专题03 并列连词、系动词和副词比较级最高级（暑假复习讲义）新八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

专题03 并列连词、系动词和副词比较级最高级 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 系动词 1. 三类系动词区分：be 状态、感官 (look/taste 等)、变化 (turn/get) 2. 核心规则：系动词后接形容词作表语，区分实义动词 + 副词 3. 主谓一致：不定代词、不可数名词作主语用单数 be 4. 易混搭配：look at、be good for，与时态联动 弱化纯词义识记，侧重篇章逻辑推理；覆盖单选、语法选择、阅读、写作；成对连词主谓一致是区分度难点，近三年多依托完整语篇设题，for 与 because、but 与 however 为高频易错点。 并列连词 1. 基础连词：and 顺承、but 转折、so 因果、or 选择 2. 成对连词：both…and (谓语复数)、not only…but also (就近原则) 3. 逻辑副词 for/therefore/however 辨析 4. 句间逻辑判断：转折、因果、递进、选择 语法选择必考词形转换，题干带 than/in class 等标志性线索；高频陷阱：比较级叠加、形副词混用；属语法重难点，分值占比高，常融合时态、主谓一致综合出题，写作可用于提升表达档次。 副词比较级 & 最高级 1. 变形：规则 (-er/-more)、不规则 (well/better 等) 2. 核心句型：than 比较级、in/of 范围最高级、the + 比较级，the + 比较级、as…as 同级 3. 修饰规则：副词修饰动词，much/far 修饰比较级 4. less/least 降级比较 弱化纯词义识记，侧重篇章逻辑推理；覆盖单选、语法选择、阅读、写作；成对连词主谓一致是区分度难点，近三年多依托完整语篇设题，for 与 because、but 与 however 为高频易错点。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 系动词 分类 说明 例句 状态系动词 说明主语的状态 The meeting is at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. with proper preparation. 感官系动词 描述主语（appear, look, feel, smell, sound, taste） The homemade bread smells absolutely delicious.His explanation sounds reasonable and clear. 变化系动词 表示变化（come, grow, get, turn） As the sun set, the sky turned pink and orange.She grew more confident after practicing public speaking. 【典例破题】 It’s important to keep ________ when you are in a dangerous situation. A．calm B．calmness C．calmly D．calmer 【巩固提升1】 —The fish soup ________ very delicious. I want to have more. —OK, here you are. A．tastes B．smells C．sounds D．feels 【巩固提升2】 ________ the photo of Jenny. She ________ very beautiful. A．Look at; looks B．Look; looks at C．Look at; looks at D．Look; looks 【巩固提升3】 Lucy knows ice cream is not good ________ her, but it ________. A．with; taste nice B．for; tastes nice C．to; tastes well D．for; taste well 知识点二 并列连词 1. both ... and ... 用法分类 结构示例 例句 连接名词 Subject (S) + v. + both + n. + and + n. We visited both the art museum and the science center.He bought both a laptop and a digital camera for work. 连接动词 S + both + v. + and + v. The chef both designs and cooks creative dishes.They both volunteer at the shelter and organize charity events. 连接形容词 S + be + both + adj. + and + adj. This novel is both fascinating and thought-provoking.The handcrafted bag is both durable and stylish. 句首用法 Both + n. + and + n. Both my classmates and teachers supported the environmental project. online courses and offline workshops are available for learning. 补充说明： •both ... and ... 强调两个事物之间的联系。 •动词常用复数形式。 •其他并列连词：and, or, so, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., as well as 等。 2. not only ... but also ... 用法分类 结构示例 例句 连接名词 S + v. + not only + n. + but also + n. He is not only a doctor but also a published author. only competitive salaries but also comprehensive benefits. 连接动词 S + not only + v. + but also + v. She not only plans the events but also coordinates with all the participants. studies foreign languages but also practices them daily with native speakers. 连接形容词 S + be + not only + adj. + but also + adj. The new library is not only spacious but also user-friendly.>Her presentation was not only informative but also engaging. 连接状语 S + v. + not only + adv. + but also + adv. The team completed the task not only efficiently but also accurately.>She sings not only softly but also with great emotion. 句首用法 Not only + n. + but also + n. Not only my sister but also my cousins are fond of hiking. only practical skills but also critical thinking is emphasized in the course. manager but also the employees have agreed to the new policy. 补充说明： •not only ... but also ... 更强调后者。 •谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 【典例破题】 — What do you usually have for breakfast? — I usually have some porridge ________ eggs. A．or B．and C．but D．so 【巩固提升1】 I can tell you stories, ________ I can’t write stories. A．and B．so C．but D．if 【巩固提升2】 Eating too many sweet snacks is bad for our teeth, ________ we should eat less candy. A．because B．or C．so D．but 【巩固提升3】 Tom got up late, ________ he missed the school bus. A．and B．but C．so D．or 知识点三 副词比较级和最高级 一、副词比较级和最高级（规则变化） 类型 Positive （原级） Comparative （比较级） Superlative （最高级） Adverbs with the same forms as adjectives（与形容词词形一致的副词） hard harder hardest Two syllable adverbs（两个音节的副词） early earlier earliest Adverbs formed from adjective + ly（形容词+ ly 组成的副词） slowly more slowly most slowly 二、副词比较级和最高级（不规则变化） Positive（原级） Comparative（比较级） Superlative（最高级） well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 三、用法说明 1.We use comparative and superlative adverbs when we compare and contrast the way things happen. 副词的比较级和最高级用来对比事情发生的方式。 e.g. Jack spoke more loudly than Alice but Ken spoke (the) most clearly. 2.We also use comparative adverbs when we ask or advise people to change their behaviour. 我们也可用副词的比较级来表达要求或建议人们对其行为方式作出改变。 e.g. You made a lot of mistakes in your exam. You should do it more carefully next time. 四、Notes（补充说明） 1.We use less and least for decreasing comparisons. less 和 least 用来表示降级的比较。 2.We use as ... as ... to make comparisons between things which are equal or similar in some way. as ... as ... 用来表示两个事物在某方面相似或相同。 【典例破题】 —Who listens ________ in your class? —Li Na, she never misses any key points the teacher says. A．the most carefully B．more carefully C．the most careful D．carefully 【巩固提升1】 —Who jumps ________ in your class? —Tom does. He can jump 1.8 meters. A．high B．higher C．the highest D．most high 【巩固提升2】 The new student speaks English ________ than the local students. A．fluent B．fluently C．more fluently D．most fluently 【巩固提升3】 The fox is caught in a trap (陷阱). ________ it moves, ________ its left leg hurts. A．The more; the more badly B．The more; the worse C．The much; the more badly D．The much; the worse 一、单项选择 1．—Frank sings as ________ as Bill. —Yes, but I think Bill sings ________ of all. A．beautiful; most beautiful B．beautifully; most beautifully C．beautifuly; most beautifully D．beautiful; most beautifully 2．—Did Kate make progress in the final exam? —She ________ before, and of all the students she did ________. A．was as lazy as; most careful B．wasn’t as lazy as; the most carefully C．was as lazy as; more careful D．wasn’t as lazy as; the more carefully 3．Of all the disasters, the flood affected the area ________. A．deeply B．more deeply C．most deeply D．the most deeply 4．Jack writes ________ of all the students. And the teacher praises him. A．more careful B．the most careful C．the most carefully D．more carefully 5．—Who sings ________ in your class? —Li Na does. She has a beautiful voice. A．the most beautifully B．more beautifully C．the most beautiful D．more beautiful 6．Wind blows ________ in winter than in summer. A．strongly B．stronger C．more strongly D．most strongly 7．As we all know, a rocket flies ________ than an ordinary plane. A．far quicker B．more quicker C．far quickly D．much more quickly 8．Allen spent ________ time ________ his homework but did ________ than Tony. A．little; doing; badly B．less; to do; well C．little; to do; worse D．less; doing; better 9．—Tom did a good job. He got the second ________ score in the school. —Yes. He has already worked ________ this term than before. A．higher; more harder B．highest; much hardest C．highest; much harder D．higher; hardest 10．________ Tom ran, ________ he found it was to breathe. A．The quicker; the harder B．The quicklier; the harder C．The more quickly; the hardlier D．The more quickly; the harder 11．“The audience can hear them, but they cannot see them.” 中的“but”表示： A．因果 B．并列 C．转折 D．条件 12．Both humans ________ animals need communication to express their feelings. A．and B．or C．but D．so 13．You should listen to others carefully, ________ you can understand their thoughts better. A．but B．so C．or D．because 14．The boy helped the old woman stand up, ________ he also offered to take her to the hospital. A．but B．so C．and D．or 15．— Why was he late this morning? — He failed to arrive at the station in time. ________, he missed the train. A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Moreover 16．—Many cities are encouraging shared bikes to reduce heavy traffic. —Yes. Shared bikes are easier for trips, ________ we should remember to park them in the right place. A．while B．so C．or D．but 17．Which of the following is NOT a linking word used to give reasons? A．Firstly B．Besides C．Lastly D．Suddenly 18．She missed the English talk, ________ she had to look after her sick grandma. A．yet B．for C．but D．nor 19．Environmental protection starts with me. ________ I use reusable bags when I go shopping. A．Because B．Although C．So D．If 20．He warned his friend about online dangers, ________ his friend didn’t listen. A．so B．so that C．but D．because 21．We shouldn’t ________ late for volunteer work. A．be B．is C．are D．am 22．Do you think there ________ many second choices in life? A．is B．are C．was D．were 23．He said that at that time he ________ afraid of dogs. A．is B．was C．are D．were 24．—He’s told to join in the maths competition, ________ he? —________. He is preparing for it. A．hasn’t; No B．hasn’t; Yes C．isn’t; No D．isn’t; Yes 25．Tofu ________ a good source of protein and ________ rich in minerals. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 26．Everyone here ________ because of Changchun 2027 Winter Universiade (大冬会). A．looks on the bright side B．feels blue C．is in low spirits D．feels on top of the world 27．—Why ________ you late for the sci-fi class? —________ I missed the early bus. A．are; Because B．were; Because C．was; Since D．did; As 28．We believe fashionable clothes ________ not always expensive. A．is B．are C．was D．were 29．These long sentences ________ for beginners. A．is difficult B．difficult C．are difficult D．difficulties 30．Recycling paper ________ good for the environment. A．is B．are C．was D．were 二、语法选择 Chen Min is a 57-year-old woman from Chongqing. She loves taking risks. Last year, she 1 finished the North Pole Marathon (北极点马拉松). This is 2 unusual race—it takes place on ice. The runners have to deal 3 the freezing weather and protect themselves from polar bears. Last summer, temperatures in the area were 4 than usual, causing the ice to become much thinner. Under these 5 , the runners had to be very careful. Even many experienced runners 6 it as the most challenging race. Chen’s team, with an average age of over 60, finished the marathon the fastest, in 8 hours and 52 minutes. However, this was not Chen’s only achievement. Before that, she walked to the South Pole 7 climbed the Seven Summits (七大洲最高峰). Chen is the first Chinese woman 8 these goals! “Age is never a problem,” she said after the race. She encouraged people, especially middle-aged women, to challenge 9 and follow their dreams. “ 10 you dare to take the first step, you can see the world’s most amazing landscapes,” she added. 1．A．success B．successful C．successfully 2．A．an B．the C．/ 3．A．of B．with C．at 4．A．high B．higher C．highest 5．A．condition B．conditions C．conditions’ 6．A．described B．describe C．will describe 7．A．and B．but C．so 8．A．achieving B．achieve C．to achieve 9．A．they B．themselves C．their 10．A．Even though B．Because C．As long as 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 My grandfather once showed me a special plant in his garden—bamboo. “This plant,” he said, “teaches us 1 important lesson in life.” He explained that after planting bamboo seeds (种子), you see 2 for almost five years—no sprouts, no leaves, just bare earth. Many people give up during this time, thinking it will never grow. 3 my grandfather told me, “you must keep on 4 to witness the miracle (奇迹) of growth.” Then, 5 the fifth year, something amazing happens. The bamboo suddenly shoots up, growing taller than a house in just a few weeks. “If you stop watering too early,” Grandfather said, “you 6 this miracle. The waiting makes the reward sweeter, and giving up only makes the regret 7 .” Now when I face 8 in my studies, I remember the bamboo. 9 true success, I understand that one needs patience and persistent effort. No matter 10 slow things go, I will keep trying until good results come, just like the amazing bamboo in my grandfather’s garden. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．everything B．something C．nothing 3．A．And B．But C．So 4．A．water B．to water C．watering 5．A．in B．on C．at 6．A．miss B．missed C．will miss 7．A．bad B．worse C．the worst 8．A．problem B．problems C．problems’ 9．A．To achieve B．Achieving C．Achieved 10．A．when B．how C．what Wild animals are our friends. But now, many of 1 are in danger. Their homes are getting 2 than before. We need to do something to help. What can we do? Many countries build nature parks. In these parks, people cannot hunt in 3 nature park. Our government (政府) 4 a new plan to protect animals last year. 5 we are students, we can also help. We should learn more and wait 6 our turn to volunteer. Small actions can help a lot. We should do more 7 about protecting them. I was very happy when I 8 a small deer in the park. We 9 be friendly to animals. This is their home, and we need 10 it safe. Let’s start doing today! 1．A．they B．their C．them 2．A．small B．smaller C．smallest 3．A．a B．an C．the 4．A．started B．starts C．start 5．A．Because B．Although C．If 6．A．to B．for C．with 7．A．things B．thing C．thing’s 8．A．see B．saw C．seeing 9．A．should B．may C．would 10．A．keep B．keeps C．to keep 三、阅读理解 When we think of forests, we usually imagine trees growing on dry land. But have you ever heard of a “walking forest”? On the coasts (海岸) of Fujian and other southern provinces, there is a special kind of tree called mangrove (红树林). These special trees can slowly “walk” on the muddy (泥泞的) ground year by year. Most trees cannot live in salty water, but mangroves are different. They grow well near the sea. Their roots (树根) are very special. They do not grow straight down. Many roots grow above the water and look like long legs. These “legs” help the trees take in fresh air when the sea water rises. Also, they help the trees against strong wind and big waves (海浪). How do mangroves “walk”? As trees grow older, their old roots will die and break down. At the same time, new roots grow towards the sea. After many years, the trees will slowly move away from their old places. One mangrove tree can move several meters in one hundred years. Mangroves are also very useful. They can stop strong storms and protect nearby villages. Lots of fish, crabs and birds live in their roots. Little fish often hide (躲藏) there to stay safe from dangerous big sea animals. However, mangroves are in great danger now. Pollution (污染) and human activities make fewer and fewer mangroves. Luckily, Fujian has built many special places to protect them. Planting more mangroves can protect nature and also keep people away from natural disasters. 1．Why are mangrove trees called “walking trees”? A．Because they can move their legs like animals. B．Because they grow new roots and lose old ones, slowly moving to new places. C．Because the wind blows them from one place to another quickly. D．Because people carry them to different spots every year. 2．What is the main function of the mangrove’s special roots? A．To make the tree look beautiful for visitors. B．To help the tree get food from deep underground. C．To help the tree breathe and stay strong in the sea. D．To stop fish from swimming near the tree. 3．What does the underlined word “disasters” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．灾害 B．景观 C．奇迹 D．规律 4．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? A．Mangroves can only grow on dry land. B．Small fish use mangrove roots as a hiding place. C．Mangrove trees move several meters every day. D．There are no mangrove forests in Fujian Province. 5．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Protecting mangroves is only important for birds. B．Human activities have no effect on mangrove forests. C．Mangroves play a double role in environmental protection and human safety. D．We should stop all fishing activities near the coast. The chrysanthemum(菊花) is a very popular flower in China. It is known as one of the “Four Gentlemen（君子）in Plants”. The other three are the plant blossom, the orchid, and bamboo. All of them are symbols of goodness in Chinese culture. The chrysanthemum comes out in bright colours during cold autumn days, when most flowers die. It is beautiful and strong. So the flower became a favourite of ancient Chinese poets. TaoYuanming was a famous poet. He once wrote a poem about the chrysanthemum.“I pluck chrysanthemum under the eastern hedge, and gaze afar toward the southern mountain（采菊东篱下，悠然见南山),”Tao wrote in his poem. We can see his peace of mind in the poem. But chrysanthemums are not only found in Chinese poems.They are also part of Chinese food. The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month in the lunar calendar(阴历). On that day, drinking chrysanthemum wine（酒）is a popular tradition（传统）. Chrysanthemum tea usually appears on Chinese dinner tables, too. It tastes great, and people believe it is good for their health. In a word, the chrysanthemum has a great influence (影响) on Chinese people’s life. 1．The chrysanthemum is a symbol of ________ in Chinese culture. A．strength B．goodness C．health D．hope 2．Why did ancient Chinese poets like the chrysanthemum a lot? A．Because it’s nice and strong. B．Because it opens for a long time. C．Because it’s the most useful flower. D．Because it’s easy to write about. 3．How does Tao Yuanming feel in his poem? A．Lonely and sad. B．Worried and tired. C．Excited and shocked. D．Peaceful and relaxed. 4．Why does the writer talk about Tao Yuanming in the passage? A．To show his importance in Chinese poetry. B．To show the long history of chrysanthemums. C．To show Chinese poets’ love of chrysanthemums. D．To show chrysanthemums could make people peaceful. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The strengths of chrysanthemums among plants. B．Different uses of chrysanthemums in people’s life. C．The influence of chrysanthemums on Chinese people’s life. D．The popularity of chrysanthemums on Chinese people’s dinner table. There are no more dinosaurs living on the Earth. They are extinct, which means there is no longer a certain kind of plant or animal living anywhere in the world. A species is a certain group of living organisms, like dinosaurs, humans, birds, and many others. Scientists believe many organisms, along with the dinosaurs, died out when a large asteroid collided with the Earth. The collision caused a mass extinction, which occurs at a faster rate over a very short time period. There are usually two reasons for the extinction of animals and other living things. The first is natural, which may take place when animals do not adapt to natural changes in their environment. For example, if the habitat of a bird suddenly changes, and if the bird does not adapt, it could become extinct. Examples of naturally occurring extinction may take place during a change in the climate. This took place during the Ice Age when the temperature of the Earth was much lower. During a natural extinction, the species may be eliminated by new predators that move into their environment. The food needed to survive may no longer be available. Another example of this type of extinction was the woolly mammoth, a relative of the elephant, which died out 10,000 years ago due to climate change and the disappearance of its habitat. The second reason for the extinction of animals is human interaction, which includes hunting and habitat destruction caused by people. An animal’s environment may be destroyed by pollution or construction, such as the destruction of parts of a rainforest. Humans also overhunt sometimes wiping out an entire species. In addition, the moving of non-native species into an area where they are not usually found may lead to the extinction of another species. Examples include the Dodo bird that became extinct due to overhunting and other animals moving into its environment. The passenger pigeon died out due to the destruction of its habitat, as well as overhunting. There are many animals that have become extinct, but when animals are in danger of becoming extinct, yet still survive, they are called endangered animals. 1．All the following are extinct species EXCEPT: A．Dinosaurs B．Orangutans C．Passenger pigeons D．Dodo birds 2．Which of the following is a reason why animals may become extinct or endangered? A．Climate change B．Habitat destruction C．Overhunting D．All of the above 3．New predators moving into the environment may first lead to which of the following? A．Extinction of another species B．An increase in new food sources C．Endangered species D．Loss of land resources 4．Which of the following DOES NOT define a mass extinction well? A．An extinction that occurs at a faster rate compared to a typical extinction B．An extinction of more than one animal or plant species C．An extinction of many organisms on Earth D．An extinction in a long time-period 5．Hunting and habitat destruction are reasons for which of the following types of extinction? A．Natural B．Human interaction C．Mass D．None of the above 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 并列连词、系动词和副词比较级最高级 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 系动词 1. 三类系动词区分：be 状态、感官 (look/taste 等)、变化 (turn/get) 2. 核心规则：系动词后接形容词作表语，区分实义动词 + 副词 3. 主谓一致：不定代词、不可数名词作主语用单数 be 4. 易混搭配：look at、be good for，与时态联动 弱化纯词义识记，侧重篇章逻辑推理；覆盖单选、语法选择、阅读、写作；成对连词主谓一致是区分度难点，近三年多依托完整语篇设题，for 与 because、but 与 however 为高频易错点。 并列连词 1. 基础连词：and 顺承、but 转折、so 因果、or 选择 2. 成对连词：both…and (谓语复数)、not only…but also (就近原则) 3. 逻辑副词 for/therefore/however 辨析 4. 句间逻辑判断：转折、因果、递进、选择 语法选择必考词形转换，题干带 than/in class 等标志性线索；高频陷阱：比较级叠加、形副词混用；属语法重难点，分值占比高，常融合时态、主谓一致综合出题，写作可用于提升表达档次。 副词比较级 & 最高级 1. 变形：规则 (-er/-more)、不规则 (well/better 等) 2. 核心句型：than 比较级、in/of 范围最高级、the + 比较级，the + 比较级、as…as 同级 3. 修饰规则：副词修饰动词，much/far 修饰比较级 4. less/least 降级比较 弱化纯词义识记，侧重篇章逻辑推理；覆盖单选、语法选择、阅读、写作；成对连词主谓一致是区分度难点，近三年多依托完整语篇设题，for 与 because、but 与 however 为高频易错点。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 系动词 分类 说明 例句 状态系动词 说明主语的状态 The meeting is at 3 o'clock tomorrow afternoon. with proper preparation. 感官系动词 描述主语（appear, look, feel, smell, sound, taste） The homemade bread smells absolutely delicious.His explanation sounds reasonable and clear. 变化系动词 表示变化（come, grow, get, turn） As the sun set, the sky turned pink and orange.She grew more confident after practicing public speaking. 【典例破题】 It’s important to keep ________ when you are in a dangerous situation. A．calm B．calmness C．calmly D．calmer 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当你处于危险情况时，保持冷静是很重要的。 考查系动词+形容词的用法。calm冷静的；calmness冷静；calmly冷静地；calmer更冷静的。根据“It’s important to keep...when you are in a dangerous situation.”可知，当你处于危险情况时，保持冷静是重要的，keep为系动词，后接形容词作表语，表示保持某种状态，故选A。 【巩固提升1】 —The fish soup ________ very delicious. I want to have more. —OK, here you are. A．tastes B．smells C．sounds D．feels 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这鱼汤尝起来非常美味，我想再喝点。    ——好的，给你。 tastes尝起来；smells闻起来；sounds听起来；feels摸起来。结合“delicious”及“have more”可知，是尝起来美味，应填tastes。 【巩固提升2】 ________ the photo of Jenny. She ________ very beautiful. A．Look at; looks B．Look; looks at C．Look at; looks at D．Look; looks 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看珍妮的照片。她看起来很漂亮。 look at看……，后需接宾语；look看，表示动作，后不跟宾语，也可作系动词后接形容词，表示“看起来”。第一空后有宾语the photo，应用Look at；第二空后是形容词beautiful，应用系动词looks。 【巩固提升3】 Lucy knows ice cream is not good ________ her, but it ________. A．with; taste nice B．for; tastes nice C．to; tastes well D．for; taste well 【答案】B 【详解】句意：露西知道冰淇淋对她不好，但它尝起来很好吃。 第一空，结合语境，冰淇淋对身体不好，be good for是固定搭配，意为“对……有益”，排除A、C；第二空，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用tastes，tastes是感官动词，后接形容词nice作表语，well作形容词指身体健康，不符合语境。故选B。 知识点二 并列连词 1. both ... and ... 用法分类 结构示例 例句 连接名词 Subject (S) + v. + both + n. + and + n. We visited both the art museum and the science center.He bought both a laptop and a digital camera for work. 连接动词 S + both + v. + and + v. The chef both designs and cooks creative dishes.They both volunteer at the shelter and organize charity events. 连接形容词 S + be + both + adj. + and + adj. This novel is both fascinating and thought-provoking.The handcrafted bag is both durable and stylish. 句首用法 Both + n. + and + n. Both my classmates and teachers supported the environmental project. online courses and offline workshops are available for learning. 补充说明： •both ... and ... 强调两个事物之间的联系。 •动词常用复数形式。 •其他并列连词：and, or, so, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., as well as 等。 2. not only ... but also ... 用法分类 结构示例 例句 连接名词 S + v. + not only + n. + but also + n. He is not only a doctor but also a published author. only competitive salaries but also comprehensive benefits. 连接动词 S + not only + v. + but also + v. She not only plans the events but also coordinates with all the participants. studies foreign languages but also practices them daily with native speakers. 连接形容词 S + be + not only + adj. + but also + adj. The new library is not only spacious but also user-friendly.>Her presentation was not only informative but also engaging. 连接状语 S + v. + not only + adv. + but also + adv. The team completed the task not only efficiently but also accurately.>She sings not only softly but also with great emotion. 句首用法 Not only + n. + but also + n. Not only my sister but also my cousins are fond of hiking. only practical skills but also critical thinking is emphasized in the course. manager but also the employees have agreed to the new policy. 补充说明： •not only ... but also ... 更强调后者。 •谓语动词要和与其最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。 【典例破题】 — What do you usually have for breakfast? — I usually have some porridge ________ eggs. A．or B．and C．but D．so 【答案】B 【详解】句意：‌——‌你早餐通常吃什么？‌——‌我通常吃些粥和鸡蛋。 or或者；and和；but但是；so所以。粥和鸡蛋是并列关系，表示早餐同时吃这两样食物，应用表示并列关系的连词and。应填and。 【巩固提升1】 I can tell you stories, ________ I can’t write stories. A．and B．so C．but D．if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我可以给你讲故事，但是我不会写故事。 and和，并且；so所以；but但是；if如果。根据前半句“I can tell you stories”和后半句“I can’t write stories”可知，前后句意存在转折关系，应用表示转折的连词but。 【巩固提升2】 Eating too many sweet snacks is bad for our teeth, ________ we should eat less candy. A．because B．or C．so D．but 【答案】C 【详解】句意：吃太多甜食对我们的牙齿有害，所以我们应该少吃糖果。 because因为；or或者；so所以；but但是。根据前半句“吃太多甜食对我们的牙齿有害”是原因，后半句“我们应该少吃糖果”是结果，前后句构成因果关系，可知此处应填表示结果的连词so。 【巩固提升3】 Tom got up late, ________ he missed the school bus. A．and B．but C．so D．or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：汤姆起床晚了，所以他错过了校车。 and和，表并列或顺承关系；but但是，表转折关系；so所以，表因果关系；or或者，表选择关系。根据前句“Tom got up late”以及后句“he missed the school bus”可知，前后存在因果关系，因为起床晚了，所以错过了校车，应填so。 知识点三 副词比较级和最高级 一、副词比较级和最高级（规则变化） 类型 Positive （原级） Comparative （比较级） Superlative （最高级） Adverbs with the same forms as adjectives（与形容词词形一致的副词） hard harder hardest Two syllable adverbs（两个音节的副词） early earlier earliest Adverbs formed from adjective + ly（形容词+ ly 组成的副词） slowly more slowly most slowly 二、副词比较级和最高级（不规则变化） Positive（原级） Comparative（比较级） Superlative（最高级） well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest 三、用法说明 1.We use comparative and superlative adverbs when we compare and contrast the way things happen. 副词的比较级和最高级用来对比事情发生的方式。 e.g. Jack spoke more loudly than Alice but Ken spoke (the) most clearly. 2.We also use comparative adverbs when we ask or advise people to change their behaviour. 我们也可用副词的比较级来表达要求或建议人们对其行为方式作出改变。 e.g. You made a lot of mistakes in your exam. You should do it more carefully next time. 四、Notes（补充说明） 1.We use less and least for decreasing comparisons. less 和 least 用来表示降级的比较。 2.We use as ... as ... to make comparisons between things which are equal or similar in some way. as ... as ... 用来表示两个事物在某方面相似或相同。 【典例破题】 —Who listens ________ in your class? —Li Na, she never misses any key points the teacher says. A．the most carefully B．more carefully C．the most careful D．carefully 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在你们班谁听讲最认真？——李娜，她从不会错过老师说的任何关键点。 the most carefully最认真地（副词最高级）；more carefully更认真地（副词比较级）；the most careful最认真的（形容词最高级）；carefully认真地（副词原级）。根据空前的动词“listens”可知，此处需用副词修饰动词，排除C项；根据空后的“in your class”可知，此处表示三者或三者以上范围内的比较，需用最高级，应填the most carefully。 【巩固提升1】 —Who jumps ________ in your class? —Tom does. He can jump 1.8 meters. A．high B．higher C．the highest D．most high 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你们班谁跳得最高？——汤姆。他能跳1.8米。 根据题干“in your class”表示比较范围，应用副词最高级，jump the highest表示“跳得最高”，应填the highest。 【巩固提升2】 The new student speaks English ________ than the local students. A．fluent B．fluently C．more fluently D．most fluently 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个新生说英语比当地学生更流利。 fluent流利的，形容词；fluently流利地，副词；more fluently更流利地，副词比较级；most fluently最流利地，副词最高级。修饰动词“speaks”需用副词，结合“than”可知，应用副词的比较级more fluently。 【巩固提升3】 The fox is caught in a trap (陷阱). ________ it moves, ________ its left leg hurts. A．The more; the more badly B．The more; the worse C．The much; the more badly D．The much; the worse 【答案】B 【详解】句意：狐狸被困在陷阱里。它动得越多，左腿疼得越厉害。 此处为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，第一空修饰动词moves，表示程度加深，应用 much 的比较级 more；第二空修饰 hurts，表示疼得“更厉害”，badly 的比较级是不规则变化 worse。 一、单项选择 1．—Frank sings as ________ as Bill. —Yes, but I think Bill sings ________ of all. A．beautiful; most beautiful B．beautifully; most beautifully C．beautifuly; most beautifully D．beautiful; most beautifully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——弗兰克唱歌和比尔一样优美。——是的，但我认为比尔在所有人中唱得最优美。 考查副词的原级和最高级。根据“as...as”以及选项可知，需用副词原级修饰动词sings，故第一空填beautifully；根据“of all”以及选项可知，需用副词最高级修饰动词sings，故第二空填most beautifully。故选B。 2．—Did Kate make progress in the final exam? —She ________ before, and of all the students she did ________. A．was as lazy as; most careful B．wasn’t as lazy as; the most carefully C．was as lazy as; more careful D．wasn’t as lazy as; the more carefully 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——凯特在期末考试中取得进步了吗？——她不像以前那么懒了，而且在所有学生中，她做得最认真。 考查形容词的原级和副词的最高级。根据“Did Kate make progress in the final exam?”以及“She…before”可知，如果取得了进步，说明她不如以前懒惰，应用同级比较的否定形式not as/so…as…，意为“不如……那样……”；结合问句中的Did可知，句子时态为一般过去时，be动词应用wasn’t；根据“of all the students she did”可知，空处修饰实义动词did，应用副词carefully。of all the students说明比较范围是三者以上，应用最高级the most carefully。故选B。 3．Of all the disasters, the flood affected the area ________. A．deeply B．more deeply C．most deeply D．the most deeply 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在所有灾难中，洪水对该地区的影响最深。 句中“Of all the disasters（在所有灾难中）”表示三者及以上的范围，需用最高级；“deeply”是副词，若修饰动词作状语时，其最高级前通常省略定冠词the，应填most deeply。 4．Jack writes ________ of all the students. And the teacher praises him. A．more careful B．the most careful C．the most carefully D．more carefully 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Jack是所有学生里写作最认真的。老师表扬了他。 由“of all the students”可知要用最高级，write为动词，要用副词修饰，careful的副词形式为carefully，最高级为the most carefully。 5．—Who sings ________ in your class? —Li Na does. She has a beautiful voice. A．the most beautifully B．more beautifully C．the most beautiful D．more beautiful 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你们班谁唱得最动听？——李娜。她有一副好嗓子。 修饰动词sings需用副词，根据范围“in your class”可知是三者及以上比较，需用最高级，故填the most beautifully。 6．Wind blows ________ in winter than in summer. A．strongly B．stronger C．more strongly D．most strongly 【答案】C 【详解】句意：冬天的风吹得比夏天更猛烈。 空格前blows是动词，需要用副词来修饰；than是比较级的标志词，因此要用副词的比较级形式。strongly是多音节副词，其比较级是在前面加more，即more strongly。 7．As we all know, a rocket flies ________ than an ordinary plane. A．far quicker B．more quicker C．far quickly D．much more quickly 【答案】D 【详解】‘句意：众所周知，火箭飞得比普通飞机快得多。 修饰动词flies应用副词quickly；句中有than，应用副词比较级more quickly；much可以修饰比较级表示程度。故选D。 8．Allen spent ________ time ________ his homework but did ________ than Tony. A．little; doing; badly B．less; to do; well C．little; to do; worse D．less; doing; better 【答案】D 【详解】句意：艾伦花费更少的时间做他的家庭作业，但做得比托尼更好。 根据句末than Tony可知句子含有比较意味，第一空修饰不可数名词time，应用little的比较级less“更少的”；固定搭配spend time doing sth.表示“花费时间做某事”，第二空填doing；第三空修饰动词did且后有than，需用副词well的比较级better。故选D。 9．—Tom did a good job. He got the second ________ score in the school. —Yes. He has already worked ________ this term than before. A．higher; more harder B．highest; much hardest C．highest; much harder D．higher; hardest 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆做得很好。他在学校得了第二高的分数。——是的。这学期他已经比以前努力多了。 根据“He got the second…score in the school.”可知，此处结构为“the+序数词+形容词最高级”，表示“第二最……”，应用highest；根据“worked…than before”可知，此处应用副词比较级，hard的比较级为 harder，much可修饰比较级，应用much harder。 10．________ Tom ran, ________ he found it was to breathe. A．The quicker; the harder B．The quicklier; the harder C．The more quickly; the hardlier D．The more quickly; the harder 【答案】D 【详解】句意：汤姆跑得越快，他发现呼吸就越困难。 第一空修饰动词ran，应用副词quickly，其比较级为more quickly，quicklier形式错误；第二空表示“困难的”，应用形容词hard，其比较级为harder。故选D。 11．“The audience can hear them, but they cannot see them.” 中的“but”表示： A．因果 B．并列 C．转折 D．条件 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“观众能听到他们的声音，但是看不到他们。”中的 “but” 表示： but但是，表示前后句意相反。根据单词but表语义相反，是“转折”关系。 12．Both humans ________ animals need communication to express their feelings. A．and B．or C．but D．so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：人类和动物都需要交流来表达他们的情感。 and和；or或者；but但是；so因此。根据“Both humans...animals”可知这是“both…and…”的固定搭配，表示“两者都”，用来连接“humans”和“animals”两个并列主语，应填and。 13．You should listen to others carefully, ________ you can understand their thoughts better. A．but B．so C．or D．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你应该仔细倾听他人，这样你才能更好地理解他们的想法。 but但是（表转折）；so所以/因此（表结果）；or否则（表选择或警告）；because因为（表原因）。根据“listen to others carefully”（仔细倾听他人）和“you can understand their thoughts better”（你才能更好地理解他们的想法）可知，前者是后者的方式或条件，后者是结果，so符合语境。 14．The boy helped the old woman stand up, ________ he also offered to take her to the hospital. A．but B．so C．and D．or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：男孩帮助老妇人站起来，并且还主动提出送她去医院。 but但是（表转折）；so所以（表结果）；and和/并且（表并列或递进）；or或者（表选择）。根据“helped the old woman stand up”（帮助老妇人站起来）和“offered to take her to the hospital”（主动提出送她去医院）可知，前后为递进关系，应填and。 15．— Why was he late this morning? — He failed to arrive at the station in time. ________, he missed the train. A．However B．Otherwise C．Therefore D．Moreover 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——他今天早上为什么迟到了？——他没能及时到达车站，因此错过了火车。 However然而，表示转折；Otherwise否则，表示相反的结果；Therefore因此，表示因果关系；Moreover此外，表示递进。前半句“他没能及时到达车站”是原因，后半句“错过了火车”是结果，二者是因果关系，Therefore符合语境。应填Therefore。 16．—Many cities are encouraging shared bikes to reduce heavy traffic. —Yes. Shared bikes are easier for trips, ________ we should remember to park them in the right place. A．while B．so C．or D．but 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——许多城市正在鼓励共享单车以减少严重的交通拥堵。——是的。共享单车出行更方便，但是我们应该记得把它们停在正确的地方。 while当……时候/然而；so所以；or或者/否则；but但是。根据“Shared bikes are easier for trips”可知共享单车出行方便，后句提到应该记得规范停车，前后句意存在转折关系。 17．Which of the following is NOT a linking word used to give reasons? A．Firstly B．Besides C．Lastly D．Suddenly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪一项不是用于给出理由的连接词？ Firstly首先，连接词；Besides此外，连接词；Lastly最后，连接词；Suddenly突然，副词。Suddenly意为“突然”，是副词，表示时间或方式，不具备连接理由的功能。应填Suddenly。 18．She missed the English talk, ________ she had to look after her sick grandma. A．yet B．for C．but D．nor 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她错过了英语讲座，因为她不得不照顾生病的奶奶。 yet然而，连词表转折；for因为，并列连词表原因；but但是，连词表转折；nor也不，连词表否定补充。根据“She missed the English talk,...she had to look after her sick grandma”可知，前后句为因果关系，后句是前句的原因，故用for连接。 19．Environmental protection starts with me. ________ I use reusable bags when I go shopping. A．Because B．Although C．So D．If 【答案】C 【详解】句意：环保从我做起。所以我购物时使用可重复使用的袋子。 Because因为；Although虽然；So所以；If如果。根据“Environmental protection starts with me.”可知前句表明环保的原则，后句是采取的具体行动，前后构成因果关系，表示“所以”，用so连接。 20．He warned his friend about online dangers, ________ his friend didn’t listen. A．so B．so that C．but D．because 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他警告朋友注意网络危险，但是他的朋友不听。 so所以；so that以便；but但是；because因为。根据“He warned his friend about online dangers”与“his friend didn’t listen”可知，前半句提出警告，后半句表示朋友未听从，前后句意存在转折关系，应用but连接。 21．We shouldn’t ________ late for volunteer work. A．be B．is C．are D．am 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们做志愿工作不应该迟到。 be是（动词原形）；is是（用于第三人称单数主语）；are是（用于复数或第二人称主语）；am是（用于第一人称单数主语I）。情态动词shouldn’t后应接动词原形，应填be。 22．Do you think there ________ many second choices in life? A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你认为生活中有很多第二次选择吗？ 句子是一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句，主句是一般现在时，从句根据语境选择适当的时态，根据“in life”可知，从句问的是一般情况，用一般现在时，there be句型表示“有”，be动词的选择和主语的单复数保持一致，从句主语“choices”是复数，且句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。 23．He said that at that time he ________ afraid of dogs. A．is B．was C．are D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他说那时他害怕狗。 is是，一般现在时；was是，一般过去时；are是，一般现在时；were是，一般过去时。在主句“He said that at that time...”中，主句的谓语动词said是say的过去式，宾语从句通常也需使用相应的过去时态。因此，排除一般现在时的选项A和C；宾语从句的主语是he(第三人称单数)，因此从句的系动词应选用was。 24．—He’s told to join in the maths competition, ________ he? —________. He is preparing for it. A．hasn’t; No B．hasn’t; Yes C．isn’t; No D．isn’t; Yes 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——他被告知要参加数学竞赛，是吗？——是的。他正在为它做准备。 根据“He’s told”可知，此处“He’s”是“He is”的缩写，所以第一空应用“isn’t”；根据“He is preparing for it.”可知，他正在为数学竞赛做准备，说明他被告知要参加竞赛这件事是真的，所以第二空应用“Yes”来回答。 25．Tofu ________ a good source of protein and ________ rich in minerals. A．is; is B．are; are C．is; are D．are; is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：豆腐是蛋白质的良好来源，并且富含矿物质。 主语Tofu是不可数名词，谓语动词需用单数形式is。句中两个空共享同一主语，因此都填is。 26．Everyone here ________ because of Changchun 2027 Winter Universiade (大冬会). A．looks on the bright side B．feels blue C．is in low spirits D．feels on top of the world 【答案】D 【详解】句意：因为长春2027年世界大学生冬季运动会，这里的每个人都欣喜若狂。 looks on the bright side乐观处事；feels blue心情沮丧；is in low spirits情绪低落；feels on top of the world欣喜若狂。结合“举办长春大冬会”的愉快语境，B、C为负面情绪直接排除；A侧重处事心态，不形容瞬时心情，这里应填feels on top of the world。 27．—Why ________ you late for the sci-fi class? —________ I missed the early bus. A．are; Because B．were; Because C．was; Since D．did; As 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你为什么上科幻课迟到了？——因为我错过了早班车。 第一空描述过去发生的事情（上科幻课迟到），主语是you，be动词的过去式用were；第二空回答原因，because表示“因为”，直接回答why的提问。 28．We believe fashionable clothes ________ not always expensive. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们相信时尚的衣服并不总是昂贵的。 is是，一般现在时第三人称单数；are是，一般现在时复数；was是，一般过去时单数；were是，一般过去时复数。主语fashionable clothes为复数名词，且句子表达一般事实，应用一般现在时，故谓语动词用are。 29．These long sentences ________ for beginners. A．is difficult B．difficult C．are difficult D．difficulties 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些长句子对初学者来说很难。 sentences是复数主语，be动词需用are；difficult“困难的”，形容词，此处作表语。 30．Recycling paper ________ good for the environment. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：纸张回收利用对环境有益。 is是（一般现在时单数）；are是（一般现在时复数）；was是（一般过去时单数）；were是（一般过去时复数）。动名词短语Recycling paper（回收纸张）作句子主语，谓语动词用单数形式。这句话是客观常识、普遍真理，要用一般现在时。故选A。 二、语法选择 Chen Min is a 57-year-old woman from Chongqing. She loves taking risks. Last year, she 1 finished the North Pole Marathon (北极点马拉松). This is 2 unusual race—it takes place on ice. The runners have to deal 3 the freezing weather and protect themselves from polar bears. Last summer, temperatures in the area were 4 than usual, causing the ice to become much thinner. Under these 5 , the runners had to be very careful. Even many experienced runners 6 it as the most challenging race. Chen’s team, with an average age of over 60, finished the marathon the fastest, in 8 hours and 52 minutes. However, this was not Chen’s only achievement. Before that, she walked to the South Pole 7 climbed the Seven Summits (七大洲最高峰). Chen is the first Chinese woman 8 these goals! “Age is never a problem,” she said after the race. She encouraged people, especially middle-aged women, to challenge 9 and follow their dreams. “ 10 you dare to take the first step, you can see the world’s most amazing landscapes,” she added. 1．A．success B．successful C．successfully 2．A．an B．the C．/ 3．A．of B．with C．at 4．A．high B．higher C．highest 5．A．condition B．conditions C．conditions’ 6．A．described B．describe C．will describe 7．A．and B．but C．so 8．A．achieving B．achieve C．to achieve 9．A．they B．themselves C．their 10．A．Even though B．Because C．As long as 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了57岁的重庆女性Chen Min热爱冒险，成功完成北极点马拉松等挑战，鼓励人们勇于追梦。 1．句意：去年，她成功完成了北极点马拉松。 修饰动词“finished”用副词successfully“成功地”。 2．句意：这是一场不同寻常的赛事——它在冰上举办。 此处泛指“一场不寻常的比赛”，“unusual”以元音音素开头，泛指用不定冠词an。定冠词the表特指，以及零冠词都不符合语境。 3．句意：跑步者必须应对严寒的天气，并保护自己免受北极熊的伤害。 固定搭配deal with表示“应付，处理”。deal不和of以及at搭配成短语。 4．句意：去年夏天，该地区的气温比往年更高，导致冰面变得薄了很多。 “than”是比较级的标志，要用high的比较级higher。highest是最高级，不符合语法要求。 5．句意：在这种条件下，跑步者必须非常小心。 “these”后接可数名词复数conditions“条件”。空后没有名词，不需要所有格“conditions’”修饰。 6．句意：就连许多经验丰富的跑步者都称这是最具挑战性的比赛。 第二段叙述去年发生的事件，用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式described。describe是原形，will describe是一般将来时，不符合语法要求。 7．句意：在那之前，她徒步走到了南极，并攀登了七大洲最高峰。 “walked to the South Pole”和“climbed the Seven Summits”是并列的两个成就，用并列连词and连接。but表转折，so表结果，均不符合语境。 8．句意：Chen Min是第一位达成这些目标的中国女性。 固定结构“the first+名词+to do sth.”意为“第一个做某事的……”，不定式to achieve作后置定语。 9．句意：她鼓励人们，尤其是中年女性，去挑战自我，追寻自己的梦想。 固定搭配challenge oneself表示“挑战自我”，此处指代“people”，用反身代词themselves。they是人称代词，their是物主代词，均不符合语法要求。 10．句意：只要你敢迈出第一步，你就能看到世界上最令人惊叹的风景。 前后句是条件关系，用as long as“只要”引导条件状语从句。even though表让步，because表原因，均不符合语境。 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 My grandfather once showed me a special plant in his garden—bamboo. “This plant,” he said, “teaches us 1 important lesson in life.” He explained that after planting bamboo seeds (种子), you see 2 for almost five years—no sprouts, no leaves, just bare earth. Many people give up during this time, thinking it will never grow. 3 my grandfather told me, “you must keep on 4 to witness the miracle (奇迹) of growth.” Then, 5 the fifth year, something amazing happens. The bamboo suddenly shoots up, growing taller than a house in just a few weeks. “If you stop watering too early,” Grandfather said, “you 6 this miracle. The waiting makes the reward sweeter, and giving up only makes the regret 7 .” Now when I face 8 in my studies, I remember the bamboo. 9 true success, I understand that one needs patience and persistent effort. No matter 10 slow things go, I will keep trying until good results come, just like the amazing bamboo in my grandfather’s garden. 1．A．a B．an C．the 2．A．everything B．something C．nothing 3．A．And B．But C．So 4．A．water B．to water C．watering 5．A．in B．on C．at 6．A．miss B．missed C．will miss 7．A．bad B．worse C．the worst 8．A．problem B．problems C．problems’ 9．A．To achieve B．Achieving C．Achieved 10．A．when B．how C．what 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了祖父通过花园里竹子的生长过程，教导作者要有耐心和持续努力，才能取得成功，作者在面对学习问题时也从中获得启示。 1．句意：祖父曾带我去看他花园里一种特别的植物——竹子。“这种植物，”他说道，“能教会我们人生的重要道理。” a 一个，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the这个。根据“he said, “teaches us … important lesson in life.” 此句中的“important” 的首字母是元音的发音可知，因此不定冠词应选“an”，故选B。 2．句意：他解释说，种下竹子种子后，你几乎五年都看不到任何东西——没有嫩芽，没有叶子，只有光秃秃的土地 everything每件事；something某个；nothing没有任何一个。根据“He explained that after planting bamboo seeds (种子), you see … for almost five years—no sprouts, no leaves, just bare earth.” 此句中“you see … for almost five years …” 这个部分的句意“你几乎五年都看不到任何东西”可知，此处应选“没有任何东西”英文表达“nothing”，故选C。 3．句意：许多人在这段时间里放弃了，认为它永远不会成长。但我祖父告诉我：“你必须继续浇水，才能见证生长的奇迹。” And和，以及；But但，但是；So所以。根据“Many people give up during this time, thinking it will never grow. … my grandfather told me, “you must keep on … to witness the miracle (奇迹) of growth.” 两句前后句的句意以及逻辑关系可知，前句说很多人放弃了，而后句说我祖父跟我说要继续坚持可判断前后是转折关系，此处应选But表示转折，故选B。 4．句意：但我祖父告诉我：“你必须继续浇水，才能见证生长的奇迹。” water浇水，原形；to water浇水，不定式；watering浇水，现在分词/动名词。根据“But my grandfather told me, “you must keep on … to witness the miracle (奇迹) of growth.” 这句中“keep on …” 这个动词短语结构分析，keep on后面需要跟动词的现在分词结构，所以此处需选动词water的现在分词watering，故选C。 5．句意：然后，在第五年，一些惊人的事情发生了。 in在……时间，在……里面；on在……上面；at在(某处)。根据“Then, … the fifth year, something amazing happens.”此句中“… the fifth year” 是表达时间，因此应选“in+时间”的结构，故选A 6．句意：“如果你太早停止浇水，”爷爷说，“你会错过这个奇迹的。 miss错过，原形；missed错过，过去式；will miss错过，一般将来时。根据“If you stop watering too early,” Grandfather said, “you … this miracle.”此句的句意以及句型可知，此句是条件状语从句，if引导条件状语从句，后句是主句，假设性的条件如果发生，就会……，此处主句需要用一般将来时，所以应用miss的一般将来时will miss，故选C。 7．句意：等待让回报更甜蜜，放弃只会让遗憾更糟 bad差，不好；worse更糟，更坏；the worst最坏的，最差的。根据“The waiting makes the reward sweeter, and giving up only makes the regret …” 此句的句意以及句型结构可知，前半句中的“the reward sweeter … ” 用了sweet的比较级结构，因此后半句也应用对应的形容词的比较级结构，结合此句的句意，应选bad的比较级worse，故选B。 8．句意：现在，当我在学习中遇到问题时，我会想起竹子。 problem问题，单数；problems问题，复数；problems’问题的，所有格形式。根据“Now when I face … in my studies, I remember the bamboo.”此句的句意以及“in my studies” 可知，studies是名词的复数形式，因此前面部分的“问题”这个名词也应用复数形式，以保持前后一致，故选B。 9．句意：要取得真正的成功，我明白一个人需要耐心和坚持不懈的努力。 To achieve获得，不定式；Achieving获得，现在分词/动名词；Achieved获得，过去式/过去分词。根据“… true success, I understand that one needs patience and persistent effort.” 的句型结构可知，此句是目的状语提前的结构，应用to do动词不定式表示目的状语，故选A。 10．句意：无论事情进展得多么缓慢，我都会继续努力，直到取得好成绩，就像我祖父花园里那棵神奇的竹子一样。 when什么时间，什么时候；how如何，多么，怎样；what什么。根据“No matter … slow things go, I will keep trying until good results come, just like the amazing bamboo in my grandfather’s garden.”此句的句意可知，此处表达的意思是“多么……怎样，如何……怎样”，故选B。 Wild animals are our friends. But now, many of 1 are in danger. Their homes are getting 2 than before. We need to do something to help. What can we do? Many countries build nature parks. In these parks, people cannot hunt in 3 nature park. Our government (政府) 4 a new plan to protect animals last year. 5 we are students, we can also help. We should learn more and wait 6 our turn to volunteer. Small actions can help a lot. We should do more 7 about protecting them. I was very happy when I 8 a small deer in the park. We 9 be friendly to animals. This is their home, and we need 10 it safe. Let’s start doing today! 1．A．they B．their C．them 2．A．small B．smaller C．smallest 3．A．a B．an C．the 4．A．started B．starts C．start 5．A．Because B．Although C．If 6．A．to B．for C．with 7．A．things B．thing C．thing’s 8．A．see B．saw C．seeing 9．A．should B．may C．would 10．A．keep B．keeps C．to keep 【答案】 1．C 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文讲述野生动物面临危险，旨在呼吁通过建立保护区、政府计划及个人行动保护动物，共同维护家园安全。 1．句意：它们中许多处于危险中。 根据介词of后需接宾格代词，指代前文的Wild animals。应选用them，人称代词宾格，作介词of的宾语，指代“野生动物”。 2．句意：家园变得比以前更小。 根据空后than before，句子需用形容词比较级。应选用smaller，表示“比以前更小”。 3．句意：在这些自然公园里，人们不能狩猎 根据前文提到的“nature parks”，此处为特指这类自然公园。应选用the，定冠词，表特指“这些自然公园”。 4．句意：政府去年启动了新计划。 根据时间状语“last year”，句子需用一般过去时。应选用started，start的过去式，符合一般过去时的时间语境。 5．句意：虽然我们是学生，也能帮忙。 根据上下文“我们是学生”和“我们也能帮忙”，为转折让步关系。应选用Although，连词，引导让步状语从句。 6．句意：等待轮到我们去做志愿者。 根据固定搭配“wait for one’s turn”意为“等待轮到某人”。故选for，构成固定搭配，表示“等待轮到我们去做志愿活动”。 7．句意：我们应该做更多事情。 根据more后接可数名词复数，表示“更多的事情”。应选用things，复数名词，表示“更多的事情”。 8．句意：当我看到一只小鹿时。 根据主句“I was very happy”，从句需用一般过去时。应选用saw，see的过去式，与主句时态保持一致。 9．句意：我们应该对动物友好。 根据上下文的倡议语气，需用情态动词表示建议。应选用should，情态动词，表示“应该”，符合倡议语境。 10．句意：我们需要保持它的安全。 根据固定搭配“need to do sth.”意为“需要做某事”。应选用to keep，动词不定式，构成need to do结构，表示“需要保持它们安全”。 三、阅读理解 When we think of forests, we usually imagine trees growing on dry land. But have you ever heard of a “walking forest”? On the coasts (海岸) of Fujian and other southern provinces, there is a special kind of tree called mangrove (红树林). These special trees can slowly “walk” on the muddy (泥泞的) ground year by year. Most trees cannot live in salty water, but mangroves are different. They grow well near the sea. Their roots (树根) are very special. They do not grow straight down. Many roots grow above the water and look like long legs. These “legs” help the trees take in fresh air when the sea water rises. Also, they help the trees against strong wind and big waves (海浪). How do mangroves “walk”? As trees grow older, their old roots will die and break down. At the same time, new roots grow towards the sea. After many years, the trees will slowly move away from their old places. One mangrove tree can move several meters in one hundred years. Mangroves are also very useful. They can stop strong storms and protect nearby villages. Lots of fish, crabs and birds live in their roots. Little fish often hide (躲藏) there to stay safe from dangerous big sea animals. However, mangroves are in great danger now. Pollution (污染) and human activities make fewer and fewer mangroves. Luckily, Fujian has built many special places to protect them. Planting more mangroves can protect nature and also keep people away from natural disasters. 1．Why are mangrove trees called “walking trees”? A．Because they can move their legs like animals. B．Because they grow new roots and lose old ones, slowly moving to new places. C．Because the wind blows them from one place to another quickly. D．Because people carry them to different spots every year. 2．What is the main function of the mangrove’s special roots? A．To make the tree look beautiful for visitors. B．To help the tree get food from deep underground. C．To help the tree breathe and stay strong in the sea. D．To stop fish from swimming near the tree. 3．What does the underlined word “disasters” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．灾害 B．景观 C．奇迹 D．规律 4．According to the text, which of the following is TRUE? A．Mangroves can only grow on dry land. B．Small fish use mangrove roots as a hiding place. C．Mangrove trees move several meters every day. D．There are no mangrove forests in Fujian Province. 5．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Protecting mangroves is only important for birds. B．Human activities have no effect on mangrove forests. C．Mangroves play a double role in environmental protection and human safety. D．We should stop all fishing activities near the coast. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了被称为“行走的森林”的红树林，说明了其特殊的“行走”方式、独特的根系功能、生态作用以及面临的危机与保护措施。 1．文中第2段提到“As trees grow older, their old roots will die and break down. At the same time, new roots grow towards the sea. After many years, the trees will slowly move away from their old places.”，说明红树林被称为“行走的树”，是因为它们会随着老根死亡、新根向海边生长，缓慢移动到新的地方。 2．文中第2段提到“These ‘legs’ help the trees take in fresh air when the sea water rises. Also, they help the trees against strong wind and big waves.”，说明红树林特殊根系的主要功能是帮助树木在海水中呼吸并抵御风浪。 3．文中最后一段提到“Planting more mangroves can protect nature and also keep people away from natural disasters.”，结合上下文，红树林可以保护人们免受自然灾害的侵袭，因此“disasters”意为“灾害”。 4．文中第2段提到“Little fish often hide there to stay safe from dangerous big sea animals.”，说明小鱼会把红树林的根当作藏身之处。 5．文中最后一段提到“Planting more mangroves can protect nature and also keep people away from natural disasters.”，说明红树林既对环境保护有益，也能保障人类安全，发挥着双重作用。 The chrysanthemum(菊花) is a very popular flower in China. It is known as one of the “Four Gentlemen（君子）in Plants”. The other three are the plant blossom, the orchid, and bamboo. All of them are symbols of goodness in Chinese culture. The chrysanthemum comes out in bright colours during cold autumn days, when most flowers die. It is beautiful and strong. So the flower became a favourite of ancient Chinese poets. TaoYuanming was a famous poet. He once wrote a poem about the chrysanthemum.“I pluck chrysanthemum under the eastern hedge, and gaze afar toward the southern mountain（采菊东篱下，悠然见南山),”Tao wrote in his poem. We can see his peace of mind in the poem. But chrysanthemums are not only found in Chinese poems.They are also part of Chinese food. The Chongyang Festival falls on the ninth day of the ninth month in the lunar calendar(阴历). On that day, drinking chrysanthemum wine（酒）is a popular tradition（传统）. Chrysanthemum tea usually appears on Chinese dinner tables, too. It tastes great, and people believe it is good for their health. In a word, the chrysanthemum has a great influence (影响) on Chinese people’s life. 1．The chrysanthemum is a symbol of ________ in Chinese culture. A．strength B．goodness C．health D．hope 2．Why did ancient Chinese poets like the chrysanthemum a lot? A．Because it’s nice and strong. B．Because it opens for a long time. C．Because it’s the most useful flower. D．Because it’s easy to write about. 3．How does Tao Yuanming feel in his poem? A．Lonely and sad. B．Worried and tired. C．Excited and shocked. D．Peaceful and relaxed. 4．Why does the writer talk about Tao Yuanming in the passage? A．To show his importance in Chinese poetry. B．To show the long history of chrysanthemums. C．To show Chinese poets’ love of chrysanthemums. D．To show chrysanthemums could make people peaceful. 5．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The strengths of chrysanthemums among plants. B．Different uses of chrysanthemums in people’s life. C．The influence of chrysanthemums on Chinese people’s life. D．The popularity of chrysanthemums on Chinese people’s dinner table. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍菊花是花中四君子之一，品性坚韧深受古代诗人喜爱，还融入重阳饮酒、菊花茶饮食习俗，体现菊花对中国人生活方方面面的深远影响。 1．根据第一段最后一句“All of them are symbols of goodness in Chinese culture.”可知菊花是花中四君子之一，它们整体都是美好品德的象征，所以菊花象征美德（goodness）。 2．根据第二段“It is beautiful and strong. So the flower became a favourite of ancient Chinese poets.”可知菊花外形美丽、品性坚韧，在百花凋零的深秋绽放，因此深受古代诗人喜爱。 3．根据第三段最后一句“We can see his peace of mind in the poem.”可知，陶渊明在诗中感觉是平静和放松的（Peaceful and relaxed）。 4．第二段末尾提到菊花成为古代诗人的最爱，第三段紧接着列举著名诗人陶渊明的例子。作者举陶渊明的事例，是用来举例说明文人墨客十分喜爱菊花。 5．最后一段总结道“The chrysanthemum has a great influence on Chinese people’s life.”全文从文化寓意、文学诗词、饮食民俗多方面，讲述菊花对中国人生活的影响，尾段直接点题。 There are no more dinosaurs living on the Earth. They are extinct, which means there is no longer a certain kind of plant or animal living anywhere in the world. A species is a certain group of living organisms, like dinosaurs, humans, birds, and many others. Scientists believe many organisms, along with the dinosaurs, died out when a large asteroid collided with the Earth. The collision caused a mass extinction, which occurs at a faster rate over a very short time period. There are usually two reasons for the extinction of animals and other living things. The first is natural, which may take place when animals do not adapt to natural changes in their environment. For example, if the habitat of a bird suddenly changes, and if the bird does not adapt, it could become extinct. Examples of naturally occurring extinction may take place during a change in the climate. This took place during the Ice Age when the temperature of the Earth was much lower. During a natural extinction, the species may be eliminated by new predators that move into their environment. The food needed to survive may no longer be available. Another example of this type of extinction was the woolly mammoth, a relative of the elephant, which died out 10,000 years ago due to climate change and the disappearance of its habitat. The second reason for the extinction of animals is human interaction, which includes hunting and habitat destruction caused by people. An animal’s environment may be destroyed by pollution or construction, such as the destruction of parts of a rainforest. Humans also overhunt sometimes wiping out an entire species. In addition, the moving of non-native species into an area where they are not usually found may lead to the extinction of another species. Examples include the Dodo bird that became extinct due to overhunting and other animals moving into its environment. The passenger pigeon died out due to the destruction of its habitat, as well as overhunting. There are many animals that have become extinct, but when animals are in danger of becoming extinct, yet still survive, they are called endangered animals. 1．All the following are extinct species EXCEPT: A．Dinosaurs B．Orangutans C．Passenger pigeons D．Dodo birds 2．Which of the following is a reason why animals may become extinct or endangered? A．Climate change B．Habitat destruction C．Overhunting D．All of the above 3．New predators moving into the environment may first lead to which of the following? A．Extinction of another species B．An increase in new food sources C．Endangered species D．Loss of land resources 4．Which of the following DOES NOT define a mass extinction well? A．An extinction that occurs at a faster rate compared to a typical extinction B．An extinction of more than one animal or plant species C．An extinction of many organisms on Earth D．An extinction in a long time-period 5．Hunting and habitat destruction are reasons for which of the following types of extinction? A．Natural B．Human interaction C．Mass D．None of the above 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．B 【导语】分析片段本文是一篇说明文，围绕物种灭绝这一主题展开，介绍了灭绝的定义，并从自然因素（如气候变化、物种不适应环境、小行星撞击等）和人为因素（如过度捕猎、栖息地破坏、外来物种入侵等）两个方面，分析了动物灭绝的主要原因，同时提及了濒危动物的概念，旨在帮助读者了解物种灭绝的相关知识。 1．根据第一段“There are no more dinosaurs living on the Earth. They are extinct”可知，恐龙已经灭绝；根据第六段“Examples include the Dodo bird that became extinct”可知，渡渡鸟已经灭绝；根据第六段“The passenger pigeon died out”可知，旅鸽已经灭绝。文中没有提到红毛猩猩已经灭绝，因此它不属于灭绝物种。 2．根据第三段“Examples of naturally occurring extinction may take place during a change in the climate.”可知，气候变化会导致灭绝；根据第五段“An animal’s environment may be destroyed by pollution or construction”可知，栖息地破坏会导致灭绝；根据第五段“Humans also overhunt sometimes wiping out an entire species.”可知，过度捕猎也会导致灭绝。因此A、B、C都是原因。 3．根据文章第三段“During a natural extinction, the species may be eliminated by new predators that move into their environment.”以及第五段提到非本地物种进入可能导致另一物种灭绝。因此新捕食者进入环境可能导致另一物种灭绝。 4．根据文章第一段“The collision caused a mass extinction, which occurs at a faster rate over a very short time-period.”。选项D称其为“长时间段内的灭绝”，与原文“very short time-period”相悖。 5．根据文章第五段“The second reason for the extinction of animals is human interaction, which includes hunting and habitat destruction caused by people.”可知，动物灭绝的第二个原因是人类互动，包括人类造成的捕猎和栖息地破坏。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $