暑假作业03 非限制性定语从句（巩固培优）高一英语译林版

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业03非限制性定语从句 一、核心概念 1. 什么是非限制性定语从句 用逗号和主句隔开，只做补充说明。删掉从句，主句意思完整不变。 2. 与限制性从句最大区别 1. 有逗号隔开 1. 绝对不用 that 1. 关系词不能省略 1. 翻译：从句单独翻成一句话 二、详细讲解 1. which（最高频） 两大考法：指代单个事物、指代整件事情 ① 指代前面的事物 1. This ancient city, which has a history of thousands of years, attracts many cultural lovers every year. 翻译：这座古城拥有数千年历史，每年都会吸引众多文化爱好者。 2. The new policy, which helps reduce students’ pressure, has received wide support. 翻译：这项新政策有助于减轻学生压力，获得了广泛支持。 ② 指代“前面整件事” 译为：这一点、这件事 1. He sticks to daily reading, which greatly improves his English ability. 翻译：他坚持每日阅读，这极大提升了他的英语能力。 2. Many young people pay attention to traditional culture, which makes our culture more lively. 翻译：许多年轻人开始关注传统文化，这让文化更具活力。 2. who / whom（指代人） 1. who：从句主语 1. whom：从句宾语（不省略） 1. My head teacher, who is strict but patient, influences me a lot in my growth. 翻译：我的班主任严厉且耐心，对我的成长影响很大。 2. The young researcher, whom we interviewed yesterday, devotes himself to environmental protection. 翻译：我们昨天采访的这位青年研究者，致力于环保事业。 3. whose（表所属：……的）人、物通用 1. The scientist, whose work focuses on forest protection, has won many national prizes. 翻译：这位专注森林保护的科学家获得了许多国家级奖项。 2. This small village, whose scenery is peaceful and beautiful, has become a popular tourist spot. 翻译：这座风景静谧优美的小村庄，已经成为热门景点。 4. where（地点状语） 从句不缺主谓宾，缺地点，用 where 1. We visited a local museum, where we learned many traditional skills. 翻译：我们参观了当地博物馆，在那里我们学到了许多传统技艺。 2. He finally arrived at the quiet island, where he could relax himself completely. 翻译：他最终抵达那座安静的小岛，在那里他可以彻底放松。 5. when（时间状语） 从句完整，缺时间，用 when 1. We will have a seven-day holiday next week, when we can take a short trip. 翻译：下周我们将迎来七天假期，届时我们可以短途旅行。 2. I still remember my senior one days, when I made many sincere friends. 翻译：我依然记得高一时光，那时我交到了许多真诚的朋友。 6. as（高考超高分句型） 唯一可以放句首的定语从句引导词 固定万能搭配（写作必背）： 1. as we all know 众所周知 1. as is reported 据报道 1. as expected 正如所料 1. as often happens 司空见惯 1. As we all know, persistence plays an important role in our study and life. 翻译：众所周知，坚持在我们的学习和生活中至关重要。 2. As is reported, more teenagers begin to take part in public volunteer activities. 翻译：据报道，越来越多青少年开始参与公益志愿活动。 三、重难点：介词 + which / whom 规则：介词由固定搭配、从句动词、名词搭配决定 1. The project, in which many students take part, aims to protect local wild plants. 翻译：许多学生参与的这个项目，旨在保护本地野生植物。 （搭配 take part in） 2. The teacher, from whom I have learned a lot, always guides me patiently. 翻译：我从这位老师身上学到很多，他总是耐心指导我。 （搭配 learn from sb） 四、高考绝对禁忌（易错扣分点） 1. 非限制性从句绝对不能用 that ❌ He passed the exam, that surprised us. ✅ He passed the exam, which surprised us. 2. 关系词一律不能省略 3. which 指代整件事，不能放句首，只能用 as 4. 逗号绝对不能丢，丢了直接变成限制性从句 一、单句语法填空 1．He failed the exam again, made his parents very disappointed. 2．She won the first prize in the competition, made her parents very proud. 3．This is the best film, the ending of made all audiences cry. 4．There are many books on the shelf, some of are written by Mo Yan. 5． many scholars mentioned, the I Ching contains profound philosophical thoughts. 6．My deskmate, English writing skills have won several national awards, often shares with me her experience of combining Chinese cultural elements into English compositions. 7．The hostess invited three guests to join us in the studio, none of I had ever met before. 8．Second-hand products have become popular in recent years. Many shoppers have noticed a rise in second-hand stores, offer an increasingly diverse range of products. 9．He was born in a small village, the air is fresh and the people are friendly. 10．This was the first time the PLAAF had published footage of manned and unmanned aircraft teaming up, quickly captured nationwide attention. 11．The most intense moment came, Wang had only 31 minutes to transfer (换乘) from Beijing West Station to Beijing South Station by subway. 12．Mr. Smith, from he learned a lot about physics, is a leading expert in this field. 13．Alex’s new smartwatch, modern design caught everyone’s eye, was a gift from his uncle. 14．A typical example is the development of an advanced braking (刹车) system for foreign users, one foot could control all three brakes at the same time. 15．The research group includes 15 experts, of five have over 20 years of experience in AI. 16．His study starts at 6 a.m. every morning, during he reads and takes notes from newspapers. 17．On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 18．The students, some of had no prior painting experience, found the project rewarding, with one sharing a deep sense of achievement. 19．The musical follows a teenager named Joey, accidentally travels back to Chang’an — the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. 20．This marks Seth’s second participation in the TCM night market, he sees as a valuable opportunity to improve his clinical skills. 21．The first important factor of film-making is the sound effects, are often added after a scene has been shot. 22．I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, are believed to form the unity of opposites. 23．We visited the factory, products are exported to more than 50 countries around the world. 24．The novel, was published last month, has won widespread praise from readers and critics. 25．The documentary focuses on the countryside of Zhejiang, China, many ancient villages have kept their traditional lifestyles. 26．The man, comes from Japan, will give us a lecture on culture. 27．The reason, he explained in an extra explanation, was not clear. 28．I still remember the day, we met for the first time at the summer camp. 29．The group consists of 20 members, all of are volunteers from local schools. 30．There are 100 paintings in the exhibition, some of are worth millions of dollars. 二、完成句子 31．________________ yesterday, we should be confident of our future. 正像老师昨天说的那样，我们要对未来充满信心。 32．像DNA一样，指纹对每个人来说都是独一无二的，这使它们成为一种有价值的身份识别工具。 Like DNA, fingerprints are ________ ________ each person, ________ makes them a valuable identification tool. 33．Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland ________ ________ ________ the UK, ________ resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 34．The sun heats the earth, ________________ for plants to grow. 太阳温暖了地球，使得万物得以生长。 35．河边矗立着一座古塔，它见证了小镇的变迁。 On the bank of the river ________, ________ the changes of the town. 36．At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, ________________. 最后，消防人员扑灭了超市大火，这场大火是上午10点开始燃烧的。 37．She was late for school again, ________. 正如我们预料的那样，她上学又迟到了。 38．和语言学习的情况一样，普通话学习也需要大量的练习。 ________________, Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice. 39．Firstly, we should ride bicycles, __________________________. 首先, 我们应该骑自行车, 这能够减少污染量。 40．十几岁的少年痴迷于电脑游戏，这让他父母很是担心。 Teenagers are addicted to computer games, ________________ his parents. 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a wooden fan workshop in Jiangxi Province, Yu Xiuying is busier than usual. As she paints, bright flowers are brought to life across the fan. “Now I decorate at least 120 fans a day,” said the artist, “With the market 1 (recover), orders have increased.” The fans Yu painted in Ganzhu Township will be sold to Spain. The small town has 2 increasing handmade fan industry, blending traditional craftsmanship with modern designs, and now has a 3 (year) output of over 70 million fans. The town’s fan industry dates back to the early 1980s. When working in Suzhou, Yu noticed that from streets to sidewalks, from parks to tourist 4 (attract), locals always carried a wooden fan 5 them. Yu and her partners visited a local factory 6 (learn) to process (加工) fans. In 1984, they returned to their hometown to open businesses and started a new chapter in their lives. “We took equipment back to Ganzhu Township 7 raised nearly 20,000 yuan to set up a factory.” said Yu. As the plan took off, more specialists 8 (train) in every aspect of fan-making from design to craftsmanship and the products 9 (gradual) won widespread popularity in cities including Suzhou, Beijing, and Guangzhou. In 2003, Yu and others started a company, of 10 the annual output value at its peak was up to 30 million yuan after years of steady development. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nobody wants to be aged, but when it comes to visiting cities, most of us want 1 (visit) the world’s oldest cities. Luoyang is one of the oldest and most 2 (attract) cities in the world that I’d like to recommend to you. Luoyang is known as the oldest continually inhabited (有人居住的) city in Asia. The city 3 (consider) to be the birthplace of Chinese culture and history as well as being one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China. There is no other city in China that has seen so many 4 (dynasty) like Luoyang. With such a long and 5 (excite) history, Luoyang has 6 (real) a lot to offer. The Longmen Grottoes, 7 were included on the World Heritage List in 2000, and many historic Buddhist temples constantly attract tourists from all over the world. Luoyang is also famous 8 the White Horse Temple, the earliest Buddhist temple 9   (build) in China. Are you anxious to visit the city? You’d better pay 10 visit to Luoyang during the summer vacation when you can walk along the ancient wall and cross the beautiful, old bridges. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Four Chinese villages have been named the 2025 “Best Tourism Villages” by the United Nations World Tourism Organization. The 1 (new) recognized villages are Huanggang in Southwest China’s Guizhou Province, Jikayi in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, Dongluo in East China’s Jiangsu Province and Digang in Zhejiang Province. With these additions, 2 total of 19 Chinese villages have now been recognized as “Best Tourism Villages”. 3 (cover) from the southwestern mountains and highland gorges (峡谷) to the river towns of the Jiangnan region, these four villages have unique characteristics 4 terms of natural landscape, cultural identity, and development path. Together, they present 5 (variety) ways of rural development under different ecological conditions and reveal the rich evolution of rural tourism in China and the 6 (deep) and vitality (活力) of Chinese culture. A living museum of Chinese sericulture (蚕丝业), Digang protects the national-level intangible cultural heritage of silk weaving and craftsmanship. Meanwhile, Dongluo, also 7 (list) as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System, has over 600 8 (year) of continuous cultivation (耕作) and cultural inheritance. UN Tourism 9 (start) the Best Tourism Villages program in 2021 to make rural tourism popular by recognizing villages worldwide 10 are excellent in caring for local people and preserving landscapes and cultural diversity. 二、阅读理解 On the night of May 17th, four teens, Aiden Kane, Morgan Randall, Donato Jellenichr, and Tyler Sodj, decided to leave a dance party early and go to a friend’s house. Thankfully, they did because on the way there, Morgan saw a house’s attached garage (车库) on fire. The teens stopped a safe distance away from the house and took action. Aiden, who had a camera running, ran to check if anyone was inside. He knocked on the door and was shocked to see two girls and their dad still in the building. “Your house is on fire!” the teen shouted. “You have to get out!” While Aiden was rushing the family out, Donato called 911, and Tyler got near the fire to listen for cries — in case anyone was trapped in the garage. When he didn’t hear or see anyone, he walked toward the part of the house that hadn’t caught fire yet. When he did, he heard loud sounds and the garage seemed to explode (爆炸). Aiden got the kids and led them to his car. He calmly told the girls, “You’re okay.” Then Morgan took over. She hugged the kids and told them not to worry while Aiden went back for their dad. “Something clearly exploded and the fire got pushed out pretty far,” recalls Tyler. “So if Aiden didn’t go up there and get those people out, I think that the fire could have spread.” Maynard Fire Chief Jared Pearl says Tyler is right about that. “If they didn’t get everyone out and call 911, it may have been three to four minutes before we got there. And by then, the house would have been burned to the ground,” he says. Isn’t it wonderful that the teens had decided to leave the party early? The house fire could have been a disaster. But thanks to them, the house and all the people in it were saved. 1．Why did Tyler get close to the fire? A．To figure out the sounds in the house. B．To rush Aiden out of the burning house. C．To check if there was anyone in need of help. D．To ensure that Aiden had entered the garage. 2．What did Morgan do shortly after she saw the two kids? A．She drove the car away. B．She comforted them. C．She led them to their dad. D．She took them back home. 3．What does Jared Pearl mainly intend to say? A．The teens’ action meant a lot. B．Firefighters were fast enough. C．Fires can happen at any time. D．First aid skills are necessary. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the teens? A．Uncaring. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Admiring. Sport is more than just a game for many people. It can bring people together and even change a nation’s story, and the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa is the perfect example of this magic power. This special event took place at a very important time for the country — just one year after the end of apartheid (种族隔离制度), a system that had divided South Africans for decades. Before the World Cup, rugby was seen as a sport only for white people in South Africa, while most black people cared little about it. Nelson Mandela, the country’s first black president, knew sport could be a bridge to bring together the nation. He made a brave and wise choice: he wore the national rugby team’s jersey (运动衫) and stood side by side with the white players, cheering for them in public. His action surprised and moved people across the country, both white and black. The South African rugby team fought hard in the tournament. They played with great courage and teamwork, and finally made it to the final match against New Zealand, one of the strongest teams in the world. In the exciting final, South Africa won the game and took home the World Cup trophy. When the team lifted the cup, the whole country celebrated together. People of all races cheered and hugged each other, forgetting their old differences for a moment. This victory was far more than a sports win. It showed the world that sport has an amazing ability to heal wounds and bring people together. For South Africa, the 1995 Rugby World Cup became a symbol of unity and hope, proving that a nation can move forward when its people stand as one. 1．What do we know about the 1995 Rugby World Cup from Paragraph 1? A．It was South Africa’s first rugby game. B．It made South Africa world-famous. C．It was held one year after apartheid ended. D．It helped end South Africa’s apartheid. 2．Why did Mandela cheer for the national rugby team in public? A．He was a fan of the South African rugby team. B．He wanted to use sport to unite the nation. C．He hoped the team could beat New Zealand. D．He believed rugby was the most popular sport. 3．What can we learn about the final match from Paragraph 3? A．The South African team won the world championship. B．The South African team’s courage and teamwork improved. C．The match reminded people of racial differences. D．People didn’t cheer for New Zealand due to their failure. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Rise of South Africa’s Famous Rugby Team B．Mandela’s Leadership in Uniting South Africa C．The Magic Power of Sport to Unite a Nation D．A Historic Victory: South Africa’s Rugby Cup The discovery and rescue of four young Indigenous (土著的) children, 40 days after the plane they were travelling in crashed in the remote Colombian rainforest, was considered by the international press a “wonder in the jungle”. But as a sociologist who has spent more than a year living among the Andoque people in the area and conducting fieldwork, I cannot simply call this an extraordinary event. At least, not a wonder in the usual sense of the word. Rather, the survival and discovery of these children can be credited to the rich knowledge of the forest and the adaptive skills passed down through generations by Indigenous people. Before starting primary school, children in this area go with their parents for various activities such as gardening, fishing, locating rivers, hunting and gathering honey and wild fruits. They know how to find safe water, build rain shelters and set animal traps. They can identify animal footprints and scents, and avoid dangers in the woods — including knowing which plants and flowers are safe to eat. Amazonian children typically don’t have the toys and games that children in the cities grow up with. So they become experienced tree climbers and engage in play that teaches them about adult tools made from natural materials, such as axes (斧). Through such play, they learn deeply about how the natural world works. In this way, the children acquire useful skills and knowledge, such as those shown by Lesly, Soleiny, Tien and Cristin during their 40- day struggle to survive. Regrettably, this traditional knowledge that has enabled the local people to survive in the Amazon for thousands of years is under threat. The growth of large farms, mines, and illegal activities, together with private companies stepping in without Indigenous permission, has left these people vulnerable (脆弱的). Without this knowledge, future Indigenous children might not know how to find food or stay safe in the forest. Losing it would mean the end of a way of life that has kept the Andoque people alive in the Amazon for thousands of years. 1．According to the author, what was the reason for the children’s survival? A．Complete luck and fortune. B．Rich resources in rainforests. C．Government’s timely rescue. D．Wisdom got from their culture. 2．Which of the following can best describe the Indigenous way of learning? A．Advanced. B．Professional. C．Practical. D．Formal. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the threat faced by traditional knowledge? A．Concerned. B．Hopeful. C．Objective. D．Unclear. 4．What is the author most likely to discuss next? A．Daily life of the Indigenous people. B．Measures to protect traditional knowledge. C．Follow-up report on the four children. D．Changes in the locals’ living environment. 三、完形填空 On my way to meet an old friend I hadn’t seen for years, I drove into the restaurant’s car park (停车场). I 1 him standing by the entrance. After parking, I walked towards him but saw a beggar sitting near the far end of the 2 . I stopped for a moment and handed him some spare 3 before continuing. When I 4 my friend, I noticed him gently shaking his head from side to side. “You’ve always been too 5 ,” he said. “How do you know he really needs help? What if he 6 your money on bad habits?” We spent an hour eating and 7 what had happened in our lives over the years. Then we split (分摊) the bill 8 . My friend shook his head again when he saw me leave a large tip for the waitress. “You never change!” he said. I laughed. As he drove off, I thought about his 9 . His wallet was 10 more filled than mine, but I knew my heart felt much lighter than his. In the world’s view, he was richer, but in my own heart, I felt 11 . I have long held the 12 that we should treat everyone with love. We are taught to see every person as a friend, no matter their background. It really makes no 13 whether they are rich or poor, healthy or sick, homeless or disabled. Don’t be afraid to have a soft 14 . Every little bit of love we give helps make the world a better place. That is a truth I will always 15 . 1．A．reached out B．looked forward to C．cared about D．took notice of 2．A．park B．universe C．building D．sidewalk 3．A．tuition B．clothes C．change D．envelopes 4．A．attached B．approached C．folded D．argued 5．A．generous B．selfish C．keen D．intelligent 6．A．earns B．rejects C．wastes D．claims 7．A．electing B．comparing C．regretting D．sharing 8．A．equally B．fatally C．briefly D．neatly 9．A．analysis B．comments C．items D．riddles 10．A．rarely B．secretly C．globally D．definitely 11．A．sharper B．keener C．wealthier D．tougher 12．A．mission B．procedure C．pattern D．belief 13．A．difference B．sense C．fortune D．decision 14．A．journal B．heart C．pillow D．voice 15．A．occur B．contain C．treasure D．whisper In Semester 2 of 2023, I spent just over 6 months on exchange at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. If you’ve ever moved to a different city or country and felt completely outside your 1 environment, you were probably 2 culture shock. My experience arriving in Copenhagen was no 3 . The language spoken by those around me looked and sounded like nothing I had ever heard, and going shopping alone on my first day was very 4 . I have to mention that learning the hand signals for safely riding my bike in the Danish capital was quite difficult! Little did I realize that these were only the simple 5 of culture shock. The others were far less noticeable; they took much longer to 6 . The real culture shock did not hit in the days 7 following my arrival. It took me a long time to understand and experience the Danish way of life myself. After several conversations with students at university and locals in cafes, I 8 small-talk was simply not a thing. People would look at me 9 when I greeted them by asking: “How are you doing?”, which is so 10 in Australia. After multiple trips on the train, I also began to realize that the Danes 11 their private space in public so much. No one would ever dare take an empty seat next to another traveler 12 it was the very last one, and this really astonished me! Moments of realization like this happened throughout my 13 , and I think that beyond all the teaching for my university courses, it was out and about in everyday life where the true learning happened during my time 14 . These later became some of my most 15 moments. 1．A．working B．familiar C．dangerous D．difficult 2．A．causing B．reducing C．discussing D．experiencing 3．A．excuse B．trouble C．exception D．mistake 4．A．amazing B．challenging C．rewarding D．exciting 5．A．signs B．warnings C．notes D．effects 6．A．go on B．fall apart C．match up D．show up 7．A．finally B．suddenly C．gradually D．immediately 8．A．feared B．argued C．noticed D．hoped 9．A．in confusion B．with fright C．in laughter D．with ease 10．A．strange B．awkward C．dramatic D．common 11．A．ignore B．value C．share D．control 12．A．if B．because C．unless D．even if 13．A．journey B．exchange C．vacation D．adventure 14．A．overseas B．outdoors C．downtown D．online 15．A．touching B．regretful C．memorable D．meaningless 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Lily, a Grade 12 student, had been looking forward to the school charity (慈善) sale for weeks. She planned to sell her grandma’s hand-made scarves (围巾), which were kept in a wooden box with a rose on the top — grandma’s favorite. “These scarves will surely get a lot of money for the disabled kids,” she said softly, touching the soft wool gently. In the afternoon before the sale, Lily spent hours smoothing each scarf and putting them in order. Her classmate, Mia, who was responsible for the sale’s arrangements, stopped by her desk. “Lily, could you help me get some tables from the storage room tomorrow morning? I have to take my little brother to the hospital,” Mia asked, her eyes full of worry. Lily thought for a second — she had promised to come early to set up her scarf stand — but nodded. “Sure, no problem.” The next morning, Lily hurried to the storage room. She put her box near the storage room door and began to take some tables out of the storage room. When she finally pulled the heavy tables to the playground, the sale had already started. However, to her great surprise, her wooden box was nowhere to be seen. She looked for it in every corner, her heart feeling heavier as time went by. Just then, she saw Anny standing beside a stand full of hand-made scarves, talking to customers. They were like grandma’s! Lily walked over quickly, tears burning her eyes. “Anny, how could you? Those are my scarves!” Anny looked very surprised. “What are you talking about? These are mine.”Hearing that, Lily came over to check the box. There was no rose on the top of that box. Lily’s face turned pale (苍白的), “But where is my box?” she said, tears running out of her eyes. As she was walking around, a familiar voice came from behind: “Lily, your box is here!” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Lily turned around and saw Mia holding her box. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When the sale ended, Lily walked up to Anny and her head hung low. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业03非限制性定语从句 一、核心概念 1. 什么是非限制性定语从句 用逗号和主句隔开，只做补充说明。删掉从句，主句意思完整不变。 2. 与限制性从句最大区别 1. 有逗号隔开 1. 绝对不用 that 1. 关系词不能省略 1. 翻译：从句单独翻成一句话 二、详细讲解 1. which（最高频） 两大考法：指代单个事物、指代整件事情 ① 指代前面的事物 1. This ancient city, which has a history of thousands of years, attracts many cultural lovers every year. 翻译：这座古城拥有数千年历史，每年都会吸引众多文化爱好者。 2. The new policy, which helps reduce students’ pressure, has received wide support. 翻译：这项新政策有助于减轻学生压力，获得了广泛支持。 ② 指代“前面整件事” 译为：这一点、这件事 1. He sticks to daily reading, which greatly improves his English ability. 翻译：他坚持每日阅读，这极大提升了他的英语能力。 2. Many young people pay attention to traditional culture, which makes our culture more lively. 翻译：许多年轻人开始关注传统文化，这让文化更具活力。 2. who / whom（指代人） 1. who：从句主语 1. whom：从句宾语（不省略） 1. My head teacher, who is strict but patient, influences me a lot in my growth. 翻译：我的班主任严厉且耐心，对我的成长影响很大。 2. The young researcher, whom we interviewed yesterday, devotes himself to environmental protection. 翻译：我们昨天采访的这位青年研究者，致力于环保事业。 3. whose（表所属：……的）人、物通用 1. The scientist, whose work focuses on forest protection, has won many national prizes. 翻译：这位专注森林保护的科学家获得了许多国家级奖项。 2. This small village, whose scenery is peaceful and beautiful, has become a popular tourist spot. 翻译：这座风景静谧优美的小村庄，已经成为热门景点。 4. where（地点状语） 从句不缺主谓宾，缺地点，用 where 1. We visited a local museum, where we learned many traditional skills. 翻译：我们参观了当地博物馆，在那里我们学到了许多传统技艺。 2. He finally arrived at the quiet island, where he could relax himself completely. 翻译：他最终抵达那座安静的小岛，在那里他可以彻底放松。 5. when（时间状语） 从句完整，缺时间，用 when 1. We will have a seven-day holiday next week, when we can take a short trip. 翻译：下周我们将迎来七天假期，届时我们可以短途旅行。 2. I still remember my senior one days, when I made many sincere friends. 翻译：我依然记得高一时光，那时我交到了许多真诚的朋友。 6. as（高考超高分句型） 唯一可以放句首的定语从句引导词 固定万能搭配（写作必背）： 1. as we all know 众所周知 1. as is reported 据报道 1. as expected 正如所料 1. as often happens 司空见惯 1. As we all know, persistence plays an important role in our study and life. 翻译：众所周知，坚持在我们的学习和生活中至关重要。 2. As is reported, more teenagers begin to take part in public volunteer activities. 翻译：据报道，越来越多青少年开始参与公益志愿活动。 三、重难点：介词 + which / whom 规则：介词由固定搭配、从句动词、名词搭配决定 1. The project, in which many students take part, aims to protect local wild plants. 翻译：许多学生参与的这个项目，旨在保护本地野生植物。 （搭配 take part in） 2. The teacher, from whom I have learned a lot, always guides me patiently. 翻译：我从这位老师身上学到很多，他总是耐心指导我。 （搭配 learn from sb） 四、高考绝对禁忌（易错扣分点） 1. 非限制性从句绝对不能用 that ❌ He passed the exam, that surprised us. ✅ He passed the exam, which surprised us. 2. 关系词一律不能省略 3. which 指代整件事，不能放句首，只能用 as 4. 逗号绝对不能丢，丢了直接变成限制性从句 一、单句语法填空 1．He failed the exam again, made his parents very disappointed. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：他考试又没及格，这让他的父母非常失望。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。 2．She won the first prize in the competition, made her parents very proud. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：她在比赛中获得一等奖，这让她的父母十分自豪。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整件事情，从句中缺少主语，应用which引导。 3．This is the best film, the ending of made all audiences cry. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：这是一部绝佳的影片，影片的结局让所有观众都潸然落泪。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是film，指物，指代事物且作介词of的宾语，关系代词只能用which。 4．There are many books on the shelf, some of are written by Mo Yan. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：书架上有许多书籍，其中一部分是莫言所著。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词books，指代物品，作介词of后宾语，应用关系代词which引导。 5． many scholars mentioned, the I Ching contains profound philosophical thoughts. 【答案】As 【详解】句意：正如众多学者所言，《易经》蕴含着深奥的哲学思想。此处引导非限制性定语从句，置于句首表示“正如”，指代后文整句话内容，固定使用关系代词as，位于句首首字母大写。 6．My deskmate, English writing skills have won several national awards, often shares with me her experience of combining Chinese cultural elements into English compositions. 【答案】whose 【详解】句意：我的同桌，她的英语写作能力斩获过多项国家级奖项，常常和我分享她将中国文化元素融入英语作文的经验。 此处考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为 My deskmate，空格后有名词 English writing skills，需用关系代词whose作定语，表所属关系 “…… 的”，修饰后面的名词。 7．The hostess invited three guests to join us in the studio, none of I had ever met before. 【答案】whom 【详解】句意：女主持人邀请了三位客人到演播室和我们一起，我以前从未见过他们中的任何一位。此处应为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词three guests，指人，且在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以使用关系代词whom。 8．Second-hand products have become popular in recent years. Many shoppers have noticed a rise in second-hand stores, offer an increasingly diverse range of products. 【答案】which 【详解】句意：近年来，二手产品越来越受欢迎。许多购物者注意到二手商店的数量在增加，这些商店提供的产品种类也越来越多样化。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是second-hand stores，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以空处需用关系代词which引导定语从句。 9．He was born in a small village, the air is fresh and the people are friendly. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他出生在一个小村庄，那里空气清新，人们友好。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词village，先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 10．This was the first time the PLAAF had published footage of manned and unmanned aircraft teaming up, quickly captured nationwide attention. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是中国人民解放军空军首次公布有人机与无人机协同作战的画面，此事迅速引起全国关注。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 11．The most intense moment came, Wang had only 31 minutes to transfer (换乘) from Beijing West Station to Beijing South Station by subway. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最紧张的时刻到来了——王只有31分钟时间从北京西站乘地铁换乘到北京南站。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the most intense moment，且关系词在从句中作时间状语，故用关系副词when引导该从句。故填when。 12．Mr. Smith, from he learned a lot about physics, is a leading expert in this field. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：史密斯先生是该领域的顶尖专家，他从史密斯先生那里学到了很多物理知识。此处是“介词+关系词”引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Mr Smith，指人，在从句中作介词from的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 13．Alex’s new smartwatch, modern design caught everyone’s eye, was a gift from his uncle. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：亚历克斯的新智能手表，其现代设计吸引了每个人的目光，是他叔叔送给他的礼物。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Alex’s new smartwatch，和design之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose。 14．A typical example is the development of an advanced braking (刹车) system for foreign users, one foot could control all three brakes at the same time. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：典型案例是为国外用户研发的先进刹车系统，只需一脚就能同时控制三个刹车。此处考查非限定性定语从句，先行词为system，表抽象地点，用关系副词where在从句中作地点状语。故填where。 15．The research group includes 15 experts, of five have over 20 years of experience in AI. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：该研究小组共有15名专家，其中5位拥有超过 20 年的人工智能领域工作经验。空处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，先行词为experts，表示人，作介词of的宾语，用关系代词whom引导。故填whom。 16．His study starts at 6 a.m. every morning, during he reads and takes notes from newspapers. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他每天早上6点开始学习，在这期间他阅读报纸并做笔记。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为morning，指物，关系代词在从句中作介词during的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 17．On the 1,100-kilometer journey, the man Cao Shengkang, lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident, crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在1100公里的旅程中，8岁时因一次车祸失明的男子曹盛康穿过了三个省的40个城市和县。_____lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident是非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Cao Shengkang，先行词是人，所填关系词在该从句中作主语，关系代词who符合要求。故填who。 18．The students, some of had no prior painting experience, found the project rewarding, with one sharing a deep sense of achievement. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些学生中，有一些人此前并无绘画经验，但他们却觉得这个项目很有意义，其中一人甚至分享了成就感。空处和空前的some of搭配，形成“代词+of+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词students作补充说明，先行词指人，作介词of的宾语，因此应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 19．The musical follows a teenager named Joey, accidentally travels back to Chang’an — the capital of the Western Han Dynasty. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部音乐剧讲述了一个名叫乔伊的少年，他意外地回到了西汉的都城长安。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Joey，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 20．This marks Seth’s second participation in the TCM night market, he sees as a valuable opportunity to improve his clinical skills. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这是塞思第二次参加中医药夜市，他认为这是提升临床技能的宝贵机会。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代“参加中医药夜市”这件事，并在从句中作动词sees的宾语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 21．The first important factor of film-making is the sound effects, are often added after a scene has been shot. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：电影制作的第一个重要因素是音效，这些音效通常是在拍摄完一个场景后添加的。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是the sound effects，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 22．I discovered that tai chi is deeply rooted in the Chinese philosophy of yin and yang, are believed to form the unity of opposites. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限定性定语从句。句意：我发现太极深深植根于中国阴阳哲学，阴阳被认为是构成了对立统一体。设空处引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词“yin and yang”，且从句中缺少主语，指物，引导非限定性定语从句要用关系代词which。故填which。 23．We visited the factory, products are exported to more than 50 countries around the world. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们参观了这家工厂，它的产品远销全球50多个国家。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the factory，指物，与products构成所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose。 24．The novel, was published last month, has won widespread praise from readers and critics. 【答案】which 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：这部小说上个月出版，赢得了读者和评论家的广泛赞誉。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是The novel，在从句was published last month中作主语，指代The novel，所以用which引导从句。故填which。 25．The documentary focuses on the countryside of Zhejiang, China, many ancient villages have kept their traditional lifestyles. 【答案】where 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这部纪录片聚焦于中国浙江的乡村，在那里许多古村落保留着传统的生活方式。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是the countryside of Zhejiang，表示地点，关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。 26．The man, comes from Japan, will give us a lecture on culture. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位男士来自日本，他将给我们做一场关于文化的讲座。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是The man，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 27．The reason, he explained in an extra explanation, was not clear. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他在额外说明中解释的那个理由并不明确。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The reason，指物，关系词在从句中作explained的宾语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 28．I still remember the day, we met for the first time at the summer camp. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我依然记得我们第一次在夏令营遇到的那天。此处引导非限定性定语从句，先行词是the day，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导。故填when。 29．The group consists of 20 members, all of are volunteers from local schools. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个小组由20个成员组成，他们都是来自当地学校的志愿者。先行词是20 members(指人)，关系词位于介词of之后，应用关系代词whom。故填whom。 30．There are 100 paintings in the exhibition, some of are worth millions of dollars. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：展览中有100幅画，其中一些价值数百万美元。空处和空前的some of搭配，形成“代词+of+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词100 paintings作补充说明，先行词指物，作介词of的宾语，因此关系代词应用which。故填which。 二、完成句子 31．________________ yesterday, we should be confident of our future. 正像老师昨天说的那样，我们要对未来充满信心。 【答案】As the teacher said 【详解】考查定语从句。“老师”在句中表特指，翻译为the teacher，“说”为动词say，“正像老师昨天说的那样”表达为非限制性定语从句，置于主句之前，关系词指代主句内容，在从句中作动词say宾语，用关系代词as引导，由yesterday可知从句动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，say用过去式said，as位于句首，首字母大写。故填As the teacher said。 32．像DNA一样，指纹对每个人来说都是独一无二的，这使它们成为一种有价值的身份识别工具。 Like DNA, fingerprints are ________ ________ each person, ________ makes them a valuable identification tool. 【答案】 unique to which 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。表示“对……独一无二的”，用固定短语be unique to，to为介词；第三空引导非限定性定语从句，修饰上文整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填①unique；②to；③which。 33．Finally, in the 20th century, the southern part of Ireland ________ ________ ________ the UK, ________ resulted in the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 最后，在二十世纪时，爱尔兰南部脱离了联合王国，形成了今天的英国全称：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。 【答案】 broke away from which 【详解】考查固定短语和非限制性定语从句。表示“脱离”，用固定短语break away from，根据时间状语in the 20th century可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，谓语用过去式broke；第四空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填①broke；②away；③from；④which。 34．The sun heats the earth, ________________ for plants to grow. 太阳温暖了地球，使得万物得以生长。 【答案】which makes it possible 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，逗号前句子完整，空处引导非限制性定语从句，空处指代前面整个主句，应用which，从句谓语用单数形式，时态跟主句heats的一般现在时保持一致。根据汉语提示“使得万物得以生长”可知，从句需用... make it possible for... to do...意为“……使得……成为可能”，其中it是形式宾语。故填which makes it possible。 35．河边矗立着一座古塔，它见证了小镇的变迁。 On the bank of the river ________, ________ the changes of the town. 【答案】 stands an ancient/old tower which has witnessed/seen 【详解】考查倒装句和定语从句。表示“一座古塔”用an ancient/old tower，作主语。表示“矗立着”用stand，本句描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为第三人称单数，谓语也用第三人称单数。表示地点的介词短语On the bank of the river置于句首，句子需用完全倒装，将谓语stands放在主语之前。第一空填stands an ancient/old tower。第二空意思是“它见证了”用非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用which引导。表示“见证”用witness或see，这一动作开始于过去，持续到现在，句子时态应用现在完成时，又因主语是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。第二空填which has witnessed/seen。故填：①stands an ancient/old tower；②which has witnessed/seen。 36．At last the firefighters put out the fire in the supermarket, ________________. 最后，消防人员扑灭了超市大火，这场大火是上午10点开始燃烧的。 【答案】which broke out at ten this morning 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。表示“这场大火是上午10点开始燃烧的”用非限制性定语从句，从句中：修饰先行词the fire，先行词指物，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导；表示“开始燃烧”用break out，描述过去发生的动作，时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式；表示“上午10点”用at ten this morning，作时间状语。故填which broke out at ten this morning。 37．She was late for school again, ________. 正如我们预料的那样，她上学又迟到了。 【答案】as we had expected 【详解】考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。空处应用as引导非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句“She was late for school again”的内容，意为“正如”，在从句中作宾语，从句主语“我们”we，“预料”expect，“预料”这个动作发生在“上学迟到”之前，从句应使用过去完成时，故填as we had expected。   38．和语言学习的情况一样，普通话学习也需要大量的练习。 ________________, Mandarin learning also calls for lots of practice. 【答案】As is always the case with language learning 【详解】考查定语从句。根据calls可知，此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时。表示“和……情况一样”应用as is always the case with…，as引导非限制性定语从句；表示“语言学习”应用名词短语language learning，作with的宾语。句首字母大写，故答案为As is always the case with language learning。 39．Firstly, we should ride bicycles, __________________________. 首先, 我们应该骑自行车, 这能够减少污染量。 【答案】which can reduce the amount of pollution 【详解】考查定语从句、动词和名词短语。本题要翻译“这能够减少污染量”。Firstly, we should ride bicycles是主句，所填部分前面有逗号，它要用which引导的非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个主句（which翻译成“这”）。主句是客观提出建议，属于一般现在时，从句也要用该时态。“能够减少”可以翻译成can reduce。由于污染pollution是不可数名词，“污染量”要翻译成the amount of pollution。故填which can reduce the amount of pollution。 40．十几岁的少年痴迷于电脑游戏，这让他父母很是担心。 Teenagers are addicted to computer games, ________________ his parents. 【答案】which causes great concern to 【详解】考查定语从句。“让……很是担心”使用动词短语cause great concern to，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的主句内容，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，结合are和句意可知描述事实应用一般现在时，且主语which指代的主句内容为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词使用causes。故填which causes great concern to。 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a wooden fan workshop in Jiangxi Province, Yu Xiuying is busier than usual. As she paints, bright flowers are brought to life across the fan. “Now I decorate at least 120 fans a day,” said the artist, “With the market 1 (recover), orders have increased.” The fans Yu painted in Ganzhu Township will be sold to Spain. The small town has 2 increasing handmade fan industry, blending traditional craftsmanship with modern designs, and now has a 3 (year) output of over 70 million fans. The town’s fan industry dates back to the early 1980s. When working in Suzhou, Yu noticed that from streets to sidewalks, from parks to tourist 4 (attract), locals always carried a wooden fan 5 them. Yu and her partners visited a local factory 6 (learn) to process (加工) fans. In 1984, they returned to their hometown to open businesses and started a new chapter in their lives. “We took equipment back to Ganzhu Township 7 raised nearly 20,000 yuan to set up a factory.” said Yu. As the plan took off, more specialists 8 (train) in every aspect of fan-making from design to craftsmanship and the products 9 (gradual) won widespread popularity in cities including Suzhou, Beijing, and Guangzhou. In 2003, Yu and others started a company, of 10 the annual output value at its peak was up to 30 million yuan after years of steady development. 【答案】 1．recovering 2．an 3．yearly 4．attractions 5．with 6．to learn 7．and 8．were trained 9．gradually 10．which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了江西省的于秀英开办木扇制作产业的经历和取得的成绩。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：随着市场的复苏，订单增加了。根据介词“With”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，作宾补，构成with的复合结构；recover为动词，意为“恢复”，与“market”之间为主动关系，表示“市场在复苏”，故应用现在分词。故填recovering。 2．考查冠词。句意：这个小镇的手工扇产业正在迅速发展，它将传统工艺与现代设计相结合，目前每年的产量已超过7000万把。此处表示“有一个不断发展的手工木扇产业”，应用不定冠词，increasing以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 3．考查形容词。句意：这个小镇的手工扇产业正在迅速发展，它将传统工艺与现代设计相结合，目前每年的产量已超过7000万把。空处修饰名词output用形容词yearly，作定语。故填yearly。 4．考查名词。句意：在苏州工作期间，于秀英注意到，无论是街道还是人行道，无论是公园还是旅游景点，当地人总是随身携带一把木制扇子。空处应为名词，作介词to的宾语；attraction表示“吸引人的事物”，为可数名词，应用复数，表示泛指，tourist attraction意为“旅游景点”，符合句意。故填attractions。 5．考查介词。句意：在苏州工作期间，于秀英注意到，无论是街道还是人行道，无论是公园还是旅游景点，当地人总是随身携带一把木制扇子。短语carry with表示“携带”。故填with。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：于秀英及其合作伙伴前往当地一家工厂，学习如何加工扇子。根据句中谓语动词“visited”可知，空处应为非谓语动词，表示参观当地工厂的目的，故应用动词不定式形式作目的状语。故填to learn。 7．考查并列连词。句意：我们带着设备回到甘竹镇，筹集了近2万元建厂。“took”和“raised”应为并列谓语动词，故空处应用并列连词，连接两个并列成分；根据句意，应用and，表示并列关系。故填and。 8．考查时态语态。句意：随着这项计划的推进，越来越多的专家在扇子制作的各个方面（从设计到工艺）接受了培训，这些产品也逐渐在苏州、北京和广州等城市获得了广泛的认可。主语specialists与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文took off可知为一般过去时的被动语态，主语是more specialists，be动词使用were。故填were trained。 9．考查副词。句意：随着这项计划的推进，越来越多的专家在扇子制作的各个方面（从设计到工艺）接受了培训，这些产品也逐渐在苏州、北京和广州等城市获得了广泛的认可。空处修饰动词win用副词gradually，作状语。故填gradually。 10．考查定语从句关系词。句意：2003年，于秀英等人创办了一家公司，经过多年的稳步发展，最高的年产值高达3000万元。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“company”，在从句中作介词“of”宾语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Nobody wants to be aged, but when it comes to visiting cities, most of us want 1 (visit) the world’s oldest cities. Luoyang is one of the oldest and most 2 (attract) cities in the world that I’d like to recommend to you. Luoyang is known as the oldest continually inhabited (有人居住的) city in Asia. The city 3 (consider) to be the birthplace of Chinese culture and history as well as being one of the Seven Ancient Capitals of China. There is no other city in China that has seen so many 4 (dynasty) like Luoyang. With such a long and 5 (excite) history, Luoyang has 6 (real) a lot to offer. The Longmen Grottoes, 7 were included on the World Heritage List in 2000, and many historic Buddhist temples constantly attract tourists from all over the world. Luoyang is also famous 8 the White Horse Temple, the earliest Buddhist temple 9   (build) in China. Are you anxious to visit the city? You’d better pay 10 visit to Luoyang during the summer vacation when you can walk along the ancient wall and cross the beautiful, old bridges. 【答案】 1．to visit 2．attractive 3．is considered 4．dynasties 5．exciting 6．really 7．which 8．for 9．built 10．a 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国历史悠久的古城洛阳。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：没有人希望变老，但说到参观城市，我们大多数人都想参观世界上最古老的城市。want to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“想要做某事”。故填to visit。 2．考查形容词。句意：洛阳是世界上最古老且最具吸引力的城市之一，我想向你推荐它。空处修饰名词cities，需用形容词，attract的形容词形式是attractive，意为“有吸引力的”。故填 attractive。 3．考查时态和语态。句意：这座城市被认为是中国文化和历史的发祥地，也是中国七大古都之一。The city与consider之间是被动关系，即城市被认为……，且描述一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语The city是单数，be动词用is。故填is considered。 4．考查名词复数。句意：在中国，没有其他城市像洛阳这样经历过如此多的朝代。many后接可数名词复数，dynasty的复数形式是dynasties。故填dynasties。 5．考查形容词。句意：拥有如此悠久且激动人心的历史，洛阳确实有很多可展示的。空处作定语，用形容词，excite的形容词形式有exciting（令人激动的，修饰物）和 excited（感到激动的，修饰人），此处修饰history，用exciting。故填exciting。 6．考查副词。句意：拥有如此悠久且激动人心的历史，洛阳确实有很多可展示的。空处修饰a lot，表程度，用real的副词形式really。故填really。 7．考查定语从句。句意：龙门石窟在2000年被列入世界遗产名录，还有许多历史悠久的佛教寺庙不断吸引着来自世界各地的游客。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是The Longmen Grottoes，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 8．考查介词。句意：洛阳还以白马寺而闻名，它是中国最早建造的佛教寺庙。be famous for...为固定搭配，意为“因……而闻名”。故填for。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：洛阳还以白马寺而闻名，它是中国最早建造的佛教寺庙。the earliest Buddhist temple与build之间是被动关系，即寺庙被建造，用过去分词作后置定语。故填built。 10．考查固定搭配。句意：你最好在暑假期间去洛阳游览，那时你可以沿着古老的城墙漫步，穿过美丽的古桥。pay a visit to...为固定搭配，意为“参观……，拜访……”，故填a。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Four Chinese villages have been named the 2025 “Best Tourism Villages” by the United Nations World Tourism Organization. The 1 (new) recognized villages are Huanggang in Southwest China’s Guizhou Province, Jikayi in Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, Dongluo in East China’s Jiangsu Province and Digang in Zhejiang Province. With these additions, 2 total of 19 Chinese villages have now been recognized as “Best Tourism Villages”. 3 (cover) from the southwestern mountains and highland gorges (峡谷) to the river towns of the Jiangnan region, these four villages have unique characteristics 4 terms of natural landscape, cultural identity, and development path. Together, they present 5 (variety) ways of rural development under different ecological conditions and reveal the rich evolution of rural tourism in China and the 6 (deep) and vitality (活力) of Chinese culture. A living museum of Chinese sericulture (蚕丝业), Digang protects the national-level intangible cultural heritage of silk weaving and craftsmanship. Meanwhile, Dongluo, also 7 (list) as a Globally Important Agricultural Heritage System, has over 600 8 (year) of continuous cultivation (耕作) and cultural inheritance. UN Tourism 9 (start) the Best Tourism Villages program in 2021 to make rural tourism popular by recognizing villages worldwide 10 are excellent in caring for local people and preserving landscapes and cultural diversity. 【答案】 1．newly 2．a 3．Covering 4．in 5．various/varied 6．depth 7．listed 8．years 9．started 10．that/which 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了联合国世界旅游组织将中国四个村庄评为2025年“最佳旅游村”。 1．考查形容词。句意：最新认定的村庄是中国西南部贵州省的黄岗村、中国西南部四川省的基卡依村、中国东部江苏省的东罗村和浙江省的荻港村。空处用于修饰过去分词recognized，应用副词newly，意为“新近，最近”，作状语。故填newly。 2．考查冠词。句意：加上这些，目前共有19个中国村庄被认定为“最佳旅游乡村”。a total of为固定短语，意为“总共，总计”。故填a。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：从西南部的山脉和高原峡谷到江南地区的河镇，这四个村庄在自然景观、文化特色和发展道路方面都具有独特的特色。空处作非谓语动词，cover与逻辑主语these four villages之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Covering。 4．考查介词。句意：从西南部的山脉和高原峡谷到江南地区的河镇，这四个村庄在自然景观、文化特色和发展道路方面都具有独特的特色。in terms of为固定短语，意为“在……方面”。故填in。 5．考查形容词。句意：它们共同展示了不同生态条件下农村发展的多样方式，揭示了中国乡村旅游的丰富演变以及中国文化的深厚底蕴和活力。空处用于修饰名词ways，应用形容词various/ varied，意为“各种各样的”，作定语。故填various/ varied。 6．考查名词。句意：它们共同展示了不同生态条件下农村发展的多样方式，揭示了中国乡村旅游的丰富演变以及中国文化的深厚底蕴和活力。空处与vitality并列，应用名词depth，意为“深度”，作宾语。故填depth。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，东罗也被列为全球重要农业文化遗产系统，拥有600多年的连续耕作和文化传承。空处作非谓语动词，list与逻辑主语Dongluo之间是被动关系，应用过去分词形式listed作状语。故填listed。 8．考查名词复数。句意：与此同时，东罗也被列为全球重要农业文化遗产系统，拥有600多年的连续耕作和文化传承。year为可数名词，由600可知，应用复数形式。故填years。 9．考查动词时态。句意：联合国旅游组织于2021年启动了最佳旅游乡村项目，通过认可世界各地在关爱当地人民、保护景观和文化多样性方面表现卓越的村庄，使乡村旅游流行起来。根据时间状语in 2021可知，句子应用一般过去时，动词用过去式形式。故填started。 10．考查定语从句。句意：联合国旅游组织于2021年启动了最佳旅游乡村项目，通过认可世界各地在关爱当地人民、保护景观和文化多样性方面表现卓越的村庄，使乡村旅游流行起来。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词villages，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that/which引导从句。故填that/which。 二、阅读理解 On the night of May 17th, four teens, Aiden Kane, Morgan Randall, Donato Jellenichr, and Tyler Sodj, decided to leave a dance party early and go to a friend’s house. Thankfully, they did because on the way there, Morgan saw a house’s attached garage (车库) on fire. The teens stopped a safe distance away from the house and took action. Aiden, who had a camera running, ran to check if anyone was inside. He knocked on the door and was shocked to see two girls and their dad still in the building. “Your house is on fire!” the teen shouted. “You have to get out!” While Aiden was rushing the family out, Donato called 911, and Tyler got near the fire to listen for cries — in case anyone was trapped in the garage. When he didn’t hear or see anyone, he walked toward the part of the house that hadn’t caught fire yet. When he did, he heard loud sounds and the garage seemed to explode (爆炸). Aiden got the kids and led them to his car. He calmly told the girls, “You’re okay.” Then Morgan took over. She hugged the kids and told them not to worry while Aiden went back for their dad. “Something clearly exploded and the fire got pushed out pretty far,” recalls Tyler. “So if Aiden didn’t go up there and get those people out, I think that the fire could have spread.” Maynard Fire Chief Jared Pearl says Tyler is right about that. “If they didn’t get everyone out and call 911, it may have been three to four minutes before we got there. And by then, the house would have been burned to the ground,” he says. Isn’t it wonderful that the teens had decided to leave the party early? The house fire could have been a disaster. But thanks to them, the house and all the people in it were saved. 1．Why did Tyler get close to the fire? A．To figure out the sounds in the house. B．To rush Aiden out of the burning house. C．To check if there was anyone in need of help. D．To ensure that Aiden had entered the garage. 2．What did Morgan do shortly after she saw the two kids? A．She drove the car away. B．She comforted them. C．She led them to their dad. D．She took them back home. 3．What does Jared Pearl mainly intend to say? A．The teens’ action meant a lot. B．Firefighters were fast enough. C．Fires can happen at any time. D．First aid skills are necessary. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards the teens? A．Uncaring. B．Unclear. C．Doubtful. D．Admiring. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了四名少年提前离开舞会途中发现一户人家车库着火。他们分工行动，及时救出屋内父女三人并报警，避免了一场灾难。消防队长和作者都高度赞扬他们的勇敢行为。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段中“While Aiden was rushing the family out, Donato called 911, and Tyler got near the fire to listen for cries — in case anyone was trapped in the garage. When he didn’t hear or see anyone, he walked toward the part of the house that hadn’t caught fire yet.( 在艾登匆忙把这家人带出去的同时，多纳托拨打了 911，泰勒则靠近火场倾听是否有呼救声——以防有人被困在车库里。当他没有听到或看到任何人时，他走向房子尚未着火的部分。)”可知，泰勒接近大火是为了查看是否还有人受困且需要帮助。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中“She hugged the kids and told them not to worry while Aiden went back for their dad.( 她拥抱了孩子们，告诉她们别担心，而艾登则回去找他们的父亲。)”可知，摩根看到两个女孩后及时给予了她们一些安慰。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中““If they didn’t get everyone out and call 911, it may have been three to four minutes before we got there. And by then, the house would have been burned to the ground,” he says.(“如果他们没有把所有人救出来并拨打 911，那么可能要过三到四分钟我们才能赶到现场。到那时，房子就会被烧成灰烬了。”他说道。)”可推知，杰瑞德·珀尔主要想表达那些青少年的果断行动意义重大。故选A项。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Isn’t it wonderful that the teens had decided to leave the party early? The house fire could have been a disaster. But thanks to them, the house and all the people in it were saved.( 幸亏这些青少年决定提前离开聚会，否则这场房屋火灾可能会酿成大祸。但多亏了他们，房子以及屋内所有人得以幸免于难。)”可推断，作者很赞赏几位青少年的果断行为。故选D项。 Sport is more than just a game for many people. It can bring people together and even change a nation’s story, and the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa is the perfect example of this magic power. This special event took place at a very important time for the country — just one year after the end of apartheid (种族隔离制度), a system that had divided South Africans for decades. Before the World Cup, rugby was seen as a sport only for white people in South Africa, while most black people cared little about it. Nelson Mandela, the country’s first black president, knew sport could be a bridge to bring together the nation. He made a brave and wise choice: he wore the national rugby team’s jersey (运动衫) and stood side by side with the white players, cheering for them in public. His action surprised and moved people across the country, both white and black. The South African rugby team fought hard in the tournament. They played with great courage and teamwork, and finally made it to the final match against New Zealand, one of the strongest teams in the world. In the exciting final, South Africa won the game and took home the World Cup trophy. When the team lifted the cup, the whole country celebrated together. People of all races cheered and hugged each other, forgetting their old differences for a moment. This victory was far more than a sports win. It showed the world that sport has an amazing ability to heal wounds and bring people together. For South Africa, the 1995 Rugby World Cup became a symbol of unity and hope, proving that a nation can move forward when its people stand as one. 1．What do we know about the 1995 Rugby World Cup from Paragraph 1? A．It was South Africa’s first rugby game. B．It made South Africa world-famous. C．It was held one year after apartheid ended. D．It helped end South Africa’s apartheid. 2．Why did Mandela cheer for the national rugby team in public? A．He was a fan of the South African rugby team. B．He wanted to use sport to unite the nation. C．He hoped the team could beat New Zealand. D．He believed rugby was the most popular sport. 3．What can we learn about the final match from Paragraph 3? A．The South African team won the world championship. B．The South African team’s courage and teamwork improved. C．The match reminded people of racial differences. D．People didn’t cheer for New Zealand due to their failure. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Rise of South Africa’s Famous Rugby Team B．Mandela’s Leadership in Uniting South Africa C．The Magic Power of Sport to Unite a Nation D．A Historic Victory: South Africa’s Rugby Cup 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述1995年南非橄榄球世界杯于种族隔离结束一年后举办，在曼德拉推动下，球队夺冠凝聚了各族民众，彰显了体育治愈创伤、团结国家的神奇力量。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“This special event took place at a very important time for the country — just one year after the end of apartheid (种族隔离制度), a system that had divided South Africans for decades.(这一特殊赛事在南非一个至关重要的时期举办 —— 恰逢将南非人分隔数十年的种族隔离制度结束仅一年。)”可知，1995年橄榄球世界杯在南非种族隔离制度结束一年后举办。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Nelson Mandela, the country’s first black president, knew sport could be a bridge to bring together the nation. He made a brave and wise choice: he wore the national rugby team’s jersey (运动衫) and stood side by side with the white players, cheering for them in public.(南非首位黑人总统纳尔逊・曼德拉深知，体育可以成为凝聚国家的桥梁。他做出了一个勇敢而明智的选择：身着国家橄榄球队的运动衫，与白人球员并肩站在一起，公开为他们加油。)”可知，曼德拉公开为橄榄球队加油是因为他想借助体育凝聚整个国家。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“In the exciting final, South Africa won the game and took home the World Cup trophy.(在这场激动人心的决赛中，南非队赢得了比赛，捧回了世界杯奖杯。)”可知，南非橄榄球队在决赛中夺冠，赢得了世界冠军。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“It can bring people together and even change a nation’s story, and the 1995 Rugby World Cup in South Africa is the perfect example of this magic power.(它能凝聚人心，甚至改变一个国家的发展轨迹，1995年南非橄榄球世界杯就是这种神奇力量的完美例证。)”及最后一段“It showed the world that sport has an amazing ability to heal wounds and bring people together.(它向世界证明，体育拥有治愈创伤、凝聚人心的惊人力量。)”可知，全文以1995年南非橄榄球世界杯为案例，核心讲述体育凝聚国家的神奇力量。故选C项。 The discovery and rescue of four young Indigenous (土著的) children, 40 days after the plane they were travelling in crashed in the remote Colombian rainforest, was considered by the international press a “wonder in the jungle”. But as a sociologist who has spent more than a year living among the Andoque people in the area and conducting fieldwork, I cannot simply call this an extraordinary event. At least, not a wonder in the usual sense of the word. Rather, the survival and discovery of these children can be credited to the rich knowledge of the forest and the adaptive skills passed down through generations by Indigenous people. Before starting primary school, children in this area go with their parents for various activities such as gardening, fishing, locating rivers, hunting and gathering honey and wild fruits. They know how to find safe water, build rain shelters and set animal traps. They can identify animal footprints and scents, and avoid dangers in the woods — including knowing which plants and flowers are safe to eat. Amazonian children typically don’t have the toys and games that children in the cities grow up with. So they become experienced tree climbers and engage in play that teaches them about adult tools made from natural materials, such as axes (斧). Through such play, they learn deeply about how the natural world works. In this way, the children acquire useful skills and knowledge, such as those shown by Lesly, Soleiny, Tien and Cristin during their 40- day struggle to survive. Regrettably, this traditional knowledge that has enabled the local people to survive in the Amazon for thousands of years is under threat. The growth of large farms, mines, and illegal activities, together with private companies stepping in without Indigenous permission, has left these people vulnerable (脆弱的). Without this knowledge, future Indigenous children might not know how to find food or stay safe in the forest. Losing it would mean the end of a way of life that has kept the Andoque people alive in the Amazon for thousands of years. 1．According to the author, what was the reason for the children’s survival? A．Complete luck and fortune. B．Rich resources in rainforests. C．Government’s timely rescue. D．Wisdom got from their culture. 2．Which of the following can best describe the Indigenous way of learning? A．Advanced. B．Professional. C．Practical. D．Formal. 3．What is the author’s attitude to the threat faced by traditional knowledge? A．Concerned. B．Hopeful. C．Objective. D．Unclear. 4．What is the author most likely to discuss next? A．Daily life of the Indigenous people. B．Measures to protect traditional knowledge. C．Follow-up report on the four children. D．Changes in the locals’ living environment. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。从社会学家的视角，探讨了四名土著儿童在亚马逊雨林中幸存的事件，对这一事件背后的原因及相关文化现象进行了分析，并对相关传统知识的现状表达了看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Rather, the survival and discovery of these children can be credited to the rich knowledge of the forest and the adaptive skills passed down through generations by Indigenous people. (相反，这些孩子能够幸存和被发现，要归功于土著人代代相传的丰富森林知识和适应技能)”可知，作者认为孩子们的幸存归功于土著人代代相传的森林知识和适应技能，即从他们的文化中获得的智慧。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段“Before starting primary school, children in this area go with their parents for various activities such as gardening, fishing, locating rivers, hunting and gathering honey and wild fruits. They know how to find safe water, build rain shelters and set animal traps. (在上小学之前，这个地区的孩子会和父母一起参加各种活动，比如园艺、捕鱼、寻找河流、狩猎以及采集蜂蜜和野果。他们知道如何找到安全的水源、搭建避雨棚和设置动物陷阱)”及第四段“Through such play, they learn deeply about how the natural world works. (通过这样的玩耍，他们深入了解了自然界的运作方式)”可知，土著儿童通过参与园艺、狩猎等实际活动来学习生存技能，这种学习方式是实用的。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Regrettably, this traditional knowledge that has enabled the local people to survive in the Amazon for thousands of years is under threat. (令人遗憾的是，这种使当地人得以在亚马逊生存数千年的传统知识正面临威胁)”及“Without this knowledge, future Indigenous children might not know how to find food or stay safe in the forest. Losing it would mean the end of a way of life that has kept the Andoque people alive in the Amazon for thousands of years. (没有这些知识，未来的土著儿童可能不知道如何在森林里寻找食物或保证安全。失去它将意味着一种让安多克人在亚马逊生存了数千年的生活方式的终结)”可知，作者对传统知识面临的威胁感到遗憾和担忧。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Losing it would mean the end of a way of life that has kept the Andoque people alive in the Amazon for thousands of years. (失去它将意味着一种让安多克人在亚马逊生存了数千年的生活方式的终结)”可知，此处指出了传统知识面临的严重威胁及其失去后的可怕后果，按照逻辑，作者接下来最可能讨论保护这些传统知识的措施。故选B。 三、完形填空 On my way to meet an old friend I hadn’t seen for years, I drove into the restaurant’s car park (停车场). I 1 him standing by the entrance. After parking, I walked towards him but saw a beggar sitting near the far end of the 2 . I stopped for a moment and handed him some spare 3 before continuing. When I 4 my friend, I noticed him gently shaking his head from side to side. “You’ve always been too 5 ,” he said. “How do you know he really needs help? What if he 6 your money on bad habits?” We spent an hour eating and 7 what had happened in our lives over the years. Then we split (分摊) the bill 8 . My friend shook his head again when he saw me leave a large tip for the waitress. “You never change!” he said. I laughed. As he drove off, I thought about his 9 . His wallet was 10 more filled than mine, but I knew my heart felt much lighter than his. In the world’s view, he was richer, but in my own heart, I felt 11 . I have long held the 12 that we should treat everyone with love. We are taught to see every person as a friend, no matter their background. It really makes no 13 whether they are rich or poor, healthy or sick, homeless or disabled. Don’t be afraid to have a soft 14 . Every little bit of love we give helps make the world a better place. That is a truth I will always 15 . 1．A．reached out B．looked forward to C．cared about D．took notice of 2．A．park B．universe C．building D．sidewalk 3．A．tuition B．clothes C．change D．envelopes 4．A．attached B．approached C．folded D．argued 5．A．generous B．selfish C．keen D．intelligent 6．A．earns B．rejects C．wastes D．claims 7．A．electing B．comparing C．regretting D．sharing 8．A．equally B．fatally C．briefly D．neatly 9．A．analysis B．comments C．items D．riddles 10．A．rarely B．secretly C．globally D．definitely 11．A．sharper B．keener C．wealthier D．tougher 12．A．mission B．procedure C．pattern D．belief 13．A．difference B．sense C．fortune D．decision 14．A．journal B．heart C．pillow D．voice 15．A．occur B．contain C．treasure D．whisper 【答案】 1．D 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】作者前去赴老友之约，途中接济乞丐、给服务员留小费，遭到朋友劝解，作者却始终心怀善意，坚信心怀仁爱、乐于付出，内心便会拥有真正的富足。 1．考查动词短语。句意：我注意到他站在入口处。A. reached out伸出；B. looked forward to期盼；C. cared about关心；D. took notice of注意到。根据上文“On my way to meet an old friend”和“I drove into the restaurant’s car park”作者开车进入停车场赴约的场景，可知作者看到了等候在入口的朋友。 2．考查名词。句意：停好车后我朝他走去，却看见一名乞丐坐在停车场远处。A. park停车场；B. universe宇宙；C. building建筑物；D. sidewalk人行道。根据上文“I drove into the restaurant’s car park”以及“After parking”可知，乞丐在停车场里。 3．考查名词。句意：我停下脚步，递给了他一些零钱后继续往前走。A. tuition学费；B. clothes衣服；C. change零钱；D. envelopes信封。根据下文朋友质疑“What if he ____ your money on bad habits?”可知，作者递给乞丐的是钱，结合语境可知是零钱。 4．考查动词。句意：当我走近朋友时，我看见他轻轻摇着头。A. attached依附；B. approached靠近；C. folded折叠；D. argued争论。根据前文“After parking, I walked towards him”作者施舍完乞丐继续朝朋友走去，可知此处是走到朋友身边。 5．考查形容词。句意：你向来都太大方了。A. generous大方的；B. selfish自私的；C. keen热衷的；D. intelligent聪慧的。根据上文“I stopped for a moment and handed him some spare ____ before continuing.”作者给乞丐零钱，以及下文朋友质疑作者随意接济他人、担心钱被浪费的态度，可知朋友认为作者过于慷慨。 6．考查动词。句意：万一他把你的钱挥霍在坏习惯上怎么办？A. earns赚取；B. rejects拒绝；C. wastes浪费；D. claims声称。根据上文“How do you know he really needs help?”可知，朋友不认同作者施舍乞丐的行为，结合空后“bad habits”，朋友担心作者的钱被胡乱挥霍浪费。 7．考查动词。句意：我们吃了一小时的饭，分享这些年来彼此生活里发生的事。A. electing选举；B. comparing对比；C. regretting后悔；D. sharing分享。根据上文“an old friend I hadn’t seen for years”多年未见的老友相聚的语境，可知二人会闲谈、分享这些年的生活经历。 8．考查副词。句意：之后我们平分了餐费。A. equally平等地；B. fatally致命地；C. briefly简短地；D. neatly整洁地。根据上文“split (分摊) the bill”以及日常好友聚餐的相处模式，可知二人均分了账单，“equally”体现“平分”的含义。 9．考查名词。句意：看着朋友驾车离开，我想起了他说的那些话。A. analysis分析；B. comments言论；C. items物品；D. riddles谜语。根据上文朋友说的“You’ve always been too ____”、“How do you know he really needs help?”和“You never change!”可知，此处指代朋友此前说的所有话语。 10．考查副词。句意：他的钱包确实比我的更加充盈。A. rarely很少；B. secretly秘密地；C. globally全球地；D. definitely确实。根据下文“In the world’s view, he was richer”世俗眼光里朋友更加富有，结合现实语境可知，朋友的钱包确实比作者的更充盈。 11．考查形容词比较级。句意：但在我自己心中，我觉得自己更加富足。A. sharper更敏锐的；B. keener更热切的；C. wealthier更富足的；D. tougher更坚强的。根据上文“His wallet was ____ more filled than mine, but I knew my heart felt much lighter than his”可知，朋友物质上更富有，但作者内心更轻松、精神上更富足。 12．考查名词。句意：我一直秉持着待人以善意的观念。A. mission使命；B. procedure流程；C. pattern模式；D. belief信念。根据下文“we should treat everyone with love. We are taught to see every person as a friend, no matter their background”可知，这是作者长久以来坚守的内心想法和信念。 13．考查名词。句意：他们贫穷或是富有、健康或是病痛、无家可归或是身有残疾，这些都无关紧要。A. difference差异；B. sense意义；C. fortune运气；D. decision决定。根据上文“that we should treat everyone with love”可知，作者秉持的“待人以善意”的信念，此处表示人的出身、境遇都无关紧要，固定搭配“make no difference”表示“毫无影响、无关紧要”。 14．考查名词。句意：不要害怕拥有一颗柔软善良的心。A. journal日记；B. heart内心；C. pillow枕头；D. voice声音。根据全文倡导心怀善意、乐于助人的主旨，以及上文作者接济乞丐、给小费的善良行为，可知此处劝慰人们保持善心、拥有柔软的内心。 15．考查动词。句意：这是我会永远珍视的道理。A. occur发生；B. contain包含；C. treasure珍视；D. whisper低语。根据上文作者始终坚守善意处世的态度，以及上文“Every little bit of love we give helps make the world a better place”，可知作者会格外看重、珍视这份真理。 In Semester 2 of 2023, I spent just over 6 months on exchange at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark. If you’ve ever moved to a different city or country and felt completely outside your 1 environment, you were probably 2 culture shock. My experience arriving in Copenhagen was no 3 . The language spoken by those around me looked and sounded like nothing I had ever heard, and going shopping alone on my first day was very 4 . I have to mention that learning the hand signals for safely riding my bike in the Danish capital was quite difficult! Little did I realize that these were only the simple 5 of culture shock. The others were far less noticeable; they took much longer to 6 . The real culture shock did not hit in the days 7 following my arrival. It took me a long time to understand and experience the Danish way of life myself. After several conversations with students at university and locals in cafes, I 8 small-talk was simply not a thing. People would look at me 9 when I greeted them by asking: “How are you doing?”, which is so 10 in Australia. After multiple trips on the train, I also began to realize that the Danes 11 their private space in public so much. No one would ever dare take an empty seat next to another traveler 12 it was the very last one, and this really astonished me! Moments of realization like this happened throughout my 13 , and I think that beyond all the teaching for my university courses, it was out and about in everyday life where the true learning happened during my time 14 . These later became some of my most 15 moments. 1．A．working B．familiar C．dangerous D．difficult 2．A．causing B．reducing C．discussing D．experiencing 3．A．excuse B．trouble C．exception D．mistake 4．A．amazing B．challenging C．rewarding D．exciting 5．A．signs B．warnings C．notes D．effects 6．A．go on B．fall apart C．match up D．show up 7．A．finally B．suddenly C．gradually D．immediately 8．A．feared B．argued C．noticed D．hoped 9．A．in confusion B．with fright C．in laughter D．with ease 10．A．strange B．awkward C．dramatic D．common 11．A．ignore B．value C．share D．control 12．A．if B．because C．unless D．even if 13．A．journey B．exchange C．vacation D．adventure 14．A．overseas B．outdoors C．downtown D．online 15．A．touching B．regretful C．memorable D．meaningless 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．D 7．D 8．C 9．A 10．D 11．B 12．C 13．B 14．A 15．C 【导语】文章讲述作者在丹麦哥本哈根交换学习期间经历了文化冲击，从最初的语言障碍、独自购物困难，到后来逐渐发现丹麦人对待闲聊的态度和对公共空间中私人空间的重视。 1．考查形容词。句意：如果你曾经搬到一个不同的城市或国家，感到完全脱离了你熟悉的环境，你可能正在经历文化冲击。A. working工作的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. dangerous危险的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“If you’ve ever moved to a different city or country and felt completely outside”可知，搬到一个不同的城市或国家是脱离“熟悉的”环境。 2．考查动词。句意：如果你曾经搬到一个不同的城市或国家，感到完全脱离了你熟悉的环境，你可能正在经历文化冲击。A. causing引起；B. reducing减少；C. discussing讨论；D. experiencing经历。根据上文“moved to a different city or country and felt completely outside your environment”和下文“culture shock”可推知，搬到一个不同的城市或国家，脱离熟悉的环境，那么就有可能在“经历”文化冲击。 3．考查名词。句意：我抵达哥本哈根的经历也不例外。A. excuse借口；B. trouble麻烦；C. exception例外；D. mistake错误。根据上文“My experience arriving in Copenhagen was no”以及下文“The language spoken by those around me looked and sounded like nothing I had ever heard, and going shopping alone on my first day was very .”可知，作者的情况就是在经历文化冲击，不是“例外”。 4．考查形容词。句意：我周围的人说的语言看起来和听起来都是我从未听过的，第一天独自去购物非常具有挑战性。A. amazing令人惊奇的；B. challenging具有挑战性的；C. rewarding有回报的；D. exciting令人兴奋的。根据上文“The language spoken by those around me looked and sounded like nothing I had ever heard”可知，语言不通的情况下独自购物是“具有挑战性的”。 5．考查名词。句意：我完全没有意识到，这些只是文化冲击的简单迹象。A. signs迹象；B. warnings警告；C. notes笔记；D. effects影响。根据下文“The others were far less noticeable”可知，这些是文化冲击的“迹象”，与下文中“less noticeable”形成对比。 6．考查动词短语。句意：其他的要难察觉得多；它们需要更长的时间才能显现出来。A. go on继续；B. fall apart崩溃；C. match up匹配；D. show up出现，显现。根据上文“The others were far less noticeable”可知，更深层次的文化冲击难以察觉，需要更长时间才能“显现”。 7．考查副词。句意：真正的文化冲击并不是在我抵达后的几天内立刻袭来。A. finally最终；B. suddenly突然；C. gradually逐渐；D. immediately立刻。根据上文“did not hit in the days”以及下文“It took me a long time to understand”可知，真正的文化冲击不是“立刻”袭来。 8．考查动词。句意：与大学里的学生和咖啡馆里的当地人多次交谈后，我注意到闲聊根本不存在。A. feared害怕；B. argued争论；C. noticed注意到；D. hoped希望。根据上文“After several conversations”以及下文“small-talk was simply not a thing”可知，他“注意到”了这个现象。 9．考查介词短语。句意：当我用在澳大利亚如此常见的“你好吗？”打招呼时，人们会困惑地看着我。A. in confusion困惑地；B. with fright惊恐地；C. in laughter笑着；D. with ease轻松地。根据上文“People would look at me”以及丹麦人不习惯闲聊的文化差异，他们会对这种问候感到“困惑”。 10．考查形容词。句意：当我用在澳大利亚如此常见的“你好吗？”打招呼时，人们会困惑地看着我。A. strange奇怪的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. dramatic戏剧性的；D. common常见的。根据上文“It took me a long time to understand and experience the Danish way of life myself.”和“small-talk was simply not a thing. ”可知，丹麦人的很生活方式与作者的澳大利亚不同，丹麦人不习惯闲聊，但澳大利亚习惯闲聊，所以这种闲聊方式在澳大利亚很“常见”。 11．考查动词。句意：多次乘坐火车后，我也开始意识到丹麦人在公共场合非常重视他们的私人空间。A. ignore忽视；B. value重视；C. share分享；D. control控制。根据下文“No one would ever dare take an empty seat next to another traveler unless it was the very last one”可知，丹麦人“重视”私人空间。 12．考查连词。句意：没有人敢坐在另一个乘客旁边的空座位上，除非那是最后一个座位。A. if如果；B. because因为；C. unless除非；D. even if即使。根据上文“No one would ever dare take an empty seat next to another traveler”以及下文“it was the very last one”可知，“最后一个座位”是坐在另一个乘客旁边的条件，用unless引导条件状语从句。 13．考查名词。句意：这样的顿悟时刻在我的交换生经历中屡屡出现。我认为，除了大学课程所传授的知识之外，正是在海外的日常生活中，真正的学习才得以发生。A. journey旅程；B. exchange交换；C. vacation假期；D. adventure冒险。根据文章开头“In Semester 2 of 2023, I spent just over 6 months on exchange at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark”可知，这些领悟发生在“交换”期间。 14．考查副词。句意：这样的顿悟时刻在我的交换生经历中屡屡出现。我认为，除了大学课程所传授的知识之外，正是在海外的日常生活中，真正的学习才得以发生。A. overseas海外；B. outdoors户外；C. downtown市中心；D. online在线。根据全文她在丹麦哥本哈根的经历，她是在“海外”学习期间。 15．考查形容词。句意：这些后来成为我最难忘的一些时刻。A. touching感人的；B. regretful遗憾的；C. memorable难忘的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据上文“Moments of realization”和“it was out and about in everyday life where the true learning happened”可推知，这些文化冲击的领悟时刻是“难忘的”。 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Lily, a Grade 12 student, had been looking forward to the school charity (慈善) sale for weeks. She planned to sell her grandma’s hand-made scarves (围巾), which were kept in a wooden box with a rose on the top — grandma’s favorite. “These scarves will surely get a lot of money for the disabled kids,” she said softly, touching the soft wool gently. In the afternoon before the sale, Lily spent hours smoothing each scarf and putting them in order. Her classmate, Mia, who was responsible for the sale’s arrangements, stopped by her desk. “Lily, could you help me get some tables from the storage room tomorrow morning? I have to take my little brother to the hospital,” Mia asked, her eyes full of worry. Lily thought for a second — she had promised to come early to set up her scarf stand — but nodded. “Sure, no problem.” The next morning, Lily hurried to the storage room. She put her box near the storage room door and began to take some tables out of the storage room. When she finally pulled the heavy tables to the playground, the sale had already started. However, to her great surprise, her wooden box was nowhere to be seen. She looked for it in every corner, her heart feeling heavier as time went by. Just then, she saw Anny standing beside a stand full of hand-made scarves, talking to customers. They were like grandma’s! Lily walked over quickly, tears burning her eyes. “Anny, how could you? Those are my scarves!” Anny looked very surprised. “What are you talking about? These are mine.”Hearing that, Lily came over to check the box. There was no rose on the top of that box. Lily’s face turned pale (苍白的), “But where is my box?” she said, tears running out of her eyes. As she was walking around, a familiar voice came from behind: “Lily, your box is here!” 注意： 1. 续写词数应为150个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Lily turned around and saw Mia holding her box. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ When the sale ended, Lily walked up to Anny and her head hung low. __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】      Lily turned around and saw Mia holding her box. “I’m so sorry!” Mia explained. “I just got back from the hospital. I found your box by the storage room door. I thought you’d forgotten it, so I brought it here.” Lily’s eyes lit up with relief. She hugged the box tightly, tears of joy running down her face. “Thank you so much, Mia! You’re a lifesaver.” She quickly opened the box and was happy to find all the scarves safe and sound. When the sale ended, Lily walked up to Anny and her head hung low. “Anny, I’m so sorry I made a big mistake. I was just so worried about my grandma’s scarves. Please forgive me,” she said sincerely. Anny smiled and patted her shoulder. “It’s okay, Lily. I understand how you felt. Your scarves are beautiful. They sold really well, too.” Lily felt a warm feeling in her heart. She realized that sometimes misunderstandings can happen, but with honesty and kindness, they can be solved. 【导语】本文以“慈善义卖中的围巾风波”为线索展开，讲述了12年级学生莉莉准备用奶奶的手工围巾参加学校慈善义卖，因帮同学米娅搬桌子而丢失装围巾的盒子，误认安妮拿了自己的围巾，最终米娅送来盒子、莉莉向安妮道歉，化解误会的故事。 1. 段落续写： ① 由第一段首句“莉莉转过身，看见米娅拿着她的盒子。”可知，接下来可描写米娅解释捡到盒子的缘由，莉莉的情绪从焦急转为释然，确认围巾完好无损，表达对米娅的感谢。 ② 由第二段首句“义卖结束后，莉莉低着头走向安妮。”可知，接下来可描写莉莉向安妮真诚道歉，解释自己误认的原因，安妮选择原谅，两人化解误会，莉莉也体会到理解与善意的重要性。 2. 续写线索： 米娅解释捡到盒子的经过——莉莉释然并感谢米娅——确认围巾完好、参与义卖——莉莉向安妮道歉、说明误认原因——安妮原谅莉莉——化解误会、领悟善意与理解的意义 3.词类激活 行为类 ①发现：find/notice ②流下：run down/stream down ③意识到：realize/recognize/be aware of 情绪类 ①宽慰：relief/comfort ②担心：be worried about/be concerned about 【点睛】【高分句型1】Lily’s eyes lit up with relief. She hugged the box tightly, tears of joy running down her face.(运用了独立主格结构) 【高分句型2】She realized that sometimes misunderstandings can happen, but with honesty and kindness, they can be solved.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) 1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $