2027届高三英语一轮复习-动词的语态语法精讲精练讲义

该高中英语讲义聚焦动词语态这一高考核心语法点，系统梳理被动语态的构成（含八大时态、情态动词及非谓语形式）、使用场景及主动表被动等考点，通过考点分类整合、方法规律总结、真题即时演练的教学流程，帮助学生构建完整知识体系，突破被动语态的易错难点。 资料以高考易错点为突破重点，通过“系动词主动表被动”“need doing结构转换”等规律总结培养学生思维品质，设置基础填空与拓展拔高分层练习提升语言能力。结合高考真题情境设计即时演练，帮助学生高效掌握被动语态在阅读和写作中的应用，为教师把控一轮复习节奏、提升学生应考技能提供实用指导。

动词的语态 高三英语一轮复习语法精讲 一、被动语态的完整构成 被动通用公式：be + 及物动词过去分词 (done) be 动词随时态、人称、单复数变化；否定 / 疑问变化全部落在 be 动词 / 情态动词上。 八大时态被动形式汇总表 时态分类 主动基础结构 被动完整形式 一般现在时 am/is/are & do/does am / is / are done 一般过去时 was/were & did was / were done 一般将来时 will/shall & do will / shall be done 过去将来时 would/should & do would / should be done 现在进行时 am/is/are doing am / is / are being done 过去进行时 was/were doing was / were being done 现在完成时 have/has done have / has been done 过去完成时 had done had been done 【拓展】情态动词被动结构 公式：情态动词 (can/may/must/should/need)+ be + done 例句： 1.All rules must be followed strictly. 所有规则必须严格遵守。 2.The problem should be solved at once. 这个问题应当立刻被解决。 【拓展】非谓语动词被动（写作高频） （1）.不定式被动：to be done 例：The project to be finished next month is very important. （2）动名词被动：being done 例：He hates being laughed at in public. （3）现在分词被动：being done（正在被…） 例：The bridge being built will connect two cities. （4）过去分词 done（表完成、被动） 例：Given more time, we will finish the task. 二、被动语态的核心使用场景（什么时候必须用被动） （1）动作执行者未知、不必指出、无必要提及 例：Many ancient relics were discovered last year.（不知道是谁发现） （2）突出、强调动作承受者（句子核心话题） To our relief, a great many measures have been taken to protect the ocean from being polluted. 令我们欣慰的是，（人们）已经采取了许多措施保护海洋不被污染。（重点突出 measures 措施） （3）科技、说明文、议论文客观表达，弱化人为主语（高考阅读 / 写作标准用法） 例：New energy is widely used in modern society. 三、不用被动语态的动词 & 固定结构（高考易错重难点） （一）系动词无被动，主动表事物属性 / 状态 系动词：look, sound, smell, taste, feel, prove, turn out 后接形容词作表语，只用主动形式，无被动。 例句： This kind of wool shirt feels soft. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软。 The plan proved practical. 这个方案证明很实用。 （二）表 “事物本身属性、性能” 的动词，主动表被动含义 常用动词：read, write, sell, wash, clean, cook, open, shut, wear 常搭配副词：well, badly, easily, smoothly 例句： Have you bought the book that sells well these days? 你买了最近畅销的那本书吗？ The cloth washes easily. 这块布料很好洗。 （三）与 can’t/won’t 连用的不及物动词，表 “某物自身难以…”，主动表被动 动词：open, shut, move, lock 等 例句：The door won’t shut. 这扇门关不上。 （四）少数进行时动词主动表被动（表示 “某物正在被…”） 动词：cook, fry, bake 例句：The meat is cooking. 肉正在炖煮。 （五）无被动的不及物动词 / 短语（无宾语，无法变被动） 纯不及物动词：happen, occur, appear, disappear, arrive, rise, fall, exist 不及物动词短语：take place, come true, break out, belong to, consist of, date from ⚠️ 易错提醒：happen/take place 绝对没有被动，不能说 be happened 错：The accident was happened yesterday. 对：The accident happened yesterday. 四、主动形式表被动含义（一轮复习必背难点） 1. 不定式 to do 主动表被动 结构：sth + be + 形容词（hard/easy/difficult/heavy/comfortable）+ to do 例：The box is heavy to carry. 这个箱子很重，很难搬。 2. 不定式作后置定语，名词是不定式逻辑宾语，主动表被动 例：I have a lot of homework to finish tonight.（homework 是 finish 的宾语） 3. need/want/require + doing = need/want/require to be done 表 “某物需要被…” 例：The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned. 4. 介词 worth 后接 doing，主动表被动 例：The film is worth watching twice. 这部电影值得看两遍。 五、被动语态特殊考点（易混辨析） 1. by + 动作执行者；with + 工具 / 材料；in + 语言 / 材料 ①by sb：表动作发出者 The letter was written by my teacher. ②with sth：使用某种工具 The cake was cut with a knife. ③in + 材料 / 语言 The article is written in English. 2. 感官动词、使役动词被动要还原 to 主动：see/hear/make sb do 被动：be seen/heard/made to do 例：We saw him go out. → He was seen to go out. 3. “get + done” 口语化被动，侧重偶然、意外动作 get hurt /get lost /get married /get caught 例：He got caught in the rain yesterday. 六、易错避坑总结（一轮复习错题高频点） 1.不及物动词无被动：happen, take place, belong to 永远无 be done 形式 2.系动词 + 形容词表属性，不用被动：feel soft/sell well 3.进行时被动结构容易漏 being：is being done（正在被…） 4.完成时被动固定搭配：have/has been done 5.need doing = need to be done 固定转换，写作加分句型 6.被动语态中，介词不能丢：look after /take care of 变被动：be looked after 【即时演练】1.单句语法填空 ①(2026・湖北八市二模) Zhou Ping, a deputy director of the Chinese museum, in February 2023, ________ (appoint) to participate in the cathedral’s restoration. ②A golden cat was shot by an infrared (红外线的) camera in the forests in Gansu Province in early September. This was the first time that an image of this rare animal ________ (capture) in the Bailongjiang forest area in Gansu. ③Ding Lieyun, the leading scientist at Huazhong University of Science and Technology, told local media that the first brick ________ (make) from moon soil during the Chang’e-8 mission around 2028. ④Annual games ________ (hold) during the region’s Miao ethnic harvest festival in the sixth month of the Chinese lunar calendar. ⑤Chen Minghui has an awfully tight schedule every day as he not only has to deal with research work in Liangzhu and Lishui, but also needs to help review English-version books about the Liangzhu civilization, which ________ (release) soon. ⑥Though they have been existing in China for hundreds of years, in recent times they ________ (forget) by people who prefer modern facilities. 【拓展拔高】2.语法填空 1. The little boy was seen ________ (fall) off the bike just now. 2. Your hair requires ________ (cut). 3.A lot of new roads ________ (build) in our city at present. 4.Great changes ________ (take place) in our school in the past ten years. 参考答案 【即时演练】 1.was appointed 2.had been captured 3.will be made 4.are held 5.will be released 6.have been forgotten 拓展拔高小题答案 1.to fall 2.cutting / to be cut 3.are being built 4.have taken place 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $