内容正文:
专题31 主谓一致
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 语法一致原则
知识解构 知识点1 单数主语配单数谓语 知识点2 复数主语配复数谓语
知识点3 固定语法结构一致规则
考向破译 考向01 基础语法一致形式辨析 考向02 修饰成分干扰下的语法一致判断
考点二 意义一致原则
知识解构 知识点1 形单义复主语 知识点2 形复义单主语 知识点3 集体名词的意义区分
考向破译 考向01 形单义复、形复义单特殊主语辨析 考向02 集体名词语境语义判断
考点三 就近一致原则
知识解构 知识点1 就近一致核心句式 知识点2 There/Here be句型特殊规则
知识点3 特殊就近结构
考向破译 考向01 并列连词句式的就近搭配 考向02 There be句型语境化辨析
考点四 特殊主谓一致规则
知识解构 知识点1 分数、百分数作主语 知识点2 定语从句中的主谓一致
知识点3 并列主语的特殊规则
考向破译 考向01 数量结构主语的主谓搭配 考向02 定语从句、并列主语特殊场景判断
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026年
2025年
2024年
意义一致
新课标Ⅱ卷am supposed
——
新高考 Ⅱ 卷were
语法一致
新课标Ⅰ卷were
新课标Ⅰ卷tries
新课标Ⅰ卷are revealed
浙江 1 月首考is
全国乙卷were
浙江 1 月首考have started
就近/就远一致
——
全国乙卷is
新课标Ⅰ卷walks
特殊结构
——
新课标Ⅱ卷 is
——
考情分析
一、题型与考向:分析近三年高考真题可知,近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力,侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。
主谓一致题型考查特点如下:
语法填空(核心题型):考察稳定,每年都会考察,语法一致(考查最多,占 75% 真题)无单独考主谓一致,全部绑定时态 + 语态综合设问;就远原则(高频易错,2024 新 Ⅰ 典型)
写作:高频隐性失分点。常出现主谓单复数错配、集合名词用法失误,精准的主谓一致能大幅提升书面表达严谨度。
听力:间接考查。依托含插入语、of结构的长难句,通过主谓单复数差异区分句意与选项。
阅读理解:解题基础能力。借助主谓一致拆分长难句主干,依托主谓逻辑辨析选项、精准理解语篇。
完形填空:辅助解题依据。可通过主谓一致规则筛选动词、be动词、助动词选项,辅助验证名词词义。
复习目标
1. 掌握基础规则:快速剥离定语、插入语等干扰成分,精准定位核心主语,熟练匹配谓语单复数、be动词及助动词形式。
2. 精通特殊结构:熟练掌握就远原则、of所有格、some of数量结构三大高频考点,适配长难句解题场景。掌握集合名词、不定代词、数量词组的主谓一致用法。
4. 构建综合思维:结合时态、语态联动解题,攻克语法填空综合题型;规避写作主谓搭配失误,保障表达规范得体。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 语法一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 单数主语配单数谓语
可数名词单数、不可数名词、单数代词(he/she/it/this/that等)、动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。其中,动名词或不定式短语作主语表单一动作、抽象概念时,固定搭配单数谓语;主语从句作主语,默认整体为单数概念,谓语用单数。
例句: Reading English newspapers is a good way to improve your English.
翻译:阅读英语报纸是提升英语水平的好方法。
知识点2 复数主语配复数谓语
可数名词复数、复数代词(we/you/they/these/those等)、多个并列的不定式/动名词/名词(表多个独立概念)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。常规复数主语不受后置定语、介词短语修饰影响,始终遵循复数谓语搭配规则。
例句: Teachers and students are required to attend the opening ceremony.
翻译:老师和学生都被要求参加开学典礼。
知识点3 固定语法结构一致规则
涵盖各类固定句式语法搭配:如each/every/many a + 单数名词作主语,谓语用单数;no one/nobody/nothing等不定代词作主语,谓语用单数;both/all/few/many等表复数概念的不定代词作主语,谓语用复数。
例句1(单数): Many a student has realized the importance of persistence.
翻译:许多学生都意识到了坚持的重要性。
例句2(复数): Few of them know the truth of the incident.
翻译:他们当中几乎没人了解事件的真相。
易错提醒
❌主语附带介词短语、后置定语的干扰型单句填空与短文改错题,认准句子核心主语,后置修饰成分不改变主语原本单复数属性。
考●向●破●译
考向1 基础语法一致形式辨析
1.(2024 浙江金华高三联考)
Reading ancient poems and appreciating calligraphy ________ (offer) us a chance to feel traditional Chinese beauty.
答案:offer
解析:本句考查并列非单一主语的语法一致。两个不同的动名词短语(Reading ancient poems / appreciating calligraphy)并列作主语,指代两项独立的行为、两件不同的事情,视作复数主语。区别于同一概念的并列动名词,本句为双重独立概念,一般现在时谓语动词用复数原形 offer。
2.(2025 湖北八校高三三模)
What we lack right now ________ (be) enough professional guides for rural cultural tours.
答案:is
解析:本句考查语法一致原则(从句主语规则)。what 引导的主语从句在句中作整体主语,指代“缺少专业导游”这一抽象整体情况,而非多个具体事物。语法规定:单个主语从句表抽象概念、整体事件时,主句谓语动词统一使用单数形式,结合一般现在时,故填 is。
3.(2024 北京高三英语专项练)
The scientist as well as his three assistants ________ (carry) out field research on ancient porcelain since last summer.
答案:has carried
解析:本句考查语法一致-就远原则。as well as、together with、along with 等连接并列主语时,谓语动词单复数由前面的核心主语决定,与后置名词无关。本句核心主语为单数 the scientist,three assistants 为附加修饰成分;句中 since last summer 为现在完成时标志,单数主语对应现在完成时单数形式 has carried。
考向2 修饰成分干扰下的语法一致判断
1.(2023 山东济南高三一模)
No one but Tom and his classmates ________ (know) the hidden story behind the old folk song.
答案:knows
解析:本句考查语法一致-就远原则。but、except、besides 等词连接主语时,谓语动词跟随最前面的核心主语判定单复数。本句核心主语为不定代词 No one(单数概念),Tom and his classmates 为后置补充成分,不影响主谓一致。句子为客观事实,用一般现在时,单数主语谓语用三单形式 knows。
2.(2025 湖南长郡中学月考)
It is the ordinary craftsmen who ________ (make) these amazing hand-made cultural treasures.
答案:make
解析:本句考查强调句型中的语法一致。在 It is/was + 被强调部分 + who/that... 强调句型中,从句谓语动词的单复数必须与被强调的核心主语保持一致。本句被强调部分为复数名词 craftsmen,因此从句谓语用复数原形 make,贴合语法一致规则。
3.(2025 安徽 A10 联盟高三最后一卷)
Every step, from collecting grains to carving patterns, ________ (require) careful handwork and patience.
答案:requires
解析:本句考查语法一致原则。句子核心主语为单数名词 Every step,句中 from collecting grains to carving patterns 是插入介词短语,仅作后置修饰成分,不参与主语判定、不改变主语单复数。句子描述客观事实,使用一般现在时,单数主语对应谓语动词第三人称单数形式,故填 requires。
策略归纳
先剥离插入语、后置定语、修饰短语,锁定句子真正核心主语;熟记单数主语、复数主语、不定代词、从句、非谓语主语的固定单复数属性;就远类结构坚决以前置主语为准,不受后置干扰,结合时态语态直接判定谓语形式。
考点二 意义一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 形单义复的主语
部分名词形式为单数,但语义为复数概念,谓语动词需用复数。常见词汇:people、police、cattle等集体名词;以及表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词。此类主语无复数变形,固定搭配复数谓语。
例句: The police are searching for the missing child in the neighborhood.
翻译:警方正在社区内搜寻这名失踪的儿童。
知识点2 形复义单主语
部分名词形式为复数,但语义为单一整体、抽象概念,谓语动词用单数。常见类别:表示学科、课程的名词(physics、maths、politics等);表示报刊、书名、组织机构的复数专有名词;表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等度量衡的复数名词(表整体概念)。
例句1(学科): Physics is a difficult subject for some high school students.
翻译:物理对一些高中生来说是一门很难的学科。
例句2(度量衡): Ten years is a long time in one's life.
翻译:十年在人的一生当中是一段漫长的时光。
知识点3 集体名词的意义区分
family、team、class、group、government、audience等集体名词,视语义定谓语形式:表整体概念时,谓语用单数;表集体中的个体成员时,谓语用复数。
例句1(整体): My family is a happy and warm big family.
翻译:我的家庭是一个幸福温暖的大家庭。
例句2(个体): My family all like traveling on weekends.
翻译:我的家人周末都喜欢出游。
易错提醒
❌特殊名词、集体名词结合语境的主谓搭配辨析题,极易被单词形式误导。
得分速记
名看义不看形,集体名词看语境,整体单数、个体复数。
考●向●破●译
考向1 形单义复、形复义单特殊主语辨析
1.(2024 四川泸州高三三模)
At age 16, she made Su embroidery works, all of which ________ (sell) to support her poor family.
答案:were sold
解析:本句考查意义一致原则。定语从句的先行词为 Su embroidery works(刺绣作品),指代具体复数实物,语义上为复数主体,从句谓语需匹配复数形式。同时 works 与 sell 为被动关系(作品被售卖),主句为一般过去时,从句时态保持一致,故填一般过去时被动复数形式 were sold。
2.(原创题)To better spread local traditional culture, the cultural bureau ________ (develop) a complete set of folk culture promotion plans in the last few years.
答案:has developed
解析:the cultural bureau 作为机构整体,视作单数;in the last few years 为现在完成时标志,故用单数完成时 has developed。
3.(原创题)Now urban managers and relevant departments ________ (put) targeted measures in place to protect popular scenic spots from over development.
答案:are putting
解析:and 连接两个不同主体,指代多个工作人员与部门,为复数个体概念;now 用现在进行时,谓语复数。
考向2 集体名词语境语义判断
1.(原创题)As domestic new energy technology matures and public environmental awareness improves, the enterprise ________ (replace) traditional fuel-powered equipment with clean energy devices, which is widely welcomed in overseas markets.
答案:has replaced
解析:the enterprise 指代企业整体,视作单数;动作已完成并造成持续影响,用现在完成时单数形式。
2.(原创题)The volleyball team ________ (have) its final tactical training before the league finals. It needs to stay focused and stable.
答案:has
解析:后文代词 its 表整体,球队作为一个团队统一训练,整体概念视作单数,一般现在时三单。
3.(原创题)The panel ________ (debate) the new industry regulation right now, and it is expected to announce the final result soon.
答案:is debating
解析:后文代词 it 表专家组整体,不强调个体成员,视作单数;right now 用现在进行时。
策略归纳
核心:弃形式看语义,整体单数、个体复数、特殊名词看属性
考点三 就近、就远原则判定(就近一致)
知●识●解●构
知识点1 就近一致原则
谓语动词的单复数、人称,只和离它距离最近的主语匹配。
1. 关联并列连词连接双主语
适用连词:either…or…、neither…nor…、not…but…、not only…but also…
例 1:Either Lily or her brother has to clean the classroom.
译文:要么莉莉,要么她弟弟得打扫教室。
解析:靠近谓语的主语为 her brother(单数),谓语用单数 has。
例 2:Not only the students but their teachers know this secret.
译文:不光学生,老师们也知道这个秘密。
解析:贴近谓语的主语是 their teachers(复数),谓语用复数 know。
2. There be / The following 句式
be 动词单复数跟随紧跟在后的第一个名词变化。
例 1:There is a notebook and three markers in the bag.
译文:包里有一本笔记本和三支记号笔。
例 2:There are three markers and a notebook in the bag.
译文:包里有三支记号笔和一本笔记本。
例 3:The following is a report and several charts.
译文:下面是一份报告和几张图表。
例 4:The following are several charts and a report.
译文:下面是几张图表和一份报告。
知识点2 就远一致原则
主语后附带 with、together with、along with、as well as、rather than、including、like、but、except 等引导的补充成分时,这些成分只作修饰,不算主语核心。谓语只和最前方的主干主语保持一致。
解题小技巧:可直接删去中间修饰短语,剩下的名词就是真正主语。
例 1:The scientist, together with his assistants, is doing field research.
译文:这位科学家和他的助手们正在开展实地调研。
解析:核心主语 The scientist 为单数,谓语用单数 is。
例 2:All classmates, except Tom, take part in the outdoor activity.
译文:除了汤姆,所有同学都参加户外活动。
解析:主干主语 All classmates 是复数,谓语搭配复数 take。
例 3:This cat, like other small pets, needs daily care.
译文:这只猫和其他小型宠物一样,需要日常照料。
解析:主语为单数 this cat,谓语使用单数 needs。
易错提醒
❌多主语并列句式、There be多名词并存的语法填空与改错题。就近句式只看紧邻谓语的主语,忽略远距离主语的单复数。
考●向●破●译
考向1 并列连词句式的就近搭配
1.(2024 广东佛山高三阶段检测)
Not only the students but also their head teacher ________ (invite) to attend the traditional art show yesterday.
答案:was invited
解析:本句考查就近一致核心规则。not only...but also... 连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词单复数严格遵循就近原则,只与靠近谓语的后一个主语保持一致。本句紧邻谓语的主语为单数 head teacher,时间状语 yesterday 表一般过去时,且主语与 invite 为被动关系,故填单数过去时被动形式 was invited。
2.(2025 重庆八中高三月考)
Neither the guide nor the tourists ________ (allow) to touch the fragile ancient paintings in the exhibition.
答案:are allowed
解析:本句考查就近一致原则。neither...nor... 连接并列主语,严格遵循就近一致规则,谓语单复数由紧邻谓语的主语决定。本句靠近谓语的是复数名词 tourists,语义为场馆固定规章制度,用一般现在时,主语与 allow 为被动关系,故填复数被动形式 are allowed
3.(原创题)In the meeting hall ________ (be) the director or his assistants, ready to answer staff’s questions.
答案:are
解析:or 连接双主语,就近看后置的 assistants 复数,谓语用复数 are,倒装不改变就近规则。
考向2 There be句型语境化辨析
1.(原创题)The documentary ranks this ancient poet among the world’s top literary masters, ________ (put) him on a par with Goethe and Byron, and pointing out that there ________ (be) no similar literary genius in modern Western literature.
答案:putting;is
解析:there be 就近一致,紧邻名词 genius 单数,be 动词用 is;第一空与 pointing 并列作结果状语,用 putting。
2.(原创题)There ________ (be) growing concern among experts that climate change, exacerbated by recent industrial activities, ________ (be) accelerating at an unforeseen rate.
答案:is;is
解析:第一空 there be 就近,concern 不可数单数,用 is;第二空主语 climate change 单数,进行时态用 is。
策略归纳
就远原则
主语 + as well as /but/except /together with…,谓语和最前面主语单复数一致
就近原则
not only…but also… /neither…nor… /or/either…or…,谓语和靠近的名词单复数一致
考点四 特殊结构的主谓一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 分数、百分数作主语
分数、百分数 + of + 名词作主语时,谓语动词单复数由of后的核心名词决定:后接不可数名词/单数可数名词,谓语用单数;后接复数可数名词,谓语用复数。
例句1(单数): Three-fifths of the water has been used up.
翻译:五分之三的水已经被用完了。
例句2(复数): Sixty percent of the students take part in after-school activities.
翻译:百分之六十的学生参加课外活动。
知识点2 定语从句中的主谓一致
常规定语从句:从句谓语单复数由先行词决定;特殊结构:one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句,从句谓语用复数;the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句,从句谓语用单数。
例句1(复数): He is one of the students who have passed the exam.
翻译:他是通过考试的学生之一。
例句2(单数): She is the only one of the girls who wins the scholarship.
翻译:她是所有女孩中唯一获得奖学金的人。
知识点3 并列主语中的特殊规则
and连接两个单数名词,表同一人、同一物、同一概念(两套身份、一体事物)时,谓语用单数;表两个独立人/事物时,谓语用复数。
例句1(同一人): The writer and teacher is very popular among students.
翻译:这位作家兼老师深受学生喜爱。
例句2(两个人): The writer and the teacher have come to the meeting.
翻译:这位作家和这位老师都来参加会议了。
得分速记 数量结构看of后名词,定从看先行词,并列名词看是否为同一整体。
考●向●破●译
考向1 数量结构主语的主谓搭配
1.(2023 江苏苏州高三二模)
Large quantities of ancient paper relics ________ (find) in the newly opened museum last month.
答案:were found
解析:本句考查数量结构特殊主谓一致规则。固定考点:quantities of + 任意名词(可数/不可数)作主语时,谓语动词一律用复数形式,不受后面名词单复数影响。本句主语 relics 与 find 为被动关系,last month 表一般过去时,故填复数过去被动形式 were found。
2.(2024 河南郑州高三三模)
A series of local folk performances ________ (hold) every weekend in the city cultural hall.
答案:is held
解析:本句考查特殊系列结构主谓一致。固定规则:a series of + 复数名词作主语,整体表“一系列”的统一整体,谓语动词固定用单数形式。句中 performances 与 hold 为被动关系,every weekend 表经常性常态动作,用一般现在时被动语态,故填 is held。
3.(原创题)Its ultra-realistic feather coat, polished by a professional intangible cultural heritage team, ________ (make) it almost identical to real wild swans at first sight.
答案:makes
解析:逗号间过去分词后置定语为干扰,核心主语 feather coat 单数,客观事实用三单。
考向2 定语从句、并列主语特殊场景判断
1.(原创题)Handicraft embroidery, a traditional folk art with profound Chinese cultural heritage, ________ (involve) weaving colorful threads into exquisite patterns and artworks.
答案:involves
解析:逗号内同位语为干扰信息,核心主语 Handicraft embroidery 单数,客观常识用一般现在时三单。
2.(原创题)Africa’s flagship solar energy project is designed and constructed by Chinese enterprises, ________ (which) is regarded by industry insiders as a breakthrough in local clean energy development and ________ (demonstrate) the outstanding strength of Chinese global energy cooperation.
答案:which;demonstrates
解析:非限制性定语从句指代整件事,单数概念,and 并列谓语,故用三单 demonstrates。
3.(原创题)The design of this riverside pavilion, which looks like a floating boat on the water, ________ (credit) to a famous domestic landscape architect.
答案:is credited
解析:定语从句为干扰成分,核心主语 The design 单数;被动语态,客观事实用一般现在时被动。
策略归纳
解题优先判断主谓一致三大核心原则,先找句子核心主语,排除修饰成分干扰;特殊名词、固定句式单独记忆,结合语境区分形式与语义差异,嵌套句式分层判断,可快速规避绝大多数失分陷阱。
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
题组一 语法一致
1.(2024新高考Ⅱ卷·58)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.”
答案:were
解析:核心主语为 some of the things(复数),从句为修饰成分不影响主谓。全文叙述过往观点,用一般过去时。易错点:误将从句主语当作主句主语。
2.(2024全国甲卷·44)They 44________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
答案:were
解析:主语 they 为复数,语境为过去经历,用一般过去时复数形式。易错点:被过去完成时干扰误判时态。
3.(2024新高考Ⅱ卷·61)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 61________ (build) at the First Garden.
答案:was built
解析:核心主语 a pavilion 单数,后置定语不干扰主谓。主语与 build 为被动关系,two years later 提示一般过去时。易错点:漏判被动、误判主语。
4.(2025新高考Ⅰ卷·60)“The players’ personalities 60________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
答案:are revealed
解析:核心主语 personalities 复数,性格被展现为被动逻辑。并列句为一般现在时,时态统一。易错点:只看单数 player,忽略核心复数名词。
5.(2025新高考Ⅰ卷·61)A decent winner always 61________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of respect for the other side.
答案:tries
解析:主语 a decent winner 单数,always 表常态用一般现在时,单数谓语用三单。易错点:直接用动词原形。
6.(2025新高考Ⅱ卷·61)The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes 61________ (be) one of them.
答案:is
解析:核心主语 scent 不可数单数,of 短语仅作修饰。客观现象用一般现在时。易错点:误把 clothes 当作主语。
7.(2025浙江1月首考·62)The concept 62________ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.
答案:is
解析:主语 the concept 单数,插入语不影响主干时态。陈述当下事实,用一般现在时。易错点:被插入完成时干扰。
8.(2025北京卷·16)Usually, better outcomes 16________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
答案:are achieved
解析:主语 outcomes 复数,usually 表普遍规律。结果被取得,用一般现在时被动。易错点:不会判断无生命主语被动。
9.(2026新高考Ⅰ卷·59)In the old days, transport and communication 59________ (be) limited, so villagers came to daji to buy daily necessities.
答案:were
解析:and 连接两个不同类别名词,构成复数主语。in the old days 提示一般过去时。易错点:误认为并列抽象名词为单数。
题组二 特殊结构一致
1.(2024全国乙卷·44)Small stone houses, each with a private garden, 44________ (be) lined along the quiet river.
答案:were
解析:核心主语 small stone houses 复数,each 同位语仅补充说明,不改变单复数。描述过去景象用一般过去时。易错点:被 each 误判为单数。
2.(2024北京卷·13)Taking a short walk outdoors every day 13________ (give) people a great sense of relaxation.
答案:gives
解析:动名词短语作主语,统一视作单数。every day 表常态,用一般现在时三单。易错点:误以为动名词为复数。
3.(2024浙江1月首考·42)Local farmers 42________ (start) to grow this special fruit since 2010.
答案:have started
解析:主语 farmers 复数,since 引导现在完成时,复数主语用 have。
题组三 就近一致、就远一致
1.(2024新高考Ⅰ卷·60)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
答案:walks
解析:核心主语 the Silk Route Garden 单数,as well as 遵循就远原则,后接内容不干扰主谓。客观介绍用一般现在时三单。易错点:被后方复数名词误导。
题组四 意义一致
1.(原创题)The staff in the marketing department ________ (express) a range of opinions regarding the new campaign, with some voicing strong support and others remaining skeptical.
答案:have expressed
解析:staff 指代多位员工,观点各不相同,强调个体复数;动作已完成,用现在完成时复数。
2.(原创题)A pair of vintage glasses ________ (lie) on the antique desk, left behind by the previous owner.
答案:lies
解析:a pair of 结构核心主语为 pair,单数整体概念,描述常态用一般现在时三单。
3.(原创题)A number of applicants who were shortlisted after the initial screening round ________ (submit) their portfolios online till now.
答案:have submitted
解析:a number of 表“许多”,修饰复数主语,个体复数概念;till now 现在完成时。
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专题31 主谓一致
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 语法一致原则
知识解构 知识点1 单数主语配单数谓语 知识点2 复数主语配复数谓语
知识点3 固定语法结构一致规则
考向破译 考向01 基础语法一致形式辨析 考向02 修饰成分干扰下的语法一致判断
考点二 意义一致原则
知识解构 知识点1 形单义复主语 知识点2 形复义单主语 知识点3 集体名词的意义区分
考向破译 考向01 形单义复、形复义单特殊主语辨析 考向02 集体名词语境语义判断
考点三 就近一致原则
知识解构 知识点1 就近一致核心句式 知识点2 There/Here be句型特殊规则
知识点3 特殊就近结构
考向破译 考向01 并列连词句式的就近搭配 考向02 There be句型语境化辨析
考点四 特殊主谓一致规则
知识解构 知识点1 分数、百分数作主语 知识点2 定语从句中的主谓一致
知识点3 并列主语的特殊规则
考向破译 考向01 数量结构主语的主谓搭配 考向02 定语从句、并列主语特殊场景判断
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026年
2025年
2024年
意义一致
新课标Ⅱ卷am supposed
——
新高考 Ⅱ 卷were
语法一致
新课标Ⅰ卷were
新课标Ⅰ卷tries
新课标Ⅰ卷are revealed
浙江 1 月首考is
全国乙卷were
浙江 1 月首考have started
就近/就远一致
——
全国乙卷is
新课标Ⅰ卷walks
特殊结构
——
新课标Ⅱ卷 is
——
考情分析
一、题型与考向:分析近三年高考真题可知,近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力,侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。
主谓一致题型考查特点如下:
语法填空(核心题型):考察稳定,每年都会考察,语法一致(考查最多,占 75% 真题)无单独考主谓一致,全部绑定时态 + 语态综合设问;就远原则(高频易错,2024 新 Ⅰ 典型)
写作:高频隐性失分点。常出现主谓单复数错配、集合名词用法失误,精准的主谓一致能大幅提升书面表达严谨度。
听力:间接考查。依托含插入语、of结构的长难句,通过主谓单复数差异区分句意与选项。
阅读理解:解题基础能力。借助主谓一致拆分长难句主干,依托主谓逻辑辨析选项、精准理解语篇。
完形填空:辅助解题依据。可通过主谓一致规则筛选动词、be动词、助动词选项,辅助验证名词词义。
复习目标
1. 掌握基础规则:快速剥离定语、插入语等干扰成分,精准定位核心主语,熟练匹配谓语单复数、be动词及助动词形式。
2. 精通特殊结构:熟练掌握就远原则、of所有格、some of数量结构三大高频考点,适配长难句解题场景。掌握集合名词、不定代词、数量词组的主谓一致用法。
4. 构建综合思维:结合时态、语态联动解题,攻克语法填空综合题型;规避写作主谓搭配失误,保障表达规范得体。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 语法一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 单数主语配单数谓语
可数名词单数、不可数名词、单数代词(he/she/it/this/that等)、动词不定式、动名词、从句作主语时,谓语动词一律用单数形式。其中,动名词或不定式短语作主语表单一动作、抽象概念时,固定搭配单数谓语;主语从句作主语,默认整体为单数概念,谓语用单数。
例句: Reading English newspapers is a good way to improve your English.
翻译:阅读英语报纸是提升英语水平的好方法。
知识点2 复数主语配复数谓语
可数名词复数、复数代词(we/you/they/these/those等)、多个并列的不定式/动名词/名词(表多个独立概念)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。常规复数主语不受后置定语、介词短语修饰影响,始终遵循复数谓语搭配规则。
例句: Teachers and students are required to attend the opening ceremony.
翻译:老师和学生都被要求参加开学典礼。
知识点3 固定语法结构一致规则
涵盖各类固定句式语法搭配:如each/every/many a + 单数名词作主语,谓语用单数;no one/nobody/nothing等不定代词作主语,谓语用单数;both/all/few/many等表复数概念的不定代词作主语,谓语用复数。
例句1(单数): Many a student has realized the importance of persistence.
翻译:许多学生都意识到了坚持的重要性。
例句2(复数): Few of them know the truth of the incident.
翻译:他们当中几乎没人了解事件的真相。
易错提醒
❌主语附带介词短语、后置定语的干扰型单句填空与短文改错题,认准句子核心主语,后置修饰成分不改变主语原本单复数属性。
考●向●破●译
考向1 基础语法一致形式辨析
1.(2024 浙江金华高三联考)
Reading ancient poems and appreciating calligraphy ________ (offer) us a chance to feel traditional Chinese beauty.
2.(2025 湖北八校高三三模)
What we lack right now ________ (be) enough professional guides for rural cultural tours.
3.(2024 北京高三英语专项练)
The scientist as well as his three assistants ________ (carry) out field research on ancient porcelain since last summer.
考向2 修饰成分干扰下的语法一致判断
1.(2023 山东济南高三一模)
No one but Tom and his classmates ________ (know) the hidden story behind the old folk song.
2.(2025 湖南长郡中学月考)
It is the ordinary craftsmen who ________ (make) these amazing hand-made cultural treasures.
3.(2025 安徽 A10 联盟高三最后一卷)
Every step, from collecting grains to carving patterns, ________ (require) careful handwork and patience.
策略归纳
先剥离插入语、后置定语、修饰短语,锁定句子真正核心主语;熟记单数主语、复数主语、不定代词、从句、非谓语主语的固定单复数属性;就远类结构坚决以前置主语为准,不受后置干扰,结合时态语态直接判定谓语形式。
考点二 意义一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 形单义复的主语
部分名词形式为单数,但语义为复数概念,谓语动词需用复数。常见词汇:people、police、cattle等集体名词;以及表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词。此类主语无复数变形,固定搭配复数谓语。
例句: The police are searching for the missing child in the neighborhood.
翻译:警方正在社区内搜寻这名失踪的儿童。
知识点2 形复义单主语
部分名词形式为复数,但语义为单一整体、抽象概念,谓语动词用单数。常见类别:表示学科、课程的名词(physics、maths、politics等);表示报刊、书名、组织机构的复数专有名词;表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等度量衡的复数名词(表整体概念)。
例句1(学科): Physics is a difficult subject for some high school students.
翻译:物理对一些高中生来说是一门很难的学科。
例句2(度量衡): Ten years is a long time in one's life.
翻译:十年在人的一生当中是一段漫长的时光。
知识点3 集体名词的意义区分
family、team、class、group、government、audience等集体名词,视语义定谓语形式:表整体概念时,谓语用单数;表集体中的个体成员时,谓语用复数。
例句1(整体): My family is a happy and warm big family.
翻译:我的家庭是一个幸福温暖的大家庭。
例句2(个体): My family all like traveling on weekends.
翻译:我的家人周末都喜欢出游。
易错提醒
❌特殊名词、集体名词结合语境的主谓搭配辨析题,极易被单词形式误导。
得分速记
名看义不看形,集体名词看语境,整体单数、个体复数。
考●向●破●译
考向1 形单义复、形复义单特殊主语辨析
1.(2024 四川泸州高三三模)
At age 16, she made Su embroidery works, all of which ________ (sell) to support her poor family.
2.(原创题)To better spread local traditional culture, the cultural bureau ________ (develop) a complete set of folk culture promotion plans in the last few years.
3.(原创题)Now urban managers and relevant departments ________ (put) targeted measures in place to protect popular scenic spots from over development.
考向2 集体名词语境语义判断
1.(原创题)As domestic new energy technology matures and public environmental awareness improves, the enterprise ________ (replace) traditional fuel-powered equipment with clean energy devices, which is widely welcomed in overseas markets.
2.(原创题)The volleyball team ________ (have) its final tactical training before the league finals. It needs to stay focused and stable.
3.(原创题)The panel ________ (debate) the new industry regulation right now, and it is expected to announce the final result soon.
策略归纳
核心:弃形式看语义,整体单数、个体复数、特殊名词看属性
考点三 就近、就远原则判定(就近一致)
知●识●解●构
知识点1 就近一致原则
谓语动词的单复数、人称,只和离它距离最近的主语匹配。
1. 关联并列连词连接双主语
适用连词:either…or…、neither…nor…、not…but…、not only…but also…
例 1:Either Lily or her brother has to clean the classroom.
译文:要么莉莉,要么她弟弟得打扫教室。
解析:靠近谓语的主语为 her brother(单数),谓语用单数 has。
例 2:Not only the students but their teachers know this secret.
译文:不光学生,老师们也知道这个秘密。
解析:贴近谓语的主语是 their teachers(复数),谓语用复数 know。
2. There be / The following 句式
be 动词单复数跟随紧跟在后的第一个名词变化。
例 1:There is a notebook and three markers in the bag.
译文:包里有一本笔记本和三支记号笔。
例 2:There are three markers and a notebook in the bag.
译文:包里有三支记号笔和一本笔记本。
例 3:The following is a report and several charts.
译文:下面是一份报告和几张图表。
例 4:The following are several charts and a report.
译文:下面是几张图表和一份报告。
知识点2 就远一致原则
主语后附带 with、together with、along with、as well as、rather than、including、like、but、except 等引导的补充成分时,这些成分只作修饰,不算主语核心。谓语只和最前方的主干主语保持一致。
解题小技巧:可直接删去中间修饰短语,剩下的名词就是真正主语。
例 1:The scientist, together with his assistants, is doing field research.
译文:这位科学家和他的助手们正在开展实地调研。
解析:核心主语 The scientist 为单数,谓语用单数 is。
例 2:All classmates, except Tom, take part in the outdoor activity.
译文:除了汤姆,所有同学都参加户外活动。
解析:主干主语 All classmates 是复数,谓语搭配复数 take。
例 3:This cat, like other small pets, needs daily care.
译文:这只猫和其他小型宠物一样,需要日常照料。
解析:主语为单数 this cat,谓语使用单数 needs。
易错提醒
❌多主语并列句式、There be多名词并存的语法填空与改错题。就近句式只看紧邻谓语的主语,忽略远距离主语的单复数。
考●向●破●译
考向1 并列连词句式的就近搭配
1.(2024 广东佛山高三阶段检测)
Not only the students but also their head teacher ________ (invite) to attend the traditional art show yesterday.
2.(2025 重庆八中高三月考)
Neither the guide nor the tourists ________ (allow) to touch the fragile ancient paintings in the exhibition.
3.(原创题)In the meeting hall ________ (be) the director or his assistants, ready to answer staff’s questions.
考向2 There be句型语境化辨析
1.(原创题)The documentary ranks this ancient poet among the world’s top literary masters, ________ (put) him on a par with Goethe and Byron, and pointing out that there ________ (be) no similar literary genius in modern Western literature.
2.(原创题)There ________ (be) growing concern among experts that climate change, exacerbated by recent industrial activities, ________ (be) accelerating at an unforeseen rate.
策略归纳
就远原则
主语 + as well as /but/except /together with…,谓语和最前面主语单复数一致
就近原则
not only…but also… /neither…nor… /or/either…or…,谓语和靠近的名词单复数一致
考点四 特殊结构的主谓一致
知●识●解●构
知识点1 分数、百分数作主语
分数、百分数 + of + 名词作主语时,谓语动词单复数由of后的核心名词决定:后接不可数名词/单数可数名词,谓语用单数;后接复数可数名词,谓语用复数。
例句1(单数): Three-fifths of the water has been used up.
翻译:五分之三的水已经被用完了。
例句2(复数): Sixty percent of the students take part in after-school activities.
翻译:百分之六十的学生参加课外活动。
知识点2 定语从句中的主谓一致
常规定语从句:从句谓语单复数由先行词决定;特殊结构:one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句,从句谓语用复数;the only one of + 复数名词 + 定语从句,从句谓语用单数。
例句1(复数): He is one of the students who have passed the exam.
翻译:他是通过考试的学生之一。
例句2(单数): She is the only one of the girls who wins the scholarship.
翻译:她是所有女孩中唯一获得奖学金的人。
知识点3 并列主语中的特殊规则
and连接两个单数名词,表同一人、同一物、同一概念(两套身份、一体事物)时,谓语用单数;表两个独立人/事物时,谓语用复数。
例句1(同一人): The writer and teacher is very popular among students.
翻译:这位作家兼老师深受学生喜爱。
例句2(两个人): The writer and the teacher have come to the meeting.
翻译:这位作家和这位老师都来参加会议了。
得分速记 数量结构看of后名词,定从看先行词,并列名词看是否为同一整体。
考●向●破●译
考向1 数量结构主语的主谓搭配
1.(2023 江苏苏州高三二模)
Large quantities of ancient paper relics ________ (find) in the newly opened museum last month.
2.(2024 河南郑州高三三模)
A series of local folk performances ________ (hold) every weekend in the city cultural hall.
3.(原创题)Its ultra-realistic feather coat, polished by a professional intangible cultural heritage team, ________ (make) it almost identical to real wild swans at first sight.
考向2 定语从句、并列主语特殊场景判断
1.(原创题)Handicraft embroidery, a traditional folk art with profound Chinese cultural heritage, ________ (involve) weaving colorful threads into exquisite patterns and artworks.
2.(原创题)Africa’s flagship solar energy project is designed and constructed by Chinese enterprises, ________ (which) is regarded by industry insiders as a breakthrough in local clean energy development and ________ (demonstrate) the outstanding strength of Chinese global energy cooperation.
3.(原创题)The design of this riverside pavilion, which looks like a floating boat on the water, ________ (credit) to a famous domestic landscape architect.
策略归纳
解题优先判断主谓一致三大核心原则,先找句子核心主语,排除修饰成分干扰;特殊名词、固定句式单独记忆,结合语境区分形式与语义差异,嵌套句式分层判断,可快速规避绝大多数失分陷阱。
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
题组一 语法一致
1.(2024新高考Ⅱ卷·58)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.”
2.(2024全国甲卷·44)They 44________ (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
3.(2024新高考Ⅱ卷·61)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, 61________ (build) at the First Garden.
4.(2025新高考Ⅰ卷·60)“The players’ personalities 60________ (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
5.(2025新高考Ⅰ卷·61)A decent winner always 61________ (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture of respect for the other side.
6.(2025新高考Ⅱ卷·61)The “sunshine scent” of freshly sunned clothes 61________ (be) one of them.
7.(2025浙江1月首考·62)The concept 62________ (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.
8.(2025北京卷·16)Usually, better outcomes 16________ (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
9.(2026新高考Ⅰ卷·59)In the old days, transport and communication 59________ (be) limited, so villagers came to daji to buy daily necessities.
题组二 特殊结构一致
1.(2024全国乙卷·44)Small stone houses, each with a private garden, 44________ (be) lined along the quiet river.
2.(2024北京卷·13)Taking a short walk outdoors every day 13________ (give) people a great sense of relaxation.
3.(2024浙江1月首考·42)Local farmers 42________ (start) to grow this special fruit since 2010.
题组三 就近一致、就远一致
1.(2024新高考Ⅰ卷·60)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60________ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time.
题组四 意义一致
1.(原创题)The staff in the marketing department ________ (express) a range of opinions regarding the new campaign, with some voicing strong support and others remaining skeptical.
2.(原创题)A pair of vintage glasses ________ (lie) on the antique desk, left behind by the previous owner.
3.(原创题)A number of applicants who were shortlisted after the initial screening round ________ (submit) their portfolios online till now.
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