高二英语下学期期末模拟卷02（上海专用）

**基本信息** 这份高二英语期末模拟卷以科学探究、社会热点和跨文化主题为载体，通过多样化题型考查语言运用与思维品质，适配上海地区高二学生期末评估需求。 **题型特征** |题型|题量/分值|知识覆盖|命题特色| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |语法词汇|20题/20分|动词时态、从句、词汇辨析|科学类文本（瘙痒机制）与社会热点（环保争议）结合，考查语法准确性与语境应用| |阅读理解|30题/45分|完形填空（语言学习）、文学评论（诗歌出版）、社区服务（志愿者招募）、社会议题（烟草监管）、七选五（友谊神经科学）|跨领域素材融合，从语言习得到神经科学，培养信息筛选与批判性思维| |概要写作|1题/10分|冲突处理策略|提炼文本核心观点，考查逻辑概括能力| |翻译|4题/15分|情景描述、动作序列、社会现象|结合生活场景，考查汉译英精准表达| |应用文写作|1题/25分|活动邀请邮件|创设科技文化节情境，融合创新与传统，考查实用写作与思辨能力|

2025-2026学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（沪外版） 英 语·参考答案 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 1．as/though 2．farther 3．behind 4．that 5．everything 6．arising 7．would transition 8．involved 9．that 10．but 11．H 12．F 13．I 14．A 15．G 16．E 17．J 18．K 19．B 20．D 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．B 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．B 36．B 37．C 38．A 39．C 40．B 41．C 42．D 43．C 44．A 45．D 46．C 47．E 48．A 49．B 50．D 51．范文一： Conflict, though often avoided, is a healthy and teachable part of life. Experts believe it helps build deeper understanding and connection. Two useful methods are listening with understanding reflection and pausing when emotions run high. Learning to handle conflict patiently turns difficult moments into opportunities for personal growth and stronger relationships. 52．In early summer, all over the mountains and plains grow all kinds of unknown wild flowers. 53．As soon as he walked out of the laboratory, he took off his gloves and washed his hands repeatedly with soap. 54．Hardly had the flower exhibition opened when citizens couldn’t wait to rush to the site from all over the city. 55．However busy she is, she spares some time every day to accompany her children and tries to maintain a harmonious family atmosphere. 56．Dear Organizing Committee, I am Wang Ming, a student from Mingqi High School. Regarding the upcoming Technology and Culture Festival, I would like to express my support for inviting the AI scientist. My reasons are as follows. First, artificial intelligence is revolutionizing every field, from healthcare to education. Listening to a leading AI scientist will broaden our horizons and inspire more students to pursue STEM careers. Second, AI and culture are not separate; they can interact deeply. Thus, an AI talk can still connect to culture, showing how technology preserves and reinterprets tradition. In contrast, while a cultural inheritor is valuable, the festival’s “technology” part might be underexplored. I have two suggestions. First, after the lecture, arrange a Q&A session where students can ask about AI ethics. Second, set up a small exhibition corner displaying AI-powered cultural projects. This would blend the two themes seamlessly. Thank you for considering my view. Sincerely, Wang Ming 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Science Of Scratching Mom knew what she was talking about after all: Scratching really does make the itch worse. Good 1 it feels, the burst of ecstasy (狂喜) you get from clawing your irritated skin only prolongs a vicious itch-scratch cycle, putting true relief 2 (far) out of reach. But why? Though itch has troubled our species for thousands of years, scientists have just begun to comprehend the physiological mechanisms 3 it. Over the past couple of decades, research has shown 4 scratching taps into our brains’ reward and immune systems, producing a strange mix of sensations that makes it all but impossible to resist. “You scratch to feel better,” says Brian Kim, a neuroimmunologist at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine, “but in doing so, you actually activate immune pathways that are counterproductive.” In 1660, a definition of itch arose that’s still in use today: an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch. It results from 5 from insect bites and poisonous plants to allergic reactions and skin conditions like eczema (湿疹). Until recently, itch was considered a form of mild pain 6 (arise) from the weak activation of pain receptors. This “intensity theory” speculated that itch stood at one end of the pain spectrum, and 7 (transition) all the way to full-blown suffering as a stimulus grew stronger. But in 2014, Zhou-Feng Chen, an itch researcher then at Washington University, discovered that serotonin (the mood-regulating “happiness hormone”) plays a big role in perpetuating (使永久) the itch-scratch cycle. The research team found that when mice scratch an itch, their brains release a surge of serotonin, resulting in a moment of pure bliss. These results were consistent with a PLOS One study from the previous year, which showed that scratching activates the brain regions 8 (involve) in the reward circuit, a neural network that floods the body with euphoria-inducing chemicals in response to pleasurable activities and substances. It’s the same system 9 underlies addiction, which isn’t surprising if you’ve ever lost an hour scratching at mosquito bites. But Kim notes there’s another side to this coin: the longing not to feel pleasure 10 to ease discomfort. “That’s what’s so complex about it,” he says. “There are different levels at which you need to scratch.” 【答案】 1．as/though 2．farther 3．behind 4．that 5．everything 6．arising 7．would transition 8．involved 9．that 10．but 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了抓挠虽能暂时缓解瘙痒，却会延长恶性循环。它激活大脑奖赏系统与免疫通路，背后有复杂生理机制，并非轻微疼痛，且与血清素相关，让人难以抗拒。 【详解】1．考查状语从句。句意：尽管这种感觉很美妙，但你因抓挠恼人的皮肤而产生的那种狂喜感，只会让那痛苦的瘙痒-抓挠循环持续下去，从而使真正的缓解变得更加遥不可及。此处为：形容词+ as/though +主语+系动词，表示“尽管……”。故填as/though。 2．考查比较级。句意：尽管这种感觉很美妙，但你因抓挠恼人的皮肤而产生的那种狂喜感，只会让那痛苦的瘙痒-抓挠循环持续下去，从而使真正的缓解变得更加遥不可及。表示“变得更加遥不可及”应用比较级farther，故填farther。 3．考查介词。句意：尽管瘙痒现象已经困扰人类数千年之久，但科学家们才刚刚开始探究其背后的生理机制。后跟it作宾语，结合句意“背后的生理机制”可知用介词behind。故填behind。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：在过去几十年里，研究发现，挠痒痒会刺激我们大脑的奖赏系统和免疫系统，产生一种奇特的混合感觉，让人几乎无法抗拒。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分和句意，故填that。 5．考查代词。句意：这可能是由多种因素引起的，包括昆虫叮咬、有毒植物、过敏反应以及像湿疹这样的皮肤疾病等。作介词的宾语，且表示“从……到……的各种情况”应用不定代词everything。故填everything。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：直到不久前，人们都认为瘙痒是一种由疼痛感受器轻微激活所引起的轻微疼痛。此处pain与arise构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填arising。 7．考查时态。句意：这种“强度理论”认为，瘙痒处于疼痛程度的某一极端位置，随着刺激强度的增强，它会逐渐发展成完全的疼痛状态。根据后文“as a stimulus grew stronger”可知，此处表示过去看来将会发生，用过去将来时。故填would transition。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：激活了与奖赏回路相关的脑区，这是一个神经网络，当人体接触到令人愉悦的活动或物质时，它会向体内释放能带来愉悦感的化学物质。此处regions与involve构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填involved。 9．考查固定句型。句意：这正是导致上瘾现象的相同机制，如果你曾经因为挠蚊子叮咬而浪费了一个小时，那么这种现象也就不足为奇了。句型the same…that…表示“正是这个……”。故填that。 10．考查固定句型。句意：但金指出，这枚硬币还有另一面：人们并非渴望获得快乐，而是希望减轻痛苦带来的不适感。句型not…but…表示“不是……而是……”。故填but。 Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．suitable    B．genuine    C． distributed   D．sustainability   E. rising  F. severe G. accused    H.aiming     I. positioning    J.investigation     K. exposed The outdoor brand Arc’teryx co-hosted a fireworks show Dragon Ascent with artist Cai Guoqiang in the Himalayas, 11 to honor alpine culture as part of its “Upward to Beauty” series. However, the 52-second show quickly triggered a(n) 12 controversy (争议) over ecological risks. Long promoting “Leave No Trace” and 13 itself as a defender of nature, the brand claimed to use IOC-certified biodegradable materials. But experts argued that in the plateau’s cold, oxygen-poor environment, microbial (微生物的) activity is weak, making material degradation extremely slow-standards for cities are not 14 for the delicate ecosystem.Worse, on-site checks found residual wires and plastic, with obvious artificial trampling (践踏)on the centuries-old alpine grassland. Critics 15 the event of breaking the brand’s core value of “respecting nature”, calling it a contradiction (矛盾) between marketing and responsibility. With public anger 16 , Arc’teryx deleted promotional posts and apologized, but this failed to calm tensions. A bigger backlash (抵制) came when netizens noticed the difference between its domestic and overseas apologies: the former blamed “execution faults”, while the latter admitted conflicting with brand commitments. Local authorities soon set up a(n) 17 team to look into whether the incident was handled according to the rules. The failure 18 the brand’s flawed risk assessment and lack of respect for ecological red lines. For Arc’teryx, once honored with the “Hermes of outdoor gear (装备)”, repairing damaged trust requires more than words — it needs 19 actions to make up for errors, not just promises. This incident has raised critical questions: How should commercial brands balance publicity with environmental protection? As a high-profile case of broken brand credibility, it serves as a striking warning for enterprises connecting their image with 20 . Ultimately, true respect for nature lies not in grand shows, but in consistent obedience to eco-friendly principles. 【答案】 11．H 12．F 13．I 14．A 15．G 16．E 17．J 18．K 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍户外品牌始祖鸟在喜马拉雅山举办烟花秀引发生态争议的事件，探讨商业宣传与环境保护的平衡问题。 11．考查非谓语动词。句意：户外品牌始祖鸟与艺术家蔡国强在喜马拉雅山联合举办了“龙升”烟花秀，旨在致敬高山文化，这是其“向美而行”系列活动的一部分。空格处需填现在分词作伴随状语，“aiming to do”表示“旨在做某事”，结合“honor alpine culture(致敬高山文化)”，此处说明烟花秀的目的，aiming符合语境。故选H。 12．考查形容词。句意：然而，这场52秒的烟花秀很快引发了关于生态风险的严重争议。空格处需填形容词修饰controversy，结合后文“生态风险、草原践踏、残留垃圾”等内容，这场争议影响恶劣，severe意为“严重的”，符合语境。故选F。 13．考查非谓语动词。句意：该品牌长期倡导“无痕山林”理念，并将自己定位为自然的守护者，声称使用的是国际奥委会认证的可生物降解材料。空格处需填现在分词，与promoting并列，“positioning itself as”表示“将自己定位为……”，符合品牌对自身的形象塑造，positioning符合语境。故选I。 14．考查形容词。句意：但专家认为，在高原寒冷、缺氧的环境中，微生物活动微弱，导致材料降解极其缓慢——城市适用的标准并不适合脆弱的生态系统。空格处需填形容词，作表语，“be suitable for”是固定搭配，意为“适合……”，结合“高原环境特殊”，城市标准不适用于此，suitable符合语境。故选A。 15．考查动词。句意：批评者指责该活动违背了品牌“尊重自然”的核心价值观，称其是营销与责任的矛盾。空格处需填动词作谓语，“accused sb. of doing”是固定搭配，意为“指责某人做某事”，结合批评者对活动的负面评价，accused符合语境。故选G。 16．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着公众愤怒情绪的高涨，始祖鸟删除了宣传帖子并道歉，但这未能平息紧张局势。空格处需填现在分词，“with public anger rising”表示“随着公众愤怒情绪的高涨”，rising体现情绪逐渐升级的状态，符合语境。故选E。 17．考查名词。句意：当地政府很快成立了调查小组，以核实该事件是否按规定处理。空格处需填名词修饰team，“investigation team”表示“调查小组”，结合“look into whether the incident was handled according to the rules(核实事件是否按规定处理)”，investigation符合语境。故选J。 18．考查动词。句意：这一失败暴露了该品牌有缺陷的风险评估，以及对生态红线缺乏尊重。空格处需填动词作谓语，结合“flawed risk assessment and lack of respect for ecological red lines(有缺陷的风险评估、缺乏对生态红线的尊重)”，这些问题通过此次事件被揭露，exposed意为“暴露，揭露”，符合语境。故选K。 19．考查形容词。句意：对于曾被誉为“户外装备爱马仕”的始祖鸟来说，修复受损的信任需要的不仅仅是语言——它需要真诚的行动来弥补错误，而不仅仅是承诺。空格处需填形容词修饰actions，结合“弥补错误、修复信任”，需要的是真实的行动，genuine意为“真诚的，真实的”，符合语境。故选B。 20．考查名词。句意：作为一起引人注目的品牌信誉受损案例，它给那些将自身形象与可持续发展挂钩的企业敲响了警钟。空格处需填名词，作with的宾语，结合前文“环境保护”的核心话题，企业形象与可持续发展相关，sustainability意为“可持续性，可持续发展”，符合语境。故选D。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to 21 . That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be 22 to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. Unfortunately, the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages, preventing the 23 of many potential polyglots (通晓多种语言者). As a constantly 24 and complex organ, the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty. Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently. “Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of 25 and we’re very attentive when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. “For most, it can take years to reach 26 in a foreign language.” According to The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons 27 the language learning process. The FSI also reports that languages more 28 to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. 29 languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. These estimates reflect a strict study model, involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week. It is 30 to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone. “No one can learn, as an adult, a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,” says Ortega. “In theory, it’s a great thing, but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.” At the same time, while adults benefit from motivation and 31 efforts, children approach learning differently, and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to 32 new connections. Children tend to learn new languages more 33 , may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages, and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources. Adults, meanwhile, can employ customized 34 to improve their language learning experience. 35 , they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques. Still, scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought, suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood. 21．A．set off B．hold out C．pick up D．make for 22．A．accustomed B．exposed C．instructed D．imposed 23．A．emergence B．supervision C．guidance D．absence 24．A．restoring B．evolving C．adopting D．inferring 25．A．self-doubt B．self-esteem C．self-criticism D．self-regulation 26．A．mastery B．agreement C．coverage D．dimension 27．A．hint B．integrate C．affect D．speed 28．A．unique B．similar C．respective D．resistant 29．A．In essence B．By contrast C．In addition D．To some extent 30．A．invaluable B．conventional C．unrealistic D．distinctive 31．A．deliberate B．random C．joint D．ideal 32．A．masking B．grasping C．narrowing D．reforming 33．A．instinctively B．consciously C．mutually D．duly 34．A．formats B．gestures C．attainments D．strategies 35．A．As  a  whole B．For instance C．In conclusion D．By the way 【答案】 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．C 28．B 29．B 30．C 31．A 32．B 33．A 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出早期学习语言的优势被过度强调，而成人学习语言也有其独特优势，受多种因素影响，不同年龄层学习语言各有特点，且认知过程复杂。 21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：长期以来，人们一直认为，学习新技能越早，就越容易掌握。A. set off出发；B. hold out坚持；C. pick up(不费力地)获得，学会；D. make for走向，导致。根据后文“That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be ____ to a second language.”可知，人们认为儿童时期是学习第二语言的最佳时期，而前文为这一观点提供了理论支撑，即学习新技能越早，就越容易掌握。故选C项。 22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这也是为什么儿童时期曾被认为是接触第二语言的最佳时期的部分原因。A. accustomed使习惯于；B. exposed使接触；C. instructed指导；D. imposed强加。根据后文“to a second language”以及常识可知，儿童时期是接触第二语言的最佳时期。故选B项。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这种想法增加了人们对年龄较大的人快速适应新语言能力的怀疑，阻碍了许多潜在的多语言者的出现。A. emergence出现；B. supervision监督；C. guidance指导；D. absence缺席。根据前文“increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages”可推知，这种想法让人们怀疑年龄较大的人适应新语言的能力，会让成年人对新语言学习望而却步，阻碍了潜在的多语言者的出现。故选A项。 24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为不断进化的、复杂的器官，人类大脑在青春期后仍保留着进行高等学习的巨大潜力。A. restoring恢复；B. evolving进化，发展；C. adopting采用；D. inferring推断。根据常识和后文“and complex organ, the human brain”可知，人类大脑是不断进化、复杂的器官。故选B项。 25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：乔治敦大学语言学教授Lourdes Ortega说：“研究表明，成年人在许多领域都是更好的学习者，因为我们具备更强的自我调节能力，而且当我们想学习某样东西时，我们会非常专注。”A. self-doubt自我怀疑；B. self-esteem自尊；C. self-criticism自我批评；D. self-regulation自我调节。根据后文“we’re very attentive when we want to learn something”可知，成年人想学习时会非常专注，说明有更强的自我调节能力。故选D项。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对大多数人来说，要达到一门外语的精通程度可能需要数年时间。A. mastery精通，掌握；B. agreement协议；C. coverage覆盖范围；D. dimension方面。根据常识和前文“take years”可推知，需要数年时间才能达到对一门外语的精通程度。故选A项。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：据美国外交服务学院(FSI)称，一个人的天赋、他们以前的语言经验以及课程的连贯性等因素都会影响语言学习进程。A. hint暗示；B. integrate整合；C. affect影响；D. speed加速。根据前文“factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons”和常识可知，一个人的天赋、语言经验和课程的连贯性都是影响语言学习进程的因素。故选C项。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：FSI还报告说，与自己语言更相似的语言，如西班牙语或法语，可以相对较快地学会——通常在24-30周左右。A. unique独特的；B. similar相似的；C. respective各自的；D. resistant抵抗的。根据后文“to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly”和“with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks.”可知，如果所学语言，比如西班牙语或法语，与英语相似，学起来会更快。故选B项。 29．考查介词短语辨析。句意：相比之下，与英语有显著文化差异的语言，如希腊语或俄语，通常需要大约44周的时间。A. In essence本质上；B. By contrast相比之下；C. In addition此外；D. To some extent在某种程度上。前文“like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks.”与后文“languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks”把两种情况进行了对比。故选B项。 30．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：期望任何个人单独遵循如此苛刻的时间表是不现实的。A. invaluable无价的；B. conventional传统的；C. unrealistic不现实的；D. distinctive独特的。根据后文“expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone”和常识可知，让任何个人单独遵循苛刻的时间表是不现实的。故选C项。 31．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，尽管成年人受益于学习动机和刻意练习，儿童的学习方式却截然不同——在掌握新知识关联时，两个年龄群体各自具备独特的优势与短板。A. deliberate故意的，刻意的；B. random随机的；C. joint联合的；D. ideal理想的。根据前文“we’re very attentive when we want to learn something”和“adults benefit from motivation”可知，成年人有学习动机，会非常专注和刻意地努力，并从中受益。故选A项。 32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，尽管成年人受益于学习动机和刻意练习，儿童的学习方式却截然不同——在掌握新知识关联时，两个年龄群体各自具备独特的优势与短板。A. masking掩盖；B. grasping掌握；C. narrowing变窄；D. reforming改革。根据前文“approach learning differently”可知，句中讨论了学习的方式，结合常识，学习需要掌握新知识的关联。故选B项。 33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：孩子们倾向于本能地学习新语言，可能有更多机会玩和尝试新语言，并且可能在没有翻译应用程序或其他资源帮助的情况下被迫适应。A. instinctively本能地；B. consciously有意识地；C. mutually相互地；D. duly适当地。根据后文“may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages”可知，孩子们有更多机会玩和尝试新语言，不需要明确的学习动机和刻意的练习，倾向于本能地学习新语言。故选A项。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，成年人可以采用定制的策略来改善他们的语言学习体验。A. formats格式；B. gestures手势；C. attainments成就；D. strategies策略。根据后文“to improve their language learning experience”可推知，成年人改善语言学习体验需要策略。故选D项。 35．考查介词短语辨析。句意：例如，他们创建自己的记忆系统或可视化技术。A. As a whole整体上；B. For instance例如；C. In conclusion总之；D. By the way顺便说一下。根据后文“they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques”可知，此处是在举例说明成年人可以采用的策略。故选B项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A A trove of unpublished poems by the late Irish poet Seamus Heaney is set to be printed alongside his collected and uncollected poems, published together for the first time. The Poems of Seamus Heaney will feature his 12 collections interspersed (穿插) with poems published in magazines, journals and newspapers, plus 25 poems selected from Heaney’s large number of unpublished works. Many of the unpublished poems are housed in the National Library of Ireland (NLI) , where the poet bequeathed (遗赠) his literary papers before his death in 2013. Whether or not they should be published was an “absolutely core question”, said Matthew Hollis, a poet and a long-term editor of Heaney, who worked with the poet’s family and fellow editors Rosie Lavan and Bernard O’Donoghue over the last decade to put together the collection. “If an author chose not to publish a poem, does anyone else have the right to do so?” However, given that Heaney had passed the poems to the NLI, “we didn’t get a sense that he wished them to remain private”, said Hollis. Some of the poems they looked at had not reached a state of completion that “perhaps Seamus himself would have been satisfied” with, which is why he may have set them aside. The chosen unpublished poems are included in the appendix, so as to separate them from the works published in Heaney’s lifetime. The book also features a commentary by the editors, which “situates” the poems. Reading his 12 collections together, there is a “clear sense of moving between subjects and periods”, said Hollis. The first four have a “common project in the ground and in the bog metaphor”, which he used to write about Ireland’s history and the Troubles; there is then a “middle period” focused on domestic life and fatherhood; and finally a later period in which he “seems to face out and addresses worldly subjects”, including 9/11 and the 7/7 bombings. Putting together the collection, Hollis was struck by “quite how hardworking Seamus Heaney was”. When writers reach a reputation so “internationally profound”, there can be “an assumption that somehow it’s easy for them, or that they simply have a supreme gift that the rest of us don’t have.” But Heaney’s many drafts make clear “how many avenues he would turn up and then turn back having not reached the right place”, said Hollis. He had a busy life as a lecturer and father, and “quite a number” of drafts are time-stamped “three o’clock in the morning”. Some poems would take years to arrive in their final form. “Even knowledgeable readers may be surprised at the depth and the vigour with which Seamus would work in order to bring the latent poem to the surface.” 36．What can we learn about the unpublished poems in The Poems of Seamus Heaney? A．They were first made public by Heaney’s family. B．They were separately placed in the appendix. C．They were compiled by Matthew Hollis alone. D．They were published against the author’s will. 37．Why did some of Heaney’s poems remain incomplete or set aside? A．They were meant to separate from his other works. B．Heaney was too occupied to revise and perfect them. C．They possibly did not meet Heaney’s own criteria. D．Heaney had intended to donate them to the NLI. 38．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Seamus Heaney? A．He was a passionate and insightful poet. B．He wrote to show his supreme talent. C．He created poems fast on various themes. D．He worked day and night for his family. 39．What does the underlined quote in the last paragraph imply? A．Heaney struck a great balance between lecturing and fatherhood. B．Heaney went to many places and wrote poems on the spot. C．Heaney spent a great amount of time polishing his works. D．Heaney had to switch many themes to find inspiration. 【答案】36．B 37．C 38．A 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了已故诗人谢默斯・希尼的诗集即将出版，收录其各类诗作，提及编辑对未出版诗作的考量、其作品的创作阶段特点及他勤奋的创作历程。 36．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The chosen unpublished poems are included in the appendix, so as to separate them from the works published in Heaney’s lifetime. (最终入选的未出版诗作被纳入附录，以此与诗人在世时发表的作品区分开来。)”可知，未出版诗作被单独收录在附录中。故选B。 37．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some of the poems they looked at had not reached a state of completion that “perhaps Seamus himself would have been satisfied” with, which is why he may have set them aside.. (他们审阅的部分诗作，或许未能达到“希尼本人满意”的完成度，这也是他将这些诗搁置一旁的原因。)”可知，部分诗作被搁置的原因在于未达到诗人自身的满意标准。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据第五段“Reading his 12 collections together, there is a “clear sense of moving between subjects and periods”, said Hollis. The first four have a “common project in the ground and in the bog metaphor”, which he used to write about Ireland’s history and the Troubles; there is then a “middle period” focused on domestic life and fatherhood; and finally a later period in which he “seems to face out and addresses worldly subjects”, including 9/11 and the 7/7 bombings. (霍利斯表示，将希尼的12部诗集通读下来，能“清晰感受到主题与创作时期的流转变化”。他的前四部诗集围绕“土地与沼泽的隐喻”展开统一创作，借这一意象书写爱尔兰的历史与北爱尔兰问题；随后的“中期创作”聚焦家庭生活与为人父的体验；晚年时期的作品则“将目光投向更广阔的世界”，题材涉及 “9・11”事件和伦敦“7・7”爆炸案等国际议题。)”可知，希尼的诗作主题涵盖爱尔兰历史、家庭生活、国际事件等多个维度，体现其对社会深刻的洞察力与热情。故选A。 39．词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Putting together the collection, Hollis was struck by ‘quite how hardworking Seamus Heaney was’. When writers reach a reputation so ‘internationally profound’, there can be ‘an assumption that somehow it’s easy for them, or that they simply have a supreme gift that the rest of us don’t have.’ But Heaney’s many drafts make clear “how many avenues he would turn up and then turn back having not reached the right place, said Hollis. He had a busy life as a lecturer and father, and “quite a number’ of drafts are time-stamped “three o’clock in the morning”. Some poems would take years to arrive in their final form. (在整理诗集的过程中，霍利斯深深折服于“谢默斯・希尼超乎常人的勤奋”。当一位作家的声望达到“享誉国际的高度”时，人们可能会“想当然地认为创作对他们而言轻而易举，或是觉得他们天生拥有旁人难以企及的天赋”。但霍利斯指出，希尼留下的大量草稿表明，‘____________。’身为讲师与父亲，希尼的生活十分忙碌，不少草稿的时间标注着“凌晨三点”。有些诗作历经数年打磨才最终定稿。)”可知，上下文提及希尼的超乎常人的勤奋、大量草稿、凌晨三点还在创作、部分诗作耗时数年定稿等细节，可推测，“how many avenues he would turn up and then turn back having not reached the right place”的意思是他花了大量时间打磨他的作品。故选C。 B Volunteers Needed: Be a “Tech Guide” for Our Seniors! Do you have patience and basic smartphone skills? Do you want to make a real difference in your community? Our popular “Digital Bridge” program is seeking new student volunteers for the upcoming semester! What is “Digital Bridge”? It is a weekly, one-on-one tutoring program where student volunteers help elderly residents in our neighborhood learn essential digital skills. This includes using messaging apps to contact family, making video calls, navigating public transport apps, online shopping basics, and identifying common online scams (骗局). Volunteer Role & Commitment: Commit to one 90-minute session per week for a minimum of one school term. Work patiently with one or two assigned seniors at the community library. Use prepared, simple teaching materials (provided by us). Benefits for You: Earn official community service hours. Develop communication, teaching, and empathy skills. Hear fascinating life stories and build meaningful cross-generational friendships. Receive a certificate of appreciation and a letter of recommendation for outstanding volunteers. Requirements: Students in Grade 10-12. Responsible, patient, and friendly. Interview required. If you are interested, please apply by September 15th through our online form on the school’s community service webpage. Help bridge the digital divide and connect with the wisdom of another generation! Community Service Office & Sunshine Neighborhood Committee September 1, 2026 40．What is the main responsibility of a “Tech Guide” volunteer? A．To repair broken smartphones for the community. B．To teach elderly residents basic digital skills. C．To organize social events for neighborhood seniors. D．To develop new apps for public transportation. 41．Which of the following is a benefit for volunteers? A．They receive a weekly salary for their time. B．They get free smartphones from the program. C．They earn community service hours and certificates. D．They are guaranteed a job after graduation. 42．What is required to become a volunteer? A．A university student studying computer science. B．Committing to at least three sessions per week. C．Passing a written test on advanced technology. D．A patient and responsible high school student. 【答案】40．B 41．C 42．D 【导语】文章主要介绍社区“数字桥梁”学生技术向导志愿者的招募详情。 【详解】40．细节理解题。根据What is “Digital Bridge”?部分中“It is a weekly, one-on-one tutoring program where student volunteers help elderly residents in our neighborhood learn essential digital skills.(这是一个每周一对一的辅导项目，学生志愿者帮助社区老年居民学习基础数字技能)”可知，技术向导志愿者的主要职责是教老年人基础数字技能。 41．细节理解题。根据Benefits for You:部分中“Earn official community service hours.(获得官方社区服务时长)”以及“Receive a certificate of appreciation and a letter of recommendation for outstanding volunteers.(优秀志愿者可获感谢信与推荐信)”可知，志愿者可以获得社区服务时长和证书。 42．细节理解题。根据Requirements:部分中“Students in Grade 10-12.(面向10至12年级学生)”和“Responsible, patient, and friendly.(为人负责、耐心、友善)”可知，志愿者需要是耐心、有责任心的高中生。 C As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D．A．power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D．A．the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 43．Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A．It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B．It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C．It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D．It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 44．It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A．tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B．the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C．racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D．light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 45．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A．The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B．The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C．The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D．The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 46．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B．Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C．Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D．What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes 【答案】43．C 44．A 45．D 46．C 【导语】文章主要讲述了美国上诉法院裁定烟草公司长期欺诈消费者，呼吁参议院授权FDA对其进行监管。 【详解】43．细节理解题。​ 根据第一段中“The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in.(这项裁决清楚地表明，烟草公司几十年来一直从事欺骗性和有害的行为，不能指望它们自行改革。监管监督是约束它们的最佳机会)”可知，参议员参考该裁决有助于认清外部监管的必要性。 44．推理判断题。​ 根据第三段“Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks.(凯斯勒法官发现，这些公司操纵香烟设计以提供成瘾剂量的尼古丁，虚假否认二手烟致病，并虚假宣称淡味和低焦油香烟的健康风险更低)”可推断，烟草公司在损害消费者健康的情况下造成了其成瘾。 45．细节理解题。​ 根据第五段“The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed.(这些公司抗议称，它们不应受制于此类要求，理由是它们此前已在与46个州及哥伦比亚特区达成的和解协议框架下同意采取多项补救措施。上诉小组对此抗议并不认同，这一立场是完全正确的)”可知，烟草公司的抗议是徒劳的。 46．主旨大意题。​ 文章通篇围绕烟草公司长期欺诈、不可信任展开，并呼吁加强监管。C项“Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted(一次骗子，永远是骗子：为何烟草行业不可信)”最能概括全文主旨，适合作为标题。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The essence of friendship is two brains resonating with the world in the same way Friendship often feels like magic: a sudden click, a sense that someone else’s mind works in rhythm with your own. For years, we’ve explained this as shared interests or compatible personalities. But neuroscience is beginning to suggest something deeper: 47 In one striking study published in Nature Human Behavior, researchers asked strangers to watch the same film clips while their brain activity was scanned. Then, over the following eight months, they tracked who became friends. The results were striking: those who eventually formed close bonds had displayed remarkably similar patterns of neural activity from the very beginning. The overlap was most pronounced in the frontoparietal (额顶的) control network, a region central to how we process emotion and direct our attention. The finding explains a common frustration: Why some people never feel at home in certain circles, however hard they try, while others walk into a new environment and instantly find confidants (知己). 48 And the mismatch can be quietly exhausting, forcing us to translate ourselves again and again, only to realize that the conversation never lands in the same emotional register. 49 It suggests that some friendships are, in a sense, predestined — not by fate, but by the invisible architecture of the mind. The most moving friendships, then, are not achievements of persistence, but gifts of recognition. We do not build it from scratch — we notice it. And when we notice it, the experience feels effortless, as if our minds were already tuned to the same frequency, waiting only to connect. This perspective does not make friendship any less precious. On the contrary, it reveals why finding a true companion feels so rare and profound. 50 When that happens, the relationship carries a quiet certainty: No matter how life bends or scatters us, the resonance is already written into the wiring of our brains. A．The difference may not lie in social skill or charm, but in the compatibility of neural circuits. B．This finding also challenges the comforting belief that time alone creates intimacy. C．Our nervous system detects who processes the chaos of life in ways that mirror our own. D．The miracle is not that we create friendship out of nothing, but that among billions of minds, two can light up in harmony. E．True friendship is rooted not in hobbies or character traits, but in the way our brains are wired to perceive the world. F．The deeper force at work was the way their brains naturally made sense of the world. 【答案】47．E 48．A 49．B 50．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了友谊的本质并非仅仅基于共同的兴趣或性格相投，而是源于大脑感知世界方式的共鸣，这种共鸣使得某些友谊在某种程度上似乎是注定的。 【详解】47．由上文“Friendship often feels like magic: a sudden click, a sense that someone else’s mind works in rhythm with your own. For years, we’ve explained this as shared interests or compatible personalities.(友谊往往感觉像魔法：突然的契合，一种别人的思维与你自己的思维同步的感觉。多年来，我们一直将其解释为共同的兴趣或兼容的个性。)”和“But neuroscience is beginning to suggest something deeper:(但神经科学开始提出更深层次的建议：)”及下文“The results were striking: those who eventually formed close bonds had displayed remarkably similar patterns of neural activity from the very beginning. The overlap was most pronounced in the frontoparietal (额顶的) control network, a region central to how we process emotion and direct our attention.(结果令人震惊：那些最终形成亲密关系的人从一开始就表现出非常相似的神经活动模式。这种重叠在额顶控制网络中最为明显，额顶控制网络是我们处理情绪和引导注意力的核心区域。)”可知，本空要阐述神经科学在友谊本质方面揭示的深层次内容，即真正的友谊不是基于爱好或性格特征，而是基于我们大脑感知世界的方式。E选项“True friendship is rooted not in hobbies or character traits, but in the way our brains are wired to perceive the world.(真正的友谊并不植根于爱好或性格特征，而是植根于我们大脑感知世界的方式。)”能够承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 48．由上文“The finding explains a common frustration: Why some people never feel at home in certain circles, however hard they try, while others walk into a new environment and instantly find confidants (知己). (这一发现解释了一个常见的困惑：为什么有些人无论多么努力，在某些圈子里都永远找不到归属感，而另一些人走进一个新的环境，立刻就能找到知己。)”及下文“And the mismatch can be quietly exhausting, forcing us to translate ourselves again and again, only to realize that the conversation never lands in the same emotional register.(这种不匹配会让人筋疲力尽，迫使我们一次又一次地解释自己，结果却发现对话从未落在相同的情感层面上。)”可知，有些人找不到归属感，有些人能找到知己，本空应针对上述现象给出原因解释，即差异在于神经回路的兼容性。A选项“The difference may not lie in social skill or charm, but in the compatibility of neural circuits.(这种差异可能不在于社交技巧或魅力，而在于神经回路的兼容性。)”能够承上启下，符合题意。故选A。 49．由下文“It suggests that some friendships are, in a sense, predestined — not by fate, but by the invisible architecture of the mind. The most moving friendships, then, are not achievements of persistence, but gifts of recognition. We do not build it from scratch — we notice it.(这表明，从某种意义上说，一些友谊是命中注定的——不是命运，而是无形的心灵结构。因此，最感人的友谊不是坚持不懈的成就，而是认可的礼物。我们不会从头开始构建它，我们会注意到它。)”可知，本空应指出这一发现对传统观念（仅靠时间建立亲密关系）的挑战。B选项“This finding also challenges the comforting belief that time alone creates intimacy.(这一发现也挑战了那种令人欣慰的信念，即仅靠时间就能建立亲密关系。)”与上文关于友谊形成的新观点相呼应，进一步深化了主题，符合题意。故选B。 50．由上文“This perspective does not make friendship any less precious. On the contrary, it reveals why finding a true companion feels so rare and profound.(这种观点并没有让友谊变得不那么珍贵。相反，它揭示了为什么找到一个真正的伴侣感觉如此罕见和深刻)”可知，本空应强调在这种观点下友谊的奇妙之处。D选项“The miracle is not that we create friendship out of nothing, but that among billions of minds, two can light up in harmony.(奇迹不在于我们凭空创造友谊，而在于在数十亿个大脑中，有两个大脑能够和谐共鸣。)”进一步阐述了友谊的奇迹所在，即两个大脑能够和谐共鸣的罕见性，与上文相呼应，符合题意。故选D。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Conflict is a Healthy and Teachable Part of Life We do not typically watch reality TV to learn good communication. That’s why a scene on Love Island US was so unexpected. Chris forgot to ask his partner Huda for her thoughts. When she calmly pointed this out, he admitted his mistake directly. This was a surprisingly grown-up way to handle disagreement on a show often filled with arguments. It reminds us that even in dramatic settings, conflict can be dealt with maturely. Experts agree that conflict is not something to run away from. “Conflict is normal and healthy,” says Rachel Moheban Wachtel, a social worker. In fact, it can be key to building deeper closeness, understanding, and connection between people. An argument can be a useful chance to learn what truly matters to someone else. Dr. Sara Corse adds that difficult conversations also help us understand our own views better. For example, even a simple disagreement about loading a dishwasher can teach us something new about responsibility or personal habits. Avoiding conflict may keep peace temporarily, but it often leads to hidden anger and distance. Facing it bravely, however, can turn a potential fight into a stepping stone for growth. Since many of us are never taught how to manage conflict well, here are two expert methods. The first is to listen with care. Try “understanding reflection,” which means listening actively and then repeating the other person’s point in your own words. The goal is to make them feel heard, not to immediately reply with your own story. This simple act can lower defensiveness and open the door to real discussion. The second method is to pause when emotions run high. If a talk becomes too heated, it is wise to take a short break. Importantly, you should explain that you want to continue the conversation later, when both of you are calmer and can talk more productively. A short pause is not running away — it’s a strategic choice to protect the relationship. In the end, conflict is a natural part of all relationships. Learning to handle it patiently and respectfully is a valuable skill that takes practice. It turns difficult moments into opportunities for personal growth and stronger bonds with others. So next time you face a disagreement, remember: Handled well, conflict is not a threat but a teacher. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】范文一： Conflict, though often avoided, is a healthy and teachable part of life. Experts believe it helps build deeper understanding and connection. Two useful methods are listening with understanding reflection and pausing when emotions run high. Learning to handle conflict patiently turns difficult moments into opportunities for personal growth and stronger relationships. 【导语】文章通过真人秀节目中的正面案例引入，论述冲突是生活中正常且健康的部分，能增进人际亲密与理解；并介绍两种专家推荐的冲突管理方法——积极倾听与适时暂停，最终强调妥善处理冲突可促进个人成长与关系强化。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①A scene on Love Island US shows conflict can be handled maturely even in dramatic settings. ②Experts agree conflict is normal, healthy and key to building deeper closeness, understanding and connection; avoiding conflict leads to hidden anger and distance. ③Two expert methods: “understanding reflection” (active listening and repeating others' points) and pausing when emotions run high with promise to resume later. ④Handled patiently and respectfully, conflict turns difficult moments into opportunities for personal growth and stronger bonds. 2. 缜密构思：将①②整合为“观点确立+重要性”，将③独立为“方法介绍”，将④提炼为“总结升华”，形成“引论—本论—结论”结构。 3. 遣词造句： Conflict, though often avoided, is a healthy and teachable part of life. Experts believe it helps build deeper understanding and connection. Two useful methods are listening with understanding reflection and pausing when emotions run high. Learning to handle conflict patiently turns difficult moments into opportunities for personal growth and stronger relationships. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Conflict, though often avoided, is a healthy and teachable part of life. 运用though引导的让步状语从句的省略形式，精准概括“人们常回避冲突”的普遍现象，表达简洁高级。 【高分句型2】Two useful methods are listening with understanding reflection and pausing when emotions run high. 运用动名词短语作表语，其中when引导时间状语从句，清晰呈现两种方法的并列结构。 【高分句型3】Learning to handle conflict patiently turns difficult moments into opportunities for personal growth and stronger relationships. 动名词短语Learning作主语，turn...into...固定搭配精准点题，将“冲突转化为成长契机”的主旨升华。 IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．初夏，漫山遍野开满了各种叫不出名的野花。(grow) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 In early summer, all over the mountains and plains grow all kinds of unknown wild flowers. 【详解】“初夏”可翻译为in early summer；“漫山遍野”可翻译为all over the mountains and plains，表示地点的状语位于句首时，可使用完全倒装结构；“开满”可用grow，作谓语；“各种”可翻译为all kinds of；“叫不出名的野花”可翻译为unknown wild flowers。本句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语flowers为复数，所以倒装时直接将谓语grow提到主语前。 53．他一走出实验室，就脱下手套，用肥皂反复洗手。(wash) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 As soon as he walked out of the laboratory, he took off his gloves and washed his hands repeatedly with soap. 【详解】句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，“一……就……”用as soon as引导时间状语从句；“走出实验室”为walk out of the laboratory，从句翻译为as soon as he walked out of the laboratory；“脱下手套”用固定短语take off the gloves；“用肥皂反复洗手” 为 wash his hands repeatedly with soap，两个动作为顺承关系，用and连接，因此主语翻译为he took off his gloves and washed his hands repeatedly with soap。 54．花卉展览会刚刚开幕，市民们就迫不及待地从全城各处涌向现场。(open) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Hardly had the flower exhibition opened when citizens couldn’t wait to rush to the site from all over the city. 【详解】“花卉展览会”表达为flower exhibition；“开幕”用给定单词open，此处open作不及物动词；“迫不及待做某事”表达为couldn’t wait to do sth.；“从全城各处”表达为from all over the city；“涌向现场”表达为rush to the site。“花卉展览会开幕”这个动作发生在“市民涌向现场”之前，描述过去发生的动作，描述“刚……就……”常用hardly...when...结构，hardly置于句首时，主句需要部分倒装，主句用过去完成时，将助动词had提到主语前，从句用一般过去时。 55．不管她多忙，她每天都会抽出一些时间陪伴孩子，努力维系和谐的家庭氛围。(however) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】However busy she is, she spares some time every day to accompany her children and tries to maintain a harmonious family atmosphere. 【详解】根据句意以及句子要求提示可知，题干要求用however，它引导让步状语从句的固定结构为however + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语，对应“不管她多忙”，因此从句译为However busy she is，从句放句首后需加逗号。主句中，表示“每天都会抽出一些时间做某事”应为动词短语spare some time every day to do sth；表示“陪伴她的孩子”应为动词短语accompany her children；表示“努力维系和谐的家庭氛围”应为动词短语try to maintain a harmonious family atmosphere；句子描述日常习惯性行为，应为一般现在时。 V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生王明，你所在的学校计划于下个月举办“科技文化节”(Technology and Culture Festival)，拟邀请一位嘉宾为全校师生做主题演讲。筹备组提供了两个候选人方案：方案一：邀请人工智能领域科学家，分享AI前沿发展；方案二：邀请非物质文化遗产传承人，展示传统技艺。目前活动筹备组在征求广大师生意见，请你给筹备组写一邮件，选择其中一个方案并说明理由。你的邮件需包含： 你的选择； 1.支持该选择的理由(至少两点)； 2.对该活动的其它建议(如活动形式、互动环节等)。 (注：邮件中不能出现真实的姓名和学校名称。) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Dear Organizing Committee, I am Wang Ming, a student from Mingqi High School. Regarding the upcoming Technology and Culture Festival, I would like to express my support for inviting the AI scientist. My reasons are as follows. First, artificial intelligence is revolutionizing every field, from healthcare to education. Listening to a leading AI scientist will broaden our horizons and inspire more students to pursue STEM careers. Second, AI and culture are not separate; they can interact deeply. Thus, an AI talk can still connect to culture, showing how technology preserves and reinterprets tradition. In contrast, while a cultural inheritor is valuable, the festival’s “technology” part might be underexplored. I have two suggestions. First, after the lecture, arrange a Q&A session where students can ask about AI ethics. Second, set up a small exhibition corner displaying AI-powered cultural projects. This would blend the two themes seamlessly. Thank you for considering my view. Sincerely, Wang Ming 【导语】题目要求考生以中学生王明的身份，就“科技文化节”嘉宾人选给筹备组写一封建议邮件。 【详解】1.词汇积累 即将到来的：upcoming→ approaching 支持：support→ advocate 保护：preserve→ conserve 鼓舞：inspire → motivate 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：First, artificial intelligence is revolutionizing every field, from healthcare to education. 拓展句：First, artificial intelligence is revolutionizing every field that ranges from healthcare to education. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Thus, an AI talk can still connect to culture, showing how technology preserves and reinterprets tradition. (运用了现在分词作状语以及how引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】First, after the lecture, arrange a Q&A session where students can ask about AI ethics. (运用了where引导的限制性定语从句) 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2025-2026学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Science Of Scratching Mom knew what she was talking about after all: Scratching really does make the itch worse. Good 1 it feels, the burst of ecstasy (狂喜) you get from clawing your irritated skin only prolongs a vicious itch-scratch cycle, putting true relief 2 (far) out of reach. But why? Though itch has troubled our species for thousands of years, scientists have just begun to comprehend the physiological mechanisms 3 it. Over the past couple of decades, research has shown 4 scratching taps into our brains’ reward and immune systems, producing a strange mix of sensations that makes it all but impossible to resist. “You scratch to feel better,” says Brian Kim, a neuroimmunologist at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine, “but in doing so, you actually activate immune pathways that are counterproductive.” In 1660, a definition of itch arose that’s still in use today: an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch. It results from 5 from insect bites and poisonous plants to allergic reactions and skin conditions like eczema (湿疹). Until recently, itch was considered a form of mild pain 6 (arise) from the weak activation of pain receptors. This “intensity theory” speculated that itch stood at one end of the pain spectrum, and 7 (transition) all the way to full-blown suffering as a stimulus grew stronger. But in 2014, Zhou-Feng Chen, an itch researcher then at Washington University, discovered that serotonin (the mood-regulating “happiness hormone”) plays a big role in perpetuating (使永久) the itch-scratch cycle. The research team found that when mice scratch an itch, their brains release a surge of serotonin, resulting in a moment of pure bliss. These results were consistent with a PLOS One study from the previous year, which showed that scratching activates the brain regions 8 (involve) in the reward circuit, a neural network that floods the body with euphoria-inducing chemicals in response to pleasurable activities and substances. It’s the same system 9 underlies addiction, which isn’t surprising if you’ve ever lost an hour scratching at mosquito bites. But Kim notes there’s another side to this coin: the longing not to feel pleasure 10 to ease discomfort. “That’s what’s so complex about it,” he says. “There are different levels at which you need to scratch.” Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．suitable    B．genuine    C． distributed   D．sustainability   E. rising  F. severe G. accused    H.aiming     I. positioning    J.investigation     K. exposed The outdoor brand Arc’teryx co-hosted a fireworks show Dragon Ascent with artist Cai Guoqiang in the Himalayas, 11 to honor alpine culture as part of its “Upward to Beauty” series. However, the 52-second show quickly triggered a(n) 12 controversy (争议) over ecological risks. Long promoting “Leave No Trace” and 13 itself as a defender of nature, the brand claimed to use IOC-certified biodegradable materials. But experts argued that in the plateau’s cold, oxygen-poor environment, microbial (微生物的) activity is weak, making material degradation extremely slow-standards for cities are not 14 for the delicate ecosystem.Worse, on-site checks found residual wires and plastic, with obvious artificial trampling (践踏)on the centuries-old alpine grassland. Critics 15 the event of breaking the brand’s core value of “respecting nature”, calling it a contradiction (矛盾) between marketing and responsibility. With public anger 16 , Arc’teryx deleted promotional posts and apologized, but this failed to calm tensions. A bigger backlash (抵制) came when netizens noticed the difference between its domestic and overseas apologies: the former blamed “execution faults”, while the latter admitted conflicting with brand commitments. Local authorities soon set up a(n) 17 team to look into whether the incident was handled according to the rules. The failure 18 the brand’s flawed risk assessment and lack of respect for ecological red lines. For Arc’teryx, once honored with the “Hermes of outdoor gear (装备)”, repairing damaged trust requires more than words — it needs 19 actions to make up for errors, not just promises. This incident has raised critical questions: How should commercial brands balance publicity with environmental protection? As a high-profile case of broken brand credibility, it serves as a striking warning for enterprises connecting their image with 20 . Ultimately, true respect for nature lies not in grand shows, but in consistent obedience to eco-friendly principles. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to 21 . That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be 22 to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. Unfortunately, the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages, preventing the 23 of many potential polyglots (通晓多种语言者). As a constantly 24 and complex organ, the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty. Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently. “Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of 25 and we’re very attentive when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. “For most, it can take years to reach 26 in a foreign language.” According to The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons 27 the language learning process. The FSI also reports that languages more 28 to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. 29 languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. These estimates reflect a strict study model, involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week. It is 30 to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone. “No one can learn, as an adult, a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,” says Ortega. “In theory, it’s a great thing, but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.” At the same time, while adults benefit from motivation and 31 efforts, children approach learning differently, and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to 32 new connections. Children tend to learn new languages more 33 , may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages, and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources. Adults, meanwhile, can employ customized 34 to improve their language learning experience. 35 , they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques. Still, scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought, suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood. 21．A．set off B．hold out C．pick up D．make for 22．A．accustomed B．exposed C．instructed D．imposed 23．A．emergence B．supervision C．guidance D．absence 24．A．restoring B．evolving C．adopting D．inferring 25．A．self-doubt B．self-esteem C．self-criticism D．self-regulation 26．A．mastery B．agreement C．coverage D．dimension 27．A．hint B．integrate C．affect D．speed 28．A．unique B．similar C．respective D．resistant 29．A．In essence B．By contrast C．In addition D．To some extent 30．A．invaluable B．conventional C．unrealistic D．distinctive 31．A．deliberate B．random C．joint D．ideal 32．A．masking B．grasping C．narrowing D．reforming 33．A．instinctively B．consciously C．mutually D．duly 34．A．formats B．gestures C．attainments D．strategies 35．A．As  a  whole B．For instance C．In conclusion D．By the way Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A A trove of unpublished poems by the late Irish poet Seamus Heaney is set to be printed alongside his collected and uncollected poems, published together for the first time. The Poems of Seamus Heaney will feature his 12 collections interspersed (穿插) with poems published in magazines, journals and newspapers, plus 25 poems selected from Heaney’s large number of unpublished works. Many of the unpublished poems are housed in the National Library of Ireland (NLI) , where the poet bequeathed (遗赠) his literary papers before his death in 2013. Whether or not they should be published was an “absolutely core question”, said Matthew Hollis, a poet and a long-term editor of Heaney, who worked with the poet’s family and fellow editors Rosie Lavan and Bernard O’Donoghue over the last decade to put together the collection. “If an author chose not to publish a poem, does anyone else have the right to do so?” However, given that Heaney had passed the poems to the NLI, “we didn’t get a sense that he wished them to remain private”, said Hollis. Some of the poems they looked at had not reached a state of completion that “perhaps Seamus himself would have been satisfied” with, which is why he may have set them aside. The chosen unpublished poems are included in the appendix, so as to separate them from the works published in Heaney’s lifetime. The book also features a commentary by the editors, which “situates” the poems. Reading his 12 collections together, there is a “clear sense of moving between subjects and periods”, said Hollis. The first four have a “common project in the ground and in the bog metaphor”, which he used to write about Ireland’s history and the Troubles; there is then a “middle period” focused on domestic life and fatherhood; and finally a later period in which he “seems to face out and addresses worldly subjects”, including 9/11 and the 7/7 bombings. Putting together the collection, Hollis was struck by “quite how hardworking Seamus Heaney was”. When writers reach a reputation so “internationally profound”, there can be “an assumption that somehow it’s easy for them, or that they simply have a supreme gift that the rest of us don’t have.” But Heaney’s many drafts make clear “how many avenues he would turn up and then turn back having not reached the right place”, said Hollis. He had a busy life as a lecturer and father, and “quite a number” of drafts are time-stamped “three o’clock in the morning”. Some poems would take years to arrive in their final form. “Even knowledgeable readers may be surprised at the depth and the vigour with which Seamus would work in order to bring the latent poem to the surface.” 36．What can we learn about the unpublished poems in The Poems of Seamus Heaney? A．They were first made public by Heaney’s family. B．They were separately placed in the appendix. C．They were compiled by Matthew Hollis alone. D．They were published against the author’s will. 37．Why did some of Heaney’s poems remain incomplete or set aside? A．They were meant to separate from his other works. B．Heaney was too occupied to revise and perfect them. C．They possibly did not meet Heaney’s own criteria. D．Heaney had intended to donate them to the NLI. 38．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Seamus Heaney? A．He was a passionate and insightful poet. B．He wrote to show his supreme talent. C．He created poems fast on various themes. D．He worked day and night for his family. 39．What does the underlined quote in the last paragraph imply? A．Heaney struck a great balance between lecturing and fatherhood. B．Heaney went to many places and wrote poems on the spot. C．Heaney spent a great amount of time polishing his works. D．Heaney had to switch many themes to find inspiration. B Volunteers Needed: Be a “Tech Guide” for Our Seniors! Do you have patience and basic smartphone skills? Do you want to make a real difference in your community? Our popular “Digital Bridge” program is seeking new student volunteers for the upcoming semester! What is “Digital Bridge”? It is a weekly, one-on-one tutoring program where student volunteers help elderly residents in our neighborhood learn essential digital skills. This includes using messaging apps to contact family, making video calls, navigating public transport apps, online shopping basics, and identifying common online scams (骗局). Volunteer Role & Commitment: Commit to one 90-minute session per week for a minimum of one school term. Work patiently with one or two assigned seniors at the community library. Use prepared, simple teaching materials (provided by us). Benefits for You: Earn official community service hours. Develop communication, teaching, and empathy skills. Hear fascinating life stories and build meaningful cross-generational friendships. Receive a certificate of appreciation and a letter of recommendation for outstanding volunteers. Requirements: Students in Grade 10-12. Responsible, patient, and friendly. Interview required. If you are interested, please apply by September 15th through our online form on the school’s community service webpage. Help bridge the digital divide and connect with the wisdom of another generation! Community Service Office & Sunshine Neighborhood Committee September 1, 2026 40．What is the main responsibility of a “Tech Guide” volunteer? A．To repair broken smartphones for the community. B．To teach elderly residents basic digital skills. C．To organize social events for neighborhood seniors. D．To develop new apps for public transportation. 41．Which of the following is a benefit for volunteers? A．They receive a weekly salary for their time. B．They get free smartphones from the program. C．They earn community service hours and certificates. D．They are guaranteed a job after graduation. 42．What is required to become a volunteer? A．A university student studying computer science. B．Committing to at least three sessions per week. C．Passing a written test on advanced technology. D．A patient and responsible high school student. C As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D．A．power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D．A．the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 43．Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A．It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B．It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C．It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D．It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 44．It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A．tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B．the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C．racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D．light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 45．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A．The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B．The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C．The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D．The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 46．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B．Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C．Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D．What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The essence of friendship is two brains resonating with the world in the same way Friendship often feels like magic: a sudden click, a sense that someone else’s mind works in rhythm with your own. For years, we’ve explained this as shared interests or compatible personalities. But neuroscience is beginning to suggest something deeper: 47 In one striking study published in Nature Human Behavior, researchers asked strangers to watch the same film clips while their brain activity was scanned. Then, over the following eight months, they tracked who became friends. The results were striking: those who eventually formed close bonds had displayed remarkably similar patterns of neural activity from the very beginning. The overlap was most pronounced in the frontoparietal (额顶的) control network, a region central to how we process emotion and direct our attention. The finding explains a common frustration: Why some people never feel at home in certain circles, however hard they try, while others walk into a new environment and instantly find confidants (知己). 48 And the mismatch can be quietly exhausting, forcing us to translate ourselves again and again, only to realize that the conversation never lands in the same emotional register. 49 It suggests that some friendships are, in a sense, predestined — not by fate, but by the invisible architecture of the mind. The most moving friendships, then, are not achievements of persistence, but gifts of recognition. We do not build it from scratch — we notice it. And when we notice it, the experience feels effortless, as if our minds were already tuned to the same frequency, waiting only to connect. This perspective does not make friendship any less precious. On the contrary, it reveals why finding a true companion feels so rare and profound. 50 When that happens, the relationship carries a quiet certainty: No matter how life bends or scatters us, the resonance is already written into the wiring of our brains. A．The difference may not lie in social skill or charm, but in the compatibility of neural circuits. B．This finding also challenges the comforting belief that time alone creates intimacy. C．Our nervous system detects who processes the chaos of life in ways that mirror our own. D．The miracle is not that we create friendship out of nothing, but that among billions of minds, two can light up in harmony. E．True friendship is rooted not in hobbies or character traits, but in the way our brains are wired to perceive the world. F．The deeper force at work was the way their brains naturally made sense of the world. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Conflict is a Healthy and Teachable Part of Life We do not typically watch reality TV to learn good communication. That’s why a scene on Love Island US was so unexpected. Chris forgot to ask his partner Huda for her thoughts. When she calmly pointed this out, he admitted his mistake directly. This was a surprisingly grown-up way to handle disagreement on a show often filled with arguments. It reminds us that even in dramatic settings, conflict can be dealt with maturely. Experts agree that conflict is not something to run away from. “Conflict is normal and healthy,” says Rachel Moheban Wachtel, a social worker. In fact, it can be key to building deeper closeness, understanding, and connection between people. An argument can be a useful chance to learn what truly matters to someone else. Dr. Sara Corse adds that difficult conversations also help us understand our own views better. For example, even a simple disagreement about loading a dishwasher can teach us something new about responsibility or personal habits. Avoiding conflict may keep peace temporarily, but it often leads to hidden anger and distance. Facing it bravely, however, can turn a potential fight into a stepping stone for growth. Since many of us are never taught how to manage conflict well, here are two expert methods. The first is to listen with care. Try “understanding reflection,” which means listening actively and then repeating the other person’s point in your own words. The goal is to make them feel heard, not to immediately reply with your own story. This simple act can lower defensiveness and open the door to real discussion. The second method is to pause when emotions run high. If a talk becomes too heated, it is wise to take a short break. Importantly, you should explain that you want to continue the conversation later, when both of you are calmer and can talk more productively. A short pause is not running away — it’s a strategic choice to protect the relationship. In the end, conflict is a natural part of all relationships. Learning to handle it patiently and respectfully is a valuable skill that takes practice. It turns difficult moments into opportunities for personal growth and stronger bonds with others. So next time you face a disagreement, remember: Handled well, conflict is not a threat but a teacher. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．初夏，漫山遍野开满了各种叫不出名的野花。(grow) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 53．他一走出实验室，就脱下手套，用肥皂反复洗手。(wash) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 54．花卉展览会刚刚开幕，市民们就迫不及待地从全城各处涌向现场。(open) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 55．不管她多忙，她每天都会抽出一些时间陪伴孩子，努力维系和谐的家庭氛围。(however) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生王明，你所在的学校计划于下个月举办“科技文化节”(Technology and Culture Festival)，拟邀请一位嘉宾为全校师生做主题演讲。筹备组提供了两个候选人方案：方案一：邀请人工智能领域科学家，分享AI前沿发展；方案二：邀请非物质文化遗产传承人，展示传统技艺。目前活动筹备组在征求广大师生意见，请你给筹备组写一邮件，选择其中一个方案并说明理由。你的邮件需包含： 你的选择； 1.支持该选择的理由(至少两点)； 2.对该活动的其它建议(如活动形式、互动环节等)。 (注：邮件中不能出现真实的姓名和学校名称。) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共6页） 试题 第4页（共6页） 试题 第1页（共6页） 试题 第2页（共6页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年高二下学期期末模拟卷（上海专用） 英语 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Science Of Scratching Mom knew what she was talking about after all: Scratching really does make the itch worse. Good 1 it feels, the burst of ecstasy (狂喜) you get from clawing your irritated skin only prolongs a vicious itch-scratch cycle, putting true relief 2 (far) out of reach. But why? Though itch has troubled our species for thousands of years, scientists have just begun to comprehend the physiological mechanisms 3 it. Over the past couple of decades, research has shown 4 scratching taps into our brains’ reward and immune systems, producing a strange mix of sensations that makes it all but impossible to resist. “You scratch to feel better,” says Brian Kim, a neuroimmunologist at Mount Sinai’s Icahn School of Medicine, “but in doing so, you actually activate immune pathways that are counterproductive.” In 1660, a definition of itch arose that’s still in use today: an unpleasant sensation that provokes the desire to scratch. It results from 5 from insect bites and poisonous plants to allergic reactions and skin conditions like eczema (湿疹). Until recently, itch was considered a form of mild pain 6 (arise) from the weak activation of pain receptors. This “intensity theory” speculated that itch stood at one end of the pain spectrum, and 7 (transition) all the way to full-blown suffering as a stimulus grew stronger. But in 2014, Zhou-Feng Chen, an itch researcher then at Washington University, discovered that serotonin (the mood-regulating “happiness hormone”) plays a big role in perpetuating (使永久) the itch-scratch cycle. The research team found that when mice scratch an itch, their brains release a surge of serotonin, resulting in a moment of pure bliss. These results were consistent with a PLOS One study from the previous year, which showed that scratching activates the brain regions 8 (involve) in the reward circuit, a neural network that floods the body with euphoria-inducing chemicals in response to pleasurable activities and substances. It’s the same system 9 underlies addiction, which isn’t surprising if you’ve ever lost an hour scratching at mosquito bites. But Kim notes there’s another side to this coin: the longing not to feel pleasure 10 to ease discomfort. “That’s what’s so complex about it,” he says. “There are different levels at which you need to scratch.” Section B Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need. A．suitable    B．genuine    C． distributed   D．sustainability   E. rising  F. severe G. accused    H.aiming     I. positioning    J.investigation     K. exposed The outdoor brand Arc’teryx co-hosted a fireworks show Dragon Ascent with artist Cai Guoqiang in the Himalayas, 11 to honor alpine culture as part of its “Upward to Beauty” series. However, the 52-second show quickly triggered a(n) 12 controversy (争议) over ecological risks. Long promoting “Leave No Trace” and 13 itself as a defender of nature, the brand claimed to use IOC-certified biodegradable materials. But experts argued that in the plateau’s cold, oxygen-poor environment, microbial (微生物的) activity is weak, making material degradation extremely slow-standards for cities are not 14 for the delicate ecosystem.Worse, on-site checks found residual wires and plastic, with obvious artificial trampling (践踏)on the centuries-old alpine grassland. Critics 15 the event of breaking the brand’s core value of “respecting nature”, calling it a contradiction (矛盾) between marketing and responsibility. With public anger 16 , Arc’teryx deleted promotional posts and apologized, but this failed to calm tensions. A bigger backlash (抵制) came when netizens noticed the difference between its domestic and overseas apologies: the former blamed “execution faults”, while the latter admitted conflicting with brand commitments. Local authorities soon set up a(n) 17 team to look into whether the incident was handled according to the rules. The failure 18 the brand’s flawed risk assessment and lack of respect for ecological red lines. For Arc’teryx, once honored with the “Hermes of outdoor gear (装备)”, repairing damaged trust requires more than words — it needs 19 actions to make up for errors, not just promises. This incident has raised critical questions: How should commercial brands balance publicity with environmental protection? As a high-profile case of broken brand credibility, it serves as a striking warning for enterprises connecting their image with 20 . Ultimately, true respect for nature lies not in grand shows, but in consistent obedience to eco-friendly principles. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. It’s long been thought that the earlier you learn new skills, the easier they are to 21 . That’s part of the reason why early childhood was once considered the best time to be 22 to a second language. But whether that holds true has been heavily debated in the scientific community. Unfortunately, the idea has helped increase doubt in older individuals’ ability to quickly adapt to new languages, preventing the 23 of many potential polyglots (通晓多种语言者). As a constantly 24 and complex organ, the human brain retains significant potential for higher learning after puberty. Adults and children simply absorb and learn things differently. “Research shows that adults are better learners in many areas because we have a lot of 25 and we’re very attentive when we want to learn something,” says Lourdes Ortega, a professor of linguistics at Georgetown University. “For most, it can take years to reach 26 in a foreign language.” According to The Foreign Service Institute (FSI), factors such as a person’s natural ability, their previous linguistic experience, and the consistency of their lessons 27 the language learning process. The FSI also reports that languages more 28 to their own, like Spanish or French, can be learned relatively quickly — often in about 24-30 weeks. 29 languages with significant cultural differences from English, such as Greek or Russian, generally require about 44 weeks. These estimates reflect a strict study model, involving several dedicated hours of practice spread across multiple days per week. It is 30 to expect any individual to follow such a demanding schedule alone. “No one can learn, as an adult, a new language unless they love it and unless they make it part of their life,” says Ortega. “In theory, it’s a great thing, but you need to have reasons for it and the time to invest in it.” At the same time, while adults benefit from motivation and 31 efforts, children approach learning differently, and both age groups have unique strengths and weaknesses when it comes to 32 new connections. Children tend to learn new languages more 33 , may have more opportunities to play and experiment with new languages, and may be forced to adapt without the aid of translation apps or other resources. Adults, meanwhile, can employ customized 34 to improve their language learning experience. 35 , they create their own memorization systems or visualization techniques. Still, scientists are discovering that cognitive processes across different ages are far more complex than previously thought, suggesting that learning potential remains significant well beyond early childhood. 21．A．set off B．hold out C．pick up D．make for 22．A．accustomed B．exposed C．instructed D．imposed 23．A．emergence B．supervision C．guidance D．absence 24．A．restoring B．evolving C．adopting D．inferring 25．A．self-doubt B．self-esteem C．self-criticism D．self-regulation 26．A．mastery B．agreement C．coverage D．dimension 27．A．hint B．integrate C．affect D．speed 28．A．unique B．similar C．respective D．resistant 29．A．In essence B．By contrast C．In addition D．To some extent 30．A．invaluable B．conventional C．unrealistic D．distinctive 31．A．deliberate B．random C．joint D．ideal 32．A．masking B．grasping C．narrowing D．reforming 33．A．instinctively B．consciously C．mutually D．duly 34．A．formats B．gestures C．attainments D．strategies 35．A．As  a  whole B．For instance C．In conclusion D．By the way Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A A trove of unpublished poems by the late Irish poet Seamus Heaney is set to be printed alongside his collected and uncollected poems, published together for the first time. The Poems of Seamus Heaney will feature his 12 collections interspersed (穿插) with poems published in magazines, journals and newspapers, plus 25 poems selected from Heaney’s large number of unpublished works. Many of the unpublished poems are housed in the National Library of Ireland (NLI) , where the poet bequeathed (遗赠) his literary papers before his death in 2013. Whether or not they should be published was an “absolutely core question”, said Matthew Hollis, a poet and a long-term editor of Heaney, who worked with the poet’s family and fellow editors Rosie Lavan and Bernard O’Donoghue over the last decade to put together the collection. “If an author chose not to publish a poem, does anyone else have the right to do so?” However, given that Heaney had passed the poems to the NLI, “we didn’t get a sense that he wished them to remain private”, said Hollis. Some of the poems they looked at had not reached a state of completion that “perhaps Seamus himself would have been satisfied” with, which is why he may have set them aside. The chosen unpublished poems are included in the appendix, so as to separate them from the works published in Heaney’s lifetime. The book also features a commentary by the editors, which “situates” the poems. Reading his 12 collections together, there is a “clear sense of moving between subjects and periods”, said Hollis. The first four have a “common project in the ground and in the bog metaphor”, which he used to write about Ireland’s history and the Troubles; there is then a “middle period” focused on domestic life and fatherhood; and finally a later period in which he “seems to face out and addresses worldly subjects”, including 9/11 and the 7/7 bombings. Putting together the collection, Hollis was struck by “quite how hardworking Seamus Heaney was”. When writers reach a reputation so “internationally profound”, there can be “an assumption that somehow it’s easy for them, or that they simply have a supreme gift that the rest of us don’t have.” But Heaney’s many drafts make clear “how many avenues he would turn up and then turn back having not reached the right place”, said Hollis. He had a busy life as a lecturer and father, and “quite a number” of drafts are time-stamped “three o’clock in the morning”. Some poems would take years to arrive in their final form. “Even knowledgeable readers may be surprised at the depth and the vigour with which Seamus would work in order to bring the latent poem to the surface.” 36．What can we learn about the unpublished poems in The Poems of Seamus Heaney? A．They were first made public by Heaney’s family. B．They were separately placed in the appendix. C．They were compiled by Matthew Hollis alone. D．They were published against the author’s will. 37．Why did some of Heaney’s poems remain incomplete or set aside? A．They were meant to separate from his other works. B．Heaney was too occupied to revise and perfect them. C．They possibly did not meet Heaney’s own criteria. D．Heaney had intended to donate them to the NLI. 38．Which of the following statements is TRUE about Seamus Heaney? A．He was a passionate and insightful poet. B．He wrote to show his supreme talent. C．He created poems fast on various themes. D．He worked day and night for his family. 39．What does the underlined quote in the last paragraph imply? A．Heaney struck a great balance between lecturing and fatherhood. B．Heaney went to many places and wrote poems on the spot. C．Heaney spent a great amount of time polishing his works. D．Heaney had to switch many themes to find inspiration. B Volunteers Needed: Be a “Tech Guide” for Our Seniors! Do you have patience and basic smartphone skills? Do you want to make a real difference in your community? Our popular “Digital Bridge” program is seeking new student volunteers for the upcoming semester! What is “Digital Bridge”? It is a weekly, one-on-one tutoring program where student volunteers help elderly residents in our neighborhood learn essential digital skills. This includes using messaging apps to contact family, making video calls, navigating public transport apps, online shopping basics, and identifying common online scams (骗局). Volunteer Role & Commitment: Commit to one 90-minute session per week for a minimum of one school term. Work patiently with one or two assigned seniors at the community library. Use prepared, simple teaching materials (provided by us). Benefits for You: Earn official community service hours. Develop communication, teaching, and empathy skills. Hear fascinating life stories and build meaningful cross-generational friendships. Receive a certificate of appreciation and a letter of recommendation for outstanding volunteers. Requirements: Students in Grade 10-12. Responsible, patient, and friendly. Interview required. If you are interested, please apply by September 15th through our online form on the school’s community service webpage. Help bridge the digital divide and connect with the wisdom of another generation! Community Service Office & Sunshine Neighborhood Committee September 1, 2026 40．What is the main responsibility of a “Tech Guide” volunteer? A．To repair broken smartphones for the community. B．To teach elderly residents basic digital skills. C．To organize social events for neighborhood seniors. D．To develop new apps for public transportation. 41．Which of the following is a benefit for volunteers? A．They receive a weekly salary for their time. B．They get free smartphones from the program. C．They earn community service hours and certificates. D．They are guaranteed a job after graduation. 42．What is required to become a volunteer? A．A university student studying computer science. B．Committing to at least three sessions per week. C．Passing a written test on advanced technology. D．A patient and responsible high school student. C As the senate (参议院) prepares to vote on legislation to empower the Food and Drug Administration to regulate tobacco products, its members would be wise to consult a recent appeals court decision. The decision makes it clear that the tobacco companies have engaged in deceitful and harmful behavior for many decades and cannot be trusted to reform on their own. Regulatory oversight is the best chance to rein them in. The unanimous ruling by a three-judge panel of the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia upheld (维持原判) major elements of a 2016 lower court decision that found big tobacco companies guilty of racketeering (非法获取钱财) and fraud as part of a prolonged campaign to deceive and addict the public. That 1,742-page opinion, submitted by Judge Gladys Kessler, laid out in painstaking detail how the tobacco companies made false statements and suppressed evidence to deny or play down the addictive qualities and the negative health effects of smoking. Judge Kessler found that the companies manipulated the design of cigarettes to deliver addictive dose of nicotine, falsely denied that secondhand smoke caused disease and falsely represented that light and low-tar cigarettes presented fewer health risks. The appeals court not only upheld her decision as legally sound, it also seemed deeply impressed by the “volumes of evidence” and “countless examples of deliberately false statements” underlying many of Judge Kessler’s findings. It also upheld some but not all of the marketing restrictions and other requirements she imposed to prevent the companies from making future false claims and engaging in additional cheating activities. The companies protested that they should not be subjected to such requirements because they had already agreed to numerous remedies under a settlement agreement with 46 states and the District of Columbia. The appeals panel was rightly unimpressed. It upheld the district court’s findings that after the settlement went into effect in 2008, the companies almost immediately began to evade and violate various prohibitions against joint activities and false statements. The House has already voted to give the F. D．A．power to regulate tobacco. Senators, who are getting ready to vote on similar legislation, now have fair warning, if they should need any more, that this is a dishonest industry. It can’t be trusted to behave responsibly or even adhere to agreements it has signed. It is time to grant the F. D．A．the power to regulate the content and marketing of tobacco products. 43．Why would it be wise for the senators to consult a recent appeals court decision before voting? A．It would demonstrate the tobacco industry has failed to reform. B．It would remind the senators of how tobacco companies reap profits through fraudulent practices. C．It would help the senators realize the necessity of external regulation of the tobacco industry. D．It would reveal the many adverse effects of tobacco on health. 44．It can be inferred from Judge Kessler’s findings that ______. A．tobacco companies caused customers’ addiction at the cost of their health B．the negative health effects of smoking have long been underestimated C．racketeering and fraud have blinded the tobacco companies for a long time D．light and low-tar cigarettes pose fewer health risks 45．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraphs 4 & 5? A．The appeals court upheld Judge Kessler’s restrictions and requirements entirely. B．The tobacco companies immediately violated the restrictions imposed by Judge Kessler. C．The appeals panel dismissed the settlement agreement that went into effect in 2008. D．The tobacco companies protested about Judge Kessler’s requirements in vain. 46．Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A．Actions Speak Louder Than Words: Big Tobacco Needs to Show Good Faith B．Old Dogs, New Tricks: The Tobacco Industry’s Reform C．Once a Liar, Always a Liar: Why the Tobacco Industry Can’t Be Trusted D．What’s Done Cannot Be Undone: The Tobacco Industry’s Past Mistakes Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The essence of friendship is two brains resonating with the world in the same way Friendship often feels like magic: a sudden click, a sense that someone else’s mind works in rhythm with your own. For years, we’ve explained this as shared interests or compatible personalities. But neuroscience is beginning to suggest something deeper: 47 In one striking study published in Nature Human Behavior, researchers asked strangers to watch the same film clips while their brain activity was scanned. Then, over the following eight months, they tracked who became friends. The results were striking: those who eventually formed close bonds had displayed remarkably similar patterns of neural activity from the very beginning. The overlap was most pronounced in the frontoparietal (额顶的) control network, a region central to how we process emotion and direct our attention. The finding explains a common frustration: Why some people never feel at home in certain circles, however hard they try, while others walk into a new environment and instantly find confidants (知己). 48 And the mismatch can be quietly exhausting, forcing us to translate ourselves again and again, only to realize that the conversation never lands in the same emotional register. 49 It suggests that some friendships are, in a sense, predestined — not by fate, but by the invisible architecture of the mind. The most moving friendships, then, are not achievements of persistence, but gifts of recognition. We do not build it from scratch — we notice it. And when we notice it, the experience feels effortless, as if our minds were already tuned to the same frequency, waiting only to connect. This perspective does not make friendship any less precious. On the contrary, it reveals why finding a true companion feels so rare and profound. 50 When that happens, the relationship carries a quiet certainty: No matter how life bends or scatters us, the resonance is already written into the wiring of our brains. A．The difference may not lie in social skill or charm, but in the compatibility of neural circuits. B．This finding also challenges the comforting belief that time alone creates intimacy. C．Our nervous system detects who processes the chaos of life in ways that mirror our own. D．The miracle is not that we create friendship out of nothing, but that among billions of minds, two can light up in harmony. E．True friendship is rooted not in hobbies or character traits, but in the way our brains are wired to perceive the world. F．The deeper force at work was the way their brains naturally made sense of the world. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Conflict is a Healthy and Teachable Part of Life We do not typically watch reality TV to learn good communication. That’s why a scene on Love Island US was so unexpected. Chris forgot to ask his partner Huda for her thoughts. When she calmly pointed this out, he admitted his mistake directly. This was a surprisingly grown-up way to handle disagreement on a show often filled with arguments. It reminds us that even in dramatic settings, conflict can be dealt with maturely. Experts agree that conflict is not something to run away from. “Conflict is normal and healthy,” says Rachel Moheban Wachtel, a social worker. In fact, it can be key to building deeper closeness, understanding, and connection between people. An argument can be a useful chance to learn what truly matters to someone else. Dr. Sara Corse adds that difficult conversations also help us understand our own views better. For example, even a simple disagreement about loading a dishwasher can teach us something new about responsibility or personal habits. Avoiding conflict may keep peace temporarily, but it often leads to hidden anger and distance. Facing it bravely, however, can turn a potential fight into a stepping stone for growth. Since many of us are never taught how to manage conflict well, here are two expert methods. The first is to listen with care. Try “understanding reflection,” which means listening actively and then repeating the other person’s point in your own words. The goal is to make them feel heard, not to immediately reply with your own story. This simple act can lower defensiveness and open the door to real discussion. The second method is to pause when emotions run high. If a talk becomes too heated, it is wise to take a short break. Importantly, you should explain that you want to continue the conversation later, when both of you are calmer and can talk more productively. A short pause is not running away — it’s a strategic choice to protect the relationship. In the end, conflict is a natural part of all relationships. Learning to handle it patiently and respectfully is a valuable skill that takes practice. It turns difficult moments into opportunities for personal growth and stronger bonds with others. So next time you face a disagreement, remember: Handled well, conflict is not a threat but a teacher. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．初夏，漫山遍野开满了各种叫不出名的野花。(grow) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 53．他一走出实验室，就脱下手套，用肥皂反复洗手。(wash) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 54．花卉展览会刚刚开幕，市民们就迫不及待地从全城各处涌向现场。(open) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ 55．不管她多忙，她每天都会抽出一些时间陪伴孩子，努力维系和谐的家庭氛围。(however) (汉译英) _________________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学的学生王明，你所在的学校计划于下个月举办“科技文化节”(Technology and Culture Festival)，拟邀请一位嘉宾为全校师生做主题演讲。筹备组提供了两个候选人方案：方案一：邀请人工智能领域科学家，分享AI前沿发展；方案二：邀请非物质文化遗产传承人，展示传统技艺。目前活动筹备组在征求广大师生意见，请你给筹备组写一邮件，选择其中一个方案并说明理由。你的邮件需包含： 你的选择； 1.支持该选择的理由(至少两点)； 2.对该活动的其它建议(如活动形式、互动环节等)。 (注：邮件中不能出现真实的姓名和学校名称。) ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 2 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $