暑假作业10 It作形式主语的三种核心句型（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材译林版

**基本信息** 聚焦It作形式主语三大核心句型，通过原理-句型-转换-易错点系统构建，融合多题型强化语言应用与思维辨析。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |理论讲解|3句型+3易错点|提炼for/of形容词分类法、句型转换公式|从原理（避免头重脚轻）到分类句型（事物性质/人品质），再到转换与易错规避，形成完整认知链| |基础应用|10单选+12完成句|通过对比纠错（如kind of/for误用）强化句型匹配|针对三大句型设题，覆盖形容词选择、不定式结构等核心考点| |综合应用|1完形+4阅读|语篇中识别句型功能，提升语境运用能力|将句型融入真实情境（志愿者活动、健康建议等），体现语言能力与文化意识| |语篇填空|1首字母填空|结合语境运用句型特征词（necessary/difficult等）|综合考查句型结构与词汇运用，培养学习策略|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业10 It作形式主语的三种核心句型 一、基本原理 当不定式（to do）作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，用 it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式。 二、三种核心句型 句型 1：It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示 "做某事是…… 的" It is meaningful to work as a volunteer. It is important to learn English well. 句型 2：It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 形容词描述事物的性质（easy, difficult, important, necessary, hard, possible） It is important for blind children to receive an education. It is difficult for me to finish the work in an hour. 句型 3：It is + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth. 形容词描述人的品质（kind, nice, polite, clever, rude, silly, generous） It is kind of you to help the elderly. It is clever of him to work out the problem. 三、句型转换 将不定式主语提前，改为 "To do sth. is + 形容词" It is important to learn English well. = To learn English well is important. 四、易错易混概念 1. for 和 of 混用（高频易错） 错误：It is kind for you to help me. 正确：It is kind of you to help me. 错误：It is difficult of me to finish it. 正确：It is difficult for me to finish it. 2. 真正主语用动名词 错误：It is important learning English. 正确：It is important to learn English. 3. 不定式符号 to 后面接动名词 错误：It is easy to finishing it. 正确：It is easy to finish it. 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. It is necessary ______ us ______ the school rules. A. for; follow B. of; follow C. for; to follow D. of; to follow 2. ______ is polite ______ your seat to the old on the bus. A. That; to give B. It; giving C. That; giving D. It; to give 3. It is very kind ______ you ______ me with my English. A. of; to help B. for; to help C. of; helping D. for; helping 4. It is difficult ______ a little boy ______ the heavy box. A. of; to carry B. for; to carry C. of; carrying D. for; carrying 5. ______ dangerous ______ in the river alone. A. It's; swim B. That's; swim C. It's; to swim D. That's; to swim 6. It is silly ______ him ______ such a mistake. A. of; to make B. for; to make C. of; making D. for; making 7. It is important ______ everyone ______ the environment. A. for; protect B. of; protect C. for; to protect D. of; to protect 8. ______ generous ______ the girl to share her toys with others. A. It's; of B. That's; of C. It's; for D. That's; for 9. It is impossible ______ us ______ the work in such a short time. A. of; to finish B. for; to finish C. of; finishing D. for; finishing 10. It is clever ______ the student ______ out the difficult math problem. A. of; work B. for; work C. of; to work D. for; to work 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 （一）句型转换 1. To get up early is good for our health.（改为同义句） ______ ______ good for our health ______ ______ up early. 2. It is necessary to plant more trees.（改为同义句） ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ necessary. 3. It is rude of you to laugh at others.（改为同义句） ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ is rude. （二）根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 每天读英语对我们来说很重要。 ______ ______ ______ ______ us ______ ______ English every day. 2. 你能帮助我真是太好了。 ______ ______ ______ ______ you ______ ______ me. 3. 对孩子们来说，学会独立很有必要。 ______ ______ ______ ______ children ______ ______ to be independent. 4. 他能解出这道题真聪明。 ______ ______ ______ ______ him ______ ______ out this problem. （三）对划线部分提问 1. It is meaningful to help the poor.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ meaningful ______ ______? 2. It is difficult for me to finish the work in two days.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ difficult for you ______ ______? 3. It is kind of her to send me a gift.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ kind of her ______ ______? 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School Volunteer Project Last week, our school started a volunteer project. Our teacher said it was important 1 us to take part in it. She also said it was meaningful 2 something for the community (社区). At first, I was worried. I thought it was difficult 3 me to talk to strangers. But my best friend Lily said it was silly 4 me to be afraid. "It is kind 5 you to help others," she said. "And it is fun too!" On Saturday, we went to the old people's home. It was nice 6 us to spend time with the elderly. We sang songs for them and told them stories. An old grandma said it was polite 7 us to visit them. She gave us some candies. It was sweet 8 her to do that. After that, we helped clean the park. It was hard work, but it was satisfying (令人满意的) 9 the park clean again. Our teacher said it was great 10 us to make a difference to the community. I felt very happy that day. 1. A. for B. of C. to D. with 2. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did 3. A. of B. for C. to D. at 4. A. of B. for C. to D. about 5. A. for B. of C. to D. from 6. A. for B. of C. to D. at 7. A. for B. of C. to D. with 8. A. for B. of C. to D. by 9. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. saw 10. A. of B. for C. to D. in 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （A） A Day at the Science Museum Last Sunday, I went to the Science Museum with my classmates. Our teacher said it was educational for us to visit the museum. We learned a lot about science and technology. When we arrived, the guide told us it was important to follow the rules. He said it was dangerous to touch the machines without permission (允许). It was also polite to keep quiet in the museum. We visited many different halls. In the physics hall, we saw some interesting experiments. It was amazing to see how electricity works. In the biology hall, we learned about plants and animals. It was surprising to know that some plants can eat insects. The most interesting part was the space hall. We watched a movie about the solar system. It was wonderful to see pictures of the planets. We also tried on a spacesuit. It was heavy, but it was fun to wear. Before we left, we bought some souvenirs. It was a great day. I think it is necessary for students to visit museums often. It helps us learn more about the world around us. 1. Why did the teacher think it was educational to visit the Science Museum? A. Because they could buy souvenirs. B. Because they could learn a lot about science and technology. C. Because they could watch movies. D. Because they could try on spacesuits. 2. What did the guide say was dangerous? A. Keeping quiet in the museum. B. Following the rules. C. Touching the machines without permission. D. Visiting the physics hall. 3. Which part did the writer think was the most interesting? A. The physics hall. B. The biology hall. C. The space hall. D. The gift shop. 4. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. The writer didn't like the Science Museum. B. The writer learned a lot from the visit. C. The museum was very small. D. The guide was not friendly. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. A happy day at the Science Museum. B. How to visit a museum. C. The importance of science. D. Different halls in the Science Museum. （B） How to Keep Healthy Everyone wants to be healthy. But do you know how to keep healthy? Here are some tips. First, it is important to eat healthy food. You should eat more fruits and vegetables. It is bad for your health to eat too much junk food. Second, it is necessary to exercise every day. You can walk, run, swim or play ball games. Exercise makes you strong. Third, it is important to get enough sleep. You should sleep for about eight hours every night. It is bad for you to stay up late. Fourth, it is good to keep a happy mood (心情). It is silly to worry about small things. Finally, it is necessary to see a doctor when you are ill. Don't wait until you are very sick. It is better to treat (治疗) illnesses early. It is not difficult to keep healthy. If you follow these tips, you will be healthy and happy. 1. How many tips does the writer give? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2. What does the writer say is bad for your health? A. Eating fruits and vegetables. B. Eating too much junk food. C. Exercising every day. D. Getting enough sleep. 3. How long should you sleep every night? A. About six hours. B. About seven hours. C. About eight hours. D. About nine hours. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Keeping healthy is very difficult. B. We should not worry about anything. C. We should see a doctor early when we are ill. D. Exercise is not necessary for health. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to keep healthy. B. The importance of healthy food. C. How to exercise every day. D. Why we need enough sleep. （C） Our School Green Project Our school is doing a green project to protect the environment. Our teacher said it was important for everyone to take part. We have many activities to do. First, we have a recycling (回收) program. It is easy to recycle paper, plastic and glass. We put different bins in the classroom. Students put their waste in the right bins. It is helpful to recycle because it reduces (减少) waste. Second, we plant trees every spring. It is good for the air to plant more trees. Last year, we planted 50 trees around the school. This year, we plan to plant 100 more. Third, we have a "save water" campaign (活动). It is necessary to save water. We turn off the taps when we are not using them. We also tell our families to save water at home. Fourth, we use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. It is bad for the environment to use too many plastic bags. We bring our own bags to the supermarket. Our teacher says it is great of us to work together. I think it is meaningful to protect the environment. Everyone should do their part. 1. What is the school doing to protect the environment? A. A green project. B. A sports meeting. C. A music festival. D. A science fair. 2. What do they put in the classroom for recycling? A. Books. B. Bins. C. Plants. D. Bags. 3. How many trees did they plant last year? A. 30. B. 50. C. 100. D. 150. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. The students don't like the project. B. The project is not helpful. C. The students are working hard to protect the environment. D. The school has enough trees. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to recycle waste. B. The importance of planting trees. C. Our school green project. D. How to save water. （D） A Special Birthday Party Last Saturday, I went to my friend Amy's birthday party. But it was not a usual party. Amy asked us not to bring her gifts. Instead, she asked us to bring books for the children in the hospital. Amy said it was meaningful to help sick children. She also said it was better to give than to receive. I thought it was a great idea. It was kind of Amy to think of others on her birthday. At the party, we all brought books. We collected more than 100 books. Amy's mom said it was wonderful of us to do that. She would take the books to the hospital the next day. We had a lot of fun at the party. We played games, sang songs and ate cake. It was the best birthday party I had ever been to. It made me happy to know that we could help others. I think it is important for us to help people in need. It is not necessary to spend a lot of money. Even small things can make a big difference. 1. What did Amy ask her friends to bring to her birthday party? A. Gifts. B. Cakes. C. Books. D. Toys. 2. Who would take the books to the hospital? A. Amy. B. Amy's mom. C. The writer. D. Amy's friends. 3. How many books did they collect? A. Less than 50. B. About 80. C. More than 100. D. About 200. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Amy is a kind girl. B. The writer didn't bring any books. C. The party was boring. D. The sick children didn't like books. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to have a birthday party. B. A special birthday party that helped others. C. The importance of giving gifts. D. How to help sick children. 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Learning English English is a very important language. It is n______1______ for us to learn English well. But many students think it is d______2______ to learn English. They have some problems in learning English. First, some students think it is hard to remember words. But it is h______3______ to read English every day. Reading helps you remember words better. Second, some students are afraid to speak English. It is s______4______ of them to be afraid. It is p______5______ to make mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes when learning a language. Third, some students don't like to write. But it is i______6______ to practice writing. You can keep a diary in English. It is a good way to improve your writing. Our English teacher says it is g______7______ of us to work hard. She also says it is m______8______ to learn English because it is used all over the world. I think it is not difficult to learn English well. If you work hard and have good ways, it is e______9______ for you to learn English well. It is w______10______ to spend time on English. 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业10 It作形式主语的三种核心句型 一、基本原理 当不定式（to do）作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，用 it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式。 二、三种核心句型 句型 1：It is + 形容词 + to do sth. 表示 "做某事是…… 的" It is meaningful to work as a volunteer. It is important to learn English well. 句型 2：It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth. 形容词描述事物的性质（easy, difficult, important, necessary, hard, possible） It is important for blind children to receive an education. It is difficult for me to finish the work in an hour. 句型 3：It is + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth. 形容词描述人的品质（kind, nice, polite, clever, rude, silly, generous） It is kind of you to help the elderly. It is clever of him to work out the problem. 三、句型转换 将不定式主语提前，改为 "To do sth. is + 形容词" It is important to learn English well. = To learn English well is important. 四、易错易混概念 1. for 和 of 混用（高频易错） 错误：It is kind for you to help me. 正确：It is kind of you to help me. 错误：It is difficult of me to finish it. 正确：It is difficult for me to finish it. 2. 真正主语用动名词 错误：It is important learning English. 正确：It is important to learn English. 3. 不定式符号 to 后面接动名词 错误：It is easy to finishing it. 正确：It is easy to finish it. 一、单项选择： 从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. It is necessary ______ us ______ the school rules. A. for; follow B. of; follow C. for; to follow D. of; to follow 【答案】C 【解析】句意：对我们来说遵守校规是必要的。考查固定句型 It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.。necessary 描述事情的性质，用 for；真正主语是不定式 to follow。 2. ______ is polite ______ your seat to the old on the bus. A. That; to give B. It; giving C. That; giving D. It; to give 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在公交车上给老人让座是有礼貌的。考查固定句型 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.。polite 描述人的品质，用 of；It 作形式主语，真正主语是不定式 to give。 3. It is very kind ______ you ______ me with my English. A. of; to help B. for; to help C. of; helping D. for; helping 【答案】A 【解析】句意：你帮我学英语真是太好了。考查固定句型 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.。kind 描述人的品质，用 of；真正主语是不定式 to help。 4. It is difficult ______ a little boy ______ the heavy box. A. of; to carry B. for; to carry C. of; carrying D. for; carrying 【答案】B 【解析】句意：对一个小男孩来说搬这个重箱子很困难。考查固定句型 It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.。difficult 描述事情的性质，用 for；真正主语是不定式 to carry。 5. ______ dangerous ______ in the river alone. A. It's; swim B. That's; swim C. It's; to swim D. That's; to swim 【答案】C 【解析】句意：独自在河里游泳很危险。考查固定句型 It is+adj.+to do sth.。dangerous 描述事情的性质，用 It 作形式主语，真正主语是不定式 to swim。 6. It is silly ______ him ______ such a mistake. A. of; to make B. for; to make C. of; making D. for; making 【答案】A 【解析】句意：他犯这样的错误真是太傻了。考查固定句型 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.。silly 描述人的品质，用 of；真正主语是不定式 to make。 7. It is important ______ everyone ______ the environment. A. for; protect B. of; protect C. for; to protect D. of; to protect 【答案】C 【解析】句意：对每个人来说保护环境都很重要。考查固定句型 It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.。important 描述事情的性质，用 for；真正主语是不定式 to protect。 8. ______ generous ______ the girl to share her toys with others. A. It's; of B. That's; of C. It's; for D. That's; for 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个女孩和别人分享她的玩具真是太慷慨了。考查固定句型 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.。generous 描述人的品质，用 of；It 作形式主语。 9. It is impossible ______ us ______ the work in such a short time. A. of; to finish B. for; to finish C. of; finishing D. for; finishing 【答案】B 【解析】句意：对我们来说在这么短的时间内完成这项工作是不可能的。考查固定句型 It is+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.。impossible 描述事情的性质，用 for；真正主语是不定式 to finish。 10. It is clever ______ the student ______ out the difficult math problem. A. of; work B. for; work C. of; to work D. for; to work 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这个学生解出这道数学难题真是太聪明了。考查固定句型 It is+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.。clever 描述人的品质，用 of；真正主语是不定式 to work。 二、完成句子： 根据所给提示，完成下列句子，每空一词。 （一）句型转换 1. To get up early is good for our health.（改为同义句） ______ ______ good for our health ______ ______ up early. 【答案】It is; to get 【解析】原句是动词不定式短语To get up early直接作主语。为了句子平衡，用 it 作形式主语放在句首，真正的主语to get up early移到句末，形成固定句型It is + 形容词 + to do sth.。 2. It is necessary to plant more trees.（改为同义句） ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ necessary. 【答案】To plant more trees is 【解析】原句是 it 作形式主语的结构。同义转换就是把真正的主语to plant more trees放回句首作主语，直接构成 “主语 + 系动词 + 表语” 的简单句结构。 3. It is rude of you to laugh at others.（改为同义句） ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ is rude. 【答案】For you to laugh at others 【解析】原句是It is + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth.结构。同义转换时，将逻辑主语 you 和真正的主语to laugh at others结合成不定式的复合结构for you to laugh at others作句子主语，注意这里用 for 而不是 of 引导逻辑主语，这是不定式复合结构的标准形式。 （二）根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 每天读英语对我们来说很重要。 ______ ______ ______ ______ us ______ ______ English every day. 【答案】It is important for; to read 【解析】“重要的 (important)” 是描述 “每天读英语” 这件事的性质，不是描述人的品质，因此用for sb.结构。套用句型It is + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.。 2. 你能帮助我真是太好了。 ______ ______ ______ ______ you ______ ______ me. 【答案】It is kind of; to help 【解析】“好的 (kind)” 是描述 “你” 的品质，说明你是一个善良的人，因此用of sb.结构。套用句型It is + 形容词 + of sb. + to do sth.。 3. 对孩子们来说，学会独立很有必要。 ______ ______ ______ ______ children ______ ______ to be independent. 【答案】It is necessary for; to learn 【解析】“必要的 (necessary)” 是描述 “学会独立” 这件事的性质，不是描述孩子们的品质，因此用for sb.结构。 4. 他能解出这道题真聪明。 ______ ______ ______ ______ him ______ ______ out this problem. 【答案】It is clever of; to work 【解析】“聪明的 (clever)” 是描述 “他” 的品质，说明他很聪明，因此用of sb.结构。“解出这道题” 是work out this problem。 （三）对划线部分提问 1. It is meaningful to help the poor.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ meaningful ______ ______? 【答案】What is; to do 【解析】划线部分to help the poor是句子真正的主语，指代 “做某事”，对其提问用疑问词 what。将 is 提到 it 前面构成疑问句语序，真正的主语位置用to do代替。 2. It is difficult for me to finish the work in two days.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ difficult for you ______ ______? 【答案】What is; to do 【解析】划线部分to finish the work in two days是真正的主语，指代 “做某事”，用 what 提问。注意原句中的第一人称 me 要改为第二人称 you。 3. It is kind of her to send me a gift.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ kind of her ______ ______? 【答案】What is; to do 【解析】划线部分to send me a gift是真正的主语，指代 “做某事”，用 what 提问。 一、完形填空： 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Our School Volunteer Project Last week, our school started a volunteer project. Our teacher said it was important 1 us to take part in it. She also said it was meaningful 2 something for the community (社区). At first, I was worried. I thought it was difficult 3 me to talk to strangers. But my best friend Lily said it was silly 4 me to be afraid. "It is kind 5 you to help others," she said. "And it is fun too!" On Saturday, we went to the old people's home. It was nice 6 us to spend time with the elderly. We sang songs for them and told them stories. An old grandma said it was polite 7 us to visit them. She gave us some candies. It was sweet 8 her to do that. After that, we helped clean the park. It was hard work, but it was satisfying (令人满意的) 9 the park clean again. Our teacher said it was great 10 us to make a difference to the community. I felt very happy that day. 1. A. for B. of C. to D. with 2. A. do B. to do C. doing D. did 3. A. of B. for C. to D. at 4. A. of B. for C. to D. about 5. A. for B. of C. to D. from 6. A. for B. of C. to D. at 7. A. for B. of C. to D. with 8. A. for B. of C. to D. by 9. A. see B. seeing C. to see D. saw 10. A. of B. for C. to D. in 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. C 10. B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上周参加学校组织的社区志愿者项目的经历。作者起初因担心与陌生人交流而犹豫，在朋友的鼓励下参与了探访敬老院和打扫公园的活动，最终体会到了帮助他人、为社区做出贡献的快乐与满足感。本文核心考查It is + adj. + for/of sb. to do sth. 这一高频句型的用法辨析。 1. 句意：我们老师说对我们来说参加这个项目很重要。解析：important 描述事物性质，用 for。 2. 句意：她还说为社区做些事很有意义。解析：It is + adj. + to do sth. 不定式作真正主语。 3. 句意：我觉得对我来说和陌生人说话很难。解析：difficult 描述事物性质，用 for。 4. 句意：但我最好的朋友莉莉说我害怕很傻。解析：silly 描述人的性格，用 of。 5. 句意：你帮助别人真是太好了。解析：kind 描述人的品质，用 of。 6. 句意：我们能和老人共度时光真好。解析：nice 此处描述事情本身的价值，用 for。 7. 句意：一位老奶奶说我们来看他们很有礼貌。解析：polite 描述人的行为品质，用 of。 8. 句意：她那样做真是太贴心了。解析：sweet 描述人的品质，用 of。 9. 句意：但看到公园再次变干净令人满意。解析：It is + adj. + to do sth. 不定式作真正主语。 10. 句意：我们老师说我们能为社区带来改变太棒了。解析：great 描述事情的意义，用 for。 二、阅读理解： 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 （A） A Day at the Science Museum Last Sunday, I went to the Science Museum with my classmates. Our teacher said it was educational for us to visit the museum. We learned a lot about science and technology. When we arrived, the guide told us it was important to follow the rules. He said it was dangerous to touch the machines without permission (允许). It was also polite to keep quiet in the museum. We visited many different halls. In the physics hall, we saw some interesting experiments. It was amazing to see how electricity works. In the biology hall, we learned about plants and animals. It was surprising to know that some plants can eat insects. The most interesting part was the space hall. We watched a movie about the solar system. It was wonderful to see pictures of the planets. We also tried on a spacesuit. It was heavy, but it was fun to wear. Before we left, we bought some souvenirs. It was a great day. I think it is necessary for students to visit museums often. It helps us learn more about the world around us. 1. Why did the teacher think it was educational to visit the Science Museum? A. Because they could buy souvenirs. B. Because they could learn a lot about science and technology. C. Because they could watch movies. D. Because they could try on spacesuits. 2. What did the guide say was dangerous? A. Keeping quiet in the museum. B. Following the rules. C. Touching the machines without permission. D. Visiting the physics hall. 3. Which part did the writer think was the most interesting? A. The physics hall. B. The biology hall. C. The space hall. D. The gift shop. 4. What can we infer (推断) from the passage? A. The writer didn't like the Science Museum. B. The writer learned a lot from the visit. C. The museum was very small. D. The guide was not friendly. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. A happy day at the Science Museum. B. How to visit a museum. C. The importance of science. D. Different halls in the Science Museum. 【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. A 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者上周日和同学、老师一起参观科学博物馆的经历。文章介绍了参观过程中的见闻（物理厅、生物厅、太空厅的体验）和感受，表达了对这次参观的喜爱，并认为学生经常参观博物馆很有意义。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 “We learned a lot about science and technology.” 可知，老师认为参观有教育意义是因为能学到大量科技知识，故选 B。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句 “He said it was dangerous to touch the machines without permission.” 可知，未经允许触摸机器是危险行为，故选 C。 3. 细节理解题。根据第四段第一句 “The most interesting part was the space hall.” 可知，作者认为最有趣的部分是太空厅，故选 C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第一段 “We learned a lot about science and technology.” 及最后一段 “It helps us learn more about the world around us.” 可推断，作者从此次参观中收获颇丰，故选 B。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕作者在科学博物馆度过的愉快一天展开，详细描述了参观流程与个人感受，故选 A。 （B） How to Keep Healthy Everyone wants to be healthy. But do you know how to keep healthy? Here are some tips. First, it is important to eat healthy food. You should eat more fruits and vegetables. It is bad for your health to eat too much junk food. Second, it is necessary to exercise every day. You can walk, run, swim or play ball games. Exercise makes you strong. Third, it is important to get enough sleep. You should sleep for about eight hours every night. It is bad for you to stay up late. Fourth, it is good to keep a happy mood (心情). It is silly to worry about small things. Finally, it is necessary to see a doctor when you are ill. Don't wait until you are very sick. It is better to treat (治疗) illnesses early. It is not difficult to keep healthy. If you follow these tips, you will be healthy and happy. 1. How many tips does the writer give? A. Three. B. Four. C. Five. D. Six. 2. What does the writer say is bad for your health? A. Eating fruits and vegetables. B. Eating too much junk food. C. Exercising every day. D. Getting enough sleep. 3. How long should you sleep every night? A. About six hours. B. About seven hours. C. About eight hours. D. About nine hours. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Keeping healthy is very difficult. B. We should not worry about anything. C. We should see a doctor early when we are ill. D. Exercise is not necessary for health. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to keep healthy. B. The importance of healthy food. C. How to exercise every day. D. Why we need enough sleep. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. A 【解析】这是一篇说明文，围绕 “如何保持健康” 这一核心主题展开，采用总分总结构，详细介绍了五条实用的健康建议，涵盖饮食、运动、睡眠、情绪调节和及时就医五个方面，最后强调只要遵循这些方法，就能拥有健康快乐的生活。 1. 细节理解题。根据文中的 First、Second、Third、Fourth、Finally 五个提示词可知，作者共给出了五条健康建议，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 “It is bad for your health to eat too much junk food.” 可知，吃太多垃圾食品有害健康，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 “You should sleep for about eight hours every night.” 可知，每晚应保证约 8 小时的睡眠，故选 C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第四段 “it is necessary to see a doctor when you are ill...It is better to treat illnesses early.” 可推断，生病时应当尽早看医生治疗，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。全文开篇提出问题 “如何保持健康”，随后分点介绍具体方法，结尾总结呼应，核心主旨是说明保持健康的途径，故选 A。 （C） Our School Green Project Our school is doing a green project to protect the environment. Our teacher said it was important for everyone to take part. We have many activities to do. First, we have a recycling (回收) program. It is easy to recycle paper, plastic and glass. We put different bins in the classroom. Students put their waste in the right bins. It is helpful to recycle because it reduces (减少) waste. Second, we plant trees every spring. It is good for the air to plant more trees. Last year, we planted 50 trees around the school. This year, we plan to plant 100 more. Third, we have a "save water" campaign (活动). It is necessary to save water. We turn off the taps when we are not using them. We also tell our families to save water at home. Fourth, we use reusable bags instead of plastic bags. It is bad for the environment to use too many plastic bags. We bring our own bags to the supermarket. Our teacher says it is great of us to work together. I think it is meaningful to protect the environment. Everyone should do their part. 1. What is the school doing to protect the environment? A. A green project. B. A sports meeting. C. A music festival. D. A science fair. 2. What do they put in the classroom for recycling? A. Books. B. Bins. C. Plants. D. Bags. 3. How many trees did they plant last year? A. 30. B. 50. C. 100. D. 150. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. The students don't like the project. B. The project is not helpful. C. The students are working hard to protect the environment. D. The school has enough trees. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to recycle waste. B. The importance of planting trees. C. Our school green project. D. How to save water. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 【解析】这是一篇说明文，介绍了学校为保护环境开展的绿色项目。文章详细列举了回收利用、植树造林、节约用水和使用环保袋四项具体活动，展现了全校师生共同参与环保的行动，表达了作者对环保事业的认同与支持。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句 "Our school is doing a green project to protect the environment." 可知，学校正在开展绿色项目保护环境，故选 A。 2. 细节理解题。根据第二段第三句 "We put different bins in the classroom." 可知，他们在教室里放置了不同的垃圾桶用于回收，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第三句 "Last year, we planted 50 trees around the school." 可知，去年他们种了 50 棵树，故选 B。 4. 推理判断题。根据全文学生们积极参与回收、植树、节水、使用环保袋等环保活动可推断，学生们正在努力保护环境，故选 C。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕学校开展的绿色项目展开，详细介绍了项目的各项具体内容，故选 C。 （D） A Special Birthday Party Last Saturday, I went to my friend Amy's birthday party. But it was not a usual party. Amy asked us not to bring her gifts. Instead, she asked us to bring books for the children in the hospital. Amy said it was meaningful to help sick children. She also said it was better to give than to receive. I thought it was a great idea. It was kind of Amy to think of others on her birthday. At the party, we all brought books. We collected more than 100 books. Amy's mom said it was wonderful of us to do that. She would take the books to the hospital the next day. We had a lot of fun at the party. We played games, sang songs and ate cake. It was the best birthday party I had ever been to. It made me happy to know that we could help others. I think it is important for us to help people in need. It is not necessary to spend a lot of money. Even small things can make a big difference. 1. What did Amy ask her friends to bring to her birthday party? A. Gifts. B. Cakes. C. Books. D. Toys. 2. Who would take the books to the hospital? A. Amy. B. Amy's mom. C. The writer. D. Amy's friends. 3. How many books did they collect? A. Less than 50. B. About 80. C. More than 100. D. About 200. 4. What can we infer from the passage? A. Amy is a kind girl. B. The writer didn't bring any books. C. The party was boring. D. The sick children didn't like books. 5. What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to have a birthday party. B. A special birthday party that helped others. C. The importance of giving gifts. D. How to help sick children. 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者参加朋友艾米一场特别的生日派对的经历。艾米没有让朋友们送常规礼物，而是号召大家为医院的患病儿童捐书，大家在享受派对乐趣的同时也传递了爱心，作者从中感悟到帮助他人的价值，明白小事也能产生大影响。 1. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 “Instead, she asked us to bring books for the children in the hospital.” 可知，艾米让朋友们带书参加派对，故选 C。 2. 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句 “She would take the books to the hospital the next day.”，此处 “She” 指代前文的 Amy's mom，故选 B。 3. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句 “We collected more than 100 books.” 可知，他们一共收集了 100 多本书，故选 C。 4. 推理判断题。根据第二段 “It was kind of Amy to think of others on her birthday.” 以及她发起捐书的善举可推断，艾米是一个善良的女孩，故选 A。 5. 主旨大意题。全文围绕这场以帮助他人为核心的特别生日派对展开，详细描述了派对的特殊之处和作者的感受，故选 B。 一、首字母填空： 根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。 Learning English English is a very important language. It is n______1______ for us to learn English well. But many students think it is d______2______ to learn English. They have some problems in learning English. First, some students think it is hard to remember words. But it is h______3______ to read English every day. Reading helps you remember words better. Second, some students are afraid to speak English. It is s______4______ of them to be afraid. It is p______5______ to make mistakes. Everyone makes mistakes when learning a language. Third, some students don't like to write. But it is i______6______ to practice writing. You can keep a diary in English. It is a good way to improve your writing. Our English teacher says it is g______7______ of us to work hard. She also says it is m______8______ to learn English because it is used all over the world. I think it is not difficult to learn English well. If you work hard and have good ways, it is e______9______ for you to learn English well. It is w______10______ to spend time on English. 【答案】1. necessary 2. difficult 3. helpful 4. silly 5. possible 6. important 7. great 8. meaningful 9. easy 10. worthwhile 【解析】这是一篇说明文，围绕英语学习展开。文章先点明英语的重要性，接着分析了学生在英语学习中常见的三大问题（记单词难、不敢开口说、不喜欢写作），并针对性给出实用建议，最后鼓励学生只要努力并掌握正确方法就能学好英语。 1. 句意：对我们来说学好英语是必要的。解析：结合前文 “英语是非常重要的语言”，necessary 表示 “必要的”，符合语境。 2. 句意：但很多学生认为学英语很难。解析：转折连词 but 引出相反观点，difficult 表示 “困难的”，呼应后文 “学习中存在问题”。 3. 句意：但每天读英语是有帮助的。解析：后文提到阅读能帮助更好地记单词，helpful 表示 “有帮助的”，符合逻辑。 4. 句意：他们害怕是傻的。解析：silly 描述人的行为特点，用 of 结构，符合语境。 5. 句意：犯错误是可能的。解析：后文指出每个人学语言都会犯错，possible 表示 “可能的”，符合逻辑。 6. 句意：但练习写作是重要的。解析：前文说一些学生不喜欢写作，转折后强调练习写作的必要性，important 表示 “重要的”。 7. 句意：英语老师说我们努力学习很棒。解析：great 用于表扬人的行为，用 of 结构，符合语境。 8. 句意：学英语很有意义，因为它在全世界被使用。解析：meaningful 表示 “有意义的”，呼应英语广泛使用的价值。 9. 句意：如果你努力且方法得当，学好英语是容易的。解析：与前文 “我认为学好英语不难” 呼应，easy 表示 “容易的”。 10. 句意：花时间在英语上是值得的。解析：worthwhile 用于 “It is worthwhile to do sth.” 句型，符合全文主旨。 3 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $