暑假自学课第1讲现在完成时+现在完成进行时（讲义）-2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

新初三暑假自学课 外研2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第1讲 现在完成时 · 现在完成进行时 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新九年级（八升九） ⊙ 教材版本：外研2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：系统复习现在完成时的用法，学习现在完成进行时的结构与区别，掌握since/for/already/yet/ever/never的搭配 Part 1 温故知新 —— 现在完成时基础回顾 一、现在完成时的构成 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 have/has + 过去分词 I have seen this film. 否定句 haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 She hasn't come yet. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词? Have you ever been to Beijing? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词? How long have you lived here? 二、现在完成时的核心用法 1. “已完成”：过去发生的动作对现在有影响 例：I have lost my key.（现在钥匙丢了，进不了门） 2. “未完成”：从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 例：I have lived here for ten years.（现在还住这里） 3. “经历”：过去某时发生过的事情（ever/never） 例：Have you ever been to the Great Wall? 三、重要时间标志词 标志词 用法 already 肯定句中（"已经"） yet 疑问句（"已经"）/否定句（"还"） ever / never ever曾经（疑问句）/ never从未（否定含义） just / before just刚刚（肯定句）/ before以前（句尾） since / for since + 时间点 / for + 时间段 热身练习：用 already, yet, ever, never, just, since, for 填空 1. I have ______ finished my homework. I can play now. 2. Have you ______ been to Shanghai? — No, never. 3. She hasn't come back ______. 4. He has lived here ______ 2018. 5. They have known each other ______ five years. 6. I have ______ heard the good news! Part 2 习新知法 —— 现在完成进行时与时态辨析 一、现在完成进行时——结构与用法 现在完成进行时是九年级的重要语法点，表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作。 1. 结构：have/has + been + doing 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 have/has + been + doing I have been reading for two hours. 否定句 haven't/hasn't + been + doing She hasn't been feeling well lately. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + been + doing? Have you been waiting long? 2. 核心用法 ① 表示从过去持续到现在的动作（可能仍在进行） 例：I have been studying English since 2020. ② 表示刚刚结束并产生结果的动作 例：Your eyes are red. Have you been crying? ③ 表示一段时间内反复发生的动作 例：He has been visiting us every weekend. 3. 与现在完成时的对比 对比维度 现在完成时 现在完成进行时 侧重点 强调“结果/完成” 强调“持续/过程” 例句1 I have read the book.（读完了） I have been reading the book.（还在读） 例句2 She has painted the room.（刷完了） She has been painting the room.（还在刷） 状态动词 可用：I have known him. 不可用：I have been knowing him. ✗ 关键区别口诀： 完成时强调“做完了”，完成进行时强调“一直在做” How long 问持续 → 两种时态都可以 状态动词（know/love/hate/belong等）→ 只用完成时 时态对比练习：用现在完成时或现在完成进行时填空 1. I ______ (read) three books this month. 2. She ______ (wait) for the bus for 30 minutes. 3. They ______ (build) the bridge since last year. 4. He ______ (write) five emails this morning. 5. We ______ (live) here since 2020. 6. Your hands are dirty. What ______ you ______ (do)? 7. I ______ (know) him for a long time. 8. She ______ (study) English for three hours. 二、since 与 for 的深层用法 since 和 for 是现在完成时和完成进行时的核心时间标志： 1. since + 时间点/从句 since 2020 / since last year / since I was 10 since + 一般过去时从句：I have lived here since I was born. 2. for + 时间段 for two years / for three hours / for a long time for + 一段时间：She has been sleeping for 8 hours. 3. 对since/for提问用How long How long have you been learning English? — For five years. / — Since 2021. since/for练习：用since或for填空 1. I have known her ______ three years. 2. They have lived here ______ 2019. 3. She has been sleeping ______ 10 o'clock. 4. We have been waiting ______ an hour. 5. He has worked at this school ______ he moved here. 三、短暂动词和延续性动词的转换 在现在完成时中，短暂动词（buy/leave/join等）不能与for/since连用，需要转换为延续性动词： 短暂动词 延续性动词 buy → have I have had the book for a week. leave → be away He has been away for three days. join → be in/be a member of She has been in the club since 2022. borrow → keep You have kept the book for two months. die → be dead The old man has been dead for ten years. begin/start → be on The film has been on for 20 minutes. 动词转换练习：改错 1. I have bought this computer for two years. → ______ 2. He has left Shanghai since 2020. → ______ 3. She has joined the team for a year. → ______ 4. They have borrowed the money for months. → ______ 5. The meeting has begun for 30 minutes. → ______ Part 3 基础巩固 —— 现在完成时综合练习（不附答案） 一、单项选择 1. I have ______ been to the USA. I hope to go one day. A. ever B. never C. already D. just 2. She has ______ the book for two weeks. A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. kept 3. How long ______ you ______ English? A. have; been learning B. did; learn C. do; learn D. will; learn 4. They ______ each other since they were children. A. knew B. have known C. know D. will know 5. My father ______ to Beijing twice. A. has been B. has gone C. went D. goes 6. I'm tired. I ______ all morning. A. worked B. have been working C. work D. will work 7. She hasn't finished her homework ______. A. already B. just C. yet D. ever 8. This is the best film I ______ ever ______. A. have; seen B. did; see C. will; see D. had; seen 9. He has been ill ______ last Monday. A. for B. since C. in D. at 10. I ______ the window, so it's clean now. A. clean B. have cleaned C. am cleaning D. will clean 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I ______ (already, finish) my homework. 2. She ______ (not, come) back yet. 3. They ______ (live) here since 2018. 4. He ______ (just, leave) the office. 5. We ______ (be) friends for ten years. 6. I ______ (wait) for the bus since 8 o'clock. 7. She ______ (study) English for three hours. 8. They ______ (build) three schools in this area. 9. I ______ (know) him since we were in primary school. 10. He ______ (never, be) to Shanghai before. 三、句型转换 1. She has finished her work.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ her work yet. 2. They have lived here for ten years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ have they lived here? 3. He has already left.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ yet? 4. I have never been to Beijing.（改为肯定句） I ______ ______ been to Beijing. 5. She has been reading for two hours.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ has she been reading? Part 4 提高挑战 —— 时态综合运用（不附答案） 一、完形填空——时态语境 I'm Li Ming. I ______ in this city since I was born. I ______ at this school for three years. I ______ many good friends here. My best friend Zhang Wei and I ______ each other for five years. He ______ very helpful. He always ______ me with my studies. Right now, I ______ for my English exam. I ______ for two hours already. I think I ______ ready. (1) A. lived B. have lived C. was living D. live (2) A. studied B. study C. have studied D. am studying (3) A. make B. have made C. made D. am making (4) A. knew B. know C. have known D. will know (5) A. is B. was C. has been D. will be (6) A. helps B. helped C. has helped D. is helping (7) A. study B. studied C. am studying D. have been studying (8) A. studied B. have been studying C. study D. will study (9) A. am B. was C. will be D. have been 二、单句改错 1. He has went to Beijing twice. ______ → ______ 2. I have been knowing him for a long time. ______ → ______ 3. She has bought this computer since 2022. ______ → ______ 4. Have you ever gone to the Great Wall? ______ → ______ 5. He has been worked here for five years. ______ → ______ 三、翻译句子 1. 我学英语已经学了五年了。 I ______ ______ English for five years. 2. 他还没回来。 He ______ ______ back yet. 3. 你曾经去过长城吗？ ______ you ever ______ to the Great Wall? 4. 这本书我已经借了两周了。 I ______ ______ the book for two weeks. 5. 他一直在等公共汽车，等了半个小时了。 He ______ ______ ______ for the bus for 30 minutes. Part 5 本讲总结 现在完成时 vs 现在完成进行时 现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词 → “结果”或“经历”：I have finished my homework. 现在完成进行时：have/has + been + doing → “持续”或“刚刚结束”：I have been waiting for two hours. 核心区分： 完成时强调“做完了”；完成进行时强调“一直在做” since + 时间点 / for + 时间段 → 两个时态都可用 状态动词（know/have/like等）一般不用进行时 参考答案 Part 1 温故知新 — 热身练习 1. already 2. ever 3. yet 4. since 5. for 6. just Part 2 习新知法 时态对比练习 1. have read 2. has been waiting 3. have been building 4. has written 5. have lived 6. have; been doing 7. have known 8. has been studying since/for练习 1. for 2. since 3. since 4. for 5. since 动词转换改错 1. bought → had 2. left → been away 3. joined → been in 4. borrowed → kept 5. begun → been on Part 3 基础巩固 一、单项选择 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. B 二、用所给词填空 1. have already finished 2. hasn't come 3. have lived 4. has just left 5. have been 6. have been waiting 7. has been studying 8. have built 9. have known 10. has never been 三、句型转换 1. hasn't finished 2. How long 3. Has; left 4. have already 5. How long Part 4 提高挑战 一、完形填空 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. A 6. A 7. D 8. B 9. A 二、改错 1. went → gone 2. knowing → known (状态动词不用进行时) 3. has bought → has had (短暂动词不能与since连用) 4. gone → been (gone表“去了没回”) 5. been worked → been working (现在完成进行时) 三、翻译 1. have been learning / have studied 2. hasn't come 3. Have; been 4. have kept / have had 5. has been waiting 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $