. 11．What does the author imply by citing the AI study in paragraph 4? A．The urgent need to replace human care B．The potential of AI in showing empathy. C．The general weakness of human caregivers. D．The importance of human emotional interaction. 12．How does the author sound in the last paragraph? A．Angry and accusatory. B．Reflective and concerned. C．Indifferent and dismissive. D．Sympathetic and confused. Passage 1 Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. Passage 2 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 5．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently. C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 6．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity. C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible. 7．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective. C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the Rush? B．What’s Next? C．Where to Stay? D．Who to Blame? 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业07阅读理解（议论文） 历年考情 1. 特征 · 论点清晰：首尾段集中亮明立场，极少模糊中立 · 论据多元：事例、数据、引言、现实现象为主 · 逻辑规整：固定论证方式 —— 举例、对比、因果 2. 题材：青年成长、科技利弊、教育方式、社会公德、生态环保、文化交流为主，贴近高中生生活 3. 篇幅：300–400 词，生词量可控，长难句集中在观点段 命题规律 1. 主旨题必考：围绕全文中心论点设题，干扰项多为分论点 / 单一论据 2. 态度 / 写作意图高频：依托论据、转折词判断作者褒贬倾向 3. 论证手法细节题：提问举例、对比的作用，考查逻辑理解 4. 推理题紧扣论据：不脱离原文事实，杜绝主观臆断 5. 行文逻辑设空：区分因果、正反对比、递进关系 考向预测 1. 主题侧重：数字生活利弊、劳动教育、低碳生活、传统文化传承、人际社交 2. 命题趋势：弱化单纯找信息，强化逻辑论证理解；增多 “例子作用” 类逻辑题型 3. 文本变化：短评类议论文增多，观点分层更明显，正反两方对比类文章占比提升 4. 设问倾向：侧重推断作者深层意图、辨析分论点与中心论点差异 Passage 1 Imagine standing in front of a supermarket shelf with 40 types of jam. You might think more choices would make you happier, but research suggests otherwise. The “Paradox of Choice” is a fascinating concept that has interested sociologists for decades. On the surface, more options seem to offer more freedom and satisfaction. We live in an age when the vast abundance of choices, from streaming services to online shopping, should, in theory, make our lives better. However, research has shown that this overwhelming variety can lead to “decision paralysis,” where we get stuck with so many options that we can hardly make up our minds. In fact, an abundance of choices can reduce overall satisfaction with our decisions. Psychologist Barry Schwartz explains that people who are presented with too many options tend to become “maximizers” — individuals who keep trying to find the best choice. They compare every feature, price, and possibility, often fearing that they might miss out on a better option. This leads to a state of constant regret, even before the decision is made, as they worry about what they might have overlooked. In contrast, “satisfiers” look for something that meets their basic needs and are generally happier with their outcomes. They don’t need the best option; they just need one that works for them. They are content with their choices because they aren’t paralyzed by the possibility of making the wrong one. While maximizers are trapped in endless comparison, satisfiers are content because they aren’t paralyzed by the fear of making the wrong choice. Social media has made this paradox even worse by acting as a “never-ending comparison machine.” We no longer just compare ourselves to our neighbors, but we compare our lives to edited, idealized versions of other people’s lives around the world. This constant exposure to better alternatives only increases the sense of discontent with our own decisions. To address this, some experts recommend voluntary limitation. By consciously limiting our choices, whether it’s through a minimalist wardrobe (衣柜) or a simplified diet, we can reduce unnecessary mental pressure that stops us from deciding easily. The goal is not to have less, but to free up space for what truly matters to us. By intentionally narrowing our options, we can make more room for meaningful experiences. 1．What is the author’s attitude to diverse choices? A．Critical. B．Enthusiastic. C．Dismissive. D．Defensive. 2．What is a typical behavior of a “satisfier”? A．Making quick decisions naturally. B．Feeling satisfied with every choice. C．Seeking the perfect option constantly. D．Caring much about online comparisons. 3．What role does social media play in the paradox of choice? A．It helps people find better deals online. B．It simplifies the decision-making process. C．It provides a realistic view of others’ lives. D．It fuels dissatisfaction with one’s own choices. 4．What does “voluntary limitation” imply in the last paragraph? A．A lack of digital resources. B．A loss of personal freedom. C．A strategic reduction of choices. D．A temporary break from technology. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．C 【导语】文章介绍了选择悖论，指出过多选择非但不能提升幸福感，反而会引发决策瘫痪、降低决策满意度。 【解析】1．推理判断题。根据第一段“You might think more choices would make you happier, but research suggests otherwise.(你或许以为选择越多就越幸福，但研究表明事实恰恰相反。)”和“In fact, an abundance of choices can reduce overall satisfaction with our decisions.(事实上，选择过多反而会降低我们做决定后的整体满意度。)”可知，作者对繁多选择的态度是批判的。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In contrast, “satisfiers” look for something that meets their basic needs and are generally happier with their outcomes. They don’t need the best option; they just need one that works for them. They are content with their choices because they aren’t paralyzed by the possibility of making the wrong one.(与之相反，满足型决策者只挑选能满足自身基本需求的事物，往往对最终选择更满意。他们不必追求最优选项，只求合适可用即可。他们对自己的选择心怀知足，不会因担心选错而犹豫不决。)”可知，知足型决策者的典型做法是不会陷入选择瘫痪，自然快速做决定。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Social media has made this paradox even worse by acting as a “never-ending comparison machine.”… This constant exposure to better alternatives only increases the sense of discontent with our own decisions.( 社交媒体如同一台永不停歇的攀比机器，进一步加剧了这种悖论。……频繁目睹各类更优质的备选事物，只会不断加深人们对自身选择的不满。)”可知，社交媒体加剧人们对自身选择的不满。 4．词句猜测题。根据下文“By consciously limiting our choices...intentionally narrowing our options, we can make more room for meaningful experiences.(通过有意识地精简选择……主动缩小可选范围，我们就能为有意义的人生体验留出更多空间。)”可知，专家建议有策略地缩减选择，由此可知，voluntary limitation意为“策略性精简选择”。 Passage 2 As a librarian, I am hearing one question often: Do audiobooks qualify as reading? Many people don’t think so. There is a pride — even a snobbishness — to being well read. Telling someone that you have only listened to a certain book usually comes out sounding like an apology. A recent survey found that 41 percent of adults don’t believe audiobooks qualify as reading. One friend of mine, who argues with his husband over this, once memorably told me that listening to a book felt like seeing a musical in New Jersey instead of on a Broadway stage. Close, but not the real thing. I used to feel the same way myself. Part of the disapproval comes from how we tend to think reading works. Reading with the eyes starts with decoding, linking letters to sounds and meanings. But once those pathways are built, the brain draws on the same language network to make sense of words, whether they arrive through sight or sound. A 2019 study of The Journal of Neuroscience by researchers from the university of California found that the brains of people reading or listening to the same stories processed meaning in almost the same way. Focused listening lights up those networks and delivers the same comprehension just as print does. Especially for those with reading disabilities, it can improve comprehension and help them stay with the story. However, casual or distracted listening, like playing an audiobook while doing chores, doesn’t appear to engage those networks fully. In plenty of classrooms, students still track their progress in reading print pages and sending the messages that only print counts. However, teachers should give students credit for listening to books, too. Youngsters who read daily for enjoyment tend to develop stronger skills and score higher in school — on average, roughly the equivalent of a year and a half ahead. They’re also more likely to keep reading for pleasure later in life. Pairing print and audio has shown to improve comprehension for some struggling readers, especially when decoding written text is a barrier. 5．What does the underlined word “snobbishness” refer to? A．The sense of superiority in print reading. B．The prejudice against audio reading. C．The sense of achievement in reading well. D．The ignorance of audio reading. 6．What can be inferred about two reading types from the text? A．The brain functions the same in both processes. B．Decoding the text plays a vital role in print reading. C．Attentive audio reading benefits struggling readers more. D．Distracted reading worsens reading disorder problem. 7．What message does the author convey in the last paragraph? A．Developing the habit of reading regularly. B．Arousing students’ reading interests by audio reading. C．Evaluating students’ progress by print reading. D．Adding audio reading to print reading. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why do We Need Audio Reading? B．Audio Reading Deserves Equal Attention! C．Why is Print Reading More Beneficial? D．Reading is the Best Friend of Youngsters! 【答案】5．A 6．C 7．D 8．B 【导语】主要说明了不少人认为听有声书不算阅读，实则专注聆听与阅读脑部理解机制相近，二者各有优势，校园里应结合使用，给予有声阅读同等认可。 【解析】5．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“As a librarian, I am hearing one question often: Do audiobooks qualify as reading? Many people don’t think so.(作为一名图书管理员，我经常听到这样一个问题：有声读物算不算阅读呢？很多人并不这么认为)”可知，有学识之人对纸质阅读抱有优越感，觉得听书不算正经阅读。故划线词意思是“书面阅读所带来的优越感”。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段 “Focused listening lights up those networks and delivers the same comprehension just as print does. Especially for those with reading disabilities, it can improve comprehension and help them stay with the story. However, casual or distracted listening, like playing an audiobook while doing chores, doesn’t appear to engage those networks fully.(专注聆听会激活那些大脑网络，如同纸质阅读一样带来相同的理解。尤其对于那些有阅读障碍的人，它能提高理解能力，帮助他们跟上故事。然而，随意或分心的聆听，比如在做家务时播放有声读物，似乎不能充分激活那些网络)”可知，专注的有声阅读对阅读困难的读者更有益。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Pairing print and audio has shown to improve comprehension for some struggling readers, especially when decoding written text is a barrier.(将图文结合与音频配合的做法已被证明能够帮助一些阅读困难的读者提高理解能力，尤其是在阅读文字内容存在障碍的情况下)”可知，作者传达了在纸质阅读基础上增加有声阅读的信息。 8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“As a librarian, I am hearing one question often: Do audiobooks qualify as reading? Many people don’t think so. There is a pride — even a snobbishness — to being well read.(作为一名图书管理员，我经常听到这样一个问题：有声读物算不算阅读呢？很多人并不这么认为。博览群书会让人产生一种自豪感，甚至还会让人显得有些自命不凡)”结合文章主要说明了不少人认为听有声书不算阅读，实则专注聆听与阅读脑部理解机制相近，二者各有优势，校园里应结合使用，给予有声阅读同等认可。可知，B选项“音频阅读同样值得同等重视！”最符合文章标题。 Passage 3 You have probably heard of the social-media addiction trial that recently took place in Los Angeles. A young woman took Meta and YouTube to court, accusing them of making her addicted to social media — and she won. This interesting court case raises many questions that there are currently no clear answers to, but that people should think about. Social media is extensively used. As many as one in every three people uses social media, and in the USA, people reportedly spend around 6 hours a day on it. In 2025, Facebook had over 3 billion users, followed by WhatsApp and Instagram with about 3 billion each. With such extensive use, it is not strange that social media addiction (SMA) has become a focus for many researchers. One initial research area is the potential classification of SMA．It is worth noting that the DSM-5, a diagnostic tool for psychologists, does not recognize SMA as a distinct mental disorder; it is often discussed as a condition that requires more research. Thus, the conversations around SMA are not necessarily straightforward. However, within research literature, SMA has been described as a specific form of digital technology addiction. It refers to the heavy use of social media platforms which can lead to harmful life consequences. It also shares some components with behavioral disorders like gambling (赌博), including conflict, tolerance and withdrawal. Should social media be regulated (监管) by law? This is another difficult question. As more researchers agree that SMA may be a genuine addictive disorder, it should perhaps be managed to reduce potential risks — much like tobacco, alcohol, and gambling. The cognitive complexity involved in deciding what to view online is also one that should be carefully debated when it comes to children. In most societies, children are guided as to what they can watch in cinemas or on television. It is difficult to see why social media ought to be any different. 9．How does the author introduce the topic? A．By citing a case. B．By giving a definition. C．By making a comparison. D．By explaining a phenomenon. 10．What does the author say about SMA? A．It has unproven consequences. B．It is no different from gambling. C．It arises from social media overuse. D．It is clearly regarded as a mental illness. 11．What is the author’s attitude towards monitoring social media by law? A．Favorable. B．Dismissive. C．Unclear. D．Opposed. 12．What is the best title for the text? A．Court Case: A Landmark Victory B．Legal Regulation: A Necessary Step C．Social Media Use: A Global Phenomenon D．Social Media Addiction: A Rising Concern 【答案】9．A 10．C 11．A 12．D 【导语】文章由洛杉矶一起针对Meta和YouTube的社交媒体成瘾诉讼案引入，探讨了社交媒体成瘾的现状、研究界定、潜在危害，并由此提出了是否应对社交媒体进行法律监管的思考。 【解析】9．推理判断题。根据第一段中“You have probably heard of the social-media addiction trial that recently took place in Los Angeles. A young woman took Meta and YouTube to court, accusing them of making her addicted to social media — and she won. (你或许听说过近期发生在洛杉矶的这起社交媒体成瘾诉讼案。一名年轻女性起诉Meta和YouTube，指控二者致使她对社交媒体上瘾，而她最终胜诉。)”可知，作者通过引用一个具体的法庭案例来引入话题。 10．细节理解题。根据第三段中“However, within research literature, SMA has been described as a specific form of digital technology addiction. It refers to the heavy use of social media platforms which can lead to harmful life consequences. (然而，在研究文献中，社交媒体成瘾被描述为数字技术成瘾的一种具体形式。它指的是过度使用社交媒体平台，这可能会给生活带来有害的后果。)”可知，社交媒体成瘾源于过度使用社交媒体。 11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As more researchers agree that SMA may be a genuine addictive disorder, it should perhaps be managed to reduce potential risks — much like tobacco, alcohol, and gambling. (随着越来越多的研究人员认为社交媒体成瘾可能是一种真正的成瘾性疾病，它或许应该像烟草、酒精和赌博一样，被加以管控以降低潜在风险。)”以及“It is difficult to see why social media ought to be any different. (很难看出为什么社交媒体应该有所不同。)”可知，作者认为社交媒体应像烟草、酒精和赌博一样被监管，因此作者支持通过法律监管社交媒体。 12．主旨大意题。文章从一起诉讼案引出社交媒体成瘾问题，接着介绍了其普遍性、研究界定中的争议、与行为障碍的相似性，最后探讨了对其进行法律监管的必要性。全文始终围绕“社交媒体成瘾”这一核心议题及其带来的“日益增长的担忧”展开。因此D项“Social Media Addiction: A Rising Concern (社交媒体成瘾：一个日益引起关注的问题)”最能概括文章主旨，是文章的最佳标题。 Passage 1 In the digital age, we live in a world designed by recommendation engines. From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly predicting what we might want next. This “algorithmic (算法) system” promises to make our lives more efficient by removing the trouble of making choices. In theory, it should make us more satisfied by delivering exactly what we like. In practice, however, it is creating a “convenience trap” that gradually weakens our sense of self. The fundamental problem with this digital culture is that it is naturally backward-looking. An algorithm functions by analyzing your past behavior — what you clicked, watched, or liked — to suggest something similar. This creates a “repetitive cycle” that strengthens our existing tastes rather than challenging them. If we only ever see what we already like, we lose the chance for unexpected discoveries. We are no longer active explorers of culture; we are merely consumers being fed back our own reflections. Furthermore, this constant digital guidance has a deep psychological impact. As we rely more on machines to make decisions for us, our ability to judge for ourselves begins to disappear. When an app tells us which restaurant to visit or which route to take, we stop exercising our own minds. This leads to a state of “mental autopilot,” where we drift through life following the easiest path provided by data. The personal will that once defined the human experience — the conscious act of making a choice — is being replaced by a passive acceptance of suggestions. To resist this, we must reintroduce intentionality into our daily lives. This does not mean abandoning technology, but making a deliberate effort to seek out the unknown. It might mean wandering into a bookstore without a specific plan, or choosing a movie based on a friend’s suggestion rather than a “match” score. By embracing the unexpected, we can reclaim the autonomy that the digital world takes away. The goal is to ensure that technology remains a tool for our use, rather than a blueprint for who we are. 1．What is the primary function of algorithms? A．To predict future preferences. B．To provide digital security. C．To record users’ past behavior. D．To encourage creative thinking. 2．What does paragraph 2 mainly discuss? A．The history of online behavior. B．The restriction of repetitive cycles. C．The benefits of personalized data. D．The importance of cultural diversity. 3．What does the underlined part “mental autopilot” in paragraph 3 mean? A．A skill for future life. B．A result of excessive data. C．A way to save time. D．A loss of independence. 4．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Stay in Control of Our Digital Lives. B．Reflect on the Algorithmic System. C．Regain the Power of Cultural Tastes. D．Escape from the Trap of Algorithms. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】这篇文章主要探讨了算法推荐虽便捷，却形成陷阱，限制视野、让人丧失独立思考能力。我们不必摒弃科技，而应主动探索未知，牢牢掌控自己的数字生活。 【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly predicting what we might want next.(我们流媒体播放的音乐到阅读的新闻，精巧的软件不断预测着我们接下来可能想要什么。)”可知，算法的核心功能是通过分析用户数据预测其未来的偏好和需求，从而推送个性化内容。 2．主旨大意题。根据第二段“The fundamental problem with this digital culture is that it is naturally backward-looking. An algorithm functions by analyzing your past behavior — what you clicked, watched, or liked — to suggest something similar. This creates a “repetitive cycle” that strengthens our existing tastes rather than challenging them. If we only ever see what we already like, we lose the chance for unexpected discoveries. We are no longer active explorers of culture; we are merely consumers being fed back our own reflections.(这种数字文化的根本问题在于其本质上具有向后看的倾向。算法通过分析你的过往行为——比如你点击、观看或点赞的内容——来推荐类似的东西。这形成了一种“重复循环”，强化了我们现有的偏好，而非挑战它们。如果我们只看到自己已经喜欢的事物，就失去了意外发现的机会。我们不再主动探索文化，而只是被动地接受来自自身反馈的信息。)”可知，第二段主要讨论了算法形成的 “重复循环”如何限制了用户的视野和体验。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“When an app tells us which restaurant to visit or which route to take, we stop exercising our own minds.(当一款应用告诉我们该去哪家餐厅，或该走哪条路线时，我们便不再动用自己的思维。)”以及“The personal will that once defined the human experience — the conscious act of making a choice — is being replaced by a passive acceptance of suggestions.(曾经定义人类体验的个人意志——即有意识地做出选择的行为——正被被动接受建议所取代。)”结合划线短语中“This leads to a state of … where we drift through life following the easiest path provided by data.( 这导致了……的状态，我们随数据提供的最便捷路径漂浮于生活之中。)”可知，上文提到我们便不再动用自己的思维，下文说人类体验的个人意志正被被动接受建议所取代，由此可知，划线部分“mental autopilot”指的是人们过度依赖算法做决定，不再独立思考，失去了自主判断和选择的能力，只能被动接受数据的建议，D选项A loss of independence“独立性的丧失”符合语境。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“In the digital age, we live in a world designed by recommendation engines. From the music we stream to the news we read, clever software is constantly predicting what we might want next. This “algorithmic (算法) system” promises to make our lives more efficient by removing the trouble of making choices. In theory, it should make us more satisfied by delivering exactly what we like. In practice, however, it is creating a “convenience trap” that gradually weakens our sense of self.(在数字时代，我们生活在一个由推荐引擎设计的世界里。从我们流媒体播放的音乐到阅读的新闻，精巧的软件不断预测着我们接下来可能想要什么。这种“算法系统”承诺通过消除做选择的麻烦，让我们的生活更加高效。理论上，它应通过提供我们真正喜欢的内容来提升我们的满意度。然而在现实中，它却制造出一种“便利陷阱”，逐渐削弱了我们的自我意识。)”可知，文章主要探讨了算法推荐虽便捷，却形成陷阱，限制视野、让人丧失独立思考能力。我们不必摒弃科技，而应主动探索未知，牢牢掌控自己的数字生活。由此可知，这篇文章适合的标题是“掌控我们的数字生活”。 Passage 2 While artificial intelligence (AI) is praised for its potential to increase efficiency, it often ignores a more human question: how will AI affect the daily experience of work? This experience is what determines whether employees work well together, generate new ideas, or choose to remain in their roles. In response, researchers suggest that measuring employee happiness could provide essential guidance during the AI shift. “Happiness does not take away from high performance. It is the engine of it,” says Nic Marks, an expert on workplace well-being. AI might change job tasks, but it is human leadership that shapes the workplace atmosphere. History offers a lesson: tools like email and smartphones, though designed to save time, frequently made work more stressful and less separate from personal life, proving that technology does not necessarily improve happiness. A significant challenge is employee anxiety, particularly the fear of job loss caused by decisions made without open communication. When such fears are ignored, people become silent and less willing to contribute creatively, which is exactly what companies need to avoid during change. The core issue lies not in AI itself, but in how it is introduced. To overcome this, openness and involving staff in the process are vital to building the sense of security required for success. Regularly measuring happiness gives leaders an immediate understanding of the situation. It shows whether AI tools are truly reducing pressure or creating new burdens (负担 ). This continuous feedback enables quicker adjustments than traditional long-term plans can. A simple practice of measuring, discussing, and adjusting helps create a culture where concerns are addressed early and teams grow stronger. Ultimately, AI will reshape what work is, but whether that work becomes more satisfying or more tiring depends on human choices. In this complex shift, closely attending to how people feel may offer the most reliable guide for ensuring technology truly improves work for everyone. 5．Why does the author mention email and smartphones in paragraph 2? A．To warn against the overuse of AI. B．To compare old and new technologies. C．To explain why workers dislike changes. D．To prove technology’s emotional limitations. 6．What can be inferred about employees’ sense of security? A．It relies on AI’s potential. B．It leads to silence in work. C．It results from ignoring fears. D．It comes from open participation. 7．What does regular measurement of happiness help leaders do? A．Make fast responses. B．Improve work efficiency. C．Reduce work pressure. D．Replace long-term planning. 8．What is the text mainly about? A．Workplace fear blocks AI’s progress. B．Historical lesson proves AI’s limitation. C．Employee happiness guides AI’s adoption. D．Emotional impact determines AI’s success. 【答案】5．D 6．D 7．A 8．C 【导语】文章讨论了人工智能对员工日常工作经验的影响，强调在引入AI时应关注员工的幸福感，并通过公开沟通、定期测量幸福感等方式来确保技术真正改善工作。 【解析】 5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“History offers a lesson: tools like email and smartphones, though designed to save time, frequently made work more stressful and less separate from personal life, proving that technology does not necessarily improve happiness. (历史给了我们一个教训：像电子邮件和智能手机这样的工具，虽然旨在节省时间，却常常让工作更有压力，并且更难与个人生活分离，证明技术不一定能提升幸福感。)”可知，作者提到电子邮件和智能手机是为了证明技术在情绪体验方面存在局限性，不一定能提升幸福感。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“To overcome this, openness and involving staff in the process are vital to building the sense of security required for success. (要克服这一点，公开透明以及让员工参与其中对于建立成功所需的安全感至关重要。)”可知，员工的安全感来源于公开参与。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Regularly measuring happiness gives leaders an immediate understanding of the situation. It shows whether AI tools are truly reducing pressure or creating new burdens. This continuous feedback enables quicker adjustments than traditional long-term plans can. (定期测量幸福感可以让领导者立即了解形势。这表明人工智能工具是在真正减轻压力，还是在制造新的负担。这种持续的反馈可以比传统的长期计划更快地进行调整。)”可知，定期测量幸福感有助于领导者快速做出反应。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段中“In response, researchers suggest that measuring employee happiness could provide essential guidance during the AI shift(作为响应，研究人员建议，衡量员工幸福感可以在AI转型期间提供重要指导)”以及最后一段中“In this complex shift, closely attending to how people feel may offer the most reliable guide for ensuring technology truly improves work for everyone(在这种复杂的转变中，密切关注人们的感受可能是确保技术真正改善每个人工作的最可靠指南)”可知，全文围绕“员工幸福感指导AI的引入和应用”这一核心主题展开。 Passage 3 Who will take care of grandma and grandpa when no one is available? This question is becoming urgent as the population ages rapidly and fewer children are being born. For many families, the answer might soon be a robot. This might sound like science fiction, but the reasons are practical, mainly financial. Hiring a caregiver is often too expensive for most families, sometimes costing two or three times more than a humanoid robot, which is estimated at about S20, 000. I believe that robots will assume the care of many elderly people. A robot could potentially be a one-time expense, requiring minimal maintenance and receiving updates through cloud computing technology. And it could function around the clock. I’ve treated elderly patients who had been found wandering the streets or severely dehydrated because of gaps in care. A tireless robot — made possible by improved battery life and the ability to self-charge — could mitigate such problems. Reliable robotic companions could also accompany seniors outside the home for walks or to community events, enhancing rather than weakening their social connections. Furthermore, while actual human contact is preferable, it has real drawbacks. Human caregivers can lose their tempers, but robots are unlikely to have that problem. In a recent study, observers found AI-generated responses to be more empathetic and compassionate than those of humans — a surprising but telling result. A robot with AI-assisted voice technology could potentially understand emotion and intent, clarify instructions, and respond to commands in real time. But where does that leave us? If I know that grandma has her robot, will I opt not to drop by after work when I’m exhausted? Will the neighbors stop checking on her? As her faculties fail, will she feel more at ease with the robot than with her family? 9．What is a robot’s main practical advantage in eldercare? A．Its lower long-term cost. B．Its ability to show friendship. C．Its simple setup and operation. D．Its guarantee of total safety. 10．What does the underlined word “mitigate” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Reduce. B．Cause. C．Ignore. D．Discover. 11．What does the author imply by citing the AI study in paragraph 4? A．The urgent need to replace human care B．The potential of AI in showing empathy. C．The general weakness of human caregivers. D．The importance of human emotional interaction. 12．How does the author sound in the last paragraph? A．Angry and accusatory. B．Reflective and concerned. C．Indifferent and dismissive. D．Sympathetic and confused. 【答案】9．A 10．A 11．B 12．B 【导语】文章主要介绍在人口老龄化背景下，陪护机器人有望照顾老人，介绍了养老机器人经济实惠、全天陪护、情绪共情等诸多优势，同时也反思了机器人养老可能带来的亲情疏远等现实问题。 【解析】9．细节理解题。根据原文第二段“This might sound like science fiction, but the reasons are practical, mainly financial. Hiring a caregiver is often too expensive for most families, sometimes costing two or three times more than a humanoid robot, which is estimated at about $20,000.(这听起来或许像科幻故事，但背后的原因很现实，主要是经济方面的原因。对大多数家庭来说，雇佣护工往往花销巨大，费用有时是人形机器人价格的两三倍，人形机器人售价约为两万美元。)”可知，养老机器人最实用的优势是长期使用成本更低。 10．词句猜测题。根据原文第三段“I’ve treated elderly patients who had been found wandering the streets or severely dehydrated because of gaps in care. A tireless robot — made possible by improved battery life and the ability to self-charge — could mitigate such problems.(我曾救治过因照料缺位而流落街头或是严重脱水的老年病患。续航提升且可自主充电的不知疲倦的机器人能够mitigate这类问题。)”可知，续航提升且可自主充电的不知疲倦的机器人能够照料老人，从而减少因照料缺位而流落街头或是严重脱水的老年人，故mitigate此处含义为减少、缓解。 11．推理判断题。根据原文第四段“In a recent study, observers found AI-generated responses to be more empathetic and compassionate than those of humans — a surprising but telling result.(在近期一项研究中，研究人员发现人工智能给出的回应比人类更富有同理心与同情心，这一结果出人意料却极具说服力。)”可知，作者引用这项研究意在表明人工智能在共情方面具备很大潜力。 12．推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“But where does that leave us? If I know that grandma has her robot, will I opt not to drop by after work when I’m exhausted? Will the neighbors stop checking on her?(但这会让我们处于何种境地？倘若知道奶奶有机器人陪伴，身心疲惫的我下班后还会顺路前去探望吗？邻居们还会时常前去关心她吗？)” 可知，作者结尾语气充满思考，同时对此类现象心存担忧。 Passage 1 Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”. The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text. The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties. With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages. People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page. But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print. Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 1．What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Seem unlikely to last. B．Seem hard to explain. C．Become ready to use. D．Become easy to notice. 2．What does the shallowing hypothesis assume? A．Readers treat digital texts lightly. B．Digital texts are simpler to understand. C．People select digital texts randomly. D．Digital texts are suitable for social media. 3．Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A．They can hold students' attention. B．They are more convenient to prepare. C．They help develop advanced skills. D．They are more informative than text. 4．What does the author imply in the last paragraph? A．Students should apply multiple learning techniques. B．Teachers should produce their own teaching material. C．Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education. D．Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。 【解析】1．词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect. Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”. According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。 3．细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。 Passage 2 （2025·全国一卷·高考真题）While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. Dutch authors Thalia Verkade and Marco te Brömmelstroet are bothered by facts like these. In their new book Movement: How to Take Back Our Streets and Transform Our Lives, they call for a rethink of our streets and the role they play in our lives. Life on city streets started to change decades ago. Whole neighbourhoods were destroyed to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. Some communities fought back. Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” Similar campaigns occurred in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s as well. Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. In Australia we now have over twenty million cars for just over twenty-six million people, among the highest rate of car ownership in the world. We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? The authors of Movement have it right: it’s time to think differently about that street outside your front door. 5．What phenomenon does the author point out in paragraph 1? A．Cars often get stuck on the road. B．Traffic accidents occur frequently. C．People walk less and drive more. D．Pedestrians fail to follow the rules. 6．What were the Canadian journalist and other campaigners trying to do? A．Keep their cities livable. B．Promote cultural diversity. C．Help the needy families. D．Make expressways accessible. 7．What can be inferred about the campaigns in Australia in the late 1960s and 1970s? A．They boosted the sales of cars. B．They turned out largely ineffective. C．They won government support. D．They advocated building new parks. 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Why the Rush? B．What’s Next? C．Where to Stay? D．Who to Blame? 【答案】5．C 6．A 7．B 8．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了西方城市过度围绕汽车设计导致行人流动性下降，尤其是儿童步行减少的现象，并通过历史案例和现状分析呼吁反思街道功能，重视城市宜居性。 【解析】5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While safety improvements might have been made to our streets in recent years, transport studies also show declines in pedestrian (行人) mobility, especially among young children. Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children to walk safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. (虽然近年来我们的街道可能已经改善了安全性，但交通研究也表明行人的流动性下降，尤其是年轻儿童。许多家长说，路上的交通太拥挤，他们的孩子无法安全步行上学，所以他们把孩子塞进车里)”可知，作者指出的现象是人们步行减少、开车增多。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Most famously, a Canadian journalist who had moved her family to Manhattan in the early 1950s led a campaign to stop the destruction of her local park. Describing her alarm at its proposed replacement with an expressway, Jane Jacobs called on her mayor (市长) to champion “New York as a decent place to live, and not just rush through.” (最著名的是，一位加拿大记者在20世纪50年代初举家迁往曼哈顿，她领导了一场阻止当地公园被毁的运动。在描述她对用高速公路取代公园的提议感到震惊时，Jane Jacobs呼吁她的市长捍卫“纽约作为适宜居住的地方，而不仅是匆匆穿过的通道”)”可推知，加拿大记者和其他运动参与者旨在保持城市宜居性。故选A。 7．推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Although these campaigns were widespread, the reality is that the majority of the western cities were completely redesigned around the needs of the motor car. The number of cars on roads has been increasing rapidly. (尽管这些运动很普遍，但现实是大多数西方城市完全围绕汽车需求重新设计。道路上的汽车数量一直在迅速增加)”可推知，20世纪60年代末和70年代澳大利亚的竞选活动未能阻止汽车发展，基本上没有效果。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据文章最后一段“We invest a lot in roads that help us rush through, but we fail to account for the true costs. Do we really recognise what it costs us as a society when children can’t move safely around our communities? (我们在帮助我们快速通过的道路上投入了大量资金，但我们没有考虑到真正的成本。我们真的认识到当孩子们不能在我们的社区安全地移动时，我们作为一个社会将会付出什么代价吗)”可推知，本文批判城市过度追求交通效率、忽视行人需求的现象，A项“Why the Rush? (为何匆匆？)”质问“rush through (匆匆通行)”的规划理念，契合主旨，最适合作为本文标题。故选A。 3 / 3 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $