Unit 2 Inspiring People. Section A 知识清单（单词短语句子+知识点+语法点+对点练习）2026-2027学年人教版英语九年级上册

该初中英语知识清单围绕“激励人心的人物”主题，系统梳理Unit 2 Section A的重点词汇、短语及句式。从单词的词形变化（如inspire→inspiring→inspiration）、搭配用法，到短语辨析（如look up to, come true），再到核心句式（如In order to作目的状语），构建从词汇积累到语境应用的学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-句式”递进逻辑呈现，每个知识点配例句、辨析及用法归纳。通过词形转换训练语言能力，对比辨析（如discover与invent）提升思维品质，归纳总结方法增强学习能力，助力学生在主题语境中理解和运用语言知识。

Unit 2 Inspiring People Section A 重点单词 1. inspiring adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的 → inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 inspire sb to do sth 激励某人做某事 → inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物）；灵感 2. admire v. 钦佩；赞赏 → admire sb for (doing) sth 因（做）某事钦佩某人 → admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 3. historian n. 历史学家 → history n. 历史；历史课；历史学 → historical adj. 历史的 4. researcher n. 研究人员 → research n. 调查；研究 v. 研究；调查 5. chemist n. 化学家 → chemistry n. 化学 → chemical adj. 化学的；化工的 6. physicist n. 物理学家 → physics n. 物理；物理学 → physical adj. 物理的；体能的 → physically adv. 身体上 7. hunger n. 饥饿 → die of hunger死于饥饿 → n. 渴望 → hungry adj. 饥饿的；渴望的 8. calendar n. 日历 → check the calendar查看日历 / 日程 → a wall calendar 挂历 9. discovery n. 发现 → discover v. 发现；发觉 → discoverer n. 发现者 10. century n. 世纪 → the + 序数词+ century ……世纪 → in the early/ middle/ late +序数词 + century 在……世纪早期/中期/晚期 11. wounded adj. 受伤的；负伤的 → the wounded伤员；受伤的人 → wound v. 使受伤 n. 伤口 12. nation n. 国家；民族 → the United Nations (UN) 联合国 → the Chinese nation中华民族 13. spread n. 传播；散布 v. (spread, spread) 传播；散布 → the spread of ……的传播/ 蔓延 14. disease n. 疾病 → catch/have a disease 感染 / 患一种疾病 → prevent a disease预防疾病 15. pioneer n. 先驱；先锋 → the pioneer of... ……的先锋/先驱 16. balance n. 平衡 v. 保持平衡 → keep a balance between... and... 在……和……之间保持平衡 → balance... with/and... 使……与……相平衡 17. courage n. 勇气；勇敢 → take courage鼓起勇气 → have the courage to do sth 有勇气做某事 → lose courage失去勇气 → lack courage 缺乏勇气 18. wisdom n. 智慧；学问 → wise adj. 明智的；有智慧的 → wisely adv. 明智地 19. brave adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 v. 勇敢面对；经受（困难） → be brave to do sth 勇敢去做某事 → the brave 勇敢的人 20. necessary adj. 必要的；必需的 → if necessary如果有必要=if it is necessary → It is necessary (for sb) to do sth （某人）有必要做某事 21. western adj. 西方的；西部的 → Western countries 西方国家 22. scientific adj. 科学（上）的 → science n. 科学 → scientist n. 科学家 23. biologist n. 生物学家 → biology n. 生物学 24. whole adj. 所有的；完全的 → the whole day 一整天 25. bank n. 银行 → n.（河、湖等的）岸；堤 26. forever adv. 永远 27. radio n. 无线电；收音机 → on the radio 通过无线电广播；通过收音机 → listen to the radio听广播 28. collection n. 收集物；收藏品 → stamp collection集邮 → collect v. 收集 → collector n. 收藏家；收集者 29. exploration n. 探索 → explore v. 探索 30. universe n. 宇宙 → the universe宇宙 31. hole n. 洞；孔 32. daughter n. 女儿 33. herself pron. 她自己；她本人 34. flight n. 飞行；航班 → catch/miss a flight赶上 / 错过航班 → flight number航班号 35. inventor n. 发明家 → invent v. 发明；创造 → invention n. 发明物；发明 36. period n. 时期；一段时间 → n.（一堂）课；课时 37. kindness n. 善良 → out of kindness 出于善意 38. whether conj. 是否 重点短语 1. a kind of 一种 2. even though 即使；虽然 3. drop out (of sth) 辍学；不再参加 4. at that time 在那时 5. walk in space 出舱活动 6. be full of 充满 7. look up to sb 钦佩/仰慕某人 8. come true 实现；成为现实 9. care about 关心 10. get a chance to do sth得到机会做某事 11. run away 逃跑 12. succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 13. the Western Regions 西域 14. the Silk Road 丝绸之路 15. all kinds of 各种各样的 16. more than 多于；不止 17. leave behind 留下；遗留 18. live on 继续存在；继续活着 19. hundreds of 数以百计的 20. be known for 因……而闻名 21. above all 最重要的是；尤其是 22. the Warring States Period 战国时期 重点句子 1. Who is the person you admire the most? 你们最钦佩的人是谁？ 2. It was very creative of him to design it. 他能设计出这个建筑，真是太有创意了。 3. She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space. 她还是首位在太空进行直播授课的女航天员。 4. In order to help defeat his enemies, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to find the Yuezhi people. 为了协助抗击匈奴，汉武帝派遣张骞出使寻找大月氏人。 5. It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. 对种子库而言，收录多样化的种子至关重要。 6. To me, one of the most inspiring people in Chinese history is Mozi (about 468-376 BCE). 对我而言，中国历史上最鼓舞人心的人物之一是墨子（约公元前 468 年 — 公元前 376 年）。 7. It is said that Mozi was a soldier, good at woodwork, and was the inventor of the kite. But in fact, above all, he was a great thinker. 据说，墨子曾是一名士兵，擅长木工，还是风筝的发明者。但事实上，最重要的是，他是一位伟大的思想家。 单词详解 1. inspiring /ɪn'spaɪərɪŋ/adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的 · Her story of overcoming illness is really inspiring. · The coach gave an inspiring talk before the game, and the team won. · We have been inspired by a speech which was given by Mary! · These events provided the inspiration for his first novel. 归纳 inspiring 常用于描述人、事、言论等带来的积极影响，可作定语、表语。 词形变化：inspire v. 激励；鼓舞；inspired adj. 感到鼓舞的、受启发的；inspiration n. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） 2. admire /əd'maɪə(r)/v. 钦佩；赞赏（教材 P12） · Many students admire Yang Liwei as a hero. · She admires her math teacher for his patience. · His courage won everyone’s admiration. · She has an admirable ability to solve problems. 归纳 同义短语：look up to 常用用法：admire + sb/sth；admire sb for (doing) sth 词形变化：admiration n. 钦佩；admirable adj. 令人钦佩的 3. chemist /'kemɪst/n. 化学家（教材 P12） · The chemist is researching new medicines. · I need to go to the chemist’s for some medicine. · Our chemistry teacher often shows us interesting reactions in class. · Chemical reactions can produce heat. 归纳 chemist 还可表示药剂师、药店； 搭配： at the chemist’s；chemist’s shop 词形变化：chemistry n. 化学；chemical adj. 化学的 4. physicist /'fɪzɪsɪst/n. 物理学家（教材 P12） · Einstein was a famous physicist who developed the theory of relativity. · Tom has learnt about gravity and energy in physics class. · We did a fun physics experiment to see how light bends through a glass of water. · We have physical education class three times a week. · Regular exercise helps keep you physically fit. 归纳 词形变化：physics n. 物理；physical adj. 物理的、体能的；physically adv. 身体上 5. hunger /'hʌŋɡə(r)/n. 饥饿（教材 P12） · In the old days, some people died of hunger in winter. · Many children suffer from hunger during the war. · His hunger for knowledge made him read every book in the library. · Young athletes often hunger for victory on the national stage. · I always feel hungry an hour before dinner. · The dog stared hungrily at the bone. 归纳 hunger 不可数名词，也可表示渴望； 搭配：die of hunger；suffer from hunger；a hunger for sth hunger 也可作动词，hunger for/after sth 渴望得到某物 词形变化：hungry adj. 饥饿的；hungrily adv. 饥饿地 6. discovery /dɪ'skʌvəri/n. 发现（教材 P12） · The discovery of fire changed human history. · The team made a new discovery about ancient animals. · Scientific discoveries help us understand the world better. · X-rays were first discovered by a German scientist, Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. · Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. 归纳 可数 / 不可数名词； 搭配：the discovery of......的发现；make a discovery有发现；scientific discovery科学发现 词形变化：discover v. 发现；discoverer n. 发现者 辨析 discover 发现原本存在的事物 invent：发明原本不存在的新事物 Invent “发明，创造”，指创造发明出新的，原来并不存在的东西。 7. century /'sentʃəri/n. 世纪（教材 P13） · The 19th century saw great changes in industry, like the invention of the steam engine. · It has been famous for its theatres since the early twentieth century. · He was born in the 1990s. 归纳 可数名词，复数：centuries 常用用法：the + 序数词 + century；…世纪 in the early/middle/late + 序数词 + century；在……世纪初期/ 中期/ 晚期 the + 年份 + -s ……世纪……年代 8. wounded /'wuːndɪd/adj. 受伤的；负伤的（教材 P13） · The wounded bird couldn’t fly. · The hospital treated the wounded after the accident. · He was badly wounded in the leg. · The arrow wounded his chest. 归纳 可作定语、表语； 搭配：the wounded；伤员；伤兵 be/get seriously/badly/slightly wounded 受重/ 轻伤 wounded 同时是动词 wound 的过去式和过去分词，意为“使（身体）受伤；伤害” 9. nation /'neɪʃn/n. 国家；民族（教材 P13） · The two nations signed a peace treaty. · China is a nation with a long history. · The Spring Festival is a national holiday in China. · The Olympic Games are an international event. 归纳 可数名词； 搭配： the United Nations (UN) 联合国；the Chinese nation 中华民族 词形变化：national adj. 国家的；international adj. 国际的 辨析 nation： 民族群体 The festival is a symbol of the nation’s traditional culture. 这个节日是该民族传统文化的象征。 country： 地域、国土（地理概念） She loves the natural beauty of her country. 她热爱祖国的自然美景。 state： 国家政权、政府（政治概念） The state provides free education. 政府提供免费教育。 10. spread /spred/n. 传播；散布 v. (spread, spread) 传播；散布（教材 P13） · The spread of online learning has changed education. · The virus spreads easily among children. · Don’t spread false news online. · The city spreads across two sides of the river. 归纳 搭配：the spread of ………的传播/ 蔓延 动词搭配：spread sth；传播/ 散布某物 spread over/across；覆盖/ 遍布 spread out 展开；铺开；分散 过去式、过去分词均为 spread 11. disease /dɪ'ziːz/n. 疾病（教材 P13） · Heart disease is more common in the elderly. · He caught a rare disease when travelling. · Washing hands can help prevent diseases. · He took care of his diseased mother at home. · She missed school because of illness. 归纳 可数 / 不可数名词； 搭配：catch/have a disease；感染 / 患有疾病 prevent a disease；预防疾病 spread a disease diseased 传播疾病 disease 强调“生理/ 病理异常”，即医学上可诊断的“客观疾病状态”（有明确病理基础）。 illness 强调“个人主观感受”，即疾病引发的“不适、痛苦或功能受限”，更侧重“生病的感受”或过程（主观体验）。 12. balance /'bæləns/n. 平衡 v. 保持平衡（教材 P14） · Physical balance is key for athletes. · The plan aims to keep a balance between cost and quality. · We need to balance the advantages and disadvantages. · A balanced diet includes fruit, vegetables and grains. 归纳 名词搭配：keep a balance between... and...使……与……保持平衡； a balance of...……的平衡； lose one’s balance失去平衡 动词用法：balance... with/and... 使……与……保持平衡。balanced adj. 均衡的 13. courage /'kʌrɪdʒ/n. 勇气；勇敢（教材 P14） · No way is impossible to courage. · Failure is the mother of success. Take your courage. · Tom finally had the courage to apologize for his mistake. · She never lost courage even when she faced repeated failures. 归纳 不可数名词； 短语： take courage；鼓起勇气 have the courage to do sth；有勇气做某事 lose courage；失去勇气 lack courage缺乏勇气 14. brave /breɪv/adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 v. 勇敢面对；经受（困难）（教材 P14） · It’s brave of you to help the old man. · Are you brave enough to climb the mountain? · The firemen braved the flames to rescue the family. · He fought bravely in the battle. · His actions showed great bravery. 归纳 用法：be brave to do sth；the brave 勇敢的人 词形变化：bravely adv. 勇敢地；bravery n. 勇敢 15. necessary /'nesəsəri/adj. 必要的；必需的（教材 P15） 观察 · I find it necessary to take notes in class. · Her illness made it necessary for her to stay at home. · Call me if necessary. · It’s necessary for students to follow school rules. · It’s necessary that he (should) learn to manage time. 归纳 常用结构：be necessary for...对……是必要的； make it necessary (for sb) to do sth；使（某人）有必要做某事 if necessary；if necessary = i f it is necessary 如果有必要 It is necessary (for sb) to do sth （对某人来说）做某事是有必要的。 It is necessary + that 从句，从句常用 (should) + 动词原形should 可省略，表虚拟语气 16. western /'westən/adj. 西方的；西部的（教材 P15） 观察 · Many people like travelling to western China. · There are many differences between Eastern and Western cultures. 归纳 常作定语，表西方国家时常写作 Western 构词：west→western；east→eastern；south→southern；north→northern 短语详解 1. drop out (of sth) 辍学；不再参加（教材 P12） ・The documentary tells the story of teens who dropped out of school and made their efforts to rebuild their lives. 这部纪录片讲述了辍学青少年努力重建生活的故事。 ・She dropped out of the competition due to her illness. 她因生病退出了比赛。 ・He dropped his friend off at the library. 他顺路把朋友送到了图书馆。 ・If you’re in the neighborhood, feel free to drop by. 要是你在附近，随时可以顺路过来坐坐。 drop out (of sth) 意为 “辍学；不再参加”。宾语多为 “学校、课程、比赛、组织” 等， drop out of school 辍学。其中 drop 作动词，意为 “放弃，停止”。 含 drop 的其他常见短语： （1） drop off 顺路送；让…… 下车 （2） drop by 顺便访问 （3） drop in on sb 顺便拜访某人 （4） drop in at sp 顺便走访某地 2. look up to sb 钦佩；仰慕（教材 P14） ・She looks up to her elder sister as a role model. 她把姐姐当作榜样来敬仰。 ・She looked up to the sky and noticed a flock of birds flying south. 她抬头看向天空，发现一群鸟儿正往南飞。 ・Look out for the sharp corner! 小心那个尖角！ ・Never look down on others. 永远不要轻视他人。 look up to 意为 “钦佩；仰慕”，相当于 admire。 to 是介词，其后可接名词或代词作宾语。 look up to 还可意为 “仰起头看……”。 look 的其他常用短语： look back at 回顾 look for 寻找 look out for 当心 / 提防…… look after 照顾 look up 查阅 look forward to 期待 look down on/upon 看不起、轻视 3. come true 实现；成为现实（教材 P15） ・His dream of becoming a doctor finally came true. 他当医生的梦想最终实现了。 ・She achieved her dream of opening a small bookstore. 她实现了她开一家小书店的梦想。 Come true 不及物动词短语，其后不能接宾语，其主语一般是表示希望、愿望、梦想等的 make one’s dream come true = achieve one’s dream = realize one’s dream 实现某人的梦想 achieve 及物动词，其主语通常是人，宾语可以是 “实现” 的目标、目的等，也可以是 “达到” 的胜利、成功、地位等 句式详解 In order to help defeat his enemies, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to find the Yuezhi people. 为了帮助击败他的敌人，汉武帝派张骞去寻找月氏人。（教材 P15） 分析结构 In order to help defeat his enemies 是目的状语，表示强调，放在句首。Emperor Wu 是主语，of the Han Dynasty 是介词短语修饰主语，sent 是谓语，Zhang Qian 是宾语，to find the Yuezhi people 是宾语补足语。 ・In order to finish the group project on time, all students work together after class. 为了按时完成小组项目，所有同学课后一起努力。 ・In order not to be late for class, Lucy sets two alarm clocks every night. 为了上课不迟到，露西每晚设两个闹钟。 ・To improve his spoken English, Mike talks with his foreign teacher every week. 为了提高英语口语，迈克每周都和他的外教交谈。 ・They left home at 5:30 a.m. so as to catch the early bus. 为了赶上早班车，他们早上 5 点半就出门了。 ・In order that she can pass the exam, Lily studies every night. 为了能通过考试，莉莉每晚都学习。 ・So that his parents will not worry, Tom calls home. 为了不让他的父母担心，汤姆给家里打了电话。 in order to do sth 作目的状语，说明主句动作的 “目的”，即 “为了做某事”。可位于句首（强调目的）或句末（自然陈述），句首时通常用逗号与主句隔开，句末时一般无需逗号。 目的状语的其他常用结构还有：(not) to do sth, so as (not) to do sth 等不定式短语和 in order that..., so that... 等目的状语从句。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $