专题08 定语从句（复习讲义）（上海专用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦定语从句专题，涵盖限制性与非限制性定语从句、“介词+关系代词”等核心考点，按“知识解构-考向破译”逻辑梳理关系代词/副词用法及语境应用规则。通过考点精讲构建系统知识框架，结合方法指导（如抽象地点用where判定）和真题训练（上海近年高考题），帮助学生突破难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 讲义以思维建模搭建知识脉络，设计分层考向训练（如关系代词基础填空与as/which辨析），注重语言能力（翻译中高级句式运用）和思维品质（解题范式归纳）的培养。例如在“介词+关系代词”考点中，通过动词搭配判定介词的策略，助力学生高效掌握，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支持。

专题08 定语从句 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 限制性定语从句 知识解构 知识点 1 关系代词 that/which/who/whose 用法 知识点 2 关系副词 where/when/why 使用场景 考向破译 考向 1 指人 / 指物基础关系词填空 考向 02 抽象地点先行词 case/situation 用 where 判定 考点二 非限制性定语从句 知识解构 知识点 1 逗号隔开非限定从句禁用 that 规则 知识点 2 which 指代整句话用法 知识点 3 as 引导非限定固定搭配 考向破译 考向 01 有无逗号区分 that/which 选用 考向 02 as 与 which 指代主句内容辨析 考点三 介词 + 关系代词结构 知识解构 知识点 1 介词由先行词 / 从句动词搭配判定 知识点 2 “名词 + 介词 + which” 替代 whose 句式 知识点 3 复杂多介词搭配固定组合 考向破译 考向 01 空格前介词匹配关系代词填空 考向 02 翻译中介词前置定语高级句式运用 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）考查关系代词用法； （2）考查关系副词用法； （3）考查非限制定语从句用法 （4）考查“介词+关系代词”用法 （5）在具体语境中尤其句子翻译对定语从句的理解和运用。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2025上海高考】One morning, Sally Dalton, a speechwriter, was walking down a path when she heard the bark of a dog. She thought nothing of it until she came upon a baby hare ____1____ seemed to be struggling. 【答案】1. that##which 考查定语从句。句意：她什么也没想，直到她看到一只似乎在挣扎的小野兔。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a baby hare（指动物），先行词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that 或 which引导。故填that/which。 【2023上海春考】Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。 考情分析： 考查形式：主要在语法填空中与句子翻译中考查，要求考生根据句子结构和语境，填入适当的关系词或句子翻译。 考点分布：近年来，上海高考英语对定语从句的考查涵盖了关系代词和关系副词的各种用法。如 2023 年上海秋考考查了 as 引导的非限制性定语从句和 where 引导的非限制性定语从句；2023 年上海春考考查了 who/that 引导的限制性定语从句；2022 年上海秋考考查了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；2022 年上海春考考查了 where 引导的定语从句。 复习目标： 1.语法知识系统化：全面、系统地掌握定语从句的基本概念、关系词的用法、定语从句的类型等知识，形成完整的知识体系，能够准确判断和分析各种定语从句。 2.解题能力提升：通过专项练习和真题训练，提高在语法填空等题型中准确运用定语从句知识解题的能力，能够快速、准确地根据先行词和从句的成分选择合适的关系词。 3.翻译与写作应用自如：在书面表达中，能够熟练、恰当地运用定语从句来丰富句子结构，提升表达的准确性和流畅性，增强文章的表现力。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 限制性定语从句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 要点01 关系代词that典型用法 1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none等不定代词时。 I've done everything that I can to help you. 我已尽我所能帮助你。 2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book that I bought with my own money.这是我用自己钱买的第一本书。 She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.她是我见过最美的女孩。 3.先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。 He is the only person that can solve this problem. 他是唯一能解决这个问题的人。 This is the very house that I grew up in. 这正是我长大的房子。 4.先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。 They talked about the people and things that they remembered. 他们谈论了记得的人和事。 5.主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。 Who is the man that is standing over there? 站在那边的人是谁？ Which is the book that you want? 哪本是你想要的书？ 7.当先行词是the way在句中作方式状语时，后面用that或者in which或者省略that。 The way in which he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。 The way (that) he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。 6.【警告】注意关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 The book (that) I read last night was fascinating. 我昨晚读的书很精彩。 7.【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。 He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.他又迟到了，这次这让他的老师非常生气。 要点02关系代词which典型用法 1.引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 You should select the option which best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。 2.引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔）先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。 The book, which I read last night, is extremely captivating. 我昨晚读的那本书特别吸引人。 She resigned from her job, which was quite unexpected. 她辞去了工作，这十分出人意料。 3.用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。 The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。 要点03关系代词who, whom, whose典型用法 1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及Those who…句型。 She is the girl who/that won the first prize in the competition.她就是在比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩。 Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚。 Those who love reading often have rich inner worlds.热爱阅读的人往往有丰富的内心世界。 2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。作宾语，可以省略。 The girl whom you saw at the party is a famous singer.（whom引导限制性定语从句） 你在派对上看到的那个女孩是位著名歌手。 The author, whom the students admire, gave a speech.（whom引导非限制性定语从句） 那位受学生钦佩的作家做了演讲。 3.whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who不能。 This is the professor from whom I learned a lot.这就是我从他身上学到很多东西的教授。 4. whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？ I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。 →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 要点04关系代词as的典型用法 1. as引导限制性定语从句的用法 as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语或表语，as不可省略，用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。 Don’t trust such people as praise you to your face.不要相信当面表扬你的这种人。 They have never read so many books as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。 ★易错提醒1：the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典） He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩） ★易错提醒2：so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的，前面的that只起引导作用，不作成分。) She is such a kind girl as many students like. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语，前面的as代替先行词girl，作宾语。) 2. as引导非限制性定语从句的用法 as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从；as从句位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……；从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。 Taiwan, as is known to all, belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中） She has married again, as was expected. 不出所料，她又结婚了。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末） As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。 （as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首） 知识点2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 关系副词when, where, why典型用法 1. when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。其先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year；还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。 Do you remember the day when we first met? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？（定语从句是主谓结构，不缺少宾语） There are occasions when one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。（先行词occasions是典型时间名词） ★易错提醒： 当 time 表示“次数”时，用 that 引导从句（可省略）；当 time 表示“时间”时，用 when 引导从句。 This is the first time that I’ve heard this song. I’ll never forget the time when we worked together in the village. 2. where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。其先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre；还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等（热点，须牢记）。 This is the hospital where my sister used to work. (the hospital是先行词，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语。) The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here. 我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。（定语从句是主谓宾结构，不缺少宾语） There are many cases where this rule doesn’t apply. 在许多情况下，这条规则不适用。（先行词cases是抽象地点） 3. why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词，则应用关系代词。 The reason why he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。（关系词在从句中作状语） The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。（关系词在从句中作宾语） 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查关系代词用法 1．Digitalization has made cultural heritage more accessible to the public, particularly to people living in rural areas would otherwise be unable to visit these sites in person. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】句意：数字化使文化遗产更加易于公众接触，特别是对居住在农村地区的人们而言，他们原本无法亲自前往这些场所。空处引导定语从句，先行词是rural areas，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who/that。 2．Keeping seniors close to their original communities helps preserve their routines and interests once brought them joy and well-being at home. ((用适当的词填空)) 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：让老年人留在他们原来的社区附近，有助于保持他们的日常生活和兴趣，而这些日常生活和兴趣曾经给他们在家中带来快乐和幸福。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为routines and interests，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导该从句。 3．Including To Abei, a children’s novel inspiration comes from China’s Li ethnic traditions, more than 2,500 Chinese children’s books were on display. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：包括《永远的阿贝》（这是一部以中国黎族传统为灵感来源的儿童小说）在内，超过2500本中国儿童读物在展览中展出。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a children’s novel，先行词指物，在从句中作定语，和inspiration之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。 4．The school organized so meaningful an activity left a deep impression on all the students. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这所学校组织了一场意义非凡的活动，给所有学生都留下了深刻的印象。空处引导限制性定语从句， 先行词activity被so meaningful修饰，且从句缺少主语，应用关系代词as引导。故填as。 5．Dali is such a cozy destination for backpackers has been nicknamed Dalifornia. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：大理是背包客的温馨之地，被戏称为“大理弗尼亚”。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a cozy destination，关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前有such修饰，所以用关系代词as引导定语从句。故填as。 6．During the recent investigation, the archaeologists found something fascinating completely challenged their understanding of the ancient dynasty. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在最近的调查中，考古学家发现了一些令人着迷的东西，这完全颠覆了他们对这个古代王朝的认知。 设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是不定代词something，关系词在从句中作主语，只能用that引导从句。 故填that。 7．The celebrated architect, innovative designs young creators deeply admire, has just won the prestigious award. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位著名的建筑师刚刚获得了这一著名奖项，他的创新设计深受年轻创作者的钦佩。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少定语，修饰先行词architect，表示所属关系，因此需要关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 8．The only decision really matters is how you choose to spend your time each day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：唯一真正重要的决定就是你每天如何安排自己的时间。定语从句修饰先行词decision，在从句作主语，且由the only修饰，只能用that引导。故填that。 9．The scholar, based on theory many teaching methods are designed, passed away. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：这位学者去世了，很多教学方法都是基于他的理论设计的。“____ theory many teaching methods are designed”是定语从句，先行词是The scholar，从句中theory与先行词是所属关系，即学者的理论，所以用关系代词whose，在从句中作定语。故填whose。 10．The researcher led the experiment insisted that all data be checked twice before publication. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：主导这项实验的研究人员坚持要求所有数据在发表前都要核对两遍。空格处引导定语从句，修饰先行词The researcher，指人，且在从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。 11．There is a festival customs bridge different cultures and promote mutual understanding. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有这样一个节日，其习俗搭建起了不同文化间沟通的桥梁，促进了相互理解。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a festival，与从句中的customs构成所属关系，即“节日的习俗”，需用关系代词whose作定语修饰customs。故填whose。 12．Those are obsessed with (痴迷于) cosmetic surgeries may be negatively affected by the social beauty obsession. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那些热衷于进行美容手术的人可能会受到社会对美貌的狂热追求所带来的负面影响。定语从句修饰先行词those，在从句作主语，指人，所以使用关系代词who。故填who。 13．I struggled to the door and tried to pull it open, but the force of the water wouldn’t let me do so. I looked around and grabbed a broom was floating behind me. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我挣扎着走到门边，想把它拉开，但水的力量不让我这么做。我环顾四周，抓住了漂浮在我身后的一把扫帚。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是broom，指物，关系词在从句作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that或which。 14．Sometimes, the parents complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有时候，抱怨屏幕在家庭生活中扮演的角色的父母也会因为花太多时间在屏幕前而感到内疚。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是parents，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或who引导。故填that/who。 15．A music video goes along with the song shows the baby hippo bouncing around, playing with her keeper, or spending time with her mother, Jona. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：与这首歌配套的音乐视频展示了小河马蹦蹦跳跳、与饲养员玩耍或与妈妈Jona相处的温馨画面。空处引导定语从句，先行词为A music video，指物，且关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填that/which。 考向2 考查关系副词用法 1．In the era of social media, the precise moment a viral trend peaks and begins to fade is incredibly difficult to identify. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在社交媒体时代，一个迅速走红的潮流达到顶峰并开始消退的确切时刻很难确定。此处先行词为定语从句，先行词moment表示时间，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用关系副词when。故填when。 2．The team has reached a critical point in their research a single experiment could determine their ultimate success or failure. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该团队的研究已到了关键时刻，在这个阶段，一项实验就能决定他们最终的成败。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词a critical point，表示抽象地点，关系词在定语从句中充当地点状语，需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 3．What I want to know is the reason stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】why 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我想知道的是，为什么在新英格兰的田地周围用石头墙而不是篱笆呢?分析句子结构可知，空处需用关系词引导定语从句，先行词是reason，指原因，关系词在定语从句中作原因状语，所以空处需用关系副词why引导定语从句。故填why。 4．The joke about her accent can amount to an occasion she no longer dares to speak. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where/on which 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：关于她口音的那个玩笑，可能会让她陷入一种再也不敢开口的境地。空处引导定语从句，先行词为occasion（场合，处境），表示抽象地点概念。从句中缺少地点状语，故需用关系副词where或“介词+关系代词”引导。where在此相当于on which，其中which指代先行词occasion，常与介词on搭配，表示“在某种场合或处境下”。故填where/on which。 5．For some people, tourism is regarded as travel to certain places the unique plants and animals are the main attractions. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：对一些人来说，旅游被视为前往某些地方的旅行，在这些地方独特的动植物是主要的吸引力。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“certain places”，指地点，在从句中作地点状语，需用关系副词where。故填where。 6．The slowdown of breathing rates helps frogs to save energy in long winters it is difficult to find food. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：呼吸频率的减慢有助于青蛙在食物难以寻觅的漫长冬季节省能量。空处引导定语从句，先行词为“long winters”，指时间，在从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when。故填when。 7．The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) they were challenged to a ball game. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这对兄弟因吵闹的玩耍而惹恼了冥界的神灵，他们被诱骗下到冥界的西巴尔巴，在那里他们接受了一场球类比赛的挑战。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是Xibalba，指代in Xibalba在从句中作状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 8．In today’s digital world most communication is electronic, writing heartfelt thank-you notes enhances emotional intelligence and strengthens relationships. It makes your workplace or home better. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在当今数字世界中，大多数通信都是电子化的，而写发自内心的感谢信能增强情商并加强人际关系。它能让你的工作场所或家庭变得更好。“____most communication is electronic”为定语从句，修饰先行词world，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 9．The Mid-Autumn Festival is a special holiday the whole Chinese family are supposed to get together and enjoy each other’s company(用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：中秋节是一个特殊的节日，在这天整个中国家庭都应该团聚，享受彼此的陪伴。分析句子结构可知，这里考查定语从句，先行词为a special holiday，在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 10．I can remember very few occasions our English teacher had to sit down to give us the lecture.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我记得英语老师不得不坐下来给我们讲课的时候很少。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词occasions，表时间，关系词代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，故填when。 11．It was an exciting moment Eileen Gu won the gold medal in freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics in Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当谷爱凌在北京冬奥会自由式滑雪比赛中获得金牌时，那是一个激动人心的时刻。空处引导定语从句，先行词an exciting moment，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用关系副词when引导。故填when。 12．We hold the unfortunate honor of being a major city more pedestrians are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句引导词。句意：我们很遗憾地成为一个在人行横道上被撞的行人几乎比全国任何其他城市都多的大城市。“______more pedestrian are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a major city，关系词将其代入从句中作地点状语，表示“在这个城市里”，用关系副词where引导该定语从句。故填where。 13．I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我能想到很多情况，学生显然知道很多英语单词和表达，但写不出一篇好文章。该空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是cases，为抽象的地点名词，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where。故填where。 14．The reason we organize monthly garbage-sorting lectures is many students still don’t know how to classify waste properly. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】 why that 【详解】句意：我们组织每月垃圾分类讲座的原因是许多学生仍然不知道如何正确分类垃圾。“______ we organize monthly garbage-sorting lectures”为定语从句，先行词为the reason，关系词在从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why引导。“______ many students still don’t know how to classify waste properly”为表语从句，从句中不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。 15．The fans of the virtual influencer Angie appreciate her imperfections in an era plastic surgery is rising and beauty app filters beautify users’ every photo. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when/in which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在这个整形手术兴起、美容应用滤镜美化用户每张照片的时代，网红Angie的粉丝们欣赏她的不完美。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，定语从句中缺少状语，所以引导词应该用关系副词或介词+关系代词，因为本从句的先行词为era(时代)，表时间，故填when/in which。 考点二 非限制性定语从句及“介词+关系代词”用法 知●识●解●构 知识点1 非限制定语从句定义及用法 1.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。） 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。） 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。） 知识点2 “介词+关系代词“引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 I'll never forget the day on which we moved to our house.（先行词the day指物，关系代词用which） This is the teacher to whom I’m grateful. （先行词the teacher指人，关系代词用whom） September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 考●向●破●译 考向1 非限制性定语从句 1．Wu Yize, won the World Snooker Championship final, has set a new benchmark for young Chinese players. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】who 【详解】句意：吴宜泽赢得了世界斯诺克锦标赛决赛冠军，他为年轻的中国选手树立了新的标杆。“______ won the World Snooker Championship final”为定语从句，先行词是Wu Yize，指人，且关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who引导。 2．This old museum, collection includes many ancient paintings, attracts thousands of visitors yearly. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：这座藏品中有许多古画的古老博物馆，每年都吸引着成千上万的游客。此空考查定语从句关系代词，先行词museum与collection为所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导从句。 3．Plates moving underground can cause an earthquake, is a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】句意：地下板块移动会引发地震，地震是地球表面突发的震动。逗号后是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词an earthquake，指物，从句本身缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导。 4．There is more than sufficient food for everyone, 40% of is unfortunately, wasted every day. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】句意：每个人都有足够多的食物，不幸的是，每天都有40%的食物被浪费。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词food指物，空处作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 5．Besides vast rural farmlands lies advanced modern equipment for precision farming, works efficiently as long as we make full use of digital technology. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】句意：广袤农田旁矗立着精准农业的先进现代化设备，只要充分运用数字技术，这些设备就能高效运转。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词advanced modern equipment，在从句作主语，指物，故用which。 6．Among those honored are figures from Bert’s own life, including his longtime housekeeper, a carpenter, and strawberry pickers in Oxnard, stories are brought to life through AR. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：在受表彰的人中，有来自伯特生活中的人物，包括他长期的女管家、一名木匠以及奥克斯纳德的草莓采摘者，他们的故事通过AR技术变得栩栩如生。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为figures，指人，在从句中作定语，修饰stories，表示“他们的故事”，所以用关系代词whose引导该从句。 7．The villagers have planted many trees on the hillside, will help prevent future landslides. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】句意：村民们在山坡上种下了许多树木，这将有助于防止未来发生山体滑坡。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对前面的句子进行补充说明，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which作引导词。 8． the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” (用适当的词填空) 【答案】As 【详解】句意：正如中国哲学家老子所写，千里之行，始于足下。此处为关系词引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词，结合句意，此处表示“正如、正像”，指代后面整句话内容，使用关系代词as，位于句首，首字母需大写。 9．In addition to its practical uses, Dujiangyan is also a popular tourist attraction, visitors come to admire the ancient architecture and learn about its history. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：除了实际用途外，都江堰还是一个受欢迎的旅游景点，游客可以在这里欣赏古代建筑并了解其历史。空处引导非限制性定语从句， 先行词a popular tourist attraction表地点，从句中缺少地点状语，此处表示“在都江堰这个景点”，用关系副词where。 10．All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too, and there are Chinese tea stores, visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】句意：各种各样的传统中国草药也可以被找到；有许多中国茶馆，在那里游客可以品尝和购买各种中国茶。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Chinese tea stores，空处在从句中作地点状语，应用where引导。 11．Qingming usually falls in early April, the weather starts to get warm and the trees turn green. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】句意：清明节通常在四月初，此时天气开始变暖，树木变绿。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为表时间的名词early April，且在从句中作时间状语。关系副词when可指代时间并在从句中作时间状语。 12．The unexpected popularity has created an atmosphere, the integration of traditional culture and modern popular culture becomes a talking point. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这种出乎意料的受欢迎程度营造出了一种氛围，在这种氛围中，传统文化与现代流行文化的融合成为了人们热议的话题。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是atmosphere，表示抽象的地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故填where。 13．The most intense moment came, Wang had only 31 minutes to transfer (换乘) from Beijing West Station to Beijing South Station by subway. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最紧张的时刻到来了——王只有31分钟时间从北京西站乘地铁换乘到北京南站。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the most intense moment，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。 14．It serves as an international hub for badminton manufacturing, over 100,000 shuttlecocks are produced and sold globally daily. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它是羽毛球制造的国际中心，每天生产和全球销售的羽毛球超过10万只。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“an international hub for badminton manufacturing”，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 15．The modern style emerged in the 1980s and onward, the Qipao was reinvented by designers and artists who adopted new materials, patterns and cuts. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：现代风格兴起于20世纪80年代及以后，在这一时期，设计师和艺术家重新设计了旗袍，采用了新的材料、图案和剪裁。根据先行词the 1980s and onward以及定语从句中缺少时间状语(during the 1980s and onward)可知，此处应用关系副词when引导非限制性定语从句。故填when。 考向2 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．The research group includes 15 experts, of five have over 20 years of experience in AI. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该研究小组共有15名专家，其中5位拥有超过 20 年的人工智能领域工作经验。空处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为experts，表示人，作介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 2．I spoke to two parents, both moved their kids to home schooling after primary school. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】 of whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我和两位家长谈过，他们俩都在孩子小学毕业后把孩子转到了家里接受教育。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是two parents，指人，表示“两者都”，both of，关系词代替先行词在定语从句作of的宾语，用whom。故填of whom。 3．Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by time 221 people had become seriously ill. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：科学家们最早在1976年7月认识到这个问题，到那时为止，已经有221人患上严重的疾病。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是July 1976，在定语从句中作时间状语，需用“介词by+关系代词which”引导，表示“到那时为止”。故填which。 4．She had to attend to her sick mother, for sake she gave up the promising job offer in another city. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她不得不照顾生病的母亲，正是为了母亲的缘故，她才放弃了在另一座城市那份前途光明的工作机会。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词mother，在从句中作定语，修饰名词sake，表示“为了母亲的缘故”，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 5．After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：几个月后，瑞安筹集了2000美元，用这笔钱在乌干达的一所小学附近建造了一口井。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词the $2,000。先行词指物，在从句中作介词的宾语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 6．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从。句意：1961 年联合国决定建立世界粮食计划署，其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。此处为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，且设空处在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词purposes，应该用关系代词whose引导。故填 whose。 7．Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most of are his classmates. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：彼得邀请了30多人来参加他的生日聚会，其中大部分是他的同学。分析句子，设空处与前文of构成介词+关系代词的结构引导定语从句，引导词指代前文的30 people，为人。故填whom。 8．Some think of the office as the new offsite, the purpose of is to get people together so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or cooperating in real time on specific projects.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：有些人认为办公室是新的异地办公场所，其目的是让人们聚在一起，做远程办公难以做到的事情：建立更深层次的关系或在特定项目上实时合作。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词offsite是物，因此空格处是which，故填which。 9．She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of had taken more than three years.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】which 【详解】考查介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。句意：她带游客参观了博物馆，建设这个博物馆花了三年多的时间。分析可知，逗号后的内容为非限制性定语从句，设空处指先行词the museum且做介词of的宾语，所以应使用关系代词which，故填which。 10．We employed a foreigner as our coach, for life here in China was totally different. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们雇了一个外国人当教练，对他来说在中国的生活完全不同。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词a foreigner，指人，在定语从句中作介词for的宾语，需用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 11．When I looked through the window I saw a girl the beauty took my breath away. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】 of whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当我从窗户往外看时，我看到了一个女孩，她的美丽让我叹为观止。表示所属关系时，介词应用of，the beauty of a girl“一个女孩的美丽”；先行词是a girl，在定语从句中作介词of的宾语，且置于介词之后，只能用关系代词whom引导。故填of whom。 12．Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of have never before been published. （用适当的词填空） 【答案】which 【详解】考查关系代词。句意：Frank Hurley是一位自信的，有天赋的澳大利亚摄影师。他了解南极，他曾被雇佣来制作图像，其中的大部分图像以前从未出版过。空格处是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 images,因此空格处填which。 13．When an automobile has passed all the tests, it can get a government certificate, without it is illegal to drive. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：当一辆汽车通过了所有的测试，它就可以获得政府的认证，没有认证，开车是违法的。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是a government certificate，指物，在从句中作介词without的宾语，用关系代词which。故填which。 14．Finally, I ended up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, two of stopped playing football completely. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：最后，我离开了足球队。另外四个女孩也这样做，其中两个完全停止踢足球。此处是“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词是Four other girls，指人，在从句中做介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 15．Aristotle considers human nature , habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education , the ultimate aim should be to produce good and virtuous citizens.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】 of which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：亚里士多德认为人性、习惯和理性是教育中培养的同样重要的力量，其最终目的应该是培养善良的公民。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代整个主句，从句中与从句主语the ultimate aim是所属关系，作介词of的宾语，故用关系代词which，故填of which。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题型1 定语从句在语法填空题中考查 例1 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） Researchers at Nottingham Trent University made a game for horses 1 they had to touch a piece of card with their noses to get a treat. They made it progressively harder, and discovered that the horses all changed their strategies in the most difficult stage 2 (ensure) they would continue getting treats. 【答案】1．where 1．考查定语从句。句意：诺丁汉特伦特大学的研究人员为马设计了一个游戏，在这个游戏中它们必须用鼻子触碰一张卡片才能得到食物奖励。“a game for horses” 是先行词，设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词。从句 “they had to touch a piece of card with their noses to get a treat” 结构完整，缺少表示地点的状语，即 “在这个游戏里”，where 在定语从句中作地点状语，符合语境。故填 where。 例2（2025·上海浦东新·二模） In today’s digital world 10 most communication is electronic, writing heartfelt thank-you notes enhances emotional intelligence and strengthens relationships. It makes your workplace or home better. 【答案】 10．where 10．考查定语从句。句意：在当今大多数交流都是电子形式的数字世界里，写衷心的感谢信能提高情商并加强人际关系。修饰先行词 “digital world”，在从句中作地点状语，表示 “在这个数字世界里”。用关系副词where。故填 where。 例3（2025·上海嘉定·二模） Their leader, Robert E. Peary, captured the historic moment in photographs as his team proudly held up their flags. Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer 1 skills had been vital to their success. 【答案】1．whose 1．考查定语从句。句意：在他们当中有 Matthew Henson，一位经验丰富的探险家，他的技能对他们的成功至关重要。“ 1 skills had been vital to their success” 是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 “Matthew Henson”，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰 “skills”，表示 “他的技能”，所以用关系代词 “whose”。故填 whose。 例4（2025·上海闵行·二模） It’s a program created and run by Boston University, 3 high school students:● Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who 4 (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. 【答案】3．where 3．考查定语从句。句意：这是一个由波士顿大学为高中生创建和运营的项目。空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a program，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。 例5（2025·上海静安·二模） McCarthy 6 interviews can now be found everywhere online claims that crunning is a more complete workout because it includes the upper body as well. ‌“It really works your legs and shoulders at the same time,” he said, 7 (add) that the sport burned more calories as well. 【答案】 6．whose 6．考查定语从句。句意：现在在网上随处都能找到麦卡锡接受采访的内容，他声称爬跑是更全面的锻炼，因为它也锻炼到了上半身。“____ interviews can now be found everywhere online”是定语从句，修饰先行词McCarthy，关系词将其代入从句中作定语，修饰interviews，用表示所属关系的关系代词whose引导该定语从句。故填whose。 例6（2025·上海宝山·二模） The tool makes use of what are known as “visual patches (补丁)”, building blocks of data 3 help the AI to understand how everything in the scene should interact and progress, frame by frame. 【答案】3．that/which 3．考查定语从句。句意：该工具利用了所谓的“视觉补丁”，这些是数据的基本构建模块，能够帮助人工智能逐帧理解场景中所有元素之间的相互作用以及如何发展。空格处引导定语从句，对先行词blocks of data进行限定说明，从句中缺少主语，所以应该用关系代词that或which代替先行词在从句中作主语。故填that/which。 例7（2025·上海杨浦·二模） In addition to his love for abstract art, Pininski also had another reason 6 accounted for his motivation to build such a unique subway entrance. 【答案】 6．that/which 6．考查定语从句。句意：除了对抽象艺术的热爱之外，Pininski打造这样一个独特的地铁站入口还有另外一个原因。空处为定语从句的关系词；先行词为reason，指物，在定语从句中担当主语，用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 例8（2025·上海崇明·二模） A music video 7 goes along with the song shows the baby hippo bouncing around, playing with her keeper, or spending time with her mother, Jona. 【答案】7．that/which 7．考查定语从句。句意：与这首歌配套的音乐视频展示了小河马蹦蹦跳跳、与饲养员玩耍或与妈妈Jona相处的温馨画面。空处引导定语从句，先行词A music video，指物，需用关系代词which/that引导。故填which/that。 例9（2025·上海黄浦·二模） Avoidance can allow the intensity of a negative experience 3 (decrease). It can also provide distance 4 helps us see the experience from a broader perspective. 【答案】 4．that/which 4．考查定语从句。句意：它还可以提供距离，帮助我们从更广阔的角度看待经历。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词distance是距离，因此空格处用关系代词that/which，故填that/which。 例10（2025·上海奉贤·二模） She seeks out places with undisturbed darkness, far from towns and cities, 4 she can see the Milky Way. It was literally in the middle of a desert: there was an abandoned village with broken houses. 【答案】 4．where 4．考查定语从句。句意：她寻找远离城镇、黑暗不受干扰的地方，在那里她可以看到银河。此处非限制性定语从句修饰先行词places，在从句作地点状语，故填where。 例11 （2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as getting to your feet to make a cup of tea, can make a surprisingly large difference to 3 ________ calories you burn. 【答案】 2．who 2．考查定语从句。句意：这项研究的负责人、米兰大学教授弗朗西斯科·卢西亚诺博士表示，主要的信息应该是，短暂的体育活动，比如站起来泡杯茶，会对你燃烧的卡路里数量产生惊人的巨大影响。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词Dr Francesco Luciano指人，且从句中缺少主语，因此使用关系代词who在从句中作主语。故填who。 例12（2025·上海青浦·二模） Remember, you bring your own knowledge and experience to the table. If advice conflicts with your better judgment, trust yourself to make the call. Research shows that people feel more, not less, guilty when they follow advice 10 they know is wrong and a bad outcome occurs. 【答案】10．that/which 10．考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，当人们听从他们知道是错误的建议并且出现不良后果时，他们会感到更内疚，而不是更少。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词advice，指物，且在从句中作主语，故填that/which。 例13（2025·上海金山·二模） According to him, the comedy matches modern online trends. Comedians often talk about current social issues in short and direct ways, 5 fits well with the fast-paced, short videos people enjoy online. 【答案】 5．which 5．考查定语从句。句意：喜剧演员经常以简短直接的方式谈论当前的社会问题，这很符合人们在网上喜欢的快节奏短视频。“____ fits well with the fast paced, short videos people enjoy online”是非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 例14（2025·上海长宁·二模） Then, in 2018, the Nottingham Playhouse Theatre Company created a stage show that was motivated by both the book and the Hollywood film. Now, that show, 2 was a huge success when it first came out, is coming back to the stage and will be going on a tour across England. 【答案】2．which 2．考查定语从句。句意：现在，那部首次上演就取得巨大成功的剧目将重返舞台，并将在英国各地进行巡演。空处应填关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“that show”，指物，且在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词“which”引导。故填which。 例15（2025·上海普陀·二模） Using data collected by TwinsUK, the most detailed and extensive twin study ever 1 (carry) out, the team compared the genetic heritability of two types of trait — how strongly a person feels connected to nature, and the amount of time 2 they spend in nature — in more than 1,000 sets of twins. 【答案】 2．that/which 2．考查定语从句。句意：利用TwinsUK收集的数据，这是有史以来进行的最详细、最广泛的双胞胎研究，该团队比较了1000多对双胞胎中两种特征的遗传率——一个人与自然的联系有多紧密，以及他们在大自然中度过的时间有多长。“_____ they spend in nature”是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the amount of time，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。故填that/which。 例16（2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） The Consumer Electronics Show CES, which took place between 7 and 10 January, gave the world a fascinating look at the technology of the future. The event is held annually and gives companies the chance to show off cutting-edge gadgets and extraordinary machines, some of ____1____ are already in shops. 【答案】1. which 考查定语从句。句意：该展会每年举办一次，为各公司提供了展示前沿产品和非凡设备的机会，其中一些产品已经上市销售。该空需要一个关系词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面名词gadgets and extraordinary machines，并指代先行词在从句中作介词of的宾语，先行词为表示事物的名词，应填which。故填which。 例17（2025~2026学年普陀区二模） Dr Lee scanned the people’s brains while showing them a series of grainy images, some of ____5____ contained hidden faces. 【答案】 5. which 【5题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：李博士给受试者观看一系列模糊图像，其中一些隐藏着人脸，同时扫描他们的大脑。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词images指物，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以用关系代词which。故填which。 例18（2025~2026学年长宁区二模） Dan Buettner’s book The Blue Zones introduced the concept of blue zones — five regions spread out across three continents ___2___ people live unusually long and healthy lives. 【答案】 2. where 【2题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：丹·布特纳的书《蓝色地带》介绍了蓝色地带的概念——分布在三大洲的五个地区，那里的人们过着异常长寿和健康的生活。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词five regions，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 例19（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） In the 1760s, inoculation wasn’t a common practice in Russia, a land ____8____ there was “enormous distrust” against it. Catherine made the brave decision to experiment with treatment first. 【答案】 8. where 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在18世纪60年代，接种在俄罗斯并不常见，那里的人们对接种“极度不信任”。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是land，在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 例20（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Studies have shown that cleaning has a healing effect, as seen by the new generation of “cleanfluencers” ____8____ are taking social media by storm. 【答案】8. who##that 【8题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：研究表明，清洁具有治愈作用，这一点从那些在社交媒体上风靡一时的“清洁达人”身上就可见一斑。定语从句修饰先行词cleanfluencers，在从句作主语，指人。故填who/that。 例21（2025~2026学年松江区二模） Therefore, there is necessity for us to understand the science behind focus and recognize the verystrategies (2)__________can make a substantial difference. 【答案】 2. that/which 【2题详解】 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：因此，我们有必要了解专注背后的科学，并认识到那些能产生实质性影响的策略。分析句子结构，空白处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the very strategies”。从句中缺少主语，指代“strategies”（物），因此需用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 例22（2025~2026学年金山区二模） Manytime-honored tea' houses have developed innovative drinks, and the carnival provides a perfectplatform (9) ______these new concepts can be tested and accepted by the public. 【答案】9. where 【9题详解】 考查定语从句关系副词。句意：许多老字号茶馆已经开发了创新饮品，而嘉年华为这些新概念提供了一个可以被公众测试和接受的完美平台。分析句子结构，“______ these new concepts can be tested and accepted by the public”是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“a perfect platform”。从句中主谓宾结构完整，但缺少地点状语，意为“在这个平台上”，因此需用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 例23（2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Apps (4)______most users create profiles and interactwith others provide rewards that encourage them to return. 【答案】 4. where 【4题详解】 考查定语从句关系副词。句意：大多数用户创建个人资料并相互互动的应用软件会提供奖励，鼓励他们回来。分析句子结构，空白处引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词“Apps”。从句中主谓宾齐全（most users是主语，create和interact是并列谓语），缺少地点状语，意为“在……的应用软件里”。因此需用关系副词where引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 例24（2025~2026学年青浦区二模） The owner never found out who sewed the horse’s smile on upside down. “Since we can’t figure out exactly (10) ________ mistake it was, we will just give everyone a bonus,” she said. 【答案】 10. whose 考查定语从句。句意：“既然我们无法确切弄清楚这是谁的失误，我们就给每个人发奖金吧，”她说。定语从句修饰先行词mistake，先行词在从句中作定语，即“谁的失误”，故用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 例25（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） Yet not everyone felt disappointed by illustrations. For people ____7____ struggle to visualize while reading, illustrations could enhance their experience. 【答案】 7. who##that 考查定语从句。句意：对于那些阅读时难以构建心像的人来说，插图可以提升他们的体验。空处引导定语从句，先行词是people，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词who或that。故填who/that。 题型2 定语从句在句子翻译中的运用 例1 （2025·上海闵行·二模） 这座拥有百年历史的图书馆坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) 【答案】The century-old library is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here. The century-old library, whose location is in the city center, has an extensive collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. Located in the city center, the library, whose history spans over a century, has a rich collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. 【详解】考查定语从句和短语。此处主语“这座拥有百年历史的图书馆”可用the century-old library，或用whose引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词library，翻译为whose history spans over a century；表示“坐落于市中心”短语为be located in the city center，可用whose引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词library，翻译为whose location is in the city center，或用过去分词作状语；表示“馆藏丰富”可用whose引导非限制性定语从句修饰 先行词library，翻译为whose collection is extensive，或翻译为have an extensive collection/ a rich collection；表示“读者”为复数名词readers；表示“可以”应用can；表示“找到”可用动词find，位于情态动词can后面，使用动词原形；表示“各种”短语为a variety of；表示“珍贵的书籍”为precious/rare books。陈述事实用一般现在时。故翻译为The century-old library is located in the city center, whose collection is extensive, and readers can find a variety of rare books here./The century-old library, whose location is in the city center, has an extensive collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here./Located in the city center, the library, whose history spans over a century, has a rich collection, and readers can find a variety of precious books here. 例2（2025·上海奉贤·二模） 如果你感到孤独、迷茫，请务必翻开这本书，它会给你勇气，助你挣脱生活的樊笼，寻到内心的光芒与自由。(which) 【答案】If you feel lonely and confused, be sure to open this book, which will give you the courage to break free from the cage of life and find the light and freedom in your heart. 【详解】考查状语从句和定语从句。引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”用if，主语为you，表示“感到孤独、迷茫”为feel lonely and confused，陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“请务必”为肯定祈使句，为be sure to；表示“翻开这本书”为open this book；后跟非限制性定语从句修饰先行词book，在从句作主语，指物，用which；表示“给你做某事的勇气”用give you the courage to do sth.；表示“助你挣脱生活的樊笼”可用to break free from the cage of life；表示“寻到内心的光芒与自由”为find the light and freedom in your heart。从句表示将来的动作用一般将来时。故翻译为If you feel lonely and confused, be sure to open this book, which will give you the courage to break free from the cage of life and find the light and freedom in your heart. 例3（2025·上海嘉定·二模） 本届音乐节的主题是“春天的律动”，这将为观众带来一场充满春天气息与艺术魅力的视听盛会。(present) 【答案】The theme of this year’s music festival is “Rhythm of Spring”, which will present the audience with an audio-visual feast full of spring vitality and artistic charm. 【详解】考查名词、动词、定语从句和形容词短语。先处理关键词：“主题”译为“the theme”,“本届音乐节”译为 this year’s music festival，“春天的律动”译为Rhythm of Spring，此处是专有名词首字母大写，保留诗意，“带来”使用动词present，“present sb. with sth. ”，意为“向某人呈现某物”，“视听盛会”使用固定搭配 audio-visual feast，“春天气息”译为 spring vitality，“艺术魅力”译为 artistic charm，“充满春天气息与艺术魅力的视听盛会”使用形容词短语“full of sth.”作后置定语修饰feast，即with an audio-visual feast full of spring vitality and artistic charm；本句使用非限制性定语从句连接两个分句，先行词是“ this year’s music festival”，在从句中作主语，指物，使用关系which引导，主句：本届音乐节的主题是“春天的律动”，可以翻译为：The theme of this year’s music festival is “Rhythm of Spring”，从句“这将为观众带来一场充满春天气息与艺术魅力的视听盛会”翻译为：which will present the audience with an audio-visual feast full of spring vitality and artistic charm。故翻译为The theme of this year's music festival is “Rhythm of Spring”, which will present the audience with an audio-visual feast full of spring vitality and artistic charm. 例4（2025·上海静安·二模） 那个城市缺少可供居民消磨时间的公园，在旧城改造时应相应地增加绿色空间。(lack) （汉译英） 【答案】The city lacks parks where residents can spend their leisure time, so more green spaces should be added accordingly during the old town renovation. 【详解】考查名词、定语从句、动词短语和介词短语。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“那个城市”为名词The city；表示“缺少”为动词lacks；表示“公园”为名词parks；后接关系副词where引导的定语从句对parks的修饰，在该定语从句中，表示“可供居民消磨时间”可译为where residents can spend their leisure time；表示“ 更多绿色空间”应为名词短语more green spaces；表示“应相应地增加”应为动词短语should be added accordingly；表示“在旧城改造时”应为介词短语during the old town renovation。故翻译为：The city lacks parks where residents can spend their leisure time, so more green spaces should be added accordingly during the old town renovation. 例5（2025·上海静安·二模） 无论雨天还是晴天，每周四的校园露天音乐会都会吸引大批学生观众，使之成为校园 生活一道亮丽的风景线。(which) 【答案】Whether it rains or shines, the open-air campus concert every Thursday attracts a large number of student audiences, which has become a beautiful scene in campus life. 【详解】考查固定句型和定语从句。表示“无论是……还是……”句型为whether…or…，引导让步状语从句；表示“雨天”用动词rain，表示“晴天”用动词shine，陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“每周四的校园露天音乐会”用the open-air campus concert every Thursday，作主语；表示“吸引”用动词attract，表经常习惯性动作用一般现在时；表示“大批学生观众”可用a large number of student audiences；后跟非限制性定语从句修饰上文，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“成为校园 生活一道亮丽的风景线”用become a beautiful scene in campus life，表示对现在的影响用现在完成时。故翻译为Whether it rains or shines, the open-air campus concert every Thursday attracts a large number of student audiences, which has become a beautiful scene in campus life. 例6（2025·上海金山·二模） 上周末，在春意盎然的植物园，我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇，我们都非常激动。 (which) 【答案】Last weekend, my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across in the botanical garden in full spring bloom, which excited us a lot. 【详解】考查动词、名词和定语从句。分析句子可知，这里时态应用一般过去时表示过去情况。表示“上周末”应用last weekend，在本句中作状语；表示“在春意盎然的植物园”应用in the botanical garden in full spring bloom，在本句中作地点状语，其中in full spring bloom (春意盎然的) 为介词短语作定语修饰前面名词garden；表示“我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇”应用my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across，为主谓结构，其中come across表“偶然遇见”，为固定搭配；表示“（这让）我们都非常激动”应用which excited us a lot，为非限制性定语从句，which指代前面句子，在从句中作主语。故翻译为Last weekend, my English teacher in junior high school, Mr./Ms. Wang, and I came across in the botanical garden in full spring bloom, which excited us a lot. 例7（2025·上海杨浦·二模） 恰如古语所云，未曾领略冬之凛冽，无法感知春之和煦，这体现了冬去春来、季节交替的真谛。(correspond) 【答案】As the timeless saying goes, without experiencing the cold of winter, one can’t appreciate the warmth of spring, which corresponds to the essence of the seasonal transition from winter to spring. 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。此处陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“恰如古语所云”可翻译为as the timeless saying goes；表示“未曾领略冬之凛冽”可翻译为without experiencing the cold of winter，其中动名词作宾语；主语为one；表示“无法感知春之和煦”翻译为can’t appreciate the warmth of spring；后跟非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“体现”短语为correspond to；表示“冬去春来、季节交替的真谛”翻译为the essence of the seasonal transition from winter to spring。故翻译为As the timeless saying goes, without experiencing the cold of winter, one can’t appreciate the warmth of spring, which corresponds to the essence of the seasonal transition from winter to spring. 例8（2025·上海青浦·二模） 随着越来越多的人向往自然，崇尚简单和谐的生活方式，该县户外经济蓬勃发展，其收入有望在明年年底达到全县总收入的百分之十二。 (expect) 【答案】As an increasing number of people long for nature and embrace simple and harmonious lifestyles, the outdoor economy prospers in that county, whose income is expected to take up 12 percent of the total income of the county by the end of next year. 【详解】考查时间状语从句、名词短语、动词短语和定语从句。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，该句应为连词As表示“随着……”引导的时间状语从句，在该从句中，表示“越来越多的人”应为名词短语an increasing number of people；表示“向往”应为动词短语long for；表示“崇尚简单和谐的生活方式”应为动词短语embrace simple and harmonious lifestyles；在主句中，表示“那个县的户外经济很繁荣”可译为the outdoor economy prospers in that county；后接关系代词whose引导定语从句，对先行词county的修饰，表示“有望做某事”应为动词短语be expected to do；表示“达到全县总收入的百分之十二”应为动词短语take up 12 percent of the total income of the county；表示“明年年底”应为介词短语by the end of next year。故翻译为：As an increasing number of people long for nature and embrace simple and harmonious lifestyles, the outdoor economy prospers in that county, whose income is expected to take up 12 percent of the total income of the county by the end of next year. 例9（2025·上海松江·二模） 夕阳染红了半边天空，真是赏心悦目。（engage）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The setting sun colored half of the sky red, which engaged both the mind and the eye. 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。发生在过去用一般过去时，主语“夕阳”为the setting sun；表示“染红了半边天空”可翻译为color half of the sky red；后跟非限制性定语从句修饰上文句子，从句缺少主语，故用which；表示“赏心悦目”翻译为engaged both the mind and the eye.故翻译为The setting sun colored half of the sky red, which engaged both the mind and the eye. 例10（2025·上海虹口·二模） 上海是一座依水而兴的城市，江河湖海相伴相依，并提供众多与城市地标相关的特色娱乐体验。(surround) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】As a city that grows/develops by/on water, Shanghai is surrounded by rivers, lakes, and seas, offering a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences associated with/linked to its landmarks. 【详解】考查介词短语、动词短语、非谓语动词和名词短语。描述客观事实用一般现在时。根据句意以及句子的提示词可知，表示“作为一座依水而兴的城市”应为介词短语As a city that grows/develops by/on water；表示“被……包围”应为被动句式be surrounded by；表示“江河湖海”应为名词短语rivers, lakes, and seas；后接非谓语动词作状语，表示“提供”为动词offer，和逻辑主语Shanghai为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式，表示“各种独特的娱乐体验”应为名词短语a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences；表示“与……相联系”应为动词短语be associated with/linked to；表示“地标”为名词landmarks。故翻译为：As a city that grows/develops by/on water, Shanghai is surrounded by rivers, lakes, and seas, offering a wide range of distinctive entertainment experiences associated with/linked to its landmarks. （2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） 53. 建这座桥是一项复杂的工作，花费了数年时间才完成。(which) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Building the bridge is a complex task, which took years to complete. 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句、非谓语动词。表示“建这座桥”用build the bridge，用动名词形式作主语；表示“是一项复杂的工作”用be a complex task，动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，句子描述的是客观事实，时态用一般现在时，be动词用is；表示“花费了数年时间才完成”用take years to complete，用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，take这一动作发生在过去，从句时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式。故翻译为Building the bridge is a complex task, which took years to complete. （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） 53. 借助光影，学生们开启了一段科学与艺术交融的探索之旅。(join)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the help of light and shadow, the students started a journey of exploration where science and art join together. 【解析】 【详解】考查动词、时态和定语从句。“借助”表达为with the help of，“光”为名词light，“影”为名词shadow，“借助光影”表达为with the help of light and shadow；“开启”表达为动词start，作谓语动词，结合“开启了”以及句意可知，此句陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时，“一段探索之旅”表达为名词短语a journey of exploration，作started宾语，“科学”表达为名词science，“艺术”为名词art，“交融”为动词短语join together，“科学与艺术交融”表达为science and art join together，“科学与艺术交融的”表达为定语从句修饰先行词a journey of exploration，关系词指代先行词在从句中作地点状语，从句用关系副词where引导，从句阐述探索之旅的固有属性，用一般现在时。故此句翻译为：With the help of light and shadow, the students started a journey of exploration where science and art join together. （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） 53. 那块电子显示屏存在线路故障并危及公共安全，现已被拆除。（whose）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The electronic display screen whose wiring faults endangered public safety has been removed now. 【解析】 【详解】考查句子结构，whose引导定语从句和被动语态。根据汉语句子分析可知，主句为“那块电子显示屏现已被拆除”，用现在完成时被动结构表达，即“主语+has / have been done”，其中主语用名词短语“The electronic display screen”表达，为第三人称单数，助动词用has；“拆除”用动词“remove”，这里用过去分词形式“removed”，“现在”用“now”表达。因此，主句译为“the electronic display screen has been removed now”。“（那块电子显示屏）存在线路故障并危及公共安全”作定语从句，先行词为“The electronic display screen(那块电子显示屏)”，与之后的“线路故障（wiring faults）”之间为修饰关系，用whose引导从句，“危及”用动词“endanger”表达，从句中作谓语，结合语境可知“危及公共安全”发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式“endangered”，“公共安全”用“public safety”表达，因此从句译为“whose wiring faults endangered public safety”，置于先行词之后。故翻译为：The electronic display screen whose wiring faults endangered public safety has been removed now. （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） 55. 随着全球经济一体化的加深，许多企业发现自己正陷入一种境地：过度扩张的风险往往超过了潜在的获利空间。(where)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】With the deepening of global economic integration, many enterprises find themselves in a situation where the risks of excessive expansion often outweigh their potential profit margins. 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语、名词短语、名词、定语从句。动词短语和时态。根据句意以及句子提示词可知，表示“随着全球经济一体化的加深”应为介词短语With the deepening of global economic integration；表示“许多企业”为名词many enterprises；表示“发现自己”应为动词短语find themselves；表示“陷入一种境地”应为介词短语in a situation，其中，“境地”为抽象地点名词situation，后接关系副词where引导的定语从句对situation的修饰，在该定语从句中，表示“过度扩张的风险”应为名词短语the risks of excessive expansion；表示“往往”为副词often；表示“超过了潜在的获利空间”应为动词短语outweigh their potential profit margins；结合句意可知，该句应为陈述一般事实，为一般现在时。故翻译为：With the deepening of global economic integration, many enterprises find themselves in a situation where the risks of excessive expansion often outweigh their potential profit margins. （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） 54. 这位世界冠军卫冕成功，这离不开她日常坚持不懈的训练和赛场上良好的心理素质。(which) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The world champion successfully defended her title, which was inseparable from her persistent daily training and good psychological quality on the field. 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和定语从句。表示“这位世界冠军”用the world champion，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；表示“卫冕成功”用successfully defend her title，结合语境可知，本句描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式defended；“这”指代上文的整个句子，使用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子，在从句中作主语，表示“离不开”使用固定短语be inseparable from，which指代前边的句子，be动词使用was，表示“她日常坚持不懈的训练”用her persistent daily training，作from的宾语；表示“和”用and，连接两个并列的宾语；表示“赛场上良好的心理素质”用good psychological quality on the field，作from的宾语。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为The world champion successfully defended her title, which was inseparable from her persistent daily training and good psychological quality on the field. （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） 55. 这台机器人在台上闪转腾挪，上演了精彩的中国功夫，不仅赢得了连连掌声，也收获了大量订单。（which）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This robot moved nimbly and flexibly on the stage and performed wonderful Chinese kung fu which not only won continuous applause but also gained a lot of orders. 【解析】 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句和并列结构。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；表示“这台机器人”用this robot；表示“在台上”用on the stage；表示“闪转腾挪”用move nimbly and flexibly；表示“上演了精彩的中国功夫”用perform wonderful Chinese kung fu，move和perform并列作主句谓语，应用过去式moved和performed；“不仅赢得了连连掌声，也收获了大量订单”按要求用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容，在从句中作主语；表示“不仅……也……”用not only...but also...，连接并列谓语；表示“赢得了连连掌声”用win continuous applause；表示“收获了大量订单”用gain a lot of orders，win和gain作从句谓语，用过去式。综上，故翻译为：This robot moved nimbly and flexibly on the stage and performed wonderful Chinese kung fu, which not only won continuous applause but also gained a lot of orders. （2025~2026学年松江区二模） 55. 这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇，连外国读者都争相购买，销售量远超同类作品。(whose) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The historical novel about the Song Dynasty, whose sales went far beyond those in the same category/of the same kind, was highly favored upon its publication, and even foreign readers rushed to buy it. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；“这部关于宋朝历史的小说”用the historical novel about the Song Dynasty，作主语，“备受推崇”用be highly favored，主语novel是第三人称单数，be用was，“一出版”用upon its publication，作时间状语，“连”即“甚至”用副词even，“外国读者”用foreign readers，“争相购买”用rush to buy its copies，rush作谓语，用过去式rushed，“这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇”和“连外国读者都争相购买”是并列关系，用and连接；“销售量远超同类作品”处理为修饰novel的非限制性定语从句，“销售”用名词sales，和先行词copies之间为所属关系，用关系代词whose作引导词，“远远超过”用go far beyond，go作谓语，用过去式went，宾语“同类作品”用those in the same category/of the same kind。综上，故翻译为：The historical novel about the Song Dynasty, whose sales went far beyond those in the same category/of the same kind, was highly favored upon its publication, and even foreign readers rushed to buy it. （2025~2026学年金山区二模） 55. 这条古老的街巷历经数百年风雨沧桑，见证了城市的兴衰更迭，在这里，一代又一代普通人用平凡的坚守书写着温暖而动人的生活故事。(where) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This ancient street has experienced hundreds of years of ups and downs and witnessed the rise and fall of the city, where ordinary people from generation to generation have written warm and touching life stories with ordinary perseverance. 【解析】 【详解】考查现在完成时和 where 引导的定语从句。“历经风雨沧桑” 用has experienced ups and downs；“见证兴衰” 为witnessed the rise and fall；先行词为 street，用where引导非限制性定语从句；“平凡的坚守” 译为ordinary perseverance。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 定语从句 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 限制性定语从句 知识解构 知识点 1 关系代词 that/which/who/whose 用法 知识点 2 关系副词 where/when/why 使用场景 考向破译 考向 1 指人 / 指物基础关系词填空 考向 02 抽象地点先行词 case/situation 用 where 判定 考点二 非限制性定语从句 知识解构 知识点 1 逗号隔开非限定从句禁用 that 规则 知识点 2 which 指代整句话用法 知识点 3 as 引导非限定固定搭配 考向破译 考向 01 有无逗号区分 that/which 选用 考向 02 as 与 which 指代主句内容辨析 考点三 介词 + 关系代词结构 知识解构 知识点 1 介词由先行词 / 从句动词搭配判定 知识点 2 “名词 + 介词 + which” 替代 whose 句式 知识点 3 复杂多介词搭配固定组合 考向破译 考向 01 空格前介词匹配关系代词填空 考向 02 翻译中介词前置定语高级句式运用 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 考点要求 考察形式 近年考题 （1）考查关系代词用法； （2）考查关系副词用法； （3）考查非限制定语从句用法 （4）考查“介词+关系代词”用法 （5）在具体语境中尤其句子翻译对定语从句的理解和运用。 语法填空题 句子翻译题 【2025上海高考】One morning, Sally Dalton, a speechwriter, was walking down a path when she heard the bark of a dog. She thought nothing of it until she came upon a baby hare ____1____ seemed to be struggling. 【答案】1. that##which 考查定语从句。句意：她什么也没想，直到她看到一只似乎在挣扎的小野兔。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a baby hare（指动物），先行词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that 或 which引导。故填that/which。 【2023上海春考】Young Enterprise primarily meets the needs of young people ( 23 )__________ are still at school, giving them an understanding of industry and the opportunities it may offer them in the future. 【答案】who/that 【解析】考查定语从句。这里使用关系代词作为介绍young people的定语从句，修饰"young people"，指代"young people"，做主语，指人，可以使用"who/that"。 考情分析： 考查形式：主要在语法填空中与句子翻译中考查，要求考生根据句子结构和语境，填入适当的关系词或句子翻译。 考点分布：近年来，上海高考英语对定语从句的考查涵盖了关系代词和关系副词的各种用法。如 2023 年上海秋考考查了 as 引导的非限制性定语从句和 where 引导的非限制性定语从句；2023 年上海春考考查了 who/that 引导的限制性定语从句；2022 年上海秋考考查了 which 引导的非限制性定语从句；2022 年上海春考考查了 where 引导的定语从句。 复习目标： 1.语法知识系统化：全面、系统地掌握定语从句的基本概念、关系词的用法、定语从句的类型等知识，形成完整的知识体系，能够准确判断和分析各种定语从句。 2.解题能力提升：通过专项练习和真题训练，提高在语法填空等题型中准确运用定语从句知识解题的能力，能够快速、准确地根据先行词和从句的成分选择合适的关系词。 3.翻译与写作应用自如：在书面表达中，能够熟练、恰当地运用定语从句来丰富句子结构，提升表达的准确性和流畅性，增强文章的表现力。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 限制性定语从句 知●识●解●构 知识点1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语、状语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况 先行词是all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing等不定代词时 先行词被the only，the very，the same，all等修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 先行词既有人又有物时 只用which的 引导非限制性定语从句时 关系代词指物，且前有介词时情况 关系代词as和which 的区别 as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句前、中、后，as常译为“正如……，正像……”。从句的谓语动词多为see，know，expect，say，mention，report等 which引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, which shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 要点01 关系代词that典型用法 1.先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much, few, none等不定代词时。 I've done everything that I can to help you. 我已尽我所能帮助你。 2.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book that I bought with my own money.这是我用自己钱买的第一本书。 She is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen.她是我见过最美的女孩。 3.先行词被all, only, very, no 等限定词修饰时。 He is the only person that can solve this problem. 他是唯一能解决这个问题的人。 This is the very house that I grew up in. 这正是我长大的房子。 4.先行词中既为人又为表示物的名词时。 They talked about the people and things that they remembered. 他们谈论了记得的人和事。 5.主句以 who/which 开头的疑问句为了避免重复时。 Who is the man that is standing over there? 站在那边的人是谁？ Which is the book that you want? 哪本是你想要的书？ 7.当先行词是the way在句中作方式状语时，后面用that或者in which或者省略that。 The way in which he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。 The way (that) he handled the situation impressed me.他处理情况的方式给我留下了深刻印象。 6.【警告】注意关系代词that作主语时不能省略，作宾语时可以省略。 The book (that) I read last night was fascinating. 我昨晚读的书很精彩。 7.【警告】注意that不能用于非限制性定语从句，前边有逗号为标志。 He was late again, which made his teacher very angry.他又迟到了，这次这让他的老师非常生气。 要点02关系代词which典型用法 1.引导限定性定语从句（不用逗号分隔）先行词指物，对句子意思的表达起着关键作用。 You should select the option which best suits your requirements. 你要挑选最符合你需求的选项。 2.引导非限定性定语从句（用逗号和主句分隔）先行词可以是一个名词，也可以指代前面整个主句的内容。 The book, which I read last night, is extremely captivating. 我昨晚读的那本书特别吸引人。 She resigned from her job, which was quite unexpected. 她辞去了工作，这十分出人意料。 3.用于“介词 + which”结构，这种结构较为正式，常见于书面语中。 The city in which I was born is located in the southern part of the country.我出生的城市位于这个国家的南部。 要点03关系代词who, whom, whose典型用法 1. who用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。注意Anyone who…以及Those who…句型。 She is the girl who/that won the first prize in the competition.她就是在比赛中获得一等奖的那个女孩。 Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.任何违反规则的人都会受到惩罚。 Those who love reading often have rich inner worlds.热爱阅读的人往往有丰富的内心世界。 2. whom用作关系代词，在定语从句中作宾语，先行词指人，可以与that替换。作宾语，可以省略。 The girl whom you saw at the party is a famous singer.（whom引导限制性定语从句） 你在派对上看到的那个女孩是位著名歌手。 The author, whom the students admire, gave a speech.（whom引导非限制性定语从句） 那位受学生钦佩的作家做了演讲。 3.whom可以用于“介词+关系代词”结构，who不能。 This is the professor from whom I learned a lot.这就是我从他身上学到很多东西的教授。 4. whose既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中作定语。在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时，“whose＋名词”可用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”来代替。 Do you know the boy whose handwriting is very beautiful? 你认识那个书法非常漂亮的男孩吗？ I'd like a room whose window looks out over the sea. 我想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。 →I'd like a room, the window of which looks out over the sea. →I'd like a room, of which the window looks out over the sea. 要点04关系代词as的典型用法 1. as引导限制性定语从句的用法 as用作关系代词，引导限制性定语从句，作从句的主语、宾语或表语，as不可省略，用于such…as…, so…as…, the same…as…句型。 Don’t trust such people as praise you to your face.不要相信当面表扬你的这种人。 They have never read so many books as I read last year. 他们从来都没有读过像我去年读过的那些书。 ★易错提醒1：the same…as…强调“和……是同一类”；the same…that…强调“和……是同一个”。 This is the same dictionary as I lost yesterday. 这本词典和我昨天丢的那本一样。（不是同一本词典） He is the same boy that helped me yesterday. 他是昨天帮过我的那个男孩。（指同一个男孩） ★易错提醒2：so…that…, such…that…引导结果状语从句，that只起连接作用不作句子成分。 She is such a kind girl that many students like her. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(状语从句是完整的，前面的that只起引导作用，不作成分。) She is such a kind girl as many students like. 她是个善良的女孩所以很多学生喜欢她。(定语从句缺少宾语，前面的as代替先行词girl，作宾语。) 2. as引导非限制性定语从句的用法 as用作关系代词，引导非限制性定语从；as从句位于主句的前、中、后，强调前后逻辑一致，表示“正如……；从句多含有see, know, expect, tell, report等动词。 Taiwan, as is known to all, belongs to China. 众所周知，台湾属于中国。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句中） She has married again, as was expected. 不出所料，她又结婚了。（as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句末） As is often the case, girls like dolls while boys like guns. 女孩子喜欢玩具而男孩子喜欢枪，这是常见的情况。 （as引导非限制性定语从句且位于句首） 知识点2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词 先行词 在从句中的作用 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象名词(situation，point，activity，case，stage等) 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，when the weather may be better. Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth. Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday? 关系副词when, where, why典型用法 1. when用作关系副词，在定语从句作时间状语。其先行词是具体时间名词，如day, month, year；还可以是抽象名词，如age, stay, occasion等。 Do you remember the day when we first met? 你还记得我们第一次见面的那一天吗？（定语从句是主谓结构，不缺少宾语） There are occasions when one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。（先行词occasions是典型时间名词） ★易错提醒： 当 time 表示“次数”时，用 that 引导从句（可省略）；当 time 表示“时间”时，用 when 引导从句。 This is the first time that I’ve heard this song. I’ll never forget the time when we worked together in the village. 2. where用作关系副词，在定语从句作地点状语。注意定语从句可能是主谓结构或主谓宾结构。其先行词既可以是具体地点名词，如school, museum, centre；还可以是抽象名词，如point, case, situation, stage, race, position, job等（热点，须牢记）。 This is the hospital where my sister used to work. (the hospital是先行词，where是关系副词，在从句中作地点状语。) The shop where I bought this shirt is not far from here. 我买这件衬衫的商店离这里不远。（定语从句是主谓宾结构，不缺少宾语） There are many cases where this rule doesn’t apply. 在许多情况下，这条规则不适用。（先行词cases是抽象地点） 3. why用作关系副词，在定语从句作原因状语。why还可以用于The reason why…is that…句型。注意如果定语从句谓语动词是及物动词，则应用关系代词。 The reason why he is late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。（关系词在从句中作状语） The reason that he gave for being late is that he failed to catch the first bus. 他给出迟到的原因是他没能赶上第一班公共汽车。（关系词在从句中作宾语） 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查关系代词用法 1．Digitalization has made cultural heritage more accessible to the public, particularly to people living in rural areas would otherwise be unable to visit these sites in person. (用适当的词填空) 2．Keeping seniors close to their original communities helps preserve their routines and interests once brought them joy and well-being at home. ((用适当的词填空)) 3．Including To Abei, a children’s novel inspiration comes from China’s Li ethnic traditions, more than 2,500 Chinese children’s books were on display. (用适当的词填空) 4．The school organized so meaningful an activity left a deep impression on all the students. (用适当的词填空) 5．Dali is such a cozy destination for backpackers has been nicknamed Dalifornia. （用适当的词填空） 6．During the recent investigation, the archaeologists found something fascinating completely challenged their understanding of the ancient dynasty. (用适当的词填空) 7．The celebrated architect, innovative designs young creators deeply admire, has just won the prestigious award. (用适当的词填空) 8．The only decision really matters is how you choose to spend your time each day. (用适当的词填空) 9．The scholar, based on theory many teaching methods are designed, passed away. (用适当的词填空) 10．The researcher led the experiment insisted that all data be checked twice before publication. (用适当的词填空) 11．There is a festival customs bridge different cultures and promote mutual understanding. (用适当的词填空) 12．Those are obsessed with (痴迷于) cosmetic surgeries may be negatively affected by the social beauty obsession. (用适当的词填空) 13．I struggled to the door and tried to pull it open, but the force of the water wouldn’t let me do so. I looked around and grabbed a broom was floating behind me. (用适当的词填空) 14．Sometimes, the parents complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. (用适当的词填空) 15．A music video goes along with the song shows the baby hippo bouncing around, playing with her keeper, or spending time with her mother, Jona. (用适当的词填空) 考向2 考查关系副词用法 1．In the era of social media, the precise moment a viral trend peaks and begins to fade is incredibly difficult to identify. (用适当的词填空) 2．The team has reached a critical point in their research a single experiment could determine their ultimate success or failure. (用适当的词填空) 3．What I want to know is the reason stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields. (用适当的词填空) 4．The joke about her accent can amount to an occasion she no longer dares to speak. (用适当的词填空) 5．For some people, tourism is regarded as travel to certain places the unique plants and animals are the main attractions. (用适当的词填空) 6．The slowdown of breathing rates helps frogs to save energy in long winters it is difficult to find food. (用适当的词填空) 7．The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) they were challenged to a ball game. (用适当的词填空) 8．In today’s digital world most communication is electronic, writing heartfelt thank-you notes enhances emotional intelligence and strengthens relationships. It makes your workplace or home better. (用适当的词填空) 9．The Mid-Autumn Festival is a special holiday the whole Chinese family are supposed to get together and enjoy each other’s company(用适当的词填空) 10．I can remember very few occasions our English teacher had to sit down to give us the lecture.（用适当的词填空） 11．It was an exciting moment Eileen Gu won the gold medal in freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics in Beijing. (用适当的词填空) 12．We hold the unfortunate honor of being a major city more pedestrians are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country. (用适当的词填空) 13．I can think of many cases students obviously knew a lot of English words and expressions but couldn’t write a good essay. (用适当的词填空) 14．The reason we organize monthly garbage-sorting lectures is many students still don’t know how to classify waste properly. (用适当的词填空) 15．The fans of the virtual influencer Angie appreciate her imperfections in an era plastic surgery is rising and beauty app filters beautify users’ every photo. （用适当的词填空） 考点二 非限制性定语从句及“介词+关系代词”用法 知●识●解●构 知识点1 非限制定语从句定义及用法 1.非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作些附加的说明，如果去 掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that 引导。 e. g. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who seemed to be very busy. (昨天我遇到了李萍，她看起来很忙。） 2. which引导的非限制性定语从句既可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个句子。 e. g. A five-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present. (一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。） 3. 在非限制性定语从句中，还可把all, some，most, none或both加上of which或of whom来修饰或限定先行词。 e. g. He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. (他深深地爱着他的父母，他们对他非常好。） 知识点2 “介词+关系代词“引导的定语从句 1．“介词＋关系代词”引导定语从句时，介词的宾语只能用which或whom，且不能省略。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends. 一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 I'll never forget the day on which we moved to our house.（先行词the day指物，关系代词用which） This is the teacher to whom I’m grateful. （先行词the teacher指人，关系代词用whom） September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。 2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，表示部分与整体关系。 Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears，none of which has been proved. 科学家们提出了很多关于人类为什么哭泣时流泪的理论，这些理论尚未得到证实。 Many young people，most of whom were well­educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想，他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。 3．在非限制性定语从句中，whose修饰物时可以换为“the＋名词＋of which”；修饰人时，可以换为“the＋名词＋of whom”。 The newly­built café，the walls of which (＝whose walls) are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us，especially after hard work. 这家新建成的咖啡馆，墙被刷成了浅绿色，对我们来说，真是一个安静的地方，特别是在辛苦工作后。 考●向●破●译 考向1 非限制性定语从句 1．Wu Yize, won the World Snooker Championship final, has set a new benchmark for young Chinese players. (用适当的词填空) 2．This old museum, collection includes many ancient paintings, attracts thousands of visitors yearly. (用适当的词填空) 3．Plates moving underground can cause an earthquake, is a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface. (用适当的词填空) 4．There is more than sufficient food for everyone, 40% of is unfortunately, wasted every day. (用适当的词填空) 5．Besides vast rural farmlands lies advanced modern equipment for precision farming, works efficiently as long as we make full use of digital technology. (用适当的词填空) 6．Among those honored are figures from Bert’s own life, including his longtime housekeeper, a carpenter, and strawberry pickers in Oxnard, stories are brought to life through AR. (用适当的词填空) 7．The villagers have planted many trees on the hillside, will help prevent future landslides. (用适当的词填空) 8． the Chinese philosopher Laozi wrote, “A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.” (用适当的词填空) 9．In addition to its practical uses, Dujiangyan is also a popular tourist attraction, visitors come to admire the ancient architecture and learn about its history. (用适当的词填空) 10．All kinds of traditional Chinese herbal medicine can be found, too, and there are Chinese tea stores, visitors can taste and buy varieties of Chinese tea. (用适当的词填空) 11．Qingming usually falls in early April, the weather starts to get warm and the trees turn green. (用适当的词填空) 12．The unexpected popularity has created an atmosphere, the integration of traditional culture and modern popular culture becomes a talking point. (用适当的词填空) 13．The most intense moment came, Wang had only 31 minutes to transfer (换乘) from Beijing West Station to Beijing South Station by subway. （用适当的词填空） 14．It serves as an international hub for badminton manufacturing, over 100,000 shuttlecocks are produced and sold globally daily. (用适当的词填空) 15．The modern style emerged in the 1980s and onward, the Qipao was reinvented by designers and artists who adopted new materials, patterns and cuts. (用适当的词填空) 考向2 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 1．The research group includes 15 experts, of five have over 20 years of experience in AI. (用适当的词填空) 2．I spoke to two parents, both moved their kids to home schooling after primary school. （用适当的词填空） 3．Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by time 221 people had become seriously ill. (用适当的词填空) 4．She had to attend to her sick mother, for sake she gave up the promising job offer in another city. (用适当的词填空) 5．After several months, Ryan had raised the $2,000, with a well was built near a primary school in Uganda. (用适当的词填空) 6．In 1961 the UN decided to set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. (用适当的词填空) 7．Peter invited over 30 people to his birthday party, most of are his classmates. (用适当的词填空) 8．Some think of the office as the new offsite, the purpose of is to get people together so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or cooperating in real time on specific projects.（用适当的词填空） 9．She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of had taken more than three years.（用适当的词填空） 10．We employed a foreigner as our coach, for life here in China was totally different. (用适当的词填空) 11．When I looked through the window I saw a girl the beauty took my breath away. （用适当的词填空） 12．Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of have never before been published. （用适当的词填空） 13．When an automobile has passed all the tests, it can get a government certificate, without it is illegal to drive. (用适当的词填空) 14．Finally, I ended up leaving the football team. Four other girls did the same, two of stopped playing football completely. (用适当的词填空) 15．Aristotle considers human nature , habit and reason to be equally important forces to be cultivated in education , the ultimate aim should be to produce good and virtuous citizens.（用适当的词填空） 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 题型1 定语从句在语法填空题中考查 例1 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） Researchers at Nottingham Trent University made a game for horses 1 they had to touch a piece of card with their noses to get a treat. They made it progressively harder, and discovered that the horses all changed their strategies in the most difficult stage 2 (ensure) they would continue getting treats. 例2（2025·上海浦东新·二模） In today’s digital world 10 most communication is electronic, writing heartfelt thank-you notes enhances emotional intelligence and strengthens relationships. It makes your workplace or home better. 例3（2025·上海嘉定·二模） Their leader, Robert E. Peary, captured the historic moment in photographs as his team proudly held up their flags. Among them was Matthew Henson, an experienced explorer 1 skills had been vital to their success. 例4（2025·上海闵行·二模） It’s a program created and run by Boston University, 3 high school students:● Learn from award-winning, working journalists — including two who 4 (share) Pulitzer Prizes for their reporting. 例5（2025·上海静安·二模） McCarthy 6 interviews can now be found everywhere online claims that crunning is a more complete workout because it includes the upper body as well. ‌“It really works your legs and shoulders at the same time,” he said, 7 (add) that the sport burned more calories as well. 例6（2025·上海宝山·二模） The tool makes use of what are known as “visual patches (补丁)”, building blocks of data 3 help the AI to understand how everything in the scene should interact and progress, frame by frame. 例7（2025·上海杨浦·二模） In addition to his love for abstract art, Pininski also had another reason 6 accounted for his motivation to build such a unique subway entrance. 例8（2025·上海崇明·二模） A music video 7 goes along with the song shows the baby hippo bouncing around, playing with her keeper, or spending time with her mother, Jona. 例9（2025·上海黄浦·二模） Avoidance can allow the intensity of a negative experience 3 (decrease). It can also provide distance 4 helps us see the experience from a broader perspective. 例10（2025·上海奉贤·二模） She seeks out places with undisturbed darkness, far from towns and cities, 4 she can see the Milky Way. It was literally in the middle of a desert: there was an abandoned village with broken houses. 例11 （2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as getting to your feet to make a cup of tea, can make a surprisingly large difference to 3 ________ calories you burn. 例12（2025·上海青浦·二模） Remember, you bring your own knowledge and experience to the table. If advice conflicts with your better judgment, trust yourself to make the call. Research shows that people feel more, not less, guilty when they follow advice 10 they know is wrong and a bad outcome occurs. 例13（2025·上海金山·二模） According to him, the comedy matches modern online trends. Comedians often talk about current social issues in short and direct ways, 5 fits well with the fast-paced, short videos people enjoy online. 例14（2025·上海长宁·二模） Then, in 2018, the Nottingham Playhouse Theatre Company created a stage show that was motivated by both the book and the Hollywood film. Now, that show, 2 was a huge success when it first came out, is coming back to the stage and will be going on a tour across England. 例15（2025·上海普陀·二模） Using data collected by TwinsUK, the most detailed and extensive twin study ever 1 (carry) out, the team compared the genetic heritability of two types of trait — how strongly a person feels connected to nature, and the amount of time 2 they spend in nature — in more than 1,000 sets of twins. 例16（2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） The Consumer Electronics Show CES, which took place between 7 and 10 January, gave the world a fascinating look at the technology of the future. The event is held annually and gives companies the chance to show off cutting-edge gadgets and extraordinary machines, some of ____1____ are already in shops. 例17（2025~2026学年普陀区二模） Dr Lee scanned the people’s brains while showing them a series of grainy images, some of ____5____ contained hidden faces. 例18（2025~2026学年长宁区二模） Dan Buettner’s book The Blue Zones introduced the concept of blue zones — five regions spread out across three continents ___2___ people live unusually long and healthy lives. 例19（2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） In the 1760s, inoculation wasn’t a common practice in Russia, a land ____8____ there was “enormous distrust” against it. Catherine made the brave decision to experiment with treatment first. 例20（2025~2026学年浦东新区二模） Studies have shown that cleaning has a healing effect, as seen by the new generation of “cleanfluencers” ____8____ are taking social media by storm. 例21（2025~2026学年松江区二模） Therefore, there is necessity for us to understand the science behind focus and recognize the verystrategies (2)__________can make a substantial difference. 例22（2025~2026学年金山区二模） Manytime-honored tea' houses have developed innovative drinks, and the carnival provides a perfectplatform (9) ______these new concepts can be tested and accepted by the public. 例23（2025~2026学年闵行区二模） Apps (4)______most users create profiles and interactwith others provide rewards that encourage them to return. 例24（2025~2026学年青浦区二模） The owner never found out who sewed the horse’s smile on upside down. “Since we can’t figure out exactly (10) ________ mistake it was, we will just give everyone a bonus,” she said. 例25（2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） Yet not everyone felt disappointed by illustrations. For people ____7____ struggle to visualize while reading, illustrations could enhance their experience. 题型2 定语从句在句子翻译中的运用 例1 （2025·上海闵行·二模） 这座拥有百年历史的图书馆坐落于市中心，馆藏丰富，读者可以在这里找到各种珍贵的书籍。(whose) 例2（2025·上海奉贤·二模） 如果你感到孤独、迷茫，请务必翻开这本书，它会给你勇气，助你挣脱生活的樊笼，寻到内心的光芒与自由。(which) 例3（2025·上海嘉定·二模） 本届音乐节的主题是“春天的律动”，这将为观众带来一场充满春天气息与艺术魅力的视听盛会。(present) 例4（2025·上海静安·二模） 那个城市缺少可供居民消磨时间的公园，在旧城改造时应相应地增加绿色空间。(lack) （汉译英） 例5（2025·上海静安·二模） 无论雨天还是晴天，每周四的校园露天音乐会都会吸引大批学生观众，使之成为校园 生活一道亮丽的风景线。(which) 例6（2025·上海金山·二模） 上周末，在春意盎然的植物园，我和我的初中英语王老师不期而遇，我们都非常激动。 (which) 例7（2025·上海杨浦·二模） 恰如古语所云，未曾领略冬之凛冽，无法感知春之和煦，这体现了冬去春来、季节交替的真谛。(correspond) 例8（2025·上海青浦·二模） 随着越来越多的人向往自然，崇尚简单和谐的生活方式，该县户外经济蓬勃发展，其收入有望在明年年底达到全县总收入的百分之十二。 (expect) 例9（2025·上海松江·二模） 夕阳染红了半边天空，真是赏心悦目。（engage）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 例10（2025·上海虹口·二模） 上海是一座依水而兴的城市，江河湖海相伴相依，并提供众多与城市地标相关的特色娱乐体验。(surround) ____________________________________________________________________________________ （2025~2026学年黄浦区二模） 53. 建这座桥是一项复杂的工作，花费了数年时间才完成。(which) (汉译英) _______________________________________________________________________________________ （2025~2026学年嘉定区二模） 53. 借助光影，学生们开启了一段科学与艺术交融的探索之旅。(join)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ （2025~2026学年杨浦区二模） 53. 那块电子显示屏存在线路故障并危及公共安全，现已被拆除。（whose）（汉译英） ____________________________________________________________________________________ （2025~2026学年普陀区二模） 55. 随着全球经济一体化的加深，许多企业发现自己正陷入一种境地：过度扩张的风险往往超过了潜在的获利空间。(where)(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ （2025~2026学年崇明区二模） 54. 这位世界冠军卫冕成功，这离不开她日常坚持不懈的训练和赛场上良好的心理素质。(which) (汉译英) ________________________________________________________________________________________ （2025~2026学年奉贤区二模） 55. 这台机器人在台上闪转腾挪，上演了精彩的中国功夫，不仅赢得了连连掌声，也收获了大量订单。（which）(汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ （2025~2026学年松江区二模） 55. 这部关于宋朝历史的小说一出版便备受推崇，连外国读者都争相购买，销售量远超同类作品。(whose) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________________________ （2025~2026学年金山区二模） 55. 这条古老的街巷历经数百年风雨沧桑，见证了城市的兴衰更迭，在这里，一代又一代普通人用平凡的坚守书写着温暖而动人的生活故事。(where) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $