译林版新版八年级下册英语Unit 7 Charities 知识清单（背诵版+默写版）

该初中英语八年级下册第七单元“Charities”知识清单系统整合了慈善主题相关内容，涵盖核心词汇（含词形变换）、重点词组（分类呈现）、语法精讲（被动语态）、写作指导（报告类）及知识概览，搭建从词汇积累到语法应用再到写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过主题分类（如医疗、慈善词汇）、情境化例句及易错点提醒（如感官动词主动表被动）构建知识体系，设计“词形变换表”“语法练习答案”“写作模板”等实用工具，培养学生语言能力与思维品质，不同基础学生可高效自主复习，教师能据此优化教学环节，提升课堂实效。

Unit 7 Charities 知识清单背诵版 Unit 7 Charities 八年级下册 第七单元 知识清单背诵版 核心词汇 | 重点词组 | 语法精讲 语法练习 | 写作指导 | 知识概览 第一部分 核心词汇 本单元围绕"慈善机构与帮助他人"这一主题，学习与国际慈善组织、医疗救助、志愿服务等相关的词汇。 单词 音标 词性/词义 例句 medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 医疗的 Many patients cannot afford medical treatment. 许多患者无法负担医疗费用。 interviewer /ˈɪntəvjuːə(r)/ n. 采访者 The interviewer asked Dr Ma about his work. 采访者询问马医生的工作情况。 billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿 Over one billion people suffer from eye problems.超过十亿人患有眼部疾病。 cure /kjʊə(r)/ vt. 治好；治愈 n. 药物，疗法 Most eye problems can be prevented or cured. 大多数眼部问题可以预防或治愈。 treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗 Many people don't have money for medical treatment.许多人没有钱接受治疗。 aim /eɪm/ n. 目的，目标 vt.&vi. 力争做到 Orbis was started with the aim of helping patients.奥比斯的创立旨在帮助患者。 patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ n. 病人 During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on.在我上一次出诊期间，150名患者接受了手术。 afford /əˈfɔːd/ vt. 买得起，能做 Many patients can't afford to go to hospital. 许多患者看不起病。 benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ vi. 得益于 n. 益处，成效 We hope more people will benefit from this. 我们希望更多人能从中受益。 session /ˈseʃn/ n. 一场 More than 50,000 eye care training sessions were completed.超过五万场眼保健培训得以完成。 operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ vi. 动手术 Volunteer doctors operate on patients on the plane.志愿医生在飞机上为患者做手术。 treat /triːt/ v. 医治；对待 Most eye problems can be treated and cured. 大多数眼部问题可以治疗和治愈。 interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ n. 采访；面试 Amy found an interview with an Orbis doctor. 艾米找到了一篇对奥比斯医生的采访。 grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的 I am forever grateful to everyone at Orbis. 我将永远感激奥比斯的每一个人。 darkness /ˈdɑːknəs/ n. 黑暗 Before the operation, I lived in the darkness. 手术前，我生活在黑暗中。 blind /blaɪnd/ vt. 使失明 A young boy was blinded in a car accident. 一个小男孩在车祸中失明了。 addition /əˈdɪʃn/ n. 增加；增加物 In addition, many people are trained to become teachers.此外，许多人接受了培训成为教师。 directly /dəˈrektli/ adv. 直接地 Orbis helps patients directly and indirectly.奥比斯直接和间接地帮助患者。 progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 进步，进展 Great progress has been made in eye care.眼部保健取得了巨大进步。 virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒 During the fast spread of a virus, UNICEF protects children.病毒快速传播期间，联合国儿童基金会保护儿童。 war /wɔː(r)/ n. 战争 It is hard for children to live in peace because of wars.由于战争，孩子们难以过上平静的生活。 influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ adj. 有影响力的 It is one of the oldest and most influential charities in China.它是中国历史最悠久、最具影响力的慈善机构之一。 词形变换 原形 名词形式 形容词形式 例句 cure — curable Most eye diseases are curable now.现在大多数眼疾都可以治愈。 treat treatment treatable Many patients are waiting for medical treatment.许多患者正在等待治疗。 operate operation operational The operation was performed by Dr Ma.手术是由马医生做的。 benefit benefit beneficial Regular exercise is beneficial to health.规律运动对健康有益。 influence influence influential She is an influential charity leader.她是一位有影响力的慈善领袖。 medicine — medical They cannot afford medical treatment.他们负担不起医疗费用。 organize organization — The organization was founded in 1982.这个组织成立于1982年。 grate gratitude grateful I am grateful for your help.我感激你的帮助。 第二部分 重点词组 动词短语 词组 含义 例句 operate on 给……做手术 During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on. 在我上一次出诊期间，150名患者接受了手术。 carry on with 继续做某事 We need more money to carry on with our work. 我们需要更多的钱来继续开展工作。 hand out 分发，散发 Leaflets are handed out to people in the street by volunteers. 志愿者们把传单分发给街上的人们。 aim to do sth 力争做某事 The charity aims to help more poor children. 这家慈善机构力争帮助更多贫困儿童。 benefit from 从……中受益 We hope more people will benefit from this training. 我们希望更多人能从这次培训中受益。 suffer from 遭受，患……病 Over one billion people suffer from eye problems. 超过十亿人患有眼部疾病。 介词短语 词组 含义 例句 on board 在飞机上（或船上、火车上） Local doctors and nurses are invited on board to learn about eye operations.当地的医生和护士被邀请上飞机学习眼部手术。 in addition 此外，另外 In addition, many people are trained to become teachers. 此外，许多人接受了培训成为教师。 in need 在困难中，需要帮助 We should help people in need.我们应当帮助有困难的人。 常用搭配 词组 含义 例句 medical treatment 医疗，治疗 Many people don't have money for medical treatment. 许多人没有钱接受治疗。 eye care 眼睛保健 More than 50,000 eye care training sessions were completed. 超过五万场眼保健培训得以完成。 flying eye hospital 飞行眼科医院 Orbis uses its Flying Eye Hospital to help patients in poor areas. 奥比斯利用其飞行眼科医院帮助贫困地区的患者。 charity shop 慈善商店 Some of the clothes are sold in charity shops. 一些衣服在慈善商店出售。 volunteer doctor 志愿医生 Volunteer doctors operate on patients on the plane. 志愿医生在飞机上为患者做手术。 第三部分 语法精讲 被动语态(1) — 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 本单元学习的核心语法是一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。被动语态强调的是动作的承受者，而非执行者——当我们要突出"谁/什么受到了影响"，而不是"谁做了这件事"的时候，就需要用到被动语态。 构成 时态 构成 例句 一般现在时 subject + am/is/are + 过去分词 Charity activities are planned to help the poor. 慈善活动旨在帮助穷人。 一般过去时 subject + was/were + 过去分词 A young boy was blinded in a car accident. 一个小男孩在车祸中失明了。 使用场景 1. 动作执行者泛指或不言自明 当我们觉得谁都可能做这件事，或者读者一听就知道是谁做的，就不必再强调执行者了。比如： e.g. On the plane, operations are done by volunteer doctors.在飞机上，手术由志愿医生完成。 2. 不知道执行者是谁 有时候我们只知道结果，不清楚到底是谁做的，这时候用被动语态就很自然了。 e.g. The money is used to help people in need.这笔钱用于帮助有需要的人。 3. 需要强调动作承受者 当承受者比执行者更重要、更值得关注时，就把承受者放在主语位置，让它"站C位"。 e.g. 150 patients were operated on during my last visit. 在我上一次出诊期间，150名患者接受了手术。 4. 出于委婉礼貌避谈执行者 有时候为了不直接点名批评某人，或保持语气委婉，也会选择被动语态。 e.g. Mistakes were made in the process.过程中出了一些差错。 by 引出执行者 被动语态中，如果需要说明动作的执行者，可以用"by + 执行者"来引出。这个by短语通常放在句末。 e.g. Many blind people are helped by Orbis doctors.许多盲人得到了奥比斯医生的帮助。 e.g. The article was written by a volunteer from World Vision.这篇文章是由世界宣明会的一位志愿者写的。 用法详解 1. 一般现在时的被动语态：表示经常性、习惯性或客观事实的被动动作。 e.g. Leaflets are handed out to people in the street.传单被分发给街上的人们。 e.g. The money is used to help people in need.这笔钱被用来帮助有需要的人。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态：表示过去发生的被动动作。 e.g. Save the Children was founded in 1919.救助儿童会成立于1919年。 e.g. During my last visit, 150 patients were operated on.在我上一次出诊期间，150名患者接受了手术。 3. by 引出动作执行者：当需要说明动作的执行者时，用"by + 执行者"结构。 e.g. On the plane, operations are done by volunteer doctors.在飞机上，手术由志愿医生完成。 e.g. The article was written by a volunteer from World Vision.这篇文章是由世界宣明会的一位志愿者写的。 易错点提醒 1. 连系动词 smell/taste/sound/feel 主动形式含被动意义 这类连系动词本身就可以表达"被闻起来/被尝起来/被听起来/被摸起来"的意思，不需要用被动语态。用了反而画蛇添足。 ❌ The food is tasted delicious. ✅ The food tastes delicious. 食物尝起来很美味。 ❌ The song is sounded beautiful. ✅ The song sounds beautiful. 这首歌听起来很美。 2. 不及物动词 read/write/draw/sell/wash/cook/clean 主动+well/easily 含被动意义 这些动词虽然是主动形式，但和well、easily等副词连用时，实际上表达的是"被读起来/被卖出去/被洗起来"等被动含义。这是英语中一个很特别的现象，记住就行。 ❌ The book is sold well. ✅ The book sells well. 这本书卖得很好。 ❌ The cloth is washed easily. ✅ The cloth washes easily. 这布料容易洗。 3. 感官动词和使役动词在被动语态中要加 to 主动语态中，see/watch/make/let 等动词后面跟不带to的不定式（即"省略to"），但变成被动语态后，to必须"补回来"。这是考试中的高频考点，一定要记住！ 主动：I saw him cross the road. 我看见他穿过了马路。 被动：He was seen to cross the road. 他被看到穿过了马路。 主动：The teacher made him stand up. 老师让他站起来。 被动：He was made to stand up by the teacher. 他被老师叫站起来。 第四部分 语法练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Charity activities __________ (plan) to help the poor every year. 2. During my last visit, 150 patients __________ (operate) on. 3. The money __________ (use) to help people in need. 4. Save the Children __________ (found) in 1919. 5. Many blind people __________ (help) by Orbis doctors. 二、句型转换 6. Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane. (改为被动语态) . 7. The charity was founded in 1919. (对画线部分提问) . 8. They invited local doctors on board. (改为被动语态) . 三、翻译句子 9. 许多患者接受了手术。 . 10. 这些传单是由志愿者分发的。 . 11. 去年，数百万儿童得到了救助儿童会的帮助。 . 参考答案 一、填空 1. are planned 2. were operated 3. is used 4. was founded 5. are helped 二、句型转换 6. Operations are done by volunteer doctors on the plane. 7. When was the charity founded? 8. Local doctors were invited on board. 三、翻译 9. Many patients were operated on. 10. The leaflets were handed out by volunteers. 11. Last year, millions of children were helped by Save the Children. 第五部分 写作指导 话题分析 本单元写作话题是"关于慈善机构工作的报告"（A report about a charity）。通常包括以下内容： • 介绍受助者的基本信息（Who） • 描述受助者遇到的问题（What happened） • 说明慈善机构的帮助方式（How helped） • 展示帮助的成果（Results） • 表达受助者的希望（Hopes） 高分表达 表达 例句 ... is a ... from ... ……是一个来自……的…… Mandeep is a girl from Pakistan. 曼迪普是一个来自巴基斯坦的女孩。 ... used to ... ……过去常常…… She used to work on the farm all day. 她过去整天在农场劳作。 One day, ... came to ... 一天，……来到了…… One day, a World Vision officer came to Mandeep's village. 一天，一位世界宣明会的工作人员来到了曼迪普的村庄。 Now ... 现在…… Now she goes to school every day. 现在她每天去上学。 ... hopes ... can ... ……希望……能…… She hopes she can help other people some day. 她希望有朝一日能帮助其他人。 ... was helped by ... ……得到了……的帮助 Mandeep was helped by World Vision. 曼迪普得到了世界宣明会的帮助。 ... is grateful to ... for ... ……因……而感激…… She is grateful to World Vision for helping her. 她感激世界宣明会对她的帮助。 In addition, ... 此外，…… In addition, many people are trained to become teachers. 此外，许多人接受了培训成为教师。 参考模板 关于慈善机构工作的报告模板 [Who谁] is a [person人物描述] from [place地点]. He/She used to [past situation过去的情况]. His/Her family was very [description描述], so he/she could not [problem问题]. One day, a [charity name慈善机构名] officer came to [place地点] and learnt about the conditions of the local people. He/She said it was important for [sb某人] to [do sth做某事]. He/She wanted all the people in the village to [do sth做某事]. [Time时间] later, [who谁] [action行动]. Now he/she [current situation现状]. He/She can [ability能力]. He/She is grateful to [charity慈善机构] for helping him/her. [Who谁] says that he/she wants to [future hope未来希望] in the future. He/She hopes he/she can [dream梦想] some day. 范文示例 A girl's life changed by World Vision Mandeep is a girl from Pakistan. She used to work on the farm all day. Her family was very poor and had many children, so Mandeep did not go to school, and she could not read or write. One day, a World Vision officer came to Mandeep's village and learnt about the conditions of the local people. He said it was important for children to receive education. He wanted all the children in the village to learn to read and write. Three weeks later, Mandeep entered a local school. Now she goes to school every day. She can read and write. She enjoys school and is grateful to World Vision for helping her. Mandeep says that she wants to become a teacher in the future. She hopes she can help other people some day. 第六部分 知识概览 本单元知识框架总结： 主题：Charities（慈善机构） 核心话题 • 慈善机构的工作 (Work of charities) • 国际慈善组织 (International charities) • 帮助有需要的人 (Helping people in need) 重点词汇分类 1. 医疗相关 medical, cure, treat, treatment, operate, operation, patient 2. 慈善相关 charity, organization, aim, benefit, volunteer, grateful 3. 社会问题 war, virus, blind, darkness, suffer from 4. 其他 afford, progress, influential, billion, interview, directly 核心语法 被动语态(1) — 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 • 一般现在时：subject + am/is/are + 过去分词 • 一般过去时：subject + was/were + 过去分词 • by 引出执行者 重点句型 • operate on 给……做手术 • carry on with 继续做某事 • aim to do sth 力争做某事 • benefit from 从……中受益 • suffer from 遭受，患……病 • in addition 此外 写作要点 关于慈善机构工作的报告： 1. 介绍受助者的基本信息（Who） 2. 描述受助者遇到的问题（What happened） 3. 说明慈善机构的帮助方式（How helped） 4. 展示帮助的成果（Results） 5. 表达受助者的希望（Hopes） 单元学习目标 1. 了解世界各地的慈善机构及其工作 2. 掌握一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 3. 能够用被动语态描述慈善机构的工作 4. 能够撰写关于慈善机构工作的报告 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 7 Charities 知识清单默写版 Unit 7 Charities 八年级下册 第七单元 知识清单默写版 核心词汇 | 重点词组 | 语法精讲 语法练习 | 写作指导 | 知识概览 第一部分 核心词汇 本单元围绕"慈善机构与帮助他人"这一主题，学习与国际慈善组织、医疗救助、志愿服务等相关的词汇。 单词 音标 词性/词义 例句 medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 医疗的 Many patients cannot afford _______________ treatment.许多患者无法负担医疗费用。 interviewer /ˈɪntəvjuːə(r)/ n. 采访者 The _______________ asked Dr Ma about his work.采访者询问马医生的工作情况。 billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿 Over one _______________ people suffer from eye problems.超过十亿人患有眼部疾病。 cure /kjʊə(r)/ vt. 治好；治愈 n. 药物，疗法 Most eye problems can be prevented or _______________.大多数眼部问题可以预防或治愈。 treatment /ˈtriːtmənt/ n. 治疗 Many people don't have money for medical _______________.许多人没有钱接受治疗。 aim /eɪm/ n. 目的，目标 vt.&vi. 力争做到 Orbis was started with the _______________ of helping patients.奥比斯的创立旨在帮助患者。 patient /ˈpeɪʃnt/ n. 病人 During my last visit, 150 _______________ were operated on.在我上一次出诊期间，150名患者接受了手术。 afford /əˈfɔːd/ vt. 买得起，能做 Many patients can't _______________ to go to hospital.许多患者看不起病。 benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ vi. 得益于 n. 益处，成效 We hope more people will _______________ from this.我们希望更多人能从中受益。 session /ˈseʃn/ n. 一场 More than 50,000 eye care training _______________ were completed.超过五万场眼保健培训得以完成。 operate /ˈɒpəreɪt/ vi. 动手术 Volunteer doctors _______________ on patients on the plane.志愿医生在飞机上为患者做手术。 treat /triːt/ v. 医治；对待 Most eye problems can be _______________ and cured.大多数眼部问题可以治疗和治愈。 interview /ˈɪntəvjuː/ n. 采访；面试 Amy found an _______________ with an Orbis doctor.艾米找到了一篇对奥比斯医生的采访。 grateful /ˈɡreɪtfl/ adj. 感激的 I am forever _______________ to everyone at Orbis.我将永远感激奥比斯的每一个人。 darkness /ˈdɑːknəs/ n. 黑暗 Before the operation, I lived in the _______________.手术前，我生活在黑暗中。 blind /blaɪnd/ vt. 使失明 A young boy was _______________ in a car accident.一个小男孩在车祸中失明了。 addition /əˈdɪʃn/ n. 增加；增加物 In _______________, many people are trained to become teachers.此外，许多人接受了培训成为教师。 directly /dəˈrektli/ adv. 直接地 Orbis helps patients _______________ and indirectly.奥比斯直接和间接地帮助患者。 progress /ˈprəʊɡres/ n. 进步，进展 Great _______________ has been made in eye care.眼部保健取得了巨大进步。 virus /ˈvaɪrəs/ n. 病毒 During the fast spread of a _______________, UNICEF protects children.病毒快速传播期间，联合国儿童基金会保护儿童。 war /wɔː(r)/ n. 战争 It is hard for children to live in peace because of _______________.由于战争，孩子们难以过上平静的生活。 influential /ˌɪnfluˈenʃl/ adj. 有影响力的 It is one of the oldest and most _______________ charities in China.它是中国历史最悠久、最具影响力的慈善机构之一。 词形变换 原形 名词形式 形容词形式 例句 cure — _______________ Most eye diseases are _______________ now. 现在大多数眼疾都可以治愈。 treat _______________ _______________ Many patients are waiting for medical _______________.许多患者正在等待治疗。 operate _______________ _______________ The _______________ was performed by Dr Ma. 手术是由马医生做的。 benefit _______________ _______________ Regular exercise is _______________ to health. 规律运动对健康有益。 influence _______________ _______________ She is an _______________ charity leader. 她是一位有影响力的慈善领袖。 medicine — _______________ They cannot afford _______________ treatment. 他们负担不起医疗费用。 organize _______________ — The _______________ was founded in 1982. 这个组织成立于1982年。 grate _______________ _______________ I am _______________ for your help.我感激你的帮助。 第二部分 重点词组 动词短语 词组 含义 例句 operate on 给……做手术 During my last visit, 150 patients were _______________. 在我上一次出诊期间，150名患者接受了手术。 carry on with 继续做某事 We need more money to _______________ our work. 我们需要更多的钱来继续开展工作。 hand out 分发，散发 Leaflets are _______________ to people in the street by volunteers. 志愿者们把传单分发给街上的人们。 aim to do sth 力争做某事 The charity _______________ help more poor children. 这家慈善机构力争帮助更多贫困儿童。 benefit from 从……中受益 We hope more people will _______________ this training. 我们希望更多人能从这次培训中受益。 suffer from 遭受，患……病 Over one billion people _______________ eye problems. 超过十亿人患有眼部疾病。 介词短语 词组 含义 例句 on board 在飞机上（或船上、火车上） Local doctors and nurses are invited _______________ to learn about eye operations.当地的医生和护士被邀请上飞机学习眼部手术。 in addition 此外，另外 _______________, many people are trained to become teachers. 此外，许多人接受了培训成为教师。 in need 在困难中，需要帮助 We should help people _______________. 我们应当帮助有困难的人。 常用搭配 词组 含义 例句 medical treatment 医疗，治疗 Many people don't have money for _______________. 许多人没有钱接受治疗。 eye care 眼睛保健 More than 50,000 _______________ training sessions were completed.超过五万场眼保健培训得以完成。 flying eye hospital 飞行眼科医院 Orbis uses its _______________ to help patients in poor areas. 奥比斯利用其飞行眼科医院帮助贫困地区的患者。 charity shop 慈善商店 Some of the clothes are sold in _______________. 一些衣服在慈善商店出售。 volunteer doctor 志愿医生 _______________ operate on patients on the plane. 志愿医生在飞机上为患者做手术。 第三部分 语法精讲 被动语态(1) — 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 本单元学习的核心语法是一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态。被动语态强调的是动作的承受者，而非执行者——当我们要突出"谁/什么受到了影响"，而不是"谁做了这件事"的时候，就需要用到被动语态。 构成 时态 构成 例句 一般现在时 subject + am/is/are + 过去分词 Charity activities _______________ planned to help the poor.慈善活动旨在帮助穷人。 一般过去时 subject + was/were + 过去分词 A young boy _______________ blinded in a car accident.一个小男孩在车祸中失明了。 使用场景 1. 动作执行者泛指或不言自明 当我们觉得谁都可能做这件事，或者读者一听就知道是谁做的，就不必再强调执行者了。比如： e.g. On the plane, operations _______________ by volunteer doctors.在飞机上，手术由志愿医生完成。 2. 不知道执行者是谁 有时候我们只知道结果，不清楚到底是谁做的，这时候用被动语态就很自然了。 e.g. The money _______________ to help people in need.这笔钱用于帮助有需要的人。 3. 需要强调动作承受者 当承受者比执行者更重要、更值得关注时，就把承受者放在主语位置，让它"站C位"。 e.g. 150 patients _______________ on during my last visit.在我上一次出诊期间，150名患者接受了手术。 4. 出于委婉礼貌避谈执行者 有时候为了不直接点名批评某人，或保持语气委婉，也会选择被动语态。 e.g. Mistakes _______________ in the process.过程中出了一些差错。 by 引出执行者 被动语态中，如果需要说明动作的执行者，可以用"by + 执行者"来引出。这个by短语通常放在句末。 e.g. Many blind people _______________ by Orbis doctors.许多盲人得到了奥比斯医生的帮助。 e.g. The article _______________ by a volunteer from World Vision.这篇文章是由世界宣明会的一位志愿者写的。 用法详解 1. 一般现在时的被动语态：表示经常性、习惯性或客观事实的被动动作。 e.g. Leaflets _______________ out to people in the street.传单被分发给街上的人们。 e.g. The money _______________ to help people in need.这笔钱被用来帮助有需要的人。 2. 一般过去时的被动语态：表示过去发生的被动动作。 e.g. Save the Children _______________ in 1919.救助儿童会成立于1919年。 e.g. During my last visit, 150 patients _______________ on.在我上一次出诊期间，150名患者接受了手术。 3. by 引出动作执行者：当需要说明动作的执行者时，用"by + 执行者"结构。 e.g. On the plane, operations _______________ by volunteer doctors.在飞机上，手术由志愿医生完成。 e.g. The article _______________ by a volunteer from World Vision.这篇文章是由世界宣明会的一位志愿者写的。 易错点提醒 1. 连系动词 smell/taste/sound/feel 主动形式含被动意义 这类连系动词本身就可以表达"被闻起来/被尝起来/被听起来/被摸起来"的意思，不需要用被动语态。用了反而画蛇添足。 ❌ The food is tasted delicious. ✅ The food tastes delicious. 食物尝起来很美味。 ❌ The song is sounded beautiful. ✅ The song sounds beautiful. 这首歌听起来很美。 2. 不及物动词 read/write/draw/sell/wash/cook/clean 主动+well/easily 含被动意义 这些动词虽然是主动形式，但和well、easily等副词连用时，实际上表达的是"被读起来/被卖出去/被洗起来"等被动含义。这是英语中一个很特别的现象，记住就行。 ❌ The book is sold well. ✅ The book sells well. 这本书卖得很好。 ❌ The cloth is washed easily. ✅ The cloth washes easily. 这布料容易洗。 3. 感官动词和使役动词在被动语态中要加 to 主动语态中，see/watch/make/let 等动词后面跟不带to的不定式（即"省略to"），但变成被动语态后，to必须"补回来"。这是考试中的高频考点，一定要记住！ 主动：I saw him cross the road. 我看见他穿过了马路。 被动：He was seen _______________ the road. 他被看到穿过了马路。 主动：The teacher made him stand up. 老师让他站起来。 被动：He was made _______________ up by the teacher. 他被老师叫站起来。 第四部分 语法练习 一、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Charity activities __________ (plan) to help the poor every year. 2. During my last visit, 150 patients __________ (operate) on. 3. The money __________ (use) to help people in need. 4. Save the Children __________ (found) in 1919. 5. Many blind people __________ (help) by Orbis doctors. 二、句型转换 6. Volunteer doctors do operations on the plane. (改为被动语态) . 7. The charity was founded in 1919. (对画线部分提问) . 8. They invited local doctors on board. (改为被动语态) . 三、翻译句子 9. 许多患者接受了手术。 . 10. 这些传单是由志愿者分发的。 . 11. 去年，数百万儿童得到了救助儿童会的帮助。 . 第五部分 写作指导 话题分析 本单元写作话题是"关于慈善机构工作的报告"（A report about a charity）。通常包括以下内容： • 介绍受助者的基本信息（Who） • 描述受助者遇到的问题（What happened） • 说明慈善机构的帮助方式（How helped） • 展示帮助的成果（Results） • 表达受助者的希望（Hopes） 高分表达 表达 例句 ... is a ... from ... ……是一个来自……的…… Mandeep is a girl from Pakistan. 曼迪普是一个来自巴基斯坦的女孩。 ... used to ... ……过去常常…… She used to work on the farm all day. 她过去整天在农场劳作。 One day, ... came to ... 一天，……来到了…… One day, a World Vision officer came to Mandeep's village. 一天，一位世界宣明会的工作人员来到了曼迪普的村庄。 Now ... 现在…… Now she goes to school every day. 现在她每天去上学。 ... hopes ... can ... ……希望……能…… She hopes she can help other people some day. 她希望有朝一日能帮助其他人。 ... was helped by ... ……得到了……的帮助 Mandeep was helped by World Vision. 曼迪普得到了世界宣明会的帮助。 ... is grateful to ... for ... ……因……而感激…… She is grateful to World Vision for helping her. 她感激世界宣明会对她的帮助。 In addition, ... 此外，…… In addition, many people are trained to become teachers. 此外，许多人接受了培训成为教师。 参考模板 关于慈善机构工作的报告模板 [Who谁] is a [person人物描述] from [place地点]. He/She used to [past situation过去的情况]. His/Her family was very [description描述], so he/she could not [problem问题]. One day, a [charity name慈善机构名] officer came to [place地点] and learnt about the conditions of the local people. He/She said it was important for [sb某人] to [do sth做某事]. He/She wanted all the people in the village to [do sth做某事]. [Time时间] later, [who谁] [action行动]. Now he/she [current situation现状]. He/She can [ability能力]. He/She is grateful to [charity慈善机构] for helping him/her. [Who谁] says that he/she wants to [future hope未来希望] in the future. He/She hopes he/she can [dream梦想] some day. 范文示例 A girl's life changed by World Vision Mandeep is a girl from Pakistan. She used to work on the farm all day. Her family was very poor and had many children, so Mandeep did not go to school, and she could not read or write. One day, a World Vision officer came to Mandeep's village and learnt about the conditions of the local people. He said it was important for children to receive education. He wanted all the children in the village to learn to read and write. Three weeks later, Mandeep entered a local school. Now she goes to school every day. She can read and write. She enjoys school and is grateful to World Vision for helping her. Mandeep says that she wants to become a teacher in the future. She hopes she can help other people some day. 第六部分 知识概览 本单元知识框架总结： 主题：Charities（慈善机构） 核心话题 • 慈善机构的工作 (Work of charities) • 国际慈善组织 (International charities) • 帮助有需要的人 (Helping people in need) 重点词汇分类 1. 医疗相关 medical, cure, treat, treatment, operate, operation, patient 2. 慈善相关 charity, organization, aim, benefit, volunteer, grateful 3. 社会问题 war, virus, blind, darkness, suffer from 4. 其他 afford, progress, influential, billion, interview, directly 核心语法 被动语态(1) — 一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 • 一般现在时：subject + am/is/are + 过去分词 • 一般过去时：subject + was/were + 过去分词 • by 引出执行者 重点句型 • operate on 给……做手术 • carry on with 继续做某事 • aim to do sth 力争做某事 • benefit from 从……中受益 • suffer from 遭受，患……病 • in addition 此外 写作要点 关于慈善机构工作的报告： 1. 介绍受助者的基本信息（Who） 2. 描述受助者遇到的问题（What happened） 3. 说明慈善机构的帮助方式（How helped） 4. 展示帮助的成果（Results） 5. 表达受助者的希望（Hopes） 单元学习目标 1. 了解世界各地的慈善机构及其工作 2. 掌握一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态 3. 能够用被动语态描述慈善机构的工作 4. 能够撰写关于慈善机构工作的报告 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $