期末培优测试卷（南京专用）-2025-2026学年八年级下册英语译林版

**基本信息** 以真实情境与科技环保主题为载体，融合语言能力培养与思维品质提升，适配八年级期末综合测评需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |单项选择|15题/15分|现在完成时、被动语态等语法及sign up等动词短语|结合观看球赛、报名课程等日常情境，考查语言运用能力| |完形填空|1篇/10分|上下文理解与词汇辨析|通过支教故事中志愿者与学生的互动，渗透人文关怀，培养同理心| |阅读理解|4篇/40分|海洋能源、智能森林等科技环保主题的细节理解与推理|以青少年创新治理水华、海滩垃圾变艺术品等素材，提升信息获取与批判性思维| |书面表达|1篇/25分|植物对人类、动物、环境重要性的论述|围绕自然保护主题，要求结构清晰表达，强化语言组织与环保意识|

2026学年译林版八年级下学期期末模拟卷(南京专用) 注意事项 1. 全卷满分120分。考试时间120分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效。 2. 请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符，再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3. 答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置，在其他位置答题一律无效 。 一、单项选择（15分） 1．—Let’s turn on the TV and watch the football match of the Jiangsu Football City League. —It’s too late. It ________ for half an hour. And the result is 1-0. Nantong won! A．has begun B．has finished C．has been on D．has been over 2．Fresh vegetables ________ every day at the market and they are quite popular. A．provide B．will provide C．are provided D．will be provided 3．Kitty decided to ________ for an English-speaking course to improve her pronunciation. A．cheer up B．get up C．stay up D．sign up 4．When you ________ leave after a meal, remember to say “thank you” to the host. A．are sorry to B．are able to C．have to D．are about to 5．Mr. Green ________ in our school for five years, and he ________ here in 2018. A．has worked; came B．worked; came C．has worked; has come D．worked; has come 6．Could you please remind me ______ my favourite book to school tomorrow? A．take B．to take C．taking D．takes 7．—I don’t know ________ when we are in trouble at school. — Our teachers and friends are always the first choice. A．how can I face them B．who to talk about C．who to ask for help D．what I can do 8．—________ times have you ________ Xiamen? —Four times. It’s a beautiful city. A．How many; gone to B．How many; been to C．How long; been in D．How often; been to 9．—Mum, can I help you with the cleaning? —Thank you, dear. But you are ________ now. You must wait till you are ________. A．too young; too old B．too young; old enough C．so young; enough old D．too young; enough old 10．Simon, hurry up! The movie ________ for five minutes. A．has started B．has been on C．has finished D．has been over 11．The Paralympic Games give athletes with ______ a chance to show their abilities. A．disability B．disabilities C．disabled D．able 12．I argued with my friend. I don’t know ________. Can you give me some ________? A．what to do; advice B．what to do; advices C．how to do; advice D．how to do; advices 13．—________ the sports meeting ________ next Friday? —Yes, it is. Everything is ready now. A．Will; hold B．Is; going to hold C．Will; be held D．Is; going to be held 14．Everyone can ________ to protect the environment. A．make a difference B．make a wish C．make a face D．make a notice 15．Jack is one of the best ________ in his class who ________ by his teacher many times in public. A．student; was praised B．students; are praised C．student; are praised D．students; was praised 二、完形填空, 阅读下面材料，根据材料内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。（10分） Light rain continued to fall as I arrived at the mountain village. With a heavy bag on my back, I was excited to teach at a small school here, but a little 16 . What would these students be like? The school had only 18 students. Most were quiet, 17 they ran and laughed at break. One girl, Wen, always sat alone in the corner, seldom saying anything. On my first day in the classroom, I shared with them a 18 with the words “You are seen” on it and put it up on the wall. Some smiled shyly and some spoke quietly. “That’s why I’m here,” I said. However, Wen didn’t 19 . She was just drawing circles on the desk with her finger. Days passed quickly. The lessons were 20 planned. The children were kind. But my effort seemed to make little difference. I was not sure if I was doing anything 21 . One night, a heavy storm caused a power cut, leaving the classroom in darkness. As everyone was frozen, a soft light appeared. It was Wen who was holding a 22 in her hand. “We can still read,” she said in a low voice. That was the first time I heard her voice. The next day, she sat 23 to her classmates. In the following days, she began to talk more. In my last class, she came up and gave me the lantern. “So you will always have some 24 ,” she smiled gently. I came to give light, but found it was quietly 25 . Volunteering isn’t always loud or big. Sometimes, it’s a quiet lantern—shared between the two, and shining in both directions. 16．A．bored B．relaxed C．worried D．surprised 17．A．though B．so C．since D．when 18．A．dictionary B．poster C．book D．timetable 19．A．stand up B．give up C．wake up D．look up 20．A．slowly B．carefully C．directly D．finally 21．A．simple B．interesting C．popular D．meaningful 22．A．book B．lantern C．candle D．lamp 23．A．farther B．lower C．closer D．longer 24．A．fun B．time C．light D．hope 25．A.returned B．collected C．connected D．Accepted 三、阅读理解（40分） A A Boy’s Experience in a Sandstorm Last spring, I visited my grandparents who live in a northern village. I never knew sandstorms could be so terrible until that afternoon. I was helping Grandpa plant young trees in the field when the sky turned yellow in just ten minutes. Grandpa looked up and shouted, “Quick! Run back home, a big sandstorm is coming!” We dropped our tools and ran as fast as we could. Strong wind blew sand into my eyes, and I could barely see the road in front of me. When we got inside the house, Grandpa locked all windows and covered the doors with thick cloth. The wind hit the walls loudly, like thousands of stones knocking outside. Fine sand went through small gaps and covered the table, chairs and floor in a thin yellow layer. Grandma took out wet towels and told us to cover our noses and mouths, so we would not breathe in sand dust. The storm lasted for nearly two hours. After the wind stopped, we walked outside to check the village. Many small trees we planted were blown over. Some farmers’ vegetable fields were covered with sand. The street was full of fallen branches and plastic rubbish. Grandpa told me that sandstorms used to happen many times every year when he was young. Now the village plants lots of trees on the hills around the area. Trees can hold soil and stop wind from carrying sand. The number of sandstorms has become much smaller in recent years. That night, I wrote down everything I saw in my diary. I learned that human activities change nature, and we can also protect nature by planting more green plants. If everyone takes action, natural disasters like sandstorms will become less frequent. 26．Where did the story take place? A．A southern seaside town. B．A northern village. C．A big mountain city. D．A western rainforest. 27．What was the writer doing when the sandstorm came? A．Watering flowers in the garden. B．Planting trees with Grandpa. C．Reading books in the house. D．Collecting stones in the field. 28．Why did Grandma give them wet towels? A．To clean dirty faces after work. B．To keep their hands warm. C．To stop them breathing sand dust. D．To wipe the sand off furniture. 29．What helps cut down sandstorms in the village? A．Building tall walls around fields. B．Planting plenty of trees on hills. C．Covering land with plastic cloth. D．Digging deep holes to hold sand. 30．What lesson did the writer get from the sandstorm? A．Sandstorms only happen in spring. B．People can protect nature with small actions. C．Old villages have no ways to fight sand. D．Wind is the most powerful force of nature. B The Amazing Power of Ocean Energy When we learned Unit 11, we talked about clean new energy from nature. Wind power and solar power are widely known, but ocean energy is a less famous yet promising resource. The ocean covers over seventy percent of Earth’s surface, and it carries huge energy in its waves, tides and temperature differences. If we make good use of ocean energy, it can solve the world’s energy shortage problem without polluting the air. Tidal power is the most developed ocean energy so far. Tides rise and fall twice every day because of the gravity from the moon and sun. People build special dams across river mouths connected to the sea. When the tide rises, water fills the pool behind the dam; when the tide falls, water flows back to the sea through tunnels. The fast-flowing water pushes large turbines, and the turbines create electricity. Tidal power stations can work every day, and they do not produce any waste gas. The biggest tidal power station in the world is in France, and China also built several small tidal power stations along its eastern coast. Wave power uses the up-and-down movement of seawater waves. Machines floating on the sea catch wave energy and turn it into electric power. Unlike solar power that only works in daytime and wind power that depends on windy weather, waves exist all year round. Even on quiet days, small waves can provide stable energy. However, wave power machines face big challenges: seawater is salty and will break metal parts easily, and strong storms may destroy the floating equipment. Scientists are now developing anti-rust materials to fix this problem. Ocean thermal energy makes use of temperature gaps. The surface seawater is warm under the sun, while deep seawater thousands of meters below stays cold all the time. Special machines collect warm surface water to make liquid evaporate. The vapor pushes generators to produce electricity, then cold deep water cools the vapor back into liquid for repeated use. This kind of energy does not create noise pollution, but building related machines costs a lot of money. Compared with coal and oil, ocean energy is renewable. Coal and oil take millions of years to form, but waves and tides will never disappear as long as the ocean exists. Burning fossil fuels creates carbon dioxide that warms the earth, while ocean energy production has almost no carbon emission. Still, ocean energy cannot take the place of traditional energy right now. Building power stations on the sea costs much more than land power plants, and many technical problems need to be solved. But more and more countries put money into ocean energy research. In the future, natural forces from the ocean will become an important clean energy source for human beings. 31．What makes tides rise and fall every day? A．Strong sea winds. B．Gravity of the moon and sun. C．Temperature changes of seawater. D．The movement of underwater rocks. 32．What is one advantage of wave power over solar power? A．It costs less to build machines. B．It works day and night all year. C．It does not need any special equipment. D．It creates no noise at all. 33．What difficulty do wave power machines meet? A．Lack of sunlight on the sea. B．Low speed of sea waves. C．Salt seawater damages metal parts. D．Not enough space on the ocean. 34．Which word can replace the underlined word “renewable”? A．Can be reused forever. B．Hard to produce. C．Easy to transport. D．Bad for environment. 35．What can we infer from the passage? A．Tidal power will replace coal in ten years. B．Ocean energy still needs more technical improvement. C．Thermal energy stations can be built anywhere. D．Wave machines work better on stormy days. C Have you ever thought of forests as the Earth’s lungs (肺)? They take in carbon dioxide (二氧化碳) and give us the fresh oxygen (氧气) we need to live. But our green friends are at risk because the climate is changing and people are cutting down trees excessively (过度). Luckily, technology is stepping in to help! Welcome to the amazing world of “Smart Forests”, where modern technology works with nature to keep our planet safe. So, how do forests become “smart”? Imagine placing small listening tools and sensors (传感器) at the tops of the trees. These smart tools listen to the sounds of the woods day and night. If they hear the loud noise of a dangerous tool cutting down trees or the sound of a forest fire breaking out, they will send a quick alert to forest workers. They even listen to bird songs and animal calls to make sure wildlife is safe and healthy. Technology also brings some amazing flying helpers: drones (无人机)! These small flying machines fly high above the trees, taking pictures to check if forests are healthy. If drones see an empty area where trees have been cut down, the smart system will study the soil and weather to find out exactly which seeds (种子) should be planted there. Then, special drones can fly over and carefully drop seeds into the ground to grow a whole new forest. By acting as the eyes and ears of the woods, “Smart Forests” is changing the way we protect the environment. It provides a practical way to protect forests and help them recover better with the power of modern technology. 36．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The growth of seeds into healthy trees. B．The role of drones in restoring forests. C．The advantages of drones over sensors. D．The problems drones face in bad weather 37．What problems put forests in trouble? A．No listening tools or good sensors. B．Lack of technology and seed shortage. C．Forest fires and wildlife disappearance. D．Climate change and too much tree cutting. 38．What does the underlined word “alert” refer to in the text? A．A message to show love and care. B．A warning of danger or problems. C．A piece of information about the forest. D．A friendly reminder to check the weather. 39．What is the writer’s attitude towards “Smart Forests”? A．Unclear. B．Supportive. C．Negative. D．Doubtful. 40．What is the best title for the text? A．Why Forests Are Disappearing Fast? B．Drones: The Future of Flying Machines C．How Scientists Study Animals and Plants? D．Smart Forests: Technology Is Protecting Nature D When a lake turns bright green, it may look like someone has poured paint into the water. But the color is a warning. Warm weather and too many nutrients help tiny living things called cyanobacteria (蓝藻) grow very fast. This is called a harmful algal bloom (有害水华). Some blooms make poisons (毒素) that can make people and animals sick. So the problem is not just ugly water—it is also a health risk. For years, people used chemicals (化学物质) to kill the blooms. Some chemicals work fast, but they can also harm other living things. Also, when many dead microbes stay in the water, they become food for other germs (细菌). This creates a second problem. This problem caught the attention of Natalie Muro, an 18-year-old student. Her interest in water started with curiosity, partly from a TV show. She did not just write a school report. She asked a better question: Can we clean a lake in a strong but gentle way? Her answer was a floating device (设备). It slowly puts a weak hydrogen peroxide solution into the water. Hydrogen peroxide kills cyanobacteria, but then it breaks down into water and oxygen. That makes it less dangerous than many traditional treatments. Natalie also added biochar (生物炭), a material that looks like black sponge. Biochar helps collect dead microbes so they will not feed another bloom. The most interesting part is the design thinking. Natalie wanted a system that could work in the real world—with wind, waves, and changing water conditions. She tested her device in a local reservoir that had a harmful bloom. After the treatment, water samples showed fewer cyanobacteria, and other microbes were not hurt. Still, the device is not a perfect answer. Any method in nature needs careful testing. But Natalie’s work teaches us an important lesson: protecting the environment does not always need a huge machine or a lot of money. Sometimes it starts with a student who looks at a green lake and does not see only a problem. She sees a question floating there. 41．Why is a bright green lake a warning? A．Because the green color looks like paint and is ugly. B．Because it means cyanobacteria grow fast and may produce toxins. C．Because the water is too clean for fish to live. D．Because warm weather always turns lakes green. 42．What problems do chemicals cause when treating harmful algal blooms? A．They work too slowly and cost too much money. B．They kill all cyanobacteria but make the water smell bad. C．They can harm other living things and create a second problem. D．They need to be used every day and are hard to find. 43．How does Natalie’s floating device clean the lake in a “strong but gentle” way? A．It uses strong chemicals to kill everything and then removes them. B．It puts a weak hydrogen peroxide solution into the water and uses biochar to collect dead microbes. C．It heats the water to kill cyanobacteria without harming others. D．It adds more nutrients to help good bacteria grow faster. 44．What real-world factors did Natalie consider when designing her device? A．The color of the water and the number of fish. B．Wind, waves, and changing water conditions. C．The cost of electricity and the size of the lake. D．The taste of the water and the smell of the bloom. 45．What is the main idea of the passage? A．The danger of harmful algal blooms in lakes. B．A student’s creative way to clean polluted lake water. C．Different ways to use chemicals to treat water pollution. D．Daily influences of changing weather on lake water. 四、单词拼写（10分） 46．Many traditional jobs ________ (replace) by machines in ten years. 47．The ________ (wealth) man donated his money to the poor children. 48．The doctors are trying their best to prevent the disease from __________ (spread) to other patients. 49．They even cheered with _________ (excite) when reading some exciting plots. 50．Miss Lin was pleased that her students ________ (表现) well during the whole trip. 51．Mr Green succeeded in getting the job after last week’s ________ (面试). 52．We should protect the rich ________ (资源) of nature wisely. 53．Strict laws which are made by the government can ________ (控制) people’s bad environmental behaviors. 54．My grandfather is a great ________ /ɪkˈsplɔːrər/ who has traveled to over 50 countries in his life. 55．The ancient ________ /hɪˈstɔːrɪkəl/ sites in this city attract millions of tourists every year. 五、短文填空（10分） When most cities shine brightly at night, Shenzhen has chosen to turn off its lights for migratory birds (候鸟). This decision is widely p56．. Recently, some visitors noticed that Shenzhen Bay Park was dark at night. Shenzhen Bay lies on an important bird migration route (路线). Every winter, thousands of migratory birds s57． here during their long journeys. Too much light can disrupt (扰乱) their natural habits or even scare them away. To care for these lovely g58． from the north, the park turns off lights. This does not mean the park is completely d59．. To keep people safe, basic lighting remains in key areas such as main entrances, crossroads, and important walkways. This balanced action shows a wise and t60． way to run a city. As early as 2023, Shenzhen introduced rules to control light p61．. For example, in the area around the mangroves (红树林), cold blue-white lights have been replaced (替换) with w62． yellow ones that disturb birds less. Thanks to these efforts, the number of bird species in Shenzhen’s mangrove parks has r63． from 83 to 220 over the past few years. What makes this story special is the voice of the public. Many people agree that making space for nature is the right c64．. This shows a growing awareness (意识) that a truly livable city is not just bright and busy, but also peaceful and balanced. Shenzhen is not a65．. Other cities like Beijing and Chengdu have also taken steps to cut down light pollution during migration seasons. In the end, turning off lights for birds is not just about protecting animals—it proves that a city can be modern and eco-friendly at the same time. 六、任务型阅读（10分） In January, some special artworks were shown at the Lillian M. Jacobs School in Hull, Massachusetts. The sculptures are made entirely of rubbish collected by sixth-graders! The school lies on the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. In February 2024, the students spent a cold day cleaning up a nearly 1-mile area of Nantasket Beach. They collected more than 40 bags of rubbish. “I often go to the beach and don’t notice the rubbish,” says Derek DeGallo, who is now a seventh-grader. “But when I looked for it, I realized how much there was.” Every year, billions of pounds of rubbish end up in oceans all over the world. The students found many things on the beach, from fishing lines to old shopping carts. Most of it is plastic. This waste makes beaches dirty and can hurt sea animals—many get stuck in the plastic or eat it by mistake, falling ill. After their beach cleanup, the students sorted the rubbish into groups like glass, plastic and foam and counted each piece of rubbish. They sent the data to the Center for Coastal Studies, an organization that helps protect the ocean near Massachusetts. Then, a local artist named Jackie Ranney and the school’s teachers helped the students turn the rubbish into sculptures of fish and other sea creatures, like whales and seahorses. The artworks show people how important it is to take care of the earth. “I hope kids see these artworks and think about how they use plastic,” says Ranney, the local artist. “They might ask themselves, ‘Do I throw away and recycle my rubbish in the right way?’” Derek, now a seventh-grader, feels proud that he and his classmates helped stop rubbish from getting into the ocean. “Our own town’s beaches are wonderful,” he says. “We want to make sure they stay clean.” 66．Why are some artworks shown at the Lillian M. Jacobs School special? ________________________________________________ 67．What did Derek realize when he collected rubbish? ________________________________________________ 68．How does rubbish hurt sea animals? ________________________________________________ 69．What did students do after cleaning the beach? ________________________________________________ 70．What do you think about the students’ activities? Why? ________________________________________________ 七、书面表达（25分） 植物对人类、动物以及周围的环境都非常重要。假如你是李华，请你根据以下提示，以 The Importance of Plants 为题，从三个方面谈论一下植物的重要性，呼吁大家爱护植物。 提示： 1. 对人类：为我们提供食物，还可以用来制作药品和衣物 2. 对动物：是许多动物的生存依靠，为动物提供食物和家园 3. 对环境：净化空气，还可以固定泥土，防止风沙 要求： 1. 词数为 80~100； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3. 文中不得出现真实人名、校名等信息。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026译林八下南京期末模拟卷 完整答案+逐题解析 一、单项选择（15题） 1. 答案：D 解析：题干明确说明比赛结果已经出来，Nantong won，说明比赛已经结束，需要用延续性表达has been over 2. 答案：C 解析：every day一般现在时；蔬菜是“被供应”，被动语态，主语vegetables复数，are provided。 3. 答案：D 解析：sign up for报名参加（课程）；cheer up振奋；get up起床；stay up熬夜。句意报名英语口语课改善发音。 4. 答案：D 解析：be about to do正要、即将；饭后准备离开时记得感谢主人。have to不得不；be able to能够；be sorry to很遗憾。 5. 答案：A 解析：for five years现完has worked；in 2018过去时间点，一般过去came；come短暂动词不可搭配时间段。 6. 答案：B 解析：remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事，固定不定式搭配。 7. 答案：C 解析：疑问词+to do；遇到麻烦不知道找谁求助ask for help；A宾语从句语序错误；talk about谈论，语义不符。 8. 答案：B 解析：How many times多少次；have been to去过（已返回）；have gone to去了未归。答四次，说明已经回来。 9. 答案：B 解析：too + adj. to do太小不能；enough修饰形容词后置old enough。enough old语序错误。 10. 答案：B 解析：for five minutes延续时间，电影放映用be on；start短暂动词不能搭配时间段。 11. 答案：B 解析：people with disabilities残疾人，固定搭配，复数表一类人；disabled形容词不能跟with。 12. 答案：A 解析：what to do该怎么做（what作do宾语）；advice不可数无advices；how to do后面必须加宾语。 13. 答案：D 解析：next Friday将来；主语sports meeting单数，be going to；运动会“被举办”被动is going to be held。一般疑问句Is提前。 14. 答案：A 解析：make a difference产生影响（环保单元核心短语）；make a wish许愿；make a face做鬼脸。 15. 答案：B 解析：one of + 复数名词students；先行students是人，who指代复数，被动are praised。 二、完形填空（16-25） 16. C worried 解析：初次去乡村支教，既兴奋又担忧，担心学生是什么样子。bored无聊；relaxed放松；surprised惊讶。 17. A though 解析：大多数平时安静，虽然课间会奔跑大笑，让步关系。so因此；since因为；when当。 18. B poster 解析：墙上张贴带文字的海报poster；dictionary字典；timetable时刻表不符合语境。 19. D look up 解析：别的学生抬头微笑，只有小女孩不抬头，只顾画圈。stand up起立；give up放弃；wake up醒来。 20. B carefully 解析：课程都精心安排。slowly缓慢；directly直接；finally最终。 21. D meaningful 解析：怀疑自己做的事有没有意义。simple简单；interesting有趣；popular受欢迎。 22. B lantern 解析：后文多次出现lantern灯笼；storm停电，女孩拿灯笼照明。candle蜡烛，后文原词lantern呼应。 23. C closer 解析：第二天女孩坐得离同学更近，开始融入。farther更远；lower更低；longer更长。 24. C light 解析：女孩送灯笼，让老师永远拥有光亮，呼应前文停电的灯光。fun乐趣；hope希望（次要），light前后呼应。 25. A returned 解析：我本想来给予光亮，却收获了回馈的温暖光亮。collect收集；connect联系；accept接受。 三、阅读理解 A 沙尘暴（26-30） 26. B 解析：原文I visited my grandparents who live in a northern village. 27. B 解析：I was helping Grandpa plant young trees in the field when the sandstorm came. 28. C 解析：cover our noses and mouths, so we would not breathe in sand dust. 防止吸入沙尘。 29. B 解析：Now the village plants lots of trees on the hills. Trees can hold soil and stop wind from carrying sand. 30. B 解析：主旨：多植树等小事可以保护自然，减少自然灾害。 B 海洋能源（31-35） 31. B 解析：Tides rise and fall because of the gravity from the moon and sun. 32. B 解析：Unlike solar power that only works in daytime…waves exist all year round. 波浪能源全年昼夜可用。 33. C 解析：seawater is salty and will break metal parts easily 海水腐蚀金属零件。 34. A 解析：renewable可再生，指能循环持续使用，不会耗尽。 35. B 解析：结尾很多技术难题待解决，海洋能源仍需更多技术改良。 C 智慧森林（36-40） 36. B 解析：第三段全讲无人机拍照监测、播撒种子修复森林，核心是无人机作用。 37. D 解析：our green friends are at risk because the climate is changing and people are cutting down trees excessively. 38. B 解析：传感器听到砍树、火情，发送警报（危险预警）。 39. B Supportive支持 解析：全文夸赞科技保护森林，态度正面支持。 40. D 解析：全文主题Smart Forest，科技守护森林。 D 学生治理水华（41-45） 41. B 解析：蓝藻快速繁殖，部分产生毒素，危害人畜，是危险警示。 42. C 解析：化学品伤害其他生物，死去细菌滋生二次污染。 43. B 解析：低浓度过氧化氢杀蓝藻，生物炭吸附死亡微生物。 44. B 解析：work in the real world—with wind, waves, and changing water conditions. 45. B 解析：主旨：一名学生发明设备治理湖泊蓝藻污染。 四、单词拼写（10题） 46. will be replaced 解析：in ten years将来时；工作被机器取代，被动语态。 47. wealthy 解析：形容词修饰名词man，wealth财富→wealthy富有的。 48. spreading 解析：prevent…from doing阻止……做某事，介词后动名词。 49. excitement 解析：with+名词，excite动词→excitement兴奋。 50. behaved 解析：主句was过去时，从句一般过去时，表现。 51. interview 解析：last week’s名词所有格后接名词面试。 52. resources 解析：natural resources自然资源，固定复数。 53. control 解析：情态动词can后用动词原形控制。 54. explorer /ɪkˈsplɔːrər/ 解析：great修饰名词，探险家。 55. historical /hɪˈstɒrɪkl/ 解析：形容词修饰sites，历史遗迹。 五、短文填空（首字母） 56. praised 解析：这项关灯护鸟举措广受赞扬，被动is praised。 57. stay 解析：候鸟长途迁徙途中停留，一般现在时thousands后原形。 58. guests 解析：把候鸟视作来自北方的小客人，复数。 59. dark 解析：并非完全漆黑，主干道保留基础照明。 60. thoughtful 解析：兼顾人与鸟类，体贴周全的城市治理方式。 61. pollution 解析：light pollution光污染，固定搭配。 62. warm 解析：冷白光换成柔和暖黄光，减少惊扰鸟类。 63. risen 解析：over the past few years现完，rise上升，过去分词risen。 64. choice 解析：给自然留出空间是正确的选择。 65. alone 解析：深圳不是个例，北京成都也采取同类措施。 六、任务型阅读 66. Because they are made entirely of rubbish collected by sixth-grade students. 解析：原文第一段，雕塑全部由学生捡拾的垃圾制成，很特别。 67. He realized there was a lot of rubbish on the beach. 解析：Derek寻找垃圾时，才发现海滩垃圾数量巨大。 68. Sea animals may get stuck in plastic rubbish or eat it by mistake and fall ill. 解析：塑料缠绕动物、误食致病。 69. They sorted rubbish into different groups, counted them and sent data to a coastal protection organization, then turned rubbish into sea animal sculptures with artists and teachers. 解析：清理后分类统计、提交数据、合作制作环保雕塑。 70. 示例：I think it’s fantastic. The activity helps students know ocean pollution clearly and spreads environmental protection ideas through artworks. 解析：开放性题目，合理表达环保角度观点即可。 七、书面表达范文（The Importance of Plants，92词） The Importance of Plants Plants play an important role in our world. First, they are necessary for humans. They offer us fresh food, and we can also make medicine and clothes from them. Second, all kinds of animals depend on plants for food and homes. Without plants, most animals can’t live. Third, plants clean the air around us. They hold soil tightly and stop sandstorms as well. We must stop cutting trees randomly and plant more plants to protect our earth. 写作解析 1. 三段式对应提示：人类、动物、环境； 2. 词汇贴合八下环保单元：depend on, hold soil, sandstorms； 3. 词数92，符合80-100要求，句式多样无语法错误； 4. 结尾发出呼吁，贴合写作任务。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $