专题06 动词时态语态（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦动词时态语态高考核心专题，系统覆盖一般/进行/完成及完成进行时态、被动语态等必考考点，按“知识解构-考向破译”逻辑梳理时态构成与用法、被动结构及特殊表达，通过命题透视研判考情、思维建模搭建框架、考点精讲拆解核心、真题溯源强化训练，助力学生构建系统知识网络，突破语境判断等难点。 讲义创新采用“时间标志词-上下文语境-逻辑关系”三级判断法，如考向2通过上下文隐含时间逻辑训练时态判断，培养学生思维品质与语言能力。设置基础变形与语境转换分层练习，配合真题实例解析，确保学生高效掌握时态语态综合运用，为教师提供精准复习节奏把控依据，提升学生应考能力。

专题06 动词时态语态 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 动词时态 知识解构 知识点 1 一般时态（一般现在 / 过去 / 将来） 知识点 2 进行时态（现在 / 过去进行） 知识点 3 完成与完成进行时态（现完 / 过完 / 现完进行） 考向破译 考向 1 时间标志词匹配基础时态变形 考向 2 上下文语境隐含时间逻辑判断时态 考点二 被动语态 知识解构 知识点 1 各时态标准被动结构 知识点 2 无被动 / 主动表被动特殊动词 知识点 3 被动固定句型与复合被动 考向破译 考向 01 有提示词填空时态 + 被动双重变形 考向 02 翻译语境中文无被动、英文强制被动转换 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）必考形式：一般现在/过去/将来、现在/过去进行、现在/过去完成、过去将来及被动语态。 （2）高频难点：现在完成进行时、过去完成时、主谓一致与被动语态的叠加。 （3）题型对应： • 语法填空（有提示词）——直接考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 • 中译英翻译——要求根据中文时间词和主被动关系准确转换。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 2025上海高考 The animal, no longer than the width of her hand, ____2____ (lie) on its stomach with its eyes open and its short, silky ears held tightly against its back. But once the hare ____6____ (bring) inside her house, she became first its caretaker and later its protector. Hares are not meant to be pets. 【答案】2. was lying 6. was brought 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这只动物只有她的手掌那么宽，正趴着，眼睛睁着，短而柔软的耳朵紧紧贴在背上。此处为描述萨莉当时看到野兔的状态，用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。主语 the animal是单数，所以填was lying。故填was lying。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：但是，一旦野兔被带到她的房子里，她就开始成为它的看护人，后来成为它的保护者。此处为谓语动词的填入，主语the hare和动词bring是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was brought。 2023上海秋考 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构，此句为there be句型，主句谓语动词是 was。Who..and courage为who引导的定语从句，空格处为从句的谓语动词，此处意为!“被人们所知道”，be known for意为“因……而出名”，而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填 was known。 2023上海春考 As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. 2023上海秋考 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【解析】 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 考情分析： 一、高频时态 1.现在完成时：2022 年上海卷翻译题考查 “他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出”（hasn't seen）。 2.一般过去时：2023 年语法填空涉及 “featured”“were permitted” 等过去时用法。 3.被动语态结合时态：如 2022 年上海卷语法填空 “is known”（一般现在时被动）。 二、命题特点 1.语境依赖性增强：如 2024 年春考语法语篇通过祖孙故事考查时态，需结合上下文判断动作先后。 2.复杂时态偶现：如现在完成进行时（have been doing）需储备基础用法。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握时态语态的基本用法； 2. 掌握掌握 “时间状语→上下文→逻辑关系” 三级判断法，避免机械套用公式； 3. 强化在复杂语境中及句子翻译中时态语态的灵活运用。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 动词时态 知●识●解●构 知识点1 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时 一、一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是： (1)一般情况直接加­s， (2)结尾为­s，­x，­sh，­ch或­o，在词尾加­es discuss—discusses　wash—washes　teach—teaches fix—fixes　go—goes (3)结尾为“辅音字母＋y”变y为i再加­es carry—carries　study—studies 2．一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等连用。 He often goes to work by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow，we will go there.要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。 二、一般过去时 1．一般过去时的构成 一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是：规则动词的过去式变化详见附录 (1)一般情况在动词后加­ed (2)以­e结尾的动词后加­d hope—hoped　like—liked (3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加­ed study—studied　try—tried (4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed stop—stopped　prefer—preferred　admit—admitted permit—permitted 2．一般过去时的用法 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the other day，last week，the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 三、一般将来时 1．一般将来时的构成 由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。 2．一般将来时的用法 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next year，in＋一段时间等连用。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 —What time is it? 几点了？ —I have no idea. But just a minute，I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。 3．其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look，dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon，I think.瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 四、过去将来时 1．过去将来时的构成 should/would＋动词原形 was/were going to＋动词原形 was/were about to＋动词原形 was/were to＋动词原形 某些动词的过去进行时形式 2．过去将来时的用法 从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在8点到这里。 I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。 I thought it was going to rain.我当时觉得要下雨。 过去本打算做而未做的事情。 I was going to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 我本打算要参加聚会，但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。 知识点2 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时 一、现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 —I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like? ——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？ —Well，it's very hard work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind. ——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run out等动词。 Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。 二、过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。 He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？” (2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。 三、将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。其构成为：will/shall bee＋现在分词 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。 四、现在完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的构成 对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been＋现在分词。 二、现在完成进行时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? ——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？ —The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 知识点3 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 一、现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，till now，so far等。 He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。 In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。 (2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点； for＋时间段等。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? ——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ —Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years.——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 (3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？ 二、过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 3．常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 三、将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或 “by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为：will /shall +have ＋ 过去分词。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock，I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时，我将会写完文章了。 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 备注1： 其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think. 瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 备注2： 常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查时态的基本用法 1．It won’t be long before electric vehicles (become) the mainstream choice for most consumers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】become 【详解】考查动词。句意：用不了多久，电动汽车就会成为大多数消费者的主流选择。It won’t be long before…是固定句型，表示“过不了多久就……”，该句型中，before引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来，且从句中主语electric vehicles是复数，动词应用原形become。故填become。 2．Artificial intelligence (transform) many aspects of our daily life, from how we drive to how we diagnose diseases. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is transforming 【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：人工智能正在改变我们日常生活的许多方面，从我们如何驾驶到如何诊断疾病。根据语境可知，此处表示人工智能目前正在改变我们日常生活的许多方面，强调动作正在进行，应用现在进行时，主语为Artificial intelligence，be动词用is。故填is transforming。 3．In the beginning, the park (mean) to be a quiet retreat for local residents. Now it’s packed with tourists every weekend. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was meant 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：一开始，这个公园本是打算为当地居民提供一个安静的休憩之地。现在每个周末都挤满了游客。 be meant to do sth. 为固定搭配，意为“旨在；本应” 。根据时间状语In the beginning可知，事情发生在过去。用一般过去时。故填was meant。 4．While we (observe) the birds in the wetland, their behaviors were carefully recorded by our biology teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were observing 【详解】考查时态。句意：当我们在湿地观察鸟类时，我们的生物老师仔细地记录了它们的行为。表示过去某个时间段内正在发生，用过去进行时，主语为we，谓语用复数。故填were observing。 5．Sooner or later those dishonest people (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are truly free. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will pay 【详解】考查时态。句意：那些不诚实的人迟早会为他们的行为付出代价；相反，当我们诚实时，我们就真正自由了。表示将来的动作应用一般将来时。故填will pay。 6．The exchange student told us that she (teach) her classmates to make traditional cakes from her homeland during the coming cultural sharing festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would teach 【详解】考查时态。句意：这位交换生告诉我们，在即将到来的文化分享节期间，她会教同学们制作她家乡的传统糕点。主句谓语动词“told”提示为一般过去时，宾语从句需使用相应的过去时态；时间状语“during the coming cultural sharing festival”表示从过去视角来看将要发生的动作，因此用过去将来时，结构为“would+动词原形”，故填would teach。 7．You’d better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he (have) an important meeting then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be having 【详解】考查时态。句意：明天晚上7点到8点之间你最好不要给经理打电话；那时他将有一个重要的会议。根据between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening可知，此处是指未来具体时刻正在发生的事情，故用将来进行时will be doing，故填will be having。 8．This is the second time that she (set) foot on this wonderful land and her excitement is beyond words.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】has set 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是她第二次踏上这片神奇的土地，她的激动之情难以言表。that之前的主句中使用一般现在时，在“This/It is the+序数词+time+that从句”结构中，从句应使用现在完成时。从句主语为第三人称单数，空处应填has set。故填has set。 9．By the time the rescue team arrived, the missing hikers (endure) the harsh conditions for over 48 hours. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had endured/had been enduring 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当救援队到达时，失踪的徒步者已经在恶劣条件下坚持了48个多小时。“by the time + 一般过去时”的结构表示“到过去某个时间为止”，主句动作发生在“救援队到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时（had endured）；若强调动作在过去某一时间之前一直持续，则可用过去完成进行时（had been enduring），两者均符合语境，故填had endured/had been enduring。 10．In two days, it will be Christmas. Children all over the country (look) forward to this day for weeks. （用所给单词适当形式填空） 【答案】have been looking 【详解】考查时态。句意：再过两天，就是圣诞节了。全国的孩子们都盼望着这一天好几个星期了。此处缺乏谓语动词，由句意和时间状语 for weeks可知，look forward to“期盼”这个动作是从过去发生一直延续到了现在，且此动作还要持续下去，应用现在完成进行时（has/have been doing），主语Children all over the country是复数，谓语用复数形式。故填have been looking。 考向2 考查时态在具体情景中的特殊用法 1．He (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have learned/will have learnt 【详解】考查时态。句意：到明年大学毕业时，他已经学了八年英语了。空处为主句谓语动词，根据by the time引导的从句“he graduates from the university next year”可知，主句陈述将来某时间前已经完成的动作，应用将来完成时。故填will have learned/learnt。 2．He (write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been writing 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：他写了一上午的作文，现在还在工作。分析句子可知，空格处作谓语。根据句中the whole morning and he is still working以及句意可知，此处应用现在完成进行时态，表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到至今，并将持续下去，主语He表示单数意义，故填has been writing。 3．Tu Youyou proved that great honor (come) with hardships while opportunities favour the prepared mind. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】comes 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：屠呦呦证明了伟大的荣誉来自艰辛，而机会只属于有准备的人。分析句意可知，that从句中陈述的是客观事实，所以从句的时态用一般现在时；再分析句式结构，that从句中的主语great honor是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用动词的第三人称单数形式。故填comes。 4．For these couples of years, our school lift (witness) the lazy and brittle (脆的) students in long queues eagerly waiting, without the strong will to climb the stairs by themselves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has witnessed 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：在这几年里，我们的学校电梯见证了懒惰而脆弱的学生排着长队急切地等待，没有自己爬楼梯的坚强意志。根据For these couples of years可知，witness“见证”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子应用现在完成时，又因主语our school lift是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has witnessed。 5．The shy boy (plan) to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had planned 【详解】考查时态。句意：由于在新地方感到孤独和悲伤，这个害羞的男孩本打算退学，但与校长的一次简短交谈帮助他摆脱了困境。分析句子可知，空处作句子的谓语，结合“a small talk with the headmaster helped him out”可知，应用过去完成时，即had planned to do表示这个男孩本来计划退学，但事实上没做成，属于虚拟语气。故填had planned。 6．I wasn’t sure whether the postman (deliver) me the package on time.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would deliver 【详解】考查时态。句意：我不敢肯定邮递员是否会准时给我送来包裹。“wasn’t sure whether...” 表示“不确定是否……”，这里whether引导宾语从句，主句时态是一般过去时，结合“主过从过”的原则，从句的时态可以使用过去将来时 would deliver，表示“邮递员是否会按时给我送包裹”。故填would deliver。 7．A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53%) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46%) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime we eating together, 74%, according to statistics from the report. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】are 【详解】考查动词时态和部分倒装。句意：一项新的报告发现，在美国46%的人是独自一人用餐。超过一半（53%）的人独自吃早餐和近一半（46%）的人独自吃午餐。根据报告的统计数据，只有在晚餐时间74%的人们将会一起吃饭。分析句子结构可知，Only at dinnertime置于句首，要采用部分倒装，空格处需要填be的某种形式和eating共同构成现在进行时（表将来），主语we是复数名词，谓语动词应填are。故填are。 8．For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ordered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：例如，前几天我在网上订购了一台数码相机，节省了大约50美元。分析句子可知，order是谓语动词，由the other day可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填ordered。 9．What I have learnt from this movie is that there will be some people whom I may only meet once in my life, but once we meet, I (spend) the rest of my life remembering them before the memory of love disappears.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will spend 【详解】考查时态。句意：我从这部电影中学到的是，有些人在我的一生中可能只见过一次，但一旦我们相遇，我会用我的余生去记住他们，直到爱的记忆消失。根据后文“the rest of my life”可知，此处从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故填will spend。 10．Their strange but delightful interaction (prove) to be a pleasure to watch and I just cannot get enough of it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has proved/has proven 【详解】考查时态、主谓一致。句意：它们奇怪而愉快的互动被证明是一种乐趣，我就是看不够。根据I just cannot get enough of it可知，prove“证明是”这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，且主语interaction为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has proved或has proven。 考点二 动词语态 知●识●解●构 知识点1 被动语态的构成 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 知识点2 get +done构成被动的用法 get构成的表示被动语态的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 知识点3 主动表示被动意义 1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 2．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查被动语态的基本用法 1．As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese (teach) in more and more schools out of our country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is taught /is being taught 【详解】考查时态和被动语态。句意：随着中国日益强大，中文在国外越来越多的学校被教授。句子可以表示在当前阶段，中文在国外学校被教授是一个普遍现象，用一般现在时。也可以表示一个现阶段正在进行或持续的动作，用现在进行时。“Chinese”和“teach”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，故可以使用一般现在时的被动语态或现在进行时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，故be动词用is。故填is taught或is being taught。 2．Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it will take a lifetime to see everything. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being displayed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：目前，大约有35000件作品在卢浮宫的300多个房间里展出，要看完所有的作品需要一辈子的时间。空处作前句谓语，句子描述正在进行的动作，且display与主语about 35,000 works之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语about 35,000 works是复数，be动词使用are。故填are being displayed。 3．The large board in the corner had been replaced by a big screen, where customers’ comments on the month’s best-seller (display). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being displayed 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：角落里的大木板已经被一个大屏幕所取代，上面显示着顾客对当月畅销书的评论。where引导的定语从句描述过去正在发生的事情，从句时态用过去进行时，且主语comments与display“显示”之间为被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态，从句主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were being displayed。 4．We went to the supermarket to do some shopping. only to be told that it （decorate）(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being decorated 【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：我们去超市买东西，结果被告知正在装修。分析句子并根据went可知，空处应使用过去进行时，表示“过去正在做某事”。由于decorate与所修饰词it之间是被动关系，应使用过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done。it之后应使用was。故填was being decorated。 5．When the air-conditioner (turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is turned 【详解】句意：当空调开启时，细菌会被吹进家中或办公室，导致人生病。主句使用了一般将来时的被动语态，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时表将来。从句主语air-conditioner和turn on之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用is turned。 6．The first clear images of the distant universe (send) back to Earth by the new space telescope last month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were sent 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：新太空望远镜上个月将遥远宇宙的首批清晰图像传回了地球。此处为谓语动词，主语images与send为被动关系，且时间状语为last month，所以使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为复数，所以谓语动词为were sent。故填were sent。 7．The topic which (discuss) at the meeting the day after tomorrow is related to environmental protection. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be discussed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：后天会议上将要讨论的话题与环境保护有关。which引导限制性定语从句，空处缺少谓语，which指代先行词the topic，与discuss构成被动关系，且根据时间状语the day after tomorrow可知，用一般将来时的被动语态will be discussed。故填will be discussed。 8．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the following two years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】would be carried 【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：我上个月被派到这个村子去看看未来两年的发展计划将如何实施。根据句意可知，此处描述的是去过将要发生的事情，应用过去将来时，plan与carry是被动关系，应用过去将来时的被动语态。故填would be carried。 9．All the preparations for the task (complete) since last week, and we are ready to start. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been completed 【详解】考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：这项任务的所有准备工作从上周起就已经完成了，我们准备好开始了。since last week是现在完成时的时间状语，主语All the preparations是复数名词，与所填词complete之间是被动关系，要用现在完成时的被动语态have been+过去分词completed。故填have been completed。 10．This genetic influence (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was observed/had been observed 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：他们表示，这种遗传影响体现在34%的花园访问频率和44%的公共自然空间访问频率中。observe（观测）是谓语动词，与主语This genetic influence是被动关系，根据语境，动作发生在过去，可用一般过去时的被动语态was observed，也可理解为动作发生在“他们表示”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态had been observed。故填was observed/had been observed。 考向2 考查语态在具体情景中的特殊用法 1．The church tower which (restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being restored 【详解】 考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：正在修复的教堂塔楼将很快对游客开放，工作已接近尾声。根据The work is almost finished可知，“修复”正在进行，动词restore与主语which(指代The church tower，第三人称单数)之间是被动关系，故应使用现在进行时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is being restored。 2．He was not sure whether his thesis paper (approve) by the professor tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would be approved 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他不确定他的论文明天能否得到教授的批准。根据主句时态可知，从句用过去时态。结合从句时间状语 tomorrow可知，表示过去将要发生的事情，用过去将来时。主语his thesis paper 与approve之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故填would be approved。 3．The children (warn) of the harm of the computer games, but still many of them got addicted to (沉迷于) them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been warned 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：孩子们已经被警告过电脑游戏的危害，但仍然有许多人沉迷于电脑游戏。分析句子可知，空处缺少句子的谓语，主语The children与谓语动词warn构成被动关系，根据后半句中的got可知，被警告危害在沉迷游戏之前，用过去完成时，且此处为被动语态。故填had been warned。 4．People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have been influenced 【详解】考查时态。句意：人们已经被影响而对科技上瘾。一项调查报告称，“上瘾”是人们最常使用的词，用来描述他们与iPad和类似设备的关系。分析句子，设空处作谓语，句子表述动作发生在过去，对现在有影响故使用现在完成时。同时people和influence之间是被动关系，故使用现在完成时被动语态，people(人们)作主语，谓语动词用复数。故填have been influenced。 5．When Tom entered the room, he found some students were looking at him and smiling weirdly. He was sure that he (laugh at ). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was being laughed at 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当汤姆走进房间时，他发现一些学生正看着他，脸上带着奇怪的微笑。他确信自己在被人嘲笑。laugh at是嘲笑的意思，根据语境可知，确信当时被嘲笑，表示过去一直发生的动作用过去进行时，主语he和嘲笑是被动关系。用过去进行时的被动语态。故填was being laughed at。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题型1 动词时态语态在语法填空题中考查 例1 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） The study 3 (involve) 20 horses, who were initially rewarded with a treat for touching a piece of card with their noses. 【答案】3．involved 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这项研究涉及了 20 匹马，它们最初因用鼻子触碰一张卡片而得到食物奖励。文章整体描述的是过去进行的研究情况，句子主语是 “The study”，“involve” 是谓语动词，用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，所以用 “involved”。故填 involved。 例2（2025·上海浦东新·二模） In another study, researchers analyzed brain scans to see how writing about negative events affected the way such events 1 (process) and handled. They concluded that expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions and 2 writing about a past failure could improve learning. …… When you write with your audience in mind, you relate to them. Most importantly, you share something precious with loved ones. Think of how you felt the last time someone you cared about 5 (take) time to write you a heartfelt message. 【答案】1．were processed 5．took 【解析】 1.考查语态。句意：在另一项研究中，研究人员分析了脑部扫描，以了解写下负面事件如何影响此类事件被处理和应对的方式。“such events”是定语从句的主语，与“process”是被动关系，即事件被处理，根据上下文时态为一般过去时，故填 were processed。 5.考查时态。句意：想想上次你在乎的人花时间给你写了一封真心的信时你是什么感受。the last time引导的时间状语从句，描述过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。故填 took。 例3（2025·上海嘉定·二模） Then, at last, they arrived. The vast, icy emptiness 9 (stretch) in every direction. Henson, moving quickly ahead, was the first to mark their achievement. When Peary arrived, they planted their flags, securing their place in history. The impossible 10 (conquer). 【答案】9．stretched 10．had been conquered 【解析】 9．考查时态。句意：广阔的冰原向四面八方延伸。文章讲述的是过去的事情，这里描述到达北极时看到的景象，用一般过去时，“stretch” 的过去式是 “stretched”。故填 stretched。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：不可能的事情已经被征服了。The impossible” 与 “conquer” 之间是被动关系，“征服”发生在“抵达”之前，需用过去完成时，且主语the impossible与conquer之间是被动关。故填had been conquered。 例4（2025·上海闵行·二模） For students 6 (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option 7 (organize) in three sections: 【答案】 7．is organized/will be organized 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：每个选项都分为三个部分。主语Every option与organize之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态。也可以表示将要发生的动作，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 is organized/will be organized。 例5（2025·上海虹口·二模） Returning from studying abroad was like being hit by a wave of reality. The initial shock wasn’t in the customs or language differences I 1 (expect) abroad—it came when I stepped back into daily life in the U.S. ……. It felt disturbing, especially when I 6 (throw) into chaos after months of peace. 【答案】1．had expected 6．was thrown 【解析】 1．考查时态。句意：最初的冲击并非来自于我在国外所预期的风俗或语言差异——当我回到美国的日常生活时，它就出现了。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，expect这个动作发生在 “was” 之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时。故填had expected。 6．考查时态和语态。句意：尤其是在经历了几个月的平静之后，我被抛入混乱之中，这让我感到不安。空处为从句的谓语动词，“I”和 “throw”之间是被动关系，且这里描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was thrown。 例6（2025·上海静安·二模） And some think it’s just a quick trend and might even be harmful if practiced incorrectly. “Physiologically, humans 9 (build) for biped (双足的) mobility instead of quadruped (四足的) mobility like animals,” 【答案】9．are built 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：从生理上讲，人类是为双足移动而进化的，而不是像动物那样的四足移动。build(发展)是谓语动词，与主语humans之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are built。 例7（2025·上海宝山·二模） One of the remarkable things about OpenAI’s Sora is that it can generate content in a variety of styles. When the project 6 (disclose) last February, OpenAI claimed that “Sora can generate videos up to a minute long while maintaining visual quality and according to the user's hint.” 【答案】6．was disclosed 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：当该项目于去年二月公布时，OpenAI声称“Sora能够生成长达一分钟的视频，同时保持视觉质量并根据用户的提示进行创作”。空格处是谓语动词，根据时间状语last February可知，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；主语the project与动词disclose之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是单数形式，be动词用was。故填was disclosed。 例8（2025·上海杨浦·二模） At the time, the subway station was simply a proposal 7 (extend) Frankfurt’s subway system. Many of the local residents were concerned about the impact the construction and development 8 (have) on the community. 【答案】 8．would have 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：许多当地居民担心建设和开发会给社区带来影响。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可判断，此处表示从过去的角度看将来会发生的动作，应用过去将来时；主语the construction and development和动词have之间为主动关系。故填would have。 例9（2025·上海崇明·二模） Moo Deng lives at Khao Kheow Open Zoo, southeast of the Thai capital, Bangkok. Zoo worker Atthapon Nundee 2 (post) sweet moments of the animal's life for the past few months. During that time, the hippo has received widespread attention on social media. 【答案】 2．has been posting/has posted 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：过去几个月里，动物园工作人员阿塔蓬·农迪（Atthapon Nundee）一直在发布这只动物生活中的温馨瞬间。根据时间状语“for the past few months”可知，动作从过去开始持续到现在，且有可能继续下去，所以可以用现在完成进行时，表示一直在做某事；也可以用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，即发布了动物生活的甜蜜时刻，使河马受到了广泛关注。主语为Zoo worker Atthapon Nundee，助动词用has。故填has been posting/has posted。 例10（2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that 7 (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. 【答案】7．counts/is counted 【解析】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：如果你发现转移注意力能让你放松，而且之后担忧的事情也没有再浮现，那就说明这样做是有效的。由find可知，句子时态用一般现在时，sth. count as/sth. be counted as是固定短语，意为“某物可以算作/某物被认为是”，that作主语谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是counts/is counted。故填counts/is counted。 例11 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Sara Sami vividly recalls the first time she truly saw the stars. The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide 1 (search) for a spot in Saudi Arabia — a massive cliff overlooking a vast desert In November last year, another nature reserve, near the ancient oasis city of AlUla, 6 (name)the first-ever Dark Sky Park in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia joined 21 other countries on its list of certified Dark Sky Places, with the US and New Zealand 7 (top) the list. 【答案】1．was searching 6．was named 1．考查时态。句意：这位38岁的摄影师兼旅游导游正在沙特阿拉伯寻找一个地方——一个俯瞰广阔沙漠的巨大悬崖——这时她意外地发现自己在一个惊人的夜空下。此处为句型sb. be doing sth. when…表示“正在做某事，这时……”，发生在过去的某个时刻用过去进行时，主语为The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide，谓语用单数。故填was searching。 6．考查时态语态。句意：去年11月，另一个自然保护区，靠近古老的绿洲城市AlUla，被命名为中东第一个黑暗天空公园。主语another nature reserve与谓语name构成被动关系，根据上文In November last year可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was named。 例12（2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as getting to your feet to make a cup of tea, can make a surprisingly large difference to 3 calories you burn. “Breaking up motionless periods with brief walk greatly increases energy consumed daily and 4 (improve) health.” 【答案】 4．improves 4．考查动词时态。句意：这项研究的负责人、米兰大学教授弗朗西斯科·卢西亚诺博士表示，主要的信息应该是，短暂的体育活动，比如站起来泡杯茶，会对你燃烧的卡路里数量产生惊人的巨大影响。用短暂的散步来打破不动的时期，大大增加了每天消耗的能量，改善了健康。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，连词and后improve（提高）与increases（增加）一起作并列谓语，时态语态需保持一致，因此也需使用一般现在时的三单形式。故填improves。 例13（2025·上海青浦·二模） A concept I 5 (research) extensively, insinuation anxiety, is the discomfort we feel when signaling that someone might be wrong or untrustworthy. Rejecting advice directly can also risk social negative feedback. Giving yourself this space allows you to move from a reactive response to a thoughtful one. When I finally questioned the advice to “just be patient,” I realized it 9 (hold) me back. By taking proactive steps — seeking mentors outside of the workplace and pursuing my values — I started shaping my own career path, and you can do the same. 【答案】 5．have researched/am researching/have been researching 9．was holding/had held 5．考查时态。句意：我广泛研究过的一个概念，暗示焦虑，是当我们暗示某人可能错了或不可信时感到的不适。根据语境可知，空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，定语从句修饰先行词 A concept；此处可以表示过去 的研究，用一般过去时；也可以表示现在正在进行的研究，用现在进行时；还可以表示从过去到现在一直在进行的研究，用现在完成进行时，故填have researched/am researching/ have been researching。 9．考查时态。句意：当我终于质疑“要有耐心”的建议时，我意识到它一直在阻碍我/已经阻碍了我。根据语境可知，空格处是宾语从句的谓语动词，主句的谓语动词是realized，此处可以表示过去某个时间一直在进行的动作，用过去进行时；也可以表示realized之前已经完成的动作，用过去完成时，故填was holding/had held。 例14（2025·上海金山·二模） Stand-up comedy, originating in the United States, has gained global appeal, including in China. 1 the first Chinese stand-up comedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009, this form of entertainment was relatively unknown to most Chinese audiences. But the growing popularity of stand-up comedy in China 2 (demonstrate) that humor has no borders. Another two stand-up comedy industry leaders in China 3 (establish) in 2014 and 2017 respectively. 【答案】2．demonstrates 3．were established 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但脱口秀在中国日益增长的受欢迎程度表明幽默无国界。demonstrate(表明)是谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是“the growing popularity”是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填demonstrates。 3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：另外两家中国脱口秀行业的领军机构分别于2014年和2017年成立。establish(建立)是谓语动词，与主语“Another two stand up comedy industry leaders”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“in 2014 and 2017 respectively”可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，助动词用were。故填were established。 例15 （2025·上海长宁·二模） 3 Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats, a boy born into a poor family. Yelnats 4 (accuse) of a crime he didn’t commit. Sent to a prison camp in the desert, Yelnats must spend his days 5 (dig) holes amid poisonous snakes under the instruction of a strict prison officer. 6 Yelnats is told that this is to “build character”, he soon unearths a mystery buried deep beneath the ground. Sachar’s story of hardship 7 (inspire) book readers and film audiences for years. 【答案】 4．is accused 7．has inspired/has been inspiring 4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：耶尔纳茨被指控犯了一项他没有犯的罪。空处为句子谓语动词；再根据句意及空前的“… Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats”可知，此处描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，动词accuse与主语Yelnats之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is accused。 7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，萨查尔关于苦难的故事一直激励着书籍读者和电影观众。空处为句子谓语动词；根据时间状语“for years”可知，句子应用现在完成时（have/has done）或现在完成进行时（have/has been doing），表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在并还可能继续持续下去的动作；又因为主语Sachar’s story of hardship为第三人称单数，助动词用“has”。故填has inspired/been inspiring。 例16（2025·上海普陀·二模） This genetic influence 4 (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. 【答案】 4．was observed/had been observed 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：他们表示，这种遗传影响体现在34%的花园访问频率差异和44%的公共自然空间访问频率差异中。observe((在科学研究中)观测)是谓语动词，与主语This genetic influence是被动关系，根据语境，动作发生在过去，可用一般过去时的被动语态was observed，也可理解为动作发生在“他们表示”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态had been observed。故填was observed/had been observed。 （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Researchers (3)______ (study) social media habits for decades, and it turns out they'redriven by simple psychological rewards. The good news? These habits (7)______ (not set) in stone. Since they rely on learned connections, you can weaken them by changing your routine or limiting exposure (8)___to___ the reminders. Turning off notifications, moving apps out of easy reach, or doing something else instead can all help break the cycle. 【答案】 3. have been studying/have studied 7. are not set 【3题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：研究人员研究社交媒体习惯已经数十年了。根据时间状语“for decades”（数十年来）和主句“it turns out...”所体现的“研究结果至今有效”的语境，此处强调研究动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续，应使用现在完成进行时“have been studying”或现在完成时“have studied”。故填have been studying / have studied。 【7题详解】 考查被动语态和主谓一致。句意：好消息是？这些习惯并非一成不变。短语“set in stone”意为“一成不变，铁板钉钉”。主语“These habits”是复数，与动词set之间构成被动关系（习惯被设定），且根据上下文，此处陈述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态。否定形式在助动词后加not。故填are not set。 （2025~2026学年金山区二模） In the age of global economy and changing consumer tastes,these brands, carriers of China's business culture, (3)__________(face) gheat chances andchallenges. Many brands own special skills and secret recipes, which are valuable cultural heritage. Theywill be visually presented throughout the carnival. For example, Tongrentang's traditional Chinesemedicine processing techniques (5)__________ (demonstrate) on site. 【答案】3. are facing 5. will be demonstrated 【3题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：在全球经济和消费者口味变化的时代，这些作为中国商业文化载体的品牌正面临着巨大的机遇和挑战。根据语境“In the age of...”和句子表达的当前持续状态，此处应用现在进行时。主语“these brands”为复数，故填are facing。 【5题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：例如，同仁堂的中药炮制技术将在现场展示。主语“techniques”与“demonstrate”之间构成被动关系（技术被展示），且根据“on site”和上下文，动作发生在将来（嘉年华期间），应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be demonstrated。 （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） By the 18th century, smallpox ____2____ (become) particularly deadly. One in five people who caught it died. It was particularly dangerous for children, so parents would be advised not to count their children unless they survived smallpox. It involved a person being given a controlled dose (剂量) of the disease. A tiny drop of pus (脓液) from the spots of someone with the disease ____6____ (collect). Then the live virus was put into a cut on the arm of the healthy person. 【答案】 2. had become 6. was collected 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：到了18世纪，天花变得特别致命。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语By the 18th century可知，句子用过去完成时态，描述过去的过去，其结构为had done。故填had become。 【6题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：从病人身上的斑点上收集一小滴脓液。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据上下文可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时；主语a tiny drop of pus和collect之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，其结构为was/were+done，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was collected。 （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Her passion for Dunhuang ____1____ (inspire) by her father Chang Shuhong, often referred to as the pioneer of introducing Dunhuang art. In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who ____2____ (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. 【答案】1. was inspired 2. had won 【1题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：她对敦煌的热爱受到父亲常书鸿的启发，常书鸿常被称为引入敦煌艺术的先驱。主语Her passion与inspire之间为被动关系，且描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为单数，故填was inspired。 【2题详解】 考查时态。句意：1943年，她的父亲当时还是一位在法国赢得过多枚奖牌的有前途的艺术家，在阅读了有关敦煌洞窟艺术的文章后，决心为敦煌做出贡献。根据时间状语In 1943以及语境可知，win这一动作发生在made up his mind之前，是过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had won。 （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） Exercise is necessary for good health, but people in blue zones generally do not set aside time for exercise ___7___(plan) specifically for fitness, such as going to the gym. Instead, activity ___8___ (build) into daily life as they walk from place to place and do housework such as gardening and cleaning. Many families in blue zones live in homes where multiple generations reside together. This arrangement provides emotional and practical support for both the old and the young. And these communities are organized in a way that enables people ___9___ (find) social support beyond their biological family. In these tight-knit communities, the residents often look out for each other, which in turn ____10____ (strengthen) the social bonds that are essential for a long and healthy life. 【答案】 8. is built 10. strengthens 【8题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：相反，活动融入了他们的日常生活，他们从一个地方走到另一个地方，做家务，如园艺和清洁。空处为句子的谓语，根据walk可知，句子使用一般现在时，activity和build之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语activity是单数，be动词应用is。故填is built。 【10题详解】 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：在这些紧密联系的社区里，居民们经常互相照顾，这反过来又加强了对于长寿和健康生活至关重要的社会联系。空处为句子的谓语，根据look可知，句子使用一般现在时，which指代上文整个句子，并在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填strengthens。 （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） On April 15, 2019, the people of Paris, France, were shocked to see the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral in flames. The cathedral ____1____ (stand) for hundreds of years, but the fire nearly destroyed it. Hundreds of firefighters fought to save the building, but the fire still did extensive damage. Since then, the building has been closed for repairs, but this Sunday, it ____2____ (schedule) to be open to the public once more. 【答案】1. had stood 2. is scheduled 【1题详解】 考查时态。句意：这座大教堂已经矗立了数百年，但这场大火几乎将其摧毁。根据语境可知，stand这一动作发生在“the fire nearly destroyed it”之前，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had stood。 【2题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：从那以后，这座建筑一直关闭进行维修，但这个星期天，它计划再次向公众开放。根据语境可知，此处表示按计划或安排要做的事，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是it，be动词用is。故填is scheduled。 （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） In 2014, Dr. Kang Lee, a scientist at the University of Toronto in Canada who studies how young people’s brains work, ____3____ (propose) a different theory. Dr. Lee concluded that a lot of things we see in the world ____8____ (create) not by our sight but by our minds. 【答案】 3. proposed 8. are created 【3题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：2014年，加拿大多伦多大学研究青少年大脑运作的科学家李康博士提出了另一种理论。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语In 2014可知，描述过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，所以用proposed。故填proposed。 【8题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：李博士得出结论：“我们在世界上看到的很多事物并非由视觉造就，而是由大脑创造。”此处为谓语动词，描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语a lot of things与create为被动关系，且主语为名词复数，所以用are created。故填are created。 （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） These artificial memory traces (2)_______ (standardize) to integrate seamlessly (无缝地) with the subject's authentic recollections. Patients underwent intensive cognitive therapy to distinguish between endogenous (内生的) and implanted memories, and their sense of self, guided by neural synchronization protocols (神经同步协议), (6) _______ (expand) to incorporate this new internal narrative. 答案:2. were standardized 6.expanded 【2 题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：这些人工记忆痕迹被标准化，以无缝融入受试者的真实记忆。主语 traces 与 standardize 为被动关系，结合全文过去时语境，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 were standardized。 【6 题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：患者接受强化认知治疗，区分原生记忆与植入记忆，他们的自我认知在神经同步协议的引导下得到拓展，融入了这段全新的内心叙事。主语 sense of self 与 expand 为被动关系，结合过去时语境，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 expanded。 题型2 动词时态语态在句子翻译中的运用 例1 （2025届上海市宜川中学高三下学期三模英语试题） 1．花展即将落幕，可以再种植的花卉何去何从？(happen) (汉译英) 【答案】As the flower show is coming to an end, what will happen to the plantable flowers? 【详解】考查短语和时态。此处用as引导时间状语从句，“结束”表达为come to an end，表示“花展即将落幕”翻译为as the flower show is coming to an end，为现在进行时表将来时；表示“……何去何从”可用what happen to；表示“可以再种植的花卉”为the plantable flowers，为一般将来时。故翻译为As the flower show is coming to an end, what will happen to the plantable flowers? 例2（2025届上海市复兴高级中学高三下学期三模英语试题） 2．越是在快要成功的紧要关头，越是不能够掉以轻心。(afford) (汉译英) 【答案】The closer you are to success, the less you can afford to be careless/the more you can’t afford to be careless. 【详解】考查固定句型、形容词（短语）、动词短语和名词。“越是……，越是……”可用固定句型the more…, the more…，表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化；“越是在快要成功的紧要关头”为从句，应用一般现在时表将来，隐含的主语“你”用代词you，“快要”可理解为“接近”，可用形容词短语be close to，“成功”可用名词success；“越是不能够掉以轻心”为主句，隐含的主语“你”用代词you，“能够做某事”可理解为“能承担得起做某事”，用动词短语can afford to do，“掉以轻心”可用be动词和形容词careless搭配，“越是不能够”有两种表达方式：the less you can afford to或the more you can’t afford to。故可译为：The closer you are to success, the less you can afford to be careless/the more you can’t afford to be careless. 例3【2025届上海市长宁区高三上学期一模英语试题】 3．北京烤鸭烤好时，香味让所有外国食客都垂涎三尺了。（by the time）（汉译英） 【答案】By the time the Peking duck was roasted/done/ready, the smell had made all the foreign diners’ mouths water. 【详解】考查从句和时态。本句是时间状语从句，使用了“by the time”结构，表示“到了……时候”。从句为一般过去时，主句为过去完成时。“北京烤鸭烤好时”翻译成一般过去时被动语态。“北京烤鸭”为the Peking duck ，为主语。“烤好”为翻译为：was roasted/done/ready。“香味”为the smell，“所有外国食客”为all the foreign diners。make one’s mouth water是固定搭配，表示“让某人垂涎欲滴”。故翻译为：By the time the Peking duck was roasted/done/ready, the smell had made all the foreign diners’ mouths water. 例4【2025届上海市延安中学高三下学期三模英语试题】 4．中国传统文化的未来，必将是古老智慧与现代创新的相互交融，生生不息。 (hold) (汉译英) 【答案】The future of Chinese traditional culture will surely be the mutual integration of ancient wisdom and modern innovation, holding on to life and growth without end. 【详解】考查时态和非谓语动词。表示“中国传统文化的未来”用the future of Chinese traditional culture，作主语；表示“必将”用一般将来时，翻译为will surely be；表示“古老智慧与现代创新的相互交融”翻译为the mutual integration of ancient wisdom and modern innovation；表示“生生不息”用短语hold on to life and growth without end，与上文句子构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故翻译为The future of Chinese traditional culture will surely be the mutual integration of ancient wisdom and modern innovation, holding on to life and growth without end. 例5【2025届上海市嘉定一中学高三下学期三模英语试题】 5．令她喜忧参半的是，她将成年独立，再无家荫庇护。（what）（汉译英） 【答案】What makes her both happy and worried/concerned/ what gave her mixed feelings is/was that she will/would become an independent adult/grow up to be independent, no longer under her family’s shelter/without the shelter/protection of her family. 【详解】考查时态、主语从句和表语从句。根据句意，该句可以理解为描述的是客观事实，主句使用一般现在时，也可以理解为讲述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，表示“令她喜忧参半的是”为主语从句作主语，使用what引导主语从句（what在从句中作主语），其中“令……喜忧参半”为make sb. both happy and worried/concerned或give sb. mixed feelings，主语从句的谓语动词使用单数形式is/was；表示“她将成年独立”为表语从句作表语，结合句意，以及主语从句和主句中的时态可以是一般现在时，也可以是一般过去时可知，表语从句中使用一般将来或者过去将来时，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以使用that引导，其中“成年独立”为become an independent adult或grow up to be independent，“将”为will/would；表示“再无家荫庇护”为伴随状语，使用介词短语no longer under her family’s shelter或without the shelter/protection of her family表示。故翻译为What makes her both happy and worried/concerned/what gave her mixed feelings is/was that she will/would become an independent adult/grow up to be independent, no longer under her family’s shelter/without the shelter/protection of her family. 例6【2025届上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模英语试题】 6．上周二，我在一家二手书店淘到了一本漫画书，虽略显陈旧，但插图生动、文字清晰，堪称物超所值。 (worth) (汉译英) 【答案】Last Tuesday, I picked up a comic book at a second-hand bookstore; though it was slightly worn, its vivid illustrations and clear text made it well worth the price. 【详解】考查时态、形容词、固定短语、状语从句和时态。中文原句可拆分为两个分句，用分号连接；“上周二，我在一家二手书店淘到了一本漫画书”是第1分句，时间状语“上周二”译为last Tuesday，主语“我”用人称代词I；地点状语“在一家二手书店”译为介词短语at a second-hand bookstore，谓语“淘到”用动词短语pick up表示，讲述过去的事情用一般过去时态picked up，宾语“一本漫画书”译为a comic book；“虽略显陈旧，但插图生动、文字清晰，堪称物超所值”是第2分句，“虽略显陈旧”是让步状语从句，用从属连词though引导，译为though it was slightly worn，“插图生动、文字清晰”可处理为主句主语，译为its vivid illustrations and clear text，“堪称物超所值”可翻译为made it well worth the price，其中谓语动词made是使役动词，固定短语well worth the price表示“物有所值”。综上，全句译为：Last Tuesday, I picked up a comic book at a second-hand bookstore; though it was slightly worn, its vivid illustrations and clear text made it well worth the price. 例7【2025届上海市奉贤中学高考三模英语试题】 7．黄浦江东岸的璀璨光影将与滨江花海交相辉映，为市民呈现一幅融合科技与生态的城市画卷。(in harmony) （汉译英） 【答案】The brilliant light and shadow on the east bank of the Huangpu River will shine in harmony with the riverside flower sea, presenting citizens with a city picture that integrates technology and ecology. 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“黄浦江东岸的璀璨光影”应用The brilliant light and shadow on the east bank of the Huangpu River；表示“与……交相辉映”应用shine in harmony with，此处描述将要发生的事情，使用一般将来时；表示“滨江花海”应用the riverside flower sea；表示“为……呈现”应用present...with...，此处为非谓语动词作状语，present和前面的主句为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式作状语；表示“市民”应用citizens；表示“一幅融合科技与生态的城市画卷”应用a city picture that integrates technology and ecology，that引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a city picture，关系词在定语从句中作主语。故翻译成：The brilliant light and shadow on the east bank of the Huangpu River will shine in harmony with the riverside flower sea, presenting citizens with a city picture that integrates technology and ecology. 例8【2025届上海市格致中学高三下学期5月三模英语试卷】 8．已有40年历史的上海车展，见证了中国汽车工业从学习者到创新者的蜕变。(witness) (汉译英) 【答案】With a history of 40 years, the Shanghai Auto Show has witnessed the transformation of China’s automobile industry from a learner to an innovator. 【详解】考查介词短语、名词短语、动词和时态。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“有40年的历史”应为介词短语With a history of 40 years；表示“上海车展”应为名词短语the Shanghai Auto Show；表示“见证了”为动词witness；表示“中国汽车工业的蜕变”应为名词短语the transformation of China’s automobile industry；表示“从学习者到创新者”应为介词短语from a learner to an innovator；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述已经发生的事情，为现在完成时。故翻译为：With a history of 40 years, the Shanghai Auto Show has witnessed the transformation of China’s automobile industry from a learner to an innovator. 例9【2025届上海市宜川中学高三下学期三模英语试题】 9．自3月启动以来，本项赛事吸引了500余名来自不同领域的选手踊跃报名，其中不乏留学生群体。（including）（汉译英） 【答案】Since its launch in March, this competition has attracted more than 500 participants from various fields to sign up enthusiastically, including many international students. 【详解】考查时间状语、动词时态及介词（短语）。根据句意，句子描述的是从过去某一时间点开始并持续到现在的动作，因此使用现在完成时；“自……以来”用since引导的时间状语，位于句首，首字母需大写；主语“本项赛事”译为this competition；谓语“吸引了”译为has attracted；“500余名”译为more than 500；“来自不同领域的”作定语修饰participants，译为from various fields；“踊跃报名”表示目的或结果，可用不定式to sign up enthusiastically作目的状语；句末要求使用介词including表达“其中包括”，后接宾语“不乏留学生群体”译为many international students，构成including many international students，在句中作状语。故翻译为Since its launch in March, this competition has attracted more than 500 participants from various fields to sign up enthusiastically, including many international students. 例10【2025届上海市上海市静安区上海市风华中学高三下学期模拟预测英语试题】 10．在经过重新装修之后，这个曾经老旧的工厂摇身一变成了聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点”。 (spot) (汉译英) 【答案】After the redecoration, the once old factory has been transformed/changed into an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants /where various fancy restaurants gather.。 【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。表示“在经过重新装修之后”可用after the redecoration；表示“这个曾经老旧的工厂”可翻译为the once old factory；表示“摇身一变成了”用be transformed/changed into，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时的被动语态；表示“聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点””可翻译为现在分词短语作定语，为an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants；或用定语从句修饰先行词spot，在从句作地点状语，故用where引导，翻译为an internet famous spot gathering where various fancy restaurants gather。故翻译为After the redecoration, the once old factory has been transformed/changed into an internet famous spot gathering various fancy restaurants/ where various fancy restaurants gather.。 例11 【2025届上海市徐汇区区高三下学期二模英语试题】 11．该公司在人工智能领域的成就和影响力不容小觑。(field) （汉译英） 【答案】The company’s achievements and influence in the field of artificial intelligence must not be underestimated. 【详解】考查被动语态、固定短语、情态动词以及被动语态。表示“该公司的”，使用名词所有格the company’s；“成就和影响力”翻译为achievements and influence；“在……领域”根据题目要求使用短语in the field of ；“人工智能”是artificial intelligence；即主语“该公司在人工智能领域的成就和影响力”翻译为：The company’s achievements and influence in the field of artificial intelligence；“不容小觑”即“一定不能被低估”，使用被动语态，“一定不能”用must not，“被低估”翻译为be underestimated，放在情态动词后用动词原形。故翻译为The company’s achievements and influence in the field of artificial intelligence must not be underestimated。 例12【2025届上海市普陀区区高三下学期二模英语试题】 12．如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活，很多高中和大学都已将该问题提上日程。(how) (汉译英) 【答案】How to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life has already been put on the agenda in many senior high schools and universities. It has already been put on the agenda by many senior high schools and universities how these educational institutions can enable numerous students to better adapt to future life. 【详解】考查被动语态、“疑问词 + 不定式”结构、动词短语、时态和语态。“如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活”作主语，可处理为“疑问词 + 不定式”复合结构，“如何”用疑问词how，“让莘莘学子”用enable numerous students to，“更好地适应未来生活”用动词短语better adapt to future life，整体构成“疑问词 + 不定式”结构“how to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life；“已将……提上日程”作谓语，用动词短语put...on the agenda，根据语境，事情已经发生，用现在完成时，且主语和谓语之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，用has already been put on the agenda；“很多高中和大学”作地点状语，用介词短语in many senior high schools and universities。综上，全句译为：How to enable numerous students to better adapt to future life has already been put on the agenda in many senior high schools and universities. 例13【2025届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题】 13．一些技术突破并非由科技巨头们推动，而是来自于普通人的奇思妙想。(drive) （汉译英） 【答案】Some technological breakthroughs are not driven by tech giants but stem from ordinary people’s creative ideas. 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“一些技术突破”用some technological breakthroughs，作主语；表示“推动”用动词drive，与主语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态；表示“科技巨头们”为tech giants；表示“普通人的奇思妙想”可翻译为ordinary people’s creative ideas；表示“来自于”短语为stem from；表示“不是……而是……”句型为not…but…。故翻译为Some technological breakthroughs are not driven by tech giants but stem from ordinary people’s creative ideas. 例14【2025届上海市建平中学高三下学期三模考试英语试题】 14．外国游客被中国传统文化深深吸引，高效的高铁、方便的移动支付、智能机器人也让他们大开眼界、叹为观止。(appeal) (汉译英) 【答案】Foreign tourists are deeply attracted by traditional Chinese culture, and the high-efficient high-speed railway, convenient mobile payment and intelligent robots also appeal to them greatly. 【详解】考查被动语态、动词短语、形容词和副词。句子应该是描述当前的情况，时态宜用一般现在时，整个句子可处理为两个简单句，简单句之间用并列连词and连接；第一个简单句中，主语“外国游客”可用名词短语foreign tourists，“被……吸引”可用动词短语are attracted by，“深深（地）”可用副词deeply，“中国传统文化”可用名词短语traditional Chinese culture；第二个简单句中，主语中的“高效的高铁”可用名词短语the high-efficient high-speed railway，“方便的移动支付”可用名词短语convenient mobile payment，“智能机器人”可用名词短语intelligent robots，“也”可用副词also，“让他们大开眼界、叹为观止”可理解为“极大地迷住了他们”，可用动词短语appeal to them greatly表示。故可译为：Foreign tourists are deeply attracted by traditional Chinese culture, and the high-efficient high-speed railway, convenient mobile payment and intelligent robots also appeal to them greatly. 例15【2025届上海市青浦区区高三下学期二模英语试题】 15．听说那幅水墨画将被送去国外展览，市民在艺术馆的展厅前大排长龙，想在展品出国之前来欣赏一下。(It) (汉译英) 【答案】It is heard that the ink painting will be sent abroad for exhibition, so citizens wait in a long queue in front of the gallery hall to appreciate the masterpiece before its departure. 【详解】考查固定被动语态、时态和动词短语。“听说……”可用固定句型“It is heard that...”表示，其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句；“那幅水墨画将被送去国外展览”是主语从句中分句，主语“那幅水墨画”用the ink painting，“将被送去国外展览”表示将来的行为，用一般将来时的被动语态will be sent abroad for exhibition；“市民在艺术馆的展厅前大排长龙，想在展品出国之前来欣赏一下”是主语从句中并列分句，与前一分句构成因果关系，用连词so连接两个句子，其中主语“市民”用citizens，“在艺术馆的展厅前大排长龙”译为wait in a long queue in front of the gallery hall，描述现在的状态，谓语动词wait用一般现在时态，“想在展品出国之前来欣赏一下”作目的状语，用不定式短语to appreciate the masterpiece，“在展品出国之前”是时间状语，译为before its departure。综上，全句译为：It is heard that the ink painting will be sent abroad for exhibition, so citizens wait in a long queue in front of the gallery hall to appreciate the masterpiece before its departure. （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） 52. 应该让孩子们知道谁才是他们该追的星。(should) 52. Children should be taught whom they ought to follow as role models. 解析：考查被动语态和宾语从句。“应该让孩子们知道” 译为 “Children should be taught”（被动语态，强调被教育）；“谁才是他们该追的星” 译为 “whom they ought to follow as role models”（role models 对应 “偶像、明星”）。 （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） 54. 越来越多咖啡店推出自带杯优惠，咖啡爱好者每月都能省下一笔不小的开销。（discount）(汉译英) _____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】More and more coffee shops are offering discounts for bringing their own cups, so coffee lovers can save a significant amount of money each month. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语、时态。表示“越来越多咖啡店”用More and more coffee shops，作句子主语，句首单词首字母大写；表示“推出”用offer，时态用现在进行时，表示现阶段正在发生的动作，主语是复数，谓语用are offering；表示“自带杯优惠”用discounts for bringing their own cups，其中for bringing their own cups是介词短语作后置定语修饰discounts；表示“咖啡爱好者”用coffee lovers；表示“每月都能省下一笔不小的开销”用can save a significant amount of money each month。故翻译为More and more coffee shops are offering discounts for bringing their own cups, so coffee lovers can save a significant amount of money each month. （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） 52. 当饮食中的纤维比例失调时，营养就会受损。(proportion) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When the proportion of fibre in the diet is out of balance, nutrition will be impaired. 【解析】 【详解】考查时间状语从句和被动语态。根据汉语句子分析，整句用主将从现结构表达，即，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。“当饮食中的纤维比例失调时”为时间状语从句，用“when”引导；其中“纤维比例”为从句主语，用名词短语“the proportion of fibre”表达，“饮食中的”用介词短语“in the diet” 表达，作后置定语，“失调”用“be out of balance”表达，从句主语为第三人称单数，be用“is”。主句“营养就会受损”用一般将来时，“营养”用名词“nutrition”表达，“受损”用动词“impair”表达，主语与其之间为被动关系，用一般将来时被动语态“will be impaired”。故翻译为When the proportion of fibre in the diet is out of balance, nutrition will be impaired. （2025~2026学年静安区二模） 53. 所有新药必须接受严格检测，未经批准不得发布。（release）(汉译英) ________________________________________________________________ 【答案】All new drugs must undergo strict tests and shall not be released without permission. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和情态动词。表示“所有新药”为all new drugs；表示“必须接受严格检测”为must undergo strict tests；and连接并列谓语，表示“未经批准”为without permission；表示“不得发布”为shall not be released。故翻译为All new drugs must undergo strict tests and shall not be released without permission. （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） 53. 这项法规将于下个月生效，在一定程度上会确保个人信息在网络上的安全。(effect) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This regulation is to take effect next month, and will to some extent ensure the security of personal information online. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和时态。表示“这项法规”用this regulation，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“下个月”用next month，表示“生效”用take effect，结合语境可知，本句描述的是计划好的事情，用一般将来时be to do sth.，主语是this regulation，be动词使用is，即is to take effect；表示“在一定程度上”用to some extent，作状语；表示“会确保”用will ensure，与is to take effect并列，使用并列连词and连接，作并列谓语；表示“个人信息在网络上的安全”用the security of personal information online，作ensure的宾语。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为This regulation is to take effect next month, and will to some extent ensure the security of personal information online. 52. 每天做点洗碗之类的家务活对培养耐心很管用。(effect) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day has a good effect on developing patience. 【解析】 【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。表示“每天做点洗碗之类的家务活”用动名词短语作主语，为doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day；表示“对……很管用”可用have a good effect on；表示“培养耐心”为develop patience，develop用动名词形式作介词on的宾语。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为Doing such housework as washing (the) bowls every day has a good effect on developing patience. （2025~2026学年金山区二模） 54. 当下人工智能蓬勃发展，因此理性运用技术、防范潜在风险至关重要。(boom) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】At present, artificial intelligence is booming, so it is vital to use technology rationally and guard against potential risks. 【解析】 【详解】考查现在进行时和固定句型。“蓬勃发展” 用is booming；“做某事至关重要” 用it is vital to do sth；“理性运用” 为use…rationally，“防范潜在风险” 为guard against potential risks。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 动词时态语态 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 动词时态 知识解构 知识点 1 一般时态（一般现在 / 过去 / 将来） 知识点 2 进行时态（现在 / 过去进行） 知识点 3 完成与完成进行时态（现完 / 过完 / 现完进行） 考向破译 考向 1 时间标志词匹配基础时态变形 考向 2 上下文语境隐含时间逻辑判断时态 考点二 被动语态 知识解构 知识点 1 各时态标准被动结构 知识点 2 无被动 / 主动表被动特殊动词 知识点 3 被动固定句型与复合被动 考向破译 考向 01 有提示词填空时态 + 被动双重变形 考向 02 翻译语境中文无被动、英文强制被动转换 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）必考形式：一般现在/过去/将来、现在/过去进行、现在/过去完成、过去将来及被动语态。 （2）高频难点：现在完成进行时、过去完成时、主谓一致与被动语态的叠加。 （3）题型对应： • 语法填空（有提示词）——直接考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。 • 中译英翻译——要求根据中文时间词和主被动关系准确转换。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 2025上海高考 The animal, no longer than the width of her hand, ____2____ (lie) on its stomach with its eyes open and its short, silky ears held tightly against its back. But once the hare ____6____ (bring) inside her house, she became first its caretaker and later its protector. Hares are not meant to be pets. 【答案】2. was lying 6. was brought 【2题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：这只动物只有她的手掌那么宽，正趴着，眼睛睁着，短而柔软的耳朵紧紧贴在背上。此处为描述萨莉当时看到野兔的状态，用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。主语 the animal是单数，所以填was lying。故填was lying。 【6题详解】 考查动词时态和语态。句意：但是，一旦野兔被带到她的房子里，她就开始成为它的看护人，后来成为它的保护者。此处为谓语动词的填入，主语the hare和动词bring是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was brought。 2023上海秋考 Once upon a time , in the heart of Africa, there was a king who (2l) __________( know )for his wisdom and courage, His name was Mosi, meaning "smoke" in his native tongue. 【答案】21.was known 【解析】考查被动语态。分析句子结构，此句为there be句型，主句谓语动词是 was。Who..and courage为who引导的定语从句，空格处为从句的谓语动词，此处意为!“被人们所知道”，be known for意为“因……而出名”，而且主句中的谓语为一般过去时,所以应该填 was known。 2023上海春考 As the name(26)__________ (imply), Advisers are there to advise: they do not run the companies. 2023上海秋考 【答案】26. implies 27. are/will be/have been 【解析】 26. implies 考查一般现在时。根据句子结构和语境，这里用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式"implies"，表示"意味着"。根据原文句子结构和语境判断。 27. are/will be/have been 考查时态。根据句子结构，主语three Advisers后面的破折号是解释说明，判定空格处动词be是句子的谓语部分，再结合句意可知此处为主系表结构，而且“be available to”表示“可用于……，……可利用或得到的”，Advisers是复数，故填入are/will be/ have been。句意：通常，每家公司都有三名顾问，一名会计顾问、一名生产顾问和一名营销顾问。 考情分析： 一、高频时态 1.现在完成时：2022 年上海卷翻译题考查 “他已经几十年没见过如此壮观的日出”（hasn't seen）。 2.一般过去时：2023 年语法填空涉及 “featured”“were permitted” 等过去时用法。 3.被动语态结合时态：如 2022 年上海卷语法填空 “is known”（一般现在时被动）。 二、命题特点 1.语境依赖性增强：如 2024 年春考语法语篇通过祖孙故事考查时态，需结合上下文判断动作先后。 2.复杂时态偶现：如现在完成进行时（have been doing）需储备基础用法。 复习目标： 1. 熟练掌握时态语态的基本用法； 2. 掌握掌握 “时间状语→上下文→逻辑关系” 三级判断法，避免机械套用公式； 3. 强化在复杂语境中及句子翻译中时态语态的灵活运用。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 动词时态 知●识●解●构 知识点1 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、过去将来时 一、一般现在时 1．一般现在时的构成 主要用动词原形构成。动词be的第一人称单数形式用am，第三人称单数形式用is，其他人称形式均用are。动词have的第三人称单数形式用has。实义动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则是： (1)一般情况直接加­s， (2)结尾为­s，­x，­sh，­ch或­o，在词尾加­es discuss—discusses　wash—washes　teach—teaches fix—fixes　go—goes (3)结尾为“辅音字母＋y”变y为i再加­es carry—carries　study—studies 2．一般现在时的用法 (1)表示经常发生的、习惯性的、反复出现的动作或状态。常与表示习惯的副词(词组)always，every time，now and then，occasionally，often，seldom，never，sometimes，usually，every day/night等连用。 He often goes to work by bus，and he takes a walk with his wife after dinner every day. 他经常乘公共汽车去上班，而且每天饭后和妻子一块散步。 (2)按时间表、时刻表、日程表等安排将要发生的动作。只限于go，arrive，leave，start，stay，return，begin，come等动词。 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 takes off at 18：20. 看看时间表。快点儿吧！4026航班18：20起飞。 (3)用在时间、条件或让步状语从句中表示将来。 If it is fine tomorrow，we will go there.要是明天晴天，我们就去那里。 二、一般过去时 1．一般过去时的构成 一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。不规则动词的过去式的变化规则是：规则动词的过去式变化详见附录 (1)一般情况在动词后加­ed (2)以­e结尾的动词后加­d hope—hoped　like—liked (3)以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，变y为i再加­ed study—studied　try—tried (4)以重读闭音节或/r/音节结尾，词尾只有一个辅音字母时双写词尾的辅音字母再加­ed stop—stopped　prefer—preferred　admit—admitted permit—permitted 2．一般过去时的用法 表示过去一段时间内经常性或习惯性的动作。常与often，usually，seldom 等表示频度的副词连用。还可以表示在过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，与现在没有关系，常与yesterday，the other day，last week，the day before yesterday等过去的时间状语连用。 In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. 1931年亚当斯成为第一个赢得诺贝尔和平奖的美国女性。 三、一般将来时 1．一般将来时的构成 由“shall/will＋动词原形”构成。其中shall用于第一人称，will用于一切人称。 2．一般将来时的用法 表示现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语tomorrow，next year，in＋一段时间等连用。“will＋动词原形”还可以表示说话时临时做出的决定。 —What time is it? 几点了？ —I have no idea. But just a minute，I will check it for you.我不知道。你稍等，我给你查查。 3．其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look，dark clouds are gathering. It is going to rain soon，I think.瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years.无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock.到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 四、过去将来时 1．过去将来时的构成 should/would＋动词原形 was/were going to＋动词原形 was/were about to＋动词原形 was/were to＋动词原形 某些动词的过去进行时形式 2．过去将来时的用法 从过去某一时间看将要发生的事情。 He said he would be here at eight o'clock.他说他将在8点到这里。 I was about to go to bed when there was a knock at the door.我正要睡觉这时有人敲门。 I thought it was going to rain.我当时觉得要下雨。 过去本打算做而未做的事情。 I was going to the party, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. 我本打算要参加聚会，但是我突然记起来我有作业要做。 知识点2 现在进行时、过去进行时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时 一、现在进行时 (1)表示说话时正在进行或表示现阶段正在进行的动作，虽然此时此刻该动作不一定正在进行。 —I hear you are working in a pub. What's it like? ——我听说你在酒吧工作。感觉怎么样？ —Well，it's very hard work and I'm always tired，but I don't mind. ——哦，工作很辛苦，我也总是很累，不过我不介意。 (2)表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，常用于go，come，leave，start，arrive，return，work，sleep，stay，have，wear，run out等动词。 Food supplies in the flood­stricken area are running out. We must act immediately before there's none left. 洪灾区的食物供给快要用完了。我们必须在食物吃完前马上行动。 二、过去进行时 (1)表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作，常同表示过去的时间状语从句以及at that time，at that moment，at this time yesterday，at ten o'clock yesterday等连用。 He must have sensed that I was looking at him. He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly，“Why are you staring at me like that？”他一定感觉到了我正在看他。他突然瞥了我一眼，轻轻地说：“你为什么那样盯着我看？” (2)表示过去的两个动作中持续进行的一个，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。 Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。 三、将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。其构成为：will/shall bee＋现在分词 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。 四、现在完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的构成 对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been＋现在分词。 二、现在完成进行时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? ——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？ —The new Star Wars. We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 知识点3 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 一、现在完成时 (1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态到说话时刚刚完成或结束，而对现在仍有影响。常用的时间状语：already，just，yet，never，before，lately，recently，in the last(past) few days/years，up to now，till now，so far等。 He has already received three similar invitations this week.本周他已经收到了三个相似的邀请。 In the past few years thousands of films have been produced all over the world. 在过去的几年里，全世界拍摄了数以千计的电影。 (2)表示从过去某时开始而延续至今(可能还要延续下去)的动作或状态。常用的时间状语：since＋时间点； for＋时间段等。 —I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? ——我记得你在大学时是一位极有才华的钢琴师。你能为我弹钢琴吗？ —Sorry，I haven't played the piano for years.——抱歉，我好多年没有弹钢琴了。 (3)在条件和时间状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时间前已完成的动作。 Will you come to my office when you have finished your work? 你完成工作后到我办公室来一下，好吗？ 二、过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，即过去的过去。句中一般有明确的表示“过去的过去”的时间状语(从句)。但在语法填空题中很多时候需要通过上下文来判断。 When walking down the street，I came across David，whom I hadn't seen for years. 沿街走路时，我偶然遇见了戴维，我们已经有好几年没见了。 (2)表示从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去的另一时间的动作或状态，常用的时间状语：before，by then，by that time，by the end of，by the time＋从句等。 By then he had learned English for 3 years.到那时，他已学了3年英语了。 Until then he had known nothing about it yet.到那时为止，他对此仍一无所知。 (3)表示“愿望、打算”的动词(如hope，want，expect，think，mean，suppose，plan，intend)用于过去完成时表示过去本打算实现而未实现的希望或计划。 I had intended to call on you yesterday，but I had an unexpected visitor. 昨天我本来打算去看你，但是来了一位不速之客。 3．常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time.我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 三、将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间”或 “by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为：will /shall +have ＋ 过去分词。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock，I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时，我将会写完文章了。 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 备注1： 其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think. 瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 备注2： 常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查时态的基本用法 1．It won’t be long before electric vehicles (become) the mainstream choice for most consumers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Artificial intelligence (transform) many aspects of our daily life, from how we drive to how we diagnose diseases. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．In the beginning, the park (mean) to be a quiet retreat for local residents. Now it’s packed with tourists every weekend. （所给词的适当形式填空） 4．While we (observe) the birds in the wetland, their behaviors were carefully recorded by our biology teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Sooner or later those dishonest people (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are truly free. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．The exchange student told us that she (teach) her classmates to make traditional cakes from her homeland during the coming cultural sharing festival. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．You’d better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he (have) an important meeting then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．This is the second time that she (set) foot on this wonderful land and her excitement is beyond words.（所给词的适当形式填空） 9．By the time the rescue team arrived, the missing hikers (endure) the harsh conditions for over 48 hours. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 10．In two days, it will be Christmas. Children all over the country (look) forward to this day for weeks. （用所给单词适当形式填空） 考向2 考查时态在具体情景中的特殊用法 1．He (learn) English for eight years by the time he graduates from the university next year.  (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．He (write) the composition the whole morning and he is still working. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Tu Youyou proved that great honor (come) with hardships while opportunities favour the prepared mind. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．For these couples of years, our school lift (witness) the lazy and brittle (脆的) students in long queues eagerly waiting, without the strong will to climb the stairs by themselves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The shy boy (plan) to drop out of school because of loneliness and sadness at the new place, but a small talk with the headmaster helped him out. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．I wasn’t sure whether the postman (deliver) me the package on time.(所给词的适当形式填空) 7．A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half (53%) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46%) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime we eating together, 74%, according to statistics from the report. (用适当的词填空) 8．For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．What I have learnt from this movie is that there will be some people whom I may only meet once in my life, but once we meet, I (spend) the rest of my life remembering them before the memory of love disappears.(所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Their strange but delightful interaction (prove) to be a pleasure to watch and I just cannot get enough of it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点二 动词语态 知●识●解●构 知识点1 被动语态的构成 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 知识点2 get +done构成被动的用法 get构成的表示被动语态的短语：get paid/lost/hur等 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 知识点3 主动表示被动意义 1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 2．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查被动语态的基本用法 1．As China grows stronger and stronger, Chinese (teach) in more and more schools out of our country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it will take a lifetime to see everything. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The large board in the corner had been replaced by a big screen, where customers’ comments on the month’s best-seller (display). (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．We went to the supermarket to do some shopping. only to be told that it （decorate）(所给词的适当形式填空) 5．When the air-conditioner (turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．The first clear images of the distant universe (send) back to Earth by the new space telescope last month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The topic which (discuss) at the meeting the day after tomorrow is related to environmental protection. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan (carry) out in the following two years. （所给词的适当形式填空） 9．All the preparations for the task (complete) since last week, and we are ready to start. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．This genetic influence (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考向2 考查语态在具体情景中的特殊用法 1．The church tower which (restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．He was not sure whether his thesis paper (approve) by the professor tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The children (warn) of the harm of the computer games, but still many of them got addicted to (沉迷于) them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．People (influence) to become technology addicted. One survey reported that “addicted” was the word most commonly used by people to describe their relationship to iPad and similar devices. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．When Tom entered the room, he found some students were looking at him and smiling weirdly. He was sure that he (laugh at ). （所给词的适当形式填空） 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题型1 动词时态语态在语法填空题中考查 例1 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） The study 3 (involve) 20 horses, who were initially rewarded with a treat for touching a piece of card with their noses. 例2（2025·上海浦东新·二模） In another study, researchers analyzed brain scans to see how writing about negative events affected the way such events 1 (process) and handled. They concluded that expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions and 2 writing about a past failure could improve learning. …… When you write with your audience in mind, you relate to them. Most importantly, you share something precious with loved ones. Think of how you felt the last time someone you cared about 5 (take) time to write you a heartfelt message. 例3（2025·上海嘉定·二模） Then, at last, they arrived. The vast, icy emptiness 9 (stretch) in every direction. Henson, moving quickly ahead, was the first to mark their achievement. When Peary arrived, they planted their flags, securing their place in history. The impossible 10 (conquer). 例4（2025·上海闵行·二模） For students 6 (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option 7 (organize) in three sections: 例5（2025·上海虹口·二模） Returning from studying abroad was like being hit by a wave of reality. The initial shock wasn’t in the customs or language differences I 1 (expect) abroad—it came when I stepped back into daily life in the U.S. ……. It felt disturbing, especially when I 6 (throw) into chaos after months of peace. 例6（2025·上海静安·二模） And some think it’s just a quick trend and might even be harmful if practiced incorrectly. “Physiologically, humans 9 (build) for biped (双足的) mobility instead of quadruped (四足的) mobility like animals,” 例7（2025·上海宝山·二模） One of the remarkable things about OpenAI’s Sora is that it can generate content in a variety of styles. When the project 6 (disclose) last February, OpenAI claimed that “Sora can generate videos up to a minute long while maintaining visual quality and according to the user's hint.” 例8（2025·上海杨浦·二模） At the time, the subway station was simply a proposal 7 (extend) Frankfurt’s subway system. Many of the local residents were concerned about the impact the construction and development 8 (have) on the community. 例9（2025·上海崇明·二模） Moo Deng lives at Khao Kheow Open Zoo, southeast of the Thai capital, Bangkok. Zoo worker Atthapon Nundee 2 (post) sweet moments of the animal's life for the past few months. During that time, the hippo has received widespread attention on social media. 例10（2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that 7 (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. 例11 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Sara Sami vividly recalls the first time she truly saw the stars. The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide 1 (search) for a spot in Saudi Arabia — a massive cliff overlooking a vast desert In November last year, another nature reserve, near the ancient oasis city of AlUla, 6 (name)the first-ever Dark Sky Park in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia joined 21 other countries on its list of certified Dark Sky Places, with the US and New Zealand 7 (top) the list. 例12（2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as getting to your feet to make a cup of tea, can make a surprisingly large difference to 3 calories you burn. “Breaking up motionless periods with brief walk greatly increases energy consumed daily and 4 (improve) health.” 例13（2025·上海青浦·二模） A concept I 5 (research) extensively, insinuation anxiety, is the discomfort we feel when signaling that someone might be wrong or untrustworthy. Rejecting advice directly can also risk social negative feedback. Giving yourself this space allows you to move from a reactive response to a thoughtful one. When I finally questioned the advice to “just be patient,” I realized it 9 (hold) me back. By taking proactive steps — seeking mentors outside of the workplace and pursuing my values — I started shaping my own career path, and you can do the same. 例14（2025·上海金山·二模） Stand-up comedy, originating in the United States, has gained global appeal, including in China. 1 the first Chinese stand-up comedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009, this form of entertainment was relatively unknown to most Chinese audiences. But the growing popularity of stand-up comedy in China 2 (demonstrate) that humor has no borders. Another two stand-up comedy industry leaders in China 3 (establish) in 2014 and 2017 respectively. 例15 （2025·上海长宁·二模） 3 Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats, a boy born into a poor family. Yelnats 4 (accuse) of a crime he didn’t commit. Sent to a prison camp in the desert, Yelnats must spend his days 5 (dig) holes amid poisonous snakes under the instruction of a strict prison officer. 6 Yelnats is told that this is to “build character”, he soon unearths a mystery buried deep beneath the ground. Sachar’s story of hardship 7 (inspire) book readers and film audiences for years. 例16（2025·上海普陀·二模） This genetic influence 4 (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. （2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Researchers (3)______ (study) social media habits for decades, and it turns out they'redriven by simple psychological rewards. The good news? These habits (7)______ (not set) in stone. Since they rely on learned connections, you can weaken them by changing your routine or limiting exposure (8)___to___ the reminders. Turning off notifications, moving apps out of easy reach, or doing something else instead can all help break the cycle. （2025~2026学年金山区二模） In the age of global economy and changing consumer tastes,these brands, carriers of China's business culture, (3)__________(face) gheat chances andchallenges. Many brands own special skills and secret recipes, which are valuable cultural heritage. Theywill be visually presented throughout the carnival. For example, Tongrentang's traditional Chinesemedicine processing techniques (5)__________ (demonstrate) on site. （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） By the 18th century, smallpox ____2____ (become) particularly deadly. One in five people who caught it died. It was particularly dangerous for children, so parents would be advised not to count their children unless they survived smallpox. It involved a person being given a controlled dose (剂量) of the disease. A tiny drop of pus (脓液) from the spots of someone with the disease ____6____ (collect). Then the live virus was put into a cut on the arm of the healthy person. （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） Her passion for Dunhuang ____1____ (inspire) by her father Chang Shuhong, often referred to as the pioneer of introducing Dunhuang art. In 1943, her father, then a promising artist who ____2____ (win) several medals in France, made up his mind to contribute to Dunhuang after reading about the cave art there. （2025~2026学年长宁区二模） Exercise is necessary for good health, but people in blue zones generally do not set aside time for exercise ___7___(plan) specifically for fitness, such as going to the gym. Instead, activity ___8___ (build) into daily life as they walk from place to place and do housework such as gardening and cleaning. Many families in blue zones live in homes where multiple generations reside together. This arrangement provides emotional and practical support for both the old and the young. And these communities are organized in a way that enables people ___9___ (find) social support beyond their biological family. In these tight-knit communities, the residents often look out for each other, which in turn ____10____ (strengthen) the social bonds that are essential for a long and healthy life. （2025~2026学年宝山区二模） On April 15, 2019, the people of Paris, France, were shocked to see the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral in flames. The cathedral ____1____ (stand) for hundreds of years, but the fire nearly destroyed it. Hundreds of firefighters fought to save the building, but the fire still did extensive damage. Since then, the building has been closed for repairs, but this Sunday, it ____2____ (schedule) to be open to the public once more. （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） In 2014, Dr. Kang Lee, a scientist at the University of Toronto in Canada who studies how young people’s brains work, ____3____ (propose) a different theory. Dr. Lee concluded that a lot of things we see in the world ____8____ (create) not by our sight but by our minds. （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） These artificial memory traces (2)_______ (standardize) to integrate seamlessly (无缝地) with the subject's authentic recollections. Patients underwent intensive cognitive therapy to distinguish between endogenous (内生的) and implanted memories, and their sense of self, guided by neural synchronization protocols (神经同步协议), (6) _______ (expand) to incorporate this new internal narrative. 题型2 动词时态语态在句子翻译中的运用 例1 （2025届上海市宜川中学高三下学期三模英语试题） 1．花展即将落幕，可以再种植的花卉何去何从？(happen) (汉译英) 例2（2025届上海市复兴高级中学高三下学期三模英语试题） 2．越是在快要成功的紧要关头，越是不能够掉以轻心。(afford) (汉译英) 例3【2025届上海市长宁区高三上学期一模英语试题】 3．北京烤鸭烤好时，香味让所有外国食客都垂涎三尺了。（by the time）（汉译英） 例4【2025届上海市延安中学高三下学期三模英语试题】4．中国传统文化的未来，必将是古老智慧与现代创新的相互交融，生生不息。 (hold) (汉译英) 例5【2025届上海市嘉定一中学高三下学期三模英语试题】 5．令她喜忧参半的是，她将成年独立，再无家荫庇护。（what）（汉译英） 例6【2025届上海市浦东新区高三下学期三模英语试题】 6．上周二，我在一家二手书店淘到了一本漫画书，虽略显陈旧，但插图生动、文字清晰，堪称物超所值。 (worth) (汉译英) 例7【2025届上海市奉贤中学高考三模英语试题】7．黄浦江东岸的璀璨光影将与滨江花海交相辉映，为市民呈现一幅融合科技与生态的城市画卷。(in harmony) （汉译英） 例8【2025届上海市格致中学高三下学期5月三模英语试卷】 8．已有40年历史的上海车展，见证了中国汽车工业从学习者到创新者的蜕变。(witness) (汉译英) 例9【2025届上海市宜川中学高三下学期三模英语试题】9．自3月启动以来，本项赛事吸引了500余名来自不同领域的选手踊跃报名，其中不乏留学生群体。（including）（汉译英） 例10【2025届上海市上海市静安区上海市风华中学高三下学期模拟预测英语试题】 10．在经过重新装修之后，这个曾经老旧的工厂摇身一变成了聚集各种时髦餐厅的“网红打卡点”。 (spot) (汉译英) 例11 【2025届上海市徐汇区区高三下学期二模英语试题】 11．该公司在人工智能领域的成就和影响力不容小觑。(field) （汉译英） 例12【2025届上海市普陀区区高三下学期二模英语试题】 12．如何让莘莘学子更好地适应未来生活，很多高中和大学都已将该问题提上日程。(how) (汉译英) 例13【2025届上海市静安区高三下学期二模英语试题】13．一些技术突破并非由科技巨头们推动，而是来自于普通人的奇思妙想。(drive) （汉译英） 例14【2025届上海市建平中学高三下学期三模考试英语试题】 14．外国游客被中国传统文化深深吸引，高效的高铁、方便的移动支付、智能机器人也让他们大开眼界、叹为观止。(appeal) (汉译英) 例15【2025届上海市青浦区区高三下学期二模英语试题】 15．听说那幅水墨画将被送去国外展览，市民在艺术馆的展厅前大排长龙，想在展品出国之前来欣赏一下。(It) (汉译英) （2025~2026学年徐汇区二模） 52. 应该让孩子们知道谁才是他们该追的星。(should) （2025~2026学年虹口区二模） 54. 越来越多咖啡店推出自带杯优惠，咖啡爱好者每月都能省下一笔不小的开销。（discount）(汉译英) （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） 52. 当饮食中的纤维比例失调时，营养就会受损。(proportion) (汉译英) （2025~2026学年静安区二模） 53. 所有新药必须接受严格检测，未经批准不得发布。（release）(汉译英) （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） 53. 这项法规将于下个月生效，在一定程度上会确保个人信息在网络上的安全。(effect) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 52. 每天做点洗碗之类的家务活对培养耐心很管用。(effect) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ （2025~2026学年金山区二模） 54. 当下人工智能蓬勃发展，因此理性运用技术、防范潜在风险至关重要。(boom) __________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $