人教版新版九年级上册英语 Unit 2 Inspiring People 知识清单背诵版+默写版

人教版九年级上册 Unit 2 Inspiring People 知识清单（默写版） 一、核心词汇（词形变换+搭配+例句） 1. inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；激励的 词形变换：动词形式_______________（启发；激励）；名词形式_______________（灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物））；形容词形式_______________（受启发的；受到鼓舞的） 搭配：an _______________ person 一个鼓舞人心的人；an _______________ story 一个激励人心的故事；find sb. _______________ 觉得某人令人钦佩 例句：Zhong Yang is an _______________ person because of his efforts to protect plant diversity. （钟扬是一个鼓舞人心的人，因为他为保护植物多样性所做出的努力。） 2. admire v.钦佩；赞赏 词形变换：名词形式_______________（钦佩；赞赏）；形容词形式_______________（令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的）；名词（人）_______________（仰慕者） 搭配：_______________ sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人；_______________ sb.'s courage 钦佩某人的勇气；be _______________ by... 被……钦佩 例句：I _______________ Yuan Longping for his great contribution to agriculture. （我钦佩袁隆平对农业的巨大贡献。） 3. courage n.勇气；勇敢 词形变换：形容词形式_______________（勇敢的；有胆量的）；动词形式_______________（鼓励）；名词形式_______________（鼓励；激励）；反义词_______________（使气馁；阻止） 搭配：full of _______________ 充满勇气；have the _______________ to do sth. 有勇气做某事；lose _______________ 丧失勇气 例句：Wang Yaping is full of _______________ and wisdom. （王亚平充满勇气和智慧。） 4. wisdom n.智慧；才智 5. 词形变换：形容词形式_______________（明智的；有智慧的）；副词形式_______________（明智地） 搭配：full of _______________ 充满智慧；show great _______________ 展现出伟大的智慧；the _______________ of... ……的智慧 例句：Confucius showed great _______________ in his teachings. （孔子在他的教诲中展现出了伟大的智慧。） 5. curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲 词形变换：形容词形式_______________（好奇的）；副词形式_______________（好奇地） 搭配：show _______________ about 对……表现出好奇心；out of _______________ 出于好奇；satisfy one's _______________ 满足某人的好奇心 例句：When he was young, he showed a deep love and _______________ for the things he studied. （他年轻时，对所学的东西表现出深深的热爱和好奇心。） 6. creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的 词形变换：动词形式_______________（创造；创建）；名词形式_______________（创造；作品）；名词（人）_______________（创造者） 搭配：a _______________ person 一个有创造力的人；a _______________ idea 一个有创意的想法；be _______________ in... 在……方面有创意 例句：It was very _______________ of him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum.（他设计卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔非常有创意。） 7. historian n.历史学家 词形变换：名词形式_______________（历史）；形容词形式_______________（历史的；有关历史的） 搭配：a famous _______________ 一位著名的历史学家；become a _______________ 成为一名历史学家 例句：Sima Qian was a great _______________ who wrote the book Shiji. （司马迁是一位伟大的历史学家，他撰写了《史记》。） 8. researcher n.研究人员 词形变换：名词/动词形式_______________（研究） 搭配：a scientific _______________ 一位科学研究员；do _______________ on 对……进行研究 例句：Zhong Yang trained local students to become _______________ in field research. （钟扬培训当地学生成为实地研究的研究人员。） 9. chemist n.化学家 词形变换：名词形式_______________（化学）；形容词形式_______________（化学的） 搭配：a great _______________ 一位伟大的化学家；win the Nobel Prize in _______________ 获得诺贝尔化学奖 例句：Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in _______________ in 1911. （居里夫人于1911年获得诺贝尔化学奖。） 10. physicist n.物理学家 词形变换：名词形式_______________（物理学）；形容词形式_______________（身体的；物理的） 搭配：a famous _______________ 一位著名的物理学家；develop modern _______________ 发展现代物理学 例句：Isaac Newton was a great _______________ who developed modern _______________. （艾萨克·牛顿是一位发展了现代物理学的伟大物理学家。） 11. biologist n.生物学家 词形变换：名词形式_______________（生物学）；形容词形式_______________（生物的；生物学的） 搭配：a well-respected _______________ 一位受人尊敬的生物学家；become a _______________ 成为一名生物学家 例句：Zhong Yang was a well-respected _______________ at Fudan University. （钟扬是复旦大学一位受人尊敬的生物学家。） 12. pioneer n.先驱；拓荒者 词形变换：形容词形式_______________（开创性的；先驱的） 搭配：a _______________ of... ……的先驱；_______________ in the field of 在……领域的先驱 例句：Alan Turing was a _______________ of computer science. （艾伦·图灵是计算机科学的先驱。） 13. hunger n.饥饿 词形变换：形容词形式_______________（饥饿的）；副词形式_______________（饥饿地） 搭配：reduce _______________ 减少饥饿；die of _______________ 死于饥饿；world _______________ 世界性饥饿问题 例句：It was great of Yuan Longping to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce _______________. （袁隆平培育出一种新型水稻来帮助减少饥饿，这非常伟大。） 14. discovery n.发现 词形变换：动词形式_______________（发现）；名词（人）_______________（发现者） 搭配：make a _______________ 做出发现；important _______________ 重要的发现；the _______________ of... ……的发现 例句：Marie Curie made many important _______________ in physics and chemistry. （居里夫人在物理学和化学方面做出了许多重要的发现。） 15. nation n.国家；民族 词形变换：形容词形式_______________（国家的；民族的）；名词形式_______________（国籍） 搭配：a modern _______________ 一个现代化国家；develop into a _______________ 发展成一个国家；the whole _______________ 全国 例句：Brunel helped the UK develop into a modern _______________. （布鲁内尔帮助英国发展成为一个现代化国家。） 16. spread v./n.传播；散布 词形变换：三态同形_______________ → _______________ → _______________ 搭配：_______________ diseases 传播疾病；_______________ to... 传播到……；the _______________ of... ……的传播 例句：It was wonderful of Nightingale to help stop the _______________ of diseases. （南丁格尔帮助阻止了疾病的传播，这真是太好了。） 17. disease n.疾病 词形变换：形容词形式_______________（患病的；病态的） 搭配：suffer from a _______________ 患上疾病；prevent the _______________ of _______________ 预防疾病的传播；a serious _______________ 一种严重的疾病 例句：Nightingale helped people understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the spread of _______________s. （南丁格尔帮助人们了解更清洁的医院对于阻止疾病传播的必要性。） 18. brave adj./v.勇敢的；勇敢面对 词形变换：副词形式_______________（勇敢地）；名词形式_______________（勇敢；勇气） 搭配：_______________ the cold weather 勇敢面对严寒天气；be _______________ enough to do 足够勇敢去做；a _______________ soldier 一个勇敢的士兵 例句：It was very difficult for him to _______________ the cold weather and great heights. （对他来说，勇敢面对严寒天气和高海拔是非常困难的。） 19. necessary adj.必要的；必需的 词形变换：副词形式_______________（必要地；必然地）；名词形式_______________（必要性；必需品）；反义词_______________（不必要的） 搭配：It is _______________ for sb. to do 某人做某事是必要的；a _______________ step 一个必要的步骤 例句：It is _______________ for us to protect the environment. （我们保护环境是必要的。） 20. scientific adj.科学（上）的 词形变换：名词形式_______________（科学）；名词（人）_______________（科学家） 搭配：_______________ research 科学研究；_______________ exploration 科学探索；the _______________ world 科学界 例句：The _______________ world was shaken by the news of Zhong Yang's death. （科学界被钟扬去世的消息震惊了。） 21. exploration n.探索 词形变换：动词形式_______________（探索；考察）；名词（人）_______________（探险家；探索者） 搭配：scientific _______________ 科学探索；space _______________ 太空探索；continue the _______________ of 继续对……的探索 例句：His students will continue on the road of scientific _______________. （他的学生将继续走在科学探索的道路上。） 22. century n.世纪；百年 搭配：in the 19th _______________ 在19世纪；_______________ ago 几个世纪前；over the _______________ 历经数个世纪 例句：Brunel was an important engineer in the 19th _______________. （布鲁内尔是19世纪一位重要的工程师。） 23. collection n.收集物；收藏品 词形变换：动词形式_______________（收集；采集）；名词（人）_______________（收藏家）；形容词形式_______________（集体的；共同的） 搭配：a huge _______________ of 大量的收藏；seed _______________ 种子采集；leave behind a _______________ 留下收藏 例句：Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge _______________ of seeds. （钟扬留下的不仅仅是大量的种子收藏。） 24. wounded adj.受伤的；负伤的 词形变换：名词/动词形式_______________（伤口；使受伤） 搭配：the _______________ soldiers 伤员；_______________ in the war 在战争中受伤 例句：Florence Nightingale volunteered as a nurse to help the _______________ soldiers. （弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔自愿当护士帮助受伤的士兵。） 25. kindness n.善良；仁慈 词形变换：形容词形式_______________（善良的；友好的）；副词形式_______________（温和地；亲切地） 搭配：show _______________ to 对……表现出善意；out of _______________ 出于善意；the same _______________ and care 同样的善意和关怀 例句：Mozi believed everyone should show the same _______________ to everyone else. （墨子认为每个人都应该对其他人表现出同样的善意。） 26. childhood n.童年 词形变换：名词形式_______________（孩子）；形容词形式_______________（幼稚的） 搭配：in one's _______________ 在某人的童年；_______________ dream 童年梦想 例句：Professor Gui's _______________ dream of becoming a space scientist came true. （桂教授成为一名太空科学家的童年梦想实现了。） 27. dynasty n.朝代；王朝 搭配：the Qing _______________ 清朝；during the Han _______________ 在汉朝时期 例句：Emperor Wu of the Han _______________ sent Zhang Qian to find the Yuezhi people. （汉武帝派张骞去寻找月氏人。） 28. flight n.飞行；航班 词形变换：动词形式_______________（飞；飞行）；过去式_______________；过去分词_______________ 搭配：take a _______________ 乘坐航班；a _______________ across the Atlantic 横跨大西洋的飞行 例句：After taking her first _______________ in a plane, Amelia Earhart knew she wanted to become a pilot. （在第一次乘坐飞机飞行后，阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特知道自己想成为一名飞行员。） 29. encourage v.鼓励；激励 词形变换：名词形式_______________（鼓励；激励）；形容词形式_______________（受到鼓励的）；形容词形式_______________（令人鼓舞的） 搭配：_______________ sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；support and _______________ 支持和鼓励 例句：It's really very nice of him to support and _______________ my exchange study here. （他支持和鼓励我在这里交流学习，真的太好了。） 30. inventor n.发明家 词形变换：动词形式_______________（发明）；名词形式_______________（发明；发明物） 搭配：a great _______________ 一位伟大的发明家；the _______________ of the kite 风筝的发明者 例句：It is said that Mozi was the _______________ of the kite. （据说墨子是风筝的发明者。） 31. thinker n.思想家 词形变换：动词形式_______________（思考；想）；过去式_______________；名词形式_______________（思想；想法） 搭配：a great _______________ 一位伟大的思想家；one of the greatest _______________ 最伟大的思想家之一 例句：Mozi was a soldier and inventor, but above all, he was a great _______________. （墨子是一名士兵和发明家，但最重要的是，他是一位伟大的思想家。） 二、核心词组（搭配+例句） 1. look up to 钦佩；仰慕 例句：Many people _______________ Amelia Earhart and find her inspiring. （许多人钦佩阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特，觉得她令人鼓舞。） 2. drop out (of sth.) 辍学；不再参加（后接school等名词） 例句：Michael Faraday _______________ school at an early age, but he became a great scientist. （迈克尔·法拉第很早就辍学了，但他成为了一位伟大的科学家。） 3. come true 实现；成为现实（主语通常是dream/wish/hope等） 例句：Her dream of flying across the Atlantic _______________ in 1932. （她飞越大西洋的梦想在1932年实现了。） 4. leave behind 留下；遗留（可拆开使用：leave sth. behind） 例句：Zhong Yang _______________ more than just a huge collection of seeds. （钟扬留下的不仅仅是大量的种子收藏。 5. live on 继续存在；继续活着（指精神、传统等延续下去） 例句：His love for his job and research _______________ in his students. （他对工作和研究的热爱在他的学生身上延续着。） 6. above all 最重要的是；尤其是（强调最突出的品质或特点） 例句：Mozi was a soldier and inventor, but _______________, he was a great thinker. （墨子是一名士兵和发明家，但最重要的是，他是一位伟大的思想家。） 7. full of courage 充满勇气（描述人物品质） 例句：Amelia Earhart was always a brave child, _______________. （阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特一直是个勇敢的孩子，充满勇气。） 8. full of wisdom 充满智慧（描述人物品质） 例句：Wang Yaping is a woman _______________. （王亚平是一个充满智慧的女性。） 9. never give up 永不放弃（描述坚持不懈的精神） 例句：It is always important to keep going in life — just _______________. （在生活中坚持下去总是重要的——永不放弃。） 10. dream big 志存高远；敢于梦想（鼓励追求远大目标） 例句：It is important for young people to _______________ and work hard. （对年轻人来说，志存高远并努力奋斗是很重要的。） 11. brave the cold weather 勇敢面对严寒天气（brave此处作动词） 例句：It was very difficult for him to _______________ and great heights. （对他来说，勇敢面对严寒天气和高海拔是非常困难的。） 12. make sure 确保；务必（后接that从句或of sth.） 例句：Seed banks _______________ that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. （种子库确保重要的植物不会从世界上永远消失。） 三、核心语法：形式主语 It 的三种句型（详细讲解+例句+练习题） （一）定义 形式主语 It，就是把真正的主语（通常是一个很长的 to do 不定式或 that 从句）放到句子后面，用 It 来“占位”。因为如果真正的主语放在句首，句子就会头重脚轻。 （二）详细用法 （1）It is/was + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.（评价某人的品质或行为） ★ 结构1：It is/was + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 这个句型用来评价某个人做某件事所体现出来的品质。关键在于——这里的形容词描述的是“人”的品格。你可以把形容词移到 sb. 前面，写成 sb. is/was adj.，句子照样通顺。 常用形容词：kind, nice, brave, clever, creative, wise, careful, careless, generous, foolish, silly, polite, rude 例句：It was very _______________ of him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum.（他设计卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔非常有创意。） 例句：It was really very _______________ of him to support and encourage my exchange study here.（他支持和鼓励我在这里交流学习，真的太好了。） 例句：It was _______________ of Victor Hugo to stand up for the common people he cared about.（维克多·雨果为他所关心的普通民众挺身而出，非常勇敢。） （2）It is/was + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.（描述做某事对某人来说怎么样） ★ 结构2：It is/was + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 这个句型描述的是“事情”本身的性质。这里的形容词描述的是“事情”，不是“人”。不能把形容词移到 sb. 前面去。 常用形容词：difficult, easy, important, necessary, impossible, possible, hard, dangerous, convenient, interesting 例句：It was very _______________ for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. （对他来说，勇敢面对严寒天气和高海拔是很困难的。） 例句：It is _______________ for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. （种子库包含许多不同种类的种子是很重要的。） 例句：It seemed _______________ for him to finish his task or to return home. （对他来说，完成任务或返回家乡似乎是不可能的。） （3）It is/was + adj. + that...（表达“某件事是……的”） ★ 结构3：It is/was + adj. + that + 主语从句 这个句型后面跟的是 that 引导的从句，It 仍然是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 后面的整个从句。 常用形容词：amazing, wonderful, inspiring, surprising, clear, true, important, necessary, likely 例句：It was _______________ that he did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school.（他尽管辍学了，还在物理学和化学方面做研究，这真令人惊叹。） 例句：It was really _______________ that he never forgot his task. （他从未忘记自己的使命，这真是既勇敢又令人钦佩。） 例句：It is always _______________ to read about great people and learn their stories. （阅读伟人的故事并学习他们的经历总是令人鼓舞的。） （4）of vs for 对比（必记） 判断方法：把形容词移到 sb. 前面试试：如果 sb. is adj. 说得通，就用 of；如果说不通，就用 for。 【of 句型】形容词描述人的品质。判断方法：sb. is adj. ✅ 说得通 → 用 of 【for 句型】形容词描述事情的性质。判断方法：sb. is adj. ❌ 说不通 → 用 for （三）易错点总结（必记） 易错点1：of 和 for 混淆 ❌ It was very nice for him to support my study. → ✅ It was very nice _______________ him to support my study. nice 描述人的品质（He was nice ✅），所以用 of，不用 for。 易错点2：that 从句误用 of/for ❌ It was amazing of him that he did research. → ✅ It was amazing _______________ he did research. that 从句本身就是完整的主语从句，前面不需要 of/for sb.。 易错点3：形式主语用错代词 ❌ This is important for us to learn English well. → ✅ _______________ is important for us to learn English well. 形式主语只能用 It，不能用 This 或 That。 易错点4：to do 遗漏 to ❌ It was brave of him face the danger. → ✅ It was brave of him _______________ face the danger. of/for sb. 后面的不定式必须带 to，不能省略。 易错点5：形容词与介词搭配错误 ❌ It is difficult of me to finish the work. → ✅ It is difficult _______________ me to finish the work. difficult 描述事情的性质，所以要用 for。 语法练习题 A. 单项选择 A. 单项选择 ( ) 1. It was very creative ______ him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum. A. for B. of C. to D. with ( ) 2. It is important ______ seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. A. for B. of C. to D. with ( ) 3. It was amazing ______ he did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. A. of him that B. for him that C. that D. what ( ) 4. It was brave ______ the soldier to save the child from the river. A. for B. of C. to D. with ( ) 5. ______ is necessary for us to protect the environment. A. This B. That C. It D. What ( ) 6. It is important ______ everyone to show kindness and care to others. A. for B. of C. to D. with B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空 7. It was very kind of you ______ (help) me with my homework. 8. It is necessary for students ______ (read) more books. 9. It is ______ (wonder) that she won two Nobel Prizes in her life. 10. It was really brave and ______ (admire) that he never forgot his task. 11. It seemed ______ (possible) for him to finish his task at that time. 12. It is always ______ (inspire) to read about great people and learn their stories. C. 句型转换 13. He was very creative to design the glass pyramid.（用It改写） 14. For Zhong Yang, it was very difficult to brave the cold weather.（改为同义句） 15. He did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. That was amazing.（合并为一句） 四、单元书面表达总结（写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板） 话题：An Inspiring Person / A Person I Admire （一）写作框架梳理（4段式） 第一段（开头，1-2句）：总起引入——直接点明你最钦佩的人是谁 核心句式：To me, one of the most inspiring people is... / The person I admire most is..., who is full of courage and wisdom. 第二段（中间1，3-4句）：事迹与品质 核心句式：It was very difficult for him/her to..., but he/she never gave up. / It was really brave/admirable of him/her to... 第三段（中间2，2-3句）：影响与传承 核心句式：His/Her love for... lives on in... / It is/was inspiring that... 第四段（结尾，2句）：感悟与升华 核心句式：His/Her story teaches us that it is always important for us to... / I admire him/her because he/she is full of... （二）高分词汇/词组积累 基础词→高分替换词： good → admirable brave → courageous important → significant hard → demanding help → support and encourage great → outstanding / remarkable never give up → persist in / stick to 高分词组： ① be full of courage and wisdom满怀勇气与智慧 ② look up to敬仰；仰慕；钦佩 ③ dream big 胸怀大志 ④ never give up 永不放弃 ⑤ leave behind 留下；遗留；抛下 ⑥ live on 依靠……生活；以……为食； ⑦ stand up for 挺身而出； ⑧ make a difference 带来改变；有所作为；产生影响 （三）参考范文 An Inspiring Person in My Heart To me, one of the most inspiring people is Zhong Yang. He was a biology professor at Fudan University who spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. Zhong Yang spent over 16 years collecting plant seeds in Xizang. It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights, but he never gave up. He collected more than 40 million seeds and trained many students to continue his work. I admire him because he is full of courage and wisdom. His story teaches us that it is always important for us to dream big and never give up, no matter how hard the journey is. （四）写作模板（万能模板） An Inspiring Person in My Heart To me, one of the most inspiring people is ________（你最钦佩的人的名字）. He/She is a ________（职业/身份）who ________（概括其主要贡献或品质）. ________（此人姓名）spent many years ________（主要事迹：做了什么）. It was very ________（形容词）for him/her to ________（遇到的困难或挑战）, but he/she never gave up. He/She ________（具体成就或结果）. It was ________（形容词）of him/her to ________（评价其品质）. His/Her love for ________（他/她热爱的事业）lives on in ________（精神传承的对象）. It is inspiring that ________（令人鼓舞的事实）. I admire him/her because he/she is full of ________（品质）. His/Her story teaches us that it is always important for us to ________（号召或感悟）. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 人教版九年级上册 Unit 2 Inspiring People 知识清单（背诵版） 一、核心词汇（词形变换+搭配+例句） 1. inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的；激励的 词形变换：动词形式inspire（启发；激励）；名词形式inspiration（灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物））；形容词形式inspired（受启发的；受到鼓舞的） 搭配：an inspiring person 一个鼓舞人心的人；an inspiring story 一个激励人心的故事；find sb. inspiring 觉得某人令人钦佩 例句：Zhong Yang is an inspiring person because of his efforts to protect plant diversity. （钟扬是一个鼓舞人心的人，因为他为保护植物多样性所做出的努力。） 2. admire v.钦佩；赞赏 词形变换：名词形式admiration（钦佩；赞赏）；形容词形式admirable（令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的）；名词（人）admirer（仰慕者） 搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人；admire sb.'s courage 钦佩某人的勇气；be admired by... 被……钦佩 例句：I admire Yuan Longping for his great contribution to agriculture. （我钦佩袁隆平对农业的巨大贡献。） 3. courage n.勇气；勇敢 词形变换：形容词形式courageous（勇敢的；有胆量的）；动词形式encourage（鼓励）；名词形式encouragement（鼓励；激励）；反义词discourage（使气馁；阻止） 搭配：full of courage 充满勇气；have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事；lose courage 丧失勇气 例句：Wang Yaping is full of courage and wisdom. （王亚平充满勇气和智慧。） 4. wisdom n.智慧；才智 词形变换：形容词形式wise（明智的；有智慧的）；副词形式wisely（明智地） 搭配：full of wisdom 充满智慧；show great wisdom 展现出伟大的智慧；the wisdom of... ……的智慧 例句：Confucius showed great wisdom in his teachings. （孔子在他的教诲中展现出了伟大的智慧。） 5. curiosity n.好奇心；求知欲 词形变换：形容词形式curious（好奇的）；副词形式curiously（好奇地） 搭配：show curiosity about 对……表现出好奇心；out of curiosity 出于好奇；satisfy one's curiosity 满足某人的好奇心 例句：When he was young, he showed a deep love and curiosity for the things he studied. （他年轻时，对所学的东西表现出深深的热爱和好奇心。） 6. creative adj.有创造力的；创造性的 词形变换：动词形式create（创造；创建）；名词形式creation（创造；作品）；名词（人）creator（创造者） 搭配：a creative person 一个有创造力的人；a creative idea 一个有创意的想法；be creative in... 在……方面有创意 例句：It was very creative of him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum. （他设计卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔非常有创意。） 7. historian n.历史学家 词形变换：名词形式history（历史）；形容词形式historical（历史的；有关历史的） 搭配：a famous historian 一位著名的历史学家；become a historian 成为一名历史学家 例句：Sima Qian was a great historian who wrote the book Shiji. （司马迁是一位伟大的历史学家，他撰写了《史记》。） 8. researcher n.研究人员 词形变换：名词/动词形式research（研究） 搭配：a scientific researcher 一位科学研究员；do research on 对……进行研究 例句：Zhong Yang trained local students to become researchers in field research. （钟扬培训当地学生成为实地研究的研究人员。） 9. chemist n.化学家 词形变换：名词形式chemistry（化学）；形容词形式chemical（化学的） 搭配：a great chemist 一位伟大的化学家；win the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 获得诺贝尔化学奖 例句：Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911. （居里夫人于1911年获得诺贝尔化学奖。） 10. physicist n.物理学家 词形变换：名词形式physics（物理学）；形容词形式physical（身体的；物理的） 搭配：a famous physicist 一位著名的物理学家；develop modern physics 发展现代物理学 例句：Isaac Newton was a great physicist who developed modern physics. （艾萨克·牛顿是一位发展了现代物理学的伟大物理学家。） 11. biologist n.生物学家 词形变换：名词形式biology（生物学）；形容词形式biological（生物的；生物学的） 搭配：a well-respected biologist 一位受人尊敬的生物学家；become a biologist 成为一名生物学家 例句：Zhong Yang was a well-respected biologist at Fudan University. （钟扬是复旦大学一位受人尊敬的生物学家。） 12. pioneer n.先驱；拓荒者 词形变换：形容词形式pioneering（开创性的；先驱的） 搭配：a pioneer of... ……的先驱；pioneer in the field of 在……领域的先驱 例句：Alan Turing was a pioneer of computer science. （艾伦·图灵是计算机科学的先驱。） 13. hunger n.饥饿 词形变换：形容词形式hungry（饥饿的）；副词形式hungrily（饥饿地） 搭配：reduce hunger 减少饥饿；die of hunger 死于饥饿；world hunger 世界性饥饿问题 例句：It was great of Yuan Longping to develop a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger. （袁隆平培育出一种新型水稻来帮助减少饥饿，这非常伟大。） 14. discovery n.发现 词形变换：动词形式discover（发现）；名词（人）discoverer（发现者） 搭配：make a discovery 做出发现；important discoveries 重要的发现；the discovery of... ……的发现 例句：Marie Curie made many important discoveries in physics and chemistry. （居里夫人在物理学和化学方面做出了许多重要的发现。） 15. nation n.国家；民族 词形变换：形容词形式national（国家的；民族的）；名词形式nationality（国籍） 搭配：a modern nation 一个现代化国家；develop into a nation 发展成一个国家；the whole nation 全国 例句：Brunel helped the UK develop into a modern nation. （布鲁内尔帮助英国发展成为一个现代化国家。） 16. spread v./n.传播；散布 词形变换：三态同形spread → spread → spread 搭配：spread diseases 传播疾病；spread to... 传播到……；the spread of... ……的传播 例句：It was wonderful of Nightingale to help stop the spread of diseases. （南丁格尔帮助阻止了疾病的传播，这真是太好了。） 17. disease n.疾病 词形变换：形容词形式diseased（患病的；病态的） 搭配：suffer from a disease 患上疾病；prevent the spread of disease 预防疾病的传播；a serious disease 一种严重的疾病 例句：Nightingale helped people understand the need for cleaner hospitals to stop the spread of diseases. （南丁格尔帮助人们了解更清洁的医院对于阻止疾病传播的必要性。） 18. brave adj./v.勇敢的；勇敢面对 词形变换：副词形式bravely（勇敢地）；名词形式bravery（勇敢；勇气） 搭配：brave the cold weather 勇敢面对严寒天气；be brave enough to do 足够勇敢去做；a brave soldier 一个勇敢的士兵 例句：It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. （对他来说，勇敢面对严寒天气和高海拔是非常困难的。） 19. necessary adj.必要的；必需的 词形变换：副词形式necessarily（必要地；必然地）；名词形式necessity（必要性；必需品）；反义词unnecessary（不必要的） 搭配：It is necessary for sb. to do 某人做某事是必要的；a necessary step 一个必要的步骤 例句：It is necessary for us to protect the environment. （我们保护环境是必要的。） 20. scientific adj.科学（上）的 词形变换：名词形式science（科学）；名词（人）scientist（科学家） 搭配：scientific research 科学研究；scientific exploration 科学探索；the scientific world 科学界 例句：The scientific world was shaken by the news of Zhong Yang's death. （科学界被钟扬去世的消息震惊了。） 21. exploration n.探索 词形变换：动词形式explore（探索；考察）；名词（人）explorer（探险家；探索者） 搭配：scientific exploration 科学探索；space exploration 太空探索；continue the exploration of 继续对……的探索 例句：His students will continue on the road of scientific exploration. （他的学生将继续走在科学探索的道路上。） 22. century n.世纪；百年 搭配：in the 19th century 在19世纪；centuries ago 几个世纪前；over the centuries 历经数个世纪 例句：Brunel was an important engineer in the 19th century. （布鲁内尔是19世纪一位重要的工程师。） 23. collection n.收集物；收藏品 词形变换：动词形式collect（收集；采集）；名词（人）collector（收藏家）；形容词形式collective（集体的；共同的） 搭配：a huge collection of 大量的收藏；seed collection 种子采集；leave behind a collection 留下收藏 例句：Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. （钟扬留下的不仅仅是大量的种子收藏。） 24. wounded adj.受伤的；负伤的 词形变换：名词/动词形式wound（伤口；使受伤） 搭配：the wounded soldiers 伤员；wounded in the war 在战争中受伤 例句：Florence Nightingale volunteered as a nurse to help the wounded soldiers. （弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔自愿当护士帮助受伤的士兵。） 25. kindness n.善良；仁慈 词形变换：形容词形式kind（善良的；友好的）；副词形式kindly（温和地；亲切地） 搭配：show kindness to 对……表现出善意；out of kindness 出于善意；the same kindness and care 同样的善意和关怀 例句：Mozi believed everyone should show the same kindness to everyone else. （墨子认为每个人都应该对其他人表现出同样的善意。） 26. childhood n.童年 词形变换：名词形式child（孩子）；形容词形式childish（幼稚的） 搭配：in one's childhood 在某人的童年；childhood dream 童年梦想 例句：Professor Gui's childhood dream of becoming a space scientist came true. （桂教授成为一名太空科学家的童年梦想实现了。） 27. dynasty n.朝代；王朝 搭配：the Qing Dynasty 清朝；during the Han Dynasty 在汉朝时期 例句：Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to find the Yuezhi people. （汉武帝派张骞去寻找月氏人。） 28. flight n.飞行；航班 词形变换：动词形式fly（飞；飞行）；过去式flew；过去分词flown 搭配：take a flight 乘坐航班；a flight across the Atlantic 横跨大西洋的飞行 例句：After taking her first flight in a plane, Amelia Earhart knew she wanted to become a pilot. （在第一次乘坐飞机飞行后，阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特知道自己想成为一名飞行员。） 29. encourage v.鼓励；激励 词形变换：名词形式encouragement（鼓励；激励）；形容词形式encouraged（受到鼓励的）；形容词形式encouraging（令人鼓舞的） 搭配：encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事；support and encourage 支持和鼓励 例句：It's really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here. （他支持和鼓励我在这里交流学习，真的太好了。） 30. inventor n.发明家 词形变换：动词形式invent（发明）；名词形式invention（发明；发明物） 搭配：a great inventor 一位伟大的发明家；the inventor of the kite 风筝的发明者 例句：It is said that Mozi was the inventor of the kite. （据说墨子是风筝的发明者。） 31. thinker n.思想家 词形变换：动词形式think（思考；想）；过去式thought；名词形式thought（思想；想法） 搭配：a great thinker 一位伟大的思想家；one of the greatest thinkers 最伟大的思想家之一 例句：Mozi was a soldier and inventor, but above all, he was a great thinker. （墨子是一名士兵和发明家，但最重要的是，他是一位伟大的思想家。） 二、核心词组（搭配+例句） 1. look up to 钦佩；仰慕 例句：Many people look up to Amelia Earhart and find her inspiring. （许多人钦佩阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特，觉得她令人鼓舞。） 2. drop out (of sth.) 辍学；不再参加（后接school等名词） 例句：Michael Faraday dropped out of school at an early age, but he became a great scientist. （迈克尔·法拉第很早就辍学了，但他成为了一位伟大的科学家。） 3. come true 实现；成为现实（主语通常是dream/wish/hope等） 例句：Her dream of flying across the Atlantic came true in 1932. （她飞越大西洋的梦想在1932年实现了。） 4. leave behind 留下；遗留（可拆开使用：leave sth. behind） 例句：Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. （钟扬留下的不仅仅是大量的种子收藏。） 5. live on 继续存在；继续活着（指精神、传统等延续下去） 例句：His love for his job and research lives on in his students. （他对工作和研究的热爱在他的学生身上延续着。） 6. above all 最重要的是；尤其是（强调最突出的品质或特点） 例句：Mozi was a soldier and inventor, but above all, he was a great thinker. （墨子是一名士兵和发明家，但最重要的是，他是一位伟大的思想家。） 7. full of courage 充满勇气（描述人物品质） 例句：Amelia Earhart was always a brave child, full of courage. （阿梅莉亚·埃尔哈特一直是个勇敢的孩子，充满勇气。） 8. full of wisdom 充满智慧（描述人物品质） 例句：Wang Yaping is a woman full of wisdom. （王亚平是一个充满智慧的女性。） 9. never give up 永不放弃（描述坚持不懈的精神） 例句：It is always important to keep going in life — just never give up. （在生活中坚持下去总是重要的——永不放弃。） 10. dream big 志存高远；敢于梦想（鼓励追求远大目标） 例句：It is important for young people to dream big and work hard. （对年轻人来说，志存高远并努力奋斗是很重要的。） 11. brave the cold weather 勇敢面对严寒天气（brave此处作动词） 例句：It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. （对他来说，勇敢面对严寒天气和高海拔是非常困难的。） 12. make sure 确保；务必（后接that从句或of sth.） 例句：Seed banks make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. （种子库确保重要的植物不会从世界上永远消失。） 三、核心语法：形式主语 It 的三种句型（详细讲解+例句+练习题） （一）定义 形式主语 It，就是把真正的主语（通常是一个很长的 to do 不定式或 that 从句）放到句子后面，用 It 来“占位”。因为如果真正的主语放在句首，句子就会头重脚轻。 （二）详细用法 （1）It is/was + adj. + of sb. + to do sth.（评价某人的品质或行为） ★ 结构1：It is/was + adj. + of sb. + to do sth. 这个句型用来评价某个人做某件事所体现出来的品质。关键在于——这里的形容词描述的是“人”的品格。你可以把形容词移到 sb. 前面，写成 sb. is/was adj.，句子照样通顺。 常用形容词：kind, nice, brave, clever, creative, wise, careful, careless, generous, foolish, silly, polite, rude 例句：It was very creative of him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum. （他设计卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔非常有创意。） 例句：It was really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here. （他支持和鼓励我在这里交流学习，真的太好了。） 例句：It was brave of Victor Hugo to stand up for the common people he cared about. （维克多·雨果为他所关心的普通民众挺身而出，非常勇敢。） （2）It is/was + adj. + for sb. + to do sth.（描述做某事对某人来说怎么样） ★ 结构2：It is/was + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 这个句型描述的是“事情”本身的性质。这里的形容词描述的是“事情”，不是“人”。不能把形容词移到 sb. 前面去。 常用形容词：difficult, easy, important, necessary, impossible, possible, hard, dangerous, convenient, interesting 例句：It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. （对他来说，勇敢面对严寒天气和高海拔是很困难的。） 例句：It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. （种子库包含许多不同种类的种子是很重要的。） 例句：It seemed impossible for him to finish his task or to return home. （对他来说，完成任务或返回家乡似乎是不可能的。） （3）It is/was + adj. + that...（表达“某件事是……的”） ★ 结构3：It is/was + adj. + that + 主语从句 这个句型后面跟的是 that 引导的从句，It 仍然是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 后面的整个从句。 常用形容词：amazing, wonderful, inspiring, surprising, clear, true, important, necessary, likely 例句：It was amazing that he did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school.（他尽管辍学了，还在物理学和化学方面做研究，这真令人惊叹。） 例句：It was really brave and admirable that he never forgot his task. （他从未忘记自己的使命，这真是既勇敢又令人钦佩。） 例句：It is always inspiring to read about great people and learn their stories. （阅读伟人的故事并学习他们的经历总是令人鼓舞的。） （4）of vs for 对比（必记） 判断方法：把形容词移到 sb. 前面试试：如果 sb. is adj. 说得通，就用 of；如果说不通，就用 for。 【of 句型】形容词描述人的品质。判断方法：sb. is adj. ✅ 说得通 → 用 of 【for 句型】形容词描述事情的性质。判断方法：sb. is adj. ❌ 说不通 → 用 for （三）易错点总结（必记） 易错点1：of 和 for 混淆 ❌ It was very nice for him to support my study. → ✅ It was very nice of him to support my study. nice 描述人的品质（He was nice ✅），所以用 of，不用 for。 易错点2：that 从句误用 of/for ❌ It was amazing of him that he did research. → ✅ It was amazing that he did research. that 从句本身就是完整的主语从句，前面不需要 of/for sb.。 易错点3：形式主语用错代词 ❌ This is important for us to learn English well. → ✅ It is important for us to learn English well. 形式主语只能用 It，不能用 This 或 That。 易错点4：to do 遗漏 to ❌ It was brave of him face the danger. → ✅ It was brave of him to face the danger. of/for sb. 后面的不定式必须带 to，不能省略。 易错点5：形容词与介词搭配错误 ❌ It is difficult of me to finish the work. → ✅ It is difficult for me to finish the work. difficult 描述事情的性质，所以要用 for。 语法练习题 A. 单项选择 ( ) 1. It was very creative ______ him to design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum. A. for B. of C. to D. with ( ) 2. It is important ______ seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. A. for B. of C. to D. with ( ) 3. It was amazing ______ he did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. A. of him that B. for him that C. that D. what ( ) 4. It was brave ______ the soldier to save the child from the river. A. for B. of C. to D. with ( ) 5. ______ is necessary for us to protect the environment. A. This B. That C. It D. What ( ) 6. It is important ______ everyone to show kindness and care to others. A. for B. of C. to D. with 答案与解析： 1.B creative描述人的品质→of 2.A important描述事情性质→for 3.C that引导主语从句 4. B brave描述人的品质→of 5. C 形式主语只能用It 6. A important描述事情性质→for B. 用所给单词的适当形式填空（6题） 7. It was very kind of you ______ (help) me with my homework. 8. It is necessary for students ______ (read) more books. 9. It is ______ (wonder) that she won two Nobel Prizes in her life. 10. It was really brave and ______ (admire) that he never forgot his task. 11. It seemed ______ (possible) for him to finish his task at that time. 12. It is always ______ (inspire) to read about great people and learn their stories. 答案与解析： 7. to help - of sb. + to do 8. to read - for sb. + to do 9. wonderful - It is + adj. + that 10. admirable - admire→admirable 11. impossible - 似乎不可能 12. inspiring - It is + adj. + to do C. 句型转换 13. He was very creative to design the glass pyramid.（用It改写） 14. For Zhong Yang, it was very difficult to brave the cold weather.（改为同义句） 15. He did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. That was amazing.（合并为一句） 答案与解析： (1) It was very creative of him to design the glass pyramid. (2) It was very difficult for Zhong Yang to brave the cold weather. (3) It was amazing that he did research in physics and chemistry even though he dropped out of school. 四、单元书面表达总结（写作指导+高分素材+范文+模板） 话题：An Inspiring Person / A Person I Admire （一）写作框架梳理（4段式） 第一段（开头，1-2句）：总起引入——直接点明你最钦佩的人是谁 核心句式：To me, one of the most inspiring people is... / The person I admire most is..., who is full of courage and wisdom. 第二段（中间1，3-4句）：事迹与品质 核心句式：It was very difficult for him/her to..., but he/she never gave up. / It was really brave/admirable of him/her to... 第三段（中间2，2-3句）：影响与传承 核心句式：His/Her love for... lives on in... / It is/was inspiring that... 第四段（结尾，2句）：感悟与升华 核心句式：His/Her story teaches us that it is always important for us to... / I admire him/her because he/she is full of... （二）高分词汇/词组积累 基础词→高分替换词： good → admirable brave → courageous important → significant hard → demanding help → support and encourage great → outstanding / remarkable never give up → persist in / stick to 高分词组： ① be full of courage and wisdom满怀勇气与智慧 ② look up to敬仰；仰慕；钦佩 ③ dream big 胸怀大志 ④ never give up 永不放弃 ⑤ leave behind 留下；遗留；抛下 ⑥ live on 依靠……生活；以……为食； ⑦ stand up for 挺身而出； ⑧ make a difference 带来改变；有所作为；产生影响 （三）参考范文 An Inspiring Person in My Heart To me, one of the most inspiring people is Zhong Yang. He was a biology professor at Fudan University who spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. Zhong Yang spent over 16 years collecting plant seeds in Xizang. It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights, but he never gave up. He collected more than 40 million seeds and trained many students to continue his work. I admire him because he is full of courage and wisdom. His story teaches us that it is always important for us to dream big and never give up, no matter how hard the journey is. （四）写作模板（万能模板） An Inspiring Person in My Heart To me, one of the most inspiring people is ________（你最钦佩的人的名字）. He/She is a ________（职业/身份）who ________（概括其主要贡献或品质）. ________（此人姓名）spent many years ________（主要事迹：做了什么）. It was very ________（形容词）for him/her to ________（遇到的困难或挑战）, but he/she never gave up. He/She ________（具体成就或结果）. It was ________（形容词）of him/her to ________（评价其品质）. His/Her love for ________（他/她热爱的事业）lives on in ________（精神传承的对象）. It is inspiring that ________（令人鼓舞的事实）. I admire him/her because he/she is full of ________（品质）. His/Her story teaches us that it is always important for us to ________（号召或感悟）. 1 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $