暑假作业12 全册核心词性转换专项（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 以构词法规则为核心，串联单元必考转换与易错点，形成“规则-应用-突破”三阶训练体系，提升语言转换能力与学习策略。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |核心构词法规则|4类规则+12例|动词→名词(+ment/tion/er)、形→副(+ly/不规则)等规则分类|从词性转换一般规则到具体词缀变化，构建语法生成逻辑| |各单元必考转换|8单元32个核心词|单元高频词转换清单（如develop→development）|规则在教材语境中的应用，强化知识迁移| |易错易混概念|3类易错点+例句|形容词副词用法区分、否定前缀辨析等技巧|针对转换陷阱，完善知识网络| |综合题型|单选10题+完成句子10题+完形10题+阅读4篇+首字母10空|以题练规则，结合语境考查转换应用|从基础选择到语篇填空，实现能力层级提升|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业12 全册核心词性转换专项 一、核心构词法规则 1. 动词→名词 +ment：develop→development, improve→improvement +tion：invent→invention, operate→operation +er/or（表人）：visit→visitor, work→worker, act→actor 2. 形容词→副词 一般加 ly：polite→politely, careful→carefully 辅音 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 ly：happy→happily, easy→easily 不规则：true→truly, terrible→terribly 3. 名词→形容词 +al：culture→cultural, medicine→medical +ful：help→helpful, care→careful +less（否定）：use→useless, hope→hopeless 4. 否定前缀：un-, im-, dis- happy→unhappy, polite→impolite, like→dislike 二、各单元必考转换 Unit1： develop→development/developing/developed; innovate→innovation; improve→improvement Unit2： history→historic/historical; culture→cultural; tour→tourist/tourism Unit3： visit→visitor; explore→exploration; amaze→amazing/amazed Unit4： write→writer; read→reader; invent→invention/inventor Unit5： polite→impolite→politely; behave→behavior; care→careful/careless Unit6： volunteer→voluntary; help→helpful; kind→kindness Unit7： medicine→medical; treat→treatment; operate→operation Unit8： pollute→pollution/polluted; recycle→recycling; use→useful/useless 三、易错易混概念 1. 形容词变副词的不规则变化（如 true→truly，不是 truely） 2. 混淆形容词和副词的用法（修饰动词用副词，修饰名词用形容词） 错误：He runs quick. 正确：He runs quickly. 3. 否定前缀错误（如 polite 的否定是 impolite，不是 unpolite） 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The government has made great ______ in improving the public transportation system in Nanjing. A. develop B. development C. developing D. developed 【答案】B 【解析】句意：政府在改善南京公共交通系统方面取得了巨大发展。考查词性辨析，形容词 great 后需接名词，development 是名词 “发展”，符合固定搭配 make great development，故选 B。 2. We should speak to the old ______ and show our respect to them. A. polite B. impolite C. politely D. impolitely 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我们应该礼貌地和老人说话，向他们表示尊重。考查副词用法，修饰动词 speak 需用副词，politely 是副词 “礼貌地”，符合语境，故选 C。 3. The ______ of the new robot will change people's lives greatly in the future. A. invent B. invention C. inventor D. invented 【答案】B 【解析】句意：这款新机器人的发明将在未来极大改变人们的生活。考查词性辨析，“the + 名词 + of” 为名词所有格结构，invention 是名词 “发明”，符合语境，故选 B。 4. It's ______ to laugh at people who are in trouble. We should try to help them. A. kind B. kindness C. polite D. impolite 【答案】D 【解析】句意：嘲笑处于困境中的人是不礼貌的，我们应该尽力帮助他们。考查 It's + adj. + to do 句型，impolite 是形容词 “不礼貌的”，符合语义逻辑，故选 D。 5. Many ______ come to visit the Confucius Temple (夫子庙) in Nanjing every year. A. tour B. tourism C. tourists D. touring 【答案】C 【解析】句意：每年很多游客来参观南京夫子庙。考查词性辨析，many 后接可数名词复数，tourists 是名词复数 “游客”，符合语境，故选 C。 6. The doctor said that the old man needed an ______ at once. A. operate B. operation C. operating D. operator 【答案】B 【解析】句意：医生说这位老人需要立刻做手术。考查词性辨析，不定冠词 an 后接名词，operation 是名词 “手术”，符合搭配，故选 B。 7. We should stop using plastic bags because they cause serious ______ to the environment. A. pollute B. pollution C. polluted D. polluting 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们应该停止使用塑料袋，因为它们对环境造成严重污染。考查词性辨析，形容词 serious 后接名词，pollution 是不可数名词 “污染”，符合语境，故选 B。 8. Tom is a ______ boy. He always helps his classmates with their studies. A. help B. helpful C. helpless D. helping 【答案】B 【解析】句意：汤姆是个乐于助人的男孩，他总是在学习上帮助同学。考查形容词用法，修饰名词 boy 需用形容词，helpful 是形容词 “乐于助人的”，符合语境，故选 B。 9. ______, he passed the math exam though he was ill for a long time. A. Lucky B. Unlucky C. Luckily D. Unluckily 【答案】C 【解析】句意：幸运的是，尽管他病了很久，还是通过了数学考试。考查副词用法，修饰整个句子需用副词，luckily 是副词 “幸运地”，作句首状语，符合语境，故选 C。 10. The ______ workers are trying their best to save the people in the earthquake-hit area. A. medicine B. medical C. medically D. medication 【答案】B 【解析】句意：医护人员正尽全力营救地震灾区的人们。考查形容词用法，修饰名词 workers 需用形容词，medical 是形容词 “医疗的”，medical workers 为固定表达 “医护人员”，故选 B。 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 这个小男孩对科学很感兴趣，他长大后想成为一名发明家。 The little boy is very interested in science and he wants to be an ______ when he grows up. 【答案】inventor 【解析】不定冠词 an 后接可数名词单数，结合 “发明家” 的语义，填 inventor（发明家，名词）。 2. 如果你想取得进步，你必须更加努力地学习。 If you want to make ______, you must study harder. 【答案】progress 【解析】make progress 是固定搭配，意为 “取得进步”，progress 为不可数名词。 3. 我们应该采取措施保护历史建筑。 We should take measures to protect the ______ buildings. 【答案】historical 【解析】修饰名词 buildings 需用形容词，history 的形容词形式 historical（历史的）符合 “历史建筑” 的语义。 4. 她是一个粗心的女孩，经常在作业中犯错误。 She is a ______ girl and often makes mistakes in her homework. 【答案】careless 【解析】修饰名词 girl 需用形容词，结合后文 “经常犯错误” 可知填 careless（粗心的）。 5. 这位著名的作家已经写了很多受欢迎的书。 The famous ______ has written many popular books. 【答案】writer 【解析】形容词 famous 后接名词，结合 “作家” 的含义，谓语 has 表单数，填 writer（作家，名词单数）。 6. 回收利用纸张对保护环境很重要。 ______ paper is very important for protecting the environment. 【答案】Recycling 【解析】句中缺少主语，用动名词短语作主语；recycle 的动名词形式为 Recycling，句首首字母大写。 7. 他的善良让我们所有人都很感动。 His ______ made all of us moved. 【答案】kindness 【解析】形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，kind 的名词形式 kindness（善良）作句子主语。 8. 请把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。 Please keep the ______ out of the reach of children. 【答案】medicine 【解析】定冠词 the 后接名词，medicine（药）为不可数名词，符合句意。 9. （句型转换）He is a careful driver.（改为同义句） He drives ______. 【答案】carefully 【解析】修饰动词 drives 需用副词，careful 的副词形式为 carefully（细心地），与原句语义一致。 10. （句型转换）She likes playing basketball.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ playing basketball. 【答案】doesn’t like 【解析】原句为一般现在时，主语 she 是第三人称单数，变否定句借助助动词 doesn't，后接动词原形 like。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Our school started a "Green Campus" project last month. All the students and teachers took an active part in it. We wanted to make our school more beautiful and less 1. ______. First, we made posters to tell everyone the 2. ______ of protecting the environment. Then we started to collect waste paper, bottles and cans for 3. ______. Every class had a recycling box. We also encouraged students to use both sides of the paper and to bring 4. ______ water bottles instead of plastic ones. Our art teacher, Ms. Li, is very 5. ______. She taught us to make useful things from waste materials. We made pencil boxes, bags and even decorations for the classroom. It was really amazing to see how "waste" could become so 6. ______. Last week, we planted some trees and flowers around the school. The workers from the park gave us some 7. ______ advice on how to look after them. We took turns to water the plants every day. Now our school looks much greener and more beautiful. The project has taught us a lot. We have learned that everyone can do something to make a difference. Small actions can lead to big 8. ______. We hope that more people will join us in protecting the environment. Let's work together to create a 9. ______ world for ourselves and for future generations. We are very proud of our achievements. We will 10. ______ our "Green Campus" project and make our school even better. 1. A. pollute B. pollution C. polluted D. polluting 2. A. important B. unimportant C. importantly D. importance 3. A. recycle B. recycled C.recycling D. recyclable 4. A. reuse B. reused C. reusing D. reusable 5. A. create B. creative C. creativity D. creatively 6. A. use B. useless C. useful D. using 7. A. help B. helpful C. helpless D. helping 8. A. improve B. improved C. improving D. improvement 9. A. better B. worse C. best D. worst 10. A. continue B. continuous C. continuing D. continued 【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. A 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了学校启动 “绿色校园” 环保项目后，全体师生通过宣传环保、回收废品、变废为宝、种植绿植等行动美化校园的过程，传递了 “小行动能带来大改变” 的环保理念，表达了持续推进环保项目的决心。 1. 句意：我们想让校园更美丽、更少受污染。解析：考查 “make + 宾语 + 形容词” 结构，less 后接形容词原级；polluted 为形容词，表 “受污染的”，符合语法与语境，故选 C。 2. 句意：首先我们制作海报，告诉所有人保护环境的重要性。解析：考查 “the + 名词 + of” 固定结构；importance 为名词，the importance of 表示 “…… 的重要性”，故选 D。 3. 句意：之后我们开始收集废纸、瓶子和易拉罐用于回收。解析：考查介词用法，for 后接动名词；recycling 是动名词，表 “回收利用”，符合语法规则，故选 C。 4. 句意：我们也鼓励学生双面用纸，携带可重复使用的水杯代替塑料杯。解析：考查形容词修饰名词；reusable 为形容词，表 “可重复使用的”，修饰 water bottles，符合语义，故选 D。 5. 句意：我们的美术老师李老师非常有创造力。解析：考查形容词作表语；系动词 is 后接形容词，creative 表 “有创造力的”，对应后文 “用废品做物品” 的内容，故选 B。 6. 句意：看到 “废品” 能变得如此有用，真的很令人惊喜。解析：考查形容词作表语；系动词 become 后接形容词，useful 表 “有用的”，呼应前文 “制作有用的物品”，故选 C。 7. 句意：公园的工作人员给了我们一些照料植物的有用建议。解析：考查形容词修饰名词；helpful 为形容词，表 “有帮助的”，修饰 advice，符合语境，故选 B。 8. 句意：小小的行动能带来巨大的改善。解析：考查名词用法；形容词 big 后接名词，improvement 为名词，表 “改善、提升”，符合搭配，故选 D。 9. 句意：让我们共同努力，为自己和后代创造一个更美好的世界。解析：考查形容词比较级；结合全文环保主题，better 表 “更好的”，符合语义逻辑，故选 A。 10. 句意：我们会继续 “绿色校园” 项目，让学校变得更好。解析：考查动词用法；助动词 will 后接动词原形，continue 表 “继续”，符合语法与语境，故选 A。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （A） Do you know who invented the telephone? It was Alexander Graham Bell. He was born in Scotland in 1847. Bell was a very clever man. He was interested in helping people who could not hear. He wanted to invent a machine that could help deaf people communicate better. In 1876, Bell and his assistant Thomas Watson worked very hard on their invention. One day, Bell accidentally spilled some acid (酸) on his clothes. He cried out, "Mr. Watson, come here! I want to see you!" Watson heard these words clearly through the telephone in the next room. That was the first telephone call in history. The invention of the telephone was a great development in communication. It changed the way people talked to each other. Before the telephone, people had to send letters or telegrams to communicate with people far away. Now they could talk to each other in real time. Bell did not stop there. He invented many other things, including the photophone (光线电话机) and the metal detector (金属探测器). He also helped to set up the National Geographic Society. Bell died in 1922. He was 75 years old. Today, we still remember him as one of the greatest inventors of all time. 1. What was Alexander Graham Bell interested in? A. Helping people who could not see. B. Helping people who could not hear. C. Helping people who could not walk. D. Helping people who could not speak. 2. When was the first telephone call made? A. In 1847. B. In 1876. C. In 1922. D. In 1976. 3. What does the underlined word "accidentally" mean in Chinese? A. 故意地 B. 意外地 C. 开心地 D. 伤心地 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Bell was born in Scotland. B. Thomas Watson was Bell's assistant. C. Bell invented only the telephone. D. Bell helped to set up the National Geographic Society. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The life and inventions of Alexander Graham Bell. B. How the telephone was invented. C. The importance of the telephone. D. The first telephone call in history. 【答案】1. B 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A 【解析】这是一篇人物介绍类说明文，主旨是讲述亚历山大・格雷厄姆・贝尔的生平经历，重点介绍了他发明电话的过程与历史意义，同时提及他的其他发明成果和社会贡献，展现了其作为伟大发明家的成就。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “He was interested in helping people who could not hear.” 可知，贝尔的兴趣是帮助听障人士，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “In 1876... That was the first telephone call in history.” 可知，历史上第一通电话产生于 1876 年，故选 B。 3. 词义猜测题。结合语境，贝尔打翻酸是突发的意外事件，由此可推断 accidentally 意为 “意外地”，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第四段 “He invented many other things” 可知，贝尔不止发明了电话，C 项表述与原文不符，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。全文覆盖了贝尔的生平、电话发明过程、其他发明与社会贡献，核心是介绍贝尔的人生与发明成就，故选 A。 （B） Nanjing is a beautiful city with a long history. It was the capital of six dynasties (朝代) in ancient China. There are many historic places in Nanjing, such as the Confucius Temple, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum (明孝陵) and the Presidential Palace (总统府). Every year, millions of tourists come to visit Nanjing. They come to see the beautiful scenery and learn about the city's history and culture. The Confucius Temple is one of the most popular places. It is located on the bank of the Qinhuai River. At night, the river is lit up with colorful lights. Tourists can take a boat ride along the river and enjoy the beautiful views. Nanjing is also famous for its delicious food. The most famous food is Nanjing salted duck (盐水鸭). It has a history of more than 1,000 years. Other famous foods include duck blood soup (鸭血粉丝汤) and small steamed buns (小笼包). Nanjing is a modern city as well. There are many tall buildings, shopping malls and parks. The city has developed very fast in recent years. The public transportation system is very convenient. People can take the subway, bus or taxi to go anywhere in the city. If you have a chance to visit Nanjing, you will surely have a wonderful time. 1. How many dynasties was Nanjing the capital of in ancient China? A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 2. Where is the Confucius Temple located? A. On the bank of the Yangtze River. B. On the bank of the Qinhuai River. C. On the bank of the Yellow River. D. On the bank of the Huaihe River. 3. What is the most famous food in Nanjing? A. Duck blood soup. B. Small steamed buns. C. Nanjing salted duck. D. Beijing duck. 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Historic places. B. Delicious food. C. Modern development. D. Famous universities. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Nanjing is a city with both history and modern development. B. Few tourists come to visit Nanjing every year. C. The public transportation in Nanjing is not convenient. D. Nanjing is not a beautiful city. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 【解析】这是一篇城市介绍类说明文，主旨是从历史名胜、旅游特色、地道美食与现代发展四个维度介绍南京，展现这座城市兼具深厚历史底蕴与现代化活力的特点，向读者发出游览推荐。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “It was the capital of six dynasties in ancient China.” 可知，南京在古代是六个朝代的都城，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “It is located on the bank of the Qinhuai River.” 可知，夫子庙坐落于秦淮河畔，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “The most famous food is Nanjing salted duck.” 可知，南京最具代表性的美食是盐水鸭，故选 C。 4. 细节理解题。文章依次介绍了历史名胜、美食、现代城市发展，全程未提及知名大学，故选 D。 5. 推理判断题。结合全文对南京历史古迹与现代建设的双重描述，可推断南京是一座历史底蕴与现代发展并存的城市，故选 A。 （C） Volunteering is becoming more and more popular in China. Many people, especially young people, are willing to volunteer their time to help others. There are many different kinds of volunteer work, such as helping the elderly, teaching children in poor areas, and protecting the environment. Last summer, I joined a volunteer group. We went to a village in Sichuan Province. The village was very poor. Many children there could not go to school because their parents could not afford the tuition (学费). We taught the children English, math and music. We also gave them books, clothes and school things. The children were very happy to see us. They were very friendly and hard-working. We played games with them and told them stories. They told us about their lives and their dreams. It was a very meaningful experience for me. I learned a lot from the volunteer work. I learned that there are many people who need our help. I also learned that helping others can make us happy. Small acts of kindness can make a big difference in someone's life. I will continue to do volunteer work in the future. I hope that more people will join us. Together, we can make the world a better place. 1. What is becoming more and more popular in China? A. Studying abroad. B. Volunteering. C. Traveling. D. Shopping online. 2. Where did the writer go last summer? A. To a village in Sichuan Province. B. To a city in Sichuan Province. C. To a village in Yunnan Province. D. To a city in Yunnan Province. 3. What did the writer teach the children? A. English, math and art. B. English, math and music. C. English, Chinese and music. D. English, Chinese and art. 4. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The village was very rich. B. All the children in the village could go to school. C. The writer gave the children books, clothes and school things. D. The writer did not learn anything from the volunteer work. 5. What does the writer think of volunteering? A. It is boring. B. It is meaningless. C. It is meaningful. D. It is difficult. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 【解析】这是一篇第一人称记叙文，主旨是作者讲述自己去年夏天前往四川乡村参与志愿支教的经历，分享了活动中的见闻与个人感悟，呼吁更多人加入志愿行列，用善意让世界变得更好。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段 “Volunteering is becoming more and more popular in China.” 可知，志愿活动在中国越来越流行，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “We went to a village in Sichuan Province.” 可知，作者去年夏天去了四川省的一个村庄，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “We taught the children English, math and music.” 可知，作者教授孩子们英语、数学和音乐，故选 B。 4. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “We also gave them books, clothes and school things.” 可知，作者为孩子们捐赠了书籍、衣物与学习用品，C 项表述符合原文；其余选项均与原文内容相悖，故选 C。 5. 观点态度题。根据第三段 “It was a very meaningful experience for me.” 可知，作者认为志愿活动很有意义，故选 C。 （D） Health is very important for everyone. We should take good care of our health. But many people do not know how to stay healthy. Here are some tips for you. First, you should eat a balanced diet. You should eat more fruits and vegetables. They are rich in vitamins (维生素) and minerals (矿物质). You should also eat some meat, eggs and milk. They can give you energy. But you should not eat too much junk food. It is bad for your health. Second, you should exercise regularly. Exercise can make you strong andhealthy. You can walk, run, swim or play ball games. You should exercise at least three times a week, for thirty minutes each time. Third, you should get enough sleep. You should sleep for about eight hours every night. Staying up late is bad for your health. Fourth, you should keep a good mood. Being happy is good for your health. You should try to relax when you are stressed. Finally, you should go to the hospital for regular medical check-ups. If you have any health problems, you should see a doctor at once. If you follow these tips, you will stay healthy and live a happy life. 1. How many tips are mentioned in the passage? A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 2. What should you eat more according to the passage? A. Fruits and vegetables. B. Meat and eggs. C. Milk. D. Junk food. 3. How often should you exercise? A. At least once a week. B. At least twice a week. C. At least three times a week. D. At least four times a week. 4. What does the underlined word "regularly" mean in Chinese? A. 偶尔地 B. 定期地 C. 随意地 D. 从不 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to stay healthy. B. How to eat well. C. How to exercise. D. How to sleep well. 【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 【解析】这是一篇生活科普类说明文，主旨是围绕 “保持健康” 的核心话题，从均衡饮食、规律运动、充足睡眠、良好情绪、定期体检五个维度给出具体建议，指导人们养成健康的生活习惯。 1. 细节理解题。根据文中 First、Second、Third、Fourth、Finally 的分层表述，可知全文共提到 5 条健康建议，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段 “You should eat more fruits and vegetables.” 可知，日常应多吃水果和蔬菜，故选 A。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段 “You should exercise at least three times a week” 可知，每周至少要锻炼三次，故选 C。 4. 词义猜测题。结合后文 “每周至少三次、每次三十分钟” 的规律安排，可推断 regularly 意为 “定期地”，故选 B。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕 “如何保持健康” 展开，分点介绍多条健康贴士，核心是讲解保持健康的方法，故选 A。 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Our school is always trying to i______ (1) itself and provide better education for the students. Last year, we started an innovation (创新) project. The project encouraged students to d______ (2) new ideas and solve real problems. Many students took part in the project. They formed teams and worked together. Some teams designed apps to help students with their studies. Some teams made inventions to make our lives easier. One team even invented a machine that can r______ (3) waste water and make it clean again. The teachers gave us a lot of h______ (4) advice. They helped us with our research and experiments. We also invited some famous i______ (5) to give us talks. They shared their experiences and taught us how to think creatively. The project was a great success. Many of the inventions were very a______ (6). We held an exhibition (展览) to show our works. Many parents and visitors came to see it. They were all amazed by what we had done. The project has taught us a lot. We have learned that anyone can be an innovator if they are c______ (7) and work hard. We have also learned the i______ (8) of teamwork. No one can succeed alone. Our school will c______ (9) the innovation project every year. We hope that more students will join us. We believe that with our efforts, our school will have a better d______ (10) in the future. 【答案】1. improve 2. develop 3. recycle 4. helpful 5. Inventors 6. amazing 7. creative 8. importance 9. continue 10. development 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，围绕学校开展的创新项目展开，介绍了项目的内容、师生参与过程、活动成果与教育意义，同时说明学校将持续推进该项目的规划，体现了创新实践与团队协作对学生成长的积极作用。 1. 句意：学校始终力求自我提升，为学生提供更优质的教育。分析：try to 后接动词原形；结合 “提供更好教育” 的语境与首字母 i，填 improve（改进、提升），符合逻辑。 2. 句意：该项目鼓励学生构思新想法、解决实际问题。分析：encourage sb. to do sth. 为固定结构；结合 “创新项目” 的背景与首字母 d，填 develop（发展、构思），develop ideas 是常用搭配。 3. 句意：有一个团队甚至发明了可回收废水并将其净化的机器。分析：情态动词 can 后接动词原形；结合 “废水变干净” 的语义与首字母 r，填 recycle（回收利用），符合逻辑。 4. 句意：老师们给了我们很多有用的建议。分析：空格修饰名词 advice，需填形容词；结合 “老师提供指导” 的语境与首字母 h，填 helpful（有帮助的），搭配合理。 5. 句意：我们还邀请了一些著名发明家来做讲座。分析：some 后接可数名词复数；结合 “分享创新经验” 的人物身份与首字母 i，填 inventors（发明家），契合语境。 6. 句意：很多发明都十分令人惊叹。分析：be 动词后接形容词作表语；对应后文 “参观者感到惊讶” 与首字母 a，填 amazing（令人惊叹的），语义呼应。 7. 句意：只要有创造力、肯努力，任何人都能成为创新者。分析：be 动词后接形容词作表语；结合 “成为创新者” 的条件与首字母 c，填 creative（有创造力的），契合主题。 8. 句意：我们也学到了团队合作的重要性。分析：“the + 名词 + of” 为固定结构；结合 “没人能独自成功” 的结论与首字母 i，填 importance（重要性），搭配规范。 9. 句意：学校每年都会继续开展这个创新项目。分析：will 后接动词原形；结合 “每年开展、更多学生参与” 的未来规划与首字母 c，填 continue（继续），符合语境。 10. 句意：相信在我们的努力下，学校未来会有更好的发展。分析：better 后接名词；结合 “未来”“努力” 的语境与首字母 d，填 development（发展），搭配得当。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业12 全册核心词性转换专项 一、核心构词法规则 1. 动词→名词 +ment：develop→development, improve→improvement +tion：invent→invention, operate→operation +er/or（表人）：visit→visitor, work→worker, act→actor 2. 形容词→副词 一般加 ly：polite→politely, careful→carefully 辅音 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 ly：happy→happily, easy→easily 不规则：true→truly, terrible→terribly 3. 名词→形容词 +al：culture→cultural, medicine→medical +ful：help→helpful, care→careful +less（否定）：use→useless, hope→hopeless 4. 否定前缀：un-, im-, dis- happy→unhappy, polite→impolite, like→dislike 二、各单元必考转换 Unit1： develop→development/developing/developed; innovate→innovation; improve→improvement Unit2： history→historic/historical; culture→cultural; tour→tourist/tourism Unit3： visit→visitor; explore→exploration; amaze→amazing/amazed Unit4： write→writer; read→reader; invent→invention/inventor Unit5： polite→impolite→politely; behave→behavior; care→careful/careless Unit6： volunteer→voluntary; help→helpful; kind→kindness Unit7： medicine→medical; treat→treatment; operate→operation Unit8： pollute→pollution/polluted; recycle→recycling; use→useful/useless 三、易错易混概念 1. 形容词变副词的不规则变化（如 true→truly，不是 truely） 2. 混淆形容词和副词的用法（修饰动词用副词，修饰名词用形容词） 错误：He runs quick. 正确：He runs quickly. 3. 否定前缀错误（如 polite 的否定是 impolite，不是 unpolite） 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. The government has made great ______ in improving the public transportation system in Nanjing. A. develop B. development C. developing D. developed 2. We should speak to the old ______ and show our respect to them. A. polite B. impolite C. politely D. impolitely 3. The ______ of the new robot will change people's lives greatly in the future. A. invent B. invention C. inventor D. invented 4. It's ______ to laugh at people who are in trouble. We should try to help them. A. kind B. kindness C. polite D. impolite 5. Many ______ come to visit the Confucius Temple (夫子庙) in Nanjing every year. A. tour B. tourism C. tourists D. touring 6. The doctor said that the old man needed an ______ at once. A. operate B. operation C. operating D. operator 7. We should stop using plastic bags because they cause serious ______ to the environment. A. pollute B. pollution C. polluted D. polluting 8. Tom is a ______ boy. He always helps his classmates with their studies. A. help B. helpful C. helpless D. helping 9. ______, he passed the math exam though he was ill for a long time. A. Lucky B. Unlucky C. Luckily D. Unluckily 10. The ______ workers are trying their best to save the people in the earthquake-hit area. A. medicine B. medical C. medically D. medication 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 1. 这个小男孩对科学很感兴趣，他长大后想成为一名发明家。 The little boy is very interested in science and he wants to be an ______ when he grows up. 2. 如果你想取得进步，你必须更加努力地学习。 If you want to make ______, you must study harder. 3. 我们应该采取措施保护历史建筑。 We should take measures to protect the ______ buildings. 4. 她是一个粗心的女孩，经常在作业中犯错误。 She is a ______ girl and often makes mistakes in her homework. 5. 这位著名的作家已经写了很多受欢迎的书。 The famous ______ has written many popular books. 6. 回收利用纸张对保护环境很重要。 ______ paper is very important for protecting the environment. 7. 他的善良让我们所有人都很感动。 His ______ made all of us moved. 8. 请把药放在孩子们够不到的地方。 Please keep the ______ out of the reach of children. 9. （句型转换）He is a careful driver.（改为同义句） He drives ______. 10. （句型转换）She likes playing basketball.（改为否定句） She ______ ______ playing basketball. 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 Our school started a "Green Campus" project last month. All the students and teachers took an active part in it. We wanted to make our school more beautiful and less 1. ______. First, we made posters to tell everyone the 2. ______ of protecting the environment. Then we started to collect waste paper, bottles and cans for 3. ______. Every class had a recycling box. We also encouraged students to use both sides of the paper and to bring 4. ______ water bottles instead of plastic ones. Our art teacher, Ms. Li, is very 5. ______. She taught us to make useful things from waste materials. We made pencil boxes, bags and even decorations for the classroom. It was really amazing to see how "waste" could become so 6. ______. Last week, we planted some trees and flowers around the school. The workers from the park gave us some 7. ______ advice on how to look after them. We took turns to water the plants every day. Now our school looks much greener and more beautiful. The project has taught us a lot. We have learned that everyone can do something to make a difference. Small actions can lead to big 8. ______. We hope that more people will join us in protecting the environment. Let's work together to create a 9. ______ world for ourselves and for future generations. We are very proud of our achievements. We will 10. ______ our "Green Campus" project and make our school even better. 1. A. pollute B. pollution C. polluted D. polluting 2. A. important B. importance C. importantly D. unimportant 3. A. recycle B. recycling C. recycled D. recyclable 4. A. reuse B. reusable C. reusing D. reused 5. A. create B. creative C. creativity D. creatively 6. A. use B. useful C. useless D. using 7. A. help B. helpful C. helpless D. helping 8. A. improve B. improvement C. improving D. improved 9. A. better B. worse C. best D. worst 10. A. continue B. continuous C. continuing D. continued 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （A） Do you know who invented the telephone? It was Alexander Graham Bell. He was born in Scotland in 1847. Bell was a very clever man. He was interested in helping people who could not hear. He wanted to invent a machine that could help deaf people communicate better. In 1876, Bell and his assistant Thomas Watson worked very hard on their invention. One day, Bell accidentally spilled some acid (酸) on his clothes. He cried out, "Mr. Watson, come here! I want to see you!" Watson heard these words clearly through the telephone in the next room. That was the first telephone call in history. The invention of the telephone was a great development in communication. It changed the way people talked to each other. Before the telephone, people had to send letters or telegrams to communicate with people far away. Now they could talk to each other in real time. Bell did not stop there. He invented many other things, including the photophone (光线电话机) and the metal detector (金属探测器). He also helped to set up the National Geographic Society. Bell died in 1922. He was 75 years old. Today, we still remember him as one of the greatest inventors of all time. 1. What was Alexander Graham Bell interested in? A. Helping people who could not see. B. Helping people who could not hear. C. Helping people who could not walk. D. Helping people who could not speak. 2. When was the first telephone call made? A. In 1847. B. In 1876. C. In 1922. D. In 1976. 3. What does the underlined word "accidentally" mean in Chinese? A. 故意地 B. 意外地 C. 开心地 D. 伤心地 4. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Bell was born in Scotland. B. Thomas Watson was Bell's assistant. C. Bell invented only the telephone. D. Bell helped to set up the National Geographic Society. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. The life and inventions of Alexander Graham Bell. B. How the telephone was invented. C. The importance of the telephone. D. The first telephone call in history. （B） Nanjing is a beautiful city with a long history. It was the capital of six dynasties (朝代) in ancient China. There are many historic places in Nanjing, such as the Confucius Temple, the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum (明孝陵) and the Presidential Palace (总统府). Every year, millions of tourists come to visit Nanjing. They come to see the beautiful scenery and learn about the city's history and culture. The Confucius Temple is one of the most popular places. It is located on the bank of the Qinhuai River. At night, the river is lit up with colorful lights. Tourists can take a boat ride along the river and enjoy the beautiful views. Nanjing is also famous for its delicious food. The most famous food is Nanjing salted duck (盐水鸭). It has a history of more than 1,000 years. Other famous foods include duck blood soup (鸭血粉丝汤) and small steamed buns (小笼包). Nanjing is a modern city as well. There are many tall buildings, shopping malls and parks. The city has developed very fast in recent years. The public transportation system is very convenient. People can take the subway, bus or taxi to go anywhere in the city. If you have a chance to visit Nanjing, you will surely have a wonderful time. 1. How many dynasties was Nanjing the capital of in ancient China? A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 2. Where is the Confucius Temple located? A. On the bank of the Yangtze River. B. On the bank of the Qinhuai River. C. On the bank of the Yellow River. D. On the bank of the Huaihe River. 3. What is the most famous food in Nanjing? A. Duck blood soup. B. Small steamed buns. C. Nanjing salted duck. D. Beijing duck. 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A. Historic places. B. Delicious food. C. Modern development. D. Famous universities. 5. What can we infer from the passage? A. Nanjing is a city with both history and modern development. B. Few tourists come to visit Nanjing every year. C. The public transportation in Nanjing is not convenient. D. Nanjing is not a beautiful city. （C） Volunteering is becoming more and more popular in China. Many people, especially young people, are willing to volunteer their time to help others. There are many different kinds of volunteer work, such as helping the elderly, teaching children in poor areas, and protecting the environment. Last summer, I joined a volunteer group. We went to a village in Sichuan Province. The village was very poor. Many children there could not go to school because their parents could not afford the tuition (学费). We taught the children English, math and music. We also gave them books, clothes and school things. The children were very happy to see us. They were very friendly and hard-working. We played games with them and told them stories. They told us about their lives and their dreams. It was a very meaningful experience for me. I learned a lot from the volunteer work. I learned that there are many people who need our help. I also learned that helping others can make us happy. Small acts of kindness can make a big difference in someone's life. I will continue to do volunteer work in the future. I hope that more people will join us. Together, we can make the world a better place. 1. What is becoming more and more popular in China? A. Studying abroad. B. Volunteering. C. Traveling. D. Shopping online. 2. Where did the writer go last summer? A. To a village in Sichuan Province. B. To a city in Sichuan Province. C. To a village in Yunnan Province. D. To a city in Yunnan Province. 3. What did the writer teach the children? A. English, math and art. B. English, math and music. C. English, Chinese and music. D. English, Chinese and art. 4. Which of the following is true according to the passage? A. The village was very rich. B. All the children in the village could go to school. C. The writer gave the children books, clothes and school things. D. The writer did not learn anything from the volunteer work. 5. What does the writer think of volunteering? A. It is boring. B. It is meaningless. C. It is meaningful. D. It is difficult. （D） Health is very important for everyone. We should take good care of our health. But many people do not know how to stay healthy. Here are some tips for you. First, you should eat a balanced diet. You should eat more fruits and vegetables. They are rich in vitamins (维生素) and minerals (矿物质). You should also eat some meat, eggs and milk. They can give you energy. But you should not eat too much junk food. It is bad for your health. Second, you should exercise regularly. Exercise can make you strong and healthy. You can walk, run, swim or play ball games. You should exercise at least three times a week, for thirty minutes each time. Third, you should get enough sleep. You should sleep for about eight hours every night. Staying up late is bad for your health. Fourth, you should keep a good mood. Being happy is good for your health. You should try to relax when you are stressed. Finally, you should go to the hospital for regular medical check-ups. If you have any health problems, you should see a doctor at once. If you follow these tips, you will stay healthy and live a happy life. 1. How many tips are mentioned in the passage? A. Four. B. Five. C. Six. D. Seven. 2. What should you eat more according to the passage? A. Fruits and vegetables. B. Meat and eggs. C. Milk. D. Junk food. 3. How often should you exercise? A. At least once a week. B. At least twice a week. C. At least three times a week. D. At least four times a week. 4. What does the underlined word "regularly" mean in Chinese? A. 偶尔地 B. 定期地 C. 随意地 D. 从不 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to stay healthy. B. How to eat well. C. How to exercise. D. How to sleep well. 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Our school is always trying to i______ (1) itself and provide better education for the students. Last year, we started an innovation (创新) project. The project encouraged students to d______ (2) new ideas and solve real problems. Many students took part in the project. They formed teams and worked together. Some teams designed apps to help students with their studies. Some teams made inventions to make our lives easier. One team even invented a machine that can r______ (3) waste water and make it clean again. The teachers gave us a lot of h______ (4) advice. They helped us with our research and experiments. We also invited some famous i______ (5) to give us talks. They shared their experiences and taught us how to think creatively. The project was a great success. Many of the inventions were very a______ (6). We held an exhibition (展览) to show our works. Many parents and visitors came to see it. They were all amazed by what we had done. The project has taught us a lot. We have learned that anyone can be an innovator if they are c______ (7) and work hard. We have also learned the i______ (8) of teamwork. No one can succeed alone. Our school will c______ (9) the innovation project every year. We hope that more students will join us. We believe that with our efforts, our school will have a better d______ (10) in the future. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $