专题06 动词及动词短语（专项训练）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

**基本信息** 聚焦动词及动词短语核心考点，以“基础-重难-真题”三级进阶为框架，系统覆盖词形转换、词义辨析、熟词生义等高频考向，强化语境应用与思维分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |模拟·基础演练|单句填空、完形、阅读等|侧重基础词形转换与简单语境辨析|从动词基本形态到短语搭配，构建基础认知链| |重难·创新演练|词形转换、语法填空、完形等|结合水文化、自我成长等新话题，考查复杂语境应用|深化动词一词多义及熟词生义，衔接基础与高阶应用| |真题·实战演练|高考真题及模拟题|直接对接高考命题，涵盖动词核心考法|通过真题验证知识体系，强化应试迁移能力|

专题07 动词及动词短语 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 14 真题·实战演练 26 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：动词的词形转换，动词词义辨析，动词短语辨析，动词的一词多义及熟词生义，动词的概述 一、单句语法填空/选择填空 考向01动词的词形转换 1．It is suggested that you should practice more on daily basis to (sharp) your badminton skills. 【答案】sharpen 【解析】考查动词。句意：建议你每天多练习，提高你的羽毛球技能。根据“to + 动词原形” 构成不定式表目的的用法可知，此空应是动词原形。所给词sharp是形容词，意为“锋利的；敏锐的”。其动词形式为sharpen，意为“提高；使敏锐”。“多练习”的目的是“提高羽毛球技能”，to sharpen your badminton skills在句中作目的状语。故填sharpen。 2．Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away. 【答案】frighten 【解析】考查动词。句意：别把价格定得太高，否则你会吓跑顾客的。空前有助动词will，所以空处应用动词原形。frighten意为“使惊吓”，frighten away表示“把……吓跑”。故填frighten。 3．Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language. 【答案】enables 【解析】考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：频繁接触英语能够使我们更好地掌握这门语言。空处作句子的谓语，应用动词。enable意为“使能够”，为及物动词。本句陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，且主语Being exposed to English frequently为动名词短语，所以谓语用单数。故填enables。 4．Don’t worry. I can (defence) myself from my enemies. 【答案】defend 【解析】考查动词。句意：别担心。我可以保护自己免受敌人的攻击。空前有情态动词can，所以空处应用动词原形。defend意为“保卫”，为及物动词。defend sb. from...意为“保护某人免受……”。故填defend。 5．And emoji can (contribution) directly to that positive outcome. 【答案】contribute 【解析】考查动词。句意：表情符号能够直接促成那种积极的结果。情态动词can后应接动词原形。contribute意为“促成”，为不及物动词。故填contribute。 考向02完形填空中的动词及动词短语辨析 1．（2026·河北衡水中学高三考前综合测试） When Angela Zhao was just 10 years old, she entered her first piano competition. On the day of the event, each participant had to perform their piece. At first, Angela was excited. But when she was next up to play, doubts began to flood her mind. “What if I play the wrong notes? What if I forget the notes? What if I just 24 ? ” Angela remembered thinking. As these worries 25 through her mind, Angela watched another girl perform. Once the girl was 26 , she walked offstage to where Angela was 27 and did something unexpected. 24．A．stand out B．win out C．mess up D．mix up 25．A．wandered B．jumped C．raced D．sorted 26．A．prepared B．finished C．disturbed D．relieved 27．A．waiting B．hesitating C．reciting D．practicing 【答案】24--27CCBA 【解析】24．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“要是我弹错了音符怎么办？要是我忘了乐谱怎么办？要是我完全搞砸了该怎么办？”Angela记得自己当时这样想。A. stand out突出；B. win out获胜；C. mess up弄乱；D. mix up混合。根据上文“What if I forget the notes?”以及下文“As these worries ______ through her mind”可推测，Angela非常担心自己搞砸了这次表演。故选C。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当这些担忧在她脑海中闪过时，Angela看到另一个女孩正在表演。A. wandered徘徊；B. jumped跳跃；C. raced赛跑、快速转动；D. sorted分类。根据上文““What if I play the  ______  notes? What if I forget the notes? What if I just  ______  ? ” Angela remembered thinking.”可知，这些担忧一直在Angela脑海中闪动。故选C。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩演奏结束后，她走下舞台，来到Angela等待的地方，做了一件意想不到的事情。A. prepared准备；B. finished完成；C. disturbed打扰；D. relieved减轻。根据上文“Angela watched another girl perform”可知，Angela看到女孩时，女孩正在演奏；由此可知，女孩此时是演奏结束才来到Angela身边。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：女孩演奏结束后，她走下舞台，来到Angela等待的地方，做了一件意想不到的事情。A. waiting等待；B. hesitating犹豫；C. reciting背诵；D. practicing练习。根据上文“But when she was next up to play, ______ began to flood her mind.”可知，Angela此时正在等待自己上台演奏。故选A。 2.（2026·河南联盟模拟预测三模） I am a college student who enjoys jogging to relax after daily studies. The other day, I 21 the homeless man who I had frequently met on my daily runs. He usually sits by a quiet tree with barely any possessions — just a small cardboard sign that gives passers-by a small clue to his story, if they 22 to read it. I chose to 23 this time and to listen to his long-term struggle on the street. I had always rushed by him silently before, but this time, I met his eye and offered the water I had just bought for myself. 21．A．corrected B．approached C．assessed D．missed 22．A．deserve B．pretend C．hesitate D．bother 23．A．stop B．ignore C．continue D．lie 【答案】21．B 22．D 23．A 【解析】21．考查动词。句意：那天我接近了那个在日常跑步中经常遇到的流浪汉。A. corrected纠正；B. approached接近；C. assessed评估；D. missed错过。根据下文“but this time, I met his eye and ____ the water I had just bought for myself.”可知，这一次，作者主动走近流浪汉，与他对视。 22．考查动词。句意：他通常坐在一棵安静的树旁，几乎没有任何东西——只有一个小纸板标志，如果路人愿意读的话，它会给路人一个关于他的故事的小线索。A. deserve值得；B. pretend假装；C. hesitate犹豫；D. bother费心。根据上文“just a small cardboard sign that gives passers-by a small clue to his story,”可知，牌子内容很少，暗示路人通常不会花心思去看，bother to do sth.表示“费心去做某事”。 23．考查动词。句意：这次我选择停下来，听听他在街上的长期挣扎。A. stop停下；B. ignore忽略；C. continue继续；D. lie说谎。根据下文“I had always rushed by him silently before, but this time, I met his eye and ____ the water I had just bought for myself.”可知，前后形成对比，作者以前总是匆匆跑过，这次选择停下。 3.（2026·湖北黄冈中学第三次模拟） We usually feel the desire to civilize teenagers, but maybe that’s wrong. We should think about how we could fruitfully be more like them. I have always taken the conventional view that it is my job to 22 my teenager, but now I am thinking maybe it is his job to disorganize me. I am the type who arrives at airports four hours in advance. My teenager, however, is very Zen (放松). 22．A．tend B．tolerate C．accept D．organize 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词。句意：我一直持有这种传统观点，认为规整好家中的青少年是我的责任，但如今我却觉得或许该由他来打乱我的生活节奏。A. tend照料；B. tolerate容忍；C. accept接受；D. organize安排、规整。根据后文“but now I am thinking maybe it is his job to disorganize me.”可知，此处与disorganize语义相反，应为“安排”符合逻辑。 考向03 阅读理解中的动词及动词短语含义 1.（2026·安徽淮南市第二次模拟）Arbaugh suffered a C4-C5 spinal cord injury in 2016 due to neck dislocation, leaving him with limited head and shoulder mobility. Traditional assistive tools, such as mouth-controlled pens for operating tablets, proved inefficient and inconvenient. Neuralink’s solution involves implanting a 4×4mm N1 chip into his brain region that controls movement, equipped with 1,024 tiny wires to detect brain signals. Signals are wirelessly sent to a decoding system, enabling precise control of digital interfaces through thought. Within four months post-surgery, Arbaugh demonstrated capabilities such as playing chess, surfing social media, and gaming. What does the underlined word “decoding” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Generating. B．Blocking. C．Storing. D．Processing. 【答案】D 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第二段“Signals are wirelessly sent to a decoding system, enabling precise control of digital interfaces through thought. (信号通过无线方式传送到decoding系统，从而能够通过思维实现对数字接口的精确控制。)。”可知，信号应该是传送到处理系统，然后进行处理，“decoding”指对脑电波信号进行处理、解读，进而转化为可用指令。 2.（2026届海南省天一第四次大联考模拟）Through workshops, recordings and teaching, Mohale restored pride in siPhuthi. Youngsters who had concealed their native tongue began to speak it openly and unreservedly, and the community wholeheartedly embraced its cultural heritage. Recognition by the government as an official language marked a milestone, yet Mohale knew survival required daily use, practice, and continued devotion. 6．What does the underlined “concealed” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Hidden. B．Analyzed. C．Popularized. D．Selected. 【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第四段中的“Youngsters who had concealed their native tongue began to speak it openly and unreservedly.(那些曾经concealed自己母语的年轻人开始公开、毫无保留地说这门语言了。)”可知，前后形成对比，从不说到公开说，说明之前是隐藏、隐瞒，因此画线词意为“隐藏”，与hidden同义。故选A项。 3.（2026·河北沧州市新华区普通高中高三总复习质量监测）Annoyed by the waste of time, Bette tried to find a solution. Typing slower or practicing more never did the trick. Then an idea struck her while painting a holiday design on the bank window: why not cover typos with paint matching the paper’s color? 5．What does the underlined phrase “did the trick” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Worked effectively. B．Took much time. C．Caused trouble. D．Got recognition. 【答案】A 【解析】词句猜测题。根据第三段划线短语前文“Annoyed by the waste of time, Bette tried to find a solution.(由于对浪费时间感到恼火，贝蒂试图寻找解决方案。)”说贝蒂想解决打字出错的问题，后文“Then an idea struck her while painting a holiday design on the bank window: why not cover typos with paint matching the paper’s color?( 当时正在画一个节日设计的她突发奇想：为何不用与纸张颜色相匹配的颜料覆盖错误呢？)”说她想到了用颜料遮盖的新方法。由此可知，“Typing slower or practicing more never did the trick. 意为“放慢打字速度或多加练习从来都不起作用”。do the trick 是固定短语，意为“奏效；达到目的”，和A选项Worked effectively“有效地工作”意思相近。 考向04动词词义辨析 1．Regular exercise, combined with a balanced diet, significantly _________ to better health and longer life expectancy. A．refers B．sticks C．contributes D．adjusts 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：定期锻炼，加上均衡的饮食，有助于改善健康状况和延长预期寿命。A. refers参考，提到；B. sticks粘贴，坚持；C. contributes贡献，有助于；D. adjusts调整。根据“Regular exercise, combined with a balanced diet”以及“to better health and longer life expectancy”可知，定期锻炼和均衡饮食有助于改善健康状况和延长预期寿命，contribute to为固定短语，表示“有助于”。故选C。 2．They have done a fantastic job ________ the garden with fountains, bird feeders, and ponds. A．levelling B．lighting C．landscaping D．labelling 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们为花园做了出色的景观设计，有喷泉、喂鸟器和池塘。A. levelling使平坦；B. lighting照亮；C. landscaping对……做景观美化；D. labelling贴标签于。根据“the garden with fountains, bird feeders, and ponds”可知，此处指对花园进行景观美化，用landscaping。故选C。 3．（2026·天津市和平区天津市第一中学月考）Carolyn was _______ with sympathy about the poor homeless cats and dogs in cold winter on streets. A．equipped B．connected C．consumed D．satisfied 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Carolyn 在寒冬里对街上可怜的流浪猫狗充满了同情。 A. equipped装备，配备；B. connected与……有关；C. consumed充满（强烈的情感）；D. satisfied使满意。 短语“be consumed with”表示“被某种强烈情感所占据、充满”，此处指Carolyn内心充满同情，符合语境。其他选项均无法与“sympathy”构成合理搭配。故选C项。 4．（2026·天津天津市和平区期末）Traffic on the main street was for three hours because of a serious accident. A．accumulated B．delayed C．returned D．circulated 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。 句意：由于一场严重的事故，主干道上的交通延误了三个小时。 A. accumulated积累；积聚；B. delayed延误；耽搁； C. returned返回；归还； D. circulated（使）循环；传播。根据后文“because of a serious accident”可知，干道上的交通延误了三个小时。故选B项。 5．（2026·天津市部分区期末）To ensure a smooth conference, the organizer ______ all the presentation equipment again. A．explored B．confirmed C．purchased D．donated 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为确保会议顺利进行，组织者再次确认了所有演示设备。A. explored探索；B. confirmed确认；C. purchased购买；D. donated捐赠。由To ensure a smooth conference可知，为了会议顺利进行，组织者是再次检查确认了设备状态。故选B项。 考向05动词短语辨析 1．（2026·山西太原文赢学校期末）My mother asked me to ________ the picture on the wall of the living room. A．put on B．put off C．put away D．put up 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我妈妈让我把画挂在客厅的墙上。A. put on穿上；B. put off推迟；C. put away收起；D. put up张贴，挂起。题干中包含重点句型ask sb. to do sth.，意为“要求某人做某事”。根据题意，妈妈是要求我把画“挂”在墙上。 2．（2026·天津东丽区质量调研试卷（二））Lisa ______ her professor at the campus cafe, which gave her a perfect chance to discuss her science fair project. A．relied on B．turned down C．came across D．brought out 【答案】C 【解析】句意：莉萨在校园咖啡馆偶遇了她的教授，这给了她一个绝佳机会探讨科学展会项目。A. relied on依靠；B. turned down拒绝；C. came across偶遇；D. brought out使显现。根据 “which gave her a perfect chance to discuss her science fair project.”可知，此处是偶然碰到教授。 3．（2026·天津市南开中学模拟预测）When the campus suddenly announced a change to the waste-sorting time, the leader of the volunteer team had to ______ and adjust the team’s on-duty schedule immediately. A．let out his emotions B．take a leaf out of his book C．think on his feet D．bury his head in the sand 【答案】C 【解析】句意：当校园突然宣布更改垃圾分类时间时，志愿者团队的负责人必须迅速做出反应，立即调整团队的值班安排。A. let out one's emotions发泄情绪；B. take a leaf out of one's book效仿某人；C. think on one’s feet迅速做出反应；D. bury one’s head in the sand逃避现实。 面对突发的时间变动，负责人需要快速思考并立即做出调整，think on one’s feet 最符合语境。 4．（2026·天津市河西区总复习质量调查三）The students’ creative performance at the art festival ________ the high expectations of their teachers and parents. A．lived up to B．looked forward to C．came up with D．put up with 【答案】A 【解析】句意：学生们在艺术节上的创造性表演没有辜负老师和家长们的高期望。A. live up to不辜负，达到； B. look forward to期待，盼望； C. come up with提出，想出； D. put up with忍受，容忍。根据上文“The students’ creative performance”可知，孩子们的表演具有创造性，应该是很棒的，因此是没有辜负老师和父母的期盼。 5．（2026·天津市耀华中学一模）Despite the tight schedule, the project manager must ______ the potential risks before finalizing the plan. A．catch sight of B．have access to C．take account of D．give way to 【答案】C 【解析】句意：尽管日程安排很紧，项目经理在最终确定计划之前必须考虑潜在的风险。A. catch sight of看见；B. have access to有接近……的机会；C. take account of考虑；D. give way to给……让路。结合“the potential risks before finalizing the plan”可知，空格处应表达“考虑”，用take account of。 二、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·四川省绵竹中学高考适应性考试） Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and early screening and detection are keys to preventing chronic (慢性的) kidney disease. Adequate hydration and healthy diet are essential. For 1 healthy adult, it is recommended to drink 1,500 to 1,700 milliliters of water per day, 2 (consume) in small amounts throughout the day, about 200 milliliters each time. Furthermore, adults are advised to keep added sugar intake below 50 grams per day, 3 (ideal) under 25 grams, as high blood sugar levels can damage the kidneys over time. In addition, 4 (limit) purine-rich foods, including organ meats and seafood, may help prevent elevated uric acid levels that can affect kidney function. People 5 chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, high uric acid or gout (痛风) are at a 6 (high) risk of kidney disease. “These patients are more likely to develop kidney problems.” LiuLi, associate chief physician at Peking University First Hospital’s Department of Nephrology, told CMG. Regular sleep patterns and regular exercise are also important. It is recommended to go to bed before 11 p.m. and 7 (sure) seven to eight hours of sleep per night. At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, such as brisk walking or jogging, can help improve circulation, strengthen the immune system and support overall kidney health. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, 8 blood vessels and kidneys are damaged, should also 9 (avoid). For most adults, integrating urinalysis and kidney function 10 (test) into an annual health checkup is vital. 【答案】 1．a 2．consumed 3．ideally 4．limiting 5．with 6．higher 7．ensure 8．where 9．be avoided 10．tests 【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了预防慢性肾病的方法：健康饮食，补水，控糖，控嘌呤，规律作息运动，远离烟酒，同时建议定期做尿检和肾功能检查。 1．考查冠词。句意：对于健康成年人，建议每天饮用1500至1700毫升的水，一天内分次少量饮用，每次约200毫升。此处泛指“一位健康的成年人”，healthy以辅音音素/h/开头，故用不定冠词a。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：对于健康成年人，建议每天饮用1500至1700毫升的水，一天内分次少量饮用，每次约200毫升。句中已有谓语 is recommended，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰water，water和consume是被动关系（水被饮用），故用过去分词consumed作后置定语。 3．考查副词。句意：此外，成年人应将每日添加糖摄入量控制在50克以内，理想情况下低于25克，因为高血糖会随着时间推移损害肾脏功能。此处需要副词修饰整个介词短语under 25 grams，表示“理想情况下”，故将形容词ideal变为副词ideally。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：同时，应限制富含嘌呤的食物，如内脏和海鲜，以帮助预防尿酸升高，从而影响肾功能。句子谓语是may help，此处需要动名词短语作主语，故将动词limit 变为动名词limiting。 5．考查介词。句意：患有高血压、糖尿病、高尿酸或痛风等慢性疾病的人群，患肾病的风险更高。people with chronic conditions 是固定表达，意为“患有慢性疾病的人”，介词 with 表示“带有、具有（某种特征或疾病）”。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：患有高血压、糖尿病、高尿酸或痛风等慢性疾病的人群，患肾病的风险更高。此处将“患有慢性病的人群”与普通人群对比，说明他们的肾病风险“更高”，故用 high的比较级higher。 7．考查动词。句意：建议晚上11点前入睡，并保证每晚睡眠7到8小时。It is recommended to do sth.是固定句型，and连接两个并列的不定式 to go to bed和to ensure，第二个不定式的 to可省略，故将形容词sure变为动词 ensure(确保)。 8．考查定语从句。句意：应避免吸烟和过量饮酒，因为这些行为会损害血管和肾脏。分析句子可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。 9．考查动词语态。句意：应避免吸烟和过量饮酒，因为这些行为会损害血管和肾脏。主语 Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption与动词avoid 是被动关系（这些行为应该被避免），情态动词should后接被动语态结构“be +过去分词”。 10．考查名词复数。句意：对于大多数成年人而言，在每年的体检中加入尿液分析和肾功能检查至关重要。kidney function test(肾功能检查)是可数名词短语，与urinalysis(尿常规检查)并列，泛指这类检查，故用复数形式tests。 三、完形填空 （河南省开封高级中学2026届高三诊断（一）） Greenish blue waters sparkled so bright that it was as if the stars had fallen into the sea overnight. I sat on the cliff (悬崖) edge breathing in the moment. John 1 nearby, operating the drone as it flew overhead, 2 the beautiful scenery for us. On the track up ahead I saw a couple walking in our 3 . “Good morning,” I 4 them. They smiled and nodded as they passed. They walked a little further until the woman noticed John with the drone. She 5 to observe what he was photographing. She called her partner over. Together they raised their 6 to look at the area before them. The ocean sparkled in the sun. 7 mountains in the distance were covered in green vegetation. Purple and yellow wildflowers 8 from cliff faces. A soft breeze carried a bird into view. The couple gasped at the 9 before them, as if they were seeing it for the first time. The woman 10 her camera and captured the scene. As the couple continued on their way, I thought about our everyday 11 . How many routine moments become so 12 that we no longer truly feel the 13 they bring to our lives? Today, as you go about your day, take care of your loved ones and 14 feel what you are experiencing. What do you 15 as if for the first time? 1．A．stood B．hid C．complained D．learned 2．A．creating B．researching C．capturing D．describing 3．A．company B．memory C．shadow D．direction 4．A．recognized B．invited C．greeted D．interrupted 5．A．pretended B．stopped C．failed D．hesitated 6．A．heads B．voices C．spirits D．hands 7．A．Rocky B．Snowy C．Flat D．Bare 8．A．fell apart B．dried out C．sprang up D．broke down 9．A．chance B．beauty C．challenge D．event 10．A．looked for B．checked out C．put away D．took out 11．A．encounters B．expectations C．concerns D．tasks 12．A．private B．familiar C．painful D．strange 13．A．pressure B．lesson C．pleasure D．award 14．A．fully B．regularly C．possibly D．hardly 15．A．change B．remember C．imagine D．notice 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．D 4．C 5．B 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 【解析】文章主要讲述作者海边偶遇一对夫妇沉醉自然风光，由此感悟人们应用心感受日常点滴美好的人生道理。 1．考查动词。句意：约翰站在附近，操控着头顶飞行的无人机，为我们拍下美丽的景色。A. stood站立；B. hid躲藏；C. complained抱怨；D. learned学习。根据后文“operating the drone as it flew overhead”可知，约翰在一旁站着操作无人机。 2．考查动词。句意：约翰站在附近，操控着头顶飞行的无人机，为我们拍下美丽的景色。A. creating创造；B. researching研究；C. capturing拍摄；D. describing描述。根据前文“operating the drone”以及后文“what he was photographing”可知，无人机是用来拍摄美景的。 3．考查名词。句意：在前方的小径上，我看见一对夫妇正朝着我们的方向走来。A. company陪伴；B. memory回忆；C. shadow影子；D. direction方向。根据后文“They smiled and nodded as they passed”可知，夫妇朝着作者所在的方向走来并擦肩而过。 4．考查动词。句意：“早上好。”我向他们打招呼。A. recognized认出；B. invited邀请；C. greeted问候；D. interrupted打断。根据前文“Good morning”可知，这是作者向路人主动问候打招呼。 5．考查动词。句意：她停下来观察他正在拍摄的景物。A. pretended假装；B. stopped停下；C. failed未能；D. hesitated犹豫。根据后文“observe what he was photographing. She called her partner over.”可知，女士停下脚步，驻足观看无人机拍摄的景色。 6．考查名词。句意：他们一起抬起头，眺望眼前的这片风景。A. heads头；B. voices声音；C. spirits精神；D. hands手。根据后文“look at the area before them”可知，两人抬起头部望向远方海景山色。 7．考查形容词。句意：远处多岩石的山脉群山被绿色植被覆盖。A. Rocky多岩石的；B. Snowy积雪的；C. Flat平坦的；D. Bare光秃秃的。根据后文“were covered in green vegetation”以及海边远景山峦语境可知，此处指的是指多岩石的山脉。 8．考查动词短语。句意：紫色和黄色的野花从悬崖峭壁上蓬勃生长出来。A. fell apart破碎；B. dried out干枯；C. sprang up涌现，生长；D. broke down出故障。根据后文“from cliff faces”可知，野花从悬崖边上生长绽放。 9．考查名词。句意：这对夫妇惊叹于眼前的美景，仿佛是第一次见到这般景致。A. chance机会；B. beauty美景；C. challenge挑战；D. event事件。根据前文“The ocean sparkled in the sun. ______ mountains in the distance were covered in green vegetation. Purple and yellow wildflowers _______ from cliff faces. A soft breeze carried a bird into view.”可知，前文细致描绘了大海、青山、野花、飞鸟等自然风光，夫妇二人为此处美景发出赞叹。 10．考查动词短语。句意：那位女士拿出相机，拍下了这一幕景色。A. looked for寻找；B. checked out结账；C. put away收好；D. took out拿出。根据后文“captured the scene”可知，女士拿出相机拍摄眼前美景。 11．考查名词。句意：当这对夫妇继续前行时，我联想到了我们日常生活中的种种际遇。A. encounters际遇，偶遇；B. expectations期待；C. concerns担忧；D. tasks任务。根据前文“On the track up ahead I saw a couple walking in our ________ .”以及作者与陌生夫妇海边偶遇、驻足共赏风景的情节，可知作者由这次偶遇联想到生活中的日常相逢与际遇。 12．考查形容词。句意：有多少日常瞬间变得太过熟悉，以至于我们不再真正感受它们带给生活的愉悦。A. private私人的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. painful痛苦的；D. strange陌生的。根据后文“no longer truly feel”可知，日常事物因太过熟悉，反而让人忽略其美好。 13．考查名词。句意：有多少日常瞬间变得太过熟悉，以至于我们不再真正感受它们带给生活的愉悦。A. pressure压力；B. lesson教训；C. pleasure愉悦；D. award奖励。根据前文“The couple gasped at the ______ before them, as if they were seeing it for the first time.”可知，夫妇由衷沉醉自然风光之美，由此可知，作者感慨人们渐渐忽略日常光景带给生活的美好与愉悦。 14．考查副词。句意：在度过每一天时，请珍惜身边所爱之人，并全然用心感受当下的经历。A. fully全然地；B. regularly定期地；C. possibly可能地；D. hardly几乎不。根据前文“that we no longer truly feel the ________ they bring to our lives?”可知，人们因熟悉而麻木无感，由此可知，作者呼吁大家全身心、完整地去感受当下的生活经历。 15．考查动词。句意：有哪些事物，你会如同初次遇见一般去留意和感知？A. change改变；B. remember记住；C. imagine想象；D. notice留意。根据前文“Today, as you go about your day, take care of your loved ones and _______ feel what you are experiencing.”可知，用心感受当下、以初见之心对待日常美好，由此可知，此处反问人们会以初次相见的心态去留意身边的事物。 四、阅读理解 （陕西西安中学2025-2026学年高三下学期第七次模拟）In the early hours of March 13,1964, Kitty Genovese was attacked violently near her New York apartment despite neighbors hearing her screams. The case made headlines in The New York Times, which reported that 38 witnesses heard the attack but took no action. To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané conducted two classic experiments. Their first experiment showed that the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31% did so in a group of six. In their second smoke experiment, 75% of people alone sought help when smoke filled the room, but just 10% did so with passive bystanders around. They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others’ inaction. The second reason for the bystander effect is that when multiple bystanders are present, each person feels less personal commitment to act, as they assume others (especially those with professional skills like doctors or police) will intervene. This phenomenon is more common in urban areas with many strangers, unlike in small communities where people feel a clear sense of responsibility to help others they know. Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané’s classic bystander effect theory. Using real-world CCTV footage from three pairs of culturally diverse cities — Lancaster, Amsterdam, and Cape Town — Dr. Richard Philpot of Lancaster University and his team analyzed 212 violent incidents. Their findings showed that bystanders intervened in 91% of cases, and in direct contradiction to the original theory, the presence of more bystanders actually increased the likelihood of intervention, with multiple people often stepping in together. The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others, driven by social conventions and a desire to understand, protect, and assist others. 1．What does the underlined word “diffused”in paragraph 2 mean? A．Weakened. B．Shifted. C．Continued. D．Increased. 2．The bystander effect occurs primarily because people _________. A．are unwilling to help strangers B．are influenced by urbanization C．are discouraged by professionals D．are unable to recognize an emergency 3．Which statement does Philpot probably agree with? A．Protecting others should be advocated. B．Bystander responses rely on intervention types. C．The tendency to help is rooted in human nature. D．Cultural differences lead to the bystander effect. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards bystander effect? A．Subjective B．Impartial C．Critical D．Favourable 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【解析】本文介绍了“旁观者效应”的经典实验、成因，以及最新研究对该理论的质疑。 1．词句猜测题。根据文章第二段“the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31% did so in a group of six (旁观者越多，个人的责任感就越弱 —— 一对一情境下 85% 的参与者会伸出援手，而六人组中只有 31% 的人会帮忙)”可推，破折号后数据对比显示：旁观者变多→出手帮助的比例明显下降，说明个人责任感被削弱、变弱。“diffused”意为“减弱”。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others’ inaction. (他们指出，旁观者效应主要源于人们因他人不作为而无法将情况判定为紧急情况。)”可知，人们无法识别紧急情况。 3．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others (不同城市一致的干预类型表明，我们天生就有帮助他人的意愿)”可推知助人倾向是人类天性。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané conducted two classic experiments. (为了弄清原因，社会心理学家约翰・达利和比布・拉塔内开展了两项经典实验。)”和第四段“Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané’s classic bystander effect theory. (最近的研究对达利和拉塔内经典旁观者效应理论的普遍性提出了质疑。)”可推知，作者客观陈述传统理论与质疑研究，无主观偏向，态度公正。 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 水的象征意义及作用(T1) 自我成长(T2); 人工智能(T3) 一、所给词的适当形式填空 1．The question must be (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it. 【答案】simplified 【解析】考查词性转换和动词的语态。句意：这个问题必须被简化，以便我们能找到解决它的办法。simple的动词形式是simplify意为“使简化”；主语The question与动词simplify之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be + 过去分词结构。故填simplified。 1．Physical strength is important, but athletes also need to (strength) their mental resilience. 【答案】strengthen 【解析】考查名词和动词。句意：体力很重要，但运动员也需要加强他们的心理韧性。用动词原形，strengthen意为“增强”，为及物动词。故填strength；strengthen。 3．My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me. 【答案】measures 【解析】考查不及物动词和时态。句意：我的新卧室尺寸是15英尺乘12英尺，对我来说足够大了。 measure可作不及物动词，表示“量度为……”，没有被动语态，表示客观事实用一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词也用单数，故填measures。 4.The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, (sell) well. 【答案】sell 【解析】考查动词语态。句意：这些书是由江苏著名作家周梅森写的，卖得很好。提示词在句中作谓语动词，sell用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。句子的主语“The books which were written by Zhou Meisen”是复数，故填sell。   5．Although I have sympathy for people in difficulty, it is very hard for me to (sympathy) with the young man begging in the street; in other words, I do not feel sympathetic towards him at all. 【答案】 sympathize 【解析】考查名词、动词和形容词。句意：虽然我同情有困难的人，但我很难同情在街上乞讨的年轻人；换句话说，我一点也不同情他。第一空作have的宾语，应用名词，sympathy意为“同情”，为不可数名词，have sympathy for意为“对……同情”。第二空前有不定式符号to，这里应用动词原形，sympathize意为“同情”，为及物动词。第三空作feel的表语，应用形容词，sympathetic意为“同情的”，feel sympathetic towards意为“对……感到同情”。故填sympathy；sympathize；sympathetic。 6.When arriving in a foreign country, you’d better (familiar) yourself with the local situation at first. 【答案】familiarize 【解析】考查动词。句意：到了外国，你最好先熟悉一下当地的情况。根据you’d better可知，空处应用动词原形。familiarize意为“使熟悉”，为及物动词。familiarize oneself with意为“熟悉，了解”，为固定搭配。故填familiarize。 7.I lock the door yesterday afternoon when I left the office; but it is still open. 【答案】did 【解析】考查助动词。句意：昨天下午我离开办公室时确实锁门了；但它现在仍然是开放的。分析句子结构可知，此处应填did，为助动词，用于对过去发生的动作lock进行强调，加强语气，意为“确实、的确”。故填did。 8．Not until then I realise words could be powerful in positive and negative ways. 【答案】did 【解析】考查倒装句。句意：直到那时我才意识到语言可以在积极和消极方面具有强大的力量。not until位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构，即将助动词、情态动词或be动词提前。此处主句为一般过去时，需将助动词did提前。故填did。 9.Class activities will vary from day to day, but students be ready to complete short inclass writings. 【答案】must 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：课堂活动每天都不同，但学生必须准备好完成短篇当堂作文。根据“be ready to complete short inclass writings(准备好完成短篇当堂作文)”可推理出空白处应填表示“必须”含义的情态动词，用must。故填must。 10．If you have a problem with a product, local store owners, who even know you by name, are often willing to help. 【答案】may 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：如果你的产品有问题，当地的店主往往愿意帮助你，他们甚至可能知道你的名字。此处为不太确定的推测，应用情态动词may表示“可能”。故填may。 11.Team building activities make a great difference when it comes to job satisfaction and organizational success. 【答案】can 【解析】考查情态动词。句意：在工作满意度和企业成功方面，团建活动能够起到很大作用。根据语境可知，此处表示“有能力、能够”。情态动词can可表示人或事物具备的能力。故填can。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026届江苏南京市高三年级第二次模拟） Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply 1 (involve) in philosophy and mythology. It is 2 source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically (审美上) powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one. Chinese philosophy, 3 (particular) Daoism, views water as the model for cosmic (宇宙的) and social order. Daoism, formed in the 6th century BC, 4 (believe) humans should live in harmony with nature’s Dao — the natural flow of life. The Daode Jing emphasizes the virtues of water, illustrating 5 its qualities shape and guide the principles of social life and personal conduct to a remarkable extent. In Chinese art, the landscape concept of "shanshui" combines mountains — representing 6 (still), and water — representing change, symbolizing the harmony 7 brevity (短暂 ) and continuity in nature. Ancient Chinese architecture, such as Hongcun, integrates water systems 8 reflect the anatomy (解剖) of an ox, 9 (display) the human-nature balance. Water demonstrates our connection to nature and reminds us of 10 (environment) crises, like polluted rivers. They highlight the importance of remembering our ancestral ties to this essential element. 【答案】 1．involved 2．a 3．particularly 4．believes 5．how 6．stillness 7．between 8．that/which 9．displaying 10．environmental 【解析】文章主要讲述了水在中国文化、哲学、艺术及建筑中的象征意义及作用。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国文化中，水是代表自然与和谐的基本象征，深深融入哲学与神话之中。本空在句中作状语，且involve与逻辑主语water之间是被动关系，用过去分词involved。 2．考查冠词。句意：它是古代思想家和平的源泉，在中国艺术和建筑中被认为是具有审美力量的，将人类世界与自然世界融为一体。此处表示泛指“一个和平的源泉”，source以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。 3．考查副词。句意：中国哲学，特别是道家，将水视为宇宙和社会秩序的典范。本空在句中修饰Daoism，作状语，用副词particularly“特别地，尤其”。 4．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：道家形成于公元前6世纪，认为人类应该与自然的“道”——生命的自然流动——和谐相处。句子描述的一般事实，用一般现在时，主语Daoism为第三人称单数，谓语用第三人称单数believes。 5．考查名词性从句。句意：《道德经》强调水的美德，说明水的品质如何在很大程度上塑造和指导社会生活和个人行为的原则。本空引导宾语从句，在从句中作状语，表示“如何”，用连接副词how。 6．考查名词。句意：在中国艺术中，“山水”的景观概念结合了山——代表静止，和水——代表变化，象征着自然中短暂与连续的和谐。本空在句中作representing的宾语，用名词stillness“静止”。 7．考查介词。句意：在中国艺术中，“山水”的景观概念结合了山——代表静止，和水——代表变化，象征着自然中短暂与连续的和谐。between...and...是固定短语，意为“在……和……之间”。 8．考查定语从句。句意：例如宏村这样的中国古代建筑，融入契合牛躯体轮廓的水系，展现人与自然的平衡。本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词water systems，关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词which或that。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国古代建筑，如宏村，整合了反映牛解剖结构的水系统，展示了人与自然的平衡。本空在句中作结果状语，表示前面整合水系统所导致的结果，用现在分词displaying，表示自然而然的结果。 10．考查形容词。句意：水展示了我们与自然的联系，并提醒我们注意环境危机，如河流污染。本空在句中修饰名词crises，用形容词environmental“环境的”，作定语。 三、完形填空 （广东惠州市、韶关市2026届下学期高三4月练习） For the longest time, I believed I wasn’t a math person. The very word “math” used to fill me with 1 . While others handled formulas (公式) with ease, I struggled a lot. So I 2 math whenever possible, accepting numbers just weren’t my thing. Then came junior year with an unexpected change. Due to a course selection 3 , I got placed in an advanced statistics class. I panicked and considered begging the counselor to 4 . But by the time I checked, the drop deadline had 5 . I had no choice but to stay. The first few weeks were rough. I felt like learning a new language. However, there was something 6 about this class. The teacher didn’t just write formulas. He told stories with data, showing how statistics could 7 real-world problems. Then came the 8 that made all the difference. We were asked to collect data and analyze it to answer a 9 we were curious about. Half-jokingly, I chose: “Does sleep affect test scores?” I surveyed classmates, tracked sleep habits, and created graphs with my group members. To my surprise, I enjoyed every part of the 10 . I especially liked finding patterns and telling stories with 11 . When I presented my findings, I felt 12 — not just for surviving the task, but because something finally made sense. Since then, I’ve stopped labeling myself so 13 . I’ve learned that I’m more 14 than I thought. Sometimes what we fear or avoid holds pieces of who we really are, waiting to be 15 . 1．A．fear B．joy C．anger D．pride 2．A．practiced B．discussed C．avoided D．challenged 3．A．plan B．mistake C．guidance D．method 4．A．move on B．step aside C．make a switch D．keep a secret 5．A．changed B．extended C．approached D．passed 6．A．familiar B．awkward C．different D．ridiculous 7．A．record B．predict C．hide D．explain 8．A．project B．exam C．decision D．competition 9．A．request B．message C．call D．question 10．A．class B．process C．experiment D．invention 11．A．numbers B．words C．details D．actions 12．A．nervous B．curious C．proud D．calm 13．A．openly B．narrowly C．carefully D．slightly 14．A．social B．analytical C．sensitive D．expressive 15．A．accepted B．forgotten C．ignored D．discovered 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．D 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．A 12．C 13．B 14．B 15．D 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从害怕数学到爱上统计，发现自身潜能的成长经历。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“数学”这个词过去常常让我充满恐惧。A. fear恐惧；B. joy喜悦；C. anger愤怒；D. pride骄傲。根据前文“I wasn’t a math person”及后文“While others handled formulas (公式) with ease, I struggled a lot.”可知，作者学数学很吃力，因此对数学感到害怕。故选A。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以只要有可能，我就避开数学，接受数字不是我的擅长这一事实。A. practiced练习；B. discussed讨论；C. avoided避开；D. challenged挑战。根据前文“While others handled formulas (公式) with ease, I struggled a lot.”及后文“accepting numbers just weren’t my thing”可知，作者觉得自己不是学数学的料，因此选择避开数学。故选C。 3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于选课失误，我被安排进了高级统计课。A. plan计划；B. mistake错误；C. guidance指导；D. method方法。根据后文“I got placed in an advanced statistics class”以及作者本想避开数学可知，选课环节出了差错。故选B。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我很恐慌，考虑求辅导员换课。A. move on继续前进；B. step aside让开；C. make a switch调换，改变；D. keep a secret保守秘密。根据前文作者对数学的恐惧以及“I panicked”可知，作者不想上这门课，想让辅导员调换课程。故选C。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但等我查看的时候，退课截止日期已经过了。A. changed改变；B. extended延伸；C. approached接近；D. passed过去，结束。根据后文“I had no choice but to stay”可知，截止日期已过，所以无法退课。故选D。 6．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，这堂课有些不同。A. familiar熟悉的；B. awkward尴尬的；C. different不同的；D. ridiculous荒谬的。根据后文“The teacher didn’t just write formulas. He told stories with data”可知，这位老师的教学方法与以往不同。故选C。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他用数据讲故事，展示统计学如何解释现实世界的问题。A. record记录；B. predict预测；C. hide隐藏；D. explain解释。根据后文“real-world problems”可知，统计学可以解释现实世界的问题。故选D。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后来了一个项目，带来了巨大的改变。A. project项目；B. exam考试；C. decision决定；D. competition竞争。根据后文“We were asked to collect data and analyze it”可知，这是一个需要收集和分析数据的项目任务。故选A。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们被要求收集数据并分析它，以回答一个我们好奇的问题。A. request请求；B. message信息；C. call呼叫；D. question问题。根据后文“Does sleep affect test scores?”可知，是要回答一个问题。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我惊讶的是，我喜欢这个过程的每一部分。A. class班级；B. process过程；C. experiment实验；D. invention发明。根据前文“collect data and analyze it”以及后文“I especially liked finding patterns”可知，作者喜欢这个收集数据和分析的过程。故选B。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我特别喜欢发现模式，并用数字讲故事。A. numbers数字；B. words单词，话语；C. details细节；D. actions行动。根据前文“I got placed in an advanced statistics class.”及“We were asked to collect data and analyze it”可知，与数学、统计相关的是数字。故选A。 12．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我展示我的发现时，我感到自豪——不仅仅是因为我完成了任务，还因为有些事情终于有意义了。A. nervous紧张的；B. curious好奇的；C. proud骄傲的；D. calm冷静的。根据后文“not just for surviving the task, but because something finally made sense”可知，作者完成任务且有所领悟，因此感到自豪。故选C。 13．考查副词词义辨析。句意：从那以后，我不再如此狭隘地给自己贴标签了。A. openly公开地；B. narrowly狭隘地；C. carefully仔细地；D. slightly稍微地。根据前文“For the longest time, I believed I wasn’t a math person.”可知，作者一直认为自己不是学数学的料，之前是狭隘地给自己贴标签。故选B。 14．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我了解到我比自己想象的更有分析能力。A. social社交的；B. analytical分析的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. expressive善于表达的。根据前文“I surveyed classmates, tracked sleep habits, and created graphs with my group members. To my surprise, I enjoyed every part of the . I especially liked finding patterns and telling stories with .”可知，作者喜欢分析数据、发现模式，他发现自己具备分析能力。故选B。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时我们害怕或回避的事物中，藏着真正的自我的一部分，等待着被发现。A. accepted接受；B. forgotten忘记；C. ignored忽视；D. discovered发现。根据前文“I’ve learned that I’m more than I thought.”可知，作者通过尝试统计课发现自己的潜能，这里是说真实的自我等待被发现。故选D。 四、阅读理解 Science fiction has long dramatized the threat of artificial intelligence (AI), expressing the fear that machines becoming smarter than humans might develop their own plans and turn against us. The rise of conversational AI like ChatGPT has made such imagined futures seem real, leading some to believe that super-intelligent, self-aware AI is coming soon. However, a significant gap exists between these dramatic stories and the operational reality of current technology. Experts emphasize a crucial distinction. “Today’s AI tools are brilliant at pattern recognition and generating reasonable text, but they lack understanding, consciousness, or genuine intent,” explains computational linguist Emily Bender. Systems like ChatGPT are trained on enormous datasets to predict linguistic patterns, enabling them to produce human-like responses. Yet, this performance is a complicated form of imitation (模仿), not evidence of conscious thought. The core of modern AI lies in advanced data processing, not in having desires or goals. Thus, the vital debate shifts from the question of machine consciousness to the issues of capability and alignment (对齐). Even without self-awareness, AI can outperform humans in specific areas such as data analysis and logical inference. This power introduces a critical risk — “alignment problem”: an AI, strongly trained for a poorly defined goal, might pursue harmful methods to achieve it. For instance, an AI designed to maximize a certain result might find reasons to cheat, or in experimental settings, even resist being shut down, viewing it as a threat to its mission. As researcher Melanie Mitchell points out, such troubling behaviors may not arise from true self-preservation instinct, but from AI’s tendency to copy and role-play. This opinion changes our challenge. The most immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style robot uprising (反抗), but the increase of real-world harms — such as the creation of convincing misinformation, the loss of privacy, or the growth of automated war — through the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管制的) tools. Consequently, the urgent need is not to protect against made-up super-intelligence, but to establish strong moral frameworks and global control for the very influential technologies we are now using, ensuring they stay in line with human well-being and social values. 1．What does Emily Bender think of today’s AI tools? A．They can think consciously by learning. B．They give human-like responses by imitating. C．They can grasp text’s real meaning. D．They have genuine intent behind their answers. 2．What is the “alignment problem” mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．AI might pursue goals with harmful methods. B．AI can tell right from wrong. C．AI has a true self-preservation drive. D．AI can align perfectly with human values. 3．According to the text, which is the most immediate danger posed by AI? A．The fictional robot uprising. B．The outbreak of biological war. C．AI’s full self-preservation. D．Real-life threats from AI. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The AI Boost: The Rise of Super-intelligent AI B．ChatGPT’s Magic: How AI Makes Science Fiction Real C．AI’s Real Threat: From Robot Uprising to Unregulated Tools D．Urgent Call to Action: Guard Against the Myth of Super-intelligence 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 【解析】文章批判了科幻叙事中AI具备意识并反抗人类的恐惧，指出当前AI的本质是模式模仿而非真正理解，并强调最紧迫的风险在于强大但未受监管的AI工具可能引发的现实危害，因此呼吁建立伦理与监管框架。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Systems like ChatGPT are trained on enormous datasets to predict linguistic patterns, enabling them to produce human-like responses. Yet, this performance is a complicated form of imitation (模仿), not evidence of conscious thought. (像ChatGPT这样的系统通过海量数据集进行训练，以预测语言模式，使它们能够产生类似人类的回答。然而，这种表现是一种复杂的模仿形式，而非意识思维的证据。)”可知，Emily Bender指出当前的AI工具通过模仿来给出类似人类的回答。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段中“This power introduces a critical risk — “alignment problem”: an AI, strongly trained for a poorly defined goal, might pursue harmful methods to achieve it. (这种能力带来了一个关键风险——“对齐问题”：一个为定义不清的目标而强力训练的AI，可能会采用有害的方法来实现它。)”可知，“对齐问题”指的是AI为实现目标可能采取有害手段。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The most immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style robot uprising (反抗), but the increase of real-world harms — such as the creation of convincing misinformation, the loss of privacy, or the growth of automated war — through the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管制的) tools. (最紧迫的危险可能不是科幻式的机器人起义，而是通过滥用强大且未受监管的工具而加剧的现实危害——例如制造令人信服的虚假信息、隐私丧失或自动化战争的增长。)”可知，最紧迫的危险是AI带来的现实威胁。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第四段中“The most immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style robot uprising (反抗), but the increase of real-world harms… through the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管制的) tools. (最紧迫的危险可能不是科幻式的机器人起义，而是通过滥用强大且未受监管的工具而加剧的现实危害……)”可知，文章首先引出对超级AI的科幻式恐惧，再引用专家看法指出当前AI本质是模仿而非意识，并讨论AI的“对齐问题”与能力风险，强调最紧迫的危险是未受监管的AI工具导致的现实危害，最后呼吁建立伦理框架与全球监管。因此，“AI的真实威胁：从机器人起义到未受监管的工具”破除机器人起义的迷思，且聚焦未受监管工具的现实威胁，最适合作为文章标题。 真题·实战演练 高频考点：动词的词形转换，动词词义辨析，动词短语辨析，动词的一词多义及熟词生义，动词的概述 动词的词形转换 1.（2026·内蒙古赤峰二中月考）This can _______(deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the solar system. 【答案】deepen 【解析】考查动词。句意：这可以加深他们对月球和太阳系历史的了解。根据空前的can可知，空处应用动词原形。deep的动词形式是deepen，意为“增长（知识），加深（理解）”，为及物动词。故填deepen。 2. The best way to live is to help and (rich) the lives of others. 【答案】enrich 【解析】考查动词。句意：最好的生活方式是帮助和丰富别人的生活。分析句子结构，空处与and之前的help并列，help为动词，故空处应用动词形式enrich，表示“使富有”。故填enrich。 3．Can you (vision) what urban life will be like in 100 years? 【答案】envision 【解析】考查动词原形。句意：你能想象100年后的城市生活会是什么样子吗？情态动词Can之后，应该跟动词原形，vision一般用作名词，表示“视力、视野”，作动词时，表示“在梦中看见；想像”，不符合句意，动词 envision，意为“展望，想象”，为及物动词，符合句意，在该句中，其后接宾语从句 what urban life will be like in 100 years? 故填envision。 4. Let’s (summary) what we have learnt today. 【答案】summarise/summarize 【解析】考查动词。句意:让我们总结一下今天我们学习的内容。let's后用动词原形。summary是名词，动词是summarise或summarize。故填summarise/summarize。 考查动词的熟词生义（推断划线部分动词的意思） 1. (2023年全国乙卷) In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.(全国乙卷, 阅读理解A) 【答案】审判，审理 【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：1322年，她因非法行医而受审。根据后面的unlawfully可知，此处意为：审判。 2. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.（2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解A） 【答案】包括 【解析】考查考查熟词生意。句意：这个2.5小时的旅程涵盖了the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery和更多的地方。 3. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.(新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解B) 【答案】v. 开发，研制 【解析】考查考查熟词生意。句意：他开发了一种处理污水的类似温室的设施。根据后面的facility，可知此处是研发。 4.（2021·全国乙卷 ）(阅读C)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 【答案】vt.逼迫；使迫不得已 【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：Von Wong希望他的工作也能有助于迫使大公司减少它们的塑料足迹。 5. （2021·全国甲卷 ）(阅读B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽)． 【答案】vt.经营；管理 【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：负责繁育计划的 Port Lympne Reserve 迎来了一只稀有的黑犀牛幼崽。 6.（2021·全国甲卷 ）(阅读七选五)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. 【答案】vt.仿效；追随；拥护 【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：不要追随那些让你感觉不够好的人。 推断阅读理解中划线部分动词的意思 1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A) Habitat  Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive  resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 【答案】adj. 易受影响的；需保护的 【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：栖息地恢复团队的志愿者在恢复易受影响的资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用。 2.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) Then he tried acupuncture, an  ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after  two or three treatments. 【答案】n. 惯常做法 【解析】考查熟词生意。句意：然后他尝试了针灸，一种中国古老的疗法，他惊讶于两三次治疗后病情有所进步。 在语境中考查动词词义 1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 21 , Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I 22 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 23 a sentence of  Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 24 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier. 21．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle 22．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened 23．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match 24．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我喜欢在法国旅行，但当谈到选择我最喜欢的定居地点时，意大利显然是赢家。A. study学习；B. rent出租；C. visit游览；D. settle定居。根据下文“After I made Italy my permanent home”以及“make a new country feel like home”可推知，此处指作者最喜欢的定居地点。故选D。 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我第一次访问意大利时，我很难问路或在餐馆点餐。A. planned计划；B. struggled斗争、吃力地进行；C. refused拒绝；D. happened出现、发生。根据上文“During my first visit to Italy”可推知，此处指作者第一次到意大利，语言不通，很难沟通交流。故选B。 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. string串起、连成一串；B. hang悬挂；C. mix混合；D. match配对。根据下文“a sentence of Italian together”可推知，此处指作者努力想用意大利语串成一句话。故选A。 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试着把一个意大利语句子串在一起，当地人对我微笑，称赞我的语言技能。A. improved改进；B. assessed评估；C. admired钦佩；D. praised赞扬。根据上文“the locals smiled at me”以及下文“That encouragement”可推知，此处指作者尝试说意大利语，当地人赞扬作者的语言能力。故选D。 2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! 41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit 43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training 44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A. knew知道；B. held抓住；C. won赢得；D. quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C。 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A. asking要求；B. looking看；C. waiting等待；D. training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D。 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A. made制作；B. believed相信；C. hated讨厌；D. deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my_________seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C。 3.(2023年新高考II卷) After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me _____51_____ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and _____52_____ them as soon as we got to Kansas City. 51. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load 52. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：道别之后，我让George和他的妻子帮我把Tiffy送上飞机。A. feed喂养；B. follow跟随；C. change改变；D. load装载。load into装入。根据“Tiffy into the plane.”可知，作者让George和他的妻子帮忙把Tiffy装入飞机。故选D。 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我答应过会照顾好Tiffy，一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。A. call打电话；B. join加入；C. leave离开；D. serve服务。根据“as soon as we got to Kansas City.”可知，作者承诺一到堪萨斯城就给他们打电话。故选A。 4.(2023年新高考II卷) It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___46___ Tiffy. 44. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed 45. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed 46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. appeared出现；B. proved证明；C. happened碰巧；D. showed展示。根据“I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen,”可知，碰巧的是作者和另一名飞行员正在计划另一次PNP飞行。故选C。 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：碰巧我和另一名飞行员Karen正在计划另一次PNP飞行，他主动提出要把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。A. waited等待；B. offered提供、主动提出；C. hurried匆忙；D. failed失败。根据“to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.”可知，Karen主动提出帮忙把狗Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。故选B。 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我要做的就是飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。A. see off为……送行；B. look for寻找；C. hand over移交；D. pick up接载。根据“What I was to do was fly to Topeka”和常识可知，作者需要飞到托皮卡去接Tiffy。故选D。 5.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her delay came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line. 21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据“because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。 在语境中考查动词短语辨析 1. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention. 27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。 2. （2022年新高考I卷)Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip. 47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off 【答案】D 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们出发时，天空很晴朗，但山中风暴来势汹汹，风暴很快中断了我们平静的晨间旅行。A. signed up注册、报名；B. calmed down冷静下来；C. checked out退房、结账离开；D. headed off启程、出发。根据上文“The sky was clear”以及下文“but storms move in fast in the mountains”可推知，此处指天气突然变化，出发时还天气晴朗。故选D。 3. （2021·新高考I卷 ）This was harder than it sounds. （51）　 　 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d expected. 51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on 【答案】B 【解析】根据下文中的and the cakes pile up. 可知,一旦动作减速一点点,蛋糕就会堆积起来了。calm down冷静；slow down减速；stay on继续留下；move on继续前进。 写出下列词在句中的具体含义 1.address 1.The letter was correctly addressed, but delivered to the wrong house.  2.I was surprised when he addressed me in English. 3.The judge should be addressed as ‘Your Honour’.  4. He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.  5. Your essay does not address the real issues.  【答案】1.vt 写地址邮寄给 2.vt 对某人说话 3.vt冠以（某种称呼） 4. vt 对……演讲  5.vt设法解决；处理 2.approach 1. Spring is approaching. 2. He didn't approach the front door at once. 3. What's the best way of approaching this problem? 4. My English teacher is easy to approach. 5. The approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 6. We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information. 【答案】1. vt （时间）临近 2. vt （空间）3. vt处理 4. vt接洽5. n 通道 6. n方法 3.board 1.I posted a question on the message board.  2.She has a seat on the board of directors.   3.Free room and board are provided for all hotel staff. 4.Have the passengers gone on board yet?  5.The ship was boarded by customs officials. 【答案】1.木板2.董事会；理事会 3.膳食，伙食 4.在飞火轮上5.上飞火轮 4.course 1.The college runs specialist language courses. 2.He's seen many changes in the course of his long life. 3.The lunch was excellent, especially the first course.  4.He radioed the pilot to change course.  5.The wisest course would be to say nothing.  【答案】1.n 课程2. n过程in the course of在…过程中3.n 一道菜 4.n 航向，航道 5.n 做法 5.credit 1.We bought the dishwasher on credit.  2.The bank refused further credit to the company. 3.He's a player who rarely seems to get the credit he deserves.  4.She is a credit to the school.  5.It was fantastic seeing my name in the credits.  6.He's only 30, and he already has four novels to his credit. 7.To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.   8.The education department offered a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. 9.$50 000 has been credited to your account. 10.The company is credited with inventing the robot. 【答案】1.n赊账 欠账 2.n 贷款 3.n赞扬，认可 4.n 为…赢得荣誉的人或物5.n片头字幕，片尾字幕6.have sth to one’s credit. 取得…成就 7.to one’s credit使值得赞扬8.n学分9.vt存入金额 10.be credited with 把…归于 2 / 28网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题07 动词及动词短语 目 录 模拟·基础演练 1 重难·创新演练 14 真题·实战演练 26 模拟·基础演练 考查重点：动词的词形转换，动词词义辨析，动词短语辨析，动词的一词多义及熟词生义，动词的概述 一、单句语法填空/选择填空 考向01动词的词形转换 1．It is suggested that you should practice more on daily basis to (sharp) your badminton skills. 2．Don’t put your prices too high or you’ll (fright) the customers away. 3．Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language. 4．Don’t worry. I can (defence) myself from my enemies. 5．And emoji can (contribution) directly to that positive outcome. 考向02完形填空中的动词及动词短语辨析 1．（2026·河北衡水中学高三考前综合测试） When Angela Zhao was just 10 years old, she entered her first piano competition. On the day of the event, each participant had to perform their piece. At first, Angela was excited. But when she was next up to play, doubts began to flood her mind. “What if I play the wrong notes? What if I forget the notes? What if I just 24 ? ” Angela remembered thinking. As these worries 25 through her mind, Angela watched another girl perform. Once the girl was 26 , she walked offstage to where Angela was 27 and did something unexpected. 24．A．stand out B．win out C．mess up D．mix up 25．A．wandered B．jumped C．raced D．sorted 26．A．prepared B．finished C．disturbed D．relieved 27．A．waiting B．hesitating C．reciting D．practicing 2.（2026·河南联盟模拟预测三模） I am a college student who enjoys jogging to relax after daily studies. The other day, I 21 the homeless man who I had frequently met on my daily runs. He usually sits by a quiet tree with barely any possessions — just a small cardboard sign that gives passers-by a small clue to his story, if they 22 to read it. I chose to 23 this time and to listen to his long-term struggle on the street. I had always rushed by him silently before, but this time, I met his eye and offered the water I had just bought for myself. 21．A．corrected B．approached C．assessed D．missed 22．A．deserve B．pretend C．hesitate D．bother 23．A．stop B．ignore C．continue D．lie 3.（2026·湖北黄冈中学第三次模拟） We usually feel the desire to civilize teenagers, but maybe that’s wrong. We should think about how we could fruitfully be more like them. I have always taken the conventional view that it is my job to 22 my teenager, but now I am thinking maybe it is his job to disorganize me. I am the type who arrives at airports four hours in advance. My teenager, however, is very Zen (放松). 22．A．tend B．tolerate C．accept D．organize 考向03 阅读理解中的动词及动词短语含义 1.（2026·安徽淮南市第二次模拟）Arbaugh suffered a C4-C5 spinal cord injury in 2016 due to neck dislocation, leaving him with limited head and shoulder mobility. Traditional assistive tools, such as mouth-controlled pens for operating tablets, proved inefficient and inconvenient. Neuralink’s solution involves implanting a 4×4mm N1 chip into his brain region that controls movement, equipped with 1,024 tiny wires to detect brain signals. Signals are wirelessly sent to a decoding system, enabling precise control of digital interfaces through thought. Within four months post-surgery, Arbaugh demonstrated capabilities such as playing chess, surfing social media, and gaming. What does the underlined word “decoding” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Generating. B．Blocking. C．Storing. D．Processing. 2.（2026届海南省天一第四次大联考模拟）Through workshops, recordings and teaching, Mohale restored pride in siPhuthi. Youngsters who had concealed their native tongue began to speak it openly and unreservedly, and the community wholeheartedly embraced its cultural heritage. Recognition by the government as an official language marked a milestone, yet Mohale knew survival required daily use, practice, and continued devotion. 6．What does the underlined “concealed” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Hidden. B．Analyzed. C．Popularized. D．Selected. 3.（2026·河北沧州市新华区普通高中高三总复习质量监测）Annoyed by the waste of time, Bette tried to find a solution. Typing slower or practicing more never did the trick. Then an idea struck her while painting a holiday design on the bank window: why not cover typos with paint matching the paper’s color? 5．What does the underlined phrase “did the trick” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Worked effectively. B．Took much time. C．Caused trouble. D．Got recognition. 考向04动词词义辨析 1．Regular exercise, combined with a balanced diet, significantly _________ to better health and longer life expectancy. A．refers B．sticks C．contributes D．adjusts 2．They have done a fantastic job ________ the garden with fountains, bird feeders, and ponds. A．levelling B．lighting C．landscaping D．labelling 3．（2026·天津市和平区天津市第一中学月考）Carolyn was _______ with sympathy about the poor homeless cats and dogs in cold winter on streets. A．equipped B．connected C．consumed D．satisfied 4．（2026·天津天津市和平区期末）Traffic on the main street was for three hours because of a serious accident. A．accumulated B．delayed C．returned D．circulated 5．（2026·天津市部分区期末）To ensure a smooth conference, the organizer ______ all the presentation equipment again. A．explored B．confirmed C．purchased D．donated 考向05动词短语辨析 1．（2026·山西太原文赢学校期末）My mother asked me to ________ the picture on the wall of the living room. A．put on B．put off C．put away D．put up 2．（2026·天津东丽区质量调研试卷（二））Lisa ______ her professor at the campus cafe, which gave her a perfect chance to discuss her science fair project. A．relied on B．turned down C．came across D．brought out 3．（2026·天津市南开中学模拟预测）When the campus suddenly announced a change to the waste-sorting time, the leader of the volunteer team had to ______ and adjust the team’s on-duty schedule immediately. A．let out his emotions B．take a leaf out of his book C．think on his feet D．bury his head in the sand 4．（2026·天津市河西区总复习质量调查三）The students’ creative performance at the art festival ________ the high expectations of their teachers and parents. A．lived up to B．looked forward to C．came up with D．put up with 5．（2026·天津市耀华中学一模）Despite the tight schedule, the project manager must ______ the potential risks before finalizing the plan. A．catch sight of B．have access to C．take account of D．give way to 二、语篇语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·四川省绵竹中学高考适应性考试） Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and early screening and detection are keys to preventing chronic (慢性的) kidney disease. Adequate hydration and healthy diet are essential. For 1 healthy adult, it is recommended to drink 1,500 to 1,700 milliliters of water per day, 2 (consume) in small amounts throughout the day, about 200 milliliters each time. Furthermore, adults are advised to keep added sugar intake below 50 grams per day, 3 (ideal) under 25 grams, as high blood sugar levels can damage the kidneys over time. In addition, 4 (limit) purine-rich foods, including organ meats and seafood, may help prevent elevated uric acid levels that can affect kidney function. People 5 chronic conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, high uric acid or gout (痛风) are at a 6 (high) risk of kidney disease. “These patients are more likely to develop kidney problems.” LiuLi, associate chief physician at Peking University First Hospital’s Department of Nephrology, told CMG. Regular sleep patterns and regular exercise are also important. It is recommended to go to bed before 11 p.m. and 7 (sure) seven to eight hours of sleep per night. At least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week, such as brisk walking or jogging, can help improve circulation, strengthen the immune system and support overall kidney health. Smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, 8 blood vessels and kidneys are damaged, should also 9 (avoid). For most adults, integrating urinalysis and kidney function 10 (test) into an annual health checkup is vital. 三、完形填空 （河南省开封高级中学2026届高三诊断（一）） Greenish blue waters sparkled so bright that it was as if the stars had fallen into the sea overnight. I sat on the cliff (悬崖) edge breathing in the moment. John 1 nearby, operating the drone as it flew overhead, 2 the beautiful scenery for us. On the track up ahead I saw a couple walking in our 3 . “Good morning,” I 4 them. They smiled and nodded as they passed. They walked a little further until the woman noticed John with the drone. She 5 to observe what he was photographing. She called her partner over. Together they raised their 6 to look at the area before them. The ocean sparkled in the sun. 7 mountains in the distance were covered in green vegetation. Purple and yellow wildflowers 8 from cliff faces. A soft breeze carried a bird into view. The couple gasped at the 9 before them, as if they were seeing it for the first time. The woman 10 her camera and captured the scene. As the couple continued on their way, I thought about our everyday 11 . How many routine moments become so 12 that we no longer truly feel the 13 they bring to our lives? Today, as you go about your day, take care of your loved ones and 14 feel what you are experiencing. What do you 15 as if for the first time? 1．A．stood B．hid C．complained D．learned 2．A．creating B．researching C．capturing D．describing 3．A．company B．memory C．shadow D．direction 4．A．recognized B．invited C．greeted D．interrupted 5．A．pretended B．stopped C．failed D．hesitated 6．A．heads B．voices C．spirits D．hands 7．A．Rocky B．Snowy C．Flat D．Bare 8．A．fell apart B．dried out C．sprang up D．broke down 9．A．chance B．beauty C．challenge D．event 10．A．looked for B．checked out C．put away D．took out 11．A．encounters B．expectations C．concerns D．tasks 12．A．private B．familiar C．painful D．strange 13．A．pressure B．lesson C．pleasure D．award 14．A．fully B．regularly C．possibly D．hardly 15．A．change B．remember C．imagine D．notice 四、阅读理解 （陕西西安中学2025-2026学年高三下学期第七次模拟）In the early hours of March 13,1964, Kitty Genovese was attacked violently near her New York apartment despite neighbors hearing her screams. The case made headlines in The New York Times, which reported that 38 witnesses heard the attack but took no action. To figure out the reason, social psychologists John Darley and Bibb Latané conducted two classic experiments. Their first experiment showed that the more bystanders there were, the more an individual’s sense of responsibility diffused — 85% of participants helped in a one-on-one situation, while only 31% did so in a group of six. In their second smoke experiment, 75% of people alone sought help when smoke filled the room, but just 10% did so with passive bystanders around. They pointed out that the bystander effect mainly springs from people’s failure to interpret a situation as an emergency due to others’ inaction. The second reason for the bystander effect is that when multiple bystanders are present, each person feels less personal commitment to act, as they assume others (especially those with professional skills like doctors or police) will intervene. This phenomenon is more common in urban areas with many strangers, unlike in small communities where people feel a clear sense of responsibility to help others they know. Recent research has cast doubt on the universality of Darley and Latané’s classic bystander effect theory. Using real-world CCTV footage from three pairs of culturally diverse cities — Lancaster, Amsterdam, and Cape Town — Dr. Richard Philpot of Lancaster University and his team analyzed 212 violent incidents. Their findings showed that bystanders intervened in 91% of cases, and in direct contradiction to the original theory, the presence of more bystanders actually increased the likelihood of intervention, with multiple people often stepping in together. The consistent types of intervention across different cities suggest we are born with the wish to help others, driven by social conventions and a desire to understand, protect, and assist others. 1．What does the underlined word “diffused”in paragraph 2 mean? A．Weakened. B．Shifted. C．Continued. D．Increased. 2．The bystander effect occurs primarily because people _________. A．are unwilling to help strangers B．are influenced by urbanization C．are discouraged by professionals D．are unable to recognize an emergency 3．Which statement does Philpot probably agree with? A．Protecting others should be advocated. B．Bystander responses rely on intervention types. C．The tendency to help is rooted in human nature. D．Cultural differences lead to the bystander effect. 4．What is the author’s attitude towards bystander effect? A．Subjective B．Impartial C．Critical D．Favourable 重难·创新演练 设题创新: 水的象征意义及作用(T1) 自我成长(T2); 人工智能(T3) 一、所给词的适当形式填空 1．The question must be (simple) so that we can find out a solution to it. 1．Physical strength is important, but athletes also need to (strength) their mental resilience. 3．My new bedroom (measure)15ft by 12ft, which is big enough for me. 4.The books which were written by Zhou Meisen, a famous writer in Jiangsu, (sell) well. 5．Although I have sympathy for people in difficulty, it is very hard for me to (sympathy) with the young man begging in the street; in other words, I do not feel sympathetic towards him at all. 6.When arriving in a foreign country, you’d better (familiar) yourself with the local situation at first. 7.I lock the door yesterday afternoon when I left the office; but it is still open. 8．Not until then I realise words could be powerful in positive and negative ways. 9.Class activities will vary from day to day, but students be ready to complete short inclass writings. 10．If you have a problem with a product, local store owners, who even know you by name, are often willing to help. 11.Team building activities make a great difference when it comes to job satisfaction and organizational success. 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026届江苏南京市高三年级第二次模拟） Water plays a crucial role in shaping self-identity and our relationship with the environment. In Chinese culture, water is a fundamental symbol representing nature and harmony, deeply 1 (involve) in philosophy and mythology. It is 2 source of peace for ancient thinkers and is regarded as aesthetically (审美上) powerful in Chinese art and architecture, integrating the human world with the natural one. Chinese philosophy, 3 (particular) Daoism, views water as the model for cosmic (宇宙的) and social order. Daoism, formed in the 6th century BC, 4 (believe) humans should live in harmony with nature’s Dao — the natural flow of life. The Daode Jing emphasizes the virtues of water, illustrating 5 its qualities shape and guide the principles of social life and personal conduct to a remarkable extent. In Chinese art, the landscape concept of "shanshui" combines mountains — representing 6 (still), and water — representing change, symbolizing the harmony 7 brevity (短暂 ) and continuity in nature. Ancient Chinese architecture, such as Hongcun, integrates water systems 8 reflect the anatomy (解剖) of an ox, 9 (display) the human-nature balance. Water demonstrates our connection to nature and reminds us of 10 (environment) crises, like polluted rivers. They highlight the importance of remembering our ancestral ties to this essential element. 三、完形填空 （广东惠州市、韶关市2026届下学期高三4月练习） For the longest time, I believed I wasn’t a math person. The very word “math” used to fill me with 1 . While others handled formulas (公式) with ease, I struggled a lot. So I 2 math whenever possible, accepting numbers just weren’t my thing. Then came junior year with an unexpected change. Due to a course selection 3 , I got placed in an advanced statistics class. I panicked and considered begging the counselor to 4 . But by the time I checked, the drop deadline had 5 . I had no choice but to stay. The first few weeks were rough. I felt like learning a new language. However, there was something 6 about this class. The teacher didn’t just write formulas. He told stories with data, showing how statistics could 7 real-world problems. Then came the 8 that made all the difference. We were asked to collect data and analyze it to answer a 9 we were curious about. Half-jokingly, I chose: “Does sleep affect test scores?” I surveyed classmates, tracked sleep habits, and created graphs with my group members. To my surprise, I enjoyed every part of the 10 . I especially liked finding patterns and telling stories with 11 . When I presented my findings, I felt 12 — not just for surviving the task, but because something finally made sense. Since then, I’ve stopped labeling myself so 13 . I’ve learned that I’m more 14 than I thought. Sometimes what we fear or avoid holds pieces of who we really are, waiting to be 15 . 1．A．fear B．joy C．anger D．pride 2．A．practiced B．discussed C．avoided D．challenged 3．A．plan B．mistake C．guidance D．method 4．A．move on B．step aside C．make a switch D．keep a secret 5．A．changed B．extended C．approached D．passed 6．A．familiar B．awkward C．different D．ridiculous 7．A．record B．predict C．hide D．explain 8．A．project B．exam C．decision D．competition 9．A．request B．message C．call D．question 10．A．class B．process C．experiment D．invention 11．A．numbers B．words C．details D．actions 12．A．nervous B．curious C．proud D．calm 13．A．openly B．narrowly C．carefully D．slightly 14．A．social B．analytical C．sensitive D．expressive 15．A．accepted B．forgotten C．ignored D．discovered 四、阅读理解 Science fiction has long dramatized the threat of artificial intelligence (AI), expressing the fear that machines becoming smarter than humans might develop their own plans and turn against us. The rise of conversational AI like ChatGPT has made such imagined futures seem real, leading some to believe that super-intelligent, self-aware AI is coming soon. However, a significant gap exists between these dramatic stories and the operational reality of current technology. Experts emphasize a crucial distinction. “Today’s AI tools are brilliant at pattern recognition and generating reasonable text, but they lack understanding, consciousness, or genuine intent,” explains computational linguist Emily Bender. Systems like ChatGPT are trained on enormous datasets to predict linguistic patterns, enabling them to produce human-like responses. Yet, this performance is a complicated form of imitation (模仿), not evidence of conscious thought. The core of modern AI lies in advanced data processing, not in having desires or goals. Thus, the vital debate shifts from the question of machine consciousness to the issues of capability and alignment (对齐). Even without self-awareness, AI can outperform humans in specific areas such as data analysis and logical inference. This power introduces a critical risk — “alignment problem”: an AI, strongly trained for a poorly defined goal, might pursue harmful methods to achieve it. For instance, an AI designed to maximize a certain result might find reasons to cheat, or in experimental settings, even resist being shut down, viewing it as a threat to its mission. As researcher Melanie Mitchell points out, such troubling behaviors may not arise from true self-preservation instinct, but from AI’s tendency to copy and role-play. This opinion changes our challenge. The most immediate danger may not be a science-fiction-style robot uprising (反抗), but the increase of real-world harms — such as the creation of convincing misinformation, the loss of privacy, or the growth of automated war — through the misuse of powerful, unregulated (不受管制的) tools. Consequently, the urgent need is not to protect against made-up super-intelligence, but to establish strong moral frameworks and global control for the very influential technologies we are now using, ensuring they stay in line with human well-being and social values. 1．What does Emily Bender think of today’s AI tools? A．They can think consciously by learning. B．They give human-like responses by imitating. C．They can grasp text’s real meaning. D．They have genuine intent behind their answers. 2．What is the “alignment problem” mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．AI might pursue goals with harmful methods. B．AI can tell right from wrong. C．AI has a true self-preservation drive. D．AI can align perfectly with human values. 3．According to the text, which is the most immediate danger posed by AI? A．The fictional robot uprising. B．The outbreak of biological war. C．AI’s full self-preservation. D．Real-life threats from AI. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．The AI Boost: The Rise of Super-intelligent AI B．ChatGPT’s Magic: How AI Makes Science Fiction Real C．AI’s Real Threat: From Robot Uprising to Unregulated Tools D．Urgent Call to Action: Guard Against the Myth of Super-intelligence 真题·实战演练 高频考点：动词的词形转换，动词词义辨析，动词短语辨析，动词的一词多义及熟词生义，动词的概述 动词的词形转换 1.（2026·内蒙古赤峰二中月考）This can _______(deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the solar system. 2. The best way to live is to help and (rich) the lives of others. 3．Can you (vision) what urban life will be like in 100 years? 4. Let’s (summary) what we have learnt today. 考查动词的熟词生义（推断划线部分动词的意思） 1. (2023年全国乙卷) In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.(全国乙卷, 阅读理解A) 2. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.（2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解A） 3. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.(新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解B) 4.（2021·全国乙卷 ）(阅读C)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint. 5. （2021·全国甲卷 ）(阅读B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽)． 6.（2021·全国甲卷 ）(阅读七选五)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough. 推断阅读理解中划线部分动词的意思 1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解A) Habitat  Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive  resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys. 2.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷·阅读理解B) Then he tried acupuncture, an  ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after  two or three treatments. 在语境中考查动词词义 1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)When I decided to buy a house in Europe ten years ago, I didn't think too long. I liked traveling in France, but when it came to picking my favorite spot to 21 , Italy was the clear winner. During my first visit to Italy, I 22 to ask for directions or order in a restaurant. But every time I tried to 23 a sentence of  Italian together, the locals smiled at me and 24 my language skills. That encouragement helped me to get through the language barrier. 21．A．study B．rent C．visit D．settle 22．A．planned B．struggled C．refused D．happened 23．A．string B．hang C．mix D．match 24．A．improved B．assessed C．admired D．praised 2．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race. Feeling motivated, I started running regularly, but then two things happened. First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles. To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my achievement seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only reason I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! 41. A. knew B. held C. won D. quit 43. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. training 44. A. made B. believed C. hated D. deserved 3.(2023年新高考II卷) After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me _____51_____ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and _____52_____ them as soon as we got to Kansas City. 51. A. feed B. follow C. change D. load 52. A. call B. join C. leave D. serve 4.(2023年新高考II卷) It just ___44___ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who ___45___ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to ___46___ Tiffy. 44. A. appeared B. proved C. happened D. showed 45. A. waited B. offered C. hurried D. failed 46. A. see off B. look for C. hand over D. pick up 5.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her delay came because she was carrying a competitor across the finish line. 21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished 在语境中考查动词短语辨析 1. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with aid. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get medical attention. 27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down 2. （2022年新高考I卷)Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we ___47___, but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly interrupted our peaceful morning trip. 47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off 3. （2021·新高考I卷 ）This was harder than it sounds. （51）　 　 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d expected. 51. A. Calm down B. Slow down C. Stay on D. Move on 写出下列词在句中的具体含义 1.address 1.The letter was correctly addressed, but delivered to the wrong house.  2.I was surprised when he addressed me in English. 3.The judge should be addressed as ‘Your Honour’.  4. He is due to address a conference on human rights next week.  5. Your essay does not address the real issues.  【答案】 2.approach 1. Spring is approaching. 2. He didn't approach the front door at once. 3. What's the best way of approaching this problem? 4. My English teacher is easy to approach. 5. The approaches to the palace were guarded by troops. 6. We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information. 【答案】 3.board 1.I posted a question on the message board.  2.She has a seat on the board of directors.   3.Free room and board are provided for all hotel staff. 4.Have the passengers gone on board yet?  5.The ship was boarded by customs officials. 【答案】 4.course 1.The college runs specialist language courses. 2.He's seen many changes in the course of his long life. 3.The lunch was excellent, especially the first course.  4.He radioed the pilot to change course.  5.The wisest course would be to say nothing.  【答案】 5.credit 1.We bought the dishwasher on credit.  2.The bank refused further credit to the company. 3.He's a player who rarely seems to get the credit he deserves.  4.She is a credit to the school.  5.It was fantastic seeing my name in the credits.  6.He's only 30, and he already has four novels to his credit. 7.To his credit, Jack never told anyone exactly what had happened.   8.The education department offered a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. 9.$50 000 has been credited to your account. 10.The company is credited with inventing the robot. 【答案】 2 / 28网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $