暑假自学课第2讲被动语态（讲义）-2026-2027学年外研版英语九年级上册

新初三暑假自学课 外研2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第2讲 被动语态 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新九年级（八升九） ⊙ 教材版本：外研2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：系统复习被动语态的各种时态结构，掌握主动变被动的转换方法及特殊用法 Part 1 温故知新 —— 被动语态基础回顾 一、被动语态的基本结构 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，基本结构为： Subject + be + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 时态 主动语态 被动语态 一般现在时 People speak English. English is spoken by people. 一般过去时 Edison invented the bulb. The bulb was invented by Edison. 一般将来时 We will build a bridge. A bridge will be built. 情态动词 You must finish the work. The work must be finished. 二、主动变被动的三步法 第1步：把宾语提到句首做新主语 第2步：谓语改为 be + 过去分词 第3步：原主语前加 by（可省略） 热身练习：将下列句子改为被动语态 1. People grow tea in many countries. Tea ______ ______ in many countries. 2. The students cleaned the classroom. The classroom ______ ______ by the students. 3. We will hold a meeting tomorrow. A meeting ______ ______ tomorrow. 4. You can solve this problem easily. This problem ______ ______ solved easily. Part 2 习新知法 —— 被动语态核心考点精讲 一、各时态的被动语态 时态 被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are + 过去分词 一般过去时 was/were + 过去分词 一般将来时 will be + 过去分词 / am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 现在完成时 have/has been + 过去分词 情态动词 can/must/should + be + 过去分词 现在进行时 am/is/are being + 过去分词 1. 一般现在时被动 Rice is grown in the south. / These books are written for children. 2. 一般过去时被动 The car was invented in 1885. / They were invited to the party. 3. 一般将来时被动 The new school will be built next year. / The work is going to be finished soon. 4. 现在完成时被动（九年级重点！） 结构：have/has been + 过去分词 例：The work has been finished. / Many trees have been planted. 例：Has the letter been sent yet? 5. 含情态动词的被动 This problem must be solved. / The book can be found in the library. 各时态被动练习：用所给词的适当被动语态填空 1. English ______ (speak) in many countries. 2. The bridge ______ (build) in 2020. 3. A new hospital ______ (build) next year. 4. The work ______ (not, finish) yet. 5. Many trees ______ (plant) every year. 6. The window ______ (break) by the wind last night. 7. The classroom ______ (clean) by the students every day. 8. These books ______ (write) for children. 二、被动语态的否定和疑问句 否定句：在be动词后加not The work is not finished yet. / He was not invited. 一般疑问句：将be动词提前 Is English spoken in China? / Was the letter sent? 特殊疑问句：疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词 When was the computer invented? / Where is tea grown? 三、主动表被动的特殊情况 有些情况下，主动形式表示被动含义： 1. 感官动词（look/sound/taste/smell/feel）+ adj. The food tastes delicious. （食物被尝起来很美味） The music sounds beautiful. 2. 某些动词（sell/write/open/read）用主动表被动 This book sells well. （这书很畅销） The pen writes smoothly. （这支笔写起来顺滑） 3. need/want + doing = need/want + to be done The car needs repairing. = The car needs to be repaired. 主动表被动练习：选择正确形式 1. This kind of cloth ______ (washes / is washed) well. 2. The soup ______ (tastes / is tasted) good. 3. The house needs ______ (repairing / being repaired). 4. The new novel ______ (sells / is sold) well. 5. Your hair needs ______ (cutting / to be cut). Part 3 基础巩固 —— 被动语态综合练习（不附答案） 一、单项选择 1. The light bulb ______ by Thomas Edison. A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents 2. English ______ in many countries around the world. A. speaks B. is speaking C. is spoken D. spoke 3. A new hospital ______ in our town next year. A. will build B. will be built C. builds D. built 4. The work must ______ before Friday. A. finish B. be finished C. finished D. be finish 5. Many trees ______ here since 2020. A. planted B. were planted C. have been planted D. are planting 6. ______ the letter ______ by Tom yesterday? A. Was; written B. Is; written C. Did; write D. Has; written 7. This book ______ well. A. is sold B. sells C. sold D. has sold 8. The car needs ______. A. to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repairs 9. When ______ the telephone ______? A. was; invented B. is; invented C. did; invent D. has; invented 10. The classroom ______ every day. A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. is cleaning 二、用所给词的适当形式填空（注意语态） 1. Rice ______ (grow) in the south of China. 2. The new library ______ (build) last year. 3. The work ______ (not, finish) yet. 4. Many trees ______ (plant) every year on Tree Planting Day. 5. The problem ______ (solve) tomorrow. 6. The window ______ (break) by the boy yesterday. 7. This kind of machine ______ (make) in Germany. 8. All the books ______ (return) to the library already. 9. Tea ______ (grow) in many parts of China. 10. The child ______ (save) by the doctor last night. 三、按要求改写句子 1. People use computers widely.（改为被动语态） Computers ______ ______ by people. 2. We will finish the work tomorrow.（改为被动语态） The work ______ ______ tomorrow. 3. The letter was written by Tom.（改为否定句） The letter ______ ______ by Tom. 4. They have finished the project.（改为被动语态） The project ______ ______ finished. 5. The car was made in Japan.（改为一般疑问句） ______ the car ______ in Japan? Part 4 提高挑战 —— 被动语态拔高训练（不附答案） 一、完形填空——被动语态综合 Did you know that the first computer ______ in the 1940s? It was very big. Today, computers ______ in almost every field. The first smartphone ______ by IBM in 1994. Since then, mobile phones ______ greatly. Now, more and more work ______ by AI. Many people believe that robots ______ for dangerous work in the future. But I think technology ______ for the good of humans. It should ______ wisely. (1) A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents (2) A. use B. are used C. used D. were used (3) A. invented B. was invented C. is invented D. invents (4) A. developed B. have been developed C. are developed D. develop (5) A. does B. is done C. was done D. has done (6) A. use B. will be used C. used D. are using (7) A. should be used B. should use C. uses D. used (8) A. use B. used C. be used D. using 二、翻译句子——运用被动语态 1. 纸是两千多年前在中国发明的。 Paper ______ ______ in China over 2,000 years ago. 2. 很多树已经在河边被种下了。 Many trees ______ ______ ______ by the river. 3. 这个问题明天会被解决。 This problem ______ ______ tomorrow. 4. 这辆车需要修理了。 The car needs ______. 5. 英语在全世界被广泛使用。 English ______ ______ ______ around the world. Part 5 本讲总结 被动语态结构速查 一般现在时：am/is/are + done 一般过去时：was/were + done 一般将来时：will be + done 现在完成时：have/has been + done 情态动词：can/must/should + be + done 主动表被动： 感官动词：The food tastes good. 某些动词：This book sells well. need doing = need to be done 参考答案 Part 1 温故知新 — 热身练习 1. is grown 2. was cleaned 3. will be held 4. can be Part 2 习新知法 各时态被动练习 1. is spoken 2. was built 3. will be built 4. hasn't been finished 5. are planted 6. was broken 7. is cleaned 8. are written / were written 主动表被动练习 1. washes (主动表被动) 2. tastes (感官动词) 3. repairing (need doing) 4. sells (主动表被动) 5. cutting / to be cut Part 3 基础巩固 一、单项选择 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. B 二、用所给词填空 1. is grown 2. was built 3. hasn't been finished 4. are planted 5. will be solved 6. was broken 7. is made 8. have been returned 9. is grown 10. was saved 三、句型转换 1. are used 2. will be finished 3. was not written 4. has been 5. Was; made Part 4 提高挑战 一、完形填空 1. B 2. B 3. B 4. B 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. C 二、翻译 1. was invented 2. have been planted 3. will be solved 4. repairing / to be repaired 5. is widely used 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $