第04讲 Unit 4 Inventions（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新八年级英语新教材沪教版上册

第04讲 Unit 4 Inventions （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 能正确理解并运用in search of, on foot, take place, depend on, attach importance to, make fun of等核心短语。 2. 掌握a number of与the number of、take place与happen、invent与discover等近义词组的辨析。 3. 能运用although引导让步状语从句（不与but连用）及not only...but also的倒装结构。 4. 掌握attach, allow, depend, benefit, avoid, notice等动词的常见搭配及用法。 5. 能正确使用交通方式的多种表达（by/on/in/take）。 6. 掌握形容词比较级与最高级的不规则变化（good/better/best, bad/worse/worst, far/farther/further）。 7. 能运用(not) as...as结构进行同级比较，包括修饰可数/不可数名词的用法。 8. 能读懂关于发明、交通、科技发展等话题的短文，并提取关键信息。 学习重点 1. a number of 与 the number of 的辨析：a number of + 复数名词，谓语用复数（意为“许多”）；the number of + 复数名词，谓语用单数（意为“……的数量”）。 2.take place 与 happen 的区分：take place侧重计划性、人为安排；happen侧重偶然性、意外发生。 3.although引导让步状语从句：不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用。 4.invent与discover的辨析：invent指发明原本不存在的东西；discover指发现已存在但未知的事物。 5.not only...but also的倒装：not only置于句首时，前半句需部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提前）。 6.attach的三种核心用法：①attach...to（安装/连接）；②attach importance/significance to（重视）；③be attached to（依恋/附属于）。 7.doubt的从句引导词：否定句用that（There is no doubt that...）；肯定句用whether/if（I doubt whether...）。 8.notice的宾补用法：notice sb. do sth.（强调动作全过程）；notice sb. doing sth.（强调动作正在进行）。 9.形容词比较级与最高级不规则变化：good→better→best；bad→worse→worst；far→farther/further→farthest/furthest（farther指具体距离，further指抽象程度）。 10.(not) as...as的同级比较：as + 形容词原级 + as；as many + 可数名词复数 + as；as much + 不可数名词 + as。 学习难点 1. 在具体语境中准确区分a number of（谓语复数）与the number of（谓语单数）。 2. 正确使用not only置于句首时的部分倒装结构（如Not only did he read...）。 3. 区分attach...to（安装/连接）、attach importance to（重视）、be attached to（依恋/附属于）的不同含义与用法。 4. 区分doubt在否定句（that从句）与肯定句（whether/if从句）后的不同从句引导词。 5. 区分farther（具体距离更远）与further（抽象意义上更进一步）的用法差异。 6. 区分notice sb. do sth.（强调动作全过程）与notice sb. doing sth.（强调动作正在进行）。 7. 正确使用as many + 可数名词复数 + as与as much + 不可数名词 + as的比较结构。 8. elder/eldest只能作定语表长幼关系，不能用于比较级句型（如不能说older brother，应用elder brother）。 9. 综合运用多个短语进行完成句子或书面表达（如attach importance to, depend on, in search of, without doubt等）。 知识导图记忆 考点1 When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot.当第一批人类在10万年前决定离开家园，寻找新的居住地和更好的食物来源时，他们都是步行的。（教材P52） 【详解】①句子结构分析：这是一个主从复合句，从句由when引导的时间状语从句，主句部分是 “they did it on foot.” 在此我们只分析从句成分： When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live 连词 主语 谓语 宾语 时间状语 目的状语 and better sources of food ④ in search of 介词短语，表目的。意为 “为了寻找”，意思等同于 “to search/ in order to search”. ③ on foot 步行（介词短语，不作谓语） 【拓展】交通方式的表达 1) take + 交通工具： take a bus /train/plane /ship/taxi（乘公交 / 火车 / 飞机 / 轮船/出租车） 例：I take the subway to work every day.（我每天乘地铁上班。） 2) by + 交通工具（无冠词）： by bus /car/train /air/sea（乘公交 / 汽车 / 火车 / 飞机 / 海运） 例：She travels by plane twice a month.（她每月乘飞机两次。） 3) on/in + 限定词 + 交通工具： on a bike /bus/train（骑自行车 / 乘公交 / 火车） in a car /taxi（乘汽车 / 出租车） 例：He goes to school on his bike.（他骑自行车上学。） 4) 驾驶 / 骑行类 drive a car /truck（驾驶汽车 / 卡车） ride a bike /motorcycle（骑自行车 / 摩托车） 例：My father drives me to school daily.（我父亲每天开车送我上学。） 5) 步行与特殊方式 walk to + 地点 = go to + 地点 + on foot（步行去……） 例：I walk to the park /go to the park on foot.（我步行去公园。） 【典例】The scientists went to the desert ______ new kinds of plants. A. search for  B. in search of  C. searched for  D. in searching of 【即练】 My brother usually goes to school ______ bike, but today he is ______ his father’s car. A. by; in  B. on; by  C. by; on  D. on; in 考点2 Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place. 人类在接下来的94000年里继续在地球上行走，直到大约6000年前发生了一些重要的变化。（教材P52） 【详解】①辨析：a number of；the number of A.a number of 意为”“几个；若干”。of后跟复数名词或代词；作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。常用small/large 修饰number。即：a large number of... 大量的......； a small number of：少量的...... B.the number of 表示“……的数量”,of后跟复数名词 或代词；作主语时，谓语动词用第三人 称单数形式 例句：A number of people have attended the meeting.有若干人参加了这次会议。 The number of students in our class is 50.我们班学生的数量是50人。 The number of cars in this city is increasing rapidly.（这个城市汽车的数量正在迅速增加。 ② take place：不及物动词短语，意为 “发生；举行”，更侧重强调事件的计划性、规律性或人为安排。 例句：The meeting will take place next month.会议将于下个月举行。 happen 也意为 “发生”，强调事件的偶然性、随机性或非计划性。 例句：An accident happened on the highway.高速公路上发生了一起事故。 【典例】______ people in the city ______ increased rapidly in the past ten years. A. The number of; have  B. A number of; has C. The number of; has  D. A number of; have 【即练】 The sports meeting will ______ next Friday. Do you know what time the accident ______? A. take place; happened  B. happen; took place C. take place; took place  D. happen; happened 考点3 For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. 例如，在中亚国家哈萨克斯坦，人们开始骑马。（教材P52） 【详解】①“For instance” 是英语中常用的连接词，相当于 “for example”，用于举例说明前文提到的观点或情况，使表述更具体、易懂。 辨析 用法特点 举例场景 for instance/ example 侧重列举具体、典型的例子，可单独使用。 For instance, he loves classic novels like Pride and Prejudice. such as 后接多个例子列举，不能单独成句，不用逗号隔开。 He enjoys sports such as basketball, tennis, and swimming. ②central adj. 中心的；重要的；核心的 →centre/center n. 中心 【短语】“in the centre of” 是介词短语，意为 “在…… 的中心 / 中央”，用于描述物体、地点或抽象概念的空间位置或核心地位。 【典例】I like fruits, ______ apples, bananas and oranges. A. for instance  B. such as  C. for example  D. like as 【即练】 The train station is located ______ the centre of the city. A. on  B. at  C. in  D. to 考点4 Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. 虽然这意味着人们可以走得更远、更快，但运输大量货物仍然是件困难的工作。（教材P52） 【详解】①句子结构分析：这是一个主从复合句，从句是由although引导的让步状语从句， 从句部分：Although this meant that people could travel further and faster 连词 主语 谓语 宾语（是一个that引导的宾语从句） 主句部分：transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. 主语（动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数） 系动词 表语 ②although连词（conj.），用于引导让步状语从句，表示 “尽管；虽然”，体现主从句之间的转折关系。不能跟but 一起用，但主句中可加 yet/still/nevertheless 等副词，强调转折。 例：Although he is rich, he is unhappy.虽然他很富有，但他并不快乐。 Although she’s young, yet she is very independent.她虽年轻，却很独立。 ③large amounts of ... 意为：“大量的......”。反义表达：small amounts of... 拓展：the amount of... 和an amount of... · the amount of + 不可数名词 表示 “一定量的、…数量”。 例句：The amount of homework affects students’ free time.（作业量影响学生空闲时间。） ·  an amount of + 不可数名词 表示 “不确定的、泛指的数量”，相当于 “some” 或 “a certain quantity”，后接不可数名词。 强调 “大量”：a large/great/enormous amount of...（例：a large amount of data） 强调 “少量”：a small amount of...（例：a small amount of sugar） 例句：An amount of time is needed to master a new skill.（掌握新技能需要一定时间。） · 谓语动词形式 无论 the amount of 还是 an amount of，谓语动词均用单数形式，因为核心词是 “amount”（数量）。 例句：The amount of pollution in the city has decreased.城市污染量已减少。 An amount of effort is required to finish the project.完成项目需要一定努力。 【典例】______ he is very young, ______ he knows a lot about computers. A. Although; but  B. Although; /  C. Because; so  D. Because; / 【即练】 ______ large amounts of money ______ been spent on the project. A. A large amount of; have  B. Large amounts of; has C. Large amounts of; have  D. Amount of; has 考点5 Who first invented the wheel? 谁最先发明了轮子？（教材P52） 【详解】【词根拓展】 invention n. 发明；发明物 The light bulb is a famous invention.（电灯泡是著名的发明。） inventor n. 发明家 Edison was a great inventor.（爱迪生是伟大的发明家。） 【用法辨析】invent，discover，find，find out, look for · invent：意为 “发明”，指发明或创造先前不存在的东西。 例：Edison worked hard to invent the light bulb, bringing light to people's lives. 爱迪生努力发明了电灯泡，为人们的生活带来了光明 。 · discover：意为 “发现”，多指发现先前已经存在但未被发现的事物、真理或情况 例：Scientists hope to discover new planets in the universe.科学家们希望在宇宙中发现新的行星 。 · find out：意为 “发现；查明”，同 discover，多指发现某个事实、真相或者较为抽象的东西 例：We need to find out the truth behind this mystery.我们需要查明这个谜团背后的真相 。 · find：意为 “发现；找到”，多指找到具体的物品，强调 “找” 的结果 例：I finally find my lost keys under the sofa.我终于在沙发下面找到了我丢失的钥匙 。 · look for：意为 “寻找；找”，强调 “找” 的动作和过程。 例：She is looking for her notebook everywhere in the classroom.她正在教室里到处找她的笔记本 。 【典例】Edison ______ the electric light bulb, and Columbus ______ America. A. invented; discovered  B. discovered; invented C. found; invented  D. invented; found 【即练】 I ______ my keys everywhere, but I couldn’t ______ them. Later I ______ that my brother had taken them. A. looked for; find; found out  B. found; look for; find out C. looked for; find out; find  D. found; found; found out 考点6 They soon attached wheels to horse - pulled vehicles.他们很快就在马车上装上了轮子。（教材P53） 【详解】attach的基本用法 1.vt.安装；固定；连接 基本结构：attach sth. to sth.（把某物安装 / 固定到某物上） 例：They attached wheels to the cart.（他们把轮子装到马车上。） 例：Attach the photo to the application form.（把照片贴在申请表上。） 【拓展运用】 2.vt.使附属；使隶属于 结构：attach sb./sth. to sth.（使某人 / 物附属于……） 例：The research unit is attached to the university.（该研究单位附属于这所大学。） 例：She attached herself to the local charity group.（她加入了当地慈善团体。） 结构：be attached to sb./sth. 含义：① 依恋；喜爱（情感层面） ② 附属于；与…… 相连（物理 / 组织层面） 例：She is deeply attached to her hometown.（她深爱自己的家乡。） 例：The hospital is attached to a medical school.（这家医院附属于一所医学院。） 4.vt.重视；认为…… 有重要性 结构：attach importance/significance to sth.（重视某物） 例：Parents often attach great importance to their children’s education.（父母常高度重视孩子的教育。） 例：The company attaches significance to environmental protection.（这家公司重视环境保护。） 【典例】My parents ______ great importance to my education. A. attach  B. give  C. put  D. take 【即练】 The little girl is deeply ______ her grandmother. A. attach to  B. attached to  C. attaching to  D. attaches to 考点7 The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines. 轮子不仅改变了人类的移动方式，还让我们能够建造各种各样的神奇机器。（教材P53） 【详解】①not only... but also: 意为“不仅......而且”。用于连接两个并列的成分，表示递进关系。 1.连接并列谓语 当连接两个谓语动词时，时态需保持一致。 例：She not only studies hard, but also participates in many activities.（她不仅学习努力，还参加很多活动。） 2.连接并列主语 遵循 “就近原则”，谓语动词与 but also 后的主语一致。 例：Not only the students but also the teacher is excited about the trip.（不仅学生，老师也对这次旅行感到兴奋。） 3.连接并列句子 not only 置于句首时，前半句需部分倒装（助动词 / 情态动词提前），but also 后的句子不倒装。 例：Not only did he finish the work, but he also helped others.（他不仅完成了工作，还帮助了别人。） 4.省略与简化 but also 可省略为 but 或 also，口语中更常见。 例：He not only likes reading, but enjoys writing.（他不仅喜欢阅读，还喜欢写作。） ②、allow 的用法搭配 1. allow sth. /allow doing sth. 允许某事 / 允许做某事。后接名词或动名词作宾语，不可接不定式作宾语。 例：The school allows mobile phones in specific areas.（学校允许在特定区域使用手机。） 例：We don’t allow smoking here.（我们这里不允许吸烟。） 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 例：My parents allow me to stay out until 10 pm.（我父母允许我在外待到晚上 10 点。） 3. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态） 例：Students are allowed to use calculators in the exam.（学生在考试中被允许使用计算器。） 【典例】Not only ______ the book, but he also remembered what he had read. A. he read  B. did he read  C. he did read  D. reads he 【即练】 Parents should not allow their children ______ too much time on video games. A. spend  B. to spend  C. spending  D. spent 考点8 Windmills, clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution depended on the wheel.风车、钟表和其他机器都使用轮子，工业革命依赖于轮子。（教材P53） 【详解】【词根】depend：v.依赖；依靠 →adj.dependent（依赖的）→ independent（不依赖的→独立的） → n. dependence(依靠；依赖) →adj. dependable可靠的，可信赖的 【短语和句型】 depend on表示 “依赖 ；依靠某人 / 某物”；还表示 “取决于某事”。同义表达有：rely on, count on, be dependent on。 depend on + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词 例句：Children depend on their parents for food and shelter.孩子们依赖父母提供食物和住所。 Whether we go out depends on the weather.我们是否外出取决于天气。 depend on + 疑问词（what/how/when等）+ 从句 例句：The price depends on how much you buy.价格取决于你购买的数量。 depend on sb. /sth. to do sth. 依靠某人/某物做某事 例句：You can depend on him to finish the task on time.你可以指望他按时完成任务。 【典例】Whether we will go camping tomorrow ______ the weather. A. depends on  B. decides  C. insists on  D. carries on 【即练】 You can always ______ him to help you when you are in trouble. A. depend on  B. depend with  C. depend to  D. depend for 考点9 Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一。（教材P53） 【详解】①doubt 作名词，意为“疑惑；疑问”,既作可数名词， 又作不可数名词。其常见搭配如下： without doubt 毫无疑问= undoubtedly=beyond doubt There is no doubt (that)...：毫无疑问…… 例句：There is no doubt that regular exercise improves physical and mental health. 毫无疑问，定期锻炼能改善身心健康。 doubt 还作动词，意为“怀疑”,其后可接名词、代词或 if/whether/that引导的宾语从句。 I doubt his words.He may be lying. 我怀疑他的话。他可能在说谎。 I doubt if he has read this article. 我怀疑他是否读过这篇文章。 ②of all time：一直，始终；有史以来=in the history= throughout the history 【典例】There is no ______ that the Internet has changed our life greatly. A. doubt  B. way  C. reason  D. problem 【即练】 I doubt ______ he will come to the party on time because he is always late. A. that  B. whether  C. when  D. where 考点10 The speaker personally likes the invention very much.说话人本人非常喜欢这项发明。（教材P56） 【详解】personally: adv. 就个人意见 例句：I like him personally, but I don't agree with his decision.（我个人喜欢他，但我不同意他的决定。 ） 【同根词】person（名词）人；个人  【短语】 in person 亲自 personal（形容词）个人的；私人的；亲自的 。 personality（名词）个性；性格；人格；名人 。 【典例】______, I think the movie is worth watching twice. A. Person  B. Personal  C. Personally  D. In person 【即练】 She is a very ______ friend of mine. We often meet and talk ______. A. personal; in person  B. personally; personal C. person; personally  D. personal; personality 考点11 making fun of the invention嘲笑这项发明（教材P56） 【详解】make fun of意为 “取笑；嘲弄；开玩笑”，后接宾语（人或事物），用于描述以幽默或嘲讽的方式调侃他人或事物。 近义表达：make a fool of； laugh at，play a joke on, make jokes about, play a trick on 【典例】It’s impolite to ______ others’ appearance. A. make fun of  B. make a fun of  C. make fun for  D. make fun with 【即练】 The boy felt sad because his classmates ______ him. A. played a joke on  B. made a joke about  C. both A and B  D. laughed at 考点12 Benefits of my invention 我的发明具有的优点（教材P60） 【详解】(1)n. benefits（复数形式最常见） 好处、益处 例：Exercise brings numerous benefits to health.运动对健康有许多好处。 (2)v. benefit（及物 / 不及物动词） 1. benefit sb./sth.（及物）：使受益 例：The new policy will benefit low-income families.（新政策将惠及低收入家庭。） 2. benefit from/by sth.（不及物）：从… 中获益 例：Students benefit greatly from interactive learning.（学生从互动学习中获益良多。） 【典例】Regular exercise ______ your health greatly. A. benefits  B. benefits to  C. is benefit  D. benefit for 【即练】 We can ______ the new library’s resources to improve our study. A. benefit  B. benefit from  C. beneficial  D. benefit to 考点13 My invention will help people avoid traffic jams. 我的发明将帮助人们避免交通堵塞。（教材P60） 【详解】(1)avoid 作及物动词，意为“避免；防止”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 例句：We should avoid rush hours.我们应该避开高峰时间。 Students must avoid copying others’ homework.学生必须避免抄袭他人作业。 (2) 同根词：avoidable adj.可避免的；能预防的 avoidable adj. 可避免的；能预防的 【典例】To keep healthy, you should ______ eating too much junk food. A. avoid  B. stop  C. keep  D. enjoy 【即练】 We must try to ______ making the same mistake again. A. avoid  B. prevent  C. stop  D. keep 考点14 He was so busy that he didn’t notice her.他太忙了，没有注意到她。（教材P62） 【详解】(1)notice: 动词（vt.）：注意到；留意到 用法1：notice + 宾语（名词 / 代词） 例：She noticed a strange noise outside.（她注意到外面有奇怪的声音。） 用法2：notice + that 从句 例：Did you notice that he left early?（你注意到他早走了吗？） 用法3：notice + 宾语 + do sth. {宾补为不带 to 的不定式（do）：强调动作全过程} 例：I noticed her enter the room quietly.（我注意到她悄悄进了房间。） 用法 4: notice + 宾语 + doing sth. {宾补为现在分词（doing）：强调动作正在进行} 例：He noticed a bird singing in the tree.（他注意到一只鸟在树上唱歌。） (2)名词（n.）：通知；布告；预告 例：There’s a notice about the meeting on the board.公告栏上有会议通知。 【典例】Did you notice him ______ the room quietly? A. enter  B. to enter  C. entered  D. enters 【即练】 I noticed a man ______ near the window when I passed by. A. stand  B. stood  C. standing  D. to stand 考点15 辨析 anywhere，somewhere,nowhere, everywhere 易混词 含义及用法 例句 somewhere 意为“在某处；到某处”,常用于肯定句中 Let’s meet somewhere near the park. 我们在公园附近找个地方见面吧。 anywhere 意为“在(或去)任何地方”,常用于否定句、疑问句和 条件状语从句中；用于肯定 句中时，强调任何一个地方。 I can’t find my keys anywhere.我哪儿都找不到钥匙。 Did you go anywhere interesting during the holiday? 假期你去什么有趣的地方了吗？ everywhere 意为“处处；到处”,常用于肯定句中。 He looked everywhere for his missing phone. 他到处找他丢失的手机。 nowhere 意为“无处；哪里都不”,相当于not..anywhere Without a map, we felt like we were going nowhere. 没有地图，我们感觉哪儿也去不了。 【典例】I can’t find my phone ______. I think I left it at home. A. somewhere  B. anywhere  C. everywhere  D. nowhere 【即练】 This path leads ______. We are lost. A. somewhere  B. anywhere  C. everywhere  D. nowhere Grammar 形容词的比较级和最高级（二） （教材P57） Grammar A good, bad and far Some comparative and superlative adjectives are irregular. Read the passage and pay attention to the words in bold. Many inventions make people’s lives better. For example, the invention of the wheel allowed people to travel farther distances. However, there are bad inventions too. A magazine once picked the top ten worst inventions in human history, such as cigarettes and plastic bags. Many people think these inventions make the world a worse place to live in. Adjective Comparative adjectives Superlative adjectives good better best bad worse worst far farther / further farthest / furthest B (not) as... as We use (not) as... as to say that things or people are (not) equal in some way. Read the sentences below and pay attention to the words in bold. Early computers were as big as a room. With electric lights, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime. A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb. Let's sum up the rules! · We use (not) as... as with the base form of adjectives to compare things and people. · We use (not) as... as with many + the plural form of a countable noun or much + an uncountable noun to compare amounts. 单元语法归纳与拓展运用 一、形容词的比较级和最高的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well 好的 better Best bad, ill 坏的 worse worst many, much许多的 more most little 少 less least far 远的 farther farthest further furthest old老的 older oldest elder eldest 注意： (1)farther和further 都可表示“更远的”,但further 还可用于表示“更进一步的”“更多的”等抽象含义。 如：further study 深造 (2) elder和eldest只能用作定语修饰名词，用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系，不用于比较级句型中。 如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥) B、原级结构和句型 1. 在表示“和…一样…”时，可用“as + 形容词as”结构(形容词要用原形)： Early computers were as big as a room.早期的计算机和一间房间一样大。 He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙。 2. 在表示“不如…那样…”时可用“not as(so)... as”这种结构： It isn’t so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那样冷。 He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那样英俊。 3.“(not)as many+复数名词+as”和“(not)as much+ 不可数名词+as”表示数量或程度，意为 “和……(不)一样多的……"”。 I have as many books as you. 我和你拥有一样多的书。 A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.蜡烛发出的光不如灯泡多。 4. 表示倍数,如“一半／两倍／三倍／四倍／······”等用“half/twice/three/four/...times+ as...as...”结构. We got three times as many people as we expected.来人的数目是我们预期的三倍. 5. 其它几个关于as…as的句型： ☆as … as one can：尽其所能 He began to run as fast as he could. 他尽其所能跑得快。 ☆as … as possible：尽可能 Please help us as quickly as possible. 请尽可能地帮助我们。 ☆as soon as…一……就…… He will call me as soon as he comes here. 他一来这儿就会给我打电话。 【即练】 一、单词拼写 写出下列词汇的比较级和最高级。 1．good ________ ________ 2．bad ________ ________ 3．far ________ ________ 4．many ________ ________ 5．little ________ ________ 6．busy ________ ________ 7．expensive ________ ________ 8．fat ________ ________ 二、单项选择 1．My sister is ________ than me. A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．the tallest 2．Nothing is ______ than health. Please keep on taking exercise every day. A．very important B．as important as C．more important D．the most important 3．Fast walking is becoming ________ according to the recent survey. A．popular and popular B．more popular and more popular C．popularer and popularer D．more and more popular 4．This is ________ book I have ever read. A．interesting B．more interesting C．most interesting D．the most interesting 5．— Could you please introduce something about Sally? — Sure, Sally has a very beautiful voice, and she sings the English song ________ among all the competitors. A．better B．best C．worse D．well 6．According to the study, the number of shark is much ________ than before. A．small B．the smallest C．smallest D．smaller 7．Our classroom becomes even ________ when the morning sunlight comes in through the window. A．cleaner B．the cleanest C．brighter D．the brightest 8．—What do you think of the talent show? —It’s excellent! I’ve never seen a ________ one than this. A．better B．the worst C．worse D．the best 9．—Is our school football game as ________ as the basketball game? —Yes! A．exciting B．the most exciting C．more exciting D．most exciting 10．By using AI, students can reach ________ levels of learning and success than before. A．high B．higher C．highest D．the highest 三、单词拼写 1．Lingling is one of ________ (helpful) students in my class. She is always ready to offer help. 2．AI technology in China has developed ________ (fast) than anyone expected. 3．All the singers have finished singing. Let’s choose the ________ (good) one from them. 4．The painting competition is as ________ (popular) as the singing competition. 5．Don’t worry if you fail. The ________ (hard) you practice, the ________ (easy) it will be. 6．Today is the ________ (bad) day! I lost my phone. Even ________ (bad), I lost my way. 7．Meimei practices speaking English on Doubao every day. Now she can speak English much ________ (clearly) than before. 8．Tom won the first prize in this competition because he worked ________ (hard) among us. 9．Sam goes to Britain for ________ (far) education. 10．China is going to double the size of its space station to make the “space home” ________ (big) and more comfortable. 1．Please ________ (加热) the oil and add the onions. 2．We must learn how to ________ (避免) danger in our daily life. 3．Mary was worried because she couldn’t find her pet dog ________ (在任何地方). 4．He ________ (注意到) a lost dog on the street and called the animal center. 5．A straight line is the shortest _________________ (距离) between two points. 6．The invention of movable type has a number of ________ (benefit). 7．You can’t find such beautiful scenery _________ (anywhere) else. 8．My father always ________ (avoid) clothes shopping, for he doesn’t care about his clothing. 9．He ________ (press) the button and turned on the machine. 10．Electricity can ________ food in cookers and cool it in refrigerators. (heat) 二、单项选择 1．________ many people dream of being famous, ________ not everyone achieves their dream. A．Although, but B．Although, / C．But, although D．But, / 2．Eating fresh fruit and vegetables every day can ________ us a lot by providing enough vitamins. A．accept B．reach C．pay D．benefit 3．Don’t ______ others too much. You should learn to do things by yourself. A．take after B．care about C．hear from D．depend on 4．Linda writes as ________ as Lily and they’re good students. A．careful B．carefully C．more careful D．more carefully 5．A big music festival will ________ next Sunday in Ganzhou Bird Nest. A．take up B．take off C．take place D．take away 6．The man spends ________ money ________ books for scientific research. A．a number of; to buy B．a number of; buying C．a great deal of; to buy D．a great deal of; buying 7．—Shall we visit Wuhu Ancient City? —Yup. Just as the Chinese saying goes, “To hear a hundred times is ________ to see once.” A．as good as B．not so good as C．not so well as D．as well as 8．We’d better have a ___________ discussion if we go to a ___________ place for the class trip. A．further; farther B．farther; further C．farther; farther D．further; farthest 9．I should spend more time learning English so that I can make ________ mistakes and get ________ grades. A．fewer, better B．less, better C．less, worse D．fewer, worse 10．The harder you study, ________ grades you will get. A．the worse B．the worst C．the better D．the best 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 三、完形填空 Mr. Clarke works in a middle school. He likes reading and often 1 some books from the library. He listens to the radio every morning and reads 2 after supper. So he knows much and teaches well. His students worship (崇拜) him very much. Mike, Mr. Clarke’s little son, is only nine. He 3 likes reading books. And he often asks his father some questions. Mr. Clarke always thinks he’s too young to understand him and chooses 4 ones to answer. Of course, the boy is not satisfied with (对……满意) it. One day, Mike read 5 about the electric lights and was 6 it. When his father told him to do some housework, he went on thinking of it. He asked him a few questions, and his father answered all. Then his father said, “Fathers always know 7 than sons!” “The boy thought for a while and said, I don’t think so.” His father asked, “Oh? Why?” Mike didn’t answer and asked 8 , “ 9 invented the electric lights?” “Thomas Edison,” answered Mr. Clarke. “Why didn’t his 10 invent them, then?” Looking at his son, Mr. Clarke didn’t know what to answer! 1．A．finds B．sells C．borrows D．buys 2．A．CD B．music C．TV D．newspapers 3．A．also B．never C．even D．only 4．A．more difficult B．the most difficult C．easily D．the easiest 5．A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 6．A．worried about B．interested in C．afraid of D．angry with 7．A．more B．most C．less D．least 8．A．instead B．carefully C．quickly D．brightly 9．A．Who B．Where C．When D．What 10．A．teacher B．mother C．son D．Father 四、阅读理解 How would you solve Maths problems if you didn’t have a calculator or a computer? For centuries, people in China have used an ancient counting tool to help solve such problems. The tool is called “abacus”. In Chinese, it is known as “suanpan”. An abacus has a rectangular (长方形的) wooden frame. It is divided into the upper part and the lower part by a horizontal (水平的) stick. A series of cross rods (棍子) extend from the top to the bottom of the frame (框架). Each rod has seven sliding beads (滑动的珠子), with two in the upper part and five in the lower part. Each of the two beads in the upper part has a value of 5, while each of the beads in the lower part has a value of 1. Beginning at the right side of the abacus, the first rod represents (代表) ones. The second rod represents tens and the third represents hundreds. This pattern continues. A traditional abacus with 13 rods can represent very large numbers. Besides counting, a Chinese abacus can also be used to do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It helped ancient Chinese people solve all kinds of Maths problems they met in their daily life. The Chinese abacus used to be the simplest calculating device for people in all trades in ancient China. A mathematician (数学家), Xu Yue at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty first invented it. A famous mathematician, Cheng Dawei in Ming Dynasty made it popular. To make people understand and use it easily, he also published a book called Suanfa Tong Zong. And this device has been equally famous to the “Four Great Inventions in Ancient China”. Today, people in Asia and Africa still often use it in daily life. 1．What did ancient people use to solve Maths problems? A．Calculators. B．Computers. C．Abacuses. D．Nothing. 2．The underlined word “extend” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”. A．end B．turn C．become D．spread 3．What number does the picture show according to the abacus? A．One, four and seven. B．Six, four and seven. C．Six hundred and forty-seven. D．One hundred and forty-two. 4．An abacus can do the following EXCEPT ________. A．painting B．counting C．addition D．division 5．The last paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to use the abacus B．the history of the abacus C．what an abacus can do D．the usage of the abacus 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五、任务型阅读 Petrol cars and electric cars Part 1: Think and Compare What are the differences between petrol cars and electric cars? (使用比较级造句) 1 Part 2: Read and Explore Are electric cars (电车) good for the Earth? Many of us would probably say yes. But Robert Sansone knows the answer isn’t that simple. Sansone is called a natural-born engineer. It is not surprising if you know the 17-year-old has completed nearly 60 engineering projects. A couple of years ago, Sansone watched a video about the advantages and disadvantages of electric cars. The video explained how the motors (发动机) of these cars are made. Most of them use rare-earth metals (稀土金属). These materials are very expensive. Even worse, they are often collected in ways that are harmful to the Earth. “Must we use these metals? Is there a more environmentally-friendly way?” Sansone thought. He had heard of the synchronous reluctance motor (同步电动机) before. But its performance should be improved. Over the following year, Sansone put one design after another to the test. Things didn’t go well at first. He failed fourteen times before coming up with a working model. The model is about 40% more powerful than a traditional one. And it doesn’t use rare-earth metals. These efforts have helped Sansone win a big award. He took part in this year’s Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair (大奖赛) with his motor. It’s the world’s largest pre-college science competition. He stood out from more than 1,800 competitors to win first prize. Sansone, however, isn’t yet done with his invention because it is far from perfect. It is difficult to make. This means it’s hard to become widely used. So Sansone has continued to improve and test his motor. Hopefully Sansone’s design will completely change the electric car industry one day.Part 3: Skills Challenge Task 1: Critical Thinking（根据文章内容回答下列问题 ） 1. What are the disadvantages of electric cars? 2 2. Why isn’t Sansone done with his invention yet? 3 3. What do you think of Sansone? 4 Task 2: Creative Project 假设你是未来汽车设计师，要创造一辆“理想汽车”（Ideal Car for Future），需包含： 1. 你设计时所考虑的要素 2. 1个创新点子（如：汽车可以变化适应不同的路面情况） 3. 用英语简单说明。 5. I am a car designer and I will introduce my ideal car for future. My car ________ and ________. Also, it . 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第04讲 Unit 4 Inventions （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 能正确理解并运用in search of, on foot, take place, depend on, attach importance to, make fun of等核心短语。 2. 掌握a number of与the number of、take place与happen、invent与discover等近义词组的辨析。 3. 能运用although引导让步状语从句（不与but连用）及not only...but also的倒装结构。 4. 掌握attach, allow, depend, benefit, avoid, notice等动词的常见搭配及用法。 5. 能正确使用交通方式的多种表达（by/on/in/take）。 6. 掌握形容词比较级与最高级的不规则变化（good/better/best, bad/worse/worst, far/farther/further）。 7. 能运用(not) as...as结构进行同级比较，包括修饰可数/不可数名词的用法。 8. 能读懂关于发明、交通、科技发展等话题的短文，并提取关键信息。 学习重点 1. a number of 与 the number of 的辨析：a number of + 复数名词，谓语用复数（意为“许多”）；the number of + 复数名词，谓语用单数（意为“……的数量”）。 2.take place 与 happen 的区分：take place侧重计划性、人为安排；happen侧重偶然性、意外发生。 3.although引导让步状语从句：不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用。 4.invent与discover的辨析：invent指发明原本不存在的东西；discover指发现已存在但未知的事物。 5.not only...but also的倒装：not only置于句首时，前半句需部分倒装（助动词/情态动词提前）。 6.attach的三种核心用法：①attach...to（安装/连接）；②attach importance/significance to（重视）；③be attached to（依恋/附属于）。 7.doubt的从句引导词：否定句用that（There is no doubt that...）；肯定句用whether/if（I doubt whether...）。 8.notice的宾补用法：notice sb. do sth.（强调动作全过程）；notice sb. doing sth.（强调动作正在进行）。 9.形容词比较级与最高级不规则变化：good→better→best；bad→worse→worst；far→farther/further→farthest/furthest（farther指具体距离，further指抽象程度）。 10.(not) as...as的同级比较：as + 形容词原级 + as；as many + 可数名词复数 + as；as much + 不可数名词 + as。 学习难点 1. 在具体语境中准确区分a number of（谓语复数）与the number of（谓语单数）。 2. 正确使用not only置于句首时的部分倒装结构（如Not only did he read...）。 3. 区分attach...to（安装/连接）、attach importance to（重视）、be attached to（依恋/附属于）的不同含义与用法。 4. 区分doubt在否定句（that从句）与肯定句（whether/if从句）后的不同从句引导词。 5. 区分farther（具体距离更远）与further（抽象意义上更进一步）的用法差异。 6. 区分notice sb. do sth.（强调动作全过程）与notice sb. doing sth.（强调动作正在进行）。 7. 正确使用as many + 可数名词复数 + as与as much + 不可数名词 + as的比较结构。 8. elder/eldest只能作定语表长幼关系，不能用于比较级句型（如不能说older brother，应用elder brother）。 9. 综合运用多个短语进行完成句子或书面表达（如attach importance to, depend on, in search of, without doubt等）。 知识导图记忆 考点1 When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live and better sources of food, they did it on foot.当第一批人类在10万年前决定离开家园，寻找新的居住地和更好的食物来源时，他们都是步行的。（教材P52） 【详解】①句子结构分析：这是一个主从复合句，从句由when引导的时间状语从句，主句部分是 “they did it on foot.” 在此我们只分析从句成分： When the first humans decided to leave their homes over 100,000 years ago in search of new places to live 连词 主语 谓语 宾语 时间状语 目的状语 and better sources of food ④ in search of 介词短语，表目的。意为 “为了寻找”，意思等同于 “to search/ in order to search”. ③ on foot 步行（介词短语，不作谓语） 【拓展】交通方式的表达 1) take + 交通工具： take a bus /train/plane /ship/taxi（乘公交 / 火车 / 飞机 / 轮船/出租车） 例：I take the subway to work every day.（我每天乘地铁上班。） 2) by + 交通工具（无冠词）： by bus /car/train /air/sea（乘公交 / 汽车 / 火车 / 飞机 / 海运） 例：She travels by plane twice a month.（她每月乘飞机两次。） 3) on/in + 限定词 + 交通工具： on a bike /bus/train（骑自行车 / 乘公交 / 火车） in a car /taxi（乘汽车 / 出租车） 例：He goes to school on his bike.（他骑自行车上学。） 4) 驾驶 / 骑行类 drive a car /truck（驾驶汽车 / 卡车） ride a bike /motorcycle（骑自行车 / 摩托车） 例：My father drives me to school daily.（我父亲每天开车送我上学。） 5) 步行与特殊方式 walk to + 地点 = go to + 地点 + on foot（步行去……） 例：I walk to the park /go to the park on foot.（我步行去公园。） 【典例】The scientists went to the desert ______ new kinds of plants. A. search for  B. in search of  C. searched for  D. in searching of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：科学家们去沙漠寻找新的植物种类。考查介词短语。in search of意为“为了寻找”，作目的状语。search for是动词短语，不能直接放在went后作状语。故选B。 【即练】 My brother usually goes to school ______ bike, but today he is ______ his father’s car. A. by; in  B. on; by  C. by; on  D. on; in 【答案】A 【简析】句意：我哥哥通常骑自行车上学，但今天他坐爸爸的车。by bike是固定搭配，表示“骑自行车”；in a car表示“乘汽车”。故选A。 考点2 Humans continued walking across the globe for the next 94,000 years, until about 6,000 years ago when a number of important changes took place. 人类在接下来的94000年里继续在地球上行走，直到大约6000年前发生了一些重要的变化。（教材P52） 【详解】①辨析：a number of；the number of A.a number of 意为”“几个；若干”。of后跟复数名词或代词；作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。常用small/large 修饰number。即：a large number of... 大量的......； a small number of：少量的...... B.the number of 表示“……的数量”,of后跟复数名词 或代词；作主语时，谓语动词用第三人 称单数形式 例句：A number of people have attended the meeting.有若干人参加了这次会议。 The number of students in our class is 50.我们班学生的数量是50人。 The number of cars in this city is increasing rapidly.（这个城市汽车的数量正在迅速增加。 ② take place：不及物动词短语，意为 “发生；举行”，更侧重强调事件的计划性、规律性或人为安排。 例句：The meeting will take place next month.会议将于下个月举行。 happen 也意为 “发生”，强调事件的偶然性、随机性或非计划性。 例句：An accident happened on the highway.高速公路上发生了一起事故。 【典例】______ people in the city ______ increased rapidly in the past ten years. A. The number of; have  B. A number of; has C. The number of; has  D. A number of; have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个城市的人口数量在过去十年里迅速增长。考查主谓一致。“the number of + 复数名词”意为“……的数量”，谓语用单数has。“a number of”意为“许多”，谓语用复数。根据句意“数量增长”可知选C。 【即练】 The sports meeting will ______ next Friday. Do you know what time the accident ______? A. take place; happened  B. happen; took place C. take place; took place  D. happen; happened 【答案】A 【简析】句意：运动会将在下周五举行。你知道事故是什么时候发生的吗？take place侧重计划性发生；happen侧重偶然性。运动会用take place，事故用happen。故选A。 考点3 For instance, in the Central Asian country of Kazakhstan, people started to ride horses. 例如，在中亚国家哈萨克斯坦，人们开始骑马。（教材P52） 【详解】①“For instance” 是英语中常用的连接词，相当于 “for example”，用于举例说明前文提到的观点或情况，使表述更具体、易懂。 辨析 用法特点 举例场景 for instance/ example 侧重列举具体、典型的例子，可单独使用。 For instance, he loves classic novels like Pride and Prejudice. such as 后接多个例子列举，不能单独成句，不用逗号隔开。 He enjoys sports such as basketball, tennis, and swimming. ②central adj. 中心的；重要的；核心的 →centre/center n. 中心 【短语】“in the centre of” 是介词短语，意为 “在…… 的中心 / 中央”，用于描述物体、地点或抽象概念的空间位置或核心地位。 【典例】I like fruits, ______ apples, bananas and oranges. A. for instance  B. such as  C. for example  D. like as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢水果，比如苹果、香蕉和橙子。考查举例表达。such as后直接接多个例子，不用逗号隔开。for instance/for example需单独使用，后跟完整句子或单个例子加逗号。故选B。 【即练】 The train station is located ______ the centre of the city. A. on  B. at  C. in  D. to 【答案】C 【简析】句意：火车站位于市中心。in the centre of意为“在……的中心”。故选C。 考点4 Although this meant that people could travel further and faster, transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. 虽然这意味着人们可以走得更远、更快，但运输大量货物仍然是件困难的工作。（教材P52） 【详解】①句子结构分析：这是一个主从复合句，从句是由although引导的让步状语从句， 从句部分：Although this meant that people could travel further and faster 连词 主语 谓语 宾语（是一个that引导的宾语从句） 主句部分：transporting large amounts of goods was still a difficult job. 主语（动名词短语作主语，谓语用单数） 系动词 表语 ②although连词（conj.），用于引导让步状语从句，表示 “尽管；虽然”，体现主从句之间的转折关系。不能跟but 一起用，但主句中可加 yet/still/nevertheless 等副词，强调转折。 例：Although he is rich, he is unhappy.虽然他很富有，但他并不快乐。 Although she’s young, yet she is very independent.她虽年轻，却很独立。 ③large amounts of ... 意为：“大量的......”。反义表达：small amounts of... 拓展：the amount of... 和an amount of... · the amount of + 不可数名词 表示 “一定量的、…数量”。 例句：The amount of homework affects students’ free time.（作业量影响学生空闲时间。） ·  an amount of + 不可数名词 表示 “不确定的、泛指的数量”，相当于 “some” 或 “a certain quantity”，后接不可数名词。 强调 “大量”：a large/great/enormous amount of...（例：a large amount of data） 强调 “少量”：a small amount of...（例：a small amount of sugar） 例句：An amount of time is needed to master a new skill.（掌握新技能需要一定时间。） · 谓语动词形式 无论 the amount of 还是 an amount of，谓语动词均用单数形式，因为核心词是 “amount”（数量）。 例句：The amount of pollution in the city has decreased.城市污染量已减少。 An amount of effort is required to finish the project.完成项目需要一定努力。 【典例】______ he is very young, ______ he knows a lot about computers. A. Although; but  B. Although; /  C. Because; so  D. Because; / 【答案】B 【详解】句意：虽然他很年轻，但他对电脑了解很多。考查连词。although引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可与yet/still连用。故选B。 【即练】 ______ large amounts of money ______ been spent on the project. A. A large amount of; have  B. Large amounts of; has C. Large amounts of; have  D. Amount of; has 【答案】C 【简析】句意：大量的钱已经花在了这个项目上。“large amounts of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式have。故选C。 考点5 Who first invented the wheel? 谁最先发明了轮子？（教材P52） 【详解】【词根拓展】 invention n. 发明；发明物 The light bulb is a famous invention.（电灯泡是著名的发明。） inventor n. 发明家 Edison was a great inventor.（爱迪生是伟大的发明家。） 【用法辨析】invent，discover，find，find out, look for · invent：意为 “发明”，指发明或创造先前不存在的东西。 例：Edison worked hard to invent the light bulb, bringing light to people's lives. 爱迪生努力发明了电灯泡，为人们的生活带来了光明 。 · discover：意为 “发现”，多指发现先前已经存在但未被发现的事物、真理或情况 例：Scientists hope to discover new planets in the universe.科学家们希望在宇宙中发现新的行星 。 · find out：意为 “发现；查明”，同 discover，多指发现某个事实、真相或者较为抽象的东西 例：We need to find out the truth behind this mystery.我们需要查明这个谜团背后的真相 。 · find：意为 “发现；找到”，多指找到具体的物品，强调 “找” 的结果 例：I finally find my lost keys under the sofa.我终于在沙发下面找到了我丢失的钥匙 。 · look for：意为 “寻找；找”，强调 “找” 的动作和过程。 例：She is looking for her notebook everywhere in the classroom.她正在教室里到处找她的笔记本 。 【典例】Edison ______ the electric light bulb, and Columbus ______ America. A. invented; discovered  B. discovered; invented C. found; invented  D. invented; found 【答案】A 【详解】句意：爱迪生发明了电灯泡，哥伦布发现了美洲。invent指发明原本不存在的东西；discover指发现已存在但未知的事物。故选A。 【即练】 I ______ my keys everywhere, but I couldn’t ______ them. Later I ______ that my brother had taken them. A. looked for; find; found out  B. found; look for; find out C. looked for; find out; find  D. found; found; found out 【答案】A 【简析】句意：我到处找我的钥匙，但找不到。后来我发现是我哥哥拿走了。look for强调寻找动作；find强调找到结果；find out强调查明事实。故选A。 考点6 They soon attached wheels to horse - pulled vehicles.他们很快就在马车上装上了轮子。（教材P53） 【详解】attach的基本用法 1.vt.安装；固定；连接 基本结构：attach sth. to sth.（把某物安装 / 固定到某物上） 例：They attached wheels to the cart.（他们把轮子装到马车上。） 例：Attach the photo to the application form.（把照片贴在申请表上。） 【拓展运用】 2.vt.使附属；使隶属于 结构：attach sb./sth. to sth.（使某人 / 物附属于……） 例：The research unit is attached to the university.（该研究单位附属于这所大学。） 例：She attached herself to the local charity group.（她加入了当地慈善团体。） 结构：be attached to sb./sth. 含义：① 依恋；喜爱（情感层面） ② 附属于；与…… 相连（物理 / 组织层面） 例：She is deeply attached to her hometown.（她深爱自己的家乡。） 例：The hospital is attached to a medical school.（这家医院附属于一所医学院。） 4.vt.重视；认为…… 有重要性 结构：attach importance/significance to sth.（重视某物） 例：Parents often attach great importance to their children’s education.（父母常高度重视孩子的教育。） 例：The company attaches significance to environmental protection.（这家公司重视环境保护。） 【典例】My parents ______ great importance to my education. A. attach  B. give  C. put  D. take 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我的父母非常重视我的教育。考查固定搭配。attach importance to意为“重视”。故选A。 【即练】 The little girl is deeply ______ her grandmother. A. attach to  B. attached to  C. attaching to  D. attaches to 【答案】B 【简析】句意：这个小女孩非常依恋她的祖母。be attached to sb.意为“依恋某人”。故选B。 考点7 The wheel not only changed the way humans move, but it also allowed us to build all types of amazing machines. 轮子不仅改变了人类的移动方式，还让我们能够建造各种各样的神奇机器。（教材P53） 【详解】①not only... but also: 意为“不仅......而且”。用于连接两个并列的成分，表示递进关系。 1.连接并列谓语 当连接两个谓语动词时，时态需保持一致。 例：She not only studies hard, but also participates in many activities.（她不仅学习努力，还参加很多活动。） 2.连接并列主语 遵循 “就近原则”，谓语动词与 but also 后的主语一致。 例：Not only the students but also the teacher is excited about the trip.（不仅学生，老师也对这次旅行感到兴奋。） 3.连接并列句子 not only 置于句首时，前半句需部分倒装（助动词 / 情态动词提前），but also 后的句子不倒装。 例：Not only did he finish the work, but he also helped others.（他不仅完成了工作，还帮助了别人。） 4.省略与简化 but also 可省略为 but 或 also，口语中更常见。 例：He not only likes reading, but enjoys writing.（他不仅喜欢阅读，还喜欢写作。） ②、allow 的用法搭配 1. allow sth. /allow doing sth. 允许某事 / 允许做某事。后接名词或动名词作宾语，不可接不定式作宾语。 例：The school allows mobile phones in specific areas.（学校允许在特定区域使用手机。） 例：We don’t allow smoking here.（我们这里不允许吸烟。） 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 例：My parents allow me to stay out until 10 pm.（我父母允许我在外待到晚上 10 点。） 3. be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态） 例：Students are allowed to use calculators in the exam.（学生在考试中被允许使用计算器。） 【典例】Not only ______ the book, but he also remembered what he had read. A. he read  B. did he read  C. he did read  D. reads he 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他不仅读了这本书，而且还记得他读过的内容。考查倒装。not only置于句首时，其后的句子需部分倒装，将助动词did提前。故选B。 【即练】 Parents should not allow their children ______ too much time on video games. A. spend  B. to spend  C. spending  D. spent 【答案】B 【简析】句意：父母不应该允许孩子花太多时间在电子游戏上。allow sb. to do sth.意为“允许某人做某事”。故选B。 考点8 Windmills, clocks and other machines all use wheels, and the Industrial Revolution depended on the wheel.风车、钟表和其他机器都使用轮子，工业革命依赖于轮子。（教材P53） 【详解】【词根】depend：v.依赖；依靠 →adj.dependent（依赖的）→ independent（不依赖的→独立的） → n. dependence(依靠；依赖) →adj. dependable可靠的，可信赖的 【短语和句型】 depend on表示 “依赖 ；依靠某人 / 某物”；还表示 “取决于某事”。同义表达有：rely on, count on, be dependent on。 depend on + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词 例句：Children depend on their parents for food and shelter.孩子们依赖父母提供食物和住所。 Whether we go out depends on the weather.我们是否外出取决于天气。 depend on + 疑问词（what/how/when等）+ 从句 例句：The price depends on how much you buy.价格取决于你购买的数量。 depend on sb. /sth. to do sth. 依靠某人/某物做某事 例句：You can depend on him to finish the task on time.你可以指望他按时完成任务。 【典例】Whether we will go camping tomorrow ______ the weather. A. depends on  B. decides  C. insists on  D. carries on 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们明天是否去露营取决于天气。考查短语。depend on意为“取决于”。故选A。 【即练】 You can always ______ him to help you when you are in trouble. A. depend on  B. depend with  C. depend to  D. depend for 【答案】A 【简析】句意：当你遇到麻烦时，你总是可以依靠他帮助你。depend on sb. to do sth.意为“依靠某人做某事”。故选A。 考点9 Without doubt, the wheel is one of the most important inventions of all time.毫无疑问，轮子是有史以来最重要的发明之一。（教材P53） 【详解】①doubt 作名词，意为“疑惑；疑问”,既作可数名词， 又作不可数名词。其常见搭配如下： without doubt 毫无疑问= undoubtedly=beyond doubt There is no doubt (that)...：毫无疑问…… 例句：There is no doubt that regular exercise improves physical and mental health. 毫无疑问，定期锻炼能改善身心健康。 doubt 还作动词，意为“怀疑”,其后可接名词、代词或 if/whether/that引导的宾语从句。 I doubt his words.He may be lying. 我怀疑他的话。他可能在说谎。 I doubt if he has read this article. 我怀疑他是否读过这篇文章。 ②of all time：一直，始终；有史以来=in the history= throughout the history 【典例】There is no ______ that the Internet has changed our life greatly. A. doubt  B. way  C. reason  D. problem 【答案】A 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，互联网极大地改变了我们的生活。考查固定句型。There is no doubt that...意为“毫无疑问……”。故选A。 【即练】 I doubt ______ he will come to the party on time because he is always late. A. that  B. whether  C. when  D. where 【答案】B 【简析】句意：我怀疑他是否会准时来参加聚会，因为他总是迟到。doubt用于否定句时接that从句；用于肯定句时接whether/if从句。故选B。 考点10 The speaker personally likes the invention very much.说话人本人非常喜欢这项发明。（教材P56） 【详解】personally: adv. 就个人意见 例句：I like him personally, but I don't agree with his decision.（我个人喜欢他，但我不同意他的决定。 ） 【同根词】person（名词）人；个人  【短语】 in person 亲自 personal（形容词）个人的；私人的；亲自的 。 personality（名词）个性；性格；人格；名人 。 【典例】______, I think the movie is worth watching twice. A. Person  B. Personal  C. Personally  D. In person 【答案】C 【详解】句意：就我个人而言，我认为这部电影值得看两遍。考查副词。personally意为“就个人意见”，常作插入语。故选C。 【即练】 She is a very ______ friend of mine. We often meet and talk ______. A. personal; in person  B. personally; personal C. person; personally  D. personal; personality 【答案】A 【简析】句意：她是我的一位私人朋友。我们经常见面并当面交谈。personal作定语；in person意为“亲自、当面”。故选A。 考点11 making fun of the invention嘲笑这项发明（教材P56） 【详解】make fun of意为 “取笑；嘲弄；开玩笑”，后接宾语（人或事物），用于描述以幽默或嘲讽的方式调侃他人或事物。 近义表达：make a fool of； laugh at，play a joke on, make jokes about, play a trick on 【典例】It’s impolite to ______ others’ appearance. A. make fun of  B. make a fun of  C. make fun for  D. make fun with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：取笑别人的外表是不礼貌的。考查固定短语。make fun of意为“取笑”。故选A。 【即练】 The boy felt sad because his classmates ______ him. A. played a joke on  B. made a joke about  C. both A and B  D. laughed at 【答案】C 【简析】句意：这个男孩很伤心，因为他的同学们取笑他。play a joke on / make a joke about / laugh at都可表示“取笑”。故选C。 考点12 Benefits of my invention 我的发明具有的优点（教材P60） 【详解】(1)n. benefits（复数形式最常见） 好处、益处 例：Exercise brings numerous benefits to health.运动对健康有许多好处。 (2)v. benefit（及物 / 不及物动词） 1. benefit sb./sth.（及物）：使受益 例：The new policy will benefit low-income families.（新政策将惠及低收入家庭。） 2. benefit from/by sth.（不及物）：从… 中获益 例：Students benefit greatly from interactive learning.（学生从互动学习中获益良多。） 【典例】Regular exercise ______ your health greatly. A. benefits  B. benefits to  C. is benefit  D. benefit for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：经常锻炼对你的健康大有裨益。考查动词用法。benefit是及物动词，直接加宾语，意为“使受益”。benefit from意为“从……中受益”。故选A。 【即练】 We can ______ the new library’s resources to improve our study. A. benefit  B. benefit from  C. beneficial  D. benefit to 【答案】B 【简析】句意：我们可以从新图书馆的资源中受益来提高学习。benefit from意为“从……中获益”。故选B。 考点13 My invention will help people avoid traffic jams. 我的发明将帮助人们避免交通堵塞。（教材P60） 【详解】(1)avoid 作及物动词，意为“避免；防止”,其后可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。 例句：We should avoid rush hours.我们应该避开高峰时间。 Students must avoid copying others’ homework.学生必须避免抄袭他人作业。 (2) 同根词：avoidable adj.可避免的；能预防的 avoidable adj. 可避免的；能预防的 【典例】To keep healthy, you should ______ eating too much junk food. A. avoid  B. stop  C. keep  D. enjoy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了保持健康，你应该避免吃太多垃圾食品。avoid doing sth.意为“避免做某事”。故选A。 【即练】 We must try to ______ making the same mistake again. A. avoid  B. prevent  C. stop  D. keep 【答案】A 【简析】句意：我们必须尽量避免再犯同样的错误。avoid后面直接跟动名词作宾语。prevent/stop常用prevent/stop sb. from doing。故选A。 考点14 He was so busy that he didn’t notice her.他太忙了，没有注意到她。（教材P62） 【详解】(1)notice: 动词（vt.）：注意到；留意到 用法1：notice + 宾语（名词 / 代词） 例：She noticed a strange noise outside.（她注意到外面有奇怪的声音。） 用法2：notice + that 从句 例：Did you notice that he left early?（你注意到他早走了吗？） 用法3：notice + 宾语 + do sth. {宾补为不带 to 的不定式（do）：强调动作全过程} 例：I noticed her enter the room quietly.（我注意到她悄悄进了房间。） 用法 4: notice + 宾语 + doing sth. {宾补为现在分词（doing）：强调动作正在进行} 例：He noticed a bird singing in the tree.（他注意到一只鸟在树上唱歌。） (2)名词（n.）：通知；布告；预告 例：There’s a notice about the meeting on the board.公告栏上有会议通知。 【典例】Did you notice him ______ the room quietly? A. enter  B. to enter  C. entered  D. enters 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你注意到他悄悄进入房间了吗？考查notice的用法。notice sb. do sth.意为“注意到某人做某事（全过程）”。故选A。 【即练】 I noticed a man ______ near the window when I passed by. A. stand  B. stood  C. standing  D. to stand 【答案】C 【简析】句意：我路过时注意到一个男人正站在窗户附近。notice sb. doing sth.强调动作正在进行。故选C。 考点15 辨析 anywhere，somewhere,nowhere, everywhere 易混词 含义及用法 例句 somewhere 意为“在某处；到某处”,常用于肯定句中 Let’s meet somewhere near the park. 我们在公园附近找个地方见面吧。 anywhere 意为“在(或去)任何地方”,常用于否定句、疑问句和 条件状语从句中；用于肯定 句中时，强调任何一个地方。 I can’t find my keys anywhere.我哪儿都找不到钥匙。 Did you go anywhere interesting during the holiday? 假期你去什么有趣的地方了吗？ everywhere 意为“处处；到处”,常用于肯定句中。 He looked everywhere for his missing phone. 他到处找他丢失的手机。 nowhere 意为“无处；哪里都不”,相当于not..anywhere Without a map, we felt like we were going nowhere. 没有地图，我们感觉哪儿也去不了。 【典例】I can’t find my phone ______. I think I left it at home. A. somewhere  B. anywhere  C. everywhere  D. nowhere 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我到处都找不到我的手机。我想我把它忘在家里了。考查不定副词。否定句中用anywhere，表示“任何地方”。故选B。 【即练】 This path leads ______. We are lost. A. somewhere  B. anywhere  C. everywhere  D. nowhere 【答案】D 【简析】句意：这条路哪儿也不通。我们迷路了。nowhere意为“无处”，符合语境。故选D。 Grammar 形容词的比较级和最高级（二） （教材P57） Grammar A good, bad and far Some comparative and superlative adjectives are irregular. Read the passage and pay attention to the words in bold. Many inventions make people’s lives better. For example, the invention of the wheel allowed people to travel farther distances. However, there are bad inventions too. A magazine once picked the top ten worst inventions in human history, such as cigarettes and plastic bags. Many people think these inventions make the world a worse place to live in. Adjective Comparative adjectives Superlative adjectives good better best bad worse worst far farther / further farthest / furthest B (not) as... as We use (not) as... as to say that things or people are (not) equal in some way. Read the sentences below and pay attention to the words in bold. Early computers were as big as a room. With electric lights, people can do as many things in the evenings as they can in the daytime. A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb. Let's sum up the rules! · We use (not) as... as with the base form of adjectives to compare things and people. · We use (not) as... as with many + the plural form of a countable noun or much + an uncountable noun to compare amounts. 单元语法归纳与拓展运用 一、形容词的比较级和最高的不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good, well 好的 better Best bad, ill 坏的 worse worst many, much许多的 more most little 少 less least far 远的 farther farthest further furthest old老的 older oldest elder eldest 注意： (1)farther和further 都可表示“更远的”,但further 还可用于表示“更进一步的”“更多的”等抽象含义。 如：further study 深造 (2) elder和eldest只能用作定语修饰名词，用于表示家庭成员之间的长幼关系，不用于比较级句型中。 如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥) B、原级结构和句型 1. 在表示“和…一样…”时，可用“as + 形容词as”结构(形容词要用原形)： Early computers were as big as a room.早期的计算机和一间房间一样大。 He is as busy as before. 他还是和以前一样忙。 2. 在表示“不如…那样…”时可用“not as(so)... as”这种结构： It isn’t so cold as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那样冷。 He is not so handsome as his brother. 他不像他哥哥那样英俊。 3.“(not)as many+复数名词+as”和“(not)as much+ 不可数名词+as”表示数量或程度，意为 “和……(不)一样多的……"”。 I have as many books as you. 我和你拥有一样多的书。 A candle does not produce as much light as a light bulb.蜡烛发出的光不如灯泡多。 4. 表示倍数,如“一半／两倍／三倍／四倍／······”等用“half/twice/three/four/...times+ as...as...”结构. We got three times as many people as we expected.来人的数目是我们预期的三倍. 5. 其它几个关于as…as的句型： ☆as … as one can：尽其所能 He began to run as fast as he could. 他尽其所能跑得快。 ☆as … as possible：尽可能 Please help us as quickly as possible. 请尽可能地帮助我们。 ☆as soon as…一……就…… He will call me as soon as he comes here. 他一来这儿就会给我打电话。 【即练】 一、单词拼写 写出下列词汇的比较级和最高级。 1．good ________ ________ 2．bad ________ ________ 3．far ________ ________ 4．many ________ ________ 5．little ________ ________ 6．busy ________ ________ 7．expensive ________ ________ 8．fat ________ ________ 答案：1． better best 2． worse worst 3． farther/further farthest/furthest 4． more most 5． less least 6． busier busiest 7． more expensive most expensive 8． fatter fattest 二、单项选择 1．My sister is ________ than me. A．tall B．taller C．tallest D．the tallest 2．Nothing is ______ than health. Please keep on taking exercise every day. A．very important B．as important as C．more important D．the most important 3．Fast walking is becoming ________ according to the recent survey. A．popular and popular B．more popular and more popular C．popularer and popularer D．more and more popular 4．This is ________ book I have ever read. A．interesting B．more interesting C．most interesting D．the most interesting 5．— Could you please introduce something about Sally? — Sure, Sally has a very beautiful voice, and she sings the English song ________ among all the competitors. A．better B．best C．worse D．well 6．According to the study, the number of shark is much ________ than before. A．small B．the smallest C．smallest D．smaller 7．Our classroom becomes even ________ when the morning sunlight comes in through the window. A．cleaner B．the cleanest C．brighter D．the brightest 8．—What do you think of the talent show? —It’s excellent! I’ve never seen a ________ one than this. A．better B．the worst C．worse D．the best 9．—Is our school football game as ________ as the basketball game? —Yes! A．exciting B．the most exciting C．more exciting D．most exciting 10．By using AI, students can reach ________ levels of learning and success than before. A．high B．higher C．highest D．the highest 答案： 1．B 【详解】句意：我的妹妹比我更高。 考查形容词比较级的用法。根据“than me”可知用形容词的比较级，tall的比较级是taller。故选B。 2．C 【详解】句意：没有什么比健康更重要了。请坚持每天锻炼。 考查比较级。very important非常重要；as important as一样重要；more important更重要的；the most important最重要的。根据than可知，此句应用比较级，故选C。 3．D 【详解】句意：根据最近的调查，快走正变得越来越受欢迎。 考查形容词比较级用法。popular and popular重复原级错误；more popular and more popular重复比较级错误；popularer and popularer比较级形式错误；more and more popular越来越受欢迎（正确表达“越来越……”的结构）。根据“is becoming”可知需用“越来越……”的渐进比较结构，故选D。 4．D 【详解】句意：这是我读过的最有趣的书。 考查形容词最高级。根据“I have ever read”可知，此处表示对多个事物的比较，需用最高级形式，前加定冠词the。故选D。 5．B 【详解】句意：—— 你能介绍一下萨莉的情况吗？—— 当然。萨莉的嗓音非常美妙，而且在所有参赛者中，她英文歌唱得最出色。 考查形容词最高级。better更好；best最好；worse更差；well很好。根据“among all the competitors”可知，这里是指在所有参赛者中，属于三者及以上的比较，应用最高级，best是well的最高级形式。故选B。 6．D 【详解】句意：根据研究，鲨鱼的数量比以前少得多。 考查形容词比较级。根据“than”可知，句子应该用比较级形式。故选D。 7．C 【详解】句意：当早晨的阳光透过窗户照进来时，我们的教室变得更加明亮。 考查形容词比较级用法。cleaner更干净的；the cleanest最干净的；brighter更明亮的；the brightest最明亮的。根据空格前的“even”可知，此处表示程度加深，后接比较级；根据“when the morning sunlight comes in through the window.”可知，阳光使教室“更明亮”。故选C。 8．A 【详解】句意：——你觉得这场才艺表演怎么样？——太好了！我从未看过比这更好的一场。 考查形容词比较级。better更好的；the worst最差的；worse更差的；the best最好的。根据“It’s excellent!”可知，觉得这场才艺表演很精彩，所以认为没有比这更好的一场，此处用比较级better与否定词never连用，表示“没有比……更好的”，相当于最高级。故选A。 9．A 【详解】句意：——我们学校的足球赛和篮球赛一样令人兴奋吗？——是的！ 考查形容词的原级。根据题干中“as...as...”意为“和……一样……”，是形容词原级的同级比较结构，中间用形容词或副词的原级，所以空格处填exciting。故选A。 10．B 【详解】句意：通过使用人工智能，学生可以达到比以前更高的学习水平和成功。 考查形容词比较级。high高的，形容词原级；higher更高的，形容词比较级；highest最高的，形容词最高级；the highest形容词最高级前加定冠词。根据“than before”可知，此处是在比较使用AI之前和之后的学习水平和成功，应用形容词比较级。故选B。 三、单词拼写 1．Lingling is one of ________ (helpful) students in my class. She is always ready to offer help. 2．AI technology in China has developed ________ (fast) than anyone expected. 3．All the singers have finished singing. Let’s choose the ________ (good) one from them. 4．The painting competition is as ________ (popular) as the singing competition. 5．Don’t worry if you fail. The ________ (hard) you practice, the ________ (easy) it will be. 6．Today is the ________ (bad) day! I lost my phone. Even ________ (bad), I lost my way. 7．Meimei practices speaking English on Doubao every day. Now she can speak English much ________ (clearly) than before. 8．Tom won the first prize in this competition because he worked ________ (hard) among us. 9．Sam goes to Britain for ________ (far) education. 10．China is going to double the size of its space station to make the “space home” ________ (big) and more comfortable. 答案： 1．the most helpful 【详解】句意：玲玲是我班上最乐于助人的学生之一。她总是乐于提供帮助。根据“one of...students”以及所给单词可知，此处为“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”的结构，表示“最……的之一”。故填the most helpful。 2．faster 【详解】句意：中国的AI技术发展得比任何人预期的都要快。根据“than”可知，此处应用fast的比较级faster修饰动词developed。故填faster。 3．best 【详解】句意：所有的歌手都唱完了。让我们从中选出最好的一个。根据“All the singers”可知是从所有歌手中选出最好的一个，故此处用最高级best。故填best。 4．popular 【详解】句意：绘画比赛和歌唱比赛一样受欢迎。根据“The painting competition is as...as the singing competition.”可知，此处是“as+形容词原级+as”结构，表示“和……一样……”，popular“受欢迎的”，形容词，此处用原级。故填popular。 5． harder easier 【详解】句意：如果你失败了，不要担心。你练习得越努力，事情就会变得越容易。分析句子可知，此处是“the+比较级，the+比较级”的固定句型，意为“越……，就越……”；hard的比较级是harder，easy的比较级是easier。故填harder；easier。 6． worst worse 【详解】句意：今天是最糟糕的一天！我丢了手机。更糟的是，我还迷路了。第一空，根据“the... day”可知，此处强调当天情况的极致负面程度，应用bad的最高级形式worst，表示“最糟糕的一天”；第二空，前一句已提到 “丢手机” 这一糟糕的事，此处指“迷路”是更糟糕的事，需表达“比之前更糟糕”的含义，所以填bad的比较级形式worse。故填worst；worse。 7．more clearly 【详解】句意：梅梅每天都在豆包上练习说英语。现在她英语说得比以前更清楚了。根据“than before”可知，横线处需填副词的比较级形式，用来修饰动词“speak”，表示现在和之前的对比。clearly“清楚地”，副词，其比较级形式为more clearly。故填more clearly。 8．hardest 【详解】句意：汤姆在这次比赛中获得了一等奖，因为他在我们当中工作最努力。根据“among us”可知，比较范围是三者及以上，表示努力程度最高，因此要用hard的最高级形式hardest，意为“最努力的”。故填hardest。 9．further 【详解】句意：山姆去英国接受进一步的教育。根据“Sam goes to Britain for...education.”及英文提示可知，此处指“深造；进一步的教育”，应用比较级further，表示抽象意义的“更进一步”。故填further。 10．bigger 【详解】句意：中国将把空间站的规模扩大一倍，使“太空家园”更大、更舒适。分析句子结构可知，此处与“more comfortable”并列，应填big的比较级形式bigger，意为“更大的”。故填bigger。 1．Please ________ (加热) the oil and add the onions. 2．We must learn how to ________ (避免) danger in our daily life. 3．Mary was worried because she couldn’t find her pet dog ________ (在任何地方). 4．He ________ (注意到) a lost dog on the street and called the animal center. 5．A straight line is the shortest _________________ (距离) between two points. 6．The invention of movable type has a number of ________ (benefit). 7．You can’t find such beautiful scenery _________ (anywhere) else. 8．My father always ________ (avoid) clothes shopping, for he doesn’t care about his clothing. 9．He ________ (press) the button and turned on the machine. 10．Electricity can ________ food in cookers and cool it in refrigerators. (heat) 答案：1．heat 【详解】句意：请加热油并加入洋葱。加热：heat，动词；本句为祈使句，祈使句中动词用原形。故填heat。 2．avoid 【详解】句意：我们必须学会如何在日常生活中规避危险。avoid“避免”，how to do“如何做”是固定搭配，动词avoid用原形。故填avoid。 3．anywhere 【详解】句意：玛丽很担心，因为她在任何地方都找不到她的宠物狗。anywhere“在任何地方”，作地点状语。故填anywhere。 4．noticed 【详解】句意：他在街上注意到一只走失的狗并打电话给动物中心。根据汉语提示可知，notice表示“注意到”，动词。根据后文“and called”可知，这是两个并列的动作，所以谓语动词的形式保持一致，called为call的过去式，所以空格处应填notice的过去式noticed。故填noticed。 5．distance 【详解】句意：直线是两点之间最短的距离。distance“距离”，不可数名词。故填distance。 6．benefits 【详解】句意：活字印刷术的发明有许多好处。根据“a number of”可知，空格处应使用名词的复数形式。故填benefits。 7．anywhere 【详解】句意：你在其他任何地方都找不到如此美丽的风景。根据“You can’t find...”可知，此句是否定句，要用anywhere，故填anywhere。 8．avoids 【详解】句意：我父亲总是避免买衣服，因为他不在乎自己的穿着。根据“always”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语My father是第三人称单数，故动词avoid需用单三形式。故填avoids。 9．pressed 【详解】句意：他按下按钮，打开了机器。根据句中“turned”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，结合所给词可知，press“按”，动词原形，此处应该填入其过去式pressed，作谓语。故填pressed。 10．heat 【详解】句意：电可以在炉灶中加热食物，还能在冰箱里冷却食物。结合句子语境可知，“can”为情态动词，后接动词原形“heat”和“cool”，体现电具备的功能，“heat”意为“加热”。故填heat。 二、单项选择 1．________ many people dream of being famous, ________ not everyone achieves their dream. A．Although, but B．Although, / C．But, although D．But, / 2．Eating fresh fruit and vegetables every day can ________ us a lot by providing enough vitamins. A．accept B．reach C．pay D．benefit 3．Don’t ______ others too much. You should learn to do things by yourself. A．take after B．care about C．hear from D．depend on 4．Linda writes as ________ as Lily and they’re good students. A．careful B．carefully C．more careful D．more carefully 5．A big music festival will ________ next Sunday in Ganzhou Bird Nest. A．take up B．take off C．take place D．take away 6．The man spends ________ money ________ books for scientific research. A．a number of; to buy B．a number of; buying C．a great deal of; to buy D．a great deal of; buying 7．—Shall we visit Wuhu Ancient City? —Yup. Just as the Chinese saying goes, “To hear a hundred times is ________ to see once.” A．as good as B．not so good as C．not so well as D．as well as 8．We’d better have a ___________ discussion if we go to a ___________ place for the class trip. A．further; farther B．farther; further C．farther; farther D．further; farthest 9．I should spend more time learning English so that I can make ________ mistakes and get ________ grades. A．fewer, better B．less, better C．less, worse D．fewer, worse 10．The harder you study, ________ grades you will get. A．the worse B．the worst C．the better D．the best 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 答案：1．B 【详解】句意：虽然很多人都梦想成名，但并不是每个人都能实现自己的梦想。 Although虽然；but 但是。英语中although和but不能同时使用，句首需要引导让步状语从句的连词Although，第二个空无需填词。 2．D 【详解】句意：每天吃新鲜水果和蔬菜能通过提供足够的维生素使我们受益匪浅。 accept接受；reach到达；pay支付；benefit使受益。根据“by providing enough vitamins”可知，新鲜果蔬能带来好处，因此应填benefit。benefit sb.意为“使某人受益”。 3．D 【详解】句意：不要太依赖别人。你应该学会自己做事。   take after长得像/性格类似；care about关心；hear from收到……的来信；depend on依赖/依靠。 根据“You should learn to do things by yourself”的提示，前半句应表达“不要过度依赖他人”，“depend on”符合语义。 4．B 【详解】句意：琳达写得和莉莉一样认真，她们都是好学生。 考查副词原级比较。careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词；more careful更仔细的，形容词比较级；more carefully更仔细地，副词比较级。句中“as…as”表示“和……一样”，中间需用形容词或副词的原级；修饰动词“writes”应使用副词“carefully”。故选B。 5．C 【详解】句意：一场大型音乐节将于下周日在赣州鸟巢举行。 考查动词短语辨析。take up占据（时间/空间）；take off起飞，脱下；take place发生，举行；take away带走。根据主语“A big music festival”和将来时态可知，此处表示“举行”的含义。故选C。 6．D 【详解】句意：这个人花费大量金钱购买用于科学研究的书籍。 考查短语辨析及固定用法。a number of许多，修饰可数名词；to buy动词不定式；a number of许多；buying动名词；a great deal of大量，修饰不可数名词；to buy动词不定式；a great deal of大量；buying动名词。句中“money”为不可数名词，需用“a great deal of”修饰；且“spend money (in) doing sth.”为固定搭配，表示“花钱做某事”。故选D。 7．B 【详解】句意：——我们去参观芜湖古城吧？——好。正如中国俗语所说：“百闻不如一见。” 考查固定搭配和比较结构。as good as和……一样好，good为形容词；not so good as不如……好；not so well as不如……好，well为副词；as well as和……一样好（也作“以及”解）。俗语“百闻不如一见”的英文对应表达为“To hear a hundred times is not so good as to see once.”，强调“听百次不如见一次”，用not so good as表示“不如……好”，形容词good在句中作表语。故选B。 8．A 【详解】句意：如果我们去更远的地方进行班级旅行，最好再讨论一下。further 表示的是程度，意思是“进一步的”；farther 表示的是路程的远近，意思是“更远的”，结合句意可知，答案为A。 9．A 【详解】句意：我应该花更多时间学习英语，这样我就能犯更少的错误，取得更好的成绩。 考查形容词比较级辨析。fewer更少的,修饰可数名词复数；less,更少的,修饰不可数名词；better,更好的；worse更差的,better和worse都可修饰可数或不可数名词。第一空后“mistakes”为可数名词复数，应使用fewer；第二空根据“花更多时间学习英语”的积极目的，应取得“更好的”成绩，用better。故选A。 10．C 【详解】句意：你越努力学习，你取得的成绩就越好。 考查the+比较级，the+比较级结构。the worse更差；the worst最差；the better更好；the best最好。根据“The harder you study”可知，后半句需用比较级“the better”与之对应，表示“成绩越好”。故选C。 三、完形填空 Mr. Clarke works in a middle school. He likes reading and often 1 some books from the library. He listens to the radio every morning and reads 2 after supper. So he knows much and teaches well. His students worship (崇拜) him very much. Mike, Mr. Clarke’s little son, is only nine. He 3 likes reading books. And he often asks his father some questions. Mr. Clarke always thinks he’s too young to understand him and chooses 4 ones to answer. Of course, the boy is not satisfied with (对……满意) it. One day, Mike read 5 about the electric lights and was 6 it. When his father told him to do some housework, he went on thinking of it. He asked him a few questions, and his father answered all. Then his father said, “Fathers always know 7 than sons!” “The boy thought for a while and said, I don’t think so.” His father asked, “Oh? Why?” Mike didn’t answer and asked 8 , “ 9 invented the electric lights?” “Thomas Edison,” answered Mr. Clarke. “Why didn’t his 10 invent them, then?” Looking at his son, Mr. Clarke didn’t know what to answer! 1．A．finds B．sells C．borrows D．buys 2．A．CD B．music C．TV D．newspapers 3．A．also B．never C．even D．only 4．A．more difficult B．the most difficult C．easily D．the easiest 5．A．everything B．nothing C．something D．anything 6．A．worried about B．interested in C．afraid of D．angry with 7．A．more B．most C．less D．least 8．A．instead B．carefully C．quickly D．brightly 9．A．Who B．Where C．When D．What 10．A．teacher B．mother C．son D．Father 答案：1．C 2．D 3．A 4．D 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．A 9．A 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了克拉克先生的儿子迈克对电灯的发明产生了兴趣，通过提问“为什么爱迪生的父亲没有发明电灯”，反驳了父亲“父亲总是比儿子懂得多”的观点，体现了孩子的好奇心和独特的思维方式。 【详解】1．句意：他喜欢读书，并经常从图书馆借一些书。 finds找到；sells卖；borrows借；buys买。根据“from the library”可知，此处指从图书馆借书。故选C。 2．句意：他每天早上听收音机，晚饭后看报纸。 CD光盘；music音乐；TV电视；newspapers报纸。根据“reads”可知，此处指看报纸。故选D。 3．句意：他也喜欢读书。 also也；never从不；even甚至；only仅仅。根据“He likes reading”和“He...likes reading books.”可知，克拉克先生喜欢读书，所以此处表示他的儿子也喜欢读书。故选A。 4．句意：克拉克先生总是认为他太年轻，听不懂他的话，于是选择最容易的问题来回答。 more difficult比较难的；the most difficult最难的；easily容易地；the easiest最容易的。根据“Mr. Clarke always thinks he’s too young to understand him”可知，克拉克先生总认为儿子太小，理解不了，因此他会选择最容易的问题来回答。故选D。 5．句意：一天，迈克读到一些关于电灯的内容，很感兴趣。 everything一切；nothing没有什么；something某事，用于肯定句；anything任何东西，用于否定句或疑问句中。根据“Mike read...about the electric lights”可知，本句是肯定句，此处指他读了一些关于电灯的内容。故选C。 6．句意：一天，迈克读到一些关于电灯的东西，很感兴趣。 worried about担心；interested in对……感兴趣；afraid of害怕；angry with生气。根据“When his father told him to do some housework, he went on thinking of it.”可知，他对电灯的相关内容感兴趣。故选B。 7．句意：他父亲说：“父亲总是比儿子知道得多！” more比较多的；most最多的；less较少的；least最少的。根据“than”可知，此处应填比较级；根据“He asked him a few questions, and his father answered all.”可知，此处指父亲总是比儿子知道得多。故选A。 8．句意：迈克没有回答，而是问：“电灯是谁发明的？” instead反而；carefully仔细地；quickly快速地；brightly明亮地。根据“Mike didn’t answer”和“...invented the electric lights?”可知，迈克没有回答，反而问了爸爸问题。故选A。 9．句意：迈克没有回答，而是问：“电灯是谁发明的？” Who谁；Where在哪里；When什么时候；What什么。根据“‘Thomas Edison,’ answered Mr. Clarke.”可知，迈克问爸爸是谁发明了电灯。故选A。 10．句意：那么，为什么他父亲没有发明它们呢？ teacher老师；mother母亲；son儿子；Father父亲。根据“Fathers always know...than sons!”可知，克拉克先生认为父亲总是比儿子知道得多，迈克为反驳这一观点，反问“为什么爱迪生的父亲没有发明电灯呢？”。故选D。 四、阅读理解 How would you solve Maths problems if you didn’t have a calculator or a computer? For centuries, people in China have used an ancient counting tool to help solve such problems. The tool is called “abacus”. In Chinese, it is known as “suanpan”. An abacus has a rectangular (长方形的) wooden frame. It is divided into the upper part and the lower part by a horizontal (水平的) stick. A series of cross rods (棍子) extend from the top to the bottom of the frame (框架). Each rod has seven sliding beads (滑动的珠子), with two in the upper part and five in the lower part. Each of the two beads in the upper part has a value of 5, while each of the beads in the lower part has a value of 1. Beginning at the right side of the abacus, the first rod represents (代表) ones. The second rod represents tens and the third represents hundreds. This pattern continues. A traditional abacus with 13 rods can represent very large numbers. Besides counting, a Chinese abacus can also be used to do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. It helped ancient Chinese people solve all kinds of Maths problems they met in their daily life. The Chinese abacus used to be the simplest calculating device for people in all trades in ancient China. A mathematician (数学家), Xu Yue at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty first invented it. A famous mathematician, Cheng Dawei in Ming Dynasty made it popular. To make people understand and use it easily, he also published a book called Suanfa Tong Zong. And this device has been equally famous to the “Four Great Inventions in Ancient China”. Today, people in Asia and Africa still often use it in daily life. 1．What did ancient people use to solve Maths problems? A．Calculators. B．Computers. C．Abacuses. D．Nothing. 2．The underlined word “extend” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “________”. A．end B．turn C．become D．spread 3．What number does the picture show according to the abacus? A．One, four and seven. B．Six, four and seven. C．Six hundred and forty-seven. D．One hundred and forty-two. 4．An abacus can do the following EXCEPT ________. A．painting B．counting C．addition D．division 5．The last paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．how to use the abacus B．the history of the abacus C．what an abacus can do D．the usage of the abacus 答案：1．C 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了算盘。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据“For centuries, people in China have used an ancient counting tool to help solve such problems. The tool is called ‘abacus’.”可知古人使用算盘来解决数学问题。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“A series of cross rods (棍子) extend from the top to the bottom of the frame (框架).”可知“extend”在段落中的意思是指“延伸”，因此可以用“spread”替换。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“Each of the two beads in the upper part has a value of 5, while each of the beads in the lower part has a value of 1. Beginning at the right side of the abacus, the first rod represents (代表) ones. The second rod represents tens and the third represents hundreds.”可知上面两颗珠子中的每一颗都代表5，而下面珠子中的每一颗都代表1。从算盘的最右侧开始，第一根杆代表个位，第二根杆代表十位，第三根杆代表百位。因此图片所表达的数字是六百四十七。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“Besides counting, a Chinese abacus can also be used to do addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.”可知除了计数之外，中国算盘还可以用来进行加法、减法、乘法和除法运算。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据“The Chinese abacus used to be the simplest calculating device for people in all trades in ancient China.”可知本段介绍了算盘的历史。故选B。 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 五、任务型阅读 Petrol cars and electric cars Part 1: Think and Compare What are the differences between petrol cars and electric cars? (使用比较级造句) 1 Part 2: Read and Explore Are electric cars (电车) good for the Earth? Many of us would probably say yes. But Robert Sansone knows the answer isn’t that simple. Sansone is called a natural-born engineer. It is not surprising if you know the 17-year-old has completed nearly 60 engineering projects. A couple of years ago, Sansone watched a video about the advantages and disadvantages of electric cars. The video explained how the motors (发动机) of these cars are made. Most of them use rare-earth metals (稀土金属). These materials are very expensive. Even worse, they are often collected in ways that are harmful to the Earth. “Must we use these metals? Is there a more environmentally-friendly way?” Sansone thought. He had heard of the synchronous reluctance motor (同步电动机) before. But its performance should be improved. Over the following year, Sansone put one design after another to the test. Things didn’t go well at first. He failed fourteen times before coming up with a working model. The model is about 40% more powerful than a traditional one. And it doesn’t use rare-earth metals. These efforts have helped Sansone win a big award. He took part in this year’s Regeneron International Science and Engineering Fair (大奖赛) with his motor. It’s the world’s largest pre-college science competition. He stood out from more than 1,800 competitors to win first prize. Sansone, however, isn’t yet done with his invention because it is far from perfect. It is difficult to make. This means it’s hard to become widely used. So Sansone has continued to improve and test his motor. Hopefully Sansone’s design will completely change the electric car industry one day.Part 3: Skills Challenge Task 1: Critical Thinking（根据文章内容回答下列问题 ） 1. What are the disadvantages of electric cars? 2 2. Why isn’t Sansone done with his invention yet? 3 3. What do you think of Sansone? 4 Task 2: Creative Project 假设你是未来汽车设计师，要创造一辆“理想汽车”（Ideal Car for Future），需包含： 1. 你设计时所考虑的要素 2. 1个创新点子（如：汽车可以变化适应不同的路面情况） 3. 用英语简单说明。 5. I am a car designer and I will introduce my ideal car for future. My car ________ and ________. Also, it . 答案： 【导语】本文讲述了Robert Sansone关于电机的研究情况。 【详解】1．本题为开放性题目，答案不唯一，但需要使用比较级。故填Electric cars are greener than petrol cars. 2．根据“A couple of years ago, Sansone watched a video about the advantages and disadvantages of electric cars. The video explained how the motors (发动机) of these cars are made. Most of them use rare-earth metals (稀土金属). These materials are very expensive. Even worse, they are often collected in ways that are harmful to the Earth.”可知，电动汽车的缺点在于它们大多使用昂贵的稀土金属，并且这些金属的采集方式往往对地球有害。故填Electric cars use expensive rare-earth metals and these metals are often collected in environmentally harmful ways. 3．根据“Sansone, however, isn’t yet done with his invention because it is far from perfect. It is difficult to make. This means it’s hard to become widely used. So Sansone has continued to improve and test his motor.”可知，Sansone还没有完成他的发明是因为它还远不完美，制作困难，难以广泛使用。因此，Sansone继续改进和测试他的电机。故填Because it is far from perfect. It is difficult to make. This means it’s hard to become widely used. So Sansone has continued to improve and test his motor. 4．根据“Over the following year, Sansone put one design after another to the test. Things didn’t go well at first. He failed fourteen times before coming up with a working model. The model is about 40% more powerful than a traditional one. And it doesn’t use rare-earth metals. These efforts have helped Sansone win a big award.”可知，Sansone在面对失败时坚持不懈，不断尝试新的设计，最终成功地创造了一个更强大且环保的电动机模型，并因此获得了大奖。这表明他是一个聪明的、有创新精神和总是追求优秀的人。故填He is smart, creative and always pursues excellence. 5．本题为开放性题目，答案不唯一，言之有理即可。可以这样说：I am a car designer and I will introduce my ideal car for future. My car is environmentally friendly and highly safe. Also, it can automatically adjust its chassis height and tire hardness to adapt to different road conditions. 故填is environmentally friendly；highly safe；can automatically adjust its chassis height and tire hardness to adapt to different road conditions. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $