专题03 情态动词和it的用法（暑假复习讲义）新七年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

专题03 情态动词和it的用法 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 情态动词 ① can/could/may/should/must：能力、许可、建议、强制； ② 情态动词表推测；mustn’t 与 don’t have to 辨析； ③ Could 委婉请求问答规则；情态动词后接动词原形。 以单选为主，依托日常对话语境辨析语气；推测类题型为高频热点；易混淆词义、特殊问答是高频失分点，不单独考词义，侧重情景综合运用。 it 的用法 ① 指代单数事物、不明身份人物、天气 / 时间 / 距离； ② it 作形式主语、形式宾语；It takes sb. time to do 固定句型。 单选、完形、写作均会考查；核心区分形式主 / 宾语结构与代词指代；学生常漏写形式宾语 it、混淆指代对象，是书面表达关键得分点。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 情态动词 语法核心 核心情态动词（can、could、may、should、must），均为初中高频考点，侧重语气差异、用法辨析及句式搭配，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形 情态动词1：can 核心用法： 1. 表示“能、会”（表能力）； 2. 表示“可以”（表许可）； 3. 表示“可能”（表推测，用于肯定句/否定句，可能性中等） 句式变化：否定式：can’t（=can not）；疑问式：Can+主语+动词原形？ 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. I can swim.（我会游泳。） 2. Can I use your pen?（我可以用你的钢笔吗？） 3. He can’t be at home.（他不可能在家。） 易错点：不可说“can to do”，后接动词原形；表推测时，can’t译为“不可能”，而非“不能” 情态动词2：could 核心用法： 1. can的过去式（表过去的能力、许可）； 2. 表委婉请求/建议（比can更礼貌）； 3. 表推测（可能性比can低，用于肯定句/否定句） 句式变化：否定式：couldn’t；疑问式：Could+主语+动词原形？ 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. He could swim when he was 5.（他5岁时就会游泳了。） 2. Could you help me?（你能帮我一下吗？） 3. It could rain this afternoon.（今天下午可能会下雨。） 易错点：could表委婉请求时，回答用can（不用could），如“Could you...? Yes, I can.” 情态动词3：may 核心用法： 1. 表示“可以”（表许可，比can更正式）； 2. 表示“可能”（表推测，用于肯定句/否定句，可能性比can低）； 3. 表委婉请求（常用May I...?） 句式变化：否定式：may not（不可缩写为mayn’t）；疑问式：May+主语+动词原形？ 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. May I go out?（我可以出去吗？） 2. It may be a cat.（它可能是一只猫。） 3. You may not play here.（你不可以在这里玩。） 易错点：may表推测时，一般不用于疑问句；否定式may not译为“可能不”，而非“不可以” 情态动词4：should 核心用法： 1. 表示“应该”（表建议、义务，语气委婉）； 2. 表示“竟然”（表意外，初中少见，了解即可） 句式变化：否定式：shouldn’t（=should not）；疑问式：Should+主语+动词原形？ 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. You should study hard.（你应该努力学习。） 2. Should I finish my homework first?（我应该先完成作业吗？） 3. He shouldn’t be late.（他不应该迟到。） 易错点：should表建议，语气比must弱，不表示强制要求 情态动词5：must 核心用法： 1. 表示“必须”（表强制义务，语气最强）； 2. 表示“一定”（表推测，可能性最高，仅用于肯定句） 句式变化：否定式：mustn’t（=must not，译为“禁止、不允许”）；疑问式：Must+主语+动词原形？ 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. You must finish your homework on time.（你必须按时完成作业。） 2. He must be ill.（他一定是生病了。） 3. You mustn’t cross the road now.（你现在禁止过马路。） 易错点：mustn’t≠don’t have to（前者“禁止”，后者“不必”）；must表推测时，否定句用can’t（不用mustn’t） 高频易错汇总 1. 所有情态动词后均接动词原形，不可加to； 2. could表委婉请求，回答用can； 3. mustn’t表“禁止”，don’t have to表“不必”，不可混淆； 4. 表推测：must（肯定，可能性最高）>can/could（中等）>may（最低）；5. may的否定式是may not，不可缩写为mayn’t 【典例破题】 —________ I play basketball after school, Mum? —Of course you can. But remember to get home for dinner at 6:00 p.m. A．Need B．Should C．Could D．Must 【答案】C 句意：——妈妈，放学后我可以打篮球吗？——你当然可以。但是记得下午6点回家吃晚饭。 Need需要；Should应该；Could可以；Must必须。根据答语“Of course you can.”可知，问句是在征求许可，“Could I...?”是表示委婉请求许可的常用句型。 【巩固提升1】 They’d better ________ the restaurant to book a table in advance. A．call B．to call C．calling D．to calling 【答案】A 句意：他们最好给餐厅打电话提前预订座位。 had better意为“最好”，后接动词原形。故选call。 【巩固提升2】 He ________ more flowers, and he shouldn’t cut any flowers. A．shouldn’t plant B．should plants C．shouldn’t planting D．should plant 【答案】D 句意：他应该种更多的花，而且他不应该摘任何花。   shouldn’t plant不应该种；should plants（形式错误，should后接动词原形）；shouldn’t planting（形式错误，shouldn’t后接动词原形）；should plant应该种。根据后句“he shouldn’t cut any flowers”可知，前句表达的是正面建议——应该多种花，前后构成“应该做…而不应该做…”的对比关系，应填should plant。 【巩固提升3】 —It’s windy now but it ________ rain later. —Yes. No one can tell the weather accurately. A．may B．need C．should D．must 【答案】A 句意：——现在刮风，但稍后可能会下雨。——是的。没人能准确预报天气。 may可能；need需要；should应该；must必须/一定。根据答语“No one can tell the weather accurately.”可知，天气情况不确定，表示推测可能下雨，应用may。 知识点二 it的用法 语法核心 it（代词），初中阶段核心用法分为4类，均为高频考点，侧重区分指代功能与固定句型 用法分类1：指代前文提到的单数名词 核心说明：指代前文出现过的单数可数名词或不可数名词（避免重复），指代单数人时需结合语境（多指代婴儿、未知性别者） 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. This is a pen. It is red.（这是一支钢笔，它是红色的。） 2. The baby is crying. It is hungry.（那个婴儿在哭，它饿了。） 易错点：不可用it指代前文的复数名词（复数需用they/them） 用法分类2：指代天气、时间、距离 核心说明：作形式主语，无实际意义，仅用于指代天气、时间、距离等抽象概念，固定搭配高频出现 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. It is sunny today.（今天天气晴朗。） 2. It is 7 o’clock now.（现在是7点钟。） 3. It is two kilometers from my home to school.（从我家到学校有两公里。） 易错点：此类用法中，it不可省略，不能说“Is sunny today” 用法分类3：作形式主语 核心说明：替代后面的不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）或从句，使句子结构更均衡，避免头重脚轻 固定句型：It is+形容词/名词+to do sth.（做某事是……的）；It is+形容词+that从句 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. It is easy to learn English.（学英语很容易。） 2. It is important that we study hard.（我们努力学习很重要。） 易错点：不可把真正的主语（不定式/从句）放在句首，避免句子冗长 用法分类4：作形式宾语 核心说明：替代宾语从句或不定式，放在谓语动词后，真正的宾语放在句末，常见于find、think、feel等动词后 固定句型：主语+find/think/feel+it+形容词+to do sth./that从句 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. I find it interesting to watch TV.（我发现看电视很有趣。） 2. She thinks it necessary that we practice speaking.（她认为我们练习口语是必要的。） 易错点：不可省略it，不能说“I find interesting to watch TV” 高频易错汇总 1. it只能指代单数名词/不可数名词，复数需用they/them； 2. 指代天气、时间、距离时，it不可省略； 3. 形式主语/形式宾语中，it不可省略，真正的主语/宾语放句末； 4. 不指代前文的人（除婴儿、未知性别者外） 【典例破题】 Millie found ________ to see the colourful Danxia landform in Zhangye, Gansu Province. A．it amazed B．it’s amazing C．it’s amazed D．it amazing 【答案】D 句意：米莉发现看到甘肃省张掖市多彩的丹霞地貌是令人惊叹的。 amazed感到惊叹的，常修饰人；amazing令人惊叹的，常修饰物或事。本句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式，宾语补足语直接用形容词，无需be动词。此处形容看到地貌这件事，应用amazing，完整应填入it amazing。 【巩固提升1】 It’s not easy for people to ________ in this cold area. A．surviving B．are surviving C．to survive D．survive 【答案】D 句意：对于人们来说，在这个寒冷的地区生存是不容易的。 句中It’s + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”，动词不定式作主语，to后跟动词原形。应填survive。 【巩固提升2】 It ________ my father one hour ________ to his office every day. A．spends; driving B．takes; to drive C．spends; to drive D．takes; driving 【答案】B 句意：每天开车去办公室要花我父亲一个小时。 It takes sb. some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多少时间”，it作形式主语，后接动词不定式；sb. spend(s) some time (in) doing sth.意为“某人花费多少时间做某事”，主语必须是人。本句形式主语是It，故第一空用takes，第二空用to drive。 【巩固提升3】 —Who’s that knocking on the door? —I don’t know. Maybe ________ is Jim. A．he B．him C．it D．that 【答案】C 句意：——谁在敲门？——我不知道。也许是吉姆。 考查代词辨析。he他，主格；him他，宾格；it它；that那个。根据“Maybe”可知，不知道对方是谁，用it指代不明身份的人。故选C。 一、单项选择 1．I found ________ impossible to solve the problem without his help. A．its B．the C．it D．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我发现没有他的帮助，解决这个问题是不可能的。 考查it作形式宾语的用法。its它的；the定冠词；it它；that那个。在“find it + adj. + to do”结构中，it作形式宾语，后面的不定式短语“to solve the problem”是真正的宾语。为了避免头重脚轻，用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语。故选C。 2．The twins look the same, even their father finds ________ difficult to tell them from each other. A．that B．this C．it D．those 【答案】C 【详解】句意：双胞胎看起来一模一样，甚至他们的父亲发现很难区分他们。 考查形式宾语it的用法。分析句子可知，此处作finds的宾语，真正宾语是“to tell them from each other”，故用it作形式宾语。find it difficult to do sth表示“发现做某事很难”。故选C。 3．_______ is hard to walk in the street when the weather is wet. A．They B．This C．It D．That 【答案】C 【详解】句意：天气潮湿的时候在街上行走会很困难。 考查形式主语it。They他们/她们/它们，代词主格；This这个，指示代词；It它，这，那，用于替代通常出现在其后面的名词、短语或从句；用于强调其后的句子成分；That那个，指示代词。分析句子结构可知，不定式“to walk in the street when the weather is wet”为真正的主语，形容词hard为表语，应用It作形式主语。故选C。 4．________ is very honest of you ________ the money you found on the playground. A．That; to return B．This; returning C．It; to return D．It; returning 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你归还了在操场上捡到的钱，这非常诚实。 考查it作形式主语的固定句型。That那，指示代词；This这，指示代词；It作形式主语，无实际意义；to return归还，动词不定式；returning归还，动名词或现在分词形式。根据句子结构，此处应用“It is+adj. of sb. to do sth.”句型，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式“to return the money you found on the playground”作真正的主语，构成“It is + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.”句型，表示“某人做某事是……的”。故选C。 5．________ difficult for the little plants ________ to the new pots at first. A．It’s; adapt B．It’s; to adapt C．That’s; adapt D．That’s; to adapt 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对于这些小植物来说，一开始适应新花盆很困难。 考查固定句型“It is + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.”（对某人来说做某事是……的）。该句型中，it作为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语“to adapt to the new pots”。选项A和C缺少“to”，不符合句型结构；选项D用“That’s”开头，不能充当形式主语。故选B。 6．I think ________ is important to read the instructions before buying something. A．this B．that C．it D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为在买东西之前看说明书是重要的。 考查it作形式主语的用法。this这个；that那个；it它；which哪个。根据“I think…is important to read the instructions before buying something.”可知，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语to read the instructions，空格处需用it作形式主语，放在主句谓语动词think后的宾语从句中，代替真正的主语。故选C。 7．—I’m planning to go to Sanya this winter holiday. How’s the weather there? —Not so hot. Sometimes _________ is very cool. A．this B．that C．one D．it 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我计划这个寒假去三亚。那里天气怎么样？——不是很热。有时很凉爽。 考查代词辨析。this这；that那；one一个；it它。根据“Sometimes…is very cool”可知，此处指天气凉爽，应填“it”代指天气。故选D。 8．—Look at the watch. ________ 7 o’clock now. —Let’s go to school. A．It B．They C．It’s D．They’re 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看手表。现在7点了。——我们去上学吧。 考查it的特殊用法。根据“Look at the watch.…7 o’clock now.”可知，表示时间时用非人称代词it，时态为一般现在时，be动词用is。故选C。 9．—_______ is the weather in Beijing? —_______ warm and sunny. A．What; It’s B．How; It’s C．How; It D．What; It 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——北京天气怎么样？——温暖而晴朗。 考查特殊疑问句。What什么；It’s它是；How如何；It它。询问天气可以用“How is the weather?”或“What is the weather like?”。此处用how，排除A、D；第二句缺少主语和谓语，主语是it，be动词用is。故选B。 10．—Dad, someone is knocking at the door. —Go and see who ________ is. I am busy now. A．him B．she C．it D．this 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——爸爸，有人正在敲门。——去看看是谁。我现在很忙。 考查代词。him他，宾格；she她，主格；it它，主格或宾格；this这个，根据上面的“someone is knocking at the door”和“Go and see who”可知，应该是不明身份的人，不明身份的人，用代词it代指，故选C。 11．—Who ________ your English teacher, Tom? —________ Miss Green. A．is; It’s B．are; It’s C．is; He is D．are; Its 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——谁是你的英语老师，汤姆？——是格林小姐。 考查主谓一致及代词。第一句主语是your English teacher，be动词用is，第二句缺少主谓，此处指代“Miss Green”，用it is表示，故选A。 12．Linda, there is somebody knocking at the door. Go and see who ________ is. A．he B．she C．it D．this 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Linda，有人在敲门。去看看是谁。 考查代词辨析。he他；she她；it它；this 这个。根据“somebody knocking at the door”可知，当指代身份不明的人时，英语中习惯用it，故选C。 13．—Someone is knocking on the door. —________ must be Jim. He is here to give back my bike. A．He B．This C．It D．They 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——有人在敲门。——一定是吉姆，他是来还我自行车的。 考查代词辨析。He他；This这；It它；They他们。根据“Someone is knocking on the door.”可知，此处是指代不明身份的某个人，用it指代。故选C。 14．—Which “could” is used to show politeness?  —“________ ” is. A．He could not shout at you. B．They could do it well in the past. C．I could give a seat to someone in need. D．Could you play with the dog for a short while? 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——哪个“could”是用来表示礼貌的？——“你能陪这只狗玩耍一会儿吗？”是。 He could not shout at you.表示不可能；They could do it well in the past.表示过去的能力；I could give a seat to someone in need.表示可能性；Could you play with the dog for a short while?中“Could you...?”用于提出请求，语气委婉礼貌。根据“show politeness”可知是表示礼貌的请求。 15．—Who ________ it be knocking at the door? —It ________ be Grandpa. He told me he was coming just now. A．must; must B．can; must C．may; can’t D．may; mustn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——敲门的可能会是谁？——肯定是爷爷。他刚才告诉我他要来。 must一定；can可能；may也许；can’t不可能；mustn’t禁止。第一空是特殊疑问句，表示对可能性的推测，常用can；第二空根据“He told me he’s coming just now”可知是有把握的肯定推测，应用must。所以选B。 16．—Dick, ________ I use your dictionary? —Yes, sure. ________ you give it to David after you use it? A．will; Would B．may; Might C．can; Could D．shall; Should 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Dick，我可以用一下你的字典吗？——是的，当然。你用完后能把它给David吗？ will将会；would将会；may可以；might可能；can可以；could可以；shall将会；should应该。第一空处表示征求许可，常用can或may；第二空处表示提出请求，用could语气更委婉客气。 17．How ________ a large crowd of students are shouting next door! They ________ win the match. A．exciting; must B．excitingly; may C．excited; may D．excitedly; must 【答案】D 【详解】句意：隔壁一大群学生喊叫得多么兴奋啊！他们一定赢了比赛。 第一空exciting令人兴奋的，excitingly令人兴奋地，excited兴奋的，excitedly兴奋地。修饰动词shouting，应用副词，且主语students是人，表示“感到兴奋地”，故用excitedly；第二空must必须，may也许。根据学生兴奋喊叫的证据进行肯定推测，表示“一定”，故用must。 18．I want to join the ________ club because I can ________ well. A．swims; swim B．swimming; swim C．swim; swims D．swimming; swims 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想加入游泳俱乐部，因为我游泳游得好。 第一空修饰名词club，表示俱乐部的类别，应用动名词swimming；第二空位于情态动词can之后，谓语动词需用原形swim。 19．—Can you play the guitar? —________. But I can play the piano. A．Yes, I can. B．No, I can’t. C．No, they can’t. D．Yes, they can. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你会弹吉他吗？——不，我不会。但是我会弹钢琴。 问句以“Can you”开头，答句需用第一人称“I”回应，因此排除C、D选项。根据答句中“But I can play the piano”的转折逻辑，可知前半句应为否定回答，表示“不会弹吉他”，应填No, I can’t.。 20．It ________ rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. A．may B．must C．need D．should 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天下午可能下雨。你最好带把伞。 may可能；must必须；need需要；should应该。根据“You’d better take an umbrella”可知，此处表示下雨的可能性，应用may，符合语境。 21．— Must we finish all exercises today? — Yes, you ________. A．must B．need C．can D．may 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我们今天必须完成所有练习吗？——是的，你们必须。   对“Must we…”开头的疑问句作肯定回答时，要用“must”。因为“must”表示“必须”，是提问者期望的强制性要求。“need”作情态动词时，肯定回答用“must”，但单独用“need”表示“需要”，语气较弱。“can”表示“能、可以”，允许但不强制。“may”表示“可以”，语气更委婉，都不符合答句“是的”所对应的强制语气。 22．The Cheshire Cat could ________ and disappear suddenly. A．appear B．appears C．appearing D．to appear 【答案】A 【详解】句意：柴郡猫可能突然出现又突然消失。 结合句子结构，情态动词could后面必须跟动词原形appear。 23．We should ________ with our classmates. A．cooperate B．cooperation C．cooperating D．to cooperate 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该和同学们合作。 情态动词should后必须接动词原形，因此此处应填cooperate。    24．It’s raining heavily outside, so we ________ stay at home. A．have to B．can C．may D．mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：外面雨下得很大，所以我们不得不待在家里。 have to不得不；can能；may可能；mustn’t禁止。根据“It’s raining heavily outside”可知，待在家里是受外界天气因素影响的客观需要，表示“不得不”。 25．—________ I finish my homework now, Mum? — No, you ________. You can do it after dinner. A．Must; mustn’t B．May; needn’t C．Must; needn’t D．Can; can’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我现在必须完成作业吗？——不，你不必。你可以在晚饭后做。 Must必须；mustn’t禁止；May可以；needn’t不必；Can能够；can’t不能。根据答语“No, you...You can do it after dinner.”可知，问句询问是否必须现在做，回答“不必”，否定回答must开头的一般疑问句应用needn’t。应填Must；needn’t。 26．— Mum, I want to eat a hamburger for lunch. ________ you please buy one for me? — No way! You ________ eat more vegetables instead of junk food. A．Could; should B．Should; must C．Must; should D．Could; mustn’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我午餐想吃汉堡，你能帮我买一个吗？——没门！你应该多吃蔬菜，别吃垃圾食品。 could可以；should应该；must必须；mustn’t禁止。第一空，“Could you please...”是固定的委婉请求句型，符合孩子向妈妈提出请求的语境，由此可排除B、C两项；第二空，should表示“应该”，用于给出建议或要求，符合妈妈要求孩子多吃蔬菜的语境。 27．It’s cold outside. You should ________ your coat. A．wear B．wears C．wearing D．wore 【答案】A 【详解】句意：外面很冷，你应该穿上你的外套。 wear穿，动词原形；wears是wear的第三人称单数形式；wearing是wear的现在分词；wore是wear的过去式。情态动词should后必须接动词原形，故选A。 28．She can ________ English very well. A．speak B．speaks C．speaking D．to speak 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她英语说得很好。 情态动词can后面必须跟动词原形，因此用speak。 29．Scientists made ________ possible to use robots to clean the rooms. A．it is B．that it C．it D．it’s 【答案】C 【详解】句意：科学家们让使用机器人打扫房间成为可能。 make it + adj. + to do sth.意为“使做某事变得……”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。A、D项含有系动词is，B项含有that，填入后句子结构错误，所以应填it。 30．We all thought ________ necessary for you to spend as much time as you could ________ English. A．that; improving B．it is; to improve C．it; improve D．it was; improving 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们都认为你尽可能多地花时间提高英语是必要的。 考查it作形式宾语及固定搭配。第一空，根据“We all thought…necessary for you to…”可知，此处表示我们都认为你尽可能多地花时间提高英语是必要的，应用it作形式宾语，结构为“主语+动词+it+for sb. to do sth.”，真正的宾语是动词不定式，此处也可理解为thought (过去式) 后是省略了that的宾语从句，宾语从句的句子结构是“It+is/was+for sb. to do sth.”，主句是一般过去时，故宾语从句中be动词应用was；第二空，“spend time (in) doing sth.”为固定搭配，表示“花费时间做某事”。故选D。 二、阅读理解 About 500 years ago in China, there was a famous traveller named Xu Xiake. He spent 30 years travelling across China. As a child, Xu enjoyed reading books about China’s mountains and rivers. He decided to see them when he grew up. At that time, many kids studied hard to become officials. But Xu’s father never made him take exams. Instead, he encouraged his son to explore the world. Xu began his journey (旅行) at about 20. Before he left, his mother made him a travelling hat to encourage him. Xu travelled to 21 provinces (省) and over 100 cities in China. He climbed thousands of mountains and visited over 350 caves (洞穴). He was the first person to find the peak of Huangshan Mountain. He was also the first to find lots of karst (喀斯特) caves. He found the Yangtze River’s headwater (源头). All of these were very important for the later study of geography. Xu travelled mainly on foot. He slept and ate in nature. Sometimes he met dangers like falling into rivers or running into dangerous animals. But he wasn’t afraid and enjoyed his journey. Xu kept a travelling diary. It was published (出版) only after he died. The book Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake is still liked by people today. Being a traveller and an explorer can be very exciting. But you must be brave and have skills. Do you want to be one like Xu Xiake? 1．Why did Xu decide to travel across China? A．Because he was interested in nature. B．Because he wanted to write a book. C．Because travelling could help him become an official. D．Because he had to find a new home. 2．What did Xu Xiake do during his travels? A．He discovered the Yellow River’s headwater. B．He explored many places around China. C．He became famous because of his diary. D．He taught people how to protect nature. 3．What does the underlined word “these” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Travelers. B．Places. C．Xu’s findings. D．The caves only. 4．What can we learn from Xu Xiake’s experience? A．If a man travels far, he will know more. B．The future starts today, not tomorrow. C．Every journey has its end. D．Old habits die hard 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．A World-Famous Diary B．The Trip to the Big Mountains C．A Cool Chinese Traveller D．How to Write a Travel Diary 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了中国明朝时期著名的旅行家徐霞客的生平事迹以及他的旅行经历和成就。 1．根据第二段中的“As a child, Xu enjoyed reading books about China’s mountains and rivers. He decided to see them when he grew up.”可知，徐霞客从小就喜欢阅读关于中国山川的书籍，因此他决定长大后要去亲眼看看这些自然景观，说明他对自然感兴趣。选项A“因为他对自然感兴趣”符合题意。 2．根据第三段中的“Xu travelled to 21 provinces and over 100 cities in China. He climbed thousands of mountains and visited over 350 caves.”可知，徐霞客在旅行过程中探索了中国许多地方，包括多个省份和城市，攀登了数千座山，参观了超过350个洞穴。选项B“他探索了中国许多地方”符合题意。 3．根据第三段中的“He was also the first to find lots of karst (喀斯特) caves. He found the Yangtze River’s headwater (源头). All of these were very important for the later study of geography.”可知，徐霞客有许多发现，包括黄山峰顶、许多喀斯特洞穴以及长江的源头，这些发现对后来的地理学研究非常重要。因此，“these”指代的是徐霞客的这些发现。 4．全文讲述徐霞客通过30年的旅行探索，发现了许多重要的地理特征，为后来的地理学研究做出了贡献。这表明通过广泛的旅行和探索，人们可以获得更多的知识和经验，即“行万里路”能增长见识。 5．文章主要介绍了中国著名旅行家徐霞客的生平、旅行经历及成就。C项“一位很酷的中国旅行家”最能概括文章关于徐霞客这位旅行家的主旨。 Saihanba is China’s largest forest. It lies in the south of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (内蒙古自治区). Saihanba means “beautiful and high mountains”. Around the 10th century, the rulers of the Liao Dynasty (916—1125) made it a royal (皇家的) hunting place because it was home to beautiful forests, green grasslands, clear lakes and different kinds of wild animals. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911) liked Saihanba so much that he made hunting there a royal festival. The royal festival finally stopped in 1860 because of no money and it had to be open to the public. After that, the cutting down of trees and wild fires changed green Saihanba into gray deserts. By the 1950s, the beauty of Saihanba had completely disappeared with only one tree left. The tree is now famous as “the Tree of Honor”. On seeing the tree, Chinese scientists made up their minds and dreamt of restoring Saihanba. In February, 1962, the plans were made and more than 120 foresters joined 242 local people in Saihanba to begin rebuilding it. Over the next 55 years, those first tree-planters fought against many difficulties to continue planting trees. After their death, their children and relatives followed their footsteps and went on with their hard work of planting trees. Today, the scientists’ dream has come true and beautiful grassland and flowers appear again around the tree of honor. Chinese people successfully changed Saihanba in the past half-century. 1．What’s the right order of events (事件) given in Paragraph 2? ①Saihanba became a royal hunting place. ②Saihanba was a desert and disappeared. ③Saihanba wasn’t closed to the public any more. ④Saihanba turned into the place for royal hunting festivals. A．①③②④ B．①③④② C．①④③② D．①④②③ 2．What does the underlined word “restoring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Looking around. B．Bringing back. C．Arriving at. D．Travelling to. 3．According to Paragraph 4, how does the writer feel about Chinese people? A．Proud. B．Worried. C．Cheerful. D．Nervous. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (Paragraph 1—Paragraph 4) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title of this passage? A．Saihanba: Past and Present B．The Largest Forest in China C．The Disappearing Saihanba D．The Tree of Honor in Saihanba 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国最大的森林塞罕坝的历史变迁，从辽金时期的皇家猎场，到因过度砍伐变为荒漠，再到通过几代人的努力重新变回绿洲的故事。 1．根据第二段中的“Around the 10th century, the rulers of the Liao Dynasty (916—1125) made it a royal (皇家的) hunting place...Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911) liked Saihanba so much that he made hunting there a royal festival. The royal festival finally stopped in 1860 because of no money and it had to be open to the public...By the 1950s, the beauty of Saihanba had completely disappeared with only one tree left.”可知，事件顺序为：塞罕坝成为皇家猎场→成为皇家狩猎活动场所→不再对公众封闭→塞罕坝变为荒漠。因此正确顺序为①④③②。 2．第三段提到“On seeing the tree, Chinese scientists made up their minds and dreamt of restoring Saihanba.”以及第四段提到“Today, the scientists’ dream has come true and beautiful grassland and flowers appear again around the tree of honor.”，这说明科学家看到“功勋树”后，梦想让塞罕坝恢复往日的样子，且最终梦想实现，美丽的草原和花朵再次出现。“restoring”应意为“恢复、使回归”，与“Bringing back”含义相近。 3．根据第四段“Today, the scientists’ dream has come true and beautiful grassland and flowers appear again around the tree of honor. Chinese people successfully changed Saihanba in the past half-century.”可知，作者描述了科学家的梦想成真，塞罕坝重现美丽景象，还强调中国人在过去半个世纪成功改变了塞罕坝。字里行间透露出对中国人这一成就的自豪之情。 4．文章第一段介绍塞罕坝的基本背景；第二、三段围绕塞罕坝的“历史衰败”与“生态修复启动”展开；第四段讲述重建后的成果。文章是总分总结构，对应选项C的结构。 5．文章介绍了塞罕坝从古代森林到荒漠，再到恢复为绿洲的完整历程，涵盖了它的过去与现在，因此最佳标题是A选项“Saihanba: Past and Present”。 The graphics (图表) show the weather report for City G today and the following six days. 1．What’s the date today in City G? A．It’s 13th May. B．It’s 14th May. C．It’s 15th May. D．It’s 16th May. 2．What's the temperature at 10:00 am today in City G? A．It’s 21℃. B．It’s 23℃. C．It’s 25℃. D．It’s 24℃. 3．Henry is in City G today. What will most probably happen to him according to the graphics? A．He will wash his car. B．He will catch a cold. C．He will ride fast on the road. D．He will wear a coat. 4．What will the weather be like on Wednesday in City G? A．It will be rainy. B．It will be sunny. C．It will be cloudy. D．It will be windy. 5．According to the weather report, the highest temperature of this week will be on ________. A．Sunday B．Saturday C．Friday D．Thursday 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了G城5月13日至19日一周的天气预报，包括每日气温、天气状况及生活指数。 1．图表左上角“13th May, 2026”表明G城今天的日期是5月13日。 2．图表中今日温度曲线图显示，10:00 A.M.对应温度为23℃。 3．今日生活指数中“What to wear”为“Coats”，“Cold risk”为“Low”，说明今天天气较凉，穿外套是合理的预测。 4．图表中“Wednesday”对应的天气图标为太阳，即sunny。 5．图表中17日（Friday）最高温度为31℃，为本周最高。 三、任务型阅读 The weather is different in different seasons. Each season has its own special weather and activities. Spring is warm and rainy. The flowers bloom, and the trees turn green. People like to go hiking, have picnics, and fly kites in spring. It’s a great time to enjoy nature. Summer is hot and sunny. The temperature is high, and people often go swimming, go to the beach, or eat ice cream. Some people also like to travel to cool places during summer vacation. Autumn is cool and windy. The leaves turn red and yellow, and fall from the trees. People like to pick apples, climb mountains, and have barbecues. It’s a harvest season. Winter is cold and snowy. Some places have heavy snow, and people can build snowmen, go sledding, or ski. People also like to stay at home and drink hot chocolate. 1．What’s the weather like in spring? . 2．What do people like to do in summer? . 3．Is autumn a harvest season? . 4．What can people do in winter if there is heavy snow? . 5．Do you like winter? Why or why not? . 【答案】1．It’s warm and rainy. 2．They like to go swimming, go to the beach, eat ice cream or travel to cool places. 3．Yes, it is. 4．They can build snowmen, go sledding or ski. 5．示例：Yes, I do. Because I can build snowmen and go skiing with my friends. 【导语】本文按春夏秋冬四个季节分别介绍了各季节的天气特点以及人们喜欢的活动，属于典型的说明文结构，每段对应一个季节，信息分布清晰。 1．第二段首句直接说明春天的天气：“Spring is warm and rainy.”，答案为原文原词提取。 2．第三段列举了夏天人们喜欢做的事：“go swimming, go to the beach, or eat ice cream. Some people also like to travel to cool places”，需将多项活动整合成完整句子，注意人称从原文的people转换为they。 3．第四段末句明确指出：“It’s a harvest season.”，属于原文直接信息，用Yes, it is. 作答即可。 4．第五段指出冬天大雪时人们可以做的事：“people can build snowmen, go sledding, or ski”，提取原文关键动词短语即可。 5．开放题，答案不唯一。需先表明态度（喜欢/不喜欢），再结合文中提到的冬季活动（堆雪人、滑雪、喝热巧克力等）给出合理理由。示例答案结合了build snowmen和go skiing两项活动，逻辑通顺，符合要求。 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每个题目的答案不超过5个单词。 Kong Fuzi is known in the west as Confucius. Confucius was born into a noble (贵族的) family around 551 BC． But his family became poor later. When he was about 15, he began to love learning. In those days, only the upper class and royal members (王室成员) had the chance to learn. It was hard for him to find a way to learn. To solve this, he went to work for a nobleman. Confucius studied hard and became a learned man. He probably was the most learned man of his day. People heard of his knowledge and sent their sons to study under him. He was the first teacher in China. Confucius taught anyone who was thirsty for (渴求) knowledge. Confucius taught many ideas about study to his students over 2,500 years ago. People today still study them. Today, people celebrate the birthday of Confucius to show respect for him, the great teacher. 1．When did Confucius begin to love learning? 2．How did Confucius find a way to learn? 3．Why did people send their sons to Confucius? 4．What do people today still study from Confucius? 5．What do you think of Confucius from the passage? 【答案】1．When he was about 15. 2．He worked for a nobleman. 3．Because of his knowledge. 4．His ideas about study. 5．He is a great teacher. 【导语】本文介绍了孔子的生平、学习经历、教学理念，以及他对后世的影响。 1．根据“When he was about 15, he began to love learning.”可知，孔子在大约15岁时开始热爱学习，故填When he was about 15. 2．根据“To solve this, he went to work for a nobleman.”可知，孔子为贵族工作，找到了学习的途径，故填He worked for a nobleman. 3．根据“People heard of his knowledge and sent their sons to study under him.”可知，人们因听闻孔子的学识而送儿子去求学，故填Because of his knowledge. 4．根据“Confucius taught many ideas about study…People today still study them.”可知，如今人们仍学习孔子关于学习的理念，故填His ideas about study. 5．开放性试题，言之有理即可。根据“the most learned man of his day”“the great teacher”可知，孔子是一位伟大的学者和教师，故填He is a great teacher. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 情态动词和it的用法 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学，以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识，重构整合形成体系 脉络重构：快速扫描高频考点，定位薄区 典例破题：精选例题，呈现思路点拨+规范解答+方法提炼 巩固提升：趁热打铁练一练，强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练，梯度设题；查漏补缺，闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 情态动词 ① can/could/may/should/must：能力、许可、建议、强制； ② 情态动词表推测；mustn’t 与 don’t have to 辨析； ③ Could 委婉请求问答规则；情态动词后接动词原形。 以单选为主，依托日常对话语境辨析语气；推测类题型为高频热点；易混淆词义、特殊问答是高频失分点，不单独考词义，侧重情景综合运用。 it 的用法 ① 指代单数事物、不明身份人物、天气 / 时间 / 距离； ② it 作形式主语、形式宾语；It takes sb. time to do 固定句型。 单选、完形、写作均会考查；核心区分形式主 / 宾语结构与代词指代；学生常漏写形式宾语 it、混淆指代对象，是书面表达关键得分点。 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 知识点一 情态动词 语法核心 核心情态动词（can、could、may、should、must），均为初中高频考点，侧重语气差异、用法辨析及句式搭配，无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形 情态动词1：can 核心用法： 1. 表示“能、会”（表能力）； 2. 表示“可以”（表许可）； 3. 表示“可能”（表推测，用于肯定句/否定句，可能性中等） 句式变化：否定式：can’t（=can not）；疑问式：Can+主语+动词原形？ 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. I can swim.（我会游泳。） 2. Can I use your pen?（我可以用你的钢笔吗？） 3. He can’t be at home.（他不可能在家。） 易错点：不可说“can to do”，后接动词原形；表推测时，can’t译为“不可能”，而非“不能” 情态动词2：could 核心用法： 1. can的过去式（表过去的能力、许可）； 2. 表委婉请求/建议（比can更礼貌）； 3. 表推测（可能性比can低，用于肯定句/否定句） 句式变化：否定式：couldn’t；疑问式：Could+主语+动词原形？ 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. He could swim when he was 5.（他5岁时就会游泳了。） 2. Could you help me?（你能帮我一下吗？） 3. It could rain this afternoon.（今天下午可能会下雨。） 易错点：could表委婉请求时，回答用can（不用could），如“Could you...? Yes, I can.” 情态动词3：may 核心用法： 1. 表示“可以”（表许可，比can更正式）； 2. 表示“可能”（表推测，用于肯定句/否定句，可能性比can低）； 3. 表委婉请求（常用May I...?） 句式变化：否定式：may not（不可缩写为mayn’t）；疑问式：May+主语+动词原形？ 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. May I go out?（我可以出去吗？） 2. It may be a cat.（它可能是一只猫。） 3. You may not play here.（你不可以在这里玩。） 易错点：may表推测时，一般不用于疑问句；否定式may not译为“可能不”，而非“不可以” 情态动词4：should 核心用法： 1. 表示“应该”（表建议、义务，语气委婉）； 2. 表示“竟然”（表意外，初中少见，了解即可） 句式变化：否定式：shouldn’t（=should not）；疑问式：Should+主语+动词原形？ 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. You should study hard.（你应该努力学习。） 2. Should I finish my homework first?（我应该先完成作业吗？） 3. He shouldn’t be late.（他不应该迟到。） 易错点：should表建议，语气比must弱，不表示强制要求 情态动词5：must 核心用法： 1. 表示“必须”（表强制义务，语气最强）； 2. 表示“一定”（表推测，可能性最高，仅用于肯定句） 句式变化：否定式：mustn’t（=must not，译为“禁止、不允许”）；疑问式：Must+主语+动词原形？ 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. You must finish your homework on time.（你必须按时完成作业。） 2. He must be ill.（他一定是生病了。） 3. You mustn’t cross the road now.（你现在禁止过马路。） 易错点：mustn’t≠don’t have to（前者“禁止”，后者“不必”）；must表推测时，否定句用can’t（不用mustn’t） 高频易错汇总 1. 所有情态动词后均接动词原形，不可加to； 2. could表委婉请求，回答用can； 3. mustn’t表“禁止”，don’t have to表“不必”，不可混淆； 4. 表推测：must（肯定，可能性最高）>can/could（中等）>may（最低）；5. may的否定式是may not，不可缩写为mayn’t 【典例破题】 —________ I play basketball after school, Mum? —Of course you can. But remember to get home for dinner at 6:00 p.m. A．Need B．Should C．Could D．Must 【巩固提升1】 They’d better ________ the restaurant to book a table in advance. A．call B．to call C．calling D．to calling 【巩固提升2】 He ________ more flowers, and he shouldn’t cut any flowers. A．shouldn’t plant B．should plants C．shouldn’t planting D．should plant 【巩固提升3】 —It’s windy now but it ________ rain later. —Yes. No one can tell the weather accurately. A．may B．need C．should D．must 知识点二 it的用法 语法核心 it（代词），初中阶段核心用法分为4类，均为高频考点，侧重区分指代功能与固定句型 用法分类1：指代前文提到的单数名词 核心说明：指代前文出现过的单数可数名词或不可数名词（避免重复），指代单数人时需结合语境（多指代婴儿、未知性别者） 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. This is a pen. It is red.（这是一支钢笔，它是红色的。） 2. The baby is crying. It is hungry.（那个婴儿在哭，它饿了。） 易错点：不可用it指代前文的复数名词（复数需用they/them） 用法分类2：指代天气、时间、距离 核心说明：作形式主语，无实际意义，仅用于指代天气、时间、距离等抽象概念，固定搭配高频出现 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. It is sunny today.（今天天气晴朗。） 2. It is 7 o’clock now.（现在是7点钟。） 3. It is two kilometers from my home to school.（从我家到学校有两公里。） 易错点：此类用法中，it不可省略，不能说“Is sunny today” 用法分类3：作形式主语 核心说明：替代后面的不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）或从句，使句子结构更均衡，避免头重脚轻 固定句型：It is+形容词/名词+to do sth.（做某事是……的）；It is+形容词+that从句 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. It is easy to learn English.（学英语很容易。） 2. It is important that we study hard.（我们努力学习很重要。） 易错点：不可把真正的主语（不定式/从句）放在句首，避免句子冗长 用法分类4：作形式宾语 核心说明：替代宾语从句或不定式，放在谓语动词后，真正的宾语放在句末，常见于find、think、feel等动词后 固定句型：主语+find/think/feel+it+形容词+to do sth./that从句 经典例句（含翻译）： 1. I find it interesting to watch TV.（我发现看电视很有趣。） 2. She thinks it necessary that we practice speaking.（她认为我们练习口语是必要的。） 易错点：不可省略it，不能说“I find interesting to watch TV” 高频易错汇总 1. it只能指代单数名词/不可数名词，复数需用they/them； 2. 指代天气、时间、距离时，it不可省略； 3. 形式主语/形式宾语中，it不可省略，真正的主语/宾语放句末； 4. 不指代前文的人（除婴儿、未知性别者外） 【典例破题】 Millie found ________ to see the colourful Danxia landform in Zhangye, Gansu Province. A．it amazed B．it’s amazing C．it’s amazed D．it amazing 【巩固提升1】 It’s not easy for people to ________ in this cold area. A．surviving B．are surviving C．to survive D．survive 【巩固提升2】 It ________ my father one hour ________ to his office every day. A．spends; driving B．takes; to drive C．spends; to drive D．takes; driving 【巩固提升3】 —Who’s that knocking on the door? —I don’t know. Maybe ________ is Jim. A．he B．him C．it D．that 一、单项选择 1．I found ________ impossible to solve the problem without his help. A．its B．the C．it D．that 2．The twins look the same, even their father finds ________ difficult to tell them from each other. A．that B．this C．it D．those 3．_______ is hard to walk in the street when the weather is wet. A．They B．This C．It D．That 4．________ is very honest of you ________ the money you found on the playground. A．That; to return B．This; returning C．It; to return D．It; returning 5．________ difficult for the little plants ________ to the new pots at first. A．It’s; adapt B．It’s; to adapt C．That’s; adapt D．That’s; to adapt 6．I think ________ is important to read the instructions before buying something. A．this B．that C．it D．which 7．—I’m planning to go to Sanya this winter holiday. How’s the weather there? —Not so hot. Sometimes _________ is very cool. A．this B．that C．one D．it 8．—Look at the watch. ________ 7 o’clock now. —Let’s go to school. A．It B．They C．It’s D．They’re 9．—_______ is the weather in Beijing? —_______ warm and sunny. A．What; It’s B．How; It’s C．How; It D．What; It 10．—Dad, someone is knocking at the door. —Go and see who ________ is. I am busy now. A．him B．she C．it D．this 11．—Who ________ your English teacher, Tom? —________ Miss Green. A．is; It’s B．are; It’s C．is; He is D．are; Its 12．Linda, there is somebody knocking at the door. Go and see who ________ is. A．he B．she C．it D．this 13．—Someone is knocking on the door. —________ must be Jim. He is here to give back my bike. A．He B．This C．It D．They 14．—Which “could” is used to show politeness?  —“________ ” is. A．He could not shout at you. B．They could do it well in the past. C．I could give a seat to someone in need. D．Could you play with the dog for a short while? 15．—Who ________ it be knocking at the door? —It ________ be Grandpa. He told me he was coming just now. A．must; must B．can; must C．may; can’t D．may; mustn’t 16．—Dick, ________ I use your dictionary? —Yes, sure. ________ you give it to David after you use it? A．will; Would B．may; Might C．can; Could D．shall; Should 17．How ________ a large crowd of students are shouting next door! They ________ win the match. A．exciting; must B．excitingly; may C．excited; may D．excitedly; must 18．I want to join the ________ club because I can ________ well. A．swims; swim B．swimming; swim C．swim; swims D．swimming; swims 19．—Can you play the guitar? —________. But I can play the piano. A．Yes, I can. B．No, I can’t. C．No, they can’t. D．Yes, they can. 20．It ________ rain this afternoon. You’d better take an umbrella. A．may B．must C．need D．should 21．— Must we finish all exercises today? — Yes, you ________. A．must B．need C．can D．may 22．The Cheshire Cat could ________ and disappear suddenly. A．appear B．appears C．appearing D．to appear 23．We should ________ with our classmates. A．cooperate B．cooperation C．cooperating D．to cooperate 24．It’s raining heavily outside, so we ________ stay at home. A．have to B．can C．may D．mustn’t 25．—________ I finish my homework now, Mum? — No, you ________. You can do it after dinner. A．Must; mustn’t B．May; needn’t C．Must; needn’t D．Can; can’t 26．— Mum, I want to eat a hamburger for lunch. ________ you please buy one for me? — No way! You ________ eat more vegetables instead of junk food. A．Could; should B．Should; must C．Must; should D．Could; mustn’t 27．It’s cold outside. You should ________ your coat. A．wear B．wears C．wearing D．wore 28．She can ________ English very well. A．speak B．speaks C．speaking D．to speak 29．Scientists made ________ possible to use robots to clean the rooms. A．it is B．that it C．it D．it’s 30．We all thought ________ necessary for you to spend as much time as you could ________ English. A．that; improving B．it is; to improve C．it; improve D．it was; improving 二、阅读理解 About 500 years ago in China, there was a famous traveller named Xu Xiake. He spent 30 years travelling across China. As a child, Xu enjoyed reading books about China’s mountains and rivers. He decided to see them when he grew up. At that time, many kids studied hard to become officials. But Xu’s father never made him take exams. Instead, he encouraged his son to explore the world. Xu began his journey (旅行) at about 20. Before he left, his mother made him a travelling hat to encourage him. Xu travelled to 21 provinces (省) and over 100 cities in China. He climbed thousands of mountains and visited over 350 caves (洞穴). He was the first person to find the peak of Huangshan Mountain. He was also the first to find lots of karst (喀斯特) caves. He found the Yangtze River’s headwater (源头). All of these were very important for the later study of geography. Xu travelled mainly on foot. He slept and ate in nature. Sometimes he met dangers like falling into rivers or running into dangerous animals. But he wasn’t afraid and enjoyed his journey. Xu kept a travelling diary. It was published (出版) only after he died. The book Travel Diaries of Xu Xiake is still liked by people today. Being a traveller and an explorer can be very exciting. But you must be brave and have skills. Do you want to be one like Xu Xiake? 1．Why did Xu decide to travel across China? A．Because he was interested in nature. B．Because he wanted to write a book. C．Because travelling could help him become an official. D．Because he had to find a new home. 2．What did Xu Xiake do during his travels? A．He discovered the Yellow River’s headwater. B．He explored many places around China. C．He became famous because of his diary. D．He taught people how to protect nature. 3．What does the underlined word “these” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Travelers. B．Places. C．Xu’s findings. D．The caves only. 4．What can we learn from Xu Xiake’s experience? A．If a man travels far, he will know more. B．The future starts today, not tomorrow. C．Every journey has its end. D．Old habits die hard 5．What is the best title for this passage? A．A World-Famous Diary B．The Trip to the Big Mountains C．A Cool Chinese Traveller D．How to Write a Travel Diary Saihanba is China’s largest forest. It lies in the south of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (内蒙古自治区). Saihanba means “beautiful and high mountains”. Around the 10th century, the rulers of the Liao Dynasty (916—1125) made it a royal (皇家的) hunting place because it was home to beautiful forests, green grasslands, clear lakes and different kinds of wild animals. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty (1644—1911) liked Saihanba so much that he made hunting there a royal festival. The royal festival finally stopped in 1860 because of no money and it had to be open to the public. After that, the cutting down of trees and wild fires changed green Saihanba into gray deserts. By the 1950s, the beauty of Saihanba had completely disappeared with only one tree left. The tree is now famous as “the Tree of Honor”. On seeing the tree, Chinese scientists made up their minds and dreamt of restoring Saihanba. In February, 1962, the plans were made and more than 120 foresters joined 242 local people in Saihanba to begin rebuilding it. Over the next 55 years, those first tree-planters fought against many difficulties to continue planting trees. After their death, their children and relatives followed their footsteps and went on with their hard work of planting trees. Today, the scientists’ dream has come true and beautiful grassland and flowers appear again around the tree of honor. Chinese people successfully changed Saihanba in the past half-century. 1．What’s the right order of events (事件) given in Paragraph 2? ①Saihanba became a royal hunting place. ②Saihanba was a desert and disappeared. ③Saihanba wasn’t closed to the public any more. ④Saihanba turned into the place for royal hunting festivals. A．①③②④ B．①③④② C．①④③② D．①④②③ 2．What does the underlined word “restoring” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Looking around. B．Bringing back. C．Arriving at. D．Travelling to. 3．According to Paragraph 4, how does the writer feel about Chinese people? A．Proud. B．Worried. C．Cheerful. D．Nervous. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? (Paragraph 1—Paragraph 4) A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title of this passage? A．Saihanba: Past and Present B．The Largest Forest in China C．The Disappearing Saihanba D．The Tree of Honor in Saihanba The graphics (图表) show the weather report for City G today and the following six days. 1．What’s the date today in City G? A．It’s 13th May. B．It’s 14th May. C．It’s 15th May. D．It’s 16th May. 2．What's the temperature at 10:00 am today in City G? A．It’s 21℃. B．It’s 23℃. C．It’s 25℃. D．It’s 24℃. 3．Henry is in City G today. What will most probably happen to him according to the graphics? A．He will wash his car. B．He will catch a cold. C．He will ride fast on the road. D．He will wear a coat. 4．What will the weather be like on Wednesday in City G? A．It will be rainy. B．It will be sunny. C．It will be cloudy. D．It will be windy. 5．According to the weather report, the highest temperature of this week will be on ________. A．Sunday B．Saturday C．Friday D．Thursday 三、任务型阅读 The weather is different in different seasons. Each season has its own special weather and activities. Spring is warm and rainy. The flowers bloom, and the trees turn green. People like to go hiking, have picnics, and fly kites in spring. It’s a great time to enjoy nature. Summer is hot and sunny. The temperature is high, and people often go swimming, go to the beach, or eat ice cream. Some people also like to travel to cool places during summer vacation. Autumn is cool and windy. The leaves turn red and yellow, and fall from the trees. People like to pick apples, climb mountains, and have barbecues. It’s a harvest season. Winter is cold and snowy. Some places have heavy snow, and people can build snowmen, go sledding, or ski. People also like to stay at home and drink hot chocolate. 1．What’s the weather like in spring? . 2．What do people like to do in summer? . 3．Is autumn a harvest season? . 4．What can people do in winter if there is heavy snow? . 5．Do you like winter? Why or why not? . 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题，每个题目的答案不超过5个单词。 Kong Fuzi is known in the west as Confucius. Confucius was born into a noble (贵族的) family around 551 BC． But his family became poor later. When he was about 15, he began to love learning. In those days, only the upper class and royal members (王室成员) had the chance to learn. It was hard for him to find a way to learn. To solve this, he went to work for a nobleman. Confucius studied hard and became a learned man. He probably was the most learned man of his day. People heard of his knowledge and sent their sons to study under him. He was the first teacher in China. Confucius taught anyone who was thirsty for (渴求) knowledge. Confucius taught many ideas about study to his students over 2,500 years ago. People today still study them. Today, people celebrate the birthday of Confucius to show respect for him, the great teacher. 1．When did Confucius begin to love learning? 2．How did Confucius find a way to learn? 3．Why did people send their sons to Confucius? 4．What do people today still study from Confucius? 5．What do you think of Confucius from the passage? 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $