暑假作业15 全册重点语法句型综合运用（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦初中英语全册重点语法综合运用，以四步解题法为核心，系统整合时态语态、固定结构等7大考点，通过高频易错突破与语境化题型训练，提升语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |方法指导|4步解题+4高频考点+5易错点|读题判考点→找标志词定时态/语态→析结构→查错误|从基础语法（如现在完成时）到混合应用（时态语态结合），构建"概念-辨析-综合"逻辑链| |题型训练|单选10/完成句10/完形10/阅读4篇/首填10|语境化语法应用，如被动语态转换、疑问词+不定式结构|单一语法考查（单选）→句式转换（完成句）→语篇综合（完形/阅读）→词汇语法结合（首填），形成梯度训练|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业15 全册重点语法句型综合运用 一、综合考查范围 1. 现在完成时（基础 + 进阶 + 与一般过去时辨析） 2. 三种时态被动语态（一般现在 / 过去 / 将来） 3. 疑问词 + 动词不定式结构 4. must 与 have to 及情态动词综合 5. enough 与 too 的用法及结构转换 6. It 作形式主语的三种核心句型 7. used to do 与相关易混结构 二、通用解题步骤 1. 读题判断考点（时态 / 语态 / 固定结构） 2. 找时间标志词或关键词，确定时态 / 语态 3. 分析句子结构，判断主谓一致、固定搭配 4. 确定正确形式，检查拼写和语法错误 三、高频考点强化 1. 现在完成时和被动语态的混合考查 The bridge ______ (build) for 10 years.（答案：has been built） 2. It 作形式主语的 for/of 辨析 3. 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 4. 主动语态变被动语态时还原 to 的情况 四、易错点汇总 1. 现在完成时的标志词混淆（just vs just now） 2. 被动语态的 be 动词单复数和时态错误 3. mustn't 和 don't have to 的否定含义混淆 4. enough 的位置错误 5. 疑问词 + 不定式与宾语从句转换时的语序错误 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Look! The library is so quiet. —Yes. Nobody ______ to make any noise in the reading room. A. allows B. is allowed C. allowed D. was allowed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：—— 看！图书馆真安静。—— 是的，阅览室里不允许任何人制造噪音。考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语 Nobody 和动词 allow 是被动关系，且描述当前的规则常态，用一般现在时的被动结构 is allowed，故选 B。 2. My grandfather ______ live in the countryside, but now he ______ the life in the city. A. used to; used to B. is used to; used to C. used to; is used to D. is used to; is used to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我爷爷过去住在乡下，但现在他习惯了城市生活。考查 used 相关短语辨析。used to do sth. 表示 “过去常常做某事”；be used to sth. 表示 “习惯于某事”。第一空表过去的状态，用 used to；第二空表现在的习惯，用 is used to，故选 C。 3. —Must I finish the science project before Friday? —No, you ______. You can hand it in next Monday. A. mustn't B. can't C. don't have to D. shouldn't 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—— 我必须在周五前完成科学项目吗？—— 不，你不必。你可以下周一交。考查 must 引导的一般疑问句的回答。以 must 开头的疑问句，否定回答用 needn't 或 don't have to，意为 “不必”；mustn't 表 “禁止”，can't 表 “不能”，shouldn't 表 “不应该”，均不符合语境，故选 C。 4. The problem is ______ difficult for me ______ work out. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. such; that 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这道题对我来说太难了，我解不出来。考查固定结构辨析。too + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示 “太…… 而不能……”，符合句意；enough to 表 “足够…… 去做”，so/such that 后需接完整从句，均不符合结构，故选 A。 5. We haven't seen each other ______ we graduated from primary school. A. for B. since C. when D. before 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自从小学毕业以来，我们就没见过面。考查现在完成时的标志词。主句为现在完成时，从句为一般过去时，since 引导时间状语从句时，主句常用完成时，从句用一般过去时，表示 “自从…… 以来”，符合语境，故选 B。 6. ______ important ______ us to protect the environment around us. A. It's; for B. It's; of C. That's; for D. That's; of 【答案】A 【解析】句意：对我们来说，保护周围的环境很重要。考查 it 作形式主语的固定句型。It's + 形容词 + for/of sb. to do sth. 是固定结构，it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式；形容词描述事物属性时用 for，描述人的品质时用 of，important 描述事情的属性，故选 A。 7. The teacher told us ______ when we meet difficulties. A. what should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. how to do 【答案】B 【解析】句意：老师告诉我们遇到困难时应该做什么。考查宾语从句用法。宾语从句需用陈述语序，排除疑问语序的 A；how to do 后缺少宾语，结构不完整，排除 D；主句为一般过去时，从句需用相应的过去时态，what we should do 符合陈述语序与时态要求，故选 B。 8. A new high-speed railway ______ between Nanjing and Suqian next year. A. builds B. is built C. will build D. will be built 【答案】D 【解析】句意：明年南京和宿迁之间将新建一条高速铁路。考查一般将来时的被动语态。主语 high-speed railway 和动词 build 是被动关系，next year 表将来时间，用一般将来时的被动结构 will be built，故选 D。 9. —Where is your father? —He ______ to Beijing on business. He ______ there twice. A. has gone; has been B. has been; has gone C. has gone; has gone D. has been; has been 【答案】A 【解析】句意：—— 你爸爸在哪里？—— 他去北京出差了，他已经去过那里两次了。考查 have gone to 与 have been to 辨析。has gone to 表示 “去了某地（还未返回）”；has been to 表示 “去过某地（已返回）”。第一空表人不在此处，用 has gone；第二空表去过的次数，用 has been，故选 A。 10. The boy is ______ to go to school by himself. A. enough old B. old enough C. too old D. so old 【答案】B 【解析】 句意：这个男孩年龄足够大，可以自己去上学了。考查 enough 的用法。enough 修饰形容词时需后置，old enough 表示 “足够大”；too old to 表 “太老而不能”，与句意不符，so old 后需接 that 从句，故选 B。 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子。每空一词。 1. The students cleaned the classroom yesterday.（改为被动语态） The classroom ______ ______ by the students yesterday. 【答案】was cleaned 【解析】原句是一般过去时的主动语态，改为被动语态时，结构为 was/were + 动词过去分词。 主语 The classroom 是单数名词，因此 be 动词用 was；动词 clean 的过去分词是 cleaned，故填 was cleaned。 2. She has lived in Nanjing for 5 years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ has she lived in Nanjing? 【答案】How long 【解析】划线部分 for 5 years 是 “for + 时间段”，表示动作持续的时长，对时长提问要用固定疑问词组 how long（多久），句子首字母大写。 3. The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.（改为同义句） The box is ______ heavy for me ______ carry. 【答案】too; to 【解析】原句 so...that... 引导结果状语从句，意为 “如此…… 以至于不能……”，否定含义的从句可以转换为 too...to... 结构，意为 “太…… 而不能……”，后接动词原形，属于同义句型转换。 4. You mustn't run in the hallway.（改为同义句） You ______ ______ to run in the hallway. 【答案】aren’t allowed 【解析】mustn't 表示 “禁止、不允许”，同义表达可以用被动结构 be not allowed to do sth.（不被允许做某事）。主语是 you，一般现在时中 be 动词用 are，否定形式为 aren't，故填 aren't allowed。 5. He used to play basketball after school.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ to play basketball after school. 【答案】didn’t use 【解析】used to do sth. 表示 “过去常常做某事”，变否定句时，需要借助助动词 did，构成 didn't，同时 used 要变回原形 use，即 didn't use to do。 6. It is very kind of you to help me.（改为同义句） ______ ______ very kind to help me. 【答案】You are 【解析】原句是 It is + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth. 的句型，用来评价某人的行为。可以转换为 sb. + be + 形容词 + to do sth. 的结构，主语直接换为人 you，对应 be 动词用 are，句意保持不变。 7. I don't know what I should do next.（改为简单句） I don't know ______ ______ ______ next. 【答案】what to do 【解析】原句是 what 引导的宾语从句，当主句主语和从句主语一致时，宾语从句可以简化为 “疑问词 + 动词不定式” 的结构，即 what to do，构成简单句，句意不变。 8. They have already finished their homework.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they finished their homework ______? 【答案】Have; yet 【解析】原句是现在完成时（have + 过去分词），变一般疑问句时，需要把助动词 have 提到句首，首字母大写。同时，肯定句中的 already（已经）在疑问句中要变为 yet，并放在句末。 9. We will build a new park in our town next month.（改为被动语态） A new park ______ ______ ______ in our town next month. 【答案】will be built 【解析】原句是一般将来时的主动语态，改为被动语态时，结构为 will be + 动词过去分词。动词 build 的过去分词是 built，因此填 will be built。 10. The film began ten minutes ago.（改为同义句） The film ______ ______ ______ for ten minutes. 【答案】has been on 【解析】for ten minutes 是持续的时间段，需要和延续性动词搭配使用。原句中的 began（begin 的过去式）是瞬间动词，不能和时间段连用，需要转换为对应的延续性表达 be on（表示 “（电影、演出等）正在进行、上映”）；时态变为现在完成时，主语 The film 是单数，因此用 has been on。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School's Environmental Project Last month, our school started an environmental project. The students in Grade 8 were divided into small groups to work on different tasks. Our group decided to investigate (调查) the water pollution in the river near our school. We first 1 a meeting to make a plan. We knew that we 2 collect water samples (样本) from different parts of the river. We also needed to interview some local people to find out 3 they thought about the river. The next day, we went to the river early in the morning. The river used to 4 very clean, but now it was dirty. There was rubbish everywhere. We 5 three water samples and took some photos. We also talked to an old man who 6 near the river for over 30 years. He told us that the river 7 by factories and people throwing rubbish. After we got back to school, we spent a week 8 our data (数据). We found that the water was not safe for drinking or swimming. We decided to write a report and give it to the local government. We also wanted to make a poster to tell other students 9 the importance of protecting the river. It 10 us a lot of time and effort, but we learned a lot. We realized that it is everyone's duty to protect the environment. If everyone takes action, our world will become a better place. 1. A. have B. had C. have had D. will have 2. A. must B. have to C. had to D. should 3. A. what B. how C. why D. when 4. A. be B. is C. was D. being 5. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. will collect 6. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. had lived 7. A. polluted B. was polluted C. has polluted D. had been polluted 8. A. analyze (分析) B. analyzed C. analyzing D. to analyze 9. A. about B. of C. for D. with 10. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. C 9. A 10. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者所在的八年级学生小组参与学校环保项目，对学校附近河流的水污染情况展开调查的完整经历。文章按照 “制定计划 — 实地采样与采访 — 数据分析与成果输出” 的顺序展开叙事，最终点明主旨：保护环境是每个人的责任，人人行动起来世界会变得更美好。 1. 句意：我们首先开了个会来制定计划。解析：全文叙述上个月发生的事，整体时态为一般过去时；have a meeting 是固定搭配，意为 “开会”，have 的过去式为 had，故选 B。 2. 句意：我们知道我们必须从河流的不同区域采集水样。解析：主句谓语 knew 是一般过去时，宾语从句需使用对应的过去时态；have to 强调客观上 “不得不、必须”，其过去式为 had to，符合时态与语境。must 没有过去式形式，无法匹配过去的语境，故选 C。 3. 句意：我们还需要采访一些当地人，了解他们对这条河的看法。解析：“what do you think about sth.” 是固定句型，用于询问对事物的看法；此处 what 引导宾语从句，在从句中作 think 的宾语，符合结构与句意，故选 A。 4. 句意：这条河过去非常干净，但现在很脏。解析：used to do sth. 是固定结构，意为 “过去常常做某事 / 过去曾经是……”，to 后必须接动词原形，因此用 be 动词的原形 be，故选 A。 5. 句意：我们采集了三份水样，还拍了一些照片。解析：and 连接两个并列的谓语动词，前后时态需保持一致；后面的 took 是 take 的过去式，因此 collect 也要用过去式 collected，故选 B。 6. 句意：我们还和一位在河边住了 30 多年的老人交谈了。解析：“for over 30 years” 是持续时间段，需搭配完成时态；主句谓语 talked 是一般过去时，“居住” 的动作发生在 “交谈” 之前，属于 “过去的过去”，因此用过去完成时 had lived，故选 D。 7. 句意：他告诉我们，这条河被工厂和乱扔垃圾的人们污染了。解析：河流是 “被污染” 的对象，需使用被动语态；主句 He told us 是一般过去时，从句陈述过去的客观事实，用一般过去时的被动语态 was polluted 即可，符合时态与语境，故选 B。 8. 句意：回到学校后，我们花了一周时间分析数据。解析：spend time (in) doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “花费时间做某事”，介词 in 可省略，后接动名词形式，因此用 analyzing，故选 C。 9. 句意：我们还想制作一张海报，告诉其他学生保护河流的重要性。解析：tell sb. about sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “告诉某人关于某事的情况”，符合句意，故选 A。 10. 句意：这件事花费了我们很多时间和精力，但我们学到了很多。解析：It takes sb. some time/effort to do sth. 是固定句型，意为 “做某事花费某人多少时间 / 精力”，主语为事物 it；全文为过去时态，take 的过去式是 took。spend 和 pay 的主语必须是人，cost 多用来表示花费金钱，均不符合用法，故选 A。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The History of Paper Paper is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was invented by Cai Lun in China around 105 AD. Before that, people used to write on bamboo slips (竹简), silk, or animal bones. But bamboo slips were heavy and silk was expensive. Cai Lun used different materials to make paper, such as tree bark (树皮), rags (破布), and fishing nets. His paper was cheaper and easier to make. It soon became popular all over China. Later, paper-making technology spread to other countries. Today, paper is used in many ways. We use it for books, newspapers, letters, and many other things. However, making paper uses a lot of trees. Every year, millions of trees are cut down to make paper. This is bad for the environment. So, we should try to save paper. We can use both sides of the paper. We can also recycle old paper. Recycling one ton of paper can save 17 trees. It is easy to do and it helps protect our planet. 1. When was paper invented by Cai Lun? A. Around 105 BC. B. Around 105 AD. C. Around 500 BC. D. Around 500 AD. 2. What did people use to write on before paper was invented? A. Bamboo slips and silk. B. Animal bones and wood. C. Stone and metal. D. All of the above. 3. Which of the following is NOT a material that Cai Lun used to make paper? A. Tree bark. B. Rags. C. Cotton. D. Fishing nets. 4. Why is making paper bad for the environment? A. Because it uses a lot of water. B. Because it pollutes the air. C. Because it cuts down many trees. D. Because it produces a lot of waste. 5. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. How paper is made. B. The history of paper. C. The importance of paper. D. How to save paper. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. D 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，围绕 “纸” 展开介绍：先讲述了纸的发明背景与蔡伦改进造纸术的历史，再说明纸张的广泛用途，同时指出造纸业消耗大量树木、破坏环境的问题，最后倡导人们通过双面使用、回收利用等方式节约用纸、保护地球。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “It was invented by Cai Lun in China around 105 AD.” 可知，蔡伦于公元 105 年左右改进了造纸术，与 B 选项表述一致，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第一段第三句 “Before that, people used to write on bamboo slips, silk, or animal bones.” 可知，纸发明前人们的书写载体包括竹简、丝绸与兽骨。A 选项符合原文内容；B 选项的木材、C 选项的石头与金属均未在文中提及，故选 A。 3. 细节判断题。根据第二段第一句 “Cai Lun used different materials to make paper, such as tree bark, rags, and fishing nets.” 可知，蔡伦造纸的原料包含树皮、破布、渔网，并未提到棉花（cotton），故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句 “Every year, millions of trees are cut down to make paper. This is bad for the environment.” 可知，造纸需要砍伐大量树木，这是其危害环境的原因，与 C 选项表述一致，故选 C。 5. 段落主旨题。最后一段首句提出 “我们应该节约用纸” 的核心观点，随后介绍了双面用纸、回收旧纸等具体做法，整段围绕 “如何节约用纸” 展开，故选 D。 B A Day at the Science Museum Last Saturday, my class went to the Nanjing Science Museum. We were very excited because we had been looking forward to it for a long time. When we arrived, the guide showed us around. First, we visited the "Space Exploration" hall. We saw models of rockets and spaceships. We also watched a video about astronauts living in space. It was amazing to see how they eat, sleep, and work in zero gravity (失重). Next, we went to the "Biology" hall. We learned about different kinds of plants and animals. There was a special exhibition about dinosaurs. We saw real dinosaur bones and learned about how they lived millions of years ago. In the afternoon, we did some experiments in the "Physics" hall. We made our own small robots and learned about electricity. The most interesting part was when we made a paper plane that could fly very far. We had a competition to see whose plane could fly the farthest. Before we left, we bought some souvenirs (纪念品) from the gift shop. It was a wonderful day. We learned a lot about science and had a great time with our classmates. 1. Where did the writer go last Saturday? A. The Nanjing History Museum. B. The Nanjing Science Museum. C. The Nanjing Art Museum. D. The Nanjing Natural History Museum. 2. What did they do first when they arrived? A. They watched a video. B. They visited the "Space Exploration" hall. C. They did some experiments. D. They bought souvenirs. 3. What did they learn about in the "Biology" hall? A. Rockets and spaceships. B. Electricity and robots. C. Plants, animals, and dinosaurs. D. How to make paper planes. 4. Which part did the writer think was the most interesting? A. Watching the video about astronauts. B. Seeing dinosaur bones. C. Making small robots. D. Making paper planes and having a competition. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer didn't like the science museum. B. The writer learned a lot from the trip. C. The trip was boring. D. The writer will never go to the museum again. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上周六和班级同学一同参观南京科技馆的经历。文章按游览顺序，依次介绍了在太空探索馆、生物馆、物理馆的所见所闻与体验，最后写下此行的收获与感受。 1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一句 Last Saturday, my class went to the Nanjing Science Museum. 可知地点是南京科技馆，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 First, we visited the "Space Exploration" hall. 可知抵达后最先参观了太空探索馆，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段内容，在生物馆了解了动植物以及恐龙相关知识，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段 The most interesting part was when we made a paper plane that could fly very far. We had a competition 可知作者觉得最有趣的是制作纸飞机并比赛，故选 D。 5. 推理判断题。根据文末 We learned a lot about science 可推断出作者从这次出行中学到了很多，A、C、D 均与原文情感和内容不符，故选 B。 C The Benefits of Reading Reading is a good habit that everyone should develop. It has many benefits for both our mind and body. First, reading improves our vocabulary and grammar. When we read, we learn new words and see how they are used in sentences. This helps us become better writers and speakers. Second, reading can reduce stress. When we read a good book, we can forget about our problems and enter a different world. This helps us relax and feel better. Third, reading improves our memory. When we read, we have to remember the characters, the plot (情节), and the details of the story. This exercises our brain and makes our memory stronger. Fourth, reading can make us more knowledgeable. We can learn about history, science, art, and many other things from books. This helps us understand the world better. Finally, reading can improve our imagination. When we read, we create pictures in our mind of the characters and places in the book. This helps us become more creative. In conclusion, reading is a wonderful activity. It can make us smarter, happier, and more creative. So, pick up a book and start reading today! 1. How many benefits of reading are mentioned in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of reading? A. Improving vocabulary and grammar. B. Reducing stress. C. Making us more athletic. D. Improving memory. 3. How does reading reduce stress? A. It helps us forget about our problems. B. It exercises our brain. C. It makes us more knowledgeable. D. It improves our imagination. 4. What does the underlined word "knowledgeable" mean in Chinese? A. 聪明的 B. 有知识的 C. 快乐的 D. 有创造力的 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell us how to read books. B. To introduce different kinds of books. C. To encourage us to develop the habit of reading. D. To show us the history of reading. 【答案】1. C 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇议论文，围绕 “阅读的益处” 展开论述，分别从提升词汇与语法能力、缓解压力、增强记忆力、增长知识、提升想象力五个方面介绍了阅读的好处，最后总结全文，呼吁大家养成阅读的好习惯。 1. 细节理解题。根据文中标志性表述 First, Second, Third, Fourth, Finally 可知，文章一共提到了 5 项阅读的益处，故选 C。 2. 细节判断题。原文提到的阅读益处包括提升词汇语法、减轻压力、增强记忆力、增长知识、提升想象力，并未提及 “让我们更健壮”，C 选项不属于阅读的好处，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段 When we read a good book, we can forget about our problems and enter a different world. This helps us relax and feel better. 可知，阅读通过让我们暂时忘记自身烦恼来减轻压力，故选 A。 4. 词义猜测题。根据后文 We can learn about history, science, art, and many other things from books. 可知，阅读能让人学到各领域的知识、变得有学识，由此可推断 knowledgeable 意为 “有知识的”，故选 B。 5. 写作目的题。文章先分点论证阅读的诸多益处，结尾以 So, pick up a book and start reading today! 发出呼吁，核心目的是鼓励读者养成阅读的习惯，故选 C。 D The Future of Transportation What will transportation be like in the future? Many scientists are working on new ideas to make transportation faster, safer, and more environmentally friendly. One idea is flying cars. Flying cars can both drive on roads and fly in the sky. They will be very fast and can help us avoid traffic jams (交通堵塞). Some companies have already tested flying cars, and they may be available in the next 10 to 20 years. Another idea is high-speed trains. High-speed trains are already popular in many countries, including China. In the future, trains may be able to travel even faster. Some scientists are working on trains that can travel at speeds of over 600 kilometers per hour. Electric cars are also becoming more popular. They are better for the environment because they don't produce pollution. In the future, most cars may be electric. There will be more charging stations (充电站) everywhere. Finally, there will be more shared transportation. People will use shared bikes, shared cars, and shared buses more often. This will help reduce the number of cars on the road and make the air cleaner. The future of transportation looks exciting. We can't wait to see what new inventions will come out. 1. What are scientists trying to make transportation like in the future? A. Faster and safer. B. More environmentally friendly. C. Both A and B. D. Neither A nor B. 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a future transportation idea? A. Flying cars. B. High-speed trains. C. Electric cars. D. Submarines (潜水艇). 3. Why are electric cars better for the environment? A. Because they are faster. B. Because they don't produce pollution. C. Because they are cheaper. D. Because they are safer. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Flying cars are already available now. B. High-speed trains can travel at 600 kilometers per hour now. C. Shared transportation will be more common in the future. D. All cars will be electric in the future. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. The History of Transportation B. The Future of Transportation C. How to Solve Traffic Problems D. Different Kinds of Transportation 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. B 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，围绕 “未来的交通” 展开介绍。文章开篇点明科学家正致力于让交通变得更快捷、更安全、更环保，随后分别介绍了飞行汽车、高速列车、电动汽车、共享交通四类未来交通的发展方向，最后表达了对交通未来发展的期待。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “make transportation faster, safer, and more environmentally friendly” 可知，科学家希望未来的交通更快速、更安全、更环保，A、B 两项均符合原文，故选 C。 2. 细节判断题。文章依次介绍了飞行汽车、高速列车、电动汽车、共享交通这几种未来交通构想，全程未提及潜水艇（submarines），故选 D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段 “They are better for the environment because they don't produce pollution.” 可知，电动汽车更环保的原因是不会产生污染，故选 B。 4. 推理判断题。A 项与原文 “they may be available in the next 10 to 20 years” 不符，飞行汽车尚未普及；B 项与原文 “scientists are working on trains that can travel at speeds of over 600 kilometers per hour” 不符，该时速列车仍在研发中；C 项可由 “there will be more shared transportation” 推断得出，未来共享交通会更普遍；D 项 “all cars” 表述绝对，原文是 “most cars may be electric”。故选 C。 5. 标题归纳题。全文围绕 “未来的交通” 展开，开篇以问题点题，中间分述各类未来交通形式，结尾总结展望，核心主题就是未来交通的发展，故选 B。 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Our School's Book Sharing Project Last term, our school started a book sharing project. The p___1___ is to encourage students to read more books and share their favorite books with others. Every student can b___2___ books from the book corner in their classroom. They can also donate (捐赠) their old books to the book corner. So far, we have c___3___ over 500 books. These books include storybooks, science books, and history books. The book corner is m___4___ by a group of student volunteers. They make sure that the books are organized (整理) properly and that students can borrow and return books e___5___. Reading is very important for us. It can help us i___6___ our knowledge and improve our language skills. It can also help us relax after a busy day of study. Many students have already benefited (受益) from this project. Li Ming, a Grade 8 student, said, "I used to s___7___ most of my free time playing computer games. But now, I enjoy reading books. I have read many interesting books from the book corner, and I have also made some new friends t___8___ the book sharing activities." Our teacher says that the project will continue. They plan to o___9___ more book sharing activities, such as book discussions and reading competitions. They hope that more students will j___10___ in the project and develop a good habit of reading. 【答案】1. purpose 2. borrow 3. collected 4. managed 5. easily 6. improve 7. spend 8. through 9. organize 10. join 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了学校发起的图书共享项目，涵盖项目的设立目的、运营管理方式、阅读的价值，以及学生的参与收获和项目的未来规划，展现了该项目对培养学生阅读习惯的积极意义。 1 句意：该项目的目的是鼓励学生多读书，并和他人分享自己喜爱的书籍。解析：定冠词 the 后接名词作主语，结合首字母 p 与后文表目的的不定式结构，填名词 purpose（目的），符合项目宗旨的语境。 2. 句意：每个学生都可以从教室的图书角借书。解析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形；borrow...from... 是固定搭配，意为 “从…… 借……”，匹配图书角的功能场景，首字母 b 对应 borrow。 3. 句意：到目前为止，我们已经收集了 500 多本书。解析：so far 是现在完成时的标志，结构为 have + 过去分词；结合前文 “捐赠旧书” 的语境，首字母 c 对应动词 collect（收集），其过去分词为 collected。 4. 句意：图书角由一群学生志愿者管理。解析：by 是被动语态的标志，结构为 be + 过去分词；结合首字母 m，填动词 manage（管理）的过去分词 managed，表示图书角被志愿者运营管理。 5. 句意：他们确保书籍摆放有序，学生可以轻松地借还书籍。解析：此处修饰动词短语 borrow and return books，需用副词；结合首字母 e，填 easily（轻松地、容易地），符合语境。 6. 句意：阅读能帮助我们增长知识，提升语言能力。解析：help sb. do sth. 是固定搭配，此处需填动词原形；结合首字母 i 与宾语 knowledge，填 improve（增进、提升），improve knowledge 为常用搭配，意为 “增长知识”。 7. 句意：我过去常常把大部分空闲时间花在玩电脑游戏上。解析：used to do sth. 意为 “过去常常做某事”，此处需填动词原形；spend time doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为 “花费时间做某事”，首字母 s 对应 spend。 8. 句意：我还通过图书分享活动交到了一些新朋友。解析：此处表方式，意为 “通过”；首字母 t 对应介词 through，符合 “通过活动结识朋友” 的语境。 9. 句意：他们计划组织更多的图书分享活动，比如读书讨论会和阅读比赛。解析：plan to do sth. 意为 “计划做某事”，此处需填动词原形；结合首字母 o 与宾语 activities，填 organize（组织），“组织活动” 是常用搭配。 10. 句意：他们希望更多学生能加入这个项目，养成良好的阅读习惯。解析：will 后接动词原形；join in 是固定搭配，意为 “加入（活动 / 项目）”，首字母 j 对应 join，符合语境。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业15 全册重点语法句型综合运用 一、综合考查范围 1. 现在完成时（基础 + 进阶 + 与一般过去时辨析） 2. 三种时态被动语态（一般现在 / 过去 / 将来） 3. 疑问词 + 动词不定式结构 4. must 与 have to 及情态动词综合 5. enough 与 too 的用法及结构转换 6. It 作形式主语的三种核心句型 7. used to do 与相关易混结构 二、通用解题步骤 1. 读题判断考点（时态 / 语态 / 固定结构） 2. 找时间标志词或关键词，确定时态 / 语态 3. 分析句子结构，判断主谓一致、固定搭配 4. 确定正确形式，检查拼写和语法错误 三、高频考点强化 1. 现在完成时和被动语态的混合考查 The bridge ______ (build) for 10 years.（答案：has been built） 2. It 作形式主语的 for/of 辨析 3. 短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换 4. 主动语态变被动语态时还原 to 的情况 四、易错点汇总 1. 现在完成时的标志词混淆（just vs just now） 2. 被动语态的 be 动词单复数和时态错误 3. mustn't 和 don't have to 的否定含义混淆 4. enough 的位置错误 5. 疑问词 + 不定式与宾语从句转换时的语序错误 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. —Look! The library is so quiet. —Yes. Nobody ______ to make any noise in the reading room. A. allows B. is allowed C. allowed D. was allowed 2. My grandfather ______ live in the countryside, but now he ______ the life in the city. A. used to; used to B. is used to; used to C. used to; is used to D. is used to; is used to 3. —Must I finish the science project before Friday? —No, you ______. You can hand it in next Monday. A. mustn't B. can't C. don't have to D. shouldn't 4. The problem is ______ difficult for me ______ work out. A. too; to B. enough; to C. so; that D. such; that 5. We haven't seen each other ______ we graduated from primary school. A. for B. since C. when D. before 6. ______ important ______ us to protect the environment around us. A. It's; for B. It's; of C. That's; for D. That's; of 7. The teacher told us ______ when we meet difficulties. A. what should we do B. what we should do C. what to do D. how to do 8. A new high-speed railway ______ between Nanjing and Suqian next year. A. builds B. is built C. will build D. will be built 9. —Where is your father? —He ______ to Beijing on business. He ______ there twice. A. has gone; has been B. has been; has gone C. has gone; has gone D. has been; has been 10. The boy is ______ to go to school by himself. A. enough old B. old enough C. too old D. so old 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子。每空一词。 1. The students cleaned the classroom yesterday.（改为被动语态） The classroom ______ ______ by the students yesterday. 2. She has lived in Nanjing for 5 years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ has she lived in Nanjing? 3. The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.（改为同义句） The box is ______ heavy for me ______ carry. 4. You mustn't run in the hallway.（改为同义句） You ______ ______ to run in the hallway. 5. He used to play basketball after school.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ to play basketball after school. 6. It is very kind of you to help me.（改为同义句） ______ ______ very kind to help me. 7. I don't know what I should do next.（改为简单句） I don't know ______ ______ ______ next. 8. They have already finished their homework.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they finished their homework ______? 9. We will build a new park in our town next month.（改为被动语态） A new park ______ ______ ______ in our town next month. 10. The film began ten minutes ago.（改为同义句） The film ______ ______ ______ for ten minutes. 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School's Environmental Project Last month, our school started an environmental project. The students in Grade 8 were divided into small groups to work on different tasks. Our group decided to investigate (调查) the water pollution in the river near our school. We first 1 a meeting to make a plan. We knew that we 2 collect water samples (样本) from different parts of the river. We also needed to interview some local people to find out 3 they thought about the river. The next day, we went to the river early in the morning. The river used to 4 very clean, but now it was dirty. There was rubbish everywhere. We 5 three water samples and took some photos. We also talked to an old man who 6 near the river for over 30 years. He told us that the river 7 by factories and people throwing rubbish. After we got back to school, we spent a week 8 our data (数据). We found that the water was not safe for drinking or swimming. We decided to write a report and give it to the local government. We also wanted to make a poster to tell other students 9 the importance of protecting the river. It 10 us a lot of time and effort, but we learned a lot. We realized that it is everyone's duty to protect the environment. If everyone takes action, our world will become a better place. 1. A. have B. had C. have had D. will have 2. A. must B. have to C. had to D. should 3. A. what B. how C. why D. when 4. A. be B. is C. was D. being 5. A. collect B. collected C. have collected D. will collect 6. A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. had lived 7. A. polluted B. was polluted C. has polluted D. had been polluted 8. A. analyze (分析) B. analyzed C. analyzing D. to analyze 9. A. about B. of C. for D. with 10. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A The History of Paper Paper is one of the most important inventions in human history. It was invented by Cai Lun in China around 105 AD. Before that, people used to write on bamboo slips (竹简), silk, or animal bones. But bamboo slips were heavy and silk was expensive. Cai Lun used different materials to make paper, such as tree bark (树皮), rags (破布), and fishing nets. His paper was cheaper and easier to make. It soon became popular all over China. Later, paper-making technology spread to other countries. Today, paper is used in many ways. We use it for books, newspapers, letters, and many other things. However, making paper uses a lot of trees. Every year, millions of trees are cut down to make paper. This is bad for the environment. So, we should try to save paper. We can use both sides of the paper. We can also recycle old paper. Recycling one ton of paper can save 17 trees. It is easy to do and it helps protect our planet. 1. When was paper invented by Cai Lun? A. Around 105 BC. B. Around 105 AD. C. Around 500 BC. D. Around 500 AD. 2. What did people use to write on before paper was invented? A. Bamboo slips and silk. B. Animal bones and wood. C. Stone and metal. D. All of the above. 3. Which of the following is NOT a material that Cai Lun used to make paper? A. Tree bark. B. Rags. C. Cotton. D. Fishing nets. 4. Why is making paper bad for the environment? A. Because it uses a lot of water. B. Because it pollutes the air. C. Because it cuts down many trees. D. Because it produces a lot of waste. 5. What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. How paper is made. B. The history of paper. C. The importance of paper. D. How to save paper. B A Day at the Science Museum Last Saturday, my class went to the Nanjing Science Museum. We were very excited because we had been looking forward to it for a long time. When we arrived, the guide showed us around. First, we visited the "Space Exploration" hall. We saw models of rockets and spaceships. We also watched a video about astronauts living in space. It was amazing to see how they eat, sleep, and work in zero gravity (失重). Next, we went to the "Biology" hall. We learned about different kinds of plants and animals. There was a special exhibition about dinosaurs. We saw real dinosaur bones and learned about how they lived millions of years ago. In the afternoon, we did some experiments in the "Physics" hall. We made our own small robots and learned about electricity. The most interesting part was when we made a paper plane that could fly very far. We had a competition to see whose plane could fly the farthest. Before we left, we bought some souvenirs (纪念品) from the gift shop. It was a wonderful day. We learned a lot about science and had a great time with our classmates. 1. Where did the writer go last Saturday? A. The Nanjing History Museum. B. The Nanjing Science Museum. C. The Nanjing Art Museum. D. The Nanjing Natural History Museum. 2. What did they do first when they arrived? A. They watched a video. B. They visited the "Space Exploration" hall. C. They did some experiments. D. They bought souvenirs. 3. What did they learn about in the "Biology" hall? A. Rockets and spaceships. B. Electricity and robots. C. Plants, animals, and dinosaurs. D. How to make paper planes. 4. Which part did the writer think was the most interesting? A. Watching the video about astronauts. B. Seeing dinosaur bones. C. Making small robots. D. Making paper planes and having a competition. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. The writer didn't like the science museum. B. The writer learned a lot from the trip. C. The trip was boring. D. The writer will never go to the museum again. C The Benefits of Reading Reading is a good habit that everyone should develop. It has many benefits for both our mind and body. First, reading improves our vocabulary and grammar. When we read, we learn new words and see how they are used in sentences. This helps us become better writers and speakers. Second, reading can reduce stress. When we read a good book, we can forget about our problems and enter a different world. This helps us relax and feel better. Third, reading improves our memory. When we read, we have to remember the characters, the plot (情节), and the details of the story. This exercises our brain and makes our memory stronger. Fourth, reading can make us more knowledgeable. We can learn about history, science, art, and many other things from books. This helps us understand the world better. Finally, reading can improve our imagination. When we read, we create pictures in our mind of the characters and places in the book. This helps us become more creative. In conclusion, reading is a wonderful activity. It can make us smarter, happier, and more creative. So, pick up a book and start reading today! 1. How many benefits of reading are mentioned in the passage? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of reading? A. Improving vocabulary and grammar. B. Reducing stress. C. Making us more athletic. D. Improving memory. 3. How does reading reduce stress? A. It helps us forget about our problems. B. It exercises our brain. C. It makes us more knowledgeable. D. It improves our imagination. 4. What does the underlined word "knowledgeable" mean in Chinese? A. 聪明的 B. 有知识的 C. 快乐的 D. 有创造力的 5. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To tell us how to read books. B. To introduce different kinds of books. C. To encourage us to develop the habit of reading. D. To show us the history of reading. D The Future of Transportation What will transportation be like in the future? Many scientists are working on new ideas to make transportation faster, safer, and more environmentally friendly. One idea is flying cars. Flying cars can both drive on roads and fly in the sky. They will be very fast and can help us avoid traffic jams (交通堵塞). Some companies have already tested flying cars, and they may be available in the next 10 to 20 years. Another idea is high-speed trains. High-speed trains are already popular in many countries, including China. In the future, trains may be able to travel even faster. Some scientists are working on trains that can travel at speeds of over 600 kilometers per hour. Electric cars are also becoming more popular. They are better for the environment because they don't produce pollution. In the future, most cars may be electric. There will be more charging stations (充电站) everywhere. Finally, there will be more shared transportation. People will use shared bikes, shared cars, and shared buses more often. This will help reduce the number of cars on the road and make the air cleaner. The future of transportation looks exciting. We can't wait to see what new inventions will come out. 1. What are scientists trying to make transportation like in the future? A. Faster and safer. B. More environmentally friendly. C. Both A and B. D. Neither A nor B. 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a future transportation idea? A. Flying cars. B. High-speed trains. C. Electric cars. D. Submarines (潜水艇). 3. Why are electric cars better for the environment? A. Because they are faster. B. Because they don't produce pollution. C. Because they are cheaper. D. Because they are safer. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Flying cars are already available now. B. High-speed trains can travel at 600 kilometers per hour now. C. Shared transportation will be more common in the future. D. All cars will be electric in the future. 5. What is the best title for the passage? A. The History of Transportation B. The Future of Transportation C. How to Solve Traffic Problems D. Different Kinds of Transportation 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Our School's Book Sharing Project Last term, our school started a book sharing project. The p___1___ is to encourage students to read more books and share their favorite books with others. Every student can b___2___ books from the book corner in their classroom. They can also donate (捐赠) their old books to the book corner. So far, we have c___3___ over 500 books. These books include storybooks, science books, and history books. The book corner is m___4___ by a group of student volunteers. They make sure that the books are organized (整理) properly and that students can borrow and return books e___5___. Reading is very important for us. It can help us i___6___ our knowledge and improve our language skills. It can also help us relax after a busy day of study. Many students have already benefited (受益) from this project. Li Ming, a Grade 8 student, said, "I used to s___7___ most of my free time playing computer games. But now, I enjoy reading books. I have read many interesting books from the book corner, and I have also made some new friends t___8___ the book sharing activities." Our teacher says that the project will continue. They plan to o___9___ more book sharing activities, such as book discussions and reading competitions. They hope that more students will j___10___ in the project and develop a good habit of reading. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $