第02讲A new start（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新七年级英语新教材外研版

第02讲 A new start （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.能够描述自己的初中校园生活，包括不同的课程和校园活动; 2.能够描述遇到的各种困难和挑战，包括时间管理、学习方法; 3.能够认识到独立思考、合理计划的重要性，为初中学习生活做好准备; 4.能够尽可能多地使用本单元的核心词汇，尤其是生词; 5.能够正确使用人称代词和物主代词,区分各种角色。 学习重点 1.掌握本单元的重点词汇、短语和句型，如 “start”“classmate”“subject”“interesting” 等，并正确运用这些词汇进行简单的表达。 2.学生能够理解并运用基本的日常交际用语，如自我介绍、询问他人信息、表达对新事物的感受等。 学习难点 1. 能够在实际情境中正确、流利地运用所学语言进行交际。 2. 对一些复杂句子的理解和语法的正确运用，如一般现在时的用法等。 3. 了解不同国家和地区学生在新学期开始时的不同习俗和文化，拓宽国际视野。 1. Learning without thinking is of no use. 学而不思则罔。 【详解】 without 用作介词，意为“缺乏；没有”，由with(跟着)+out(出去)→without(没有)。后接名词、代词或者动名词，一般放在动词(短语)或者名词后。without 表示否定，其反义词是 with，表示肯定。 例：Without water, we can't live. 没有水，我们不能生存。 【典例】（2017·新疆·中考真题）Thanks to our teachers. _____________ their help, we couldn’t  make such great progress. A．For B．Without C．With D．About 【答案】B 【详解】句意：多亏我们的老师们。没有他们的帮助，我们就不能取得如此大的进步。 考查介词辨析。for为了；without没有；with有（表示伴随状态）；about关于。根据“多亏我们的老师”可知，句中表示如果没有老师的帮助。故选B。 【即练1】 1. It’s bad for you to go to school without ________ breakfast. A．eat B．have C．to eat D．having 2．________ exciting book Journey to the West is! ________ it, I don’t know how to kill time. A．How; With B．What; With C．How; Without D．What an; Without 3．—Ms Huang, what would you like, tea ________ coffee? —Just a cup of coffee ________ any sugar or milk. A．or; without B．to; without C．for; with D．to; with 【即练2】 1. 没有爱的生活就像一座没有阳光的花园。 A life ________ ________ is like a garden without sunshine. 2. She left the house without _______ (say) goodbye. 3. 微信正在改变我们的生活方式，有些人可以不用纸币买东西。 Wechat will change our way of life, some people can buy things ________ _________ ________. 2. Our English teacher Ms Chen wrote the sentence on the blackboard and said, "Please write this down." 我们的英语老师陈老师把句子写在黑板上，然后说：“请把这句话抄下来。” 【详解】write down 是固定搭配，意为“写下；记下”，如果它的宾语是名词，则名词放在 write 后和 down 后均可。 Please write down these words. = Please write these words down. 请把这些单词写下来。 【注意】如果它的宾语是代词，要把代词放在 write 和 down 之间。 例：These words are important. Please write them down. 这些单词很重要，请把它们写下来。 【典例】 （24-25·内蒙古呼和浩特·阶段检测）The sentence is very important. Why don’t you ________? A．write down it B．write it down C．to write down it D．to write it down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个句子很重要。你为什么不写下来呢？ 考查动词短语和特殊疑问句。write down“写下”，是“动词+副词”型短语，代词作宾语，要放中间；why don’t you do sth.“你为什么不做某事”。故选B。 【即练1】 1. This is a new word. Remember ________. A．to write down it B．to write it down C．to write down them D．writing it down 2．Why not ________ our mistakes in our notebooks? A．write down B．to write down C．write out D．writing out 3. Please turn _______ Page 18 and write _______ the answers. A．to; to B．on; down C．to; down D．on; for 【即练2】 1. Boys and girls, please ________ (write) down your answers in your exercise books. 2．Look at the words on the blackboard. Please write ____ down. (they) 3.The sentence is very important. Why don’t you ________ ________ ________(write down) ? 3. But is it OK to point out the mistake? 但是指出这个错误合适吗？ 【详解1】本句是“It's + adj. (+ for sb. ) + to do sth.”的句式结构，意为“做某事(对某人来说)是……的”，其中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语。 例：It is important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们来说是重要的。 【详解2】 point out 意为“指出”。如果后面宾语是代词，需要把代词放在 point 和 out 之间。 例：Thank you for pointing out my mistakes. 谢谢你指出我的错误。 Who can find the mistake? Please point it out. 谁能发现这个错误？请指出来。 【拓展】point at 意为“指向”，其后要跟表示人或物的名词或代词。point to 指向(强调的是方向)。 例：Don't use your finger to point at others. 不要用你的手指指着别人。 She points to the wrong direction. 她指向错误的方向。 【详解3】mistake 作名词，意为“错误”；mistake 也可以作动词，意为“弄错；误解”。 【搭配】 ①make a mistake/mistakes in... 在……中犯错误 ②by mistake 错误地；无意地 ③mistake A for B 把 A 错当成 B 【典例】（23-24九年级上·全国·随堂练习）It’s rude ________ a person with your chopsticks. A．to point at B．to point out C．point at D．point out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。 考查动词短语。point at指着；point out指出。根据“a person with your chopsticks”可知，此处指“用筷子指着别人”，且动词不定式作主语，故选A。 【即练1】 1. Let’s climb up the hill. Then I can point __________ some sights to you. A．at B．to C．for D．out 2．The teachers ____our mistakes and we must correct them at once. A．send out B．point out C．put out 【即练2】 1. The guide ________ (point) out the interesting places to us during the trip. 2．Little Tom put up his hand and pointed out his teacher’s m________. 3．Please ________ (pointing) out your mistakes from your writing. 4. Questions jumped into my mind. 我脑海中冒出许多问题。 【详解】jump into one's mind 意为“跳进某人的脑海里”。 mind 在此作名词，意为“头脑”。常见的含有名词 mind 的短语有： ①change one's mind 改变某人的主意 ②make up one's mind 下定决心 ③keep sth. in mind 记住某物 【拓展】 mind 还可用作动词，意为“介意；在意”，后面可接动名词作宾语。 never mind 意为“没关系；不要紧”。 “Would/Do you mind (+人称代词宾格或形容词性物主代词) + doing...?”意为“你介意(某人)做……吗？”其否定形式通常在 doing 的前面加 not。 例：Would/Do you mind me (not) closing the window? 你介意我把窗户关上吗？(你介意我不关窗户吗？) 【典例】（25-26八年级下·陕西商洛·期中）I made up my mind ________ one of them, A．become B．to become C．became D．becoming 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我下定决心成为他们中的一个。 固定短语make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”，后接动词不定式作宾语。A项为动词原形，C项为过去式，D项为现在分词或动名词，均不符合该搭配用法，只有B项是动词不定式。 【即练1】 1．—Would you mind ________ the window? It’s a bit cold outside. —Of course not. A．close B．to close C．closing 2．She made up her mind ________ a volunteer to serve the community. A．become B．becoming C．to become D．became 3．— People say that the first 3-5 minutes during a fire is important for saving a life. — Exactly! Everyone should ______ the rule ________. A． stay; on mind B．stay; in mind C．keep;on mind D．keep; in mind 【即练2】 1．Would you mind j________ (加入) the English club? 2．In order to pass down traditional Chinese medicine, she ________（make) up her mind to study it in a medical college from now on. 3．We make up our minds to help the sick children. (改为同义句) We ________ ________ ________ the sick children. 【答案】 decide to help 【详解】句意：我们下定决心帮助生病的孩子。make up one’s mind to do sth.=decide to do sth.，表示“下定决心做某事、决定做某事”。原句为一般现在时，同义句也为一般现在时，主语是We，动词用原形decide，to后面跟动词原形help，应填decide；to；help。 5. I looked up at Ms Chen. 我抬头看着陈老师。 【详解】look up at 意为“向上看；抬头看”。 例：Lily looked up at the sky and found something strange. 莉莉抬头看天空，发现了一些奇怪的东西。 【拓展】 look up 还有两种含义：①查阅；查找；②向上看。 例：The boy is using a dictionary to look up new words. 这个男孩正在用词典查阅生词。 Look up, and you can see some white clouds. 向上看，你可以看到一些白云。 【典例】（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·阶段检测）If you meet some new words. It is a good idea ________ in a dictionary. A．make up them B．looking up them C．to make them up D．to look them up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你遇到一些生词，在字典里查它们是个好主意。 It is a good idea to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是个好主意”，需用动词不定式，排除 B；根据“in a dictionary”可知动作应为“查阅”，look up符合语境，make up“编造”，排除 A、C；“动词 + 副词”结构接代词作宾语时，代词需放在动词和副词之间，即look them up。 【即练1】 1. — Could you tell me some information about the hotels in your country? — Why not ________ on the Internet? A．look for it B．to look for it C．look it up D．look up it 2．The dictionary on the teacher’s desk is used by students to ________ the new words. A．look after B．look up C．look back D．look around 3．When you ________ a new word in a dictionary, make sure you ________ the right meaning. A．look for, look up B．look at, look up C．look up, look for D．look for, look after 【即练2】 1. If you ________ (look) up at the sky on a clear night, you can see lots of stars. 2．突然，他们听到了奇怪的声音并抬头看向天空。 Suddenly, they heard strange noises and _____ ______ ______the sky. 6. I put up my hand. 我举起了手。 【详解】 put up 是固定搭配，意为“举起；抬起”。 例：If you want to ask questions, please put up your hand. 你如果想问问问题，请举起手。 【拓展】 put up 还有“搭建；建起；张贴”之意。 例：Can you help me put up the tent? 你能帮我把帐篷搭起来吗？ Why not put up the posters? 为什么不把海报张贴起来？ 【典例】（25-26七年级上·吉林长春·期中）Sarah, can you help me ________ the picture on the wall? A．put up B．put on C．come true D．come on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Sarah，你能帮我把画挂在墙上吗？ 考查动词短语。put up悬挂；put on穿上；come true实现；come on加油。根据“the picture on the wall”可知，此处表示在墙上悬挂图画。故选A。 【即练1】 1. —Peter, please come here and help me ________ the tent. —OK, I’m coming. A．put on B．cut up C．cut down D．put up 2．Please _______your hand if you have any questions. A．put up B．put on C．put in D．put down 【即练2】 1. If you know the answer, please ________ (put up) your hand. 2．It took Andy a few minutes ________ (put) up the picture on the wall． 7. What is junior high school life like? 初中生活是什么样子的？ 【详解】What's + sth. + like?  某物是什么样子的？用于询问某物的特点、性质等。like 此处用作介词。 —What's your house like? 你们的房子怎么样？ —It's very big. 它非常大。 【拓展】①  What's + sb. + like?  常用来询问某人的性格特征。 —What's your father like? 你爸爸是一个怎样的人？ —He's very friendly. 他很友好。 ②  What + do/does + sb. + look like?  用来询问某人的外貌特征。 —What does your brother look like? 你的哥哥长什么样？ —He is very tall. 他个子很高。 【典例】（25-26七年级下·全国·随堂练习）What ________ the weather be like in London tomorrow? A．will B．do C．does D．are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：明天伦敦的天气将会怎么样？ will将要；do做；does做；are是。根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知句子时态为一般将来时，结构是“will+动词原形”。 【即练1】 1. —What does your pet parrot look like? —It ________ a small head and two colourful wings (翅膀). A．have B．has C．is D．are 2．—________ does Linda look like? —She has a small face, two big eyes and yellow hair. A．When B．Which C．Where D．What 3. —What will you be like in ten years’ time? —_________. A．I like coffee without milk B．I will be tall and slim C．I will visit Beijing D．I like playing the piano 【即练2】 1. The cloud in the sky looks like a white rabbit. （对划线部分提问）   ________ does the cloud ________ ________? 2．Robots will look like humans in the future. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ robots look like? 3．What ______ (be) the people in your hometown like? 8. They hold all kinds of activities, such as cultural festivals and sports meets. 他们举行各种活动，比如文化节和运动会。 【详解1】all kinds of...表示“各种各样的……”，different kinds of...表示“不同种类的……”，都接复数名词。 There are all kinds of toys at the exhibition. 展览会上有各种各样的玩具。 what kind of什么种类的；a kind of一种；kind of“有点儿，有几分”，是副词性短语 He feels kind of tired.他觉得有点儿累。 【详解2】activity名词，意为“活动”，复数形式activities 【拓展】与act相关的词 act v.“行动；表演” 名词 actor男演员 actress女演员 action行动；行为 activity活动 形容词 active活跃的；积极的 【典例】（25-26七年级下·湖北襄阳·期中）The old man grows ________ vegetables in the garden, and the green ones taste ________ delicious. A．all kinds of; a kind of B．kind of; all kinds of C．a kind of; kind of D．all kinds of; kind of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位老人在花园里种了各种各样的蔬菜，这些绿色的蔬菜有点好吃。 all kinds of各种各样的；kind of有点；a kind of一种。第一空后是复数名词vegetables，需要表示“各种各样的”，故用all kinds of；第二空后是形容词delicious，需要表示“有点”，故用kind of。 【即练1】 1. Our neighbors are very kind, because they often ________ us ________ all kinds of problems. A．help; / B．helps; / C．help; with D．helps; with 2. —We should take an ________ part in some ________ as long as they are good for us. —I agree with you. A． actively; activity B．active; activities C．actively; activities 3. I enjoy collecting different ________(kind) of traditional kites from all over China. 【即练2】 1. We stop all kinds of ________ (pollute) to protect our natural outdoor world. 2．This kind of cloth ________ ________ ________ cotton. 3．There are all kinds of ________ in our school. (活动) 9. How many students are there in my class?我班里有多少名学生？ 【详解】how many  意为“多少”，对可数名词的数量进行提问。 how many  后要跟可数名词的复数形式。 How many books are there? 有多少本书？ How many boys are there in your class? 你们班有多少男孩？ 【拓展】  how much  可意为“多少(对不可数名词的量进行提问)”或“多少钱(对物品的价格进行提问)”。 How much water do you need? 你需要多少水？ How much is the bag? 这个包多少钱？ 【典例】（2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—________ strawberries do you want to buy? —Twenty, please. And ________ are they? A．How much; how many B．How many; how many C．How many; how much 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想买多少草莓？——请给我二十个。它们多少钱？ how much多少（对价格提问或对不可数名词的数量进行提问）；how many多少（对数量提问）。strawberries是可数名词复数，询问数量用How many；根据购物情境，第二空询问价格用how much。 【即练1】 1. —How many times have you visited Paris? —________. I went there in 2019 and 2022. A．Once B．Twice C．Three times D．Never 2．—How many floors does the building have? —It has ________ floors. I live on the ________ floor. A．twenty;twentieth B．twenty;twenty C．twentieth;twenty D．twentieth;twentieth 【即练2】 1. 你家有几层？ How many ________ are there in your ________? 2．工作日你们每天上午上几节课？ How many lessons ________ you ________ every morning ________ ________? 3．There is only one sheep on the hill. （对划线部分提问） How many ________ ________ there on the hill? 10. They also help students with their problems.它们还能帮助学生解决遇到的问题。 【详解】help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事，with后接名词/动名词（动词-ing形式），同义结构为help sb.（to）do sth. Tom often helps me learn English.=Tom often helps me with my English. 汤姆经常帮我学英语。 【典例】（20-21七年级下·全国·单元测试）—Can you ________ my English, Jim? —Sorry, I can't. Why not ask Mike for help? His English is great! A．help with B．play with C．think of D．care for 【答案】A 【详解】——吉姆，你可以帮助我学习英语吗？——对不起，我不行。为什么不找麦克帮忙呢？他的英语很好。 考查短语辨析。help with帮助；play with和……一起玩；think of想起；care for关心。根据“Why not ask Mike for help?”可知，此处是想找人寻求帮助，故选A。 【即练1】 1. I have problems with my homework.I want ________Lily________ it. A．to ask; to help. B．ask;help C．ask; to help with D．to ask;to help with 2．（24-25七年级上·广东广州·单元测试）Jim is always ready to ________ me, so he is a ________ friend. A．help, help B．help, helpful C．helpful, helpful D．helpful, help 【即练2】 1. They keep raising money ________ (help) homeless people. 2．It helps us _________ (communicate) with people from other countries. 3．Using cloth bags is very ________ (help) to protect the earth. 11. Come and join us!快来加入我们 【详解】join指“参加、加入（党派、团体等组织）”，join sb.in（doing）sth.意为“加入到某人的某一活动中” 他将和我们一起唱这首歌。He'll join us in singing the song. 【辨析】join,join in,take part in join “参加，加入”，指加入某个组织或团体，成为其成员之一，如参军、入团、入党、加入俱乐部等。 join in “join in+某活动”，相当于“take part in+某活动”。 take part in 指“参加”会议、考试、竞赛或群众性活动，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用 He says he's going to join the army.他说他要参军。 Can I join in the game？我可以参加这个游戏吗？ I didn't take part in the meeting.我没有参加会议。 【典例】（25-26六年级下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）—I love doing sports so much, so I ________ a sports club. —What about ________ our sports meet? A．join, joining in B．join in, joining C．join, join in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我非常喜欢做运动，所以我加入一个体育俱乐部。——参加我们的运动会怎么样？ join指加入组织、团体等；join in指参加活动。第一空宾语为club“俱乐部”，属于组织，用join；第二空宾语为sports meet“运动会”，属于活动，用join in，What about后接动词-ing 形式，后接joining in。 【即练1】 1. why don’t you ________ us to ________ the football game? A．to join; take part in B．join; join C．joins; takes part in D．join; take part in 2. If he _________ free tomorrow, he ________ us . A．will be,   joins B．is,  join C．is,  will join D．will be,  will join 3. Now more and more volunteers ________ the Helping Hands Club and ________ all kinds of activities to help the people in need. A．join in; take part in B．join; take part in C．take part in; join D．take part in; join in 【即练2】 1. 学生们在学校参加许多种课后服务活动。 Students ________ many kinds of after-school clubs at school. 2．如果你加入我们，你可以交到很多新朋友。 If you _______ _______, you can make many friends. 3．I often join in the high jump. (改为同义句) I often ________ ________ ________ the high jump. 12. Can you g give me some advice?你能给我一些建议吗？ 【详解】advice不可数名词，意为“劝告；建议”。 Mrs. Green gave us some advice on how to learn English well. 格林夫人给了我们一些怎样学好英语的建议。 【搭配】a piece of advice一条建议、忠告； ask for sb.'s advice征求某人的意见； give sb. some advice给某人一些建议。 Let me give you a piece of advice.让我给你一个忠告。 【辨析】 advice，suggestion advice 不可数名词 指带有指教性的“意见”或“劝告”。 suggestion 可数名词 指为改进工作或解决困难等而提出的“意见”或“建议”，语气较为委婉。 I'll ask my teacher for advice when I have difficulty in doing something. 每当我做事遇到困难时，我就向老师征求建议。 Father's suggestions are great valuable for me.爸爸的建议对我来说很有价值。 【拓展】advise v.忠告；建议 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事；advise sb. not to do sth.建议某人不做某事；advise doing sth.建议做某事 He advised me to stop smoking.他建议我戒烟。 I advise waiting till the right time.我建议一直等到适当的时候。 【典例】—You should read more after class for your English study. It can help you make ________ progress. —Thank you! What ________ useful advice A．a, / B．/, / C．/, a D．a, a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为了你的英语学习，你应该课后多阅读。它能帮助你取得进步。——谢谢！多么有用的建议！ progress是不可数名词，make progress是固定短语，意为“取得进步”，前面不加冠词；advice是不可数名词，在What引导的感叹句中，结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词”，前面不加冠词。 【即练1】 1. Our teacher always gives us ________ useful advice. A．a B．an C．many D．some 2．—I failed my writing exam. Can you give me a ________? —Sure! I’ll ask my teacher to give you some ________ next class. A．advice; suggestion B．suggestion; advices C．suggestion; advice D．advice; suggestions 3．_________ helpful suggestions our teacher has given us! A．What a B．What C．How D．How a 【即练2】 1. What do you think of this ________? (suggest) 2. I suggest making a list first. (改为同义句) My ________ is ________ make a list first. 13. Dad and Mum protected your boat from winds.爸爸妈妈保护你的船免受风力影响。 【详解】protect为及物动词，意为“保护；防护”，后接名词或代词做宾语。 Protect...against/from...意为“保护……免于……”。强调使不受到伤害或损害。 You should learn to protect yourself. 你应该学会保护自己。 He put on the sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴上太阳镜以保护眼睛免受日光的强烈照射。 【拓展】protection做不可数名词，意为“保护防卫” 【典例】（25-26六年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中）The ________ of the country helps to ________ the wild animals from being harmed. A．protect; protection B．protection; protect C．protective; protect D．protection; protective 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个国家的保护有助于保护野生动物免受伤害。 protect保护（动词）；protection保护（名词）；protective保护的（形容词）。第一空位于定冠词The之后，需填名词protection作主语；第二空位于helps to之后，需填动词原形protect，构成help to do sth.及protect...from...搭配。 【即练1】 1. —Wearing goggles (护目镜) when you are swimming. It’s a good way to ________ your eyes from being injured. —OK. Mom. A． protect B．hold C．save D．stop 2．It’s important ________ us ________ the animals in danger. A．of; to protect B．of; protect C．for; to protect D．for; protect 3．We need the ________ of wild animals. A．protect B．protection C．protected D．to protect 【即练2】 1. Even if you have dark skin, you still need ________ from the sun. (protect) 2．We should protect animals.（改为祈使句） ________ ________ animals. 3．保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。   Protecting wild animals is__________________. 14. But sometimes you have to sail your boat by yourself. Just try your best and work hard.但有时候，你只能独自驾驶自己的船。只要尽全力、努力奋斗即可。 【详解1】yourself是反身代词，反身代词用于强调或表示动作返回到动作执行者本身。 for oneself为/给某人自己。 I can do it for myself.我自己能做这件事。 【常见搭配】 by oneself独自； enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快； 【详解2】try doing sth.“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。 try to do sth.意为“努力或尽力去做某事”，否定形式为try not to do sth.。 They tried making a model plane. 他们试着做一个飞机模型。 He tried to work out the problem. 他努力解出难题。 try/do one's best尽某人最大努力；try/do one's best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事。 I will try my best to help the people in trouble.我会尽最大努力去帮助那些身处困境的人们。 【典例】（24-25七年级下·甘肃天水·期末）Here are different kinds of delicious foods. Help ________, children. A．you B．your C．yours D．yourselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这里有各种各样的美味食物。孩子们，请你们自便。 you你/你们；your你的/你们的；yours你的/你们的；yourselves你们自己。固定搭配help oneself意为“请自便”，根据称呼语“children”可知对象是复数，反身代词应用 yourselves。 【即练1】 1. He can finish his homework by ________. A．he B．his C．himself 2．We enjoyed ________ at the Fuzhou Zoo last weekend. A．our B．ourselves C．us 3．My grandma can use WeChat. She learned it all by ________. A．she B．herself C．her D．hers 【即练2】 1. When we grow up, we should learn to take care of  ________ (we). 2．Mum joined our little group and introduced ________ (她自己) to our new friends. 3．We enjoyed ________ (we) during the school trip last week. 15. 人称代词主格 1.人称代词主格有人称和单复数之分，详见下表： 第一人称 第二人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 I（我） we（我们） you（你） you（你们） 第三人称 单数 复数 he（他） she（她） it（它） they（他/她它们） 2.人称代词主格在句中做主语。 I am a teacher.我是一名老师。 You are tall你个子高。 It is a book.它是本书。 3.人称代词排列顺序 巧学妙记 单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三 You, he and I are in the same class.你，我和他在同一个班。 We, you and they are new students.我们，你们和他们都是新生。 【典例】（24-25七年级下·云南红河·期中）— Is the CD on the desk ________? — No, it’s my brother’s. ________ likes it best. A．you; He B．your; His C．yours; He D．yours; His 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——桌子上的CD是你的吗？——不，它是我哥哥的。他最喜欢它。 第一空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词yours表示“你的CD”；第二空在句中作主语，指代my brother，需用主格人称代词he。因此用yours; He，符合语境。 【即练1】 1. —Dad, could you please teach ________ English? —Sure! But it’s more important to learn it by ________. A．my; you B．me; you C．me; yourself 2．Don’t tell others about it. It’s only between ________ . A．you and I B．you and me C．I and our D．me and your 3．—Whose storybook is this? Is it Teng Fei’s? —It must belong to ________. He read it yesterday. A．him B．himself C．his 【即练2】 1. Ling Ling is a girl. ________ studies in a primary school. (her) 2．The teacher asks _________ (we) to go to school on time. 3.. We admire ________ (she) for her hard work and courage. 16. 物主代词 （1）形容词性物主代词 一、基本用法 形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质，在句中只能做定语，后接名词表示所属关系。 Is that his bike? 那是他的自行车吗？ 第一人称 第二人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 my（我的） our（我们的） your（你的） your（你们的） 第三人称 单数 复数 his（他的） her（她的） its（它的） their（他/她它们的） It's a panda. Its name is Huanhuan.它是一只熊猫。它的名字叫欢欢。 二、特殊用法 1.名词前用了形容词性物主代词就不能再用冠词。 It's my key.那是我的钥匙。 2.与形容词一起修饰名词时，形容词性物主代词要放在形容词的前面。 This is my good friend.这是我的好朋友。 （2）名词性物主代词 1.英语中的名词性物主代词 数人称 类别 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 含义 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的 【典例】（25-26七年级下·福建·阶段检测）I can’t find ________ keys. Can you see ________? A．my; them B．mine; they C．my; their 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我找不到我的钥匙了。你能看见它们吗？ 第一空修饰名词keys，表示“我的”，应用形容词性物主代词my；第二空作动词see的宾语，指代复数名词keys，应用人称代词宾格them。 【即练1】 1. —Is this dictionary yours? —No, ________ is in my schoolbag. A．mine B．yours C．her 2．—David, you left your book on the desk. —It isn’t ________. I think it is ________. A．my; Nick’s B．mine; Nick C．mine; Nick’s D．my; Nick 3. —Li Lin, do you spend Halloween like Americans? —No, we don’t. It is ________ festival, not ________. A．their; our B．theirs; ours C．their; ours D．theirs; our 【即练2】 1. Grandma takes good care of ________ (we) family and cooks nice food for us. 2．This is not my pen. _________ (my) is in my schoolbag. 3．The shoes on the floor are not my friends’. They’re ________ (they). 一、单词拼写 1. I can’t finish the work w______ your help. 2. Please w______ d______ the new words in your notebook. 3. Can you p______ o______ the mistake in this sentence? 4. She finally m______ u______ her m______ to study abroad. 5. There are a______ k______ of flowers in the garden. 2、 单项选择 1.  My sister can dress ______ without help. A. she　　 B. her　　 C. herself　　 D. hers 2.  —______ is your new teacher like? —She is kind and friendly. A. What　　 B. How　　 C. Who　　 D. Which 3.  I often help my mother ______ housework on weekends. A. with　　 B. for　　 C. at　　 D. in 4.  —______ students are there in your class? —Forty. A. How much　　 B. How many　　C. How old　　 D. How often 5. This is ______ book. ______ is on the desk. A. my; Your　　B. mine; Yours　　C. my; Yours　　 D. mine; Your 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Please look after ______ (you) when your parents are away. 2. They have made up ______ (they) mind to join the club. 3. The teacher asked us to write down ______ (we) names on the paper. 4. Can you help ______ (I) with my math? 5. He wants to ______ (join) the music club because he loves singing. 四、完成句子 1. 请抬头看天空。 Please ______ ______ ______ at the sky. 2. 你能给我一些关于如何学习英语的建议吗？ Can you give me some ______ on how to learn English? 3. 他决定加入篮球队。 He ______ ______ ______ to join the basketball team. 4. 他们在墙上贴了一张海报。 They ______ ______ a poster on the wall. 5. 这本书是她的，那本是我们的。 This book is ______, and that one is ______. 五、阅读理解 A Students Buy Teachers Gifts with Special Tickets For students at Pine Island in the US, saying thanks to their teachers is part of their daily life. They buy gifts for their teachers, but they do that in a special way. Do the students ask their parents for money to buy gifts? No. They get tickets (券) by helping others and doing well in school. Then, they use these tickets to buy gifts at the school shop. Every few months, teachers take their classes to the shop. The students have about 20 minutes to spend their tickets. One popular (受欢迎的) gift is the “99 to be kind“ bag. With 99 tickets, students can get a good bag full of all gifts for a teacher. Sometimes, students want to do something more special. For example, TJ Dusendang and classmates, Hudson VanderHoff and Tenley Welch, choose gifts together for their teacher, Wendy Hawes.” We want to do something special because it’s our teacher’s birthday and she’s retiring (退休). This is her last year here,” says fourth-grader TJ Dusendang. The kids want to let her know how much they love her. These gifts are warm surprises for teachers! How do you say thanks to your teachers? Why do the students buy gifts for their teachers? 1．How do the students get tickets for gifts? A．They help at the school shops. B．They ask their parents for money. C．They give others a helping hand. D．They help parents with the housework. 2．What do we know from paragraph 3? A．The students buy one gift each week. B．The students can buy a goodie bag with 99 tickets. C．The students can share gifts with their classmates. D．The students visit the school shop before school. 3．What makes the gift to Wendy Hawes more special? A．There is a surprise party. B．It has her favourite flower. C．It’s a gift from all the students in Grade 4. D．It’s a gift to celebrate her birthday and say goodbye. 4．What is the purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To tell us how to buy gifts. B．To help us work out a problem. C．To give us information about a school. D．To tell us a story about thanking teachers. B John Dawkins is a teacher from America. He teaches English at school. Before class, Mr Dawkins stands outside the classroom. He greets his students there. He doesn’t just say hello to his students. There are some pictures outside the classroom. He lets the students choose their favourite way of greeting from the pictures. They can choose a hand shake , a high five , a fist bump , a thumbs up, a wave, or a hello ! Mr Dawkins greets his students every day, He wants to know how his students feel. He wants to be there for them. He wants them to be happy. He wants them to know they are important to him. The students like Mr Dawkins’s ways of greeting. They think they’re cool. They feel great to have a teacher like Mr. Dawkins. 5．There are ________ ways of greeting for the students to choose from. A．four B．five C．six 6．What is a high five? A．Holding the number of five in the air. B．Putting your hand up and hitting (击) your friend’s hand as a greeting. C．Pulling your two hands up and making them like the wings (翅膀) of a bird. 7．What is Paragraph (段) 4 about? A．Why Mr Dawkins greets his students. B．How Mr Dawkins greets his students. C．Where Mr Dawkins greets his students. 8．What do students think of Mr Dawkins? A．He is a great teacher. B．He is happy every day. C．He is important to the students. 9．What’s the best title of this passage? A．An Interesting Class B．Greetings from a Teacher C．A Great School 六、完形填空 Dear Mark, How are you? I’m at a new 1 in China this term. I was a little nervous at first, but now I love it. My new school is 2 and nice, with bright buildings and a big playground. There are over 3,500 3 and 195 teachers. Each class has 50 students—we laugh and help each other. Teachers are very 4 to me, answering my questions patiently (耐心地). My Chinese classmates teach me 5 , and I teach them English after class. We practice dialogues (对话) during breaks. There’s a special farm at our school. Here’s a photo of the 6 garden—you can 7 fresh carrots, tomatoes and potatoes. There are twelve rabbits, fifty hens and five cows too. In labour (劳动) classes, we feed (喂) rabbits carrots and 8 houses for hens to keep them warm. We have no 9 on weekends. Sometimes I 10 basketball with classmates. Sometimes I go shopping with parents—we find snacks (零食) and stationery (文具) there. We all like China. Please write to me soon! 1．A．park B．museum C．school D．hospital 2．A．big B．tidy C．clean D．small 3．A．workers B．students C．doctors D．nurses 4．A．bad B．sad C．kind D．angry 5．A．French B．English C．Japanese D．Chinese 6．A．fruit B．flower C．grass D．vegetable 7．A．see B．eat C．cook D．plant 8．A．buy B．make C．take D．draw 9．A．games B．friends C．classes D．teachers 10．A．play B．find C．count D．watch 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 A new start （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1.能够描述自己的初中校园生活，包括不同的课程和校园活动; 2.能够描述遇到的各种困难和挑战，包括时间管理、学习方法; 3.能够认识到独立思考、合理计划的重要性，为初中学习生活做好准备; 4.能够尽可能多地使用本单元的核心词汇，尤其是生词; 5.能够正确使用人称代词和物主代词,区分各种角色。 学习重点 1.掌握本单元的重点词汇、短语和句型，如 “start”“classmate”“subject”“interesting” 等，并正确运用这些词汇进行简单的表达。 2.学生能够理解并运用基本的日常交际用语，如自我介绍、询问他人信息、表达对新事物的感受等。 学习难点 1. 能够在实际情境中正确、流利地运用所学语言进行交际。 2. 对一些复杂句子的理解和语法的正确运用，如一般现在时的用法等。 3. 了解不同国家和地区学生在新学期开始时的不同习俗和文化，拓宽国际视野。 1. Learning without thinking is of no use. 学而不思则罔。 【详解】 without 用作介词，意为“缺乏；没有”，由with(跟着)+out(出去)→without(没有)。后接名词、代词或者动名词，一般放在动词(短语)或者名词后。without 表示否定，其反义词是 with，表示肯定。 例：Without water, we can't live. 没有水，我们不能生存。 【典例】（2017·新疆·中考真题）Thanks to our teachers. _____________ their help, we couldn’t  make such great progress. A．For B．Without C．With D．About 【答案】B 【详解】句意：多亏我们的老师们。没有他们的帮助，我们就不能取得如此大的进步。 考查介词辨析。for为了；without没有；with有（表示伴随状态）；about关于。根据“多亏我们的老师”可知，句中表示如果没有老师的帮助。故选B。 【即练1】 1. It’s bad for you to go to school without ________ breakfast. A．eat B．have C．to eat D．having 【答案】D 【详解】句意：不吃早饭去学校对你有害。 考查非谓语动词。eat动词原形，吃；have动词原形，吃；to eat动词不定式；having动名词。without没有，是介词，后面接名词或动名词。故选D。 2．________ exciting book Journey to the West is! ________ it, I don’t know how to kill time. A．How; With B．What; With C．How; Without D．What an; Without 【答案】D 【详解】句意：《西游记》是多么令人兴奋的一本书啊！没有它，我不知道如何消磨时间。 考查感叹句和介词辨析。How和What引导感叹句，怎样，多么；With有，和……一起；Without没有。根据“...exciting book Journey to the West is!”可知，这是一个感叹句，其中心词是可数名词单数book，exciting是元音音素开头的单词，因此用“What an”来引导感叹句，表示“多么令人兴奋的一本书啊”；再根据“...it, I don’t know how to kill time.”可知，此处表示“没有它，我不知道如何消磨时间”，因此用介词without，表示“没有”。 故选D。 3．—Ms Huang, what would you like, tea ________ coffee? —Just a cup of coffee ________ any sugar or milk. A．or; without B．to; without C．for; with D．to; with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——黄女士，你想要什么，茶还是咖啡？——一杯不加糖和牛奶的咖啡就行。 考查连词和介词辨析。or或者，表示选择；to到……；for为了；without没有；with有。根据语境可知，第一空是询问黄女士想要茶还是咖啡，表示选择关系，所以用or；第二空根据“any sugar or milk”可知，此处是说不要加糖和牛奶，所以用without。故选A。 【即练2】 1. 没有爱的生活就像一座没有阳光的花园。 A life ________ ________ is like a garden without sunshine. 【答案】 without love 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“没有爱”。用介词without表示“没有”，其后跟名词love作宾语。故填without；love。 2. She left the house without _______ (say) goodbye. 【答案】saying 【详解】句意：她没说再见就离开了家。without是介词，后接动词时要用动名词形式。故填saying。 3. 微信正在改变我们的生活方式，有些人可以不用纸币买东西。 Wechat will change our way of life, some people can buy things ________ _________ ________. 【答案】without paper money 【详解】句意：根据常识可知，微信正在改变我们的生活，故用without paper money。 2. Our English teacher Ms Chen wrote the sentence on the blackboard and said, "Please write this down." 我们的英语老师陈老师把句子写在黑板上，然后说：“请把这句话抄下来。” 【详解】write down 是固定搭配，意为“写下；记下”，如果它的宾语是名词，则名词放在 write 后和 down 后均可。 Please write down these words. = Please write these words down. 请把这些单词写下来。 【注意】如果它的宾语是代词，要把代词放在 write 和 down 之间。 例：These words are important. Please write them down. 这些单词很重要，请把它们写下来。 【典例】 （24-25·内蒙古呼和浩特·阶段检测）The sentence is very important. Why don’t you ________? A．write down it B．write it down C．to write down it D．to write it down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个句子很重要。你为什么不写下来呢？ 考查动词短语和特殊疑问句。write down“写下”，是“动词+副词”型短语，代词作宾语，要放中间；why don’t you do sth.“你为什么不做某事”。故选B。 【即练1】 1. This is a new word. Remember ________. A．to write down it B．to write it down C．to write down them D．writing it down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是一个新单词。记得把它写下来。 remember to do sth.意为“记得要做某事”，remember doing sth.意为“记得做过某事”。根据语境是提醒对方要做的事，应用不定式结构。write down为“动词 + 副词”构成的短语，当代词作宾语时，代词应放在动词和副词中间。且句中“a new word”是单数，因此代词应用it，完整表达为to write it down。 2．Why not ________ our mistakes in our notebooks? A．write down B．to write down C．write out D．writing out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为什么不在笔记本上写下我们的错误呢？ 考查动词短语以及特殊疑问句。write down写下；write out写出。根据“our mistakes in our notebooks”可知，此处指在笔记本上写下错误，why not do sth“为什么不做某事”，故选A。 3. Please turn _______ Page 18 and write _______ the answers. A．to; to B．on; down C．to; down D．on; for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请翻到18页写下答案。 考查动词短语。turn to翻到，write down写下，记下；turn on打开。根据“Page 18”可知此处指将书翻到18页，用turn to；根据“the answers”可知此处指写下答案。故选C。 【即练2】 1. Boys and girls, please ________ (write) down your answers in your exercise books. 【答案】write 【详解】句意：孩子们（同学们），请把答案写在练习本上。分析句子，根据空前“please”（祈使句），可知空处应填动词原形，短语write down意为“写下”。故填write。 2．Look at the words on the blackboard. Please write ____ down. (they) 【答案】them 【详解】句意：看黑板上的单词。请把它们写下来。空处的代词在动词之后，应用宾格代词，作宾语；they，它们，主格代词，对应的宾格代词是them，它们。故填them。 3.The sentence is very important. Why don’t you ________ ________ ________(write down) ? 【答案】write it down 【详解】句意：这个句子很重要。你为什么不把它写下来呢？write down“写下，记下”，代词it作宾语时，需放在write与down的中间。 3. But is it OK to point out the mistake? 但是指出这个错误合适吗？ 【详解1】本句是“It's + adj. (+ for sb. ) + to do sth.”的句式结构，意为“做某事(对某人来说)是……的”，其中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是其后的动词不定式短语。 例：It is important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对我们来说是重要的。 【详解2】 point out 意为“指出”。如果后面宾语是代词，需要把代词放在 point 和 out 之间。 例：Thank you for pointing out my mistakes. 谢谢你指出我的错误。 Who can find the mistake? Please point it out. 谁能发现这个错误？请指出来。 【拓展】point at 意为“指向”，其后要跟表示人或物的名词或代词。point to 指向(强调的是方向)。 例：Don't use your finger to point at others. 不要用你的手指指着别人。 She points to the wrong direction. 她指向错误的方向。 【详解3】mistake 作名词，意为“错误”；mistake 也可以作动词，意为“弄错；误解”。 【搭配】 ①make a mistake/mistakes in... 在……中犯错误 ②by mistake 错误地；无意地 ③mistake A for B 把 A 错当成 B 【典例】（23-24九年级上·全国·随堂练习）It’s rude ________ a person with your chopsticks. A．to point at B．to point out C．point at D．point out 【答案】A 【详解】句意：用筷子指着别人是不礼貌的。 考查动词短语。point at指着；point out指出。根据“a person with your chopsticks”可知，此处指“用筷子指着别人”，且动词不定式作主语，故选A。 【即练1】 1. Let’s climb up the hill. Then I can point __________ some sights to you. A．at B．to C．for D．out 【答案】D 【详解】句意：让我们爬上山。然后我能指出一些名胜给你。 point at/to指向，point out“指出；指明”。结合句意，把风景名胜给我指出来，故选D。 2．The teachers ____our mistakes and we must correct them at once. A．send out B．point out C．put out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师们指出我们的错误，我们必须马上改正。send out发出；派遣；发货；point out指出；put out扑灭。根据空后our mistakes可知，这里应该是“指出错误”，故应选B。 【即练2】 1. The guide ________ (point) out the interesting places to us during the trip. 【答案】pointed 【详解】句意：导游在旅途中向我们指出了有趣的地方。句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，point的过去式是pointed，故填pointed。 2．Little Tom put up his hand and pointed out his teacher’s m________. 【答案】(m)istake 【详解】句意：小汤姆举起了他的手，指出了老师的错误。根据“Little Tom put up his hand and pointed out his teacher’s…”，结合首字母提示可知，此处应该填入mistake，可数名词单数形式，意为“错误”符合语境，表达小汤姆举起了他的手，指出了老师的错误。故填(m)istake。 3．Please ________ (pointing) out your mistakes from your writing. 【答案】point 【详解】句意：请从你的写作中指出你的错误。根据“please”可知后接动词原形形式。point out意为“指出”，为固定短语。故填point。 4. Questions jumped into my mind. 我脑海中冒出许多问题。 【详解】jump into one's mind 意为“跳进某人的脑海里”。 mind 在此作名词，意为“头脑”。常见的含有名词 mind 的短语有： ①change one's mind 改变某人的主意 ②make up one's mind 下定决心 ③keep sth. in mind 记住某物 【拓展】 mind 还可用作动词，意为“介意；在意”，后面可接动名词作宾语。 never mind 意为“没关系；不要紧”。 “Would/Do you mind (+人称代词宾格或形容词性物主代词) + doing...?”意为“你介意(某人)做……吗？”其否定形式通常在 doing 的前面加 not。 例：Would/Do you mind me (not) closing the window? 你介意我把窗户关上吗？(你介意我不关窗户吗？) 【典例】（25-26八年级下·陕西商洛·期中）I made up my mind ________ one of them, A．become B．to become C．became D．becoming 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我下定决心成为他们中的一个。 固定短语make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”，后接动词不定式作宾语。A项为动词原形，C项为过去式，D项为现在分词或动名词，均不符合该搭配用法，只有B项是动词不定式。 【即练1】 1．—Would you mind ________ the window? It’s a bit cold outside. —Of course not. A．close B．to close C．closing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你介意关上窗户吗？外面有点冷。——当然不介意。 固定搭配mind doing sth.意为“介意做某事”，mind后接动名词作宾语，close的动名词为closing。 2．She made up her mind ________ a volunteer to serve the community. A．become B．becoming C．to become D．became 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她下定决心成为一名志愿者来服务社区。 become成为，动词原形；becoming成为，动词-ing形式；to become成为，动词不定式；became成为，过去式。固定搭配make up one’s mind to do sth.意为“下定决心做某事”，后接动词不定式，符合题意。 3．— People say that the first 3-5 minutes during a fire is important for saving a life. — Exactly! Everyone should ______ the rule ________. A． stay; on mind B．stay; in mind C．keep;on mind D．keep; in mind 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——人们说，火灾发生的前3—5分钟对挽救生命很重要。——没错！每个人都应该牢记这条规则。 考查介词辨析。in在……里；at在；before在……之前；during在……期间。根据常识可知，发生火灾时，前3-5分钟很重要。故选D。 【即练2】 1．Would you mind j________ (加入) the English club? 【答案】joining/oining 【详解】句意：你介意加入英语俱乐部吗？句中“mind”后常接动词-ing形式作宾语，结合中文提示“加入”及首字母为j可知，应是join“加入”，这里用其动名词形式joining，符合语境。 2．In order to pass down traditional Chinese medicine, she ________（make) up her mind to study it in a medical college from now on. 【答案】 makes 【详解】句意：为了传承中国传统医学，她下定决心在一所医学院学习它。此处考查make up one’s mind to do sth.根据人称，故填makes. 3．We make up our minds to help the sick children. (改为同义句) We ________ ________ ________ the sick children. 【答案】 decide to help 【详解】句意：我们下定决心帮助生病的孩子。make up one’s mind to do sth.=decide to do sth.，表示“下定决心做某事、决定做某事”。原句为一般现在时，同义句也为一般现在时，主语是We，动词用原形decide，to后面跟动词原形help，应填decide；to；help。 5. I looked up at Ms Chen. 我抬头看着陈老师。 【详解】look up at 意为“向上看；抬头看”。 例：Lily looked up at the sky and found something strange. 莉莉抬头看天空，发现了一些奇怪的东西。 【拓展】 look up 还有两种含义：①查阅；查找；②向上看。 例：The boy is using a dictionary to look up new words. 这个男孩正在用词典查阅生词。 Look up, and you can see some white clouds. 向上看，你可以看到一些白云。 【典例】（25-26九年级上·甘肃武威·阶段检测）If you meet some new words. It is a good idea ________ in a dictionary. A．make up them B．looking up them C．to make them up D．to look them up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：如果你遇到一些生词，在字典里查它们是个好主意。 It is a good idea to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是个好主意”，需用动词不定式，排除 B；根据“in a dictionary”可知动作应为“查阅”，look up符合语境，make up“编造”，排除 A、C；“动词 + 副词”结构接代词作宾语时，代词需放在动词和副词之间，即look them up。 【即练1】 1. — Could you tell me some information about the hotels in your country? — Why not ________ on the Internet? A．look for it B．to look for it C．look it up D．look up it 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我一些关于你们国家旅馆的信息吗？——为什么不在网上查呢？ 考查动词短语辨析。look for寻找；look up查阅。根据“Could you tell me some information about the hotels in your country?”可知，此处指的是“在网上查阅”，look up是动副短语，当宾语为代词时，应放在look和up的中间。故选C。 2．The dictionary on the teacher’s desk is used by students to ________ the new words. A．look after B．look up C．look back D．look around 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师桌上的字典是用来让学生查阅新单词的。 考查动词短语辨析。look after照顾；look up查阅；look back回顾；look around环顾四周。根据“The dictionary on the teacher’s desk is used for students to…the new words.”可知，字典的功能是帮助学生查找单词含义，look up表示“查阅”符合“在字典中查询”的语境，强调工具用途。故选B。 3．When you ________ a new word in a dictionary, make sure you ________ the right meaning. A．look for, look up B．look at, look up C．look up, look for D．look for, look after 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你在字典里查新单词时，确保你找到适当的词义。 考查动词词组辨析。look for寻找；look up查找；look at看；look afer照顾。根据“in a dictionary”可知，应是在字典里查找新单词，故空一是look up；空二根据“the right meaning.”可知，应是寻找适当的词义。故选C。 【即练2】 1. If you ________ (look) up at the sky on a clear night, you can see lots of stars. 【答案】look 【详解】句意：在晴朗的夜晚，如果你抬头仰望天空，就能看见许许多多星星。if引导条件状语从句（主将从现），主句“you can see…“含情态动词，表现在客观事实，从句用一般现在时，从句主语you是第二人称，谓语用动词原形look。 2．突然，他们听到了奇怪的声音并抬头看向天空。 Suddenly, they heard strange noises and _____ ______ ______the sky. 【答案】 looked up at 【详解】原句中关键词抬头看向，故填look up at, 根据heard故填过去时looked。 6. I put up my hand. 我举起了手。 【详解】 put up 是固定搭配，意为“举起；抬起”。 例：If you want to ask questions, please put up your hand. 你如果想问问问题，请举起手。 【拓展】 put up 还有“搭建；建起；张贴”之意。 例：Can you help me put up the tent? 你能帮我把帐篷搭起来吗？ Why not put up the posters? 为什么不把海报张贴起来？ 【典例】 （25-26七年级上·吉林长春·期中）Sarah, can you help me ________ the picture on the wall? A．put up B．put on C．come true D．come on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Sarah，你能帮我把画挂在墙上吗？ 考查动词短语。put up悬挂；put on穿上；come true实现；come on加油。根据“the picture on the wall”可知，此处表示在墙上悬挂图画。故选A。 【即练1】 1. —Peter, please come here and help me ________ the tent. —OK, I’m coming. A．put on B．cut up C．cut down D．put up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——Peter，请到这儿来，帮助我搭帐篷。——好的，我就来。 考查动词短语。put on穿上；cut up切碎；cut down砍倒；put up张贴，搭建。根据空后的the tent可知，这里表示搭帐篷，故选D。 2．Please _______your hand if you have any questions. A．put up B．put on C．put in D．put down 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你有一些问题，请举起你的手。 考查动词短语。put up举起，张贴；put on穿上；put in提出，提交；put down写下，镇压。根据“if you have any questions”可知，这里是举起手，故选A。 【即练2】 1. If you know the answer, please ________ (put up) your hand. 【答案】put up 【详解】句意：如果你知道答案，请举手。分析句子可知，句子是祈使句，以动词原形开头，put up“举起”。故填put up。 2．It took Andy a few minutes ________ (put) up the picture on the wall． 【答案】to put 【详解】句意：安迪花了几分钟把画挂在墙上。此处是固定句型It takes sb. some time to do sth.表示“花费某人时间做某事”，故填to put。 7. What is junior high school life like? 初中生活是什么样子的？ 【详解】What's + sth. + like?  某物是什么样子的？用于询问某物的特点、性质等。like 此处用作介词。 —What's your house like? 你们的房子怎么样？ —It's very big. 它非常大。 【拓展】①  What's + sb. + like?  常用来询问某人的性格特征。 —What's your father like? 你爸爸是一个怎样的人？ —He's very friendly. 他很友好。 ②  What + do/does + sb. + look like?  用来询问某人的外貌特征。 —What does your brother look like? 你的哥哥长什么样？ —He is very tall. 他个子很高。 【典例】 （25-26七年级下·全国·随堂练习）What ________ the weather be like in London tomorrow? A．will B．do C．does D．are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：明天伦敦的天气将会怎么样？ will将要；do做；does做；are是。根据时间状语“tomorrow”可知句子时态为一般将来时，结构是“will+动词原形”。 【即练1】 1. —What does your pet parrot look like? —It ________ a small head and two colourful wings (翅膀). A．have B．has C．is D．are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你的宠物鹦鹉长什么样？——它有一个小头和两个色彩鲜艳的翅膀。 have有，动词原形；has有，动词三单形式；is是；are是。主语“It”为第三人称单数，表示“拥有”，应用has。 2．—________ does Linda look like? —She has a small face, two big eyes and yellow hair. A．When B．Which C．Where D．What 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——琳达长什么样？——她有一张小脸，两只大眼睛和黄色的头发。 When什么时候；Which哪一个；Where哪里；What什么。根据答语She has a small face, two big eyes and yellow hair.可知是在描述外貌特征，询问外貌常用固定句型What does sb. look like?故选 D。 3. —What will you be like in ten years’ time? —_________. A．I like coffee without milk B．I will be tall and slim C．I will visit Beijing D．I like playing the piano 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——十年后你会是什么样子？——我会又高又苗条。 I like coffee without milk我喜欢不加牛奶的咖啡 (描述喜好，与“样子”无关)；I will be tall and slim我会又高又苗条 (描述外貌特征)；I will visit Beijing我会去北京 (描述将来的动作)；I like playing the piano 我喜欢弹钢琴 (描述喜好)。问句“What will you be like…?”询问的是人的外貌、性格或状态，因此应填I will be tall and slim。 【即练2】 1. The cloud in the sky looks like a white rabbit. （对划线部分提问）   ________ does the cloud ________ ________? 【答案】 What look like 【详解】句意：天空中的云看起来像一只白兔。划线部分为“a white rabbit”，这里是提问云的形状，用疑问词what来提问，原句谓语动词是“looks like”，在疑问句中，需要借助助动词does，放在主语“the cloud”之前，后面动词用原形look。 2．Robots will look like humans in the future. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ robots look like? 【答案】 What will 【详解】句意：机器人将来会长得像人类。look like后加名词，表示“看起来像……”，对look like后的名词提问用what，一般将来时的疑问句中将will置于主语robots前。故填What；will。 3．What ______ (be) the people in your hometown like? 【答案】are 【详解】句意：你家乡的人是什么样的？“the people”表示复数概念，句子为一般现在时，be动词需用are。故填are。 8. They hold all kinds of activities, such as cultural festivals and sports meets. 他们举行各种活动，比如文化节和运动会。 【详解1】all kinds of...表示“各种各样的……”，different kinds of...表示“不同种类的……”，都接复数名词。 There are all kinds of toys at the exhibition. 展览会上有各种各样的玩具。 what kind of什么种类的；a kind of一种；kind of“有点儿，有几分”，是副词性短语 He feels kind of tired.他觉得有点儿累。 【详解2】activity名词，意为“活动”，复数形式activities 【拓展】与act相关的词 act v.“行动；表演” 名词 actor男演员 actress女演员 action行动；行为 activity活动 形容词 active活跃的；积极的 【典例】 （25-26七年级下·湖北襄阳·期中）The old man grows ________ vegetables in the garden, and the green ones taste ________ delicious. A．all kinds of; a kind of B．kind of; all kinds of C．a kind of; kind of D．all kinds of; kind of 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位老人在花园里种了各种各样的蔬菜，这些绿色的蔬菜有点好吃。 all kinds of各种各样的；kind of有点；a kind of一种。第一空后是复数名词vegetables，需要表示“各种各样的”，故用all kinds of；第二空后是形容词delicious，需要表示“有点”，故用kind of。 【即练1】 1. Our neighbors are very kind, because they often ________ us ________ all kinds of problems. A．help; / B．helps; / C．help; with D．helps; with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的邻居非常善良，因为他们经常帮助我们解决各种问题。 主语they是复数，谓语动词用原形help；固定搭配help sb. with sth. 表示“在某方面帮助某人”，第二空填with 2. —We should take an ________ part in some ________ as long as they are good for us. —I agree with you. A． actively; activity B．active; activities C．actively; activities 【答案】B 【详解】句意：--只要对我们有好处，我们就应该积极参加一些活动。--我同意你的看法。考查形容词和名词。active形容词; actively 副词，activity 名词。第一空是take an active part in...要用形容词。some后面要用名词activity。故选 B。 3. I enjoy collecting different ________(kind) of traditional kites from all over China. 【答案】kinds 【详解】句意：我喜欢收集来自中国各地的各式各样的传统风筝。different后面的kind要变成复数形式。故填different kinds of。 【即练2】 1. We stop all kinds of ________ (pollute) to protect our natural outdoor world. 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意：我们停止各种类型的污染，以保护我们的自然户外世界。句中all kinds of后接不可数名词或可数名词复数，pollute是动词，需转换为表示pollution（不可数）“污染”这一抽象概念的名词，符合语法与语义要求。 2．This kind of cloth ________ ________ ________ cotton. 【答案】 is made of 【详解】原句中关键词“由……制成”对应的英语短语是be made of 或be made from。be made of 指成品看得出原材料（物理变化）；be made from 指成品看不出原材料（化学变化）。布料由棉花制成，在初中英语语境中通常视为能看出原材料，故选用介词 of。句子用一般现在时，主语This kind of cloth视为单数，be 动词用 is。 3．There are all kinds of ________ in our school. (活动) 【答案】activities 【详解】句意：我们学校有各种各样的活动。中文提示“活动”对应的英文单词是activity，为可数名词，all kinds of后需接可数名词复数形式，activity应变为复数activities。故填activities。 9. How many students are there in my class?我班里有多少名学生？ 【详解】how many  意为“多少”，对可数名词的数量进行提问。 how many  后要跟可数名词的复数形式。 How many books are there? 有多少本书？ How many boys are there in your class? 你们班有多少男孩？ 【拓展】  how much  可意为“多少(对不可数名词的量进行提问)”或“多少钱(对物品的价格进行提问)”。 How much water do you need? 你需要多少水？ How much is the bag? 这个包多少钱？ 【典例】（2026·黑龙江哈尔滨·二模）—________ strawberries do you want to buy? —Twenty, please. And ________ are they? A．How much; how many B．How many; how many C．How many; how much 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你想买多少草莓？——请给我二十个。它们多少钱？ how much多少（对价格提问或对不可数名词的数量进行提问）；how many多少（对数量提问）。strawberries是可数名词复数，询问数量用How many；根据购物情境，第二空询问价格用how much。 【即练1】 1. —How many times have you visited Paris? —________. I went there in 2019 and 2022. A．Once B．Twice C．Three times D．Never 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你去过巴黎几次？ ——两次。我分别在2019年和2022年去过那里。 Once一次；Twice两次；Three times三次；Never从不。根据答句中的“in 2019 and 2022”可知，说话人分别在2019年和2022年去过巴黎，共两次。应填Twice。 2．—How many floors does the building have? —It has ________ floors. I live on the ________ floor. A．twenty;twentieth B．twenty;twenty C．twentieth;twenty D．twentieth;twentieth 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这栋楼有多少层？——它有二十层。我住在第二十层。 twenty二十，基数词；twentieth第二十，序数词。根据“It has...floors.”和“on the...floor”可知，空1需填基数词，强调数量，空2需填序数词，强调顺序。 【即练2】 1. 你家有几层？ How many ________ are there in your ________? 【答案】 floors house 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，floor表示“楼层”，house表示“房子”。根据“many”可知，空一处名词用复数形式，根据“your”可知，空二处表示“你家”，用名词单数。故填floors；house。 2．工作日你们每天上午上几节课？ How many lessons ________ you ________ every morning ________ ________? 【答案】 do have on weekdays 【详解】“你们”you；“上课”have lessons，主语是you，所以疑问句中要借助助动词do，放在主语前构成疑问句语序；“工作日”weekdays，其前时间介词用on，on weekdays表示“在工作日”。故填do；have；on；weekdays。 3．There is only one sheep on the hill. （对划线部分提问） How many ________ ________ there on the hill? 【答案】 sheep are 【详解】句意：山上只有一只羊。划线部分是数量，询问可数名词的数量用“how many+可数名词复数”提问，sheep的复数为sheep，there be结构的be动词遵循“就近原则”，how many后面的名词是复数，be动词用复数are。故填sheep；are。 10. They also help students with their problems.它们还能帮助学生解决遇到的问题。 【详解】help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事，with后接名词/动名词（动词-ing形式），同义结构为help sb.（to）do sth. Tom often helps me learn English.=Tom often helps me with my English. 汤姆经常帮我学英语。 【典例】（20-21七年级下·全国·单元测试）—Can you ________ my English, Jim? —Sorry, I can't. Why not ask Mike for help? His English is great! A．help with B．play with C．think of D．care for 【答案】A 【详解】——吉姆，你可以帮助我学习英语吗？——对不起，我不行。为什么不找麦克帮忙呢？他的英语很好。 考查短语辨析。help with帮助；play with和……一起玩；think of想起；care for关心。根据“Why not ask Mike for help?”可知，此处是想找人寻求帮助，故选A。 【即练1】 1. I have problems with my homework.I want ________Lily________ it. A．to ask; to help. B．ask;help C．ask; to help with D．to ask;to help with 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的作业有问题。我想请莉莉帮忙。 考查动词不定式做宾语以及help的用法。want to do sth“想要做某事”；ask sb. to do sth“要求某人做某事”；help with sth“帮助做某事”。根据句子的意思：想请莉莉帮忙解决问题。根据want to do sth，可知第一个空格要填to ask；第二个空格用到了help with sth才能表达“帮助做某事”，又因为help with又是ask的宾语补足语，故第二空格应填to help with。故选D。 2．Jim is always ready to ________ me, so he is a ________ friend. A．help, help B．help, helpful C．helpful, helpful D．helpful, help 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉姆总是准备帮助我，所以他是一个乐于助人的朋友。 考查形容词和动词辨析。根据固定短语“be ready to do sth.(准备做某事)”可知，第一空需要填入动词原形help；第二空需要填入形容词来修饰名词“friend”所以填入“helpful(乐于助人的)”。故选B。 【即练2】 1. They keep raising money ________ (help) homeless people. 【答案】to help 【详解】句意：他们不断筹集资金来帮助无家可归的人。句中“筹集资金”的目的是“帮助无家可归的人”，动词不定式可以在句中作目的状语，因此此处需用动词不定式形式，应填to help。 2．It helps us _________ (communicate) with people from other countries. 【答案】communicate 【详解】句意：它帮助我们和来自其他国家的人交流。根据句意和提示词可知，空格处表示“和某人沟通”的意思，communicate with sb 意为“与某人沟通”，结合固定搭配help sb. (to) do sth. ，意为“帮助某人做某事”，to 可以省略，后面用动词原形。故填communicate。 3．Using cloth bags is very ________ (help) to protect the earth. 【答案】helpful 【详解】句意：使用布袋对保护地球很有帮助。句中缺少形容词作表语，动词help的形容词形式是helpful，表示“有帮助的”；very用来修饰形容词，此处语境是表达“有帮助的”，直接用helpful即可，故填helpful。 11. Come and join us!快来加入我们 【详解】join指“参加、加入（党派、团体等组织）”，join sb.in（doing）sth.意为“加入到某人的某一活动中” 他将和我们一起唱这首歌。He'll join us in singing the song. 【辨析】join,join in,take part in join “参加，加入”，指加入某个组织或团体，成为其成员之一，如参军、入团、入党、加入俱乐部等。 join in “join in+某活动”，相当于“take part in+某活动”。 take part in 指“参加”会议、考试、竞赛或群众性活动，重在说明句子主语参加该项活动并在其中发挥作用 He says he's going to join the army.他说他要参军。 Can I join in the game？我可以参加这个游戏吗？ I didn't take part in the meeting.我没有参加会议。 【典例】（25-26六年级下·黑龙江哈尔滨·期中）—I love doing sports so much, so I ________ a sports club. —What about ________ our sports meet? A．join, joining in B．join in, joining C．join, join in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我非常喜欢做运动，所以我加入一个体育俱乐部。——参加我们的运动会怎么样？ join指加入组织、团体等；join in指参加活动。第一空宾语为club“俱乐部”，属于组织，用join；第二空宾语为sports meet“运动会”，属于活动，用join in，What about后接动词-ing 形式，后接joining in。 【即练1】 1. why don’t you ________ us to ________ the football game? A．to join; take part in B．join; join C．joins; takes part in D．join; take part in 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你为什么不加入我们去参加这场足球赛呢？ 考查词语辨析。join加入，动词原形；to join加入，动词不定式；joins加入，第三人称单数；take part in参加，动词原形；takes part in参加，第三人称单数。根据“why don’t you...us to...the football game?”可知，第一空，“why don’t you...”句式用于提出建议，后接动词原形，“join”侧重“加入某组织、团体或某人的活动”，此处指“加入”我们，因此使用“join”；第二空，此处“to”是不定式符号，后接动词原形，“take part in”侧重“参与某项有组织的活动、比赛等”，此处表示“参加”足球比赛，因此使用“take part in”。故选D。 2. If he _________ free tomorrow, he ________ us . A．will be,   joins B．is,  join C．is,  will join D．will be,  will join 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果他明天有空，他将加入我们。 本题考查if引导的条件状语从句的时态，遵循“主将从现”原则。根据题干中的“tomorrow”可知动作发生在将来，第一空在if引导的从句中，主语是he，用一般现在时is；第二空在主句中，用一般将来时will join。 3. Now more and more volunteers ________ the Helping Hands Club and ________ all kinds of activities to help the people in need. A．join in; take part in B．join; take part in C．take part in; join D．take part in; join in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：现在越来越多的志愿者加入“援助之手”俱乐部，并参加各种活动来帮助有需要的人。 考查动词和动词短语辨析。join in加入 (活动)；take part in参加 (活动)；join加入 (组织/团体)。根据“the Helping Hands Club”可知，此处指加入俱乐部，是一个组织，第一空应用join；根据“all kinds of activities”可知，此处指参加各种活动，故第二空用take part in。故选B。 【即练2】 1. 学生们在学校参加许多种课后服务活动。 Students ________ many kinds of after-school clubs at school. 【答案】 join 【详解】根据所给汉语意思可知，空缺处应该填的是“参加”，后面跟着的名词是after-school clubs，因此用join。 2．如果你加入我们，你可以交到很多新朋友。 If you _______ _______, you can make many friends. 【答案】join us 【详解】根据句意，加入我们，故用join sb，sb用在join后面，故后面用宾格us。 3．I often join in the high jump. (改为同义句) I often ________ ________ ________ the high jump. 【答案】 take part in 【详解】句意：我经常参加跳高。join in=take part in表示“参加”。故填take；part；in。 12. Can you g give me some advice?你能给我一些建议吗？ 【详解】advice不可数名词，意为“劝告；建议”。 Mrs. Green gave us some advice on how to learn English well. 格林夫人给了我们一些怎样学好英语的建议。 【搭配】a piece of advice一条建议、忠告； ask for sb.'s advice征求某人的意见； give sb. some advice给某人一些建议。 Let me give you a piece of advice.让我给你一个忠告。 【辨析】 advice，suggestion advice 不可数名词 指带有指教性的“意见”或“劝告”。 suggestion 可数名词 指为改进工作或解决困难等而提出的“意见”或“建议”，语气较为委婉。 I'll ask my teacher for advice when I have difficulty in doing something. 每当我做事遇到困难时，我就向老师征求建议。 Father's suggestions are great valuable for me.爸爸的建议对我来说很有价值。 【拓展】advise v.忠告；建议 advise sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事；advise sb. not to do sth.建议某人不做某事；advise doing sth.建议做某事 He advised me to stop smoking.他建议我戒烟。 I advise waiting till the right time.我建议一直等到适当的时候。 【典例】—You should read more after class for your English study. It can help you make ________ progress. —Thank you! What ________ useful advice A．a, / B．/, / C．/, a D．a, a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为了你的英语学习，你应该课后多阅读。它能帮助你取得进步。——谢谢！多么有用的建议！ progress是不可数名词，make progress是固定短语，意为“取得进步”，前面不加冠词；advice是不可数名词，在What引导的感叹句中，结构为“What+形容词+不可数名词”，前面不加冠词。 【即练1】 1. Our teacher always gives us ________ useful advice. A．a B．an C．many D．some 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的老师总是给我们一些有用的建议。 a一个；an一个；many许多；some一些。advice是不可数名词，不能用不定冠词a或an修饰，也不能用many修饰，some可修饰不可数名词。 2．—I failed my writing exam. Can you give me a ________? —Sure! I’ll ask my teacher to give you some ________ next class. A．advice; suggestion B．suggestion; advices C．suggestion; advice D．advice; suggestions 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我写作考试没通过，你能给我一个建议吗？——当然！下节课我会让我的老师给你一些建议。 考查名词辨析。advice建议，不可数名词；suggestion建议，可数名词；suggestions建议，名词复数；advices错误形式。根据“Can you give me a ...?”可知，第一空前有不定冠词a，需接可数名词单数，用suggestion；第二空，根据“give you some ...”可知，表示“一些建议”，用不可数名词advice或者suggestions。故选C。 3．_________ helpful suggestions our teacher has given us! A．What a B．What C．How D．How a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师给了我们多么有用的建议啊! 考查感叹句。根据helpful suggestions有用的建议，可知感叹句修饰的中心词是名词短语，且suggestions为复数，所以应该用感叹句式：What+形容词+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语！结构，故答案选B。 【即练2】 1. What do you think of this ________? (suggest) 【答案】suggestion 【详解】句意：你觉得这个建议怎么样？句中空格前有指示代词“this”修饰，提示此处应填一个名词。suggest对应的名词形式是suggestion，表示“建议”，且为可数名词单数，故填suggestion。 2. I suggest making a list first. (改为同义句) My ________ is ________ make a list first. 【答案】 suggestion to 【详解】句意：我建议先列一个清单。根据题干可知，改成同义句，应是“我的建议是先列一个清单”，用名词“suggestion建议”作主语，“to make...”是不定式作表语。故填suggestion；to。 13. Dad and Mum protected your boat from winds.爸爸妈妈保护你的船免受风力影响。 【详解】protect为及物动词，意为“保护；防护”，后接名词或代词做宾语。 Protect...against/from...意为“保护……免于……”。强调使不受到伤害或损害。 You should learn to protect yourself. 你应该学会保护自己。 He put on the sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight. 他戴上太阳镜以保护眼睛免受日光的强烈照射。 【拓展】protection做不可数名词，意为“保护防卫” 【典例】（25-26六年级下·黑龙江大庆·期中）The ________ of the country helps to ________ the wild animals from being harmed. A．protect; protection B．protection; protect C．protective; protect D．protection; protective 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个国家的保护有助于保护野生动物免受伤害。 protect保护（动词）；protection保护（名词）；protective保护的（形容词）。第一空位于定冠词The之后，需填名词protection作主语；第二空位于helps to之后，需填动词原形protect，构成help to do sth.及protect...from...搭配。 【即练1】 1. —Wearing goggles (护目镜) when you are swimming. It’s a good way to ________ your eyes from being injured. —OK. Mom. A． protect B．hold C．save D．stop 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——游泳时要戴护目镜。这是保护眼睛免受伤害的好方法。  ——好的，妈妈。 考查动词辨析。protect保护；hold保持；save拯救；stop阻止。根据“your eyes from being injured.”可知，“护目镜”用于保护眼睛，protect…from…“保护……免受……”，故选A。 2．It’s important ________ us ________ the animals in danger. A．of; to protect B．of; protect C．for; to protect D．for; protect 【答案】C 【详解】句意：保护处于危险中的动物对我们来说很重要。 考查it固定句型。it is adj. of sb. to do sth.“某人做某事是……的”，形容词是形容人的品质；it is adj. for sb. to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是……的”，形容词是形容事情的。根据“important...us...the animals in danger”可知是保护处于危险中的动物对我们来说很重要，用结构it is adj. for sb. to do sth.。故选C。 3．We need the ________ of wild animals. A．protect B．protection C．protected D．to protect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们需要野生动物的保护。 根据空前定冠词the可知，此处需要名词形式作宾语。故填protection。 【即练2】 1. Even if you have dark skin, you still need ________ from the sun. (protect) 【答案】protection 【详解】句意：即使你皮肤黝黑，你仍然需要来自太阳的保护。根据“you still need…”可知，此处用名词，作宾语，protection“保护”，为不可数名词。 2．We should protect animals.（改为祈使句） ________ ________ animals. 【答案】 Let’s protect 【详解】句意：我们应该保护动物。改为祈使句时，需用Let’s（表示“让我们一起”）引导，后接动词原形。应填Let’s；protect。 3．保护野生动物就是保护我们自己。   Protecting wild animals is__________________. 【答案】protecting ourselves 【详解】根据句意可知，应该用动名词和主语构成一致性；“protecting ourselves”意为“保护我们自己”，为动名词，和主语构成一致。 14. But sometimes you have to sail your boat by yourself. Just try your best and work hard.但有时候，你只能独自驾驶自己的船。只要尽全力、努力奋斗即可。 【详解1】yourself是反身代词，反身代词用于强调或表示动作返回到动作执行者本身。 for oneself为/给某人自己。 I can do it for myself.我自己能做这件事。 【常见搭配】 by oneself独自； enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快； 【详解2】try doing sth.“（用某一办法）试着去做某事”。 try to do sth.意为“努力或尽力去做某事”，否定形式为try not to do sth.。 They tried making a model plane. 他们试着做一个飞机模型。 He tried to work out the problem. 他努力解出难题。 try/do one's best尽某人最大努力；try/do one's best to do sth.尽某人最大努力做某事。 I will try my best to help the people in trouble.我会尽最大努力去帮助那些身处困境的人们。 【典例】（24-25七年级下·甘肃天水·期末）Here are different kinds of delicious foods. Help ________, children. A．you B．your C．yours D．yourselves 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这里有各种各样的美味食物。孩子们，请你们自便。 you你/你们；your你的/你们的；yours你的/你们的；yourselves你们自己。固定搭配help oneself意为“请自便”，根据称呼语“children”可知对象是复数，反身代词应用 yourselves。 【即练1】 1. He can finish his homework by ________. A．he B．his C．himself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他可以独自完成他的家庭作业。 he他；his他的；himself他自己。固定搭配by oneself意为“独自；靠自己”，主语是“He”，对应的反身代词是himself。 2．We enjoyed ________ at the Fuzhou Zoo last weekend. A．our B．ourselves C．us 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上周末我们在福州动物园玩得很开心。 our我们的；ourselves我们自己；us我们。“enjoy oneself”意为“玩得开心”，反身代词需与主语We保持一致，应填ourselves。 3．My grandma can use WeChat. She learned it all by ________. A．she B．herself C．her D．hers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的奶奶会用微信。她自学的。 she她；herself她自己；her她（的）；hers她的。learn by oneself是固定短语，意为“自学”，此处用反身代词herself 。 【即练2】 1. When we grow up, we should learn to take care of  ________ (we). 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：当我们长大时，我们应该学会照顾我们自己。句中主语是we，此处指代主语自身，需用反身代词，we对应的反身代词为ourselves，故填ourselves。 2．Mum joined our little group and introduced ________ (她自己) to our new friends. 【答案】herself 【详解】句意：妈妈加入我们的小团体，向新朋友做了自我介绍。动词“introduced”后缺宾语，结合主语Mum可知，表达“她自己”用反身代词“herself”。故填herself。 3．We enjoyed ________ (we) during the school trip last week. 【答案】ourselves 【详解】句意：上周的学校旅行我们玩得很开心。固定短语“enjoy oneself”，表示“玩得开心”，“we”对应的反身代词为“ourselves”，故填ourselves。 15. 人称代词主格 1.人称代词主格有人称和单复数之分，详见下表： 第一人称 第二人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 I（我） we（我们） you（你） you（你们） 第三人称 单数 复数 he（他） she（她） it（它） they（他/她它们） 2.人称代词主格在句中做主语。 I am a teacher.我是一名老师。 You are tall你个子高。 It is a book.它是本书。 3.人称代词排列顺序 巧学妙记 单数人称二三一，复数人称一二三 You, he and I are in the same class.你，我和他在同一个班。 We, you and they are new students.我们，你们和他们都是新生。 【典例】（24-25七年级下·云南红河·期中）— Is the CD on the desk ________? — No, it’s my brother’s. ________ likes it best. A．you; He B．your; His C．yours; He D．yours; His 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——桌子上的CD是你的吗？——不，它是我哥哥的。他最喜欢它。 第一空后无名词，需用名词性物主代词yours表示“你的CD”；第二空在句中作主语，指代my brother，需用主格人称代词he。因此用yours; He，符合语境。 【即练1】 1. —Dad, could you please teach ________ English? —Sure! But it’s more important to learn it by ________. A．my; you B．me; you C．me; yourself 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——爸爸，你能教我英语吗？——当然！但更重要的是靠你自己学它。 me我，宾格；my我的，形容词性物主代词；you你，主格或宾格；yourself你自己，反身代词。teach sb sth表示“教某人某事”，sb作宾语需用宾格me；by oneself表示“独自/靠自己”，需用反身代词，语境中是爸爸对孩子说，故用yourself。 2．Don’t tell others about it. It’s only between ________ . A．you and I B．you and me C．I and our D．me and your 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——别把这件事告诉其他人。这只限于你我之间。 you你（主格/宾格）；I我（主格）；me我（宾格）；our我们的（形容词性物主代词）；your你的（形容词性物主代词）。介词between后接人称代词要用宾格形式，应填you and me。 3．—Whose storybook is this? Is it Teng Fei’s? —It must belong to ________. He read it yesterday. A．him B．himself C．his 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本故事书是谁的？是滕飞的吗？——它一定属于他。他昨天读过。 him他，宾格；himself他自己，反身代词；his他的，物主代词。to是介词，后接人称代词宾格，应填him。 【即练2】 1. Ling Ling is a girl. ________ studies in a primary school. (her) 【答案】She 【详解】句意：玲玲是一个女孩。她在一所小学学习。前句提到“Ling Ling is a girl”，后句需要填入主语“她”。her是宾格或形容词性物主代词，对应的主语为she。 2．The teacher asks _________ (we) to go to school on time. 【答案】us 【详解】句意：老师要求我们按时到校。动词ask后面要接人称代词的宾格形式作宾语，固定搭配“ask sb. to do sth.”意为 “要求某人做某事”，需要用宾格形式，所以we要变为us，故填us。 3.. We admire ________ (she) for her hard work and courage. 【答案】her 【详解】句意：我们钦佩她的努力和勇气。动词“admire”后需接人称代词的宾格形式作宾语，“she”的宾格为“her”。 16. 物主代词 （1）形容词性物主代词 一、基本用法 形容词性物主代词具有形容词性质，在句中只能做定语，后接名词表示所属关系。 Is that his bike? 那是他的自行车吗？ 第一人称 第二人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 my（我的） our（我们的） your（你的） your（你们的） 第三人称 单数 复数 his（他的） her（她的） its（它的） their（他/她它们的） It's a panda. Its name is Huanhuan.它是一只熊猫。它的名字叫欢欢。 二、特殊用法 1.名词前用了形容词性物主代词就不能再用冠词。 It's my key.那是我的钥匙。 2.与形容词一起修饰名词时，形容词性物主代词要放在形容词的前面。 This is my good friend.这是我的好朋友。 （2）名词性物主代词 1.英语中的名词性物主代词 数人称 类别 单数 复数 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 名词性 物主代词 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs 含义 我的 你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的 你们的 他（她、它）们的 【典例】（25-26七年级下·福建·阶段检测）I can’t find ________ keys. Can you see ________? A．my; them B．mine; they C．my; their 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我找不到我的钥匙了。你能看见它们吗？ 第一空修饰名词keys，表示“我的”，应用形容词性物主代词my；第二空作动词see的宾语，指代复数名词keys，应用人称代词宾格them。 【即练1】 1. —Is this dictionary yours? —No, ________ is in my schoolbag. A．mine B．yours C．her 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这本字典是你的吗？——不，我的在我书包里。 mine我的（名词性物主代词）；yours你的（名词性物主代词）；her她的（形容词性物主代词/宾格）。根据句意，答语中缺少主语“我的字典”，应使用名词性物主代词mine。 2．—David, you left your book on the desk. —It isn’t ________. I think it is ________. A．my; Nick’s B．mine; Nick C．mine; Nick’s D．my; Nick 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——大卫，你把书落在桌子上了。——那不是我的。我认为它是尼克的。 my我的，形容词性物主代词；mine我的，名词性物主代词；Nick尼克，人名；Nick’s尼克的，名词所有格。第一空，空后无名词，应用名词性物主代词mine；第二空，表示“尼克的（书）”，应用名词所有格Nick’s。 3. —Li Lin, do you spend Halloween like Americans? —No, we don’t. It is ________ festival, not ________. A．their; our B．theirs; ours C．their; ours D．theirs; our 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——李林，你像美国人那样过万圣节吗？——不，我们不过。那是他们的节日，不是我们的。 their他们的（形容词性物主代词）；theirs他们的（名词性物主代词）；our我们的（形容词性物主代词）；ours我们的（名词性物主代词）。第一空后有名词festival，应用形容词性物主代词their；第二空后无名词，应用名词性物主代词ours，故应填their；ours。 【即练2】 1. Grandma takes good care of ________ (we) family and cooks nice food for us. 【答案】our 【详解】句意：奶奶悉心照料我们一家人，还给我们做可口的饭菜。该处需形容词性物主代词，修饰后面名词family，作定语；括号提示词we为主格，修饰名词要用物主代词，we变形为our，故填our。 2．This is not my pen. _________ (my) is in my schoolbag. 【答案】Mine 【详解】句意：这不是我的钢笔。我的（钢笔）在我的书包里。空格处需要指代“我的钢笔”，且后面没有名词，因此应使用名词性物主代词mine（相当于my pen），此处位于句首，故首字母大写为Mine。 3．The shoes on the floor are not my friends’. They’re ________ (they). 【答案】theirs 【详解】句意：地板上的鞋子不是我朋友们的。它们是他们的。本句需要填入代词作表语，指代“他们的鞋子”，应用名词性物主代词；they的名词性物主代词是theirs，相当于their shoes。 一、单词拼写 1. I can’t finish the work w______ your help. 【答案】 without 【解析】 句意“没有你的帮助我无法完成工作”。without表示“没有”，后接名词或代词。 2. Please w______ d______ the new words in your notebook. 【答案】 write down 【解析】 句意“请把新单词记在你的笔记本上”。write down意为“写下，记下”。 3. Can you p______ o______ the mistake in this sentence? 【答案】 point out 【解析】 句意“你能指出这个句子中的错误吗？”point out意为“指出”。 4. She finally m______ u______ her m______ to study abroad. 【答案】 made up her mind 【解析】 句意“她终于下定决心去国外学习”。make up one's mind意为“下定决心”。 5. There are a______ k______ of flowers in the garden. 【答案】 all kinds 【解析】 句意“花园里有各种各样的花”。all kinds of意为“各种各样的”。 2、 单项选择 1.  My sister can dress ______ without help. A. she　　 B. her　　 C. herself　　 D. hers 【答案】 C 【解析】 句意“我姐姐可以自己穿衣服”。dress oneself“自己穿衣”，反身代词herself表示“她自己”。 2.  —______ is your new teacher like? —She is kind and friendly. A. What　　 B. How　　 C. Who　　 D. Which 【答案】 A 【解析】 句意“你的新老师怎么样？”what...be like?是固定句型，询问性格或外貌特征。 3.  I often help my mother ______ housework on weekends. A. with　　 B. for　　 C. at　　 D. in 【答案】A 【解析】 help with sth.意为“帮助做某事”，help sb. with sth.“帮助某人做某事”。 4.  —______ students are there in your class? —Forty. A. How much　　 B. How many　　C. How old　　 D. How often 【答案】 B 【解析】 询问可数名词数量用how many，students为可数名词复数。 5. This is ______ book. ______ is on the desk. A. my; Your　　B. mine; Yours　　C. my; Yours　　 D. mine; Your 【答案】 C 【解析】 第一空修饰名词book，用形容词性物主代词my；第二空作主语，指代“你的书”，用名词性物主代词Yours。 三、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Please look after ______ (you) when your parents are away. 【答案】 yourself 【解析】 句意“父母不在时请照顾好你自己”。根据主语you，反身代词用yourself。 2. They have made up ______ (they) mind to join the club. 【答案】 their 【解析】 make up one's mind中one's需与主语they对应，用their。注意：mind用单数。 3. The teacher asked us to write down ______ (we) names on the paper. 【答案】 our 【解析】 修饰名词names，用形容词性物主代词our。 4. Can you help ______ (I) with my math? 【答案】 me 【解析】 help为动词，后接人称代词宾格me作宾语。 5. He wants to ______ (join) the music club because he loves singing. 【答案】 join 【解析】 want to do sth.，后接动词原形join。 四、完成句子 1. 请抬头看天空。 Please ______ ______ ______ at the sky. 【答案】 look up 【解析】 “抬头看”为look up at，其中look up意为“向上看”。（注意：look up at the sky） 2. 你能给我一些关于如何学习英语的建议吗？ Can you give me some ______ on how to learn English? 【答案】 advice 【解析】 advice为不可数名词，无复数形式，some advice“一些建议”。 3. 他决定加入篮球队。 He ______ ______ ______ to join the basketball team. 【答案】 made up his mind 【解析】 make up one's mind意为“下定决心”，主语he，故用made up his mind。 4. 他们在墙上贴了一张海报。 They ______ ______ a poster on the wall. 【答案】 put up 【解析】 put up意为“张贴，挂起”。 5. 这本书是她的，那本是我们的。 This book is ______, and that one is ______. 【答案】 hers; ours 【解析】 名词性物主代词作表语，hers = her book，ours = our book。 五、阅读理解 A Students Buy Teachers Gifts with Special Tickets For students at Pine Island in the US, saying thanks to their teachers is part of their daily life. They buy gifts for their teachers, but they do that in a special way. Do the students ask their parents for money to buy gifts? No. They get tickets (券) by helping others and doing well in school. Then, they use these tickets to buy gifts at the school shop. Every few months, teachers take their classes to the shop. The students have about 20 minutes to spend their tickets. One popular (受欢迎的) gift is the “99 to be kind“ bag. With 99 tickets, students can get a good bag full of all gifts for a teacher. Sometimes, students want to do something more special. For example, TJ Dusendang and classmates, Hudson VanderHoff and Tenley Welch, choose gifts together for their teacher, Wendy Hawes.” We want to do something special because it’s our teacher’s birthday and she’s retiring (退休). This is her last year here,” says fourth-grader TJ Dusendang. The kids want to let her know how much they love her. These gifts are warm surprises for teachers! How do you say thanks to your teachers? Why do the students buy gifts for their teachers? 1．How do the students get tickets for gifts? A．They help at the school shops. B．They ask their parents for money. C．They give others a helping hand. D．They help parents with the housework. 2．What do we know from paragraph 3? A．The students buy one gift each week. B．The students can buy a goodie bag with 99 tickets. C．The students can share gifts with their classmates. D．The students visit the school shop before school. 3．What makes the gift to Wendy Hawes more special? A．There is a surprise party. B．It has her favourite flower. C．It’s a gift from all the students in Grade 4. D．It’s a gift to celebrate her birthday and say goodbye. 4．What is the purpose (目的) of the passage? A．To tell us how to buy gifts. B．To help us work out a problem. C．To give us information about a school. D．To tell us a story about thanking teachers. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了美国Pine Island学校的学生通过帮助他人和在学校表现良好来获得特殊“票券”，然后用这些票券在学校商店为老师购买礼物的感恩方式。 【详解】1．由第二段“They get tickets by helping others and doing well in school”可知，学生通过帮助他人和在学校表现良好获得票券。 2．由第三段“With 99 tickets, students can get a good bag full of all gifts for a teacher”可知，学生可以用99张票券买到一个装满礼物的大礼包。 3．由第四段“We want to do something special because it’s our teacher’s birthday and she’s retiring”可知，给Wendy Hawes老师的礼物特别之处在于它既是生日礼物，也是退休告别礼物。 4．全文讲述了美国一所学校的学生通过特殊方式向老师表达感谢的故事，因此写作目的是讲述一个关于感谢老师的故事。 B John Dawkins is a teacher from America. He teaches English at school. Before class, Mr Dawkins stands outside the classroom. He greets his students there. He doesn’t just say hello to his students. There are some pictures outside the classroom. He lets the students choose their favourite way of greeting from the pictures. They can choose a hand shake , a high five , a fist bump , a thumbs up, a wave, or a hello ! Mr Dawkins greets his students every day, He wants to know how his students feel. He wants to be there for them. He wants them to be happy. He wants them to know they are important to him. The students like Mr Dawkins’s ways of greeting. They think they’re cool. They feel great to have a teacher like Mr. Dawkins. 5．There are ________ ways of greeting for the students to choose from. A．four B．five C．six 6．What is a high five? A．Holding the number of five in the air. B．Putting your hand up and hitting (击) your friend’s hand as a greeting. C．Pulling your two hands up and making them like the wings (翅膀) of a bird. 7．What is Paragraph (段) 4 about? A．Why Mr Dawkins greets his students. B．How Mr Dawkins greets his students. C．Where Mr Dawkins greets his students. 8．What do students think of Mr Dawkins? A．He is a great teacher. B．He is happy every day. C．He is important to the students. 9．What’s the best title of this passage? A．An Interesting Class B．Greetings from a Teacher C．A Great School 【答案】5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了来自美国的英语老师John Dawkins，在课前用多种不同的问候方式迎接学生，以此表达对学生的关心与重视，受到了学生们的喜爱。 【详解】5．第三段指出：“They can choose a hand shake, a high five, a fist bump, a thumbs up, a wave, or a hello!”，直接说明学生共有六种问候方式可以选择。 6．根据常识和文本配图，“high five”指的是举起手并与对方的手拍击来打招呼，对应选项B的描述“Putting your hand up and hitting your friend’s hand as a greeting”。 7．第四段内容为：“Mr Dawkins greets his students every day. He wants to know how his students feel. He wants to be there for them. He wants them to be happy. He wants them to know they are important to him.”，说明这一段是在讲述Dawkins老师问候学生的原因。 8．最后一段提到：“They feel great to have a teacher like Mr. Dawkins.”，可以看出学生们认为Dawkins老师是一位很棒的老师。 9．全文围绕Dawkins老师的多种问候方式展开叙述，因此最贴合的标题是“Greetings from a Teacher”。 六、完形填空 Dear Mark, How are you? I’m at a new 1 in China this term. I was a little nervous at first, but now I love it. My new school is 2 and nice, with bright buildings and a big playground. There are over 3,500 3 and 195 teachers. Each class has 50 students—we laugh and help each other. Teachers are very 4 to me, answering my questions patiently (耐心地). My Chinese classmates teach me 5 , and I teach them English after class. We practice dialogues (对话) during breaks. There’s a special farm at our school. Here’s a photo of the 6 garden—you can 7 fresh carrots, tomatoes and potatoes. There are twelve rabbits, fifty hens and five cows too. In labour (劳动) classes, we feed (喂) rabbits carrots and 8 houses for hens to keep them warm. We have no 9 on weekends. Sometimes I 10 basketball with classmates. Sometimes I go shopping with parents—we find snacks (零食) and stationery (文具) there. We all like China. Please write to me soon! 1．A．park B．museum C．school D．hospital 2．A．big B．tidy C．clean D．small 3．A．workers B．students C．doctors D．nurses 4．A．bad B．sad C．kind D．angry 5．A．French B．English C．Japanese D．Chinese 6．A．fruit B．flower C．grass D．vegetable 7．A．see B．eat C．cook D．plant 8．A．buy B．make C．take D．draw 9．A．games B．friends C．classes D．teachers 10．A．play B．find C．count D．watch 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了一位留学生在中国新学校的生活，包括校园环境、师生相处、农场劳动以及周末活动等，表达了对新生活的热爱。 【详解】1．句意：这学期我在中国一所新学校。 下文反复出现“My new school”“Teachers”“Each class”等词，表明是在学校，school“学校”符合语境，park“公园”、museum“博物馆”和hospital“医院”不符。 2．句意：我的新学校又大又好，有明亮的建筑和大操场。 下文“with bright buildings and a big playground”以及“over 3,500 students”表明学校规模大，big“大的”符合语境，tidy“整洁的”、clean“干净的”和small“小的”不符。 3．句意：有超过3500名学生和195位老师。 下文“Each class has 50 students”表明此处说的是学生数量，students“学生”符合语境，workers“工人”、doctors“医生”和nurses“护士”不符。 4．句意：老师们对我非常友好，耐心地回答我的问题。 下文“answering my questions patiently”表明老师态度好，kind“友好的”符合语境，bad“坏的”、sad“悲伤的”和angry“生气的”不符。 5．句意：我的中国同学教我中文，我课后教他们英语。 作者是外国留学生，中国同学教的自然是中文，Chinese“中文”符合语境，French“法语”、English“英语”和Japanese“日语”不符。 6．句意：这是菜园的照片——你能看到新鲜的胡萝卜、西红柿和土豆。 下文“fresh carrots, tomatoes and potatoes”都是蔬菜，vegetable“蔬菜的”符合语境，fruit“水果”、flower“花”和grass“草”不符。 7．句意：你能看到新鲜的胡萝卜、西红柿和土豆。 前文“Here’s a photo”表明是在照片中“看到”，see“看到”符合语境，eat“吃”、cook“烹饪”和plant“种植”与看照片的语境不符。 8．句意：我们喂兔子胡萝卜，并为母鸡搭建房子让它们保暖。 “houses for hens to keep them warm”表明是建造鸡舍，make“制作/搭建”符合语境，buy“买”、take“拿走”和draw“画”语义不通。 9．句意：我们周末没有课。 下文“Sometimes I play basketball”“Sometimes I go shopping”表明周末是空闲的，classes“课”符合语境，games“游戏”、friends“朋友”和teachers“老师”不符。 10．句意：有时我和同学打篮球。 “basketball”与play搭配，play basketball“打篮球”为固定搭配，play“打/玩”符合语境，find“找到”、count“数”和watch“观看”不符。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $