第08讲 Unit 4 Changing and Growing（语法、写作知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新八年级英语新教材仁爱科普版上册

第08讲 Unit 4 Changing and Growing （语法、写作知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 语法1 后缀 -less/-ful 构成形容词 语法2 过去进行时 学习重点 单元写作以“Changing and Growing”为话题，属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“成长与蜕变”这一主题群。单元核心聚焦“成长中的变化、成长烦恼与应对方法、自我认知与接纳”， 考点一 语法精讲 形容词后缀：-less 与 -ful 核心定义：-less 和 -ful 是一对反义后缀，均加在名词后构成形容词，-ful 表“充满……的、具有……性质的”（积极含义），-less 表“无……的、不……的”（消极含义），是八年级高频构词考点。 后缀 核心含义 适用词类 构词规则 高频例词（含课文词汇） 反义词对应 -ful 1. 充满……的； 2. 具有……性质的；3. 能……的 名词（少数动词） 1. 直接加在名词后，无需改变名词拼写；2. 部分以y结尾的名词，保留y；3. 部分以e结尾的名词，保留e care（关心）→ careful（仔细的）； help（帮助）→ helpful（有帮助的）； joy（喜悦）→ joyful（快乐的）； success（成功）→ successful（成功的）； wonder（奇迹）→ wonderful（精彩的）； beauty（美丽）→ beautiful（美丽的）； hope（希望）→ hopeful（有希望的）； peace（和平）→ peaceful（和平的）； use（用处）→ useful（有用的）； meaning（意义）→ meaningful（有意义的） 对应 -less 后缀形容词，如：careful ↔ careless；helpful ↔ helpless； hopeful ↔ hopeless； useful ↔ useless；meaningful ↔ meaningless -less 1. 无……的；2. 不……的；3. 没有……能力的 名词（少数动词） 1. 直接加在名词后，无需改变名词拼写；2. 部分以y结尾的名词，保留y；3. 部分以e结尾的名词，保留e hope（希望）→ hopeless（无望的）； home（家）→ homeless（无家可归的）； use（用处）→ useless（无用的）； harm（伤害）→ harmless（无害的）； care（关心）→ careless（粗心的）； help（帮助）→ helpless（无助的）； pain（痛苦）→ painless（无痛的）； end（尽头）→ endless（无尽的）； fear（恐惧）→ fearless（无畏的）； meaning（意义）→ meaningless（无意义的） 对应 -ful 后缀形容词，如：careless ↔ careful；helpless ↔ helpful；hopeless ↔ hopeful；useless ↔ useful；meaningless ↔ meaningful 【即练1】 -less 与 -ful 填空 1.The story is very ________ (wonder). We all enjoyed it very much. 2.It’s ________ (use) to talk to him. He never listens to others’ advice. 3.She is a ________ (help) girl. She always helps her classmates with their homework. 4.The old man feels ________ (home) because his children are working in other cities. 5.The ________ (joy) news made all of us very excited. 6.He is very ________ (care) when he drives. He never has accidents. 7.It’s ________ (hope) to save the sick dog. It is dying. 8.This knife is very ________ (harm). It can cut your fingers easily. 9.The movie is very ________ (meaning). It teaches us a lot of life lessons. 10.She is ________ (care) with her school things. She often loses her pens and books. 11.The park is very ________ (peace) in the morning. There are few people there. 12.This machine is ________ (use). It can help us finish the work quickly. 13.He feels ________ (help) because he can’t solve the problem by himself. 14.The ________ (beauty) scenery attracted a lot of tourists. 15.It’s ________ (end) to do the same work every day. I feel very bored. 16.She is ________ (thank) for your help. You saved her life. 17.The operation was ________ (pain). He didn’t feel any pain at all. 18.He is ________ (fear) of nothing. He is very brave. 19.The plan is very ________ (success). We finished the work on time. 20.This book is ________ (meaning). It’s not worth reading. 21.The little girl is very ________ (hope) about her future. She wants to be a doctor. 22.It’s ________ (care) to leave the door open. Someone may break into the house. 23.The teacher is very ________ (help) to his students. He always answers their questions. 24.The ________ (color) flowers make the garden very beautiful. 25.He is ________ (home) and has to live on the street. 26.The music is very ________ (wonder). It makes me feel relaxed. 27.This tool is ________ (use). We can throw it away. 28.She is very ________ (care) with her money. She never wastes it. 29.It’s ________ (hope) that we will win the game. We are much stronger than the other team. 30.The ________ (harm) animal won’t hurt you. You can touch it. 1. wonderful2. useless3. helpful4. homeless5. joyful6. careful 7. hopeless 8. harmful9. meaningful 10. careless  11. peaceful 12. useful 13. helpless 14. beautiful 15. endless16. thankful 17. painless18. fearless 19. successful 20. meaningless21. hopeful 22. careless 23. helpful 24. colorful 25. homeless 26. wonderful27. useless  28. careful29. hopeful 30. harmless 过去进行时 一、过去进行时的用法和基本结构 定义与 构成 1. 定义：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 2. 结构： was/were + 现在分词 (v-ing) 3. 标志词： then, at this/that time yesterday, at ... last night 等。 I was travelling on the train then. 那时我正坐火车旅行。(教材原文) We were not shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们没在购物。 🌟 延伸： 过去进行时还常用于铺叙故事情节的背景。 A fire was burning and a cat was sleeping... A girl was playing the piano... 二、句式变化 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他? Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. 三、过去进行时 vs 一般过去时 现在分词的变化规律： 区别 辨析 过去进行时 强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行的过程，未必定完成。 He was doing his homework... 他一直在做作业。(强调过程) It was raining all night. 下了一夜雨。(侧重持续时长) 一般过去时 表示过去发生的事实或完成的动作。 He did his homework... 他把作业做完了。(强调完成) It rained last night. 昨夜里下过雨。(强调事实) 口诀 情况 变化规则 直 一般情况 直接加 -ing 去 以不发音字母 e 结尾 去 e 加 -ing 双 重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾辅音字母再加 -ing 改 以 ie 结尾 改 ie 为 y 再加 -ing 四、when 和 while 与过去进行时搭配 搭配 规则 主句时态 连词 从句时态 一般过去时 / 过去进行时 when 一般过去时 一般过去时 / 过去进行时 while 过去进行时 When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. 当邻居打电话来时(瞬间)，我们一家人正在吃晚饭(进行)。 While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses went by... 当我在车站等车时(持续)，三辆公车开过去了(事实)。 People were asking... while some were starting... 人们互相询问(进行)...与此时，一些人正开始(进行)... 注意：通常不用进行时的动词 心理情感： love, hate, like, know 等。 连系动词： seem, appear 等。 感官动词： see, hear, smell, feel, taste 等。 【即练2】 一．用所给词的适当形式填空（过去进行时） 1.I ________ (watch) TV when my mother came back last night. 2.What ________ they ________ (do) at 4 yesterday afternoon? 3.She ________ (not read) a book at that time. She ________ (draw) a picture. 4.My brother ________ (play) football with his friends when it began to rain. 5.— ________ you ________ (study) English at 7 last night? — Yes, I was. 6.They ________ (have) a meeting at 10 yesterday morning. 7.Tom ________ (play) the piano when his father called him. 8.What ________ you ________ (do) at this time yesterday? 9.She ________ (not sleep) when I visited her. 10.We ________ (play) basketball from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon. 11.He ________ (read) a newspaper at 8 o’clock last Sunday morning. 12.When the teacher came in, the students ________ (talk) loudly. 13.While she ________ (sing), her brother ________ (play) computer games. 14.They ________ (not have) a picnic yesterday afternoon. They ________ (go) shopping. 15.What ________ she ________ (write) at 7 p.m. yesterday? 16.We ________ (watch) a movie when the light went out. 17.— ________ they ________ (swim) in the pool at that moment? — No, they weren’t. 18.She ________ (cook) dinner when her husband came home. 19.While we ________ (walk) in the park, it began to rain heavily. 20.He ________ (not play) the guitar at this time last night. He ________ (listen) to music. 21.What ________ your parents ________ (do) when you got home yesterday? 22.They ________ (plant) trees from 9 to 11 yesterday morning. 23.She ________ (dance) at the party when I saw her. 24.While he ________ (read) a book, the phone ________ (ring). 25.We ________ (not do) our homework at 8 last night. We ________ (watch) TV. 1. was watching 2. were; doing 3. wasn't reading; was drawing 4. was playing 5. Were; studying 6. were having  7. was playing 8. were; doing 9. wasn't sleeping 10. were playing 11. was reading12. were talking13. was singing; was playing 14. weren't having; went 15. was; writing 16. were watching 17. Were; swimming 18. was cooking 19. were walking 20. wasn't playing; was listening 21. were; doing 22. were planting 23. was dancing  24. was reading; rang 25. weren't doing; were watching  二．句型转换（含否定句、一般疑问句、对划线部分提问） 1.They were having a meeting at 10 yesterday morning.（改为否定句） 2.Tom was playing the piano when his father called him.（改为否定句） 3.She was reading a book at 8 last night.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答） 4.We were playing basketball from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答） 5.He was watching TV when his mother came back.（对划线部分提问，划线：watching TV） 6.They were having a meeting at 10 yesterday morning.（对划线部分提问，划线：at 10 yesterday morning） 7.She was reading a book in the library at this time yesterday.（对划线部分提问，划线：in the library） 8.We were playing basketball with our friends yesterday afternoon.（对划线部分提问，划线：with our friends） 9.Tom was playing the piano when his father called him.（对划线部分提问，划线：Tom） 10.They were planting trees from 9 to 11 yesterday morning.（对划线部分提问，划线：planting trees） 11.She was cooking dinner when her husband came home.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） 12.He was listening to music at this time last night.（改为否定句） 13.We were walking in the park when it began to rain.（对划线部分提问，划线：when it began to rain） 14.They were not having a picnic yesterday afternoon.（改为肯定句） 15.What were you doing at 7 p.m. yesterday?（根据实际情况回答，示例：I was doing my homework.） 1. 否定句：They weren't having a meeting at 10 yesterday morning. 2. 否定句：Tom wasn't playing the piano when his father called him. 3. 一般疑问句及回答：— Was she reading a book at 8 last night?— Yes, she was. / No, she wasn't. 4. 一般疑问句及回答：— Were you playing basketball from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon? — Yes, we were. / No, we weren't. 5. 对划线部分提问（watching TV）：What was he doing when his mother came back? 6. 对划线部分提问（at 10 yesterday morning）：When were they having a meeting? 7. 对划线部分提问（in the library）：Where was she reading a book at this time yesterday? 8. 对划线部分提问（with our friends）：Who were you playing basketball with yesterday afternoon? 9. 对划线部分提问（Tom）：Who was playing the piano when his father called him? 10. 对划线部分提问（planting trees）：What were they doing from 9 to 11 yesterday morning? 11. 一般疑问句及否定回答：— Was she cooking dinner when her husband came home?— No, she wasn't. 12. 否定句：He wasn't listening to music at this time last night. 13. 对划线部分提问（when it began to rain）：When were you walking in the park? 14. 肯定句：They were having a picnic yesterday afternoon. 15. 根据实际情况回答（示例）：I was doing my homework.（合理即可） 考点二 写作精讲 本单元以“Changing and Growing”为话题，属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“成长与蜕变”这一主题群。单元核心聚焦“成长中的变化、成长烦恼与应对方法、自我认知与接纳”，常见写作角度包括： 1.分享成长中的关键变化与感悟； 2.描述成长中遇到的烦恼及解决过程； 3.讲述接纳自我、突破自我的成长故事。 好词佳句 词汇亮点：unforgettable（难忘的）、encourage（鼓励）、balance（平衡）、the key to growing up（成长的关键）。 佳句：This experience taught me that nothing is impossible if I don’t give up. 短语：give up、keep trying、face difficulties、the key to... 谚语 1.Experience is the best teacher.（经验是最好的老师。） 2.Failure is the mother of success.（失败是成功之母。） 写作题目 在成长过程中，你一定经历过让自己成长的事情。请根据提示写一篇英语短文，讲述你的一个成长故事，说说事情的经过和你从中得到的收获。（80-100词） 提示：1. 故事的时间和事件；2. 事情的经过；3. 你的收获和感悟。 写作模板 第一段：引出成长故事 I have many stories in my growth, but the story of learning to ride a bike is the most unforgettable one for me. It happened when I was twelve years old. 第二段：讲述事情的经过 At first, I fell down many times and wanted to give up. But my dad encouraged me to keep trying and taught me how to keep balance. After a week of practice, I finally could ride the bike by myself. 第三段：分享收获和感悟 This experience taught me that nothing is impossible if I don’t give up. Now I know that facing difficulties bravely is the key to growing up. 范文 I have many stories in my growth, but the story of learning to ride a bike is the most unforgettable one for me. It happened when I was twelve years old. At first, I fell down many times and wanted to give up. But my dad encouraged me to keep trying and taught me how to keep balance. After a week of practice, I finally could ride the bike by myself. This experience taught me that nothing is impossible if I don’t give up. Now I know that facing difficulties bravely is the key to growing up. 在我的成长过程中有很多故事，但学骑自行车的故事是我最难忘的一个。这件事发生在我十二岁的时候。 一开始，我摔了很多次，想要放弃。但爸爸鼓励我继续尝试，还教我怎么保持平衡。经过一周的练习，我终于能自己骑自行车了。 这次经历让我明白，只要不放弃，没有什么是不可能的。现在我知道，勇敢面对困难是成长的关键。 一．单句语法填空 1．All the fans were ________ (disappoint) because the singer didn’t appear on the stage. 【答案】disappointed 【详解】句意：所有粉丝都很失望，因为那位歌手没有登台。句子中were是系动词，后面需要接形容词作表语，说明主语“All the fans（所有粉丝）”的感受，动词disappoint的形容词形式中，disappointed表示“感到失望的”，用来描述人的主观感受，此处主语是粉丝（人），所以用disappointed。 2．You’d better not sit in front of the computer for too long without ________ (move). 【答案】moving 【详解】句意：你最好不要长时间坐在电脑前一动不动。此处位于介词“without”之后，需用动名词形式。“move”是动词，其动名词形式是“moving”。应填moving。 3．Nothing can prevent us from ________ (move) forward. 【答案】moving 【详解】句意：没有什么能阻止我们前进。“prevent sb. from doing sth.”是固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”，from是介词，后面接动名词作宾语。“move”的动名词形式是“moving”。 4．He was so ________ that he left his notebook in the library. (care) 【答案】careless 【详解】句意：他如此粗心，以至于把笔记本落在了图书馆里。 根据“left his notebook in the library”并结合提示词可知，此处是粗心的表现，此处需要应用“粗心的”careless，故填careless。 5．When I appeared before him, he looked ________. (surprise) 【答案】surprised 【详解】句意：当我出现在他面前时，他看起来很惊讶。根据“When I appeared before him, he looked...”的句子结构，感官动词look后需要接形容词作表语，此句中主语是he，surprise是动词，表达“他感到惊讶”，用surprised。故填surprised。   二．用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．While we ________(sing) an English song，some visitors came to our class. 2．I am sorry I didn't answer your phone because I ________(play) the piano at that time. 3．—Why didn't you pick up my phone at seven o'clock last night? —I ________(do) the dishes in the kitchen at that time so I didn't hear it. 4．At 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon，my father ________(wait) for me outside the school gate. 5．Tim ________(watch) Touching China on CCTV with his family from 8：00 to 9：00 last Saturday evening. 1.were singing　2.was playing3．was doing　4.was waiting5．was watching 三．按要求完成句子 1．The boy was reading.The rainstorm came.(合并为一句) The boy was reading ________ the rainstorm came. 2．He was__swimming at nine o'clock last Sunday morning.(就画线部分提问) ________ ________ he ________ at nine o'clock last Sunday morning? 3．The woman was shopping when she saw a car accident.(改为一般疑问句) ________ the woman ________ when she saw a car accident? 4．We were__talking__loudly when the teacher came in.(就画线部分提问) ________ ________ you ________ when the teacher came in? 5．He cleaned the blackboard yesterday.(用at this time yesterday改写句子) He ________ ________ the blackboard at this time yesterday. 1.when　2.What was；doing3．Was；shopping　4.What were；doing5．was cleaning 四．短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer，I spent two weeks in my grand－parents' house.One afternoon，at about 2 p．m.，the sky 1.________(begin) to darken slowly.My grandma was cooking dinner in the kitchen，and my grandpa 2.________(read) a newspaper in the living room.I 3.________(draw) pictures by the window.Suddenly，strong winds started blowing.The trees outside were swaying wildly，and their leaves 4.________(dance) in the air.My grandma shouted，“A storm is coming！” I quickly 5.________(run) to help her close the windows.Just then，heavy rain began to pour down.The lake water 6.________(rise).I could hear the rain hitting the roof.My grandparents and I all stayed in the living room，talking about the storm. The storm lasted for about an hour.7.________ it stopped，the sun came out again.I went outside and saw broken branches on the ground，but the air smelled fresh.At about 3：30 p．m.，my grandma 8.________(make) tea，and my grandpa 9.________(check) the garden.I realized that even though storms can be scary，staying with family makes everything feel safer. 1.began　2.was reading3．was drawing　4.were dancing　5.ran6．rose　7.When　8.was making 9．was checking 五．语法选择 A 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 What do you do when you have trouble? Do you often have 1 to do with? When facing problems and worries, some people believe the 2 thing is to do nothing. Because if we run away from them, we 3 more problems. Then how to deal with our problems? It is useful 4 someone you trust to talk to. Don’t keep your worries to yourself. 5 we talk to others, we’ll certainly (无疑地) become less worried. The person doesn’t need to be 6 expert. Your friends or parents will be OK. They are always there to help 7 . We often say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half. The more you talk to others, the 8 worries you will have. Maybe you didn’t solve your problems like this 9 the past. But now, just remember: unless we talk to someone, we’ll feel worse. So are you 10 to talk to others when you have problems after learning this passage? 1．A．anything difficult B．difficult anything C．nothing difficult D．difficult nothing 2．A．bad B．worse C．worst D．badly 3．A．have B．has C．had D．will have 4．A．to pass B．pass C．to find D．find 5．A．Though B．Until C．But D．If 6．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 7．A．your B．you C．yours D．yourself 8．A．fewer B．few C．less D．little 9．A．on B．at C．in D．with 10．A．go B．went C．goes D．going 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．D 6．B 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文主要讲了人们面对烦恼与问题时不应逃避，而应向信任的人倾诉，通过分享来缓解焦虑、解决问题。 1．句意：你经常有困难的事要处理吗？ anything difficult困难的事；difficult anything错误表达；nothing difficult没什么困难的事；difficult nothing错误表达。根据“Do you often have…to do with”可知，此处是询问是否有棘手的事情需要处理，本句为一般疑问句，需用anything表示“某事”，形容词修饰不定代词必须后置。故选A。 2．句意：面对问题和烦恼时，有些人认为最糟糕的做法就是什么都不做。 bad坏的；worse更坏的；worst最坏的；badly糟糕地。根据“…the…thing is to do nothing”可知，定冠词the后要接形容词最高级形式。故选C。 3．句意：因为如果我们逃避它们，我们会有更多问题。 have有；has有；had有；will have将会有。根据“…if we run away from them, we…”可知，if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”规则，主句需用一般将来时。故选D。 4．句意：找到一个你信任的人去倾诉是有用的。 to pass传递；pass传递；to find找到；find找到。根据“It is useful…someone you trust to talk to”可知，本句为“It’s + 形容词+to do sth.”的固定句型，it作形式主语，动词不定式为真正主语；结合语义，倾诉的前提是找到合适的对象，“传递”与语境不匹配。故选C。 5．句意：如果我们和别人交谈，就肯定会没那么焦虑。 Though尽管；Until直到；But但是；If如果。根据“…we talk to others, we’ll certainly become less worried”可知，前一分句是后一分句成立的条件，需用if引导条件状语从句。故选D。 6．句意：这个人不必是一位专家。 a一个；an一个；the这/那；/不填。根据“The person doesn’t need to be…expert”可知，此处是泛指一位专家，expert以元音音素开头，所以用不定冠词an。故选B。 7．句意：他们总会在那里帮助你。 your你的；you你；yours你的（东西）；yourself你自己。根据“They are always there to help…”可知，help为及物动词，其后需接人称代词宾格作宾语。故选B。 8．句意：你和别人说得越多，你的烦恼就会越少。 fewer更少的；few少的；less更少的；little少的。根据“The more you talk to others, the…worries you will have”可知，本句为“the+比较级，the+比较级”结构，worries为可数名词复数，要用fewer修饰可数名词复数。故选A。 9．句意：或许过去你没有这样解决过问题。 on在……上；at在（时刻/地点）；in在……里面；with和。根据“Maybe you didn’t solve your problems like this…the past”可知，此处考查固定搭配in the past，表示“在过去”，用于一般过去时的时间状语。故选C。 10．句意：所以学完这篇文章后，当你有问题时，你打算去和别人交谈吗？ go去；went去；goes去；going将要。根据“…are you…to talk to others when you have problems after learning this passage”可知，此处考查固定结构be going to，表示“打算，将要做某事”。故选D。 B My father and I had a bit of trouble in our relationship. We used to have different opinions. My dad is one of the most hard-working men I know, but I was a dreamer. I became interested in 1 music as a kid. My father got excited and bought me 2 guitar when I was about eight. But I didn't like 3 until I was a teenager. Then I went to college. My father thought I should spend more time 4 my studies while I thought I should spend more time playing music. I dreamed of being a musician. 5 I grew into a young man, I was badly ill. I had a terrible kidney (肾) disease. I had to accept treatments (治疗) all my life or get a transplant (移植), or my body would become 6 than before. I felt like there 7 a heavy weight on my shoulders. Life became hard for me. 8 , my loving parents encouraged me and took care of me. While I was trying to decide what to do with my life, my father got tested and the doctor told us that he was the right man who could give me his kidney. He saved my life at last. Two years ago, I 9 up a band with my father. He had always expected 10 in a band, but never got the chance when he was young. It was a gift I could give him. 1．A．learn B．learned C．learning D．to learn 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．them B．they C．it D．its 4．A．by B．on C．in D．for 5．A．When B．If C．Although D．Because 6．A．worse B．worst C．bad D．badly 7．A．were B．was C．is D．are 8．A．Luck B．Lucky C．Luckily D．Unluckily 9．A．sets B．will set C．set D．am setting 10．A．to play B．play C．played D．playing 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者与父亲之间因观点差异而产生矛盾，但在作者身患重病时，父亲无私捐献肾脏挽救其生命，最终两人和解并共同组建乐队的故事。 1．句意：我小时候就对学习音乐产生了兴趣。 learn动词原形；learned过去式/过去分词；learning动名词/现在分词；to learn动词不定式。“be interested in doing sth.”表示“对做某事感兴趣”，其中“in”为介词，后接动名词作宾语。故选C。 2．句意：我父亲很兴奋，在我大约八岁时给我买了一把吉他。 a不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the定冠词，表示特指；/零冠词。空后“guitar”为可数名词单数，首次提及，表示泛指“一把吉他”，且“guitar”是以辅音音素开头的单词，需用不定冠词“a”。故选A。 3．句意：但直到我十几岁时才喜欢它。 them人称代词宾格，复数；they人称代词主格，复数；it人称代词主格/宾格，单数；its形容词性物主代词/名词性物主代词。上文提及“a guitar”表示“一把吉他”，为单数可数名词，下文再次指代时需用单数代词“it”作“like”的宾语。故选C。 4．句意：我父亲认为我应该多花时间在学习上，而我认为我应该多花时间演奏音乐。 by通过；on在……上；in在……里；for为了。“spend time on sth.”表示“在某事上花费时间”，“studies”表示“学习”，为名词，需用介词“on”连接。故选B。 5．句意：当我长成一个年轻人时，我得了重病。 When当……时，引导时间状语从句；If如果，引导条件状语从句；Although尽管，引导让步状语从句；Because因为，引导原因状语从句。根据“...I was badly ill.”可知，此处表示“当……时”，需用“When”引导时间状语从句。故选A。 6．句意：我必须终身接受治疗或进行移植，否则我的身体会比以前更糟。 worse更糟的，比较级；worst最糟的，最高级；bad糟糕的，形容词原级；badly糟糕地，副词原级。文中“than before”为比较级标志词，需用形容词比较级“worse”作表语，描述身体状况的变化。故选A。 7．句意：我感觉肩上像有千斤重担。 were主语为复数，are的过去式；was主语为单数，is/am的过去式；is用于一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数；are一般现在时；主语为复数。前文“felt”为过去式，主句时态为一般过去时，宾语从句需用相应过去时态；“a heavy weight”为单数表示“一个重担”，be动词用“was”。故选B。 8．句意：幸运的是，我慈爱的父母鼓励我并照顾我。 Luck名词，运气；Lucky形容词，幸运的；Luckily副词，幸运地；Unluckily副词，不幸地。空后为完整句子，需用副词修饰整个句子；根据“Life became hard for me.”和“my loving parents encouraged me and took care of me.”可知，从“生活变得艰难”到“父母鼓励照顾我”为积极转折。故选C。 9．句意：两年前，我和父亲组建了一支乐队。 sets一般现在时，第三人称单数；will set一般将来时；set原形或过去式；am setting现在进行时。文中“Two years ago”译为“两年前”，表示过去，谓语动词需用过去式。故选C。 10．句意：他一直期望在乐队里演奏，但年轻时从未有过机会。 to play动词不定式；play动词原形；played过去式/过去分词；playing动名词/现在分词。expect后接动词不定式作宾语，译为“期望做某事”。故选A。 六．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One evening, on my way home, I bumped into an old woman carrying a lot of things. Her things 1 (drop) everywhere. “Oh no, I’m so sorry.” I cried, hurrying to pick them up. She said, “Dear, it’s fine. You’re such a helpful girl.” Her kind 2 (word) warmed my heart. When I got home, my grandma started telling me 3 her garden again—how beautifully her roses were blooming (开花). I was busy 4 (text) friends, so I said, “Grandma, can you stop talking about flowers? I’m 5 (boring)!” She stopped talking, her eyes losing their brightness. I didn’t notice and kept communicating with my friends. That night, Mum sat by my bed. “You 6 (be) so kind to the stranger (陌生人), but to Grandma—you were cold. Did you see the sadness in her eyes? She planted those roses just for you because once you said you loved them. Look, she 7 (leave) a rose on your desk,” said Mum. 8 (tear) filled my eyes. I rushed to Grandma’s room and said, “Grandma, I’m sorry. Thank you for the roses!” She said, “Dear, they’re as lovely 9 you. I thought you’d like to hear about their beauty (美丽).” I hugged her tight (紧紧地抱住). “I love your roses, and I love listening to you,” I said. Grandma said, “I will always love you.” If we show kindness to strangers, we should treat the ones who love us 10 (good). Love needs patience (耐心), always. 【答案】1．dropped 2．words 3．about 4．texting 5．bored 6．were 7．left/has left 8．Tears 9．as 10．better 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，通过对比“我”对陌生人的善意与对奶奶的冷漠，以及后来的醒悟，揭示了我们应该以最大的耐心和关爱对待亲人，因为最珍贵的爱往往来自身边。 1．句意：她的东西掉得满地都是。根据前文“bumped into”“cried”等过去式可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，“drop”的过去式为“dropped”，故填dropped。 2．句意：她友善的话语温暖了我的心。根据“Dear, it’s fine. You’re such a helpful girl.”，可知“word”表示“话语”时常用复数形式，“word”的复数为“words”，故填words。 3．句意：当我到家时，奶奶又开始跟我讲她的花园——她的玫瑰开得多么漂亮。由“telling me”可知，“tell sb. about sth.”意为“告诉某人关于某事”，此处需填介词“about”，故填about。 4．句意：我正忙着给朋友发信息，所以我说：“奶奶，你能别再谈花了吗？我觉得无聊！”根据“was busy”可知，“be busy doing sth.”意为“忙于做某事”，此处需填“text”的动名词形式“texting”，故填texting。 5．句意：我正忙着给朋友发信息，所以我说：“奶奶，你能别再谈花了吗？我觉得无聊！”主语是“I”，此处需用形容词“bored”来修饰人，表示“感到无聊的”，故填bored。 6．句意：你对陌生人那么友善，可对奶奶——你却很冷淡。根据“but to Grandma—you were cold.”可知，此处用一般过去时描述过去的行为，主语是“You”，“be”动词的过去式为“were”，故填were。 7．句意：看，她在你桌上留了一朵玫瑰。根据“a rose on your desk”可知，此处描述过去的动作，“leave”的过去式为“left”；此处也可以表示过去动作对现在造成影响，用现在完成时，“leave”的过去分词为“left”，主语“she”为第三人称单数，用“has left”。故填left/has left。 8．句意：泪水充满了我的眼睛。“tear”为可数名词，此处用复数形式“tears”表示“泪水”，句首首字母大写，故填Tears。 9．句意：亲爱的，它们和你一样可爱。由“as lovely”可知，“as+形容词原级+as”表示“和……一样……”，此处需填连词“as”，故填as。 10．句意：如果我们对陌生人友善，就应该更好地对待爱我们的人。根据“we should treat the ones who love us”，可知此处需用副词修饰动词“treat”，“good”的副词形式为“well”，结合句意此处表示“更善待”，应用比较级“better”，故填better。 B 根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。 Our feelings influence almost every decision we make. Instead 1 living a boring life, positive feelings can help us a lot. The pity is that sometimes we become victims (受害者) of feelings. In one of my 2 (late) books, I compare people’s ability to the controls (控制键) on a media player. Just like the controls can help you enjoy wonderful songs, these methods will be 3 (choice) for you to manage feelings successfully. 1. Pause Take time to stop and think twice before you speak or act. Of course, you may feel sorry if you like doing something without 4 (think) twice—like sending 5 angry email or posting something bad on social media. If you feel your feelings getting out of control, pause. If possible, go for a short walk. Once you’ve calmed down, decide how you want to move forward. 2. Volume control (音量控制) Have you ever noticed that when 6 (speak) with someone, your style or tone is a mirror of the other person’s? If you stay calm or quiet, they’ll follow you. Shout or scream, and they’ll do just like you. If a 7 (discuss) starts to become worse, try to change it by softening your tone or lowering your voice. 3. Record If you want to learn more about another 8 (person) thoughts, recording, a way of careful listening, may help. You don’t need to reply at once. Instead, you’re listening to understand. Through listening 9 (careful), it can help you discover misunderstandings you don’t know. Don’t judge (评价) or offer advice 10 you know more about others and the topic. 【答案】1．of 2．latest 3．choices 4．thinking 5．an 6．speaking 7．discussion 8．person’s 9．carefully 10．before/until 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了积极情绪对人们的帮助，指出人们有时会受情绪影响，并以媒体播放器控制键作比，提出暂停、音量控制、记录三种帮助人们成功管理情绪的方法。 【详解】1．句意：与其过着无聊的生活，积极的情绪能给我们很多帮助。根据“positive feelings can help us a lot”可知，积极情绪有益，所以不是过无聊的生活，instead of“代替；而不是”，符合语境，故填of。 2．句意：在我的一本最新著作中，我将人们（管理情绪）的能力比作媒体播放器上的控制键。根据“In one of my...books”可知，此处需要形容词修饰名词，“late”的形容词形式“latest”表示“最新的”符合语境，故填latest。 3．句意：就像控制键能帮你欣赏美妙的歌曲一样，这些方法将是你成功管理情绪的选择。根据“Just like the controls can help you enjoy wonderful songs, these methods will be...for you to manage feelings successfully”可知，此处将管理情绪的方法与媒体播放器的控制键类比，指这些方法是管理情绪的可行方式。“be”后接名词作表语，“choice”是可数名词，结合“these methods”可知应用复数形式 “choices”，符合语境。故填choices。 4．句意：当然，如果你喜欢做事不三思而后行——比如发一封愤怒的邮件或者在社交媒体上发布不好的内容，你可能会感到后悔。根据“you may feel sorry if you like doing something without...”可知，介词后接动词-ing形式，动词“think”的-ing形式为“thinking”，故填thinking。 5．句意：当然，如果你喜欢做事不三思而后行——比如发一封愤怒的邮件或者在社交媒体上发布不好的内容，你可能会感到后悔。根据“...angry email or posting something bad on social media.”可知，此处表示“一封愤怒的邮件”，是可数名词单数，且“angry”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词“an”修饰，故填an。 6．句意：你有没有注意到，当和别人交谈时，你的说话风格或语气会受到对方的影响？根据“ Have you ever noticed that when...”可知，此处是when引导的时间状语从句，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句含有“be动词”，可省略主语和be动词，故填speaking。 7．句意：如果一场讨论开始变得激烈，试着通过缓和语气或降低音量来改变局面。根据“If a...starts to become worse”可知，此处需要可数名词单数，“discuss”的名词形式为“discussion”，故填discussion。 8．句意：如果你想更多地了解另一个人的想法，记录，一种认真倾听的方式可能会有帮助。根据“If you want to learn more about another...thoughts”可知，此处需要名词所有格修饰名词，“another person”表示“另一个人”，其所有格形式为“person’s”，故填person’s。 9．句意：通过认真倾听，这能帮助你发现你不知道的误解。根据“Through listening...”可知，此处需要副词修饰动词，“careful”的副词形式为“carefully”，故填carefully。   10．句意：在你更了解他人和相关话题之前，不要急于评价或提供建议。根据“Don’t judge (评价) or offer advice”和“you know more about others and the topic”可知，两句存在时间先后关系，即“在了解之前不评价”，“before”表示“在……之前”，符合语境；此题也可用until，“Don’t do sth. until...” 是英语中常用的句式，意为 “直到……才做某事”，“until” 在此处引导时间状语从句，且符合 “先否定动作，后给出动作发生的条件” 的语境。故填before/until。 C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A little girl walked to and from school. In order to be the 1 (early) student in the class, she got up early every day. One day, though it was dark and cloudy, the little girl made her daily trip to school as usual. But when school was over, the wind became stronger than it was in the morning and it began to rain. The little girl’s mother felt worried. She thought 2 (she) daughter might be scared when she walked home from school. After seeing a bright flash of lightning, the mother 3 (quick), got into her car and drove to her child’s school. As the mother drove along the road, she saw her little girl walking alone in the rain. 4 her surprise, she found that every time lightning struck (划过), her daughter would stop, look up and smile. Another flash of lightning came and then another. With each flash of lightning, the little girl stopped, looked up 5 smiled. Inside the car, the mother wanted 6 (know) the reason. Therefore (因此), she asked her daughter, “What were you 7 (do)? Why did you look up and smile when the lightning struck? That was a dangerous act.” The little girl answered with 8 big smile, “Mom, you know, I have never 9 (see) lightning before. So when I saw the bright flash, I thought someone in the sky was taking 10 (photo) of me. Each time I felt a bit scared, I looked up and smiled for the camera. I knew the man in the sky was playing a game with me.” 【答案】1．earliest 2．her 3．quickly 4．To 5．and 6．to know 7．doing 8．a 9．seen 10．photos 【导语】本文讲述了一个小女孩每天步行上下学。一天放学时风雨交加，妈妈担心她害怕便开车去学校接她。妈妈发现小女孩在雨中每次闪电划过都会停下、抬头、微笑。询问后得知，小女孩因为从未见过闪电，以为是天空中的人在给她拍照，所以每次都对着“相机”微笑。 【详解】1．句意：为了成为班里最早到的学生，她每天都很早起床。根据“in the class”可知，是在班级这个范围内进行比较，要用early的最高级earliest，故填earliest。 2．句意：她觉得她女儿从学校走回家的时候可能会害怕。“daughter”是名词，前面要用形容词性物主代词修饰，she的形容词性物主代词是her，故填her。 3．句意：看到一道明亮的闪电后，妈妈迅速上了车，开车前往孩子的学校。根据“got into her car”可知，这里需要一个副词来修饰动词“got”，quick的副词形式是quickly，故填quickly。 4．句意：令她惊讶的是，她发现每次闪电划过，她的女儿都会停下来，抬起头微笑。“to one’s surprise”是固定短语，表示“令某人惊讶的是”，首字母大写，故填To。 5．句意：每一道闪电闪过，小女孩都会停下来，抬起头然后微笑。“looked up”和“smiled”是并列的动作，此处用连词and连接，故填and。 6．句意：在车里，妈妈想知道原因。“want to do sth.”是固定用法，表示“想要做某事”，此处需填动词不定式“to know”，故填to know。 7．句意：你刚才在做什么？根据“were”和语境可知，这是过去进行时态的特殊疑问句，结构是“特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其他”，故填doing。 8．句意：小女孩微笑着回答。“with a big smile”表示“带着大大的微笑”，是固定搭配，故填a。 9．句意：妈妈，你知道，我以前从未见过闪电。根据“have never”可知，这是现在完成时的句子，结构是 “have/has+过去分词”，see的过去分词是seen，故填seen。 10．句意：所以当我看到明亮的闪光时，我以为天空中有某个人在给我拍照。“take photos of sb.” 是固定短语，表示“给某人拍照”，故填photos。 七．选词填空 A 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文顺畅、意思完整。每词限用一次。 around  stranger  method  comfortable  focus  change  spread  and  improve  so Do you want to live a happier life? Try laughing for no reason. That’s how millions of people start their day at Laughter Yoga (瑜伽) Clubs 1 the world, and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best 2 to stay fit. Dr. Madan Kataria started the first Laughter Yoga Club in Mumbai, India, in 1995. “Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 3 15 times a day,” said Dr Kataria. “Everyone’s naturally good at laughing. We want people 4 on the happiness of laughing.” A five-year study in California shows that laughter can 5 our health. So, what is Laughter Yoga? I went to my nearest Laughter Yoga Club to find out. I was quite uncomfortable at first, because I thought laughing with a group of 6 could make me look silly. Our laughter teacher told us to clap (拍) our hands and say, “ho ho ho, ha ha ha.” He said our bodies couldn’t tell the difference between fake (假的) laughter and real laughter, 7 they both worked. Ten minutes later, laughing for real 8 to every corner of the room. At the end of the class, I was surprised by how relaxed and 9 I felt. As Dr. Kataria said, “When you laugh, you change, and when you change, the world 10 around you.” So if you’re under stress, just start laughing. 【答案】1．around 2．methods 3．and 4．to focus 5．improve 6．strangers 7．so 8．spread 9．comfortable 10．changes 【导语】本文主要讲述了欢笑瑜伽俱乐部的起源、欢笑对健康的益处，以及作者参与欢笑瑜伽的体验，传递出欢笑可改善状态、缓解压力的观点。 【详解】1．句意：那就是全世界数百万人在欢笑瑜伽俱乐部开启一天的方式，并且许多医生现在认为开怀大笑可能是保持健康的最佳方法之一。around the world“全世界”，固定短语。故填around。 2．句意：那就是全世界数百万人在欢笑瑜伽俱乐部开启一天的方式，并且许多医生现在认为开怀大笑可能是保持健康的最佳方法之一。根据“having a good laugh might be one of the best ... to stay fit.”及备选词可知，是指开怀大笑是保持健康的方法之一，method“方法”，one of后跟名词复数。故填methods。 3．句意：成年人每天笑7到15次。between ... and是固定搭配，表示“在……之间”。故填and。 4．句意：我们想要人们专注于笑的快乐。根据“on the happiness of laughing”及备选词可知，是指专注于笑的快乐，focus on“专注于”，want sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”。故填to focus。 5．句意：加利福尼亚一项为期五年的研究表明，欢笑能改善我们的健康。根据“laughter can ... our health.”可知，是指笑能改善我们的健康，can后跟动词原形improve“改善”。故填improve。 6．句意：一开始我很不舒服，因为我觉得和一群陌生人一起笑会让我看起来很傻。根据“laughing with a group of”及备选词可知，是指和一群陌生人，用名词复数strangers“陌生人”。故填strangers。 7．句意：他说我们的身体无法区分假笑和真笑，所以两者都有效。空前后句是因果关系，空后是结果，用so连接。故填so。 8．句意：十分钟后，真正的笑声传遍了房间的每个角落。根据“laughing for real ... to every corner of the room.”及备选词可知，是指笑声传遍了每个角落，spread“传播”，此处是描述过去的事情，时态用一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填spread。 9．句意：课程结束时，我惊讶于自己感觉如此放松和舒适。根据“how relaxed and ... I felt.”可知，是指感到放松和舒适，用形容词comfortable“舒适的”，作表语。故填comfortable。 10．句意：当你欢笑时，你会改变；当你改变时，你周围的世界也会改变。根据“when you change, the world ... around you”及备选词可知，是指当你改变时，你周围的世界也会改变，change“改变”，时态是一般现在时，主语是the world，动词用第三人称单数。故填changes。 B 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 about  family  confidence  large  pay  hard  care  spend  student  we Many people are always feeling sad. They always think they are inferior (比不上……的) to others. For example, in daily life, some 1 don’t believe in themselves, just because they often fail school’s exams though they work 2 . Besides, some adults are not 3 because they seldom satisfy (使满意) their bosses—no matter how hard they try to finish their tasks. But weaknesses (缺点) are just a small part of our life. Why not spend some time 4 about other parts? What should we do? We should pay attention to strong points instead of weaknesses. After all, weaknesses shouldn’t take up a 5 part of our life. We should learn to find our advantages (优点). We have something valuable that others don’t have, such as a happy 6 , good friends. When we feel sad, we should 7 some time thinking about what we have done well. Then we will find we are better than we imagined before. In a word, we will change a lot if we can find 8 advantages. Worrying 9 our weaknesses will just make us unhappy. However, 10 attention to our advantages will fill us with a lot of energy. 【答案】1．students 2．hard 3．confident 4．caring 5．large 6．family 7．spend 8．our 9．about 10．paying 【导语】本文主要讲述了人们应关注自身优点而非缺点，以建立自信、积极生活的道理。 【详解】1．句意：例如，在日常生活中，一些学生不相信自己，只是因为他们尽管努力学习，却经常在学校考试中不及格。根据“fail school’s exams”可知，此处指学生，student是可数名词，some后用复数形式。故填students。 2．句意：例如，在日常生活中，一些学生不相信自己，只是因为他们尽管努力学习，却经常在学校考试中不及格。根据“work...”及固定搭配“work hard”可知，此处填hard。故填hard。 3．句意：此外，一些成年人缺乏自信，因为无论他们多么努力地完成任务，都很少能让老板满意。根据“don’t believe in themselves”及所给词可知，此处指“自信”，应用confident作表语。故填confident。 4．句意：为什么不花些时间关注其他方面呢？根据“spend time...about other parts”及固定用法“spend time doing sth.”和短语“care about”可知，此处填caring。故填caring。 5．句意：毕竟，缺点不应该在我们的生活中占很大一部分。根据“part”及“a...part”可知，此处需填形容词large修饰名词，a large part意为 “一大部分”。故填large。 6．句意：我们有别人没有的宝贵东西，比如幸福的家庭、好朋友。根据“happy”及所给词可知，此处指“家庭”，family用单数形式即可。故填family。 7．句意：当我们感到悲伤时，我们应该花些时间想想自己做得好的地方。根据“... time thinking about”及固定用法“spend time doing sth.”可知，此处填spend。故填spend。 8．句意：总之，如果我们能发现自己的优点，我们会改变很多。根据“advantages”及所给词可知，此处需填形容词性物主代词our，意为 “我们的”。故填our。 9．句意：担心我们的缺点只会让我们不开心。根据“Worrying...our weaknesses”及固定搭配“worry about”可知，此处填about。故填about。 10．句意：然而，关注我们的优点会让我们充满能量。根据“...attention to our advantages”及固定搭配“pay attention to”，此处作主语用动名词形式。故填paying。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第08讲 Unit 4 Changing and Growing （语法、写作知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 语法1 后缀 -less/-ful 构成形容词 语法2 过去进行时 学习重点 单元写作以“Changing and Growing”为话题，属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“成长与蜕变”这一主题群。单元核心聚焦“成长中的变化、成长烦恼与应对方法、自我认知与接纳”， 考点一 语法精讲 形容词后缀：-less 与 -ful 核心定义：-less 和 -ful 是一对反义后缀，均加在名词后构成形容词，-ful 表“充满……的、具有……性质的”（积极含义），-less 表“无……的、不……的”（消极含义），是八年级高频构词考点。 后缀 核心含义 适用词类 构词规则 高频例词（含课文词汇） 反义词对应 -ful 1. 充满……的； 2. 具有……性质的；3. 能……的 名词（少数动词） 1. 直接加在名词后，无需改变名词拼写；2. 部分以y结尾的名词，保留y；3. 部分以e结尾的名词，保留e care（关心）→ careful（仔细的）； help（帮助）→ helpful（有帮助的）； joy（喜悦）→ joyful（快乐的）； success（成功）→ successful（成功的）； wonder（奇迹）→ wonderful（精彩的）； beauty（美丽）→ beautiful（美丽的）； hope（希望）→ hopeful（有希望的）； peace（和平）→ peaceful（和平的）； use（用处）→ useful（有用的）； meaning（意义）→ meaningful（有意义的） 对应 -less 后缀形容词，如：careful ↔ careless；helpful ↔ helpless； hopeful ↔ hopeless； useful ↔ useless；meaningful ↔ meaningless -less 1. 无……的；2. 不……的；3. 没有……能力的 名词（少数动词） 1. 直接加在名词后，无需改变名词拼写；2. 部分以y结尾的名词，保留y；3. 部分以e结尾的名词，保留e hope（希望）→ hopeless（无望的）； home（家）→ homeless（无家可归的）； use（用处）→ useless（无用的）； harm（伤害）→ harmless（无害的）； care（关心）→ careless（粗心的）； help（帮助）→ helpless（无助的）； pain（痛苦）→ painless（无痛的）； end（尽头）→ endless（无尽的）； fear（恐惧）→ fearless（无畏的）； meaning（意义）→ meaningless（无意义的） 对应 -ful 后缀形容词，如：careless ↔ careful；helpless ↔ helpful；hopeless ↔ hopeful；useless ↔ useful；meaningless ↔ meaningful 【即练1】 -less 与 -ful 填空 1.The story is very ________ (wonder). We all enjoyed it very much. 2.It’s ________ (use) to talk to him. He never listens to others’ advice. 3.She is a ________ (help) girl. She always helps her classmates with their homework. 4.The old man feels ________ (home) because his children are working in other cities. 5.The ________ (joy) news made all of us very excited. 6.He is very ________ (care) when he drives. He never has accidents. 7.It’s ________ (hope) to save the sick dog. It is dying. 8.This knife is very ________ (harm). It can cut your fingers easily. 9.The movie is very ________ (meaning). It teaches us a lot of life lessons. 10.She is ________ (care) with her school things. She often loses her pens and books. 11.The park is very ________ (peace) in the morning. There are few people there. 12.This machine is ________ (use). It can help us finish the work quickly. 13.He feels ________ (help) because he can’t solve the problem by himself. 14.The ________ (beauty) scenery attracted a lot of tourists. 15.It’s ________ (end) to do the same work every day. I feel very bored. 16.She is ________ (thank) for your help. You saved her life. 17.The operation was ________ (pain). He didn’t feel any pain at all. 18.He is ________ (fear) of nothing. He is very brave. 19.The plan is very ________ (success). We finished the work on time. 20.This book is ________ (meaning). It’s not worth reading. 21.The little girl is very ________ (hope) about her future. She wants to be a doctor. 22.It’s ________ (care) to leave the door open. Someone may break into the house. 23.The teacher is very ________ (help) to his students. He always answers their questions. 24.The ________ (color) flowers make the garden very beautiful. 25.He is ________ (home) and has to live on the street. 26.The music is very ________ (wonder). It makes me feel relaxed. 27.This tool is ________ (use). We can throw it away. 28.She is very ________ (care) with her money. She never wastes it. 29.It’s ________ (hope) that we will win the game. We are much stronger than the other team. 30.The ________ (harm) animal won’t hurt you. You can touch it. 过去进行时 一、过去进行时的用法和基本结构 定义与 构成 1. 定义：表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。 2. 结构： was/were + 现在分词 (v-ing) 3. 标志词： then, at this/that time yesterday, at ... last night 等。 I was travelling on the train then. 那时我正坐火车旅行。(教材原文) We were not shopping at this time yesterday. 昨天这个时候我们没在购物。 🌟 延伸： 过去进行时还常用于铺叙故事情节的背景。 A fire was burning and a cat was sleeping... A girl was playing the piano... 二、句式变化 肯定句 主语 + was/were + 现在分词 + 其他. 否定句 主语 + was/were + not + 现在分词 + 其他. 一般疑问句 Was/Were + 主语 + 现在分词 + 其他? Yes, 主语 + was/were. No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't. 三、过去进行时 vs 一般过去时 现在分词的变化规律： 区别 辨析 过去进行时 强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行的过程，未必定完成。 He was doing his homework... 他一直在做作业。(强调过程) It was raining all night. 下了一夜雨。(侧重持续时长) 一般过去时 表示过去发生的事实或完成的动作。 He did his homework... 他把作业做完了。(强调完成) It rained last night. 昨夜里下过雨。(强调事实) 口诀 情况 变化规则 直 一般情况 直接加 -ing 去 以不发音字母 e 结尾 去 e 加 -ing 双 重读闭音节结尾，且末尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾辅音字母再加 -ing 改 以 ie 结尾 改 ie 为 y 再加 -ing 四、when 和 while 与过去进行时搭配 搭配 规则 主句时态 连词 从句时态 一般过去时 / 过去进行时 when 一般过去时 一般过去时 / 过去进行时 while 过去进行时 When my neighbour called, my family were having dinner. 当邻居打电话来时(瞬间)，我们一家人正在吃晚饭(进行)。 While I was waiting at the bus stop, three buses went by... 当我在车站等车时(持续)，三辆公车开过去了(事实)。 People were asking... while some were starting... 人们互相询问(进行)...与此时，一些人正开始(进行)... 注意：通常不用进行时的动词 心理情感： love, hate, like, know 等。 连系动词： seem, appear 等。 感官动词： see, hear, smell, feel, taste 等。 【即练2】 一．用所给词的适当形式填空（过去进行时） 1.I ________ (watch) TV when my mother came back last night. 2.What ________ they ________ (do) at 4 yesterday afternoon? 3.She ________ (not read) a book at that time. She ________ (draw) a picture. 4.My brother ________ (play) football with his friends when it began to rain. 5.— ________ you ________ (study) English at 7 last night? — Yes, I was. 6.They ________ (have) a meeting at 10 yesterday morning. 7.Tom ________ (play) the piano when his father called him. 8.What ________ you ________ (do) at this time yesterday? 9.She ________ (not sleep) when I visited her. 10.We ________ (play) basketball from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon. 11.He ________ (read) a newspaper at 8 o’clock last Sunday morning. 12.When the teacher came in, the students ________ (talk) loudly. 13.While she ________ (sing), her brother ________ (play) computer games. 14.They ________ (not have) a picnic yesterday afternoon. They ________ (go) shopping. 15.What ________ she ________ (write) at 7 p.m. yesterday? 16.We ________ (watch) a movie when the light went out. 17.— ________ they ________ (swim) in the pool at that moment? — No, they weren’t. 18.She ________ (cook) dinner when her husband came home. 19.While we ________ (walk) in the park, it began to rain heavily. 20.He ________ (not play) the guitar at this time last night. He ________ (listen) to music. 21.What ________ your parents ________ (do) when you got home yesterday? 22.They ________ (plant) trees from 9 to 11 yesterday morning. 23.She ________ (dance) at the party when I saw her. 24.While he ________ (read) a book, the phone ________ (ring). 25.We ________ (not do) our homework at 8 last night. We ________ (watch) TV. 二．句型转换（含否定句、一般疑问句、对划线部分提问） 1.They were having a meeting at 10 yesterday morning.（改为否定句） 2.Tom was playing the piano when his father called him.（改为否定句） 3.She was reading a book at 8 last night.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答） 4.We were playing basketball from 2 to 4 yesterday afternoon.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答） 5.He was watching TV when his mother came back.（对划线部分提问，划线：watching TV） 6.They were having a meeting at 10 yesterday morning.（对划线部分提问，划线：at 10 yesterday morning） 7.She was reading a book in the library at this time yesterday.（对划线部分提问，划线：in the library） 8.We were playing basketball with our friends yesterday afternoon.（对划线部分提问，划线：with our friends） 9.Tom was playing the piano when his father called him.（对划线部分提问，划线：Tom） 10.They were planting trees from 9 to 11 yesterday morning.（对划线部分提问，划线：planting trees） 11.She was cooking dinner when her husband came home.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） 12.He was listening to music at this time last night.（改为否定句） 13.We were walking in the park when it began to rain.（对划线部分提问，划线：when it began to rain） 14.They were not having a picnic yesterday afternoon.（改为肯定句） 15.What were you doing at 7 p.m. yesterday?（根据实际情况回答，示例：I was doing my homework.） 考点二 写作精讲 本单元以“Changing and Growing”为话题，属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“成长与蜕变”这一主题群。单元核心聚焦“成长中的变化、成长烦恼与应对方法、自我认知与接纳”，常见写作角度包括： 1.分享成长中的关键变化与感悟； 2.描述成长中遇到的烦恼及解决过程； 3.讲述接纳自我、突破自我的成长故事。 好词佳句 词汇亮点：unforgettable（难忘的）、encourage（鼓励）、balance（平衡）、the key to growing up（成长的关键）。 佳句：This experience taught me that nothing is impossible if I don’t give up. 短语：give up、keep trying、face difficulties、the key to... 谚语 1.Experience is the best teacher.（经验是最好的老师。） 2.Failure is the mother of success.（失败是成功之母。） 写作题目 在成长过程中，你一定经历过让自己成长的事情。请根据提示写一篇英语短文，讲述你的一个成长故事，说说事情的经过和你从中得到的收获。（80-100词） 提示：1. 故事的时间和事件；2. 事情的经过；3. 你的收获和感悟。 写作模板 第一段：引出成长故事 I have many stories in my growth, but the story of learning to ride a bike is the most unforgettable one for me. It happened when I was twelve years old. 第二段：讲述事情的经过 At first, I fell down many times and wanted to give up. But my dad encouraged me to keep trying and taught me how to keep balance. After a week of practice, I finally could ride the bike by myself. 第三段：分享收获和感悟 This experience taught me that nothing is impossible if I don’t give up. Now I know that facing difficulties bravely is the key to growing up. 范文 I have many stories in my growth, but the story of learning to ride a bike is the most unforgettable one for me. It happened when I was twelve years old. At first, I fell down many times and wanted to give up. But my dad encouraged me to keep trying and taught me how to keep balance. After a week of practice, I finally could ride the bike by myself. This experience taught me that nothing is impossible if I don’t give up. Now I know that facing difficulties bravely is the key to growing up. 在我的成长过程中有很多故事，但学骑自行车的故事是我最难忘的一个。这件事发生在我十二岁的时候。 一开始，我摔了很多次，想要放弃。但爸爸鼓励我继续尝试，还教我怎么保持平衡。经过一周的练习，我终于能自己骑自行车了。 这次经历让我明白，只要不放弃，没有什么是不可能的。现在我知道，勇敢面对困难是成长的关键。 一．单句语法填空 1．All the fans were ________ (disappoint) because the singer didn’t appear on the stage. 2．You’d better not sit in front of the computer for too long without ________ (move). 3．Nothing can prevent us from ________ (move) forward. 4．He was so ________ that he left his notebook in the library. (care) 5．When I appeared before him, he looked ________. (surprise) 二．用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空 1．While we ________(sing) an English song，some visitors came to our class. 2．I am sorry I didn't answer your phone because I ________(play) the piano at that time. 3．—Why didn't you pick up my phone at seven o'clock last night? —I ________(do) the dishes in the kitchen at that time so I didn't hear it. 4．At 4 o'clock yesterday afternoon，my father ________(wait) for me outside the school gate. 5．Tim ________(watch) Touching China on CCTV with his family from 8：00 to 9：00 last Saturday evening. 三．按要求完成句子 1．The boy was reading.The rainstorm came.(合并为一句) The boy was reading ________ the rainstorm came. 2．He was__swimming at nine o'clock last Sunday morning.(就画线部分提问) ________ ________ he ________ at nine o'clock last Sunday morning? 3．The woman was shopping when she saw a car accident.(改为一般疑问句) ________ the woman ________ when she saw a car accident? 4．We were__talking__loudly when the teacher came in.(就画线部分提问) ________ ________ you ________ when the teacher came in? 5．He cleaned the blackboard yesterday.(用at this time yesterday改写句子) He ________ ________ the blackboard at this time yesterday. 四．短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或填入括号内单词的正确形式。 Last summer，I spent two weeks in my grand－parents' house.One afternoon，at about 2 p．m.，the sky 1.________(begin) to darken slowly.My grandma was cooking dinner in the kitchen，and my grandpa 2.________(read) a newspaper in the living room.I 3.________(draw) pictures by the window.Suddenly，strong winds started blowing.The trees outside were swaying wildly，and their leaves 4.________(dance) in the air.My grandma shouted，“A storm is coming！” I quickly 5.________(run) to help her close the windows.Just then，heavy rain began to pour down.The lake water 6.________(rise).I could hear the rain hitting the roof.My grandparents and I all stayed in the living room，talking about the storm. The storm lasted for about an hour.7.________ it stopped，the sun came out again.I went outside and saw broken branches on the ground，but the air smelled fresh.At about 3：30 p．m.，my grandma 8.________(make) tea，and my grandpa 9.________(check) the garden.I realized that even though storms can be scary，staying with family makes everything feel safer. 五．语法选择 A 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 What do you do when you have trouble? Do you often have 1 to do with? When facing problems and worries, some people believe the 2 thing is to do nothing. Because if we run away from them, we 3 more problems. Then how to deal with our problems? It is useful 4 someone you trust to talk to. Don’t keep your worries to yourself. 5 we talk to others, we’ll certainly (无疑地) become less worried. The person doesn’t need to be 6 expert. Your friends or parents will be OK. They are always there to help 7 . We often say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half. The more you talk to others, the 8 worries you will have. Maybe you didn’t solve your problems like this 9 the past. But now, just remember: unless we talk to someone, we’ll feel worse. So are you 10 to talk to others when you have problems after learning this passage? 1．A．anything difficult B．difficult anything C．nothing difficult D．difficult nothing 2．A．bad B．worse C．worst D．badly 3．A．have B．has C．had D．will have 4．A．to pass B．pass C．to find D．find 5．A．Though B．Until C．But D．If 6．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 7．A．your B．you C．yours D．yourself 8．A．fewer B．few C．less D．little 9．A．on B．at C．in D．with 10．A．go B．went C．goes D．going B My father and I had a bit of trouble in our relationship. We used to have different opinions. My dad is one of the most hard-working men I know, but I was a dreamer. I became interested in 1 music as a kid. My father got excited and bought me 2 guitar when I was about eight. But I didn't like 3 until I was a teenager. Then I went to college. My father thought I should spend more time 4 my studies while I thought I should spend more time playing music. I dreamed of being a musician. 5 I grew into a young man, I was badly ill. I had a terrible kidney (肾) disease. I had to accept treatments (治疗) all my life or get a transplant (移植), or my body would become 6 than before. I felt like there 7 a heavy weight on my shoulders. Life became hard for me. 8 , my loving parents encouraged me and took care of me. While I was trying to decide what to do with my life, my father got tested and the doctor told us that he was the right man who could give me his kidney. He saved my life at last. Two years ago, I 9 up a band with my father. He had always expected 10 in a band, but never got the chance when he was young. It was a gift I could give him. 1．A．learn B．learned C．learning D．to learn 2．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 3．A．them B．they C．it D．its 4．A．by B．on C．in D．for 5．A．When B．If C．Although D．Because 6．A．worse B．worst C．bad D．badly 7．A．were B．was C．is D．are 8．A．Luck B．Lucky C．Luckily D．Unluckily 9．A．sets B．will set C．set D．am setting 10．A．to play B．play C．played D．playing 六．语法填空 A 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One evening, on my way home, I bumped into an old woman carrying a lot of things. Her things 1 (drop) everywhere. “Oh no, I’m so sorry.” I cried, hurrying to pick them up. She said, “Dear, it’s fine. You’re such a helpful girl.” Her kind 2 (word) warmed my heart. When I got home, my grandma started telling me 3 her garden again—how beautifully her roses were blooming (开花). I was busy 4 (text) friends, so I said, “Grandma, can you stop talking about flowers? I’m 5 (boring)!” She stopped talking, her eyes losing their brightness. I didn’t notice and kept communicating with my friends. That night, Mum sat by my bed. “You 6 (be) so kind to the stranger (陌生人), but to Grandma—you were cold. Did you see the sadness in her eyes? She planted those roses just for you because once you said you loved them. Look, she 7 (leave) a rose on your desk,” said Mum. 8 (tear) filled my eyes. I rushed to Grandma’s room and said, “Grandma, I’m sorry. Thank you for the roses!” She said, “Dear, they’re as lovely 9 you. I thought you’d like to hear about their beauty (美丽).” I hugged her tight (紧紧地抱住). “I love your roses, and I love listening to you,” I said. Grandma said, “I will always love you.” If we show kindness to strangers, we should treat the ones who love us 10 (good). Love needs patience (耐心), always. B 根据内容填写所缺单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空，使语篇意思完整。 Our feelings influence almost every decision we make. Instead 1 living a boring life, positive feelings can help us a lot. The pity is that sometimes we become victims (受害者) of feelings. In one of my 2 (late) books, I compare people’s ability to the controls (控制键) on a media player. Just like the controls can help you enjoy wonderful songs, these methods will be 3 (choice) for you to manage feelings successfully. 1. Pause Take time to stop and think twice before you speak or act. Of course, you may feel sorry if you like doing something without 4 (think) twice—like sending 5 angry email or posting something bad on social media. If you feel your feelings getting out of control, pause. If possible, go for a short walk. Once you’ve calmed down, decide how you want to move forward. 2. Volume control (音量控制) Have you ever noticed that when 6 (speak) with someone, your style or tone is a mirror of the other person’s? If you stay calm or quiet, they’ll follow you. Shout or scream, and they’ll do just like you. If a 7 (discuss) starts to become worse, try to change it by softening your tone or lowering your voice. 3. Record If you want to learn more about another 8 (person) thoughts, recording, a way of careful listening, may help. You don’t need to reply at once. Instead, you’re listening to understand. Through listening 9 (careful), it can help you discover misunderstandings you don’t know. Don’t judge (评价) or offer advice 10 you know more about others and the topic. C 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A little girl walked to and from school. In order to be the 1 (early) student in the class, she got up early every day. One day, though it was dark and cloudy, the little girl made her daily trip to school as usual. But when school was over, the wind became stronger than it was in the morning and it began to rain. The little girl’s mother felt worried. She thought 2 (she) daughter might be scared when she walked home from school. After seeing a bright flash of lightning, the mother 3 (quick), got into her car and drove to her child’s school. As the mother drove along the road, she saw her little girl walking alone in the rain. 4 her surprise, she found that every time lightning struck (划过), her daughter would stop, look up and smile. Another flash of lightning came and then another. With each flash of lightning, the little girl stopped, looked up 5 smiled. Inside the car, the mother wanted 6 (know) the reason. Therefore (因此), she asked her daughter, “What were you 7 (do)? Why did you look up and smile when the lightning struck? That was a dangerous act.” The little girl answered with 8 big smile, “Mom, you know, I have never 9 (see) lightning before. So when I saw the bright flash, I thought someone in the sky was taking 10 (photo) of me. Each time I felt a bit scared, I looked up and smiled for the camera. I knew the man in the sky was playing a game with me.” 七．选词填空 A 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文顺畅、意思完整。每词限用一次。 around  stranger  method  comfortable  focus  change  spread  and  improve  so Do you want to live a happier life? Try laughing for no reason. That’s how millions of people start their day at Laughter Yoga (瑜伽) Clubs 1 the world, and many doctors now think that having a good laugh might be one of the best 2 to stay fit. Dr. Madan Kataria started the first Laughter Yoga Club in Mumbai, India, in 1995. “Young children laugh about 300 times a day. Adults laugh between 7 3 15 times a day,” said Dr Kataria. “Everyone’s naturally good at laughing. We want people 4 on the happiness of laughing.” A five-year study in California shows that laughter can 5 our health. So, what is Laughter Yoga? I went to my nearest Laughter Yoga Club to find out. I was quite uncomfortable at first, because I thought laughing with a group of 6 could make me look silly. Our laughter teacher told us to clap (拍) our hands and say, “ho ho ho, ha ha ha.” He said our bodies couldn’t tell the difference between fake (假的) laughter and real laughter, 7 they both worked. Ten minutes later, laughing for real 8 to every corner of the room. At the end of the class, I was surprised by how relaxed and 9 I felt. As Dr. Kataria said, “When you laugh, you change, and when you change, the world 10 around you.” So if you’re under stress, just start laughing. B 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。 about  family  confidence  large  pay  hard  care  spend  student  we Many people are always feeling sad. They always think they are inferior (比不上……的) to others. For example, in daily life, some 1 don’t believe in themselves, just because they often fail school’s exams though they work 2 . Besides, some adults are not 3 because they seldom satisfy (使满意) their bosses—no matter how hard they try to finish their tasks. But weaknesses (缺点) are just a small part of our life. Why not spend some time 4 about other parts? What should we do? We should pay attention to strong points instead of weaknesses. After all, weaknesses shouldn’t take up a 5 part of our life. We should learn to find our advantages (优点). We have something valuable that others don’t have, such as a happy 6 , good friends. When we feel sad, we should 7 some time thinking about what we have done well. Then we will find we are better than we imagined before. In a word, we will change a lot if we can find 8 advantages. Worrying 9 our weaknesses will just make us unhappy. However, 10 attention to our advantages will fill us with a lot of energy. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $