第02讲 Unit 2 Great ideas（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新九年级英语新教材沪教版

第02讲 Unit 2 Great ideas （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 知识：掌握application、doubt等核心单词与fill...with...等短语、重点句型；熟练运用一般过去时、被动语态、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句，完成基础语法题。 2. 能力：读懂阿基米德、创意相关语篇，抓取信息；完成翻译、对话、写作及相关口语表达。 3. 素养：了解阿基米德的故事，体会探索精神，树立创新与解决问题的意识。 学习重点 1. 词汇短语：掌握创意、发明、问题解决相关的核心词汇及固定搭配，能正确拼写并在语境中运用； 2. 句型语法：掌握祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句、被动语态的核心结构与基础用法，能完成基础句式练习； 3. 阅读能力：能读懂「伟大创意」主题短文，掌握细节理解、主旨概括等基础阅读技巧； 4. 基础输出：能运用所学内容完成主题句子翻译、简单对话编写，搭建基础写作框架。 学习难点 1. 反意疑问句、被动语态的结构辨析与语境运用，尤其否定词开头的反意疑问句； 2. 长难句结构分析，以及多段落语篇的逻辑梳理、信息整合； 3. 围绕「伟大创意」主题完成连贯的口头 / 书面表达，保证语法准确、逻辑清晰； 4. 结合生活实际，用英语清晰表达自己的创意想法，实现语言与思维的结合。 1.What are the applications of Archimedes' principle in daily life？阿基米德原理在日常生活中有哪些应用？ 【详解】application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 应用；运用（可数名词，复数：applications） 搭配：the application of ... …… 的应用；practical applications 实际应用 【拓展】apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 应用；运用；申请 搭配：apply ... to ... 把…… 应用于…… apply for... 申请（职位、学校等） 例：We apply this rule to our study. 我们把这条规则运用到学习中。 【典例】— There are many ______ of this new technology around us. — Yeah, it makes our life more convenient. A. applications B. instructions C. decisions D. questions 【答案】A 【详解】application 多指技术、理论等的应用；instructions 意为说明、操作指南；decision 意为决定；question 意为问题。 句意：我们身边能看到这项新技术的诸多应用，它让我们的生活变得更便利。结合语境，只有 A 选项符合题意。 【即练 1】Many new ______ (application) appear in our daily life every year. 【即练 2】我们应该把这项技能运用到日常工作中。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. One day in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown.在古希腊锡拉库扎城，希罗国王曾委托一位王冠匠人为自己制作一顶精美的金色王冠。 【详解】①fancy adj. 精致的；绚丽的，可用来形容饰品、服饰、建筑等华丽精巧的事物。 例：She bought a fancy dress for the party. 她为派对买了一条精致的连衣裙。 【拓展】fancy 还可作动词，意为 “想象；想要”，常用 fancy doing sth. 想要 / 喜欢做某事。 例：I fancy a cup of hot tea now. 我现在想要一杯热茶。 【典例】The shop sells many ______ gifts for festivals. A. plain B. fancy C. cheap D. rough 【答案】B 【详解】句意为 “这家店售卖许多节日用的精美礼品”，fancy 表示精致绚丽的，符合语境；plain 朴素的、cheap 廉价的、rough 粗糙的均不合适，选 B。 【即练 1】Do you fancy ________ (visit) the museum this Sunday?（用词的正确形式填空） 【即练 2】他喜欢这家餐厅精致的装修。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 3. At first, he was very satisfied with it. 起初，他对结果非常满意。 【详解】satisfied adj. 满意的；满足的，固定搭配 be satisfied with sth./sb. 对某事/某人感到满意。 同义表达：be happy with/ be pleased with. 例：My parents are satisfied with my school report. 我的父母对我的成绩单很满意。 【拓展】satisfy v. 使满意；satisfaction n. 满意；satisfying adj. 令人满意的（修饰事物） 例：The satisfying result made everyone happy. 令人满意的结果让所有人都很开心。 【典例】Are you ______ your new school life? A. satisfied with B. strict with C. patient with D. careful with 【答案】A 【详解】be satisfied with 对…… 满意，符合句意 “你对你的新校园生活满意吗？”；be strict with 对…… 严格、be patient with 对…… 耐心、be careful with 小心对待，均不符。 【即练 1】She felt ______ (satisfy) with her final performance.（词形填空） 【即练 2】老师们对我们的课堂表现很满意。（翻译） __________________________________________________________________ 4. Later, however, he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown.然而,后来他开始怀疑这是否真是一顶金冠。 【详解】doubt 作动词，意为怀疑；不信任。用法如下： ①肯定句：doubt 后接宾语从句，从句常用whether / if（是否）引导，二者可互换； 例：I doubt whether he will come on time. 我怀疑他能否准时到来。 ②否定句：常用 that引导从句。 例：I don't doubt that you are right. 我毫不怀疑你是对的。 【拓展】 ①doubt可作名词，意为怀疑；疑问. 常见用法： without doubt 毫无疑问（常考短语） There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问…… ②doubtful /ˈdaʊtfl/ adj. 怀疑的；不确定的；难以预料的 常用搭配：be doubtful about/of sth. 对某事心存疑虑 用法：可作表语、定语；常用句型 It is doubtful whether...（…… 是否…… 还不确定） 例句：The result is still doubtful.结果尚且未定。 【典例】I doubt ______ she can finish the work alone. A. that B. whether C. what D. how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我怀疑她能否独自完成这项工作。that 无实义；whether 是否；what 什么；how 如何。本句为肯定句，doubt 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，用 whether 引导，故选 B。 【即练 1】I don't doubt ______ he is an honest boy. A. if B. whether C. that D. when 【即练 2】毫无疑问，这是一个好方法。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 5. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. 阿基米德在往浴缸里注水时，仍在思考这个问题。 【详解】①句型结构分析：本句用 as引导时间状语从句，强调主从句动作同步发生，主句为过去进行时，从句为一般过去时。 ②fill ... with ...：用…… 装满……（主动语态） 用法：fill + 容器 + with + 装入的物品 例：She filled the cup with tea. 她往杯子里倒满了茶。 【拓展】同义结构 be filled with = be full of（充满……，表状态） 例：The room is filled with books. = The room is full of books. 房间里摆满了书。 【典例1】The girl ______ pictures ______ she listened to music. A. drew; as B. was drawing; as C. is drawing; when D. draws; while 【答案】B 【详解】as 引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时进行；从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去进行时，故选 B。 【典例2】The bottle ______ milk. A. fills with B. is filled with C. full of D. is full with 【答案】B 【详解】fill ... with ... 为主动结构，主语通常是人；be filled with 和 be full of 表示 “充满……”，描述事物状态。C 选项缺少 be 动词，D 选项搭配错误，结合句意 “这个瓶子里装满了牛奶”，故选 B。 【即练 1】Please fill the glass ______ water.（单句语法填空题） 【即练 2】同义句转换 The room is filled with laughter and cheers. =____________________________________________________ 6.Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king.阿基米德直接前往宫殿见国王。 【详解】①go straight to + 地点：径直前往某地；(注意副词home，here，there前不加介词to。) ②to see the king 是动词不定式作目的状语，表动作的目的。 例：He went straight home to do his homework. 他直接回家写作业。 【典例】She went straight ______ to get her bag. A. to home B. home C. at home D. in home 【答案】B 【详解】home 在此处作地点副词，地点副词（home/here/there）前面不能加介词 to，因此排除 A；at home 意为 “在家”，侧重状态，不符合本句 “径直走回家” 的动作语境；in home 为错误搭配。结合句意 “她径直回家拿包”，本题选 B。 【即练1】My mother went straight ______ the kitchen to cook dinner.(填空) 【即练2】他径直走向图书馆看书。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________________________ 6. The crown maker fooled me, didn't he? 那位王冠制造商确实骗了我，对吧？ 【详解】①本句为反意疑问句，遵循 “前肯后否，前否后肯” 原则；主句谓语为实义动词过去式fooled且是肯定句，附加疑问部分用didn't + 主语。 例：You liked the story, didn't you? 你喜欢这个故事，不是吗？ ②fool v. 欺骗，愚弄；n. 傻瓜 → foolish adj.愚蠢的, 鲁莽 【拓展】 ①fool sb. 欺骗 / 愚弄某人 ； 例：Don't fool me. 别骗我。 ② fool sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 例：She fooled me into believing her words. 她骗我相信了她的话。 ③make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人；捉弄某人 例：Don't make a fool of him in public.不要当众捉弄他。 【典例】They fooled the old man, ______? A. did they B. didn't they C. do they D. don't they 【答案】B 【详解】主句为一般过去时的肯定句，根据反意疑问句 “前肯后否” 规则，疑问部分用 didn't they，故选 B。 【即练 1】It's ______ (fool) of you to believe him.（语法填空） 【即练 2】She fooled us yesterday, ______ ______?（完成反意疑问句） 7. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I know it's definitely not completely made of gold.” 这顶王冠所置换出的水量比同等重量的黄金还要多，因此我确信它肯定并非完全由黄金制成。 【详解】 ① displace /dɪsˈpleɪs/ v. 排出（液体）；取代，置换 变形：过去式/过去分词 displaced，现在分词 displacing 例：The stone displaced some water in the bowl. 这块石头排开了碗里的一些水。 ② more ... than ... 比较级结构，意为 “比…… 更……”，用于两者比较。 ③ of the same weight 同等重量的，作后置定语。 ④ be made of 由…… 制成（可直接看出原材料）。 ⑤ definitely adv. 无疑地；肯定地 【典例】When the metal is put into water, it will ______ some water. A. displace B. make C. take D. get 【答案】A 【详解】句意：把这块金属放入水中时，它会排开一部分水。displace 表示 “排开（液体）”，符合语境，其余选项词义不符，故选 A。 【即练 1】用 of/from/in/by 填空 ①The desk is made ______ wood. ②The paper is made ______ wood. ③This kind of paper is made ______ a paper factory. ④The wooden desk is made ______ the woodcutter（伐木工）. 【即练 2】同等重量的木块排开的水更多。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 8.He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 随后，他将那位王冠匠人送入监狱，并对阿基米德的巧妙发现表示赞赏。 【详解】① send sb. to prison 把某人关进监狱→ be sent to prison(被动) 例：The police sent the thief to prison. 警察把小偷关进了监狱。 ② praise sb. for sth. 因某事 / 某物称赞某人 例：We praise her for her honesty. 我们称赞她为人诚实。 【典例1】Everyone praised him ______ his great courage. A. to B. for C. with D. at 【答案】B 【详解】固定搭配 praise sb. for sth. 意为 “因某事称赞某人”，结合句意选 B。 【典例2】The man ______ to prison because of stealing. A. sent B. was sent C. sends D. is send 【答案】B 【详解】主语 the man 与 send 为被动关系，需用被动语态；动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动 was/were + 过去分词，故选 B。 【即练 1】他因为欺骗老人被关进了监狱。（翻译句子） ___________________________________________________________________________ 【即练 2】老师因他的努力学习表扬了他。（翻译句子） _________________________________________________________________ 9.How did he prove his theory? 他是如何证明自己的理论的？ 【详解】prove /pruːv/v. 证明；证实；表明 ①作及物动词，表 “证明、佐证”，日常及考试中多用主动语态；正式法律、学术文本可使用被动语态，应试场景极少考查。 例：He proved his theory with lots of experiments.他通过大量实验证明了自己的理论。 ②作系动词，构成 prove (to be) + 形容词/名词 结构时，本身表被动含义，无被动形式，为高频易错点。 例：The suggestion proved (to be) helpful.这个建议被证明很有帮助。 【拓展】常用搭配 ①prove sth. 证明某事 例：Can you prove your words? 你能证明你说的话吗？ ②prove + (that) 从句 证明…… 例：He proved that he was right. 他证明自己是对的。 ③prove (to be) + 形容词/名词 结果是；被发现是 例：The plan proved (to be) useful. 这个方案结果很有用。 【典例】Scientists ________ that this kind of plant can grow well in dry areas. They did many experiments (实验) for two years. A．prove B．have proved C．will prove D．Proved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：科学家们已经证实这种植物能在干旱地区良好生长，他们为此做了两年实验。 后句 “did many experiments for two years” 强调动作从过去开始、持续到现在并产生结果，要用现在完成时 (have/has + 过去分词)。主语 Scientists 为复数，助动词用 have，prove 的过去分词为 proved，故选 B。 【即练 1】用所给词适当形式填空 This story ________ (prove) to be very popular among students last year. 【即练 2】这项实验证明他的想法是正确的。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________________________ 10. I can hardly believe it.我简直不敢相信。 【详解】hardly /ˈhɑːdli/adv. 几乎不；简直不（表否定含义，本身含否定意义） 辨析：hard（adj. 困难的；adv. 努力地） hardly（几乎不） 【典例】He works very ______, so he ______ has time to play. A. hard; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hardly; hardly 【答案】A 【详解】第一空 study/work hard 为固定搭配，意为 “努力工作”；第二空根据句意 “几乎没有时间玩耍”，用表否定的 hardly，故选 A。 【即练 1】用 hard /hardly 填空 ①My brother studies very ______ every day. ②It is so noisy that I can ______ hear you. 【即练 2】他们工作很努力，却几乎没有休息时间。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________________________ 11.It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi's famous sayings use nature to get the message across: “The highest good is like water.因此，老子诸多名言都借助自然来传达其思想精髓，这不足为奇：“至善如水。” 【详解】 ①核心句型：本句采用It is + 形容词 + that 从句结构，其中 it 为形式主语，真正主语为后方 that 引导的主语从句，该句式可有效避免句子结构头重脚轻。It is not surprising that… 译为 “…… 不足为奇”，是高频常用句型。 ②get the message across 为固定搭配，意为 “传达思想、阐明含义”。 ③the highest good 对应传统文化概念，译作 “至善”。 【典例】It is surprising ______ she knows so much about history. A. what B. that C. if D. when 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查 It is + 形容词 + that 从句 固定句型。that 在此引导主语从句，仅作连接成分，无实际词义，其余引导词均不符合句式及语境要求，故选 B。 【即练 1】______ obvious that he will win the game. A. That is B. It is C. This is D. He is 【即练 2】Speak loudly, so that you can ______ your meaning ______. A. get; across B. get; on C. get; off D. get; up 12. The idea is that we,as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. 这一理念是：身为人类，我们应当过简朴、平和且张弛有度的生活，认清并恪守自身在自然界中的位置。 【详解】①句式分析：本句为主系表结构，that 引导表语从句，解释主语 The idea 的具体内容；句末 respecting our place in nature 为现在分词短语，在从句中作伴随状语。 ② balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的；和谐的。本句中修饰 life，指生活状态安稳协调、张弛有度。 【拓展】词根：balance /ˈbæləns/n. 平衡；均衡v. （使）平衡；权衡 【常用搭配】live a balanced life 均衡的生活 keep a balanced diet 均衡饮食 keep balance 保持平衡 lose balance 失去平衡 【典例】We should have a ______ diet to stay healthy. A. balance B. balanced C. balancing D. balances 【答案】B 【详解】空格处修饰名词 diet，需使用形容词作定语。balanced 为形容词，意为 “均衡的”；balance 可作名词或动词，balancing 多为动名词形式，均不可直接修饰名词，故选 B。 【即练 1】Be careful! Don't ______ your balance on the wet floor. A. lose B. keep C. take D. hold 【即练 2】用所给词适当形式填空 It is important for us to develop a ______ (balance) living habit. 二、单元语法重点 1．—________ is the black jacket? —It’s 88 yuan. A．How many B．How much C．How old D．How about 2．She ________ to the party last night because she was ill. A．didn’t come B．doesn’t come C．won’t come D．isn’t coming 3．She hardly knew anything about the local wedding custom, ________? A．did she B．didn’t she C．does she D．doesn’t she 4．—Is being honest easy ________ difficult for you? —It is easy. A．but B．so C．or D．and 5．________ run in the hallways. It’s dangerous. A．Not B．Don’t C．No D．Doesn’t 6．________ amazing story you’ve just told me! A．What an B．What a C．How an D．How a 7．________ interesting the documentary about Yuan Longping is! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 8．Boys and girls, ________ the school uniforms on school days. A．wear B．to wear C．wore D．wearing 三、单元话题写作指导（Writing an article about a great idea） 要求你写一篇关于「解决问题的伟大创意」的文章，需要包含4个核心要素： ①待解决的问题 ②想出创意的人 ③创意如何解决问题 ④这个创意对我们生活的影响 【写作指导】 Step 1：列提纲（对应课本的 graphic organizer） 开头（1 段）：引出话题，交代背景与问题 中间（2 段）：介绍人物 + 创意的产生过程 + 解决问题的细节 结尾（1 段）：总结创意的影响与意义，升华主题 Step 2：高频词汇、句型 分类 词汇 / 短语 例句 描述问题 face a problem / doubt / have no way to do People were troubled by heavy traffic. 人们饱受交通拥堵困扰。 Old lamps brought much inconvenience to people. 老式灯具给人们带来诸多不便。 描述创意 put forward an idea 提出想法 get inspiration from... 从…… 获得灵感 think differently 换位思考；创新思考 design sth. 设计某物 He got inspiration from daily life. 他从日常生活中获得灵感。 The engineers put forward a new plan. 工程师们提出了新方案。 描述解决过程 make efforts to do 努力做某事 carry out tests 开展测试 work out a plan 制定方案 deal with the trouble 处理难题 succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 They carried out many tests and finally succeeded. 他们做了多次测试，最终取得成功。 We worked out a good solution to the problem. 我们找到了绝佳的解决办法。 描述影响 improve people's life 改善人们的生活 cut down waste/loss 减少浪费 / 损失 bring convenience to sb. 为某人带来便利 benefit people greatly 使人们受益匪浅 set a good example 树立榜样 go far beyond time 经久不衰 Shared bikes bring great convenience to students. 共享单车为学生带来极大便利。 This invention improves our living environment greatly. 这项发明极大改善了我们的生活环境。 【写作范文一】 The Light Bulb: A Great Idea That Lit Up the World Before the light bulb was invented, people mainly used candles and oil lamps for light. These were dangerous, dim and short-lived. Thomas Edison, a famous American inventor, wanted to solve this problem. Edison spent years working on the light bulb. He tested over 1,000 different materials to find the right filament. Finally, he found that carbonized bamboo could burn for over 1,200 hours. In 1879, he successfully invented the practical incandescent light bulb. The light bulb completely changed people’s lives. It made work and study possible at night, improved safety in homes and factories, and paved the way for modern electric lighting. Even today, it remains one of the most important inventions in history. Great ideas like the light bulb come from hard work and never giving up. They make our world brighter and better. 【写作范文二】 A Useful Idea for Students Many students have trouble reviewing weak knowledge, and it takes much time to sort out wrong exercises by hand. Some developers came up with an idea and designed the mistake notebook app. With this app, we can take photos of wrong questions directly. It will classify exercises and remind us to review regularly. It saves us a lot of time on sorting papers. Now most of my classmates use this app. It helps us study more efficiently and make greater progress. This creative idea perfectly solves our learning problems and makes study easier. 一、单词拼写 1.His i______ of basic rules led to the failure of the experiment. 2.The a______ of this new method greatly improved our work efficiency. 3.She wore a f______ dress with beautiful patterns to the party. 4.My parents are s______ with my progress in the final exam. 5.The p______ married the princess in a grand ceremony. 6.The new system will d______ the old one by the end of this year. 7.Don't f______ others with lies; honesty is always the best policy. 8.The criminal was sentenced to ten years in p______. 9.The bird's nest is made of sticks and w______. 10.The scientists have p______ that this plant can grow in dry areas. 11.I can h______ believe my eyes when I saw the beautiful view. 12.We should keep a b______ diet to stay healthy. 13.He r______ the offer because he didn't like the working conditions. 14.He didn't study hard, and t______ failed the exam. 15.The chair is so f______ that it won't break easily. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.My mother is ______ (satisfy) with my daily performance at school. 2.The scientist ______ (prove) the truth two years ago. 3.Everyone needs to keep a ______ (balance) lifestyle to keep healthy. 4.It is not ______ (surprise) that he won the competition. 5.They ______ (hard) have time to relax because of busy work. 6.The new method has wide ______ (apply) in daily life. 7.The thief ______ (send) to prison for theft last year. 8.He ______ (fill) the box with books just now. 9.He hardly believes what you said, ______ ______? 10.Please ______ (not be) late next time. 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 In the third century, China was divided into three kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu. Among the three kingdoms, Shu was weaker than 1 . The head of Shu, Liu Bei, 2 worried about his kingdom. He heard that there was a very wise man named Zhuge Liang living in Longzhong in Hubei Province. Then he made a 3 to invite him to help him. In the year 207 AD, Liu Bei, together with 4 sworn brothers (拜把兄弟) Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, travelled to Longzhong, 5 , when they arrived, Zhuge Liang was not at home. They had to return, achieving hardly 6 . Later, they came to visit Zhuge Liang again, 7 again they didn’t see him. Zhuge Liang had been out 8 days and hadn’t come back yet. This time, Liu Bei left a note expressing his wish. Some days later, Liu wanted 9 a third visit. Guan and Zhang wanted to stop him, but they 10 . This time, Zhuge Liang was at home, but he was sleeping. Guan and Zhang 11 to stand at the door, while Liu Bei stood by the bed in person. 12 Zhuge Liang woke up and saw him, he was moved by Liu Bei’s sincerity (真诚) and agreed to help him. With the help of Zhuge Liang, Shu became larger and 13 . This is 14 story of “San Gu Mao Lu”. Later, people use it to describe people who invite someone in 15 sincerity and eagerness. 1．A．the other B．the others C．another D．other 2．A．felt B．sounded C．smelt D．tasted 3．A．decision B．decisions C．decide D．decides 4．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 5．A．Lucky B．Luck C．Unlucky D．Unluckily 6．A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 7．A．if B．but C．so D．or 8．A．among B．of C．in D．for 9．A．to making B．makes C．to make D．make 10．A．couldn’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．wouldn’t 11．A．are asked B．were asked C．ask D．will ask 12．A．Although B．Unless C．Before D．When 13．A．stronger B．strongly C．strongest D．the strongest 14．A．a B．the C．an D．/ 15．A．neither B．either C．all D．none 四、完形填空 Many years ago, there was a family named Franklin. They lived in Boston. There were five girls and six boys in the family. On a January day in 1706, another baby boy was born. The boy’s parents gave the boy a name—Benjamin. Benjamin was the 1 of all the children. He could read when he was five and he could write when he was seven. The next year his parents sent him to school. At school Benjamin was good at reading and writing, but not good at Maths. He read all of his father’s books. And when he had money, he always went to buy 2 , because they told him how to do something. The boy liked to use his head and tried to 3 ways to help people enjoy life more. For example, he tried to know if there were some ways to swim farther, maybe with something on his hands or 4 . Slowly a picture of swimming shoes grew in his 5 . They must be neither too big nor too small. And they must be neither too heavy nor too light. At last, he 6 the flippers for swimming. Electricity was one of the things Benjamin experimented with when he stopped working. He discovered that lightning and electricity were the same thing. The lightning rod (避雷针) was a(n) 7 invention that we still use today. It can 8 buildings and ships from lightning damage. Franklin preferred to have his inventions used 9 by everyone. He was not only an inventor, but also a writer, an educator, a politician and so on. He made great achievements in different areas. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of America, called Benjamin Franklin “the 10 man of the age and country in which he lived”. 1．A．cleverest B．strongest C．bravest D．quietest 2．A．candies B．gifts C．books D．toys 3．A．look out B．look for C．look after D．look up 4．A．head B．face C．arms D．feet 5．A．mind B．idea C．spirits D．attention 6．A．discovered B．invented C．achieved D．decided 7．A．horrible B．awful C．important D．natural 8．A．provide B．improve C．hide D．protect 9．A．freely B．quickly C．expensively D．separately 10．A．friendliest B．greatest C．busiest D．funniest 五、阅读理解 A Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius, whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2, 000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports. Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3, 000 students in his lifetime. Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose the good qualities and follow them.” He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.” Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said. 1．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because ________. A．he lived a poor life in his childhood B．he had wise thoughts and great views about education C．he traveled with his students from state to state D．he lived during the Spring and Autumn Period 2．Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports ________ as a child. A．by teaching himself at home B．with the help of his mother C．by going to school D．by visiting many famous teachers 3．The word “noble” in the text has the closest meaning to ________. A．poor B．bright C．rich D．cute 4．The correct order of the following statements is ________. ①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child. ②Confucius educated about 3, 000 students in his lifetime. ③Confucius’ father died. ④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history. A．③①④② B．②③④① C．①③②④ D．④③①② 5．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. B．No one has something worthy to be learned. C．All thinking but no study makes people lazy. D．A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others. B Lu Ban came up with the idea of the ruler when he was young. Benjamin Franklin invented swim flippers (蛙鞋) at the age of 12. And last year, the 6-year-old Kate Smith, published her invention for baby medical treatment. The stories of the young inventors remind people of children’s great creativity. Scientists agree that children are more creative than adults and they have the power to create and invent. Every invention starts with curiosity (好奇心) and a heart to explore. Children are naturally curious and have a spirit of discovery, which drives them to ask questions, explore problems, and try to solve them. Lily Peterson, at the age of 9, created the ice cream stick just because she wanted to hold the frozen cream. But the simple invention has transformed the way we eat ice cream, making it easier and more enjoyable for people of all ages. What’s more, children can learn quickly and like turning new knowledge into practice. They are not afraid to think differently and can challenge long-held ideas. They enjoy getting the sense of confidence and pride when they try out their ideas. It makes them take an active part in scientific experiments (实验) and create unexpected ideas. Children’s ability to create is really valuable. Adults should encourage them and provide them with chances to explore the world. By doing so, children can help to make the world around them better. 1．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 1? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By comparing ideas. 2．What does the underlined word “transform” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Prepare. B．Change. C．Discover. D．Study. 3．How do children feel when they try out their ideas? A．Happy. B．Surprised. C．Brave. D．Relaxed. 4．What is the structure (结构) of the passage? A．B．C． D． 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell stories about famous inventors. B．To explain children’s ability to invent. C．To recommend some children’s inventions. D．To give advice on how to develop creativity. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第02讲 Unit 2 Great ideas （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 知识：掌握application、doubt等核心单词与fill...with...等短语、重点句型；熟练运用一般过去时、被动语态、反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句，完成基础语法题。 2. 能力：读懂阿基米德、创意相关语篇，抓取信息；完成翻译、对话、写作及相关口语表达。 3. 素养：了解阿基米德的故事，体会探索精神，树立创新与解决问题的意识。 学习重点 1. 词汇短语：掌握创意、发明、问题解决相关的核心词汇及固定搭配，能正确拼写并在语境中运用； 2. 句型语法：掌握祈使句、感叹句、反意疑问句、被动语态的核心结构与基础用法，能完成基础句式练习； 3. 阅读能力：能读懂「伟大创意」主题短文，掌握细节理解、主旨概括等基础阅读技巧； 4. 基础输出：能运用所学内容完成主题句子翻译、简单对话编写，搭建基础写作框架。 学习难点 1. 反意疑问句、被动语态的结构辨析与语境运用，尤其否定词开头的反意疑问句； 2. 长难句结构分析，以及多段落语篇的逻辑梳理、信息整合； 3. 围绕「伟大创意」主题完成连贯的口头 / 书面表达，保证语法准确、逻辑清晰； 4. 结合生活实际，用英语清晰表达自己的创意想法，实现语言与思维的结合。 1.What are the applications of Archimedes' principle in daily life？阿基米德原理在日常生活中有哪些应用？ 【详解】application /ˌæplɪˈkeɪʃn/n. 应用；运用（可数名词，复数：applications） 搭配：the application of ... …… 的应用；practical applications 实际应用 【拓展】apply /əˈplaɪ/ v. 应用；运用；申请 搭配：apply ... to ... 把…… 应用于…… apply for... 申请（职位、学校等） 例：We apply this rule to our study. 我们把这条规则运用到学习中。 【典例】— There are many ______ of this new technology around us. — Yeah, it makes our life more convenient. A. applications B. instructions C. decisions D. questions 【答案】A 【详解】application 多指技术、理论等的应用；instructions 意为说明、操作指南；decision 意为决定；question 意为问题。 句意：我们身边能看到这项新技术的诸多应用，它让我们的生活变得更便利。结合语境，只有 A 选项符合题意。 【即练 1】Many new ______ (application) appear in our daily life every year. 【答案】applications 【详解】句意：每年，我们的日常生活中都会涌现出许多新的应用程序。many（许多）后接可数名词复数，故填 applications。 【即练 2】我们应该把这项技能运用到日常工作中。 _________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We should apply this skill to our daily work. 【详解】本题考查固定搭配 apply ... to ...，表示 “把…… 运用到……”；情态动词 should 后接动词原形，结合中文句意，故填写该答案。 2. One day in the ancient Greek city of Syracuse, King Hiero asked a crown maker to make him a fancy golden crown.在古希腊锡拉库扎城，希罗国王曾委托一位王冠匠人为自己制作一顶精美的金色王冠。 【详解】①fancy adj. 精致的；绚丽的，可用来形容饰品、服饰、建筑等华丽精巧的事物。 例：She bought a fancy dress for the party. 她为派对买了一条精致的连衣裙。 【拓展】fancy 还可作动词，意为 “想象；想要”，常用 fancy doing sth. 想要 / 喜欢做某事。 例：I fancy a cup of hot tea now. 我现在想要一杯热茶。 【典例】The shop sells many ______ gifts for festivals. A. plain B. fancy C. cheap D. rough 【答案】B 【详解】句意为 “这家店售卖许多节日用的精美礼品”，fancy 表示精致绚丽的，符合语境；plain 朴素的、cheap 廉价的、rough 粗糙的均不合适，选 B。 【即练 1】Do you fancy ________ (visit) the museum this Sunday?（用词的正确形式填空） 【答案】visiting 【详解】本题考查固定搭配 fancy doing sth.（想要 / 喜欢做某事），fancy 后必须接动名词形式，visit 的动名词为 visiting，故填 visiting。 【即练 2】他喜欢这家餐厅精致的装修。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He likes the fancy decoration of this restaurant. 【详解】本题考查形容词fancy，意为 “精致的”，修饰名词 decoration；结合中文句意翻译作答即可。 3. At first, he was very satisfied with it. 起初，他对结果非常满意。 【详解】satisfied adj. 满意的；满足的，固定搭配 be satisfied with sth./sb. 对某事/某人感到满意。 同义表达：be happy with/ be pleased with. 例：My parents are satisfied with my school report. 我的父母对我的成绩单很满意。 【拓展】satisfy v. 使满意；satisfaction n. 满意；satisfying adj. 令人满意的（修饰事物） 例：The satisfying result made everyone happy. 令人满意的结果让所有人都很开心。 【典例】Are you ______ your new school life? A. satisfied with B. strict with C. patient with D. careful with 【答案】A 【详解】be satisfied with 对…… 满意，符合句意 “你对你的新校园生活满意吗？”；be strict with 对…… 严格、be patient with 对…… 耐心、be careful with 小心对待，均不符。 【即练 1】She felt ______ (satisfy) with her final performance.（词形填空） 【答案】satisfied 【详解】be satisfied with 固定搭配，填 satisfied。 【即练 2】老师们对我们的课堂表现很满意。（翻译） 【答案】The teachers are satisfied with our class performance. 4. Later, however, he began to doubt whether it was a real golden crown.然而,后来他开始怀疑这是否真是一顶金冠。 【详解】doubt 作动词，意为怀疑；不信任。用法如下： ①肯定句：doubt 后接宾语从句，从句常用whether / if（是否）引导，二者可互换； 例：I doubt whether he will come on time. 我怀疑他能否准时到来。 ②否定句：常用 that引导从句。 例：I don't doubt that you are right. 我毫不怀疑你是对的。 【拓展】 ①doubt可作名词，意为怀疑；疑问. 常见用法： without doubt 毫无疑问（常考短语） There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问…… ②doubtful /ˈdaʊtfl/ adj. 怀疑的；不确定的；难以预料的 常用搭配：be doubtful about/of sth. 对某事心存疑虑 用法：可作表语、定语；常用句型 It is doubtful whether...（…… 是否…… 还不确定） 例句：The result is still doubtful.结果尚且未定。 【典例】I doubt ______ she can finish the work alone. A. that B. whether C. what D. how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我怀疑她能否独自完成这项工作。that 无实义；whether 是否；what 什么；how 如何。本句为肯定句，doubt 后接宾语从句表 “是否”，用 whether 引导，故选 B。 【即练 1】I don't doubt ______ he is an honest boy. A. if B. whether C. that D. when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我毫不怀疑他是一个诚实的男孩。 if/whether 是否；that 无实义；when 何时。本句为否定句，don't doubt 后宾语从句只能用 that 引导，故选 C。 【即练 2】毫无疑问，这是一个好方法。 ____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Without doubt, this is a good method. / There is no doubt that this is a good method. 【详解】句意：毫无疑问，这是一个好方法。 固定短语 without doubt 和经典句型 There is no doubt that... 均表示 “毫无疑问”，两种表达均可。 5. Archimedes was still thinking about this problem as he filled his bath with water. 阿基米德在往浴缸里注水时，仍在思考这个问题。 【详解】①句型结构分析：本句用 as引导时间状语从句，强调主从句动作同步发生，主句为过去进行时，从句为一般过去时。 ②fill ... with ...：用…… 装满……（主动语态） 用法：fill + 容器 + with + 装入的物品 例：She filled the cup with tea. 她往杯子里倒满了茶。 【拓展】同义结构 be filled with = be full of（充满……，表状态） 例：The room is filled with books. = The room is full of books. 房间里摆满了书。 【典例1】The girl ______ pictures ______ she listened to music. A. drew; as B. was drawing; as C. is drawing; when D. draws; while 【答案】B 【详解】as 引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时进行；从句为一般过去时，主句要用过去进行时，故选 B。 【典例2】The bottle ______ milk. A. fills with B. is filled with C. full of D. is full with 【答案】B 【详解】fill ... with ... 为主动结构，主语通常是人；be filled with 和 be full of 表示 “充满……”，描述事物状态。C 选项缺少 be 动词，D 选项搭配错误，结合句意 “这个瓶子里装满了牛奶”，故选 B。 【即练 1】Please fill the glass ______ water. 【答案】with 【详解】句意：请把杯子倒满水。固定搭配 fill ... with ... 表示 “用…… 装满……”；因此填 with。 【即练 2】同义句转换 The room is filled with laughter and cheers. =____________________________________________________ 【答案】The room is full of laughter and cheers. 【详解】句意：房间里充满欢声笑语。be filled with 与 be full of 同义，二者可互换，据此完成转换。 6.Archimedes went straight to the palace to see the king.阿基米德直接前往宫殿见国王。 【详解】①go straight to + 地点：径直前往某地；(注意副词home，here，there前不加介词to。) ②to see the king 是动词不定式作目的状语，表动作的目的。 例：He went straight home to do his homework. 他直接回家写作业。 【典例】She went straight ______ to get her bag. A. to home B. home C. at home D. in home 【答案】B 【详解】home 在此处作地点副词，地点副词（home/here/there）前面不能加介词 to，因此排除 A；at home 意为 “在家”，侧重状态，不符合本句 “径直走回家” 的动作语境；in home 为错误搭配。结合句意 “她径直回家拿包”，本题选 B。 【即练1】My mother went straight ______ the kitchen to cook dinner.(填空) 【答案】to 【详解】固定搭配 go straight to + 地点 表示 “径直前往某地”，故填 to。 【即练2】他径直走向图书馆看书。（翻译句子） __________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He went straight to the library to read books. 【详解】本题考查 go straight to + 地点 及动词不定式作目的状语，动作发生在过去，谓语动词用过去式。 6. The crown maker fooled me, didn't he? 那位王冠制造商确实骗了我，对吧？ 【详解】①本句为反意疑问句，遵循 “前肯后否，前否后肯” 原则；主句谓语为实义动词过去式fooled且是肯定句，附加疑问部分用didn't + 主语。 例：You liked the story, didn't you? 你喜欢这个故事，不是吗？ ②fool v. 欺骗，愚弄；n. 傻瓜 → foolish adj.愚蠢的, 鲁莽 【拓展】 ①fool sb. 欺骗 / 愚弄某人 ； 例：Don't fool me. 别骗我。 ② fool sb. into doing sth. 欺骗某人做某事 例：She fooled me into believing her words. 她骗我相信了她的话。 ③make a fool of sb. 愚弄某人；捉弄某人 例：Don't make a fool of him in public.不要当众捉弄他。 【典例】They fooled the old man, ______? A. did they B. didn't they C. do they D. don't they 【答案】B 【详解】主句为一般过去时的肯定句，根据反意疑问句 “前肯后否” 规则，疑问部分用 didn't they，故选 B。 【即练 1】It's ______ (fool) of you to believe him.（语法填空） 【答案】foolish 【详解】句意：你相信他真是太愚蠢了。本句为固定句型 It's + 形容词 + of sb. to do sth.，此处需要形容词；fool 为名词 / 动词，其形容词形式是 foolish（愚蠢的），故填 foolish。 【即练 2】She fooled us yesterday, ______ ______?（完成反意疑问句） 【答案】didn't she 【详解】主句为一般过去时肯定句，主语为 she，按照规则填 didn't she。 7. This crown displaced more water than gold of the same weight, so I know it's definitely not completely made of gold.” 这顶王冠所置换出的水量比同等重量的黄金还要多，因此我确信它肯定并非完全由黄金制成。 【详解】 ① displace /dɪsˈpleɪs/ v. 排出（液体）；取代，置换 变形：过去式/过去分词 displaced，现在分词 displacing 例：The stone displaced some water in the bowl. 这块石头排开了碗里的一些水。 ② more ... than ... 比较级结构，意为 “比…… 更……”，用于两者比较。 ③ of the same weight 同等重量的，作后置定语。 ④ be made of 由…… 制成（可直接看出原材料）。 ⑤ definitely adv. 无疑地；肯定地 【典例】When the metal is put into water, it will ______ some water. A. displace B. make C. take D. get 【答案】A 【详解】句意：把这块金属放入水中时，它会排开一部分水。displace 表示 “排开（液体）”，符合语境，其余选项词义不符，故选 A。 【即练 1】用 of/from/in/by 填空 ①The desk is made ______ wood. 【答案】of 【解析】be made of 表示 “由…… 制成”，强调成品能直接看出原材料，制作过程仅发生物理变化。桌子由木头制成，肉眼可直接看出木材，故用 of。 ②The paper is made ______ wood. 【答案】from 【解析】be made from 表示 “由…… 制成”，强调成品无法直接看出原材料，制作过程发生了化学变化。纸张由木材制成，但肉眼无法直接看出木材形态，故用 from。 ③This kind of paper is made ______ a paper factory. 【答案】in 【解析】be made in 表示 “在……（地点）生产 / 制造”，后接地点或场所。句中 “a paper factory（造纸厂）” 是生产地点，故用 in。 ④The wooden desk is made ______ the woodcutter（伐木工）. 【答案】by 【解析】be made by 表示 “由……（人）制作”，后接动作的执行者。句中 “the woodcutter（伐木工）” 是制作桌子的人，故用 by。 【即练 2】同等重量的木块排开的水更多。 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Wood of the same weight displaces more water. 【详解】考查短语 of the same weight 以及动词 displace 的用法，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 8.He then sent the crown maker to prison, and he praised Archimedes for his clever discovery. 随后，他将那位王冠匠人送入监狱，并对阿基米德的巧妙发现表示赞赏。 【详解】① send sb. to prison 把某人关进监狱→ be sent to prison(被动) 例：The police sent the thief to prison. 警察把小偷关进了监狱。 ② praise sb. for sth. 因某事 / 某物称赞某人 例：We praise her for her honesty. 我们称赞她为人诚实。 【典例1】Everyone praised him ______ his great courage. A. to B. for C. with D. at 【答案】B 【详解】固定搭配 praise sb. for sth. 意为 “因某事称赞某人”，结合句意选 B。 【典例2】The man ______ to prison because of stealing. A. sent B. was sent C. sends D. is send 【答案】B 【详解】主语 the man 与 send 为被动关系，需用被动语态；动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动 was/were + 过去分词，故选 B。 【即练 1】他因为欺骗老人被关进了监狱。（翻译句子） ___________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】He was sent to prison because of cheating the old man. 【详解】本题考查 be sent to prison（被关进监狱）被动结构；because of 后接名词 / 动名词短语，“欺骗老人” 译为 cheat the old man，此处用动名词形式 cheating the old man。 【即练 2】老师因他的努力学习表扬了他。（翻译句子） _________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The teacher praised him for his hard work. 【详解】考查固定搭配 praise sb. for sth.，结合句意翻译即可。 9.How did he prove his theory? 他是如何证明自己的理论的？ 【详解】prove /pruːv/v. 证明；证实；表明 ①作及物动词，表 “证明、佐证”，日常及考试中多用主动语态；正式法律、学术文本可使用被动语态，应试场景极少考查。 例：He proved his theory with lots of experiments.他通过大量实验证明了自己的理论。 ②作系动词，构成 prove (to be) + 形容词/名词 结构时，本身表被动含义，无被动形式，为高频易错点。 例：The suggestion proved (to be) helpful.这个建议被证明很有帮助。 【拓展】常用搭配 ①prove sth. 证明某事 例：Can you prove your words? 你能证明你说的话吗？ ②prove + (that) 从句 证明…… 例：He proved that he was right. 他证明自己是对的。 ③prove (to be) + 形容词/名词 结果是；被发现是 例：The plan proved (to be) useful. 这个方案结果很有用。 【典例】Scientists ________ that this kind of plant can grow well in dry areas. They did many experiments (实验) for two years. A．prove B．have proved C．will prove D．Proved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：科学家们已经证实这种植物能在干旱地区良好生长，他们为此做了两年实验。 后句 “did many experiments for two years” 强调动作从过去开始、持续到现在并产生结果，要用现在完成时 (have/has + 过去分词)。主语 Scientists 为复数，助动词用 have，prove 的过去分词为 proved，故选 B。 【即练 1】用所给词适当形式填空 This story ________ (prove) to be very popular among students last year. 【答案】proved 【详解】时间状语 last year（去年）为一般过去时标志，prove 的过去式为 proved，故填 proved。 句意：这个故事去年在学生中大受欢迎。 【即练 2】这项实验证明他的想法是正确的。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The experiment proved (that) his idea was right. 【详解】考查 prove 后接宾语从句的用法，主从句时态保持一致。 10. I can hardly believe it.我简直不敢相信。 【详解】hardly /ˈhɑːdli/adv. 几乎不；简直不（表否定含义，本身含否定意义） 辨析：hard（adj. 困难的；adv. 努力地） hardly（几乎不） 【典例】He works very ______, so he ______ has time to play. A. hard; hardly B. hardly; hard C. hard; hard D. hardly; hardly 【答案】A 【详解】第一空 study/work hard 为固定搭配，意为 “努力工作”；第二空根据句意 “几乎没有时间玩耍”，用表否定的 hardly，故选 A。 【即练 1】用 hard /hardly 填空 ①My brother studies very ______ every day. ②It is so noisy that I can ______ hear you. 【答案】①. hard ②. hardly 【详解】hard 作副词表示 “努力地”，study hard 为固定搭配，意为 “努力学习”；hardly 意为 “几乎不”，表否定含义，结合 “太吵了” 的语境，此处用 hardly。 【即练 2】他们工作很努力，却几乎没有休息时间。（翻译句子） _____________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】They work hard but they hardly have time to rest. 【详解】【详解】本题考查 hard 与 hardly 的词义辨析。副词 hard 表示 “努力地”，work hard 为固定搭配，意为 “努力工作”；hardly 属于否定副词，意为 “几乎不”，本身带有否定含义。句中前后分句为转折关系，用连词 but 衔接，结合句意即可完成翻译。 11.It is not surprising, therefore, that many of Laozi's famous sayings use nature to get the message across: “The highest good is like water.因此，老子诸多名言都借助自然来传达其思想精髓，这不足为奇：“至善如水。” 【详解】 ①核心句型：本句采用It is + 形容词 + that 从句结构，其中 it 为形式主语，真正主语为后方 that 引导的主语从句，该句式可有效避免句子结构头重脚轻。It is not surprising that… 译为 “…… 不足为奇”，是高频常用句型。 ②get the message across 为固定搭配，意为 “传达思想、阐明含义”。 ③the highest good 对应传统文化概念，译作 “至善”。 【典例】It is surprising ______ she knows so much about history. A. what B. that C. if D. when 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查 It is + 形容词 + that 从句 固定句型。that 在此引导主语从句，仅作连接成分，无实际词义，其余引导词均不符合句式及语境要求，故选 B。 【即练 1】______ obvious that he will win the game. A. That is B. It is C. This is D. He is 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查形式主语用法。在 It is + 形容词 + that 从句 句型中，必须使用 it 充当形式主语，为英语固定语法规则，因此选 B。 【即练 2】Speak loudly, so that you can ______ your meaning ______. A. get; across B. get; on C. get; off D. get; up 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查动词短语辨析。get sth. across 表示 “把意思表达清楚”；get on 意为 “上车；相处”，get off 意为 “下车”，get up 意为 “起床”。结合 “大声说话” 的语境，此处应选用 get across，故选 A。 12. The idea is that we,as humans, should live a simple, peaceful and balanced life, respecting our place in nature. 这一理念是：身为人类，我们应当过简朴、平和且张弛有度的生活，认清并恪守自身在自然界中的位置。 【详解】①句式分析：本句为主系表结构，that 引导表语从句，解释主语 The idea 的具体内容；句末 respecting our place in nature 为现在分词短语，在从句中作伴随状语。 ② balanced adj. 平衡的；均衡的；和谐的。本句中修饰 life，指生活状态安稳协调、张弛有度。 【拓展】词根：balance /ˈbæləns/n. 平衡；均衡v. （使）平衡；权衡 【常用搭配】live a balanced life 均衡的生活 keep a balanced diet 均衡饮食 keep balance 保持平衡 lose balance 失去平衡 【典例】We should have a ______ diet to stay healthy. A. balance B. balanced C. balancing D. balances 【答案】B 【详解】空格处修饰名词 diet，需使用形容词作定语。balanced 为形容词，意为 “均衡的”；balance 可作名词或动词，balancing 多为动名词形式，均不可直接修饰名词，故选 B。 【即练 1】Be careful! Don't ______ your balance on the wet floor. A. lose B. keep C. take D. hold 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查固定短语。lose balance 表示 “失去平衡”，结合 “地面湿滑” 的语境，此处提醒不要摔倒，故选 A。 【即练 2】用所给词适当形式填空 It is important for us to develop a ______ (balance) living habit. 【答案】balanced 【详解】空格修饰名词短语 living habit，需将名词 balance 转化为形容词 balanced，作定语，故填 balanced。 二、单元语法重点 1．—________ is the black jacket? —It’s 88 yuan. A．How many B．How much C．How old D．How about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——这件黑色夹克衫多少钱？——88 元。 How many多少；How much多少钱；How old多大；How about……怎么样。根据“It’s 88 yuan.”可知，句子要用询问价格的疑问词，因此需用How much提问价格。 2．She ________ to the party last night because she was ill. A．didn’t come B．doesn’t come C．won’t come D．isn’t coming 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她昨晚没来参加派对，因为她生病了。 根据时间状语“last night”和“was ill”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，否定形式用“didn’t+动词原形”。选项didn’t come符合语境。 3．She hardly knew anything about the local wedding custom, ________? A．did she B．didn’t she C．does she D．doesn’t she 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她几乎不了解当地的婚俗，是吗？ did she一般过去时，肯定形式。didn’t she一般过去时，否定形式。does she一般现在时，肯定形式。doesn’t she一般现在时，否定形式。反意疑问句遵循“前否后肯”的规则：句中hardly（几乎不）是否定词，所以前半句视为否定句，后半句要用肯定形式。前半句动词knew是一般过去时，所以后半句助动词用did。 4．—Is being honest easy ________ difficult for you? —It is easy. A．but B．so C．or D．and 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——对你来说，诚实是容易还是困难？——它是容易的。 but但是；so所以；or或者，还是；and和。根据问句可知是在“容易”和“困难”两者之间进行选择，疑问句中表示选择关系应用连词or。 5．________ run in the hallways. It’s dangerous. A．Not B．Don’t C．No D．Doesn’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：不要在走廊里奔跑。这很危险。 Not不；Don’t不要；No不；Doesn’t不。根据“________ run in the hallways.”可知，本句为否定祈使句，结构是“Don’t + 动词原形”，用来表示禁止或命令。 6．________ amazing story you’ve just told me! A．What an B．What a C．How an D．How a 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你刚才给我讲的故事多么令人惊叹啊！ 中心词story是单数可数名词，应用What引导感叹句；amazing是以元音音素开头的单词，前面用冠词an。结构为“What + an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + 主谓！”。 7．________ interesting the documentary about Yuan Longping is! A．How B．What C．What a D．What an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：关于袁隆平的纪录片是多么有趣啊！ How多么；What多么；What a多么一个；What an多么一个。根据“________ interesting the documentary about Yuan Longping is!”可知，中心词是形容词interesting，其后接主语和谓语，符合“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”的结构，应用How引导。 8．Boys and girls, ________ the school uniforms on school days. A．wear B．to wear C．wore D．wearing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：同学们，上学日要穿校服。 根据“Boys and girls,...the school uniforms on school days.”可知，此处是老师对学生发出的指令，祈使句应以动词原形开头。 三、单元话题写作指导（Writing an article about a great idea） 要求你写一篇关于「解决问题的伟大创意」的文章，需要包含4个核心要素： ①待解决的问题 ②想出创意的人 ③创意如何解决问题 ④这个创意对我们生活的影响 【写作指导】 Step 1：列提纲（对应课本的 graphic organizer） 开头（1 段）：引出话题，交代背景与问题 中间（2 段）：介绍人物 + 创意的产生过程 + 解决问题的细节 结尾（1 段）：总结创意的影响与意义，升华主题 Step 2：高频词汇、句型 分类 词汇 / 短语 例句 描述问题 face a problem / doubt / have no way to do People were troubled by heavy traffic. 人们饱受交通拥堵困扰。 Old lamps brought much inconvenience to people. 老式灯具给人们带来诸多不便。 描述创意 put forward an idea 提出想法 get inspiration from... 从…… 获得灵感 think differently 换位思考；创新思考 design sth. 设计某物 He got inspiration from daily life. 他从日常生活中获得灵感。 The engineers put forward a new plan. 工程师们提出了新方案。 描述解决过程 make efforts to do 努力做某事 carry out tests 开展测试 work out a plan 制定方案 deal with the trouble 处理难题 succeed in doing sth. 成功做成某事 They carried out many tests and finally succeeded. 他们做了多次测试，最终取得成功。 We worked out a good solution to the problem. 我们找到了绝佳的解决办法。 描述影响 improve people's life 改善人们的生活 cut down waste/loss 减少浪费 / 损失 bring convenience to sb. 为某人带来便利 benefit people greatly 使人们受益匪浅 set a good example 树立榜样 go far beyond time 经久不衰 Shared bikes bring great convenience to students. 共享单车为学生带来极大便利。 This invention improves our living environment greatly. 这项发明极大改善了我们的生活环境。 【写作范文一】 The Light Bulb: A Great Idea That Lit Up the World Before the light bulb was invented, people mainly used candles and oil lamps for light. These were dangerous, dim and short-lived. Thomas Edison, a famous American inventor, wanted to solve this problem. Edison spent years working on the light bulb. He tested over 1,000 different materials to find the right filament. Finally, he found that carbonized bamboo could burn for over 1,200 hours. In 1879, he successfully invented the practical incandescent light bulb. The light bulb completely changed people’s lives. It made work and study possible at night, improved safety in homes and factories, and paved the way for modern electric lighting. Even today, it remains one of the most important inventions in history. Great ideas like the light bulb come from hard work and never giving up. They make our world brighter and better. 【写作范文二】 A Useful Idea for Students Many students have trouble reviewing weak knowledge, and it takes much time to sort out wrong exercises by hand. Some developers came up with an idea and designed the mistake notebook app. With this app, we can take photos of wrong questions directly. It will classify exercises and remind us to review regularly. It saves us a lot of time on sorting papers. Now most of my classmates use this app. It helps us study more efficiently and make greater progress. This creative idea perfectly solves our learning problems and makes study easier. 一、单词拼写 1.His i______ of basic rules led to the failure of the experiment. 【答案】ignorance 【详解】句意：他对基本规则的无知导致了实验失败。形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，结合首字母 i，ignorance 意为 “无知”，符合语境，故填 ignorance。 2.The a______ of this new method greatly improved our work efficiency. 【答案】application 【详解】句意：这种新方法的应用极大地提高了我们的工作效率。定冠词 the 后接名词，结合首字母 a，application 意为 “（理论、方法等的）应用”，故填 application。 3.She wore a f______ dress with beautiful patterns to the party. 【答案】fancy 【详解】句意：她穿着一条带有精美图案的华丽连衣裙去参加派对。形容词 fancy 意为 “精致的；绚丽的”，修饰名词 dress，结合首字母 f，故填 fancy。 4.My parents are s______ with my progress in the final exam. 【答案】satisfied 【详解】句意：我的父母对我期末考试的进步感到满意。固定搭配 be satisfied with 意为 “对…… 感到满意”，结合首字母 s，故填 satisfied。 5.The p______ married the princess in a grand ceremony. 【答案】prince 【详解】句意：王子在一场盛大的仪式上迎娶了公主。定冠词 the 后接名词，结合首字母 p，prince 意为 “王子”，故填 prince。 6.The new system will d______ the old one by the end of this year. 【答案】displace 【详解】句意：新系统将于今年年底取代旧系统。助动词 will 后接动词原形，结合首字母 d，displace 意为 “取代；替代”，故填 displace。 7.Don't f______ others with lies; honesty is always the best policy. 【答案】fool 【详解】句意：不要用谎言欺骗他人，诚实才是上策。祈使句中 Don't 后接动词原形，结合首字母 f，fool 意为 “欺骗；愚弄”，故填 fool。 8.The criminal was sentenced to ten years in p______. 【答案】prison 【详解】句意：这名罪犯被判处十年监禁。固定搭配 in prison 意为 “在监狱服刑”，结合首字母 p，故填 prison。 9.The bird's nest is made of sticks and w______. 【答案】wire 【详解】句意：这个鸟巢由树枝和金属丝构成。名词 wire 意为 “金属丝；电线”，结合首字母 w，故填 wire。 10.The scientists have p______ that this plant can grow in dry areas. 【答案】proved 【详解】句意：科学家们已经证实这种植物能在干旱地区生长。助动词 have 后接过去分词构成现在完成时，结合首字母 p，prove 的过去分词 proved 意为 “证明；证实”，故填 proved。 11.I can h______ believe my eyes when I saw the beautiful view. 【答案】hardly 【详解】句意：看到这美丽的景色时，我几乎不敢相信自己的眼睛。副词 hardly 意为 “几乎不；几乎没有”，表否定含义，结合首字母 h，故填 hardly。 12.We should keep a b______ diet to stay healthy. 【答案】balanced 【详解】句意：我们应该保持均衡的饮食以保持健康。形容词 balanced 意为 “平衡的；均衡的”，修饰名词 diet，结合首字母 b，故填 balanced。 13.He r______ the offer because he didn't like the working conditions. 【答案】rejected 【详解】句意：他拒绝了这份工作，因为他不喜欢那里的工作条件。根据语境可知句子为一般过去时，结合首字母 r，reject 的过去式 rejected 意为 “拒绝接受；不予考虑”，故填 rejected。 14.He didn't study hard, and t______ failed the exam. 【答案】thus 【详解】句意：他学习不努力，因此考试不及格。副词 thus 意为 “因此；如此”，用于引出前文行为导致的结果，结合首字母 t，故填 thus。 15.The chair is so f______ that it won't break easily. 【答案】firm 【详解】句意：这把椅子十分牢固，不易损坏。结合首字母 f 及语境，形容词 firm 意为 “牢固的；坚硬的”，修饰名词 chair，故填 firm。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空。 1.My mother is ______ (satisfy) with my daily performance at school. 【答案】satisfied 【详解】固定搭配 be satisfied with 意为 “对…… 感到满意”，故填 satisfied。 2.The scientist ______ (prove) the truth two years ago. 【答案】proved 【详解】时间状语 two years ago 表示一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式，故填 proved。 3.Everyone needs to keep a ______ (balance) lifestyle to keep healthy. 【答案】balanced 【详解】空格修饰名词 lifestyle，需使用形容词形式。名词 balance 的形容词为 balanced，意为 “均衡的”，故填 balanced。 4.It is not ______ (surprise) that he won the competition. 【答案】surprising 【详解】本句为主系表结构，形容词 surprising 用于描述事物，意为 “令人惊讶的”，故填 surprising。 5.They ______ (hard) have time to relax because of busy work. 【答案】hardly 【详解】结合句意，此处表达 “几乎没有”，需用否定副词 hardly，故填 hardly。 6.The new method has wide ______ (apply) in daily life. 【答案】application 【详解】形容词 wide 后接名词，apply 对应的名词为 application，意为 “应用”，故填 application。 7.The thief ______ (send) to prison for theft last year. 【答案】was sent 【详解】主语 the thief 与动词 send 为被动关系；时间状语 last year 表示一般过去时，主语为单数，故使用一般过去时被动语态 was + 过去分词，send 的过去分词为 sent。 8.He ______ (fill) the box with books just now. 【答案】filled 【详解】时间状语 just now 表示一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式 filled。 9.He hardly believes what you said, ______ ______? 【答案】does he 【详解】hardly 为否定副词，句子视为否定句，遵循 “前否后肯”。主语 he 为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，助动词用 does，故填 does he。 10.Please ______ (not be) late next time. 【答案】don't be 【详解】带 please 的否定祈使句，结构为 Please don't + 动词原形，故填 don't be。 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项。 In the third century, China was divided into three kingdoms: Wei, Shu and Wu. Among the three kingdoms, Shu was weaker than 1 . The head of Shu, Liu Bei, 2 worried about his kingdom. He heard that there was a very wise man named Zhuge Liang living in Longzhong in Hubei Province. Then he made a 3 to invite him to help him. In the year 207 AD, Liu Bei, together with 4 sworn brothers (拜把兄弟) Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, travelled to Longzhong, 5 , when they arrived, Zhuge Liang was not at home. They had to return, achieving hardly 6 . Later, they came to visit Zhuge Liang again, 7 again they didn’t see him. Zhuge Liang had been out 8 days and hadn’t come back yet. This time, Liu Bei left a note expressing his wish. Some days later, Liu wanted 9 a third visit. Guan and Zhang wanted to stop him, but they 10 . This time, Zhuge Liang was at home, but he was sleeping. Guan and Zhang 11 to stand at the door, while Liu Bei stood by the bed in person. 12 Zhuge Liang woke up and saw him, he was moved by Liu Bei’s sincerity (真诚) and agreed to help him. With the help of Zhuge Liang, Shu became larger and 13 . This is 14 story of “San Gu Mao Lu”. Later, people use it to describe people who invite someone in 15 sincerity and eagerness. 1．A．the other B．the others C．another D．other 2．A．felt B．sounded C．smelt D．tasted 3．A．decision B．decisions C．decide D．decides 4．A．he B．him C．his D．himself 5．A．Lucky B．Luck C．Unlucky D．Unluckily 6．A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing 7．A．if B．but C．so D．or 8．A．among B．of C．in D．for 9．A．to making B．makes C．to make D．make 10．A．couldn’t B．shouldn’t C．mustn’t D．wouldn’t 11．A．are asked B．were asked C．ask D．will ask 12．A．Although B．Unless C．Before D．When 13．A．stronger B．strongly C．strongest D．the strongest 14．A．a B．the C．an D．/ 15．A．neither B．either C．all D．none 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了三国时期刘备“三顾茅庐”请诸葛亮出山的故事。 1．句意：在三个国家中，蜀国比其他两个弱。 the other（两者中的）另一个；the others（特定范围内）其余的全部；another（三者及以上中的另一个）另一个；other其他的。根据“Among the three kingdoms”可知，在三个国家中进行比较，蜀国比“其他的两个”弱，此处特指三个国家中除蜀国外的“另外两个”，应用the others，相当于the other two kingdoms。故选B。 2．句意：蜀国的首领刘备感到担心。 felt感觉，感到；sounded听起来；smelt闻起来；tasted尝起来。根据“worried about his kingdom”可知，是对国家感到担心。故选A。 3．句意：于是他决定邀请他来帮助他。 decision决定，名词；decisions是decision的复数形式；decide决定，动词；decides是decide的第三人称单数形式。空格前有made a，此处是固定短语make a decision，意为“做决定”。故选A。 4．句意：公元207年，刘备和他的拜把兄弟关羽、张飞一起前往隆中。 he他，主格；him他，宾格；his他的；himself他自己。空格后是“sworn brothers”，此处应用形容词性物主代词his修饰名词。故选C。 5．句意：不幸的是，当他们到达时，诸葛亮不在家。 Lucky幸运的，形容词；Luck幸运，名词；Unlucky不幸的，形容词；Unluckily不幸地，副词。根据“when they arrived, Zhuge Liang was not at home”可知，他们到了但诸葛亮不在，这是不幸的事情，且空格处应用副词修饰整个句子。故选D。 6．句意：他们不得不返回，几乎一无所获。 everything每件事物；something某事物；anything任何事物（常用于否定句和疑问句）；nothing没有什么。根据“They had to return”可知，他们没见到诸葛亮，hardly“几乎不” 表否定，否定句中用“anything”，hardly anything表示 “几乎什么都没有”，故选C。 7．句意：后来，他们再次来拜访诸葛亮，但是又一次他们没有见到他。 if如果；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据“they came to visit Zhuge Liang again”和“again they didn’t see him”可知，前后是转折关系。故选B。 8．句意：诸葛亮已经外出几天了，还没有回来。 among在……之中；of……的；in在……里面；for（表示时间）达，计。根据“days”可知，是外出“达”数日。故选D。 9．句意：几天后，刘备想要进行第三次拜访。 to making不符合语法；makes使，动词第三人称单数；to make动词不定式；make动词原形。空格前是wanted，want to do sth.“想要做某事”。故选C。 10．句意：关羽和张飞想要阻止他，但是他们没能阻止。 couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；mustn’t禁止；wouldn’t不会。根据“Guan and Zhang wanted to stop him, but they...”可知，关羽和张飞想阻止，但是“没能”成功。故选A。 11．句意：关羽和张飞被要求在门口站着。 are asked一般现在时的被动语态；were asked一般过去时的被动语态；ask问，动词原形；will ask一般将来时。根据上下文时态一致原则，全文为一般过去时。主语Guan and Zhang是动作ask的承受者，应用被动语态were asked。故选B。 12．句意：当诸葛亮醒来看到他时，被刘备的真诚所感动，同意帮助他。 Although虽然；Unless除非；Before在……之前；When当……时候。根据“Zhuge Liang woke up and saw him, he was moved...”可知，是“当”诸葛亮醒来看到刘备时。故选D。 13．句意：在诸葛亮的帮助下，蜀国变得更大更强。 stronger更强壮的，比较级；strongly强烈地，副词；strongest最强壮的，最高级；the strongest最高级前加the。根据“became larger and”可知，此处应用比较级与larger并列。故选A。 14．句意：这就是“三顾茅庐”的故事。 a一个，用于辅音音素开头的词前；the这个，表特指；an一个，用于元音音素开头的词前；/不填。这里特指前文讲述的“三顾茅庐”这个故事，应用定冠词the。故选B。 15．句意：后来，人们用它来形容那些以全部的真诚和热忱去邀请别人的人。 neither两者都不；either两者中的任何一个；all全部，所有（三者或以上）；none没有一个（三者或以上）。根据“sincerity and eagerness”可知，是“全部的”真诚和热忱。故选C。 五、完形填空 Many years ago, there was a family named Franklin. They lived in Boston. There were five girls and six boys in the family. On a January day in 1706, another baby boy was born. The boy’s parents gave the boy a name—Benjamin. Benjamin was the 1 of all the children. He could read when he was five and he could write when he was seven. The next year his parents sent him to school. At school Benjamin was good at reading and writing, but not good at Maths. He read all of his father’s books. And when he had money, he always went to buy 2 , because they told him how to do something. The boy liked to use his head and tried to 3 ways to help people enjoy life more. For example, he tried to know if there were some ways to swim farther, maybe with something on his hands or 4 . Slowly a picture of swimming shoes grew in his 5 . They must be neither too big nor too small. And they must be neither too heavy nor too light. At last, he 6 the flippers for swimming. Electricity was one of the things Benjamin experimented with when he stopped working. He discovered that lightning and electricity were the same thing. The lightning rod (避雷针) was a(n) 7 invention that we still use today. It can 8 buildings and ships from lightning damage. Franklin preferred to have his inventions used 9 by everyone. He was not only an inventor, but also a writer, an educator, a politician and so on. He made great achievements in different areas. Thomas Jefferson, the third president of America, called Benjamin Franklin “the 10 man of the age and country in which he lived”. 1．A．cleverest B．strongest C．bravest D．quietest 2．A．candies B．gifts C．books D．toys 3．A．look out B．look for C．look after D．look up 4．A．head B．face C．arms D．feet 5．A．mind B．idea C．spirits D．attention 6．A．discovered B．invented C．achieved D．decided 7．A．horrible B．awful C．important D．natural 8．A．provide B．improve C．hide D．protect 9．A．freely B．quickly C．expensively D．separately 10．A．friendliest B．greatest C．busiest D．funniest 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述了本杰明·富兰克林的生平，从他的童年聪慧、发明创造到他的多方面成就，展现了他作为发明家、作家、政治家等多重身份的伟大贡献。 【详解】1．句意：本杰明是所有孩子中最聪明的。 根据后文“He could read when he was five and he could write when he was seven.”可知，本杰明比其他孩子更早展现读写能力，cleverest最聪明的，符合语境。strongest最强壮的；bravest最勇敢的；quietest最安静的，均不符。 2．句意：当他有钱时，他总是去买书，因为书会告诉他如何做事情。 根据前文“He read all of his father’s books.”可知他喜欢阅读，因此有钱会买books书。candies糖果；gifts礼物；toys玩具，均不符。 3．句意：这个男孩喜欢动脑筋，试图寻找方法帮助人们更好地享受生活。 根据后文“help people enjoy life more”可知，他在寻找方法来改善生活，look for寻找，符合语境。look out小心；look after照顾；look up查阅，均不符。 4．句意：例如，他想知道是否有办法游得更远，也许在手上或脚上戴些东西。 根据后文“swimming shoes grew”可知，他设想的是在脚上戴东西辅助游泳，feet脚，符合语境。head头；face脸；arms手臂，均不符。 5．句意：慢慢地，一个游泳鞋的样子在他的脑海中形成了。 根据语境，这里指想法在他的脑海中形成，mind脑海，符合语境。idea主意；spirits精神；attention注意力，均不符。 6．句意：最后，他发明了游泳用的脚蹼。 根据后文“the flippers for swimming”可知，这是他发明的物品，invented发明的，符合语境。discovered发现；achieved实现；decided决定，均不符。 7．句意：避雷针是一项我们至今仍在使用的重要发明。 根据后文“we still use today”可知，避雷针是一项重要的发明，important重要的，符合语境。horrible可怕的；awful糟糕的；natural自然的，均不符。 8．句意：它可以保护建筑物和船只免受雷击损害。 根据常识，避雷针的作用是保护建筑和船只免受雷击，protect保护，符合语境。provide提供；improve改善；hide隐藏，均不符。 9．句意：富兰克林希望他的发明能为所有人自由使用。 根据后文“for everyone”可知，他希望发明能被自由地使用，freely自由地，符合语境。quickly快速地；expensively昂贵地；separately分别地，均不符。 10．句意：美国第三任总统托马斯·杰斐逊称本杰明·富兰克林为“他所处时代和国家最伟大的人”。 根据前文“He made great achievements in different areas.”可知，富兰克林被评价为最伟大的人，greatest最伟大的，符合语境。friendliest最友好的；busiest最忙碌的；funniest最有趣的，均不符。 六、阅读理解 A Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history? Many people would think of Confucius, whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2, 000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports. Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3, 000 students in his lifetime. Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose the good qualities and follow them.” He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.” Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said. 1．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because ________. A．he lived a poor life in his childhood B．he had wise thoughts and great views about education C．he traveled with his students from state to state D．he lived during the Spring and Autumn Period 2．Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports ________ as a child. A．by teaching himself at home B．with the help of his mother C．by going to school D．by visiting many famous teachers 3．The word “noble” in the text has the closest meaning to ________. A．poor B．bright C．rich D．cute 4．The correct order of the following statements is ________. ①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child. ②Confucius educated about 3, 000 students in his lifetime. ③Confucius’ father died. ④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history. A．③①④② B．②③④① C．①③②④ D．④③①② 5．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A．All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. B．No one has something worthy to be learned. C．All thinking but no study makes people lazy. D．A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍孔子的生平、对教育的贡献以及其重要思想。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Although he live over 2, 000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution to the education today.”可知，今天我们仍然记得孔子，主要是因为他对教育的贡献，B项符合。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.”可知，孔子小时候拜访了许多著名的老师，学习了音乐、历史、诗歌和体育。故选D。 3．词句猜测题。根据“At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn.”可知，孔子认为每个人都应该去上学，如果他们想学习，可推知，当时只有富裕家庭的孩子才能上学，所以划线部分的含义是“富裕的”，C项符合。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“His father died when he was only 3…As a child, he had to work to help his mother…he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history…He had about 3, 000 students in his lifetime.”可知，正确顺序为③孔子父亲去世，①孔子小时候帮母亲工作，④他建立首所公立学校，②教了约3000名学生。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”以及最后一段中的“A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.”可知，“学而不思则罔，思而不学则殆”以及“严于律己，宽以待人提及”提及。故选B。 B Lu Ban came up with the idea of the ruler when he was young. Benjamin Franklin invented swim flippers (蛙鞋) at the age of 12. And last year, the 6-year-old Kate Smith, published her invention for baby medical treatment. The stories of the young inventors remind people of children’s great creativity. Scientists agree that children are more creative than adults and they have the power to create and invent. Every invention starts with curiosity (好奇心) and a heart to explore. Children are naturally curious and have a spirit of discovery, which drives them to ask questions, explore problems, and try to solve them. Lily Peterson, at the age of 9, created the ice cream stick just because she wanted to hold the frozen cream. But the simple invention has transformed the way we eat ice cream, making it easier and more enjoyable for people of all ages. What’s more, children can learn quickly and like turning new knowledge into practice. They are not afraid to think differently and can challenge long-held ideas. They enjoy getting the sense of confidence and pride when they try out their ideas. It makes them take an active part in scientific experiments (实验) and create unexpected ideas. Children’s ability to create is really valuable. Adults should encourage them and provide them with chances to explore the world. By doing so, children can help to make the world around them better. 1．How does the writer develop his idea in Paragraph 1? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. D．By comparing ideas. 2．What does the underlined word “transform” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Prepare. B．Change. C．Discover. D．Study. 3．How do children feel when they try out their ideas? A．Happy. B．Surprised. C．Brave. D．Relaxed. 4．What is the structure (结构) of the passage? A．B．C． D． 5．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell stories about famous inventors. B．To explain children’s ability to invent. C．To recommend some children’s inventions. D．To give advice on how to develop creativity. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要解释了孩子为什么有能力创造发明。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Lu Ban came up with the idea of the ruler when he was young. Benjamin Franklin invented swim flippers (蛙鞋) at the age of 12...The stories of the young inventors remind people of children’s great creativity.”可知，该段是通过介绍年轻发明家的故事来开展话题，C选项“通过举例”符合文意，故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“the way we eat ice cream”及“making it easier and more enjoyable for people of all ages.”可知，此处应为改变了我们吃冰淇淋的方式，让吃冰淇淋变得更简单更享受，故划线单词表示“改变”，与B选项意思相同，故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“They are not afraid to think differently and can challenge long-held ideas. They enjoy getting the sense of confidence and pride when they try out their ideas.”可知，他们并不害怕有不同的想法，在尝试自己的想法的时候会享受得到的自信和自豪感，故可推测出他们是开心的，故选A。 4．篇章结构题。根据第一段“ Scientists agree that children are more creative than adults and they have the power to create and invent.”可知，该段是引起话题“孩子为什么更有创造力”；根据第二段“Every invention starts with curiosity and a heart to explore.”可知，该段主要讲好奇心可以促使孩子去探索去发现；第三段“What’s more, children can learn quickly and like turning new knowledge into practice.”可知，该段主要讲孩子敢于把想法付诸于实践；第四段“Adults should encourage them and provide them with chances to explore the world.”可知，该段主要讲要给孩子提供机会去探索世界，因此本文是总-分-总的结构，故选A。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Scientists agree that children are more creative than adults and they have the power to create and invent.”可知，文章主要是解释了孩子为什么有创造发明的能力，B选项“解释孩子的发明能力”符合文意，故选B。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $