专题11 选择性必修第一册Unit 6 Nurturing nature 课文讲解（暑假预习讲义）新高二英语外研版

专题11 选择性必修第一册Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文讲解 考点一 Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文解读1 课文重点词汇 课文结构 考点二 Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文解读2 课文重点词汇 考点三 Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文知识解析 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文解读1 Understanding ideas 原文呈现 Work in pairs and complete the quiz. Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers. Quiz 1 Which is the highest railway in the world? a The Trans-Siberian Railway ① . b The Qinghai-Xizang Railway ② . c The Chengdu-Kunming Railway. 2 In which year was the completed （单个的动词-ed形式作前置定语，此时表示被动和已完成。）Qinghai-Xizang Railway put into operation ③ ? a 1984. b 2001. c 2006. 3 Which of these stations is not on the Qinghai-Xizang Railway? a Lhasa. b Golmud. c Lanzhou. 4 Which of these natural World Heritage Sites does the Qinghai-Xizang Railway pass by? a Xinjiang Tianshan. b Qinghai Hoh Xil ④ . c South China Karst. The Sky Railway [标题赏析]歌曲《天路》形象地描绘了青藏铁路。本文引用这个标题，紧扣文章主题，而且文章的首段中，还引用了这首歌曲的部分歌词，让读者迅速地在脑海中联想起青藏铁路那穿山入岭、高耸入云的恢宏气势。 1 Sitting back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about to ⑤ travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was "impossible".【1】 The train has been racing（现在完成进行时"have/has+been+动词-ing"） ⑥ along steadily ⑦ since it left Xining. All this time,the song "Sky Railway" has been playing inside my head. The words "railways like massive ⑧ dragons are winding ⑨ among the mountains" seem particularly vivid as I travel across the "roof of the world ⑩ ". 2 I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on this railway（who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one of the people。）.Taking years to complete（动词-ing短语作状语。）,the Qinghai-Xizang Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges ⑪ （动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰efforts。）.How to protect the delicate ecosystem ⑫ （"疑问词+动词不定式"结构在句中作主语。） was among the top concerns ⑬ . 3 The first landmark ⑭ to catch my eye ⑮ is the splendid ⑯ Qingshuihe Bridge, the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost ⑰ .【2】 Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes ⑱ is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure（with复合结构"with+宾语+宾补（动词-ing短语）"，在句中作伴随状语。） ⑲. Thirty-three passages ⑳ have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years. They seem totally unaware that we are speeding ㉑ past at over 100 kilometres an hour. 4 To prevent damage to wetlands ㉒ and grasslands（动词不定式短语作目的状语。）,675 bridges with a total length ㉓ of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa. We even moved 140,000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem. 5 The journey has been flying by ㉔ ,and before I know it,we have reached Tanggula Station.Located ㉕ at over 5,000 metres above sea level（动词-ed短语作状语。）,this is the highest railway station in the world. In locations such as this,the thin（adj.稀薄的，含氧少的） air,changeable weather ㉖ and high levels of UV radiation ㉗ presented ㉘ perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. To make sure we stayed healthy,several oxygen-making stations were constructed. We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas. 6 As we pass Cuona Lake,I feel a sense of pride and achievement.Using thousands and thousands of sandbags（动词-ing短语作方式状语。）,we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste. Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that（so…that引导的结果状语从句） I want to reach out ㉙ and touch its pale blue ㉚ mirror-like ㉛ surface.Water birds playing in the lake,and cattle and sheep wandering ㉜ the grasslands（Water…lake和cattle…grasslands为两个动词-ing短语（即动词-ing的复合结构）作主语，其中Water birds和cattle and sheep分别是playing和wandering的逻辑主语。本句中动词-ing形式的使用为读者带来生动的画面感。） bring the scenery ㉝ to life ㉞ . 7 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ㉟ has been attracting people’s admiration ㊱ for centuries. Now,thanks to our efforts,passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes. I am proud that we built our "impossible" railway, and did so with the care that the environment deserves（that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the care。）.It truly is an extraordinary "Sky Railway". 天路 1 靠坐在座位上，我不太敢相信自己将要沿着被许多外籍专家声称"不可能"的铁路旅行。火车从西宁出发，全程都在平稳快速地前进。一路上，《天路》这首歌一直在我脑海里萦绕。穿越"世界屋脊"时，"一条条巨龙翻山越岭"这句歌词显得尤为生动。 2 我是来自中国各地、参与这条铁路建设的人员之一。青藏铁路历时数年建成，记录了我们为克服最为艰巨的工程方面的挑战付出的所有努力。如何保护（这里）脆弱的生态系统是最重要的事情之一。 3 最先吸引我注意的地标是壮丽的清水河特大桥，它是世界上最长的建在高原冻土上的铁路桥。看！一群藏羚羊正从桥下走过，有些则停下来悠闲地吃草。铁路下面修建了33条通道，让这些动物在它们的自然栖息地可以安全、自由地通行。像藏羚羊这样的野生动物使用这些通道已经有很多年了。它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度飞驰而过。 4 为了避免破坏湿地和草原，我们在格尔木和拉萨之间修建了675座桥梁，总长约160千米。为了保护此处独特的生态系统，我们甚至将一块14万平方米的湿地迁往一片新的区域。 5 火车一路疾驰，不知不觉中，我们已经到达唐古拉站。这是世界上海拔最高的火车站，位于海拔5 000多米的地方。在这样的地方，稀薄的空气、多变的天气和高强度的紫外线辐射可能是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。为了确保我们的健康，人们建造了多个制氧站。我们也可以定期去海拔低一点的地区休息。 6 我们经过错那湖时，我有一种自豪感和成就感。我们曾利用千千万万个沙袋沿湖筑起了一道长20千米的墙，以保护湖泊免受建筑废料的侵害。错那湖距离铁路真近，我都想伸手触摸它那如明镜般的淡蓝色湖面。水禽在湖里嬉戏，牛羊在草原上漫步，这让此处的风景充满生机。 7 几百年来，青藏高原一直广受人们的赞叹。现在，由于我们的努力，全国各地的旅客都能欣赏到这些神奇的景致。我为我们建造了世界上"不可能的"铁路而自豪，过程中我们也对环境给予了应有的关注。这的确是一条了不起的"天路"。 课文重点词汇 ①Trans-Siberian Railway 西伯利亚大铁路 构词法 前缀 trans- 表示"横过；成为（另一种状态）"，由其构成的词有transatlantic （横渡大西洋的）、transnational（跨国的）、transform（使改变形态）等。 ②Qinghai-Xizang Railway 青藏铁路 ③put sth. into operation 实施，使……运转，启用 operation /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən/ n.[U] 运转，运行，操作 ④Qinghai Hoh Xil 青海可可西里（一般指青海可可西里国家级自然保护区） 青海可可西里国家级自然保护区是中国建成的面积最大、海拔最高、野生动物资源最为丰富的自然保护区之一。2017年，青海可可西里被列入《世界遗产名录》。 ⑤be about to do sth. 即将做某事 注意 一般不与具体的表示将来的时间状语连用。 ⑥race vi.& vt. 熟词生义 （使）快速移动，快速运转 ⑦steadily /ˈstedəli/ adv. 平稳地 派生构词 steady （adj.平稳的；稳定的；稳步的）+-ly（副词后缀）→steadily（adv.） ⑧massive /ˈmæsɪv/ adj. 巨大的 ⑨wind 熟词生义 vt.& vi.（wound,wound） （路、河等）蜿蜒，曲折而行，迂回;缠绕，卷缠 wind one’s way（指路、河等）蜿蜒前行 ⑩roof of the world 世界屋脊（此处使用了比喻的修辞手法，用来指代青藏高原。） ⑪overcome challenges 克服挑战 ⑫the delicate ecosystem 脆弱的生态系统 delicate /ˈdelɪkət/ adj. 脆弱的 ⑬among the top concerns 最重要的事情之一 ⑭landmark /ˈlændmɑ:k/ n.[C]地标 构词法 landmark为"名词+名词"构成的复合名词。类似的词还有bookshop（书店）、 sunlight（阳光）、classroom（教室）、timetable（时间表）等。 ⑮catch one’s eye 引起某人注意 拓展 与"eye" 相关的其他搭配： look sb. in the eye（s） 正视/直视某人 keep an eye on sb./sth. 照看某人/某物 have an eye for sth. 对某物有鉴赏力 ⑯splendid /ˈsplendɪd/ adj. 壮丽的 ⑰permafrost /ˈpɜ:məfrɒst/ n.[U] 永久冻土层 ⑱Tibetan antelopes 藏羚羊 Tibetan /tɪˈbet（ə）n/ adj. 西藏的 antelope /ˈæntɪləʊp/ n.[C] 羚羊 ⑲at （one’s） leisure 从容不迫地；空闲时 leisure /ˈleʒə/ n.[U] 空闲，闲暇 ⑳passage n.[C] 熟词生义 通道，走廊 ㉑speed vi. 快速前行 vt. 加速，促进（sped/speeded, sped/speeded） 搭配 speed by （时间）很快地过去 speed （…） up （使……）加速 ㉒wetland /ˈwetlənd/ n. [C,U] 湿地，沼泽地 联想 grassland /ˈɡrɑ:slænd/ n.[U，C] 草原，草地，草场 ㉓length n.[U,C] 长,长度 ㉔fly by 快速移动；（时光）飞逝 ㉕be located at… 位于……；坐落在…… 词链 locate （vt. 使坐落于……；把……安置在；找出……的准确位置）—located（adj. 位于）—location（n.[C] 地点，位置;[U] 定位） ㉖changeable weather 多变的天气 changeable /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/ adj. 可能变化的，易变的，常变的 ㉗UV （ultraviolet） radiation 紫外线辐射 radiation /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃ（ə）n/ n.[U] 辐射 ㉘present vt. 熟词生义 使发生，使经历 ㉙reach out 伸出手去 ㉚pale blue 淡蓝色的 pale adj. 浅色的,淡色的 ㉛mirror-like /ˈmɪrəˌlaɪk/ adj. 如镜面般的 ㉜wander /ˈwɒndə/ vt.& vi. 徘徊，漫游，游荡，闲逛 形近 wonder vt.& vi. 想知道 n.[U] 惊叹；[C]奇观 ㉝scenery /ˈsi:nəri/ n.[U] 风景,景色 ㉞bring…to life 使……更有趣，使……更生动 拓展 come to life 变得更有趣（或使人兴奋）,变得活跃; （仿佛活着）开始动起来（不用于被动语态） ㉟Qinghai-Tibet Plateau /ˈplætəʊ/ 青藏高原（世界上海拔最高的高原） ㊱admiration n.[U]钦佩，赞赏 (1) (2) 课文语篇结构 【即学即练】 一．课文语法填空 　1　(sit) back in my seat, I’m so excited that I’m about to travel along the railway that was called “impossible” by many foreign experts. The train runs fast and 　2　(steady) across the “roof of the world”.  It took years to build the Qinghai-Xizang Railway,　3　 is a record of all of Chinese people’s efforts to overcome the most difficult challenges. The first landmark 　4　(catch) my eye is the Qingshuihe Bridge. To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges 　5　(build) between Golmud and Lhasa. Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level, Tanggula Station 　6　(be) the highest railway station in the world. Several oxygen-making stations were constructed to make people stay 　7　(health). As we pass Cuona Lake, a sense of pride and 　8　(achieve) wells up in my heart. Along the lake we built a twenty-kilometre wall to protect the lake 　9　 construction waste.  I’m proud that we built our “impossible” railway. It truly is 　10　 extraordinary “Sky Railway”.  1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　  二．单句语法填空 1.Since the project began, wildlife populations have been increased　　　　　(steady).   2.It was the geologist’s story that brought the class 　　　　　life immediately.  2.Traffic doesn’t stop 　　　　　(mass) mammals like moose and bears from crossing highways.  4.Since nuclear-contaminated water was poured into the sea, how to protect the ecological environment has been among the top 　　　　(concern).  5.When 　　　　　(wander) through his neighborhood, Rick Nahmias noticed all the unpicked fruits on the trees and considered how he could make the best of them.   6.She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now　　　　　(prevent) an extinction-level event for humanity.  三.选词填空(其中有一项多余) catch one’s eye;thanks to;at one’s leisure;reach out;make sure;such as 　　If you are 1.　　　　　　, I recommend you to travel to Beijing. It has many attractions 2.　　　　　　 the Summer Palace and the Great Wall, which are sure to 3.　　　　　　. To 4.　　　　　　 that you have a successful trip, you’d better make adequate preparations. 5.　　　　　　 convenient transportation, you can have easy access to many places. I think the trip will leave a deep impression on you.  四．完成句子 1.众所周知,竹子很结实,所以经常被用来建造房屋和桥梁。(so...that...) It is known to us all that　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 it is often used to build houses and bridges.  2.戴维闭着眼睛,咬着嘴唇,皱着眉头,考虑着他是否应该参加越野赛跑。(疑问词+不定式) David closed his eyes,bit his lip and frowned,thinking about 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the cross-country run or not. 3.它高高地傲然耸立着,枝丫向外伸展,仿佛要拥抱天空。(with的复合结构;reach) It stood tall and proud, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　as if to embrace the sky.  考点二 Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文解读2 Developing ideas 原文呈现 THE BEST JOB IN THE WORLD 1 How would you like to spend six months living on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef ① ?The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided ② .Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out what the area has to offer（两个并列的动词-ing短语作include的宾语，其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句。） .You’ll need to report back via ③ weekly blogs,photo diaries and video updates. You’ll also be asked to promote the islands through newspapers, magazines and TV interviews. 2.This call for an island caretaker ④ attracted interest from all over the world.It was actually a very clever means ⑤ to highlight the importance of ⑥ the Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it. 3.Located off the coast ⑦ of North-east Australia,the Great Barrier Reef is the largest living thing on the planet.About the size of Japan, it even can be seen from outer space. More than 25 million years old,the Great Barrier Reef is made up of（[近义]consist of、be composed of） living coral growing on dead coral（动词-ing短语作后置定语。）.It is host to ⑧ many species of birds and sea creatures. But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from ⑨ pollution and climate change. 4 To get this job,the candidates ⑩ had to make a short video showing how much they knew about the reef（动词-ing结构作后置定语，修饰a short video, 其中包含一个how引导的宾语从句。）.They also needed to prove why they were the best person to do the job. Out of the thousands of applicants ⑪ ,eleven were selected,including a young woman from China. Eventually,the job was offered to Ben Southall from the UK. 5. Ben did a lot during his time as an island caretaker.In addition to ⑫ blogging,taking photos and writing articles about the reef,he made a number of appearances ⑬ on television to argue in favour of ⑭ its defence ⑮ .He also worked as a presenter ⑯ for the National Geographic Channel,before going on to write a book about his experiences. Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised ⑰ not as the "best", but the "busiest job in the world"（that在此引导宾语从句，作joked的宾语，该宾语从句中，should have been advertised属于"情态动词+have done"结构;该从句中还含有"not…but…"结构，表示"不是……而是……"。）! 6. Whether it was a genuine ⑱ job offer or an eye-catching ⑲ marketing ⑳ event isn’t really important.The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area. What’s more,they came to ㉑ understand the delicatebalance that the environment exists in（that引导的定语从句，修饰the delicate balance。）and what can,and must, be done to protect the reef（what引导的宾语从句，与 the delicate balance并列作understand的宾语。）.That way,it will remain a safe habitat for wildlife,as well as a dream destination ㉒ for the millions of tourists who visit it each year. 全世界最好的工作 1 你觉得在岛上生活6个月，照看大堡礁怎么样？工作时间灵活，提供住宿。主要职责包括探索礁岛，了解该地区都有些什么。你将要通过每周博客、照片日记和视频更新汇报工作。你还要通过报纸、杂志和电视采访宣传这些岛屿。 2. 这场对于岛屿管理员的号召引起了全世界的兴趣。这确实是一种强调大堡礁的重要性和保护它的必要性的非常高明的手段。 3. 大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北部近海处，是地球上最大的生物。大堡礁的面积与日本（的国土面积）大致相当，甚至从外太空都能看到它。它有着2 500多万年的历史，由生长在死珊瑚上的活珊瑚组成。众多鸟类和海洋生物栖息于此。然而，这个独特又脆弱的地方正在遭受污染和气候变化带来的威胁。 4 要得到这份工作，候选人必须制作一个短片，展示他们对于大堡礁了解多少。他们还需要证明为什么自己是做这项工作的最佳人选。在数以千计的申请人当中，11人被选中，其中包括一名来自中国的年轻女性。最终，来自英国的本·索撒尔获得了这份工作。 5. 本在做岛屿管理员期间做了很多事情。除了写博客、拍照和撰写有关大堡礁的文章以外，他还多次在电视上露面，为保护大堡礁辩护。他也是国家地理频道的主持人，随后还着手写了一本关于个人经历的书。本后来开玩笑说，这份工作不应宣传为"最好的"，而应是"世界上最繁忙的工作"！ 6. 不管这是一个真正的工作机会，还是一场吸引眼球的营销活动，其实都不重要。最重要的是，世界各地的人开始意识到这片地区的海洋是多么美丽。此外，他们开始意识到环境存在于微妙的平衡之中，以及人们可以，并且必须做些什么来保护大堡礁。那样,它将会继续成为野生动物的安全栖息地和每年来此参观的数百万游客的梦想目的地。 课文重点词汇 ①Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁 ②provide accommodation 提供住处 ③via /ˈvaɪə/ prep.通过（某人、某机器等）传送（某物）；借助于 ④caretaker /ˈkeəteɪkə（r）/ n.[C]管理员，看管人，看门人；照看人，监护人，护理人员 ⑤means n.[C]（单复数同形）方法，手段，工具 搭配 means to do sth./means of doing sth.做某事的方法 ⑥highlight the importance of… 强调……的重要性 ⑦off the coast 临近海岸#1.7 ⑧be host to…（=be home to…）是……的栖息地 host n.[C]熟词生义 栖息地，生物的生长地 ⑨under threat from… 处于……的危险中,受到来自……的威胁 face/meet a threat 面临/应对威胁 拓展 "under+抽象名词"表示"受……影响"。 ⑩candidate /ˈkændɪdeɪt/ n.[C]申请者，候选人 ⑪applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ n.[C]申请人 ⑫in addition to… 除……之外 比较 in addition 此外（=what’s more/moreover/besides/further） ⑬appearance n.[C]公开露面，演出，出庭；抵达，到来；[C,U]外貌，外表 词链 appear（linking verb. 显得 vi. 出现；首次使用）—appearance（n.）— disappear（vi. 消失）—disappearance（n.[U,C]消失） ⑭in favour of… 支持……,赞同…… favour /ˈfeɪvə/ n.[U]支持,赞同 ⑮defence n.[C,U]辩护，维护；[U]保护，防护 ⑯presenter /prɪˈzentə（r）/ n.[C]（广播、电视）节目主持人；演讲人,发言人 TV presenter 电视节目主持人 conference presenter 会议发言人 ⑰advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/ vt.& vi.（为……）做广告（宣传） ⑱genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj.真的，真正的 ⑲eye-catching adj.引人注目的 构词法 eye-catching是由"名词+动词-ing"构成的复合形容词。类似的词还有peace- loving（爱好和平的）、time-saving（节省时间的）等。 ⑳marketing /ˈmɑ:kɪtɪŋ/ n.[U]营销，销售,促销 ㉑come to do sth. 开始做某事 ㉒a dream destination 梦寐以求的目的地 大堡礁是世界上最大、最长的珊瑚礁群。它纵贯澳洲的东北沿海，北起托雷斯海峡，南至南回归线以南，绵延伸展约2 000千米，最宽处约160千米。大堡礁包含2 900个珊瑚礁，自然景观非常独特。大堡礁在1981年被列入《世界遗产名录》。 大堡礁的南端离海岸最远约有240千米，北端最近处离海岸仅16千米。在落潮时部分珊瑚礁露出水面形成珊瑚岛。在礁群与海岸之间是一条极方便的海路。风平浪静时，游船在此间通过，船下连绵不绝、多姿多彩的珊瑚就成为吸引世界各地游客来观赏的最佳海底奇观。 【即学即练】 一．课文语法填空 There is a 　1　 (various) of jobs in the world and everyone wants the best one. But have you thought about 　2　(spend) 6 months living on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef, 　3　 is home to many sea creatures? With the development of our society, 　4　 is more necessary to highlight the importance of protecting the Reef. To get this job, 　5　(candidate) have to send their videos showing they are the best person 　6　 (do) it. At the same time, they should do 　7　 (good) in writing blogs, taking photos and writing articles to be 　8　 favour of the protection of the Reef. In a word, 　9　 you will do is to make 　10　 (globe) people aware of the importance of keeping the beauty of the ocean.   1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　  二．单句语法填空 1.Her 　　　　　(apply) for a position in the company was declined, which made her very upset.  2.I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with, which makes me 　　　　　 (qualify) for the voluntary work.  3.The natural habitat of some wildlife worldwide is 　　　　　 threat from human activities.  4.Something that is 　　　　　 (negotiate) can be changed or agreed upon when people discuss it.   5.The company’s 　　　　　(advertise) is spreading false information with the purpose of tricking customers into buying their products.  6.With joint efforts, more 　　　　　(favour) measures have been generated to protect the endangered animals from dying out.  7.The key to catching the minds of your friends and colleagues is to be familiar with their 　　　　　 (prefer).  三．完成句子 1.我写这封信,希望您能够在即将到来的面试中帮助我。(favour) I’m writing this letter, hoping that 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　with my coming interview.  2.这一活动旨在强调吃肉和奶制品作为均衡健康饮食的一部分的重要性。(highlight) This campaign is aimed at 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 meat and dairy products as part of a balanced and healthy diet.  3.What do you think of taking a trip to the mountains on the weekend?(句型转换) →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to take a trip to the mountains on the weekend?   考点三 课文知识解析 1.put into operation投入运行；(使)施行；(使)实行；(使)生效 (教材P62)　In which year was the completed Qinghai­Tibet Railway put into operation? 建成的青藏铁路是哪一年投入运行的？ Over the next year，Beijing will put into operation three new mass transit lines.明年一年，北京三条新的主要运输线将投入运营。 [知识拓展] put into practice 实施；实行；实践 put into effect 实施(计划)；实现(想法) put into prison 关进监狱；监禁；投入监狱 put into use 投入使用；使用，利用 1.among the top concerns最重要的事情之一 (教材P63)　How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.如何保护(这里)脆弱的生态系统是人们最关心的问题之一。 As we know，these issues are now among the top concerns for public health in every region of the world. 众所周知，这些问题现已成为世界各地公共卫生领域最令人关注的问题。 [知识拓展] (1)express concern for sb. 表达对某人的关心 concern oneself about/for... 为……担心 (2)be concerned about/for... 对……担忧/忧虑 be concerned with... 与……有关的 (3)as far as sb. is concerned 就某人而言 3.catch one's eye引起某人注意；引人瞩目 (教材P63)　The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge，the world's longest bridge built over permafrost. 第一个吸引我眼球的地标是壮丽的清水河大桥，世界上最长的建在永久冻土层上的桥。 The beautiful flowers catch my eye when I am crossing the city garden.当我穿过城市花园的时候，那些美丽的鲜花吸引了我的目光。 [知识拓展] keep an eye on 注意，留意 have a good eye for 对……有眼光/鉴赏力 look sb. in the eye 直视(正视)某人 4.at one's leisure 空闲时 (教材P63)　A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge，with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure.一群藏羚羊正从桥下通过，有几只停下来在从容地吃草。 He could read all the national papers at his leisure.空闲时他可以阅读所有的全国性报纸。 [知识拓展] at one's best 某人处于最佳状态 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候 at one's service 听凭某人吩咐 at one's heels 紧跟在……后面 5.reach out伸出(手) (教材P63)　Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror­like surface. 措那湖离铁路那么近，因此我想伸手去触摸它那淡蓝色的如镜的湖面。 I could almost reach out and grab it right then and there.当时在那儿我几乎伸手就能把它抓住了。 [知识拓展] reach out to sb. 向某人提供帮助 reach an agreement 达成协议 out of/beyond one's reach 某人够不到 within one's reach/within the reach of sb.在某人可以承受的范围内 6.　(教材P63)　Water birds playing in the lake，and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life. 湖中水鸟嬉戏，草原上牛羊漫步，使景色更加生动有趣。 (1)wander v．漫游；游荡；闲逛；徘徊；走神 Half way through the meeting my mind started to wander.会议开到了一半，我开始走神了。 [知识拓展] wander off 漫步；漫游；离群走散 wander about/around 徘徊；流浪；漫步 wander from 离题；离开；走神 (2)bring...(back)to life带给……生机；使复活；使苏醒了过来；使……更有趣 They brought the drowned swimmer back to life.他们使溺水的游泳者苏醒了过来。 [知识拓展] bring about　　 引起；使掉头 bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕吐 bring out 出版，生产；使显示；说出 bring in 引进；生产；增加 (3)scenery n．风景，景色；场面，景观 There is no scenery comparable to that of the West Lake.西湖之景无与伦比。 [名辨异同]　scenery/scene/sight/view scenery 指自然景色的全称，常用来描述静态的乡村景色； scene 指包含人的活动的风景，属于scenery的一部分； sight “风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，指人文景观； view 即指从某处所见的景色；也可指“观点、看法”。 7.be about to do sth. 将要做某事 (教材P62)　Sitting back in my seat，I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”． 靠坐在座位上，我不太相信自己将要沿着这条许多外国专家断言“不可能建成”的铁路旅行。 句式分析：be about to do sth. 表示“将要做某事”，一般不与表示将来的具体的时间状语连用。它常与并列连词when构成 “be about to do sth....when...”句型，表示 “正要做某事，这时(突然)……”。 We are about to start off.我们就要出发了。 He was just about to stand up when the teacher came in.他刚要站起来，这时老师进来了。 [知识拓展] 将来时的其他表达法： (1)will/shall＋do：一般将来时最基本的表达方法，表示即将发生的动作，也可表示临时决定做某事。 (2)be going to do：表示打算、计划要做某事或有迹象表明要发生的动作。(3)be to do：表示预先安排好的计划或约定，也可表示注定要发生的事。 (4)现在进行时：表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，有此用法的动词多为go，come，leave等趋向性动词。 (5)一般现在时：表示按规定、时间表、日程安排要发生的动作，句中常常有时间状语，但只限于少数动词，如begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，return 等。 一．语法填空 A (2025河南信阳高级中学期中) Located in Ordos, North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Kubuqi Desert (库布齐沙漠) is the 　1　 (close) desert to China􀆳s capital Beijing. It was once known as the “sea of death”. However, in the past 30 years, the government, social organizations and local farmers have worked together 　2　 (control) desertification (沙漠化)in the Kubuqi Desert.  Historically,Kubuqi was a rich city which 　3　 (fill) with water and grass. But due　4　 climate change and over-exploitation of humans, the number of the farmlands 　5　 (decline) and many farmlands turned into desert. 　6　 people still living in Kubuqi can only do is control desertification. With the first highway going through the desert built here, people started planting trees in 　7　 whole desert. It was common for planted trees to die. But the next year, people just continued to plant more trees. 　8　 (they) hard work inspired the term “Kubuqi spirit”, encouraging local people to devote themselves to the desert greatly. Over three decades, tree planting technology saw continuous 　9　 (develop) in Kubuqi. Now workers can plant a tree in just ten seconds, and the survival rate of trees is over 80 percent.  The 102,000 residents in the desert have enjoyed the benefits of managing with desertification. Meng Keda’s family has lived deep in the Kubuqi Desert for generations. And he began a tourism business in 2006, 　10　 (have) an income of 300,000 yuan last year.  1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　  6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　  B (2025辽宁七校期中联考) Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug (摄影迷) in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long-acquainted friends: whooper swans, the number of 　1　 now jumps to over 100 from 30 plus when he first came to the area. “The wetland provides 　2　 ideal living environment for whooper swans. The beautiful ‘swan lake’ has become a place for photography lovers 　3　 (hang) about,” Yang said.  Known as the “kidneys of the Earth”, wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope 　4　 climate change. China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine 　5　 (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.  During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), 　6　 (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland􀆳s Geneva, China called for enhancing people􀆳s well-being 　7　 (global) by leveraging (最优化使用) the role of wetlands in promoting 　8　 (sustain) development, tackling climate change, protecting biodiversity, and delivering more benefits to people around the world.  “Through a series of ecological protection actions, China 　9　 (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving the living environment of humans, contributing more wisdom and solutions to 　10　 (build) a community of all life on Earth,” said Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University.  1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　  6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　  二．阅读理解 A (2025黑龙江哈尔滨九中期中) The Olympic Games Paris 2024 is always impressive, but 2024 promised something extraordinary even before the games began — the seats you are sitting on! Made from locally recycled plastic, these seats are sustainability (可持续性) champions in their own right. The Olympic Games Paris 2024 made history in terms of sustainability, as 11,000 stadium seats made entirely from recycled plastic are used during the water sports. The plastic used for the seats was collected from recycling bins in the Seine-Saint-Denis neighborhood, and 80% of the 100 metric tons needed for the seats came from this area. The collected plastic was cut and torn into small pieces,processed and turned into new material by a local recycling firm called Le Pavé. After the base materials were produced into plastic seats with different colors, the seats have gone through numerous tests, including mechanical resistance, fire resistance, as well as UV resistance. The recycled plastic chairs proved to be strong and durable, with producers reporting no problems in the production process. The use of recycled plastic seats is part of France’s commitment to sustainability, with the goal of reducing carbon emissions by 50% compared to the 2012 and 2016 Games. Additionally, the city is working to fight against environment worsening by making the Seine River swimmable for the first time in decades, in an effort to host the triathlon (铁人三项) there. The recycled plastic seats not only promote sustainability but also raise awareness of waste recycling, with children being encouraged to throw their plastic bottles into appropriate bins. 1.What is special about the seats for the Olympic Games Paris 2024? A.They are made from recycled plastic. B.They are produced from local raw materials. C.They won the championship in a competition. D.They are dropped in recycling bins after being used. 2.Where was the plastic for the seats mostly collected from? A.Recycling firms.　 B.Local recycling bins. C.All over France.　 D.International suppliers. 3.What do the numerous tests mainly show in paragraph 3? A.The advantages of the seats.　 B.The production process of the seats. C.The difficulty of producing the seats.　 D.The classification of the plastic seats. 4.What is one of the goals of using recycled plastic seats at the Olympic Games Paris 2024? A.To create continued economic growth.　 B.To reduce sustainability. C.To attract more attention to the games.　 D.To cut carbon emissions. B (2025山东烟台期中) If you’re looking for something fun to do, pack a picnic dinner and take your family or friends to a beautiful place to eat. However, there’s a wrong trend—viewing picnics as an excuse for transporting food in single-use plastic containers. Sure, it means the clean-up is easy at the moment, but it just puts it off to a later point, when it takes the form of the volunteer clean-up and landfill management.　1　 What follows is advice on how to pack such a picnic.   •Use food containers wisely Using reusable containers is the easiest way to reduce waste.　2　 For example, to reduce packaging, you can take along things like a loaf of bread, a whole watermelon, whole vegetables, a knife and a board to cut your food when you’re ready to eat. These things don’t have to be done and sealed before you leave the house.  •Choose real cutlery(餐具) Using washable dishes and cutlery for a picnic does not require much more work than single-use ones. You’d have to carry the waste out anyway in a trash bag, so why not pack your dirty plates and cutlery into a bag and put them in the dishwasher at home? 　3　  •Think about the drinks Forget the single-use, single-serve drink bottles.　4　 Fill large thermoses(保温瓶) or personal water bottles with water, juice or lemonade at home. Compared with a single-use plastic cup, they have the added advantage of keeping your drinks cold for longer.  •Put cloth bags to good use Cloth bags are amazing. I use them for so much more than just buying food at the store. They􀆳re perfect for packing sandwiches, dried or fresh fruit, and other snack foods. You can use them to pack glasses or plates to prevent breaking. They can also work as a napkin, tea towel, or garbage bag if needed. 　5　  A.Be sure to add a few to your picnic basket. B.There are some healthy dishes you can make or buy. C.To avoid this, a plastic-free picnic can be a brilliant idea. D.Instead, just bring along a tablecloth to spread on the ground. E.If you’re worried about breaking, take some light camping plates. F.These create a huge amount of waste, which can be easily avoided. G.In addition, keep in mind that you don’t have to pre-pack everything. 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 选择性必修第一册Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文讲解 考点一 Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文解读1 课文重点词汇 课文结构 考点二 Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文解读2 课文重点词汇 考点三 Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文知识解析 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文解读1 Understanding ideas 原文呈现 Work in pairs and complete the quiz. Try to guess if you are not sure of the answers. Quiz 1 Which is the highest railway in the world? a The Trans-Siberian Railway ① . b The Qinghai-Xizang Railway ② . c The Chengdu-Kunming Railway. 2 In which year was the completed （单个的动词-ed形式作前置定语，此时表示被动和已完成。）Qinghai-Xizang Railway put into operation ③ ? a 1984. b 2001. c 2006. 3 Which of these stations is not on the Qinghai-Xizang Railway? a Lhasa. b Golmud. c Lanzhou. 4 Which of these natural World Heritage Sites does the Qinghai-Xizang Railway pass by? a Xinjiang Tianshan. b Qinghai Hoh Xil ④ . c South China Karst. The Sky Railway [标题赏析]歌曲《天路》形象地描绘了青藏铁路。本文引用这个标题，紧扣文章主题，而且文章的首段中，还引用了这首歌曲的部分歌词，让读者迅速地在脑海中联想起青藏铁路那穿山入岭、高耸入云的恢宏气势。 1 Sitting back in my seat,I can’t quite believe that I’m about to ⑤ travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was "impossible".【1】 The train has been racing（现在完成进行时"have/has+been+动词-ing"） ⑥ along steadily ⑦ since it left Xining. All this time,the song "Sky Railway" has been playing inside my head. The words "railways like massive ⑧ dragons are winding ⑨ among the mountains" seem particularly vivid as I travel across the "roof of the world ⑩ ". 2 I was one of the people who came from all parts of China to work on this railway（who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one of the people。）.Taking years to complete（动词-ing短语作状语。）,the Qinghai-Xizang Railway is a record of all of our efforts to overcome the most difficult engineering challenges ⑪ （动词不定式短语作后置定语，修饰efforts。）.How to protect the delicate ecosystem ⑫ （"疑问词+动词不定式"结构在句中作主语。） was among the top concerns ⑬ . 3 The first landmark ⑭ to catch my eye ⑮ is the splendid ⑯ Qingshuihe Bridge, the world’s longest bridge built over permafrost ⑰ .【2】 Look! A group of Tibetan antelopes ⑱ is moving under the bridge, with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure（with复合结构"with+宾语+宾补（动词-ing短语）"，在句中作伴随状语。） ⑲. Thirty-three passages ⑳ have been built under the railway to allow the animals to move safely and freely in their natural habitat. Wild animals such as these Tibetan antelopes have now been using these passages for years. They seem totally unaware that we are speeding ㉑ past at over 100 kilometres an hour. 4 To prevent damage to wetlands ㉒ and grasslands（动词不定式短语作目的状语。）,675 bridges with a total length ㉓ of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa. We even moved 140,000 square metres of wetland to a new area in order to protect its distinct ecosystem. 5 The journey has been flying by ㉔ ,and before I know it,we have reached Tanggula Station.Located ㉕ at over 5,000 metres above sea level（动词-ed短语作状语。）,this is the highest railway station in the world. In locations such as this,the thin（adj.稀薄的，含氧少的） air,changeable weather ㉖ and high levels of UV radiation ㉗ presented ㉘ perhaps the greatest challenge for railway workers. To make sure we stayed healthy,several oxygen-making stations were constructed. We were also able to enjoy regular breaks in lower areas. 6 As we pass Cuona Lake,I feel a sense of pride and achievement.Using thousands and thousands of sandbags（动词-ing短语作方式状语。）,we built a twenty-kilometre wall along the lake to protect it from construction waste. Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that（so…that引导的结果状语从句） I want to reach out ㉙ and touch its pale blue ㉚ mirror-like ㉛ surface.Water birds playing in the lake,and cattle and sheep wandering ㉜ the grasslands（Water…lake和cattle…grasslands为两个动词-ing短语（即动词-ing的复合结构）作主语，其中Water birds和cattle and sheep分别是playing和wandering的逻辑主语。本句中动词-ing形式的使用为读者带来生动的画面感。） bring the scenery ㉝ to life ㉞ . 7 The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ㉟ has been attracting people’s admiration ㊱ for centuries. Now,thanks to our efforts,passengers from all over the country have been enjoying these magical landscapes. I am proud that we built our "impossible" railway, and did so with the care that the environment deserves（that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the care。）.It truly is an extraordinary "Sky Railway". 天路 1 靠坐在座位上，我不太敢相信自己将要沿着被许多外籍专家声称"不可能"的铁路旅行。火车从西宁出发，全程都在平稳快速地前进。一路上，《天路》这首歌一直在我脑海里萦绕。穿越"世界屋脊"时，"一条条巨龙翻山越岭"这句歌词显得尤为生动。 2 我是来自中国各地、参与这条铁路建设的人员之一。青藏铁路历时数年建成，记录了我们为克服最为艰巨的工程方面的挑战付出的所有努力。如何保护（这里）脆弱的生态系统是最重要的事情之一。 3 最先吸引我注意的地标是壮丽的清水河特大桥，它是世界上最长的建在高原冻土上的铁路桥。看！一群藏羚羊正从桥下走过，有些则停下来悠闲地吃草。铁路下面修建了33条通道，让这些动物在它们的自然栖息地可以安全、自由地通行。像藏羚羊这样的野生动物使用这些通道已经有很多年了。它们似乎完全没有意识到我们正以每小时100多千米的速度飞驰而过。 4 为了避免破坏湿地和草原，我们在格尔木和拉萨之间修建了675座桥梁，总长约160千米。为了保护此处独特的生态系统，我们甚至将一块14万平方米的湿地迁往一片新的区域。 5 火车一路疾驰，不知不觉中，我们已经到达唐古拉站。这是世界上海拔最高的火车站，位于海拔5 000多米的地方。在这样的地方，稀薄的空气、多变的天气和高强度的紫外线辐射可能是铁路工人面临的最大挑战。为了确保我们的健康，人们建造了多个制氧站。我们也可以定期去海拔低一点的地区休息。 6 我们经过错那湖时，我有一种自豪感和成就感。我们曾利用千千万万个沙袋沿湖筑起了一道长20千米的墙，以保护湖泊免受建筑废料的侵害。错那湖距离铁路真近，我都想伸手触摸它那如明镜般的淡蓝色湖面。水禽在湖里嬉戏，牛羊在草原上漫步，这让此处的风景充满生机。 7 几百年来，青藏高原一直广受人们的赞叹。现在，由于我们的努力，全国各地的旅客都能欣赏到这些神奇的景致。我为我们建造了世界上"不可能的"铁路而自豪，过程中我们也对环境给予了应有的关注。这的确是一条了不起的"天路"。 课文重点词汇 ①Trans-Siberian Railway 西伯利亚大铁路 构词法 前缀 trans- 表示"横过；成为（另一种状态）"，由其构成的词有transatlantic （横渡大西洋的）、transnational（跨国的）、transform（使改变形态）等。 ②Qinghai-Xizang Railway 青藏铁路 ③put sth. into operation 实施，使……运转，启用 operation /ˌɒpəˈreɪʃən/ n.[U] 运转，运行，操作 ④Qinghai Hoh Xil 青海可可西里（一般指青海可可西里国家级自然保护区） 青海可可西里国家级自然保护区是中国建成的面积最大、海拔最高、野生动物资源最为丰富的自然保护区之一。2017年，青海可可西里被列入《世界遗产名录》。 ⑤be about to do sth. 即将做某事 注意 一般不与具体的表示将来的时间状语连用。 ⑥race vi.& vt. 熟词生义 （使）快速移动，快速运转 ⑦steadily /ˈstedəli/ adv. 平稳地 派生构词 steady （adj.平稳的；稳定的；稳步的）+-ly（副词后缀）→steadily（adv.） ⑧massive /ˈmæsɪv/ adj. 巨大的 ⑨wind 熟词生义 vt.& vi.（wound,wound） （路、河等）蜿蜒，曲折而行，迂回;缠绕，卷缠 wind one’s way（指路、河等）蜿蜒前行 ⑩roof of the world 世界屋脊（此处使用了比喻的修辞手法，用来指代青藏高原。） ⑪overcome challenges 克服挑战 ⑫the delicate ecosystem 脆弱的生态系统 delicate /ˈdelɪkət/ adj. 脆弱的 ⑬among the top concerns 最重要的事情之一 ⑭landmark /ˈlændmɑ:k/ n.[C]地标 构词法 landmark为"名词+名词"构成的复合名词。类似的词还有bookshop（书店）、 sunlight（阳光）、classroom（教室）、timetable（时间表）等。 ⑮catch one’s eye 引起某人注意 拓展 与"eye" 相关的其他搭配： look sb. in the eye（s） 正视/直视某人 keep an eye on sb./sth. 照看某人/某物 have an eye for sth. 对某物有鉴赏力 ⑯splendid /ˈsplendɪd/ adj. 壮丽的 ⑰permafrost /ˈpɜ:məfrɒst/ n.[U] 永久冻土层 ⑱Tibetan antelopes 藏羚羊 Tibetan /tɪˈbet（ə）n/ adj. 西藏的 antelope /ˈæntɪləʊp/ n.[C] 羚羊 ⑲at （one’s） leisure 从容不迫地；空闲时 leisure /ˈleʒə/ n.[U] 空闲，闲暇 ⑳passage n.[C] 熟词生义 通道，走廊 ㉑speed vi. 快速前行 vt. 加速，促进（sped/speeded, sped/speeded） 搭配 speed by （时间）很快地过去 speed （…） up （使……）加速 ㉒wetland /ˈwetlənd/ n. [C,U] 湿地，沼泽地 联想 grassland /ˈɡrɑ:slænd/ n.[U，C] 草原，草地，草场 ㉓length n.[U,C] 长,长度 ㉔fly by 快速移动；（时光）飞逝 ㉕be located at… 位于……；坐落在…… 词链 locate （vt. 使坐落于……；把……安置在；找出……的准确位置）—located（adj. 位于）—location（n.[C] 地点，位置;[U] 定位） ㉖changeable weather 多变的天气 changeable /ˈtʃeɪndʒəbl/ adj. 可能变化的，易变的，常变的 ㉗UV （ultraviolet） radiation 紫外线辐射 radiation /ˌreɪdiˈeɪʃ（ə）n/ n.[U] 辐射 ㉘present vt. 熟词生义 使发生，使经历 ㉙reach out 伸出手去 ㉚pale blue 淡蓝色的 pale adj. 浅色的,淡色的 ㉛mirror-like /ˈmɪrəˌlaɪk/ adj. 如镜面般的 ㉜wander /ˈwɒndə/ vt.& vi. 徘徊，漫游，游荡，闲逛 形近 wonder vt.& vi. 想知道 n.[U] 惊叹；[C]奇观 ㉝scenery /ˈsi:nəri/ n.[U] 风景,景色 ㉞bring…to life 使……更有趣，使……更生动 拓展 come to life 变得更有趣（或使人兴奋）,变得活跃; （仿佛活着）开始动起来（不用于被动语态） ㉟Qinghai-Tibet Plateau /ˈplætəʊ/ 青藏高原（世界上海拔最高的高原） ㊱admiration n.[U]钦佩，赞赏 (1) (2) 课文语篇结构 【答案】1.concerns 2.Challenges and solutions 3.allow the animals to move 4.healthy 5.construction waste 【即学即练】 一．课文语法填空 　1　(sit) back in my seat, I’m so excited that I’m about to travel along the railway that was called “impossible” by many foreign experts. The train runs fast and 　2　(steady) across the “roof of the world”.  It took years to build the Qinghai-Xizang Railway,　3　 is a record of all of Chinese people’s efforts to overcome the most difficult challenges. The first landmark 　4　(catch) my eye is the Qingshuihe Bridge. To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges 　5　(build) between Golmud and Lhasa. Located at over 5,000 metres above sea level, Tanggula Station 　6　(be) the highest railway station in the world. Several oxygen-making stations were constructed to make people stay 　7　(health). As we pass Cuona Lake, a sense of pride and 　8　(achieve) wells up in my heart. Along the lake we built a twenty-kilometre wall to protect the lake 　9　 construction waste.  I’m proud that we built our “impossible” railway. It truly is 　10　 extraordinary “Sky Railway”.  1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　  1.【答案】Sitting　 【解析】考查现在分词。分析句子可知,“　1　(sit) back in my seat”在句中作状语,sit与其逻辑主语I之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词形式作状语。   2.【答案】steadily　 【解析】考查副词。设空处与前面的fast并列,修饰动词runs,因此用副词形式。 3.【答案】which　 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:青藏铁路历时数年建成,它记录了全中国人民克服最困难的挑战的努力。设空处无提示词,空前的句子意思完整,不缺成分,与后面的句子用逗号隔开,且空后句子缺少主语,由此可推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词是the Qinghai-Xizang Railway,指物,设空处在从句中作主语,应用which引导该从句。 4.【答案】to catch　 【解析】考查不定式。分析句子可知,该句中已有be动词is,故此处应用非谓语动词。这里表示“第一个吸引我注意的地标是清水河大桥”,名词landmark前面有序数词first修饰,故此处应用不定式作后置定语。 5.【答案】were built　 【解析】考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意:为了防止对湿地和草原的破坏,格尔木和拉萨之间修建了675座桥梁。 本句叙述的是过去发生的事情,且675 bridges与build之间是被动关系,故应用一般过去时的被动语态;主语675 bridges表示复数概念,故填were built。 6.【答案】is　 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:唐古拉站位于海拔五千多米处,是世界上海拔最高的火车站。此处表示客观事实,应用一般现在时,主语Tanggula Station表示单数意义,故填is。 7.【答案】healthy　 【解析】考查形容词。由空前的连系动词stay可知,此处应用形容词构成系表结构。 8.【答案】achievement　 【解析】考查名词。and为并列连词, 连接前后两个并列成分,句中and前面为名词pride,故后面也应该用名词achievement。 9.【答案】from　 【解析】考查介词。protect...from...意为“保护……免受……”。 10.【答案】an　 【解析】考查冠词。句意:这确实是一条非凡的“天路”。此处表示泛指,且 extraordinary 以元音音素开头,故本空应用不定冠词an。 二．单句语法填空 1.Since the project began, wildlife populations have been increased　　　　　(steady).   2.It was the geologist’s story that brought the class 　　　　　life immediately.  2.Traffic doesn’t stop 　　　　　(mass) mammals like moose and bears from crossing highways.  4.Since nuclear-contaminated water was poured into the sea, how to protect the ecological environment has been among the top 　　　　(concern).  5.When 　　　　　(wander) through his neighborhood, Rick Nahmias noticed all the unpicked fruits on the trees and considered how he could make the best of them.   6.She explains we are at a “tipping point” in history and must act now　　　　　(prevent) an extinction-level event for humanity.  1.【答案】steadily　 【解析】考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰increased,应用副词形式,故填steadily。 2.【答案】to　 【解析】考查介词。bring...to life为固定短语,意为“使……更生动;使苏醒”。 3.【答案】massive　 【解析】考查形容词。句意:路上行驶的车辆并不能阻止如驼鹿和熊那样的巨大的哺乳动物穿过公路。本空修饰名词mammals,表示“巨大的”,应用形容词massive。 4.【答案】concerns　 【解析】考查名词复数。句意:自从核污水被排入海洋,如何保护生态环境就成了最受关注的问题之一。among the top concerns意为“最受关注的问题之一”。 5.【答案】wandering　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当Rick Nahmias在附近闲逛时,他注意到树上所有未摘的水果,并考虑如何充分利用它们。分析句子可知,此处是状语从句的省略,完整形式为:When he was wandering through his neighborhood,省略了“主语+be”,故填wandering。 6.【答案】to prevent　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:她解释说,我们正处于历史的“转折点”,现在必须采取行动,防止人类发生灭绝级事件。设空处作目的状语,应用动词不定式形式,故填to prevent。 三.选词填空(其中有一项多余) catch one’s eye;thanks to;at one’s leisure;reach out;make sure;such as 　　If you are 1.　　　　　　, I recommend you to travel to Beijing. It has many attractions 2.　　　　　　 the Summer Palace and the Great Wall, which are sure to 3.　　　　　　. To 4.　　　　　　 that you have a successful trip, you’d better make adequate preparations. 5.　　　　　　 convenient transportation, you can have easy access to many places. I think the trip will leave a deep impression on you.  1.at your leisure　2.such as　3.catch your eye 4.make sure　5.Thanks to 四．完成句子 1.众所周知,竹子很结实,所以经常被用来建造房屋和桥梁。(so...that...) It is known to us all that　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 it is often used to build houses and bridges.  2.戴维闭着眼睛,咬着嘴唇,皱着眉头,考虑着他是否应该参加越野赛跑。(疑问词+不定式) David closed his eyes,bit his lip and frowned,thinking about 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　the cross-country run or not. 3.它高高地傲然耸立着,枝丫向外伸展,仿佛要拥抱天空。(with的复合结构;reach) It stood tall and proud, 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　as if to embrace the sky.  【答案】1.bamboo is so strong that 2.whether to take part in 3.with its branches reaching out 考点二 Unit 6　Nurturing nature 课文解读2 Developing ideas 原文呈现 THE BEST JOB IN THE WORLD 1 How would you like to spend six months living on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef ① ?The working hours are flexible and accommodation is provided ② .Key duties include exploring the islands of the reef and finding out what the area has to offer（两个并列的动词-ing短语作include的宾语，其中包含一个what引导的宾语从句。） .You’ll need to report back via ③ weekly blogs,photo diaries and video updates. You’ll also be asked to promote the islands through newspapers, magazines and TV interviews. 2.This call for an island caretaker ④ attracted interest from all over the world.It was actually a very clever means ⑤ to highlight the importance of ⑥ the Great Barrier Reef and the need to protect it. 3.Located off the coast ⑦ of North-east Australia,the Great Barrier Reef is the largest living thing on the planet.About the size of Japan, it even can be seen from outer space. More than 25 million years old,the Great Barrier Reef is made up of（[近义]consist of、be composed of） living coral growing on dead coral（动词-ing短语作后置定语。）.It is host to ⑧ many species of birds and sea creatures. But this unique and delicate place is now under threat from ⑨ pollution and climate change. 4 To get this job,the candidates ⑩ had to make a short video showing how much they knew about the reef（动词-ing结构作后置定语，修饰a short video, 其中包含一个how引导的宾语从句。）.They also needed to prove why they were the best person to do the job. Out of the thousands of applicants ⑪ ,eleven were selected,including a young woman from China. Eventually,the job was offered to Ben Southall from the UK. 5. Ben did a lot during his time as an island caretaker.In addition to ⑫ blogging,taking photos and writing articles about the reef,he made a number of appearances ⑬ on television to argue in favour of ⑭ its defence ⑮ .He also worked as a presenter ⑯ for the National Geographic Channel,before going on to write a book about his experiences. Ben later joked that the job should have been advertised ⑰ not as the "best", but the "busiest job in the world"（that在此引导宾语从句，作joked的宾语，该宾语从句中，should have been advertised属于"情态动词+have done"结构;该从句中还含有"not…but…"结构，表示"不是……而是……"。）! 6. Whether it was a genuine ⑱ job offer or an eye-catching ⑲ marketing ⑳ event isn’t really important.The most important thing was that people all over the world became aware of the beauty of the ocean in the area. What’s more,they came to ㉑ understand the delicatebalance that the environment exists in（that引导的定语从句，修饰the delicate balance。）and what can,and must, be done to protect the reef（what引导的宾语从句，与 the delicate balance并列作understand的宾语。）.That way,it will remain a safe habitat for wildlife,as well as a dream destination ㉒ for the millions of tourists who visit it each year. 全世界最好的工作 1 你觉得在岛上生活6个月，照看大堡礁怎么样？工作时间灵活，提供住宿。主要职责包括探索礁岛，了解该地区都有些什么。你将要通过每周博客、照片日记和视频更新汇报工作。你还要通过报纸、杂志和电视采访宣传这些岛屿。 2. 这场对于岛屿管理员的号召引起了全世界的兴趣。这确实是一种强调大堡礁的重要性和保护它的必要性的非常高明的手段。 3. 大堡礁位于澳大利亚东北部近海处，是地球上最大的生物。大堡礁的面积与日本（的国土面积）大致相当，甚至从外太空都能看到它。它有着2 500多万年的历史，由生长在死珊瑚上的活珊瑚组成。众多鸟类和海洋生物栖息于此。然而，这个独特又脆弱的地方正在遭受污染和气候变化带来的威胁。 4 要得到这份工作，候选人必须制作一个短片，展示他们对于大堡礁了解多少。他们还需要证明为什么自己是做这项工作的最佳人选。在数以千计的申请人当中，11人被选中，其中包括一名来自中国的年轻女性。最终，来自英国的本·索撒尔获得了这份工作。 5. 本在做岛屿管理员期间做了很多事情。除了写博客、拍照和撰写有关大堡礁的文章以外，他还多次在电视上露面，为保护大堡礁辩护。他也是国家地理频道的主持人，随后还着手写了一本关于个人经历的书。本后来开玩笑说，这份工作不应宣传为"最好的"，而应是"世界上最繁忙的工作"！ 6. 不管这是一个真正的工作机会，还是一场吸引眼球的营销活动，其实都不重要。最重要的是，世界各地的人开始意识到这片地区的海洋是多么美丽。此外，他们开始意识到环境存在于微妙的平衡之中，以及人们可以，并且必须做些什么来保护大堡礁。那样,它将会继续成为野生动物的安全栖息地和每年来此参观的数百万游客的梦想目的地。 课文重点词汇 ①Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁 ②provide accommodation 提供住处 ③via /ˈvaɪə/ prep.通过（某人、某机器等）传送（某物）；借助于 ④caretaker /ˈkeəteɪkə（r）/ n.[C]管理员，看管人，看门人；照看人，监护人，护理人员 ⑤means n.[C]（单复数同形）方法，手段，工具 搭配 means to do sth./means of doing sth.做某事的方法 ⑥highlight the importance of… 强调……的重要性 ⑦off the coast 临近海岸#1.7 ⑧be host to…（=be home to…）是……的栖息地 host n.[C]熟词生义 栖息地，生物的生长地 ⑨under threat from… 处于……的危险中,受到来自……的威胁 face/meet a threat 面临/应对威胁 拓展 "under+抽象名词"表示"受……影响"。 ⑩candidate /ˈkændɪdeɪt/ n.[C]申请者，候选人 ⑪applicant /ˈæplɪkənt/ n.[C]申请人 ⑫in addition to… 除……之外 比较 in addition 此外（=what’s more/moreover/besides/further） ⑬appearance n.[C]公开露面，演出，出庭；抵达，到来；[C,U]外貌，外表 词链 appear（linking verb. 显得 vi. 出现；首次使用）—appearance（n.）— disappear（vi. 消失）—disappearance（n.[U,C]消失） ⑭in favour of… 支持……,赞同…… favour /ˈfeɪvə/ n.[U]支持,赞同 ⑮defence n.[C,U]辩护，维护；[U]保护，防护 ⑯presenter /prɪˈzentə（r）/ n.[C]（广播、电视）节目主持人；演讲人,发言人 TV presenter 电视节目主持人 conference presenter 会议发言人 ⑰advertise /ˈædvətaɪz/ vt.& vi.（为……）做广告（宣传） ⑱genuine /ˈdʒenjuɪn/ adj.真的，真正的 ⑲eye-catching adj.引人注目的 构词法 eye-catching是由"名词+动词-ing"构成的复合形容词。类似的词还有peace- loving（爱好和平的）、time-saving（节省时间的）等。 ⑳marketing /ˈmɑ:kɪtɪŋ/ n.[U]营销，销售,促销 ㉑come to do sth. 开始做某事 ㉒a dream destination 梦寐以求的目的地 大堡礁是世界上最大、最长的珊瑚礁群。它纵贯澳洲的东北沿海，北起托雷斯海峡，南至南回归线以南，绵延伸展约2 000千米，最宽处约160千米。大堡礁包含2 900个珊瑚礁，自然景观非常独特。大堡礁在1981年被列入《世界遗产名录》。 大堡礁的南端离海岸最远约有240千米，北端最近处离海岸仅16千米。在落潮时部分珊瑚礁露出水面形成珊瑚岛。在礁群与海岸之间是一条极方便的海路。风平浪静时，游船在此间通过，船下连绵不绝、多姿多彩的珊瑚就成为吸引世界各地游客来观赏的最佳海底奇观。 【即学即练】 一．课文语法填空 There is a 　1　 (various) of jobs in the world and everyone wants the best one. But have you thought about 　2　(spend) 6 months living on an island and looking after the Great Barrier Reef, 　3　 is home to many sea creatures? With the development of our society, 　4　 is more necessary to highlight the importance of protecting the Reef. To get this job, 　5　(candidate) have to send their videos showing they are the best person 　6　 (do) it. At the same time, they should do 　7　 (good) in writing blogs, taking photos and writing articles to be 　8　 favour of the protection of the Reef. In a word, 　9　 you will do is to make 　10　 (globe) people aware of the importance of keeping the beauty of the ocean.   1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　   6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　  1.【答案】variety　 【解析】考查名词。句意:世界上有各种各样的工作,每个人都想要最好的。根据空前的a和后面的介词of可知要使用名词形式,构成短语a variety of。 2.【答案】spending　 【解析】考查动名词。句意:但你有没有想过在一个岛上生活6个月,照顾许多海洋生物的家园——大堡礁?设空处作前面介词about的宾语,需用动名词形式,故填spending。 3.【答案】which　 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。设空处无提示词,空前有逗号,逗号前面的句子意思完整,不缺成分,逗号后的句子缺少主语,故推测设空处引导非限制性定语从句。先行词为the Great Barrier Reef,指物,故应用which。 4.【答案】it　 【解析】考查代词。分析句子可知,此处为“it is+adj.+to do sth.”句式,it作形式主语,不定式短语“to highlight the importance of protecting the Reef”为真正的主语。 5.【答案】candidates　 【解析】考查名词的复数。设空处为本句的主语,根据空后的have可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。 6.【答案】to do　 【解析】考查不定式。句意:为了得到这份工作,求职者必须发送他们的视频,证明他们是做这份工作的最佳人选。设空处修饰前面的the best person,应用不定式作后置定语。 7.【答案】well　 【解析】考查副词。句意:与此同时,他们应该擅长写博客、拍照和写文章,以支持保护大堡礁。设空处修饰前面的动词do,构成动词短语“do well in”,表示“擅长……”。故填well。 8.【答案】in　 【解析】考查介词。in favour of为固定短语,意为“支持,赞成”。 9.【答案】what　 【解析】考查主语从句。句意:总之,你要做的就是让全球的人们意识到保持海洋美丽的重要性。设空处引导主语从句,又因从句中的谓语动词do缺少宾语,表示“你要做的事情”,故填what。 10.【答案】global　 【解析】考查形容词。设空处修饰后面的名词people,应用形容词形式,故填global。 二．单句语法填空 1.Her 　　　　　(apply) for a position in the company was declined, which made her very upset.  2.I am not only enthusiastic but also easy to get along with, which makes me 　　　　　 (qualify) for the voluntary work.  3.The natural habitat of some wildlife worldwide is 　　　　　 threat from human activities.  4.Something that is 　　　　　 (negotiate) can be changed or agreed upon when people discuss it.   5.The company’s 　　　　　(advertise) is spreading false information with the purpose of tricking customers into buying their products.  6.With joint efforts, more 　　　　　(favour) measures have been generated to protect the endangered animals from dying out.  7.The key to catching the minds of your friends and colleagues is to be familiar with their 　　　　　 (prefer).  1.【答案】application　 【解析】考查名词。句意:她向那家公司申请职位被拒绝了,这使她非常沮丧。本空作主语,被形容词性物主代词Her修饰,应用名词形式,此处表示“申请”,故填application。 2.【答案】qualified　 【解析】考查形容词。句意:我不仅热情而且容易相处,这使我有资格做这项志愿工作。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构,设空处作宾语补足语,对宾语me进行补充说明,应用形容词qualified,意为“有资格的”。 3.【答案】under　 【解析】考查介词。句意:全世界一些野生动物的自然栖息地正受到来自人类活动的威胁。under threat意为“受到威胁”,故填under。 4.【答案】negotiable　 【解析】考查形容词。句意:能够协商的事情可以在人们讨论时改变或达成一致。根据空前的系动词is可知,设空处应用形容词作表语,此处表示“可协商的”,故填negotiable。 5.【答案】advertisement　 【解析】考查名词。句意:这家公司的广告散布虚假信息,目的是诱使顾客购买他们的产品。此处作主语,应用名词形式,且根据空后is可知应用单数形式,故填advertisement。 6.【答案】favourable　 【解析】考查形容词。句意:在大家的共同努力下,已经形成了更多有利的措施来保护濒危动物免于灭绝。设空处修饰名词measures,表示“有利的”,故填favourable。 7.【答案】preference(s)　 【解析】考查名词。句意:抓住你的朋友和同事的思想的关键是熟悉他们的喜好。形容词性物主代词后接名词,此处preference可用作可数名词,意为“偏爱的事物;最喜爱的东西”,也可用作不可数名词,意为“爱好;喜好”。 三．完成句子 1.我写这封信,希望您能够在即将到来的面试中帮助我。(favour) I’m writing this letter, hoping that 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　with my coming interview.  2.这一活动旨在强调吃肉和奶制品作为均衡健康饮食的一部分的重要性。(highlight) This campaign is aimed at 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 meat and dairy products as part of a balanced and healthy diet.  3.What do you think of taking a trip to the mountains on the weekend?(句型转换) →　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 　　　　 to take a trip to the mountains on the weekend?   【答案】1.you can do me a favour2.highlighting the importance of eating 3.How would you like 考点三 课文知识解析 1.put into operation投入运行；(使)施行；(使)实行；(使)生效 (教材P62)　In which year was the completed Qinghai­Tibet Railway put into operation? 建成的青藏铁路是哪一年投入运行的？ Over the next year，Beijing will put into operation three new mass transit lines.明年一年，北京三条新的主要运输线将投入运营。 [知识拓展] put into practice 实施；实行；实践 put into effect 实施(计划)；实现(想法) put into prison 关进监狱；监禁；投入监狱 put into use 投入使用；使用，利用 1.among the top concerns最重要的事情之一 (教材P63)　How to protect the delicate ecosystem was among the top concerns.如何保护(这里)脆弱的生态系统是人们最关心的问题之一。 As we know，these issues are now among the top concerns for public health in every region of the world. 众所周知，这些问题现已成为世界各地公共卫生领域最令人关注的问题。 [知识拓展] (1)express concern for sb. 表达对某人的关心 concern oneself about/for... 为……担心 (2)be concerned about/for... 对……担忧/忧虑 be concerned with... 与……有关的 (3)as far as sb. is concerned 就某人而言 3.catch one's eye引起某人注意；引人瞩目 (教材P63)　The first landmark to catch my eye is the splendid Qingshuihe Bridge，the world's longest bridge built over permafrost. 第一个吸引我眼球的地标是壮丽的清水河大桥，世界上最长的建在永久冻土层上的桥。 The beautiful flowers catch my eye when I am crossing the city garden.当我穿过城市花园的时候，那些美丽的鲜花吸引了我的目光。 [知识拓展] keep an eye on 注意，留意 have a good eye for 对……有眼光/鉴赏力 look sb. in the eye 直视(正视)某人 4.at one's leisure 空闲时 (教材P63)　A group of Tibetan antelopes is moving under the bridge，with some stopping to eat grass at their leisure.一群藏羚羊正从桥下通过，有几只停下来在从容地吃草。 He could read all the national papers at his leisure.空闲时他可以阅读所有的全国性报纸。 [知识拓展] at one's best 某人处于最佳状态 at one's convenience 在某人方便的时候 at one's service 听凭某人吩咐 at one's heels 紧跟在……后面 5.reach out伸出(手) (教材P63)　Cuona Lake is so close to the railway that I want to reach out and touch its pale blue mirror­like surface. 措那湖离铁路那么近，因此我想伸手去触摸它那淡蓝色的如镜的湖面。 I could almost reach out and grab it right then and there.当时在那儿我几乎伸手就能把它抓住了。 [知识拓展] reach out to sb. 向某人提供帮助 reach an agreement 达成协议 out of/beyond one's reach 某人够不到 within one's reach/within the reach of sb.在某人可以承受的范围内 6.　(教材P63)　Water birds playing in the lake，and cattle and sheep wandering the grasslands bring the scenery to life. 湖中水鸟嬉戏，草原上牛羊漫步，使景色更加生动有趣。 (1)wander v．漫游；游荡；闲逛；徘徊；走神 Half way through the meeting my mind started to wander.会议开到了一半，我开始走神了。 [知识拓展] wander off 漫步；漫游；离群走散 wander about/around 徘徊；流浪；漫步 wander from 离题；离开；走神 (2)bring...(back)to life带给……生机；使复活；使苏醒了过来；使……更有趣 They brought the drowned swimmer back to life.他们使溺水的游泳者苏醒了过来。 [知识拓展] bring about　　 引起；使掉头 bring up 提出；教育；养育；呕吐 bring out 出版，生产；使显示；说出 bring in 引进；生产；增加 (3)scenery n．风景，景色；场面，景观 There is no scenery comparable to that of the West Lake.西湖之景无与伦比。 [名辨异同]　scenery/scene/sight/view scenery 指自然景色的全称，常用来描述静态的乡村景色； scene 指包含人的活动的风景，属于scenery的一部分； sight “风景，名胜”，常用复数形式，指人文景观； view 即指从某处所见的景色；也可指“观点、看法”。 7.be about to do sth. 将要做某事 (教材P62)　Sitting back in my seat，I can't quite believe that I'm about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”． 靠坐在座位上，我不太相信自己将要沿着这条许多外国专家断言“不可能建成”的铁路旅行。 句式分析：be about to do sth. 表示“将要做某事”，一般不与表示将来的具体的时间状语连用。它常与并列连词when构成 “be about to do sth....when...”句型，表示 “正要做某事，这时(突然)……”。 We are about to start off.我们就要出发了。 He was just about to stand up when the teacher came in.他刚要站起来，这时老师进来了。 [知识拓展] 将来时的其他表达法： (1)will/shall＋do：一般将来时最基本的表达方法，表示即将发生的动作，也可表示临时决定做某事。 (2)be going to do：表示打算、计划要做某事或有迹象表明要发生的动作。(3)be to do：表示预先安排好的计划或约定，也可表示注定要发生的事。 (4)现在进行时：表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，有此用法的动词多为go，come，leave等趋向性动词。 (5)一般现在时：表示按规定、时间表、日程安排要发生的动作，句中常常有时间状语，但只限于少数动词，如begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，return 等。 一．语法填空 A (2025河南信阳高级中学期中) Located in Ordos, North China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Kubuqi Desert (库布齐沙漠) is the 　1　 (close) desert to China􀆳s capital Beijing. It was once known as the “sea of death”. However, in the past 30 years, the government, social organizations and local farmers have worked together 　2　 (control) desertification (沙漠化)in the Kubuqi Desert.  Historically,Kubuqi was a rich city which 　3　 (fill) with water and grass. But due　4　 climate change and over-exploitation of humans, the number of the farmlands 　5　 (decline) and many farmlands turned into desert. 　6　 people still living in Kubuqi can only do is control desertification. With the first highway going through the desert built here, people started planting trees in 　7　 whole desert. It was common for planted trees to die. But the next year, people just continued to plant more trees. 　8　 (they) hard work inspired the term “Kubuqi spirit”, encouraging local people to devote themselves to the desert greatly. Over three decades, tree planting technology saw continuous 　9　 (develop) in Kubuqi. Now workers can plant a tree in just ten seconds, and the survival rate of trees is over 80 percent.  The 102,000 residents in the desert have enjoyed the benefits of managing with desertification. Meng Keda’s family has lived deep in the Kubuqi Desert for generations. And he began a tourism business in 2006, 　10　 (have) an income of 300,000 yuan last year.  1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　  6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　  语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于中国内蒙古自治区的库布齐沙漠的历史变迁、沙漠化控制工作以及当地居民如何从中受益的情况。 【高频词汇】　1.be known as被称为　2.decline vi.减少 3.devote oneself to致力于　4.continuous adj.持续的;连续的　5.survival n.存活,幸存　6.manage with sth.能解决(问题);应付(困难局面等) 1.【答案】closest　 【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意:库布齐沙漠位于中国北部的内蒙古自治区的鄂尔多斯市,是距离中国首都北京最近的沙漠。根据常识及空前的定冠词the可知,此处应用形容词最高级,故填closest。 2.【答案】to control　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:然而,在过去的30年里,政府、社会组织和当地农民共同努力,控制库布齐沙漠的沙漠化。设空处作目的状语,应用动词不定式形式,故填to control。 3.【答案】was filled　 【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:历史上,库布齐曾是一座水草丰茂的富饶之城。根据语境可知,此处描述过去的事情,应用一般过去时;which引导定语从句,修饰先行词city,city为单数,和动词fill之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态,故填was filled。 4.【答案】to　 【解析】考查介词。due to意为“因为,由于”,故填to。 5.【答案】declined　 【解析】考查时态。句意:但由于气候变化和人类过度开发,农田数量减少,许多农田变成了沙漠。本句中第二个and连接前后两个并列分句,根据第二个分句中的谓语turned可知,此处也应用一般过去时,故填declined。 6.【答案】What　 【解析】考查主语从句。句意:仍居住在库布齐的人们仅能做的是控制沙漠化。分析句子可知,“ 　6　 people still living in Kubuqi can only do”作主语,因此设空处引导主语从句,从句中缺少do的宾语,表示“能做的事情”,应用what引导主语从句,句首单词首字母应大写,故填What。  7.【答案】the　 【解析】考查冠词。设空处修饰名词,此处表示特指,应用定冠词the。 8.【答案】Their　 【解析】考查代词。设空处修饰名词短语hard work,应用形容词性物主代词作定语,设空处出现在句首,首字母应大写,故填Their。 9.【答案】development　 【解析】考查名词。设空处作动词saw的宾语,且被形容词continuous修饰,应用名词形式,故填development。 10.【答案】having　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语began,此处应用非谓语动词作状语。主语he和动词have之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,故填having。 B (2025辽宁七校期中联考) Yang Chunlin, a shutterbug (摄影迷) in Qinghai Province, visits a wetland bordering the Yellow River every October to meet his long-acquainted friends: whooper swans, the number of 　1　 now jumps to over 100 from 30 plus when he first came to the area. “The wetland provides 　2　 ideal living environment for whooper swans. The beautiful ‘swan lake’ has become a place for photography lovers 　3　 (hang) about,” Yang said.  Known as the “kidneys of the Earth”, wetlands can help safeguard biodiversity and cope 　4　 climate change. China’s wetlands conservation efforts have illustrated its genuine 　5　 (commit) to ensuring harmonious coexistence between humans and nature.  During the ongoing 14th Meeting of the Conference of the Contracting Parties to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands (COP14), 　6　 (hold) in Wuhan and Switzerland􀆳s Geneva, China called for enhancing people􀆳s well-being 　7　 (global) by leveraging (最优化使用) the role of wetlands in promoting 　8　 (sustain) development, tackling climate change, protecting biodiversity, and delivering more benefits to people around the world.  “Through a series of ecological protection actions, China 　9　 (demonstrate) the positive role of wetlands conservation in improving the living environment of humans, contributing more wisdom and solutions to 　10　 (build) a community of all life on Earth,” said Lei Guangchun, a professor at Beijing Forestry University.  1.　　　　　 2.　　　　　 3.　　　　　 4.　　　　　 5.　　　　　  6.　　　　　 7.　　　　　 8.　　　　　 9.　　　　　 10.　　　　　  语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国致力于湿地保护,致力于人与自然和谐相处,中国呼吁发挥湿地在促进可持续发展、应对气候变化、保护生物多样性方面的作用,增进全球人民福祉,让全球人民受益更多。 【高频词汇】　1.hang about闲荡,逗留　2.cope with(成功地)对付,处理　3.illustrate v.表明……真实;显示……存在　4.coexistence n.共存,共处　5.enhance vt.增强　6.tackle vt.处理 【熟词生义】　border 熟义:n.边界;国界　v.生义:与……接壤 1.【答案】which　 【解析】考查定语从句。句意:青海省的摄影爱好者杨春林每年10月都会去黄河边的湿地见见他的老朋友们:大天鹅。大天鹅的数量已经从他第一次来到这个地方时的三十多只猛增到了现在的一百多只。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词whooper swans,设空处作介词的宾语,指物,故填which。 2.【答案】an　 【解析】考查冠词。此处environment为泛指,且ideal的发音以元音音素开头,故填an。 3.to hang　考查非谓语动词。此处表示“美丽的‘天鹅湖’已经成为摄影爱好者闲逛的地方”,此处应用不定式作后置定语修饰place,故填to hang。 4.【答案】with　 【解析】考查介词。cope with意为“应对;处理”。故填with。 5.【答案】commitment　考查名词。设空处作宾语,且根据空前的形容词genuine和空后的介词to可知,此处应用名词形式,故填commitment。 6.【答案】held　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,本句已有谓语called for,故此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语。hold与前面的被修饰词组the ongoing 14th Meeting...(COP14)构成被动关系,应用过去分词形式,故填held。 7.【答案】globally　 【解析】考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰前面的enhancing,应用副词形式,故填globally。 8.【答案】sustainable　 【解析】考查形容词。设空处修饰名词development,表示“可持续的”,故填sustainable。 9.【答案】has demonstrated　考查时态和主谓一致。设空处充当谓语,此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响,应用现在完成时,主语为China,助动词用has,故填has demonstrated。 10.【答案】building　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处表示“通过一系列生态保护行动,中国展示了湿地保护在改善人类生存环境方面的积极作用,为建设地球上所有生命的社区贡献了更多的智慧和解决方案”,设空处作介词to的宾语,应用动名词形式,故填building。 二．阅读理解 A (2025黑龙江哈尔滨九中期中) The Olympic Games Paris 2024 is always impressive, but 2024 promised something extraordinary even before the games began — the seats you are sitting on! Made from locally recycled plastic, these seats are sustainability (可持续性) champions in their own right. The Olympic Games Paris 2024 made history in terms of sustainability, as 11,000 stadium seats made entirely from recycled plastic are used during the water sports. The plastic used for the seats was collected from recycling bins in the Seine-Saint-Denis neighborhood, and 80% of the 100 metric tons needed for the seats came from this area. The collected plastic was cut and torn into small pieces,processed and turned into new material by a local recycling firm called Le Pavé. After the base materials were produced into plastic seats with different colors, the seats have gone through numerous tests, including mechanical resistance, fire resistance, as well as UV resistance. The recycled plastic chairs proved to be strong and durable, with producers reporting no problems in the production process. The use of recycled plastic seats is part of France’s commitment to sustainability, with the goal of reducing carbon emissions by 50% compared to the 2012 and 2016 Games. Additionally, the city is working to fight against environment worsening by making the Seine River swimmable for the first time in decades, in an effort to host the triathlon (铁人三项) there. The recycled plastic seats not only promote sustainability but also raise awareness of waste recycling, with children being encouraged to throw their plastic bottles into appropriate bins. 1.What is special about the seats for the Olympic Games Paris 2024? A.They are made from recycled plastic. B.They are produced from local raw materials. C.They won the championship in a competition. D.They are dropped in recycling bins after being used. 2.Where was the plastic for the seats mostly collected from? A.Recycling firms.　 B.Local recycling bins. C.All over France.　 D.International suppliers. 3.What do the numerous tests mainly show in paragraph 3? A.The advantages of the seats.　 B.The production process of the seats. C.The difficulty of producing the seats.　 D.The classification of the plastic seats. 4.What is one of the goals of using recycled plastic seats at the Olympic Games Paris 2024? A.To create continued economic growth.　 B.To reduce sustainability. C.To attract more attention to the games.　 D.To cut carbon emissions. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了2024年巴黎奥运会的座椅使用可回收塑料制成,不仅促进了其可持续性,还提高了人们对废物回收的认识。 【高频词汇】　1.impressive adj.令人赞叹的;给人印象深刻的　2.in one’s own right凭自身的资格(或努力) 3.in terms of就……而言　4.tear sth. into pieces把某物撕碎　5.resistance n.抗力;抵抗力　6.in an effort to do sth. 努力做某事　7.appropriate adj.合适的 1.【答案】A　 【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Made from locally recycled plastic, these seats are sustainability champions in their own right.”可知,2024年巴黎奥运会的座椅特别之处在于它们是由可回收塑料制成的。故选A。 2.【答案】B　 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The plastic used for the seats was collected from recycling bins in the Seine-Saint-Denis neighborhood, and 80% of the 100 metric tons needed for the seats came from this area.”可知,制作这些座椅的塑料主要来自回收垃圾箱。故选B。 3.【答案】A　 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“After the base materials...in the production process.(基材生产成不同颜色的塑料座椅后,座椅经过多次测试,包括机械性能、防火性能和抗紫外线性能。事实证明,回收的塑料椅子坚固耐用,生产商称在生产过程中没有出现问题)”可知,这些测试主要显示了座椅的优点。故选A。 4.【答案】D　 【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The use of recycled plastic seats is part of France’s commitment to sustainability, with the goal of reducing carbon emissions by 50% compared to the 2012 and 2016 Games.”可知,使用可回收塑料座椅的目的是减少碳排放。故选D。 B (2025山东烟台期中) If you’re looking for something fun to do, pack a picnic dinner and take your family or friends to a beautiful place to eat. However, there’s a wrong trend—viewing picnics as an excuse for transporting food in single-use plastic containers. Sure, it means the clean-up is easy at the moment, but it just puts it off to a later point, when it takes the form of the volunteer clean-up and landfill management.　1　 What follows is advice on how to pack such a picnic.   •Use food containers wisely Using reusable containers is the easiest way to reduce waste.　2　 For example, to reduce packaging, you can take along things like a loaf of bread, a whole watermelon, whole vegetables, a knife and a board to cut your food when you’re ready to eat. These things don’t have to be done and sealed before you leave the house.  •Choose real cutlery(餐具) Using washable dishes and cutlery for a picnic does not require much more work than single-use ones. You’d have to carry the waste out anyway in a trash bag, so why not pack your dirty plates and cutlery into a bag and put them in the dishwasher at home? 　3　  •Think about the drinks Forget the single-use, single-serve drink bottles.　4　 Fill large thermoses(保温瓶) or personal water bottles with water, juice or lemonade at home. Compared with a single-use plastic cup, they have the added advantage of keeping your drinks cold for longer.  •Put cloth bags to good use Cloth bags are amazing. I use them for so much more than just buying food at the store. They􀆳re perfect for packing sandwiches, dried or fresh fruit, and other snack foods. You can use them to pack glasses or plates to prevent breaking. They can also work as a napkin, tea towel, or garbage bag if needed. 　5　  A.Be sure to add a few to your picnic basket. B.There are some healthy dishes you can make or buy. C.To avoid this, a plastic-free picnic can be a brilliant idea. D.Instead, just bring along a tablecloth to spread on the ground. E.If you’re worried about breaking, take some light camping plates. F.These create a huge amount of waste, which can be easily avoided. G.In addition, keep in mind that you don’t have to pre-pack everything. 1.　　　 2.　　　 3.　　　 4.　　　 5.　　　  语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无塑料野餐,并给出了具体的建议。 【高频词汇】　1.pack v.包裹;收拾(行李)　2.trend n.趋势,趋向　3.excuse n.借口　4.transport v.运输 5.put...to good use有效使用(或利用)　6.brilliant adj.很好的;聪颖的;巧妙的 1.【答案】C　 【解析】过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语义结构为:当然,这意味着目前的清理工作很容易,但这只是把它推迟到下个节点,那时候它表现为志愿者清理和垃圾填埋管理的形式。→　1　→以下是关于如何打包这样的野餐的建议。C项“为了避免这种情况,无塑料野餐是一个很好的主意。”承上启下,符合语境。   2.【答案】G　 【解析】细节句。下文“For example, to reduce packaging, you can take along things like a loaf of bread, a whole watermelon, whole vegetables, a knife and a board to cut your food when you􀆳re ready to eat.”在举例说明如何减少包装,所以设空处的内容应该和包装有关。G项“此外,记住,你不必预先打包所有的东西。”能够引起下文,符合语境。 3.【答案】E　 【解析】细节句。设空处上文提到,无论如何,你都得把垃圾装进垃圾袋里带走,所以为什么不把脏盘子和餐具装进袋子里,然后把它们放进家里的洗碗机里呢?E项“如果你担心打碎(盘子),带一些轻的露营盘子。”承接上文,进一步补充说明人们自带餐具可能会产生的担忧,并给出了解决措施。 4.【答案】F　 【解析】过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语义结构为:放弃那些一次性使用、一次性服务的饮料瓶。→　4　→在家里把大保温瓶或个人水瓶装满水、果汁或柠檬味汽水。与一次性塑料杯相比,它们还有额外的优势,可以让你的饮料保持更长时间的低温。F项“这些造成大量的浪费,这是能够很容易避免的。”承上启下,符合语境。F项中的These指代上文提到的single-use, single-serve drink bottles。   5.【答案】A　 【解析】细节句。设空处上文提到它们非常适合包装三明治、干果或新鲜水果以及其他零食。你可以用它们来包装杯子或盘子,以防止破碎。如果需要的话,它们也可以用作餐巾、茶巾或垃圾袋。由此可知,这是在讲述布袋的益处。A项“一定要在你的野餐篮子里加几个。”是对上文的补充,讲完益处之后讲对应的做法。 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $