2027届高三英语一轮复习主谓一致-语法精讲精练讲义

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考主谓一致核心考点，依据语法一致、意义一致、就近一致三原则及特殊类型构建知识体系，通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练等环节，帮助学生系统掌握主谓一致规则，突破单复数判断难点，体现复习教学的系统性和针对性。 资料采用分类突破策略，如集体名词单复数辨析、quantity/number短语用法对比等，结合实时检测和即时演练，培养学生分析比较的思维品质与准确运用语法的语言能力。分层练习设计确保复习效率，助力学生提升应考能力，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指导。

主谓一致 高三英语一轮复习语法精讲 一、主谓一致三原则 （一）语法一致原则 概念：谓语动词的单复数形式要与主语的单复数保持一致 用法：主语单数 → 谓语动词用单数；主语复数 → 谓语动词用复数 例：Truth is the best policy. 单个的动词 - ing 形式、动词不定式或主语从句 → 谓语动词用单数 例：Smiling shows welcome. A+with/together with/along with/as well as/including/like/such as/besides/rather than 等介词 (短语)+B → 谓语动词与A保持一致 例：Henry, rather than we, is responsible for the loss. （二）意义一致原则 概念：谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式决定 复数含义主语分类： 1.people、police、cattle 等有生命的集体名词 例：The cattle are rounded up. 2.由 and 连接的两个并列成分，表示两个不同的概念 例：To work and to live are two different things. 3.常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词，如 goods、stairs、arms 等 例：Goods were delivered. 4.山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以- s结尾的专有名词 例：The 2024 Summer Olympics were hosted in Paris. 5.“the + 以-sh、-ese、-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的词” 作主语 例：The Chinese are hard-working people. 6.the +形容词/过去分词，表示一类人 例：The young are often full of energy and new ideas. 单数含义主语分类： 1.由 every-、any-、some-、no - 和 - one、-thing、-body等构成的不定代词 例：Everything goes smoothly. 2.表示时间、重量、距离、价格、金钱、体积等的复数名词表示一个整体概念 例：Ten dollars is enough. 3.以- s结尾的表示学科、国家、机构、书籍、报刊等名称的词 例：Politics is my favourite. 4.由连词 and 连接的并列成分指的是同一概念 例：The artist and poet is coming. 5.one/every one/each/either/the number/the variety of +复数名词 例：Each of them is humorous. 6.no/each/every/many a +单数名词+and+(no/each/every/many a)+ 单数名词 例：Every boy and every girl is welcome. （三）就近一致原则 1.or、either…or…、neither…nor… 例：Tom or you are to blame. 2.not only…but (also)…、not…but… 例：Not only my parents but also I am fond of music. 3.由there、here引起的主语不止一个时 例：There are six chairs and a table. 【实时检测】 1.Tom together with his friends ________ (like) playing football.（语法一致） 2.Neither the parents nor their son ________ (know) the truth.（就近一致） 3.The family ________ (watch) TV now.（意义一致，表家人） 4.Each boy and each girl ________ (get) a gift.（语法一致） 5.There ________ (be) a pen and two books on the desk.（就近一致） 6.Ten years ________ (be) a long time.（意义一致，时间作整体） 7.The news ________ (sound) exciting.（语法一致，不可数名词单数） 8.Not only you but also I ________ (be) fond of music.（就近一致） 9.The police ________ (look) for the lost child.（意义一致，表警员复数） 10.A number of students ________ (take) part in the activity.（语法一致） 2、 谓语动词的单复数视情况而定的类型 1.集体名词 class、family、army、team、company、population、party、crowd、crew、audience、committee、group等强调整体时谓语动词用单数，指个体成员时谓语动词用复数 例：His family is very large. 2.单复数同形的名词 如 means、deer、sheep等，根据语境判断谓语单复数 例：Each means has been tried. 3.quantity相关 a quantity of +名词，谓语动词用单数 quantities of +名词，谓语动词用复数 例：Quantities of money are needed. 4.amount 相关 an/the amount of +不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 amounts of +不可数名词，谓语动词用复数 例：The amount of fast food that people eat goes up. 5.number相关 a number of +复数名词，谓语动词用复数 the number of +复数名词，谓语动词用单数 例：The number of animals is on the decrease. A number of animals are dying out. 6.分数/百分数 /half/most/the rest+of +名词作主语 谓语和of之后的名词的数保持一致 例：Most of the books are best-sellers. what从句作主语 7.谓语动词通常用单数；如表复数含义，谓语动词用复数 例：What we need are qualified teachers. 8.定语从句中 关系代词作主语，其谓语动词的数和先行词保持一致 例：Those who are late will not be admitted. 【即时演练】单句语法填空 ①However, challenges remain. Balancing artistic creativity with commercial demands, a problem troubling many animators, ________ (require) both talent and courage. ②The Mount Changbaishan Geopark, along with five other Chinese geoparks, ________ (recognize) as a Global Geopark by UNESCO on 27 March. ③The century-old castle, where there still ________ (stand) a well-preserved old building and dozens of huge maple trees, is listed among the top 10 tourist attractions in the world. ④Not the outer layer material but the sensors used to detect body heat ________ (be) unreliable, which results in the impractical device. ⑤And up until maybe 5 or 10 years ago, the number of English-language recipes for Chinese dishes you could find in a cookbook or on the Internet ________ (be) still extremely limited. 参考答案 【实时检测】 1.together with 连接插入语，主语 Tom 单数，谓语单数 2.neither…nor 就近，靠近谓语 son 单数 3.family 指家庭成员，表复数含义，现在进行时 4.each…and each… 作主语，谓语一律单数 5.there be 就近，a pen 单数 6.时间、金钱作整体，谓语单数 7.news 为不可数名词，谓语单数 8.not only…but also 就近，靠近主语 I，be 动词用 am 9.police 表警察群体，复数含义 10.a number of + 复数名词，谓语复数 【即时演练】 1.requires 解析：主语为动名词 Balancing...，语法一致，谓语用单数。 2.was recognized 解析：along with遵循就远原则，主语 park 为单数；on 27 March为过去时间，被动语态。 3.stands 解析：there be/there stand句型就近一致，靠近动词的a well-preserved old building 为单数。 4.are 解析：not...but... 就近一致，靠近谓语的 the sensors是复数。 5.was 解析：the number of 作主语，谓语永远用单数；ago提示一般过去时。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $