暑假作业14 全册核心基础句型默写与同义转换（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 全册核心基础句型默写与同义转换专项，以教材原句为根基，系统构建同义转换方法体系，通过分层题型设计实现语言能力与思维品质的协同提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |基础句型默写|8单元教材原句|强化教材核心句型记忆，夯实语言输入基础|从教材原句（基础）到转换应用（能力），构建"输入-内化-输出"链条| |同义转换类型|4类（同义替换/语态/句型/简复句）配实例|分类归纳转换规则，如"It is adj. to do=To do is adj."|按"词-句-篇"层级递进，实现知识点横向关联与纵向深化| |易错易混概念|3类（时态/漏词/被动句错误）|针对性总结错误类型，强化转换准确性|聚焦转换难点，形成"规则-易错-纠正"闭环| |综合题型应用|5类题型（单选/完成句子/完形等）40+题|以题载法，在语篇中迁移运用句型转换技巧|从单一转换到语篇综合，提升语境中语言运用与思维辨析能力|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业14 全册核心基础句型默写与同义转换 一、各单元必考基础句型（教材原句，要求默写） Unit1： Great changes have taken place in Shenzhen over the years. Unit1： Transport has also improved a lot. Unit2： Nanjing rests in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Unit2： It is well worth a visit. Unit3： Liverpool only comes after London in the UK for museums. Unit4： I don't know which book to choose first. Unit5： It is polite to keep quiet in public. Unit6： It is meaningful to help people in need. Unit7： ORBIS uses its Flying Eye Hospital to help patients. Unit8： Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world. 二、同义转换核心类型 1. 同义替换 take place = change a lot be worth doing = be worthy of being done provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 2. 语态转换：主动句↔被动句 We built the bridge last year. → The bridge was built last year. 3. 句型转换 It is adj. to do = To do is adj. too...to... = not...enough to... 4. 简单句↔复合句 I don't know what to do. → I don't know what I should do. 三、易错易混概念 1. 句型转换时时态不一致 2. 同义替换时漏词或多词 3. 被动句转换时漏掉 be 动词或过去分词拼写错误 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Great changes ______ in my hometown since 2010. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taken place D. have been taken place 2. —What do you think of the Nanjing Museum? —It is amazing and well worth ______. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 3. The old hospital ______ by the volunteers last month. A. was painted B. painted C. is painted D. paints 4. I don't know ______ for the coming summer holiday. A. where go B. where to go C. where should I go D. to where go 5. It is important ______ the environment around us. A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected 6. ORBIS provides poor patients ______ free eye operations. A. for B. with C. to D. of 7. The box is too heavy for me ______. A. carry B. carrying C. to carry D. carried 8. Switzerland is famous for its high level of waste ______. A. recycle B. recycling C. recycled D. recycles 9. It is ______ to laugh at people in trouble. A. polite B. impolite C. meaningful D. useless 10. Which of the following sentences has the same meaning as "To help others is happy"? A. It is happy to help others. B. Helping others is happy. C. It is happy helping others. D. Both A and B. 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. They have built a new bridge over the river.（改为被动语态） A new bridge ______ ______ ______ over the river. 2. The girl is too young to go to school.（改为同义句） The girl is ______ ______ ______ to go to school. 3. I don't know how I can get to the train station.（改为简单句） I don't know ______ ______ ______ to the train station. 4. Our school provides us with delicious food.（改为同义句） Our school ______ delicious food ______ us. 5. It is necessary to learn English well.（改为同义句） ______ ______ ______ well is necessary. 6. The film is very worth watching.（改为同义句） The film is ______ ______ ______ ______. 7. Many people in need ______ ______（被帮助）by the charity every year. 8. We ______ ______ ______ (习惯于) getting up early now. 9. He didn't know which T-shirt he should buy.（改为简单句） He didn't know ______ ______ ______ ______. 10. She likes dancing very much.（改为一般疑问句） ______ ______ ______ dancing very much? 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last summer, our class started a recycling（回收）project to make our school greener. We wanted to show everyone that recycling is 1 and can make a big difference. First, we 2 a meeting to talk about our plan. We decided to put different recycling bins around the school: blue for paper, green for glass, and yellow for plastic. We also made posters to tell students 3 to use them correctly. At first, it was not easy. Many students didn't know which bin to use. Some even threw all their rubbish into the same bin. But we didn't 4 . We stood by the bins during break time and helped them sort（分类）their rubbish. Slowly, things got better. More and more students started to join us. We collected a lot of paper, glass and plastic every week. Then we sold them to a recycling center and used the 5 to buy books for the school library. Our project was very successful. The headmaster praised us and said our school had one of the 6 recycling programs in the city. We also learned that 7 is polite to keep our school clean and green. Now, our project has become a model for other schools. Many schools come to visit us and learn 8 our experience. We feel very proud 9 we can do something meaningful for our school and the environment. As the saying goes, "Small actions can make a big difference." If everyone 10 a little effort, our world will become a better place. 1. A. boring B. meaningless C. important D. difficult 2. A. hold B. held C. were held D. have held 3. A. how B. what C. where D. when 4. A. give up B. take up C. put up D. turn up 5. A. food B. money C. books D. bins 6. A. worst B. best C. smallest D. largest 7. A. this B. that C. it D. one 8. A. from B. about C. with D. to 9. A. so B. because C. but D. though 10. A. make B. makes C. made D. will make 二、阅读理解： （A） Shenzhen is a city in southern China. It used to be a small fishing village. But over the past 40 years, great changes have taken place there. It has become one of the most important cities in China. Today, Shenzhen is a modern and beautiful city. There are many tall buildings, wide roads and beautiful parks. The transport has also improved a lot. You can take the subway, bus or taxi to go anywhere in the city. There are also two airports and several railway stations. Shenzhen is also famous for its technology. Many famous technology companies are based there, such as Huawei and Tencent. Every year, millions of people come to Shenzhen to work and visit. However, Shenzhen is still developing. It is becoming more and more beautiful. I believe that Shenzhen will have an even better future. 1. What was Shenzhen like 40 years ago? A. A modern city. B. A small fishing village. C. A famous technology center. D. A busy port city. 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the transport in Shenzhen? A. Subway. B. Bus. C. Plane. D. Ship. 3. What is Shenzhen famous for? A. Its beautiful parks. B. Its technology. C. Its fishing industry. D. Its old buildings. 4. What does the underlined word "based" mean in Chinese? A. 基于 B. 基地 C. 总部位于 D. 基础 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Shenzhen's past and present. B. The transport in Shenzhen. C. The technology in Shenzhen. D. The future of Shenzhen. （B） Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province. It rests in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It is a city with a long history and rich culture. Nanjing has many places of interest. The Nanjing Museum is one of the largest museums in China. It has a lot of valuable cultural relics（文物）. The Confucius Temple is also very famous. It is a good place to enjoy traditional Chinese culture and delicious local food. The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is a must-see for visitors. It is the tomb of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese revolution. Nanjing is also a modern city. There are many shopping malls, cinemas and restaurants. The transport is very convenient. You can take the subway to go around the city easily. Nanjing is well worth a visit. If you come to Nanjing, you will have a wonderful time. 1. Where is Nanjing located? A. In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. B. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. C. In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. D. On the coast of the East China Sea. 2. Which place is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. The Nanjing Museum. B. The Confucius Temple. C. The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. D. The Xuanwu Lake. 3. What can you do in the Confucius Temple? A. Enjoy traditional Chinese culture and local food. B. See many valuable cultural relics. C. Visit the tomb of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. D. Go shopping in modern malls. 4. What does the writer think of Nanjing? A. It is only an old city. B. It is only a modern city. C. It is well worth a visit. D. It is not very convenient. 5. We can infer from the passage that ______. A. Nanjing has a short history B. there are no modern buildings in Nanjing C. the transport in Nanjing is very good D. few people visit Nanjing every year （C） ORBIS is an international charity. It helps people with eye problems in poor countries. ORBIS uses its Flying Eye Hospital to help patients. The Flying Eye Hospital is a special plane. It has a hospital inside it. Doctors and nurses from all over the world volunteer to work on the plane. They give free eye operations to people in need. They also teach local doctors and nurses new skills. This way, more people can get help in the future. ORBIS has helped millions of people around the world. It has trained thousands of local doctors and nurses. Many people who were blind can now see again. However, there are still many people who need help. ORBIS needs more volunteers and donations（捐赠）. If you want to help, you can visit their website or make a donation. Every little bit helps. 1. What does ORBIS do? A. It helps people with eye problems. B. It builds hospitals in poor countries. C. It trains doctors and nurses in rich countries. D. It gives money to poor people. 2. What is the Flying Eye Hospital? A. A big hospital in a city. B. A special plane with a hospital inside. C. A group of doctors and nurses. D. A charity website. 3. Why do ORBIS doctors teach local doctors and nurses? A. Because they want to make more money. B. Because they want more people to get help in the future. C. Because they don't have enough time to help everyone. D. Because local doctors and nurses are better. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. ORBIS charges patients for eye operations. B. ORBIS has helped billions of people. C. ORBIS needs more volunteers and donations. D. All blind people can now see again. 5. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce ORBIS and call on people to help. B. To tell people how to become a volunteer. C. To show how to make a donation. D. To talk about eye problems in poor countries. （D） Switzerland is a country in Europe. It is famous for its beautiful mountains and clean environment. Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world. In Switzerland, people are very careful about waste. They sort their waste into different categories: paper, glass, plastic, metal and organic waste（有机垃圾）. Each category has its own recycling bin. People must put their waste in the right bin. If they don't, they may have to pay a fine（罚款）. Switzerland also has many recycling centers. People can take their old furniture, electronics and clothes there. These things are then reused or recycled. Recycling is very important for the environment. It saves energy and resources（资源）. It also reduces pollution. Switzerland's success shows that everyone can do something to protect the environment. 1. What is Switzerland famous for? A. Its high level of waste recycling. B. Its beautiful mountains and clean environment. C. Its delicious food. D. Both A and B. 2. Which of the following is NOT a waste category mentioned in the passage? A. Paper. B. Glass. C. Wood. D. Plastic. 3. What may happen if people don't put their waste in the right bin? A. They will be praised. B. They will have to pay a fine. C. They will have to sort the waste again. D. Nothing will happen. 4. What can people take to recycling centers? A. Old furniture. B. Electronics. C. Clothes. D. All of the above. 5. What can we learn from Switzerland's example? A. Recycling is too difficult for ordinary people. B. Only rich countries can recycle waste. C. Everyone can do something to protect the environment. D. Recycling doesn't help much with pollution. 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Last week, our school organized a volunteer activity. We went to the old people's home to help the elderly. I think it is very m____1____ to help people in need. When we arrived, the old people were very happy to see us. We first cleaned their rooms and w____2____ the windows. Then we sang songs and told stories to them. Some of us even taught them how to use smartphones. It was p____3____ to see the smiles on their faces. After lunch, we had a talk with the old people. They told us a____4____ their life in the past. We learned a lot from their stories. We also told them about our school life and interesting things that t____5____ place recently. Before we left, we gave the old people some gifts. They thanked us again and again. On the way back to school, I thought a lot. The old people really need our care and love. We should spend more time with them. I also learned that helping others is helping o____6____. It makes us feel happy and satisfied. I hope more people will j____7____ us in volunteering. If everyone gives a little love, the world will become a better place. Next month, we will have a____8____ volunteer activity. We are going to collect books for the children in poor areas. We believe that books can c____9____ their lives. We are also planning to start a recycling program in our community. It will help to p____10____ the environment. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业14 全册核心基础句型默写与同义转换 一、各单元必考基础句型（教材原句，要求默写） Unit1： Great changes have taken place in Shenzhen over the years. Unit1： Transport has also improved a lot. Unit2： Nanjing rests in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Unit2： It is well worth a visit. Unit3： Liverpool only comes after London in the UK for museums. Unit4： I don't know which book to choose first. Unit5： It is polite to keep quiet in public. Unit6： It is meaningful to help people in need. Unit7： ORBIS uses its Flying Eye Hospital to help patients. Unit8： Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world. 二、同义转换核心类型 1. 同义替换 take place = change a lot be worth doing = be worthy of being done provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 2. 语态转换：主动句↔被动句 We built the bridge last year. → The bridge was built last year. 3. 句型转换 It is adj. to do = To do is adj. too...to... = not...enough to... 4. 简单句↔复合句 I don't know what to do. → I don't know what I should do. 三、易错易混概念 1. 句型转换时时态不一致 2. 同义替换时漏词或多词 3. 被动句转换时漏掉 be 动词或过去分词拼写错误 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Great changes ______ in my hometown since 2010. A. took place B. have taken place C. were taken place D. have been taken place 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自 2010 年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。考点：现在完成时与动词短语。since + 时间点是现在完成时的标志；take place 为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，故选 B。 2. —What do you think of the Nanjing Museum? —It is amazing and well worth ______. A. visit B. to visit C. visiting D. visited 【答案】C 【解析】句意：—— 你觉得南京博物院怎么样？—— 它令人惊叹，非常值得参观。考点：固定搭配。be worth doing 为固定结构，意为 “值得做某事”，主动形式表被动含义，故选 C。 3. The old hospital ______ by the volunteers last month. A. was painted B. painted C. is painted D. paints 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这家旧医院上个月被志愿者粉刷了。考点：一般过去时的被动语态。主语 hospital 与 paint 是被动关系；last month 表过去时间，用一般过去时的被动结构，故选 A。 4. I don't know ______ for the coming summer holiday. A. where go B. where to go C. where should I go D. to where go 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我不知道即将到来的暑假要去哪里。考点：“疑问词 + 不定式” 结构。动词 know 后可接 “疑问词 + to do” 作宾语；宾语从句需用陈述语序，C 语序错误，故选 B。 5. It is important ______ the environment around us. A. protect B. protecting C. to protect D. protected 【答案】C 【解析】句意：保护我们周围的环境很重要。考点：固定句型。It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 为固定句型，it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式，故选 C。 6. ORBIS provides poor patients ______ free eye operations. A. for B. with C. to D. of 【答案】B 【解析】句意：奥比斯为贫困患者提供免费眼科手术。考点：固定搭配。provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.，意为 “为某人提供某物”，此处后接人，用 with，故选 B。 7. The box is too heavy for me ______. A. carry B. carrying C. to carry D. carried 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这个箱子太重了，我搬不动。考点：固定结构。too + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 意为 “太…… 而不能……”，后接动词不定式，故选 C。 8. Switzerland is famous for its high level of waste ______. A. recycle B. recycling C. recycled D. recycles 【答案】B 【解析】句意：瑞士以其高水平的废物回收利用闻名。考点：动名词用法。waste recycling 为固定表达，意为 “废物回收”；介词 of 后接动名词形式，故选 B。 9. It is ______ to laugh at people in trouble. A. polite B. impolite C. meaningful D. useless 【答案】B 【解析】句意：嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的。考点：形容词词义辨析。polite 礼貌的；impolite 不礼貌的；meaningful 有意义的；useless 无用的。结合语境，嘲笑他人是不礼貌的，故选 B。 10. Which of the following sentences has the same meaning as "To help others is happy"? A. It is happy to help others. B. Helping others is happy. C. It is happy helping others. D. Both A and B. 【答案】D 【解析】句意：以下哪个句子与 “帮助他人是快乐的” 意思相同？考点：同义句转换。不定式作主语（To help others）与动名词作主语（Helping others）可互换；也可转换为 it 作形式主语的结构 It is happy to help others，A、B 均正确，故选 D。 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. They have built a new bridge over the river.（改为被动语态） A new bridge ______ ______ ______ over the river. 【答案】has been built 【解析】原句是现在完成时的主动语态，改为被动语态时，结构为「have/has been + 动词过去分词」。主语 A new bridge 是第三人称单数，助动词用 has；动词 build 的过去分词为 built，因此填 has been built。 2. The girl is too young to go to school.（改为同义句） The girl is ______ ______ ______ to go to school. 【答案】not old enough 【解析】too...to... 结构意为「太…… 而不能……」，可转换为「not + 形容词反义词 + enough to do sth」的同义结构，意为「不够…… 而无法做某事」。young 的反义词是 old，因此填 not old enough。 3. I don't know how I can get to the train station.（改为简单句） I don't know ______ ______ ______ to the train station. 【答案】how to get 【解析】当宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，「疑问词 + 宾语从句」可简化为「疑问词 + 动词不定式」的简单句结构。原句 how I can get 可简化为 how to get，句意不变，因此填 how to get。 4. Our school provides us with delicious food.（改为同义句） Our school ______ delicious food ______ us. 【答案】provides; for 【解析】固定搭配 provide sb. with sth. 意为「给某人提供某物」，其同义结构为 provide sth. for sb.。主语 Our school 是第三人称单数，一般现在时中谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 provides，因此依次填 provides 和 for。 5. It is necessary to learn English well.（改为同义句） ______ ______ ______ well is necessary. 【答案】To learn English 【解析】原句中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语 to learn English well。改为同义句时，可将真正的主语不定式短语直接提前作句子主语，句首首字母大写，因此填 To learn English。 6. The film is very worth watching.（改为同义句） The film is ______ ______ ______ ______. 【答案】worthy of being watched 【解析】be worth doing 是主动形式表被动含义，意为「值得被做」，其同义结构为 be worthy of being done。动词 watch 的过去分词是 watched，四个空正好对应 worthy of being watched。补充：worth 习惯上用 well 修饰而非 very，well worth watching 也是同义表达，但只有 3 个词，不符合本题空格要求。 7. Many people in need ______ ______（被帮助）by the charity every year. 【答案】are helped 【解析】根据时间标志词 every year 可知时态为一般现在时；主语 Many people 是复数，且「被帮助」表被动含义。一般现在时的被动语态结构为「am/is/are + 动词过去分词」，复数主语搭配 be 动词 are，help 的过去分词为 helped，因此填 are helped。 8. We ______ ______ ______ (习惯于) getting up early now. 【答案】are used to 【解析】固定搭配：be used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事（to 是介词，后接动名词）。主语为 We，be 动词用are；结合时间状语 now，时态为一般现在时。 9. He didn't know which T-shirt he should buy.（改为简单句） He didn't know ______ ______ ______ ______. 【答案】which T-shirt to buy 【解析】原句是 which 引导的宾语从句，主句主语 he 和从句主语一致，可简化为「疑问词 + 名词 + 动词不定式」的简单句结构。which T-shirt he should buy 可简化为 which T-shirt to buy，句意保持不变，因此填 which T-shirt to buy。 10. She likes dancing very much.（改为一般疑问句） ______ ______ ______ dancing very much? 【答案】Does she like 【解析】原句是一般现在时，主语 she 是第三人称单数。变一般疑问句需借助助动词 Does，谓语动词变回原形 like。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last summer, our class started a recycling（回收）project to make our school greener. We wanted to show everyone that recycling is 1 and can make a big difference. First, we 2 a meeting to talk about our plan. We decided to put different recycling bins around the school: blue for paper, green for glass, and yellow for plastic. We also made posters to tell students 3 to use them correctly. At first, it was not easy. Many students didn't know which bin to use. Some even threw all their rubbish into the same bin. But we didn't 4 . We stood by the bins during break time and helped them sort（分类）their rubbish. Slowly, things got better. More and more students started to join us. We collected a lot of paper, glass and plastic every week. Then we sold them to a recycling center and used the 5 to buy books for the school library. Our project was very successful. The headmaster praised us and said our school had one of the 6 recycling programs in the city. We also learned that 7 is polite to keep our school clean and green. Now, our project has become a model for other schools. Many schools come to visit us and learn 8 our experience. We feel very proud 9 we can do something meaningful for our school and the environment. As the saying goes, "Small actions can make a big difference." If everyone 10 a little effort, our world will become a better place. 1. A. boring B. meaningless C. important D. difficult 2. A. hold B. held C. were held D. have held 3. A. how B. what C. where D. when 4. A. give up B. take up C. put up D. turn up 5. A. food B. money C. books D. bins 6. A. worst B. best C. smallest D. largest 7. A. this B. that C. it D. one 8. A. from B. about C. with D. to 9. A. so B. because C. but D. though 10. A. make B. makes C. made D. will make 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. A 5. B 6. B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了去年夏天作者所在班级开展校园回收项目的完整过程：从制定计划、克服初期困难，到项目取得成功、获得认可并成为其他学校的学习范例，点明了回收的重要性，印证了微小行动能产生积极影响的道理。 1. 句意：我们想向大家证明回收很重要，能产生巨大影响。解析：结合后文 “can make a big difference”，可知回收是有价值、重要的。boring 无聊的、meaningless 无意义的、difficult 困难的均不符合语境，故选 C。 2. 句意：首先，我们召开会议讨论计划。解析：hold a meeting 为固定搭配，意为 “开会”；文章讲述去年夏天的事，用一般过去时，hold 的过去式为 held，且主语 we 是动作的发出者，用主动语态，故选 B。 3. 句意：我们还制作海报，告诉学生如何正确使用回收箱。解析：海报的作用是讲解使用方法，how to use 表示 “如何使用”，符合语境，故选 A。 4. 句意：但我们没有放弃。解析：前文提到初期推行困难，后文说我们主动站在垃圾桶旁帮忙分类，可见我们没有放弃。give up 放弃；take up 占据；put up 张贴；turn up 调大，故选 A。 5. 句意：我们把废品卖给回收中心，用这笔钱给校图书馆买书。解析：卖废品会得到钱，用钱买书，money 符合逻辑，故选 B。 6. 句意：校长表扬了我们，说我校的回收项目是全市最好的项目之一。解析：“one of + the + 形容词最高级” 是固定结构；结合校长表扬的语境，best（最好的）符合，故选 B。 7. 句意：我们也明白了，保持校园清洁环保是有礼貌的行为。解析：It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 是固定句型，it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式，故选 C。 8. 句意：很多学校来参观，学习我们的经验。解析：learn from 为固定搭配，意为 “向…… 学习”，符合语境，故选 A。 9. 句意：我们感到很自豪，因为我们能为学校和环境做有意义的事。解析：后半句是前半句 “感到自豪” 的原因，用 because 引导原因状语从句，故选 B。 10. 句意：如果每个人都付出一点努力，我们的世界会变得更美好。解析：if 引导条件状语从句，遵循 “主将从现” 原则；everyone 作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故选 B。 二、阅读理解： （A） Shenzhen is a city in southern China. It used to be a small fishing village. But over the past 40 years, great changes have taken place there. It has become one of the most important cities in China. Today, Shenzhen is a modern and beautiful city. There are many tall buildings, wide roads and beautiful parks. The transport has also improved a lot. You can take the subway, bus or taxi to go anywhere in the city. There are also two airports and several railway stations. Shenzhen is also famous for its technology. Many famous technology companies are based there, such as Huawei and Tencent. Every year, millions of people come to Shenzhen to work and visit. However, Shenzhen is still developing. It is becoming more and more beautiful. I believe that Shenzhen will have an even better future. 1. What was Shenzhen like 40 years ago? A. A modern city. B. A small fishing village. C. A famous technology center. D. A busy port city. 2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the transport in Shenzhen? A. Subway. B. Bus. C. Plane. D. Ship. 3. What is Shenzhen famous for? A. Its beautiful parks. B. Its technology. C. Its fishing industry. D. Its old buildings. 4. What does the underlined word "based" mean in Chinese? A. 基于 B. 基地 C. 总部位于 D. 基础 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. Shenzhen's past and present. B. The transport in Shenzhen. C. The technology in Shenzhen. D. The future of Shenzhen. 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. B 4. C 5. A 【解析】本文为说明文，介绍了深圳的发展历程，讲述它过去是小渔村，历经四十年发展成为现代化都市，还介绍了当地交通、科技优势，并展望了城市未来。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 It used to be a small fishing village. 可知，四十年前深圳是一座小渔村，故选 B。 2. 细节判断题。文中提到地铁、公交、出租车、机场、火车站，未提及轮船，故选 D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段 Shenzhen is also famous for its technology. 可知深圳以科技闻名，故选 B。 4. 词义猜测题。结合语境，众多科技公司总部设在深圳，based 此处意为 “总部位于”，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。文章介绍了深圳的过去、如今的面貌与发展现状，核心是深圳的今昔变化，故选 A。 （B） Nanjing is the capital of Jiangsu Province. It rests in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. It is a city with a long history and rich culture. Nanjing has many places of interest. The Nanjing Museum is one of the largest museums in China. It has a lot of valuable cultural relics（文物）. The Confucius Temple is also very famous. It is a good place to enjoy traditional Chinese culture and delicious local food. The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum is a must-see for visitors. It is the tomb of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, the great pioneer of Chinese revolution. Nanjing is also a modern city. There are many shopping malls, cinemas and restaurants. The transport is very convenient. You can take the subway to go around the city easily. Nanjing is well worth a visit. If you come to Nanjing, you will have a wonderful time. 1. Where is Nanjing located? A. In the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. B. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. C. In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. D. On the coast of the East China Sea. 2. Which place is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. The Nanjing Museum. B. The Confucius Temple. C. The Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. D. The Xuanwu Lake. 3. What can you do in the Confucius Temple? A. Enjoy traditional Chinese culture and local food. B. See many valuable cultural relics. C. Visit the tomb of Dr. Sun Yat-sen. D. Go shopping in modern malls. 4. What does the writer think of Nanjing? A. It is only an old city. B. It is only a modern city. C. It is well worth a visit. D. It is not very convenient. 5. We can infer from the passage that ______. A. Nanjing has a short history B. there are no modern buildings in Nanjing C. the transport in Nanjing is very good D. few people visit Nanjing every year 【答案】1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了江苏省省会南京的地理位置、历史文化、知名景点、城市风貌与交通情况，表达了作者认为南京值得游览的看法。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 It rests in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. 可知南京位于长江下游，故选 B。 2. 细节判断题。文中提及南京博物院、夫子庙、中山陵，未提到玄武湖，故选 D。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段 It is a good place to enjoy traditional Chinese culture and delicious local food. 可知在夫子庙可以感受传统文化、品尝当地美食，故选 A。 4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段 Nanjing is well worth a visit. 可知作者认为南京很值得游览，故选 C。 5. 推理判断题。根据第三段 The transport is very convenient. 可推断南京交通十分便利，C 正确。A、B、D 均与原文不符。 （C） ORBIS is an international charity. It helps people with eye problems in poor countries. ORBIS uses its Flying Eye Hospital to help patients. The Flying Eye Hospital is a special plane. It has a hospital inside it. Doctors and nurses from all over the world volunteer to work on the plane. They give free eye operations to people in need. They also teach local doctors and nurses new skills. This way, more people can get help in the future. ORBIS has helped millions of people around the world. It has trained thousands of local doctors and nurses. Many people who were blind can now see again. However, there are still many people who need help. ORBIS needs more volunteers and donations（捐赠）. If you want to help, you can visit their website or make a donation. Every little bit helps. 1. What does ORBIS do? A. It helps people with eye problems. B. It builds hospitals in poor countries. C. It trains doctors and nurses in rich countries. D. It gives money to poor people. 2. What is the Flying Eye Hospital? A. A big hospital in a city. B. A special plane with a hospital inside. C. A group of doctors and nurses. D. A charity website. 3. Why do ORBIS doctors teach local doctors and nurses? A. Because they want to make more money. B. Because they want more people to get help in the future. C. Because they don't have enough time to help everyone. D. Because local doctors and nurses are better. 4. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. ORBIS charges patients for eye operations. B. ORBIS has helped billions of people. C. ORBIS needs more volunteers and donations. D. All blind people can now see again. 5. What is the purpose of the passage? A. To introduce ORBIS and call on people to help. B. To tell people how to become a volunteer. C. To show how to make a donation. D. To talk about eye problems in poor countries. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 【解析】这是一篇说明类公益介绍短文。文章围绕国际慈善组织 ORBIS 展开，介绍了该组织通过 “飞行眼科医院” 为贫困国家眼疾患者提供免费治疗、培训当地医护人员的运作模式，展现了其已取得的救助成果，同时呼吁公众通过志愿参与、捐款的方式支持该组织，帮助更多眼疾人群。 1. 题干句意：ORBIS 的核心工作是什么？解析：根据首段第二句 “It helps people with eye problems in poor countries”，可知 ORBIS 的核心职能是帮助眼疾人群，对应 A 选项。 2. 题干句意：飞行眼科医院是什么？解析：根据首段最后两句 “The Flying Eye Hospital is a special plane. It has a hospital inside it”，可知它是一架内部设有医院的特殊飞机，对应 B 选项。 3. 题干句意：ORBIS 的医生为什么要培训当地医护人员？解析：根据第二段最后两句 “They also teach local doctors and nurses new skills. This way, more people can get help in the future”，可知培训的目的是让未来更多人能获得救助，对应 B 选项。 4. 题干句意：根据文章，以下哪一项表述正确？解析：根据最后一段 “ORBIS needs more volunteers and donations”，可知 C 选项符合原文内容。 5. 题干句意：这篇文章的写作目的是什么？解析：文章前半部分介绍 ORBIS 的性质、运作模式与成果，后半段呼吁公众提供支持，整体是介绍组织并号召大众助力，对应 A 选项。 （D） Switzerland is a country in Europe. It is famous for its beautiful mountains and clean environment. Switzerland has one of the highest levels of waste recycling in the world. In Switzerland, people are very careful about waste. They sort their waste into different categories: paper, glass, plastic, metal and organic waste（有机垃圾）. Each category has its own recycling bin. People must put their waste in the right bin. If they don't, they may have to pay a fine（罚款）. Switzerland also has many recycling centers. People can take their old furniture, electronics and clothes there. These things are then reused or recycled. Recycling is very important for the environment. It saves energy and resources（资源）. It also reduces pollution. Switzerland's success shows that everyone can do something to protect the environment. 1. What is Switzerland famous for? A. Its high level of waste recycling. B. Its beautiful mountains and clean environment. C. Its delicious food. D. Both A and B. 2. Which of the following is NOT a waste category mentioned in the passage? A. Paper. B. Glass. C. Wood. D. Plastic. 3. What may happen if people don't put their waste in the right bin? A. They will be praised. B. They will have to pay a fine. C. They will have to sort the waste again. D. Nothing will happen. 4. What can people take to recycling centers? A. Old furniture. B. Electronics. C. Clothes. D. All of the above. 5. What can we learn from Switzerland's example? A. Recycling is too difficult for ordinary people. B. Only rich countries can recycle waste. C. Everyone can do something to protect the environment. D. Recycling doesn't help much with pollution. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. C 【解析】这是一篇环保主题的说明类短文。文章围绕瑞士的垃圾回收体系展开，介绍了瑞士的垃圾分类规则、配套回收中心的运作方式，同时阐述了垃圾回收对节约能源资源、减少污染的环境意义，最后借瑞士的成功案例点明：每个人都可以为环境保护贡献力量。 1. 题干句意：瑞士以什么而闻名？解析：根据第一段第二句 “It is famous for its beautiful mountains and clean environment”，可知瑞士因美丽的山脉和洁净的环境闻名，对应 B 选项。 2. 题干句意：以下哪一项不是文中提到的垃圾分类类别？解析：根据第二段列举的分类 “paper, glass, plastic, metal and organic waste”，可知木材（wood）不在提及的分类中，对应 C 选项。 3. 题干句意：如果人们没有把垃圾扔进正确的垃圾桶，可能会发生什么？解析：根据第二段 “If they don't, they may have to pay a fine”，可知未正确分类投放垃圾可能会被处以罚款，对应 B 选项。 4. 题干句意：人们可以把哪些物品带到回收中心？解析：根据第三段 “People can take their old furniture, electronics and clothes there”，可知旧家具、电子产品、衣物均可带到回收中心，对应 D 选项 “以上全部”。 5. 题干句意：我们能从瑞士的例子中得到什么启示？解析：根据文章最后一句 “Switzerland's success shows that everyone can do something to protect the environment”，可知瑞士的案例说明每个人都能为环保出一份力，对应 C 选项。 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Last week, our school organized a volunteer activity. We went to the old people's home to help the elderly. I think it is very m____1____ to help people in need. When we arrived, the old people were very happy to see us. We first cleaned their rooms and w____2____ the windows. Then we sang songs and told stories to them. Some of us even taught them how to use smartphones. It was p____3____ to see the smiles on their faces. After lunch, we had a talk with the old people. They told us a____4____ their life in the past. We learned a lot from their stories. We also told them about our school life and interesting things that t____5____ place recently. Before we left, we gave the old people some gifts. They thanked us again and again. On the way back to school, I thought a lot. The old people really need our care and love. We should spend more time with them. I also learned that helping others is helping o____6____. It makes us feel happy and satisfied. I hope more people will j____7____ us in volunteering. If everyone gives a little love, the world will become a better place. Next month, we will have a____8____ volunteer activity. We are going to collect books for the children in poor areas. We believe that books can c____9____ their lives. We are also planning to start a recycling program in our community. It will help to p____10____ the environment. 【答案】1. meaningful 2. washed 3. pleasant 4. about 5. took 6. ourselves 7. join 8. another 9. change 10. protect 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己参与学校组织的敬老院志愿活动的完整经历，描述了活动中的具体工作与和老人的互动，分享了自己从活动中获得的感悟，同时介绍了后续计划开展的其他志愿项目，呼吁更多人参与志愿服务、传递爱心。 1. 句意：我认为帮助有需要的人是非常有意义的。解析：be 动词后接形容词作表语，结合首字母 m 和 “帮助他人” 的语境，meaningful（有意义的）符合语义逻辑。 2. 句意：我们先打扫了他们的房间，擦洗了窗户。解析：and 连接并列的过去式谓语动词，与 cleaned 对应；结合首字母 w 和 “窗户” 的搭配，wash（清洗）的过去式 washed 符合时态与语义。 3. 句意：看到他们脸上的笑容是一件令人愉快的事。解析：it 作形式主语，指代后面的不定式事件，需用形容词描述事物属性；结合首字母 p，pleasant（令人愉快的）符合语境。 4. 句意：他们给我们讲述了自己过去的生活。解析：固定搭配 tell sb. about sth. 表示 “告诉某人关于某事”，结合首字母 a，about 符合固定搭配。 5. 句意：我们也和他们聊了我们的校园生活，以及最近发生的趣事。解析：固定短语 take place 表示 “发生”；主句为一般过去时，从句描述过去的事件也用一般过去时，take 的过去式 took 符合时态与搭配。 6. 句意：我也懂得了，帮助别人就是帮助我们自己。解析：结合句意和首字母 o，此处对应主语 we，表示 “我们自己”，用反身代词 ourselves 符合语义。 7. 句意：我希望更多人能加入我们的志愿活动。解析：will 后接动词原形，结合首字母 j 和 “加入某人” 的语义，join 符合用法与语境。 8. 句意：下个月，我们会有另一场志愿活动。解析：前文已经介绍了一场敬老院志愿活动，此处指 “再一场、另一场”，结合首字母 a，another 符合语境。 9. 句意：我们相信书籍能够改变他们的人生。解析：can 后接动词原形，结合首字母 c 和 “人生” 的搭配，change（改变）符合语义。 10. 句意：这会有助于保护环境。解析：help to do sth. 结构中 to 后接动词原形，结合首字母 p 和 “环境” 的搭配，protect（保护）符合语义。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $