Unit 8同步练习 2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级下册

**基本信息** 同步练习围绕Unit 8 Lesson 1自然灾难主题，采用“预习-解析-应用”三层递进设计，通过词汇夯实、语法情境解析及综合应用练习，构建从基础积累到语言运用的知识巩固路径，适配新授课语言能力与学习能力培养需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |单词预习|13个核心词汇（灾难、地震等）|基础词汇拼写题，聚焦词汇认知，为新授奠基| |课文解析|对话理解+5个语法点（powerful、when it comes to等）|结合对话情境解析词汇用法，配词形转换及例句，强化语言理解| |巩固练习|词汇应用（9题提示填空）+句型转换（5题汉译英）|从单空填到句子翻译，梯度提升，检测综合语言运用能力|

Unit 8 [Lesson 2] Part A [单词预习] 1. __________ v. 出现；发生 2. __________ adv. 在任何时候 3. __________ n. 生存 Part B [课文解析] Earthquakes can occur anytime, so it is important to be prepared and know how to protect yourself. What should you do if one happens ? Stay calm as the earth begins to shake. If you are inside when the earthquake starts, get under a table or a bed. You need to have something strong around you to protect you from falling objects. Do not stand near walls or windows. Stay out of the kitchen. Also, never get into a lift during an earthquake. If you are outside, get to an open area as fast as you can. Stay away from buildings and trees. If you are in a vehicle, pull over to a place far from trees or tall buildings and stay inside. If you are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge and dangerous waves that appear suddenly. When the earthquake is over, there is still plenty of danger. If you see a fire, quickly move outdoors to an open area. Keep an eye out for things that can fall on you. Only make necessary phone calls. Too many calls will bring down the phone system. Staying calm can improve your chances of survival in an earthquake. It is not easy, but it can save your life. · 1. Earthquakes can occur anytime, so it is important to be prepared and know how to protect yourself. occur v. 发生 _______________ 某人突然想起 = _______________ [例] ______________________________ 这个主意是他在梦中想到的。 [词形转换] _______________ n. 发生；出现 · 2. If you are in a vehicle, pull over to a place far from trees or tall buildings and stay inside. pull over _______________ [例] ______________________________ 司机可以用这种方式靠边停车。 · 3. Keep an eye out for things that can fall on you. keep an eye out for 注意，留心，警惕 = _______________ = _______________ [例] ______________________________ 当你买东西时，你一定要留意假货。 [拓展] keep an eye out (for) _______________ keep an eye on _______________ = _______________ = _______________ [例] ______________________________ 你能照看一会儿我的孩子吗？ · 4. Too many calls will bring down the phone system. bring down ① 打败 [例] ______________________________ 确保在足球赛中打败一班。 ② 降低 [例] ______________________________ 你应该降低这些商品的价格。 ③ 唤起 [例] ______________________________ 这些老照片唤起了很多幸福回忆。 · 3. Staying calm can improve your chances of survival in an earthquake. survival n. 幸存；生存 [词形转换] 1）_______________ v. ① 生存；幸存 _______________ 靠…生存 [例] ______________________________ 我无法靠一周40英镑维持生存。 ② 比…活的时间长 [例] ______________________________ 她的丈夫比她多活十年 = ______________________________ 2）_______________ n. 幸存者 [拓展]“动词 + al → 名词” ① arrive v. 到达 _______________ n. 到达 ② approve v. 赞成 _______________ n. 赞成 ③ remove v. 移除 _______________ n. 移除 ④ refuse v. 拒绝 _______________ n. 拒绝 ⑤ propose v. 提议 ______________ n. 提议 Part C [巩固练习·词汇特训] I. 根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Sometimes, thunderstorms o__________ in summer, so we should stay safe indoors. 2. You can ask me for help with your maths problems a__________. 3. When the e__________ happened, I felt a slight shake. 4. Some falling o__________ can hurt you. You must be careful. 5. Some natural disasters happen without w__________. 6. When the rain started, people __________ (rapid) ran into the nearby shops to take shelter. 7. In a forest, knowing how to find clean water is a key skill for __________ (survive). 8. You should learn how to protect __________ (you). Safety comes first. 9. It is __________ (danger) to climb) the mountains on cold and snowy days. 10. With the development of AI, we can get information more __________ (quick). II. 根据汉语提示填空。 1. 他们把车停到路边并关掉了发动机。 They __________ __________ and shut off the engine. 2. 过马路时，要密切注意汽车和自行车。 When crossing the street, __________ __________ __________ __________ for cars and bicycles. 3. 暴风雨中，强风会吹倒树木。 Strong winds can __________ __________ trees during a storm. 4. 当你在人群中迷路时，保持冷静并寻找警察。 When you get lost in a crowd, __________ __________ and look for a police officer. 5. 这个博物馆里面有大量来自不同艺术家的作品。 There are __________ __________ works from different artists in the museum. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 [Lesson 5] Part A [单词预习] 1. __________ adj. 真实的 2. __________ n. 大门 3. __________ v. 目的是 n. 目标 Part B [课文解析] On June 1, 2013, an earthquake struck Ya’an, Sichuan Province. When the building began to shake, a teacher at Fengcun School shouted to his students, “Earthquake ! Run !” He opened the door at the same time. All the students bent down, covered their heads with their hands, and quickly left the building from the front door in order. Amazingly, they all made it safely within just seven seconds, without any injuries. From this incident, we can learn much about how to respond in times of danger. a. Overcome your fears and act quickly. The moment you feel the disaster coming, you should act without thinking twice. b. Work with others. Teamwork increases survival chances. In times of disaster, the best survival strategy for people is usually to follow the group. c. Do escape drills. Disasters can happen at any time. Practice often so you don’t have to stop to think during a real emergency. Remember: survival = calm + will to survive + knowledge of escape · 1. From this incident, we can learn much about how to respond in times of danger. respond v. 回应 _______________ 对…回应 [例] ______________________________ 她从来没给我回过信。 [词形转换] _______________ n. 回应；回答 _______________ 对…做出回应 [例] ______________________________ 这种产品是为了满足客户需求研发的。 [拓展]“对…做出回应” _______________ _______________ _______________ · 2. The moment you feel the disaster coming, you should act without thinking twice. [重难点] the moment引导时间状语从句，相当于“as soon as”，译为“一…就…” [例] ______________________________ 她一看到火情就呼救了。 [拓展] 例词 例句 连词类 as soon as, once I will call you as soon as I arrive. 名词类 the moment, the minute the instant The moment I heard the news, I knew my father was coming. 副词类 immediately, directly The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 句型类 hardly/scarcely…when… no sooner…than… We had no sooner arrived at the station than the train left. · 3. Do escape drills. drill n. ① 钻头；钻 _______________ 电钻 ② 练习，训练 _______________ 消防演习 v. ① 钻孔；打眼 ② 训练，培训 _______________ 培训某人做某事 Part C [巩固练习·词汇特训] I. 根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The earthquake __________ (real) destroyed many houses, and people had to leave their homes. 2. We walked through the two garden __________ (gate) and saw colorful flowers inside. 3. She __________ (aim) the basketball at the hoop and make a perfect shot. 4. Before you speak out the answer, you should think __________. (two) 5. You don’t have __________ (finish) your homework today. You can do it tomorrow. 6. She __________ down to pick up the pencil she dropped on the floor. (bend) 7. Every month, our school holds a few escape __________ to practice running to the playground safely. (drill) 8. We followed the __________ of the sun to find our way in the forest. (direct) 9. Humans make lots of efforts __________ natural disasters. (prevent) II. 根据汉语提示填空。 It’s important for students to have some escape drills. One sunny morning, Lucy’s school __________ (have) a very important fire drill. When the loud fire alarm rang, Lucy and her classmates were __________ (calm) than other students. They remembered what their teacher taught them before. At first, they quickly covered their __________ (mouth) and noses with wet towels — this helps keep the smoke out. Then, they lined up __________ (quiet) and walked down the stairs slowly. __________ the way, everyone kept to the right and didn’t push. Lucy’s heart was beating __________ little fast, but she __________ (follow) the rules. When they got to the playground, they stood in rows. The teacher counted the students __________ (make) sure no one was left behind. After that, the fireman came. He showed __________ (they) how to use a fire extinguisher. Lucy even got to try it ! It was so cool __________ also made her realize how important fire safety is. Back in the classroom, the teacher talked __________ what they did well and what to improve. Lucy felt __________ (pride). She knew if there was a real fire, they could stay safe by doing these __________ (step). This fire drill taught Lucy and her classmates a lot about keeping themselves safe. So far, Lucy __________ (learn) a lot about safety tips. She says she __________ (guide) more people through how to keep safe in some escape drills one day. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 [Lesson 1] Part A [单词预习] 1. __________ n. 灾难 2. __________ n. 地震 3. __________ n. 台风 4. __________ n. 野火 5. __________ adj. 力量大的 6. __________ n. 物体；目标 7. __________ adv. 在室内 8. __________ v. 关闭 9. __________ n. 闪电 10. _________ n. 官方；权力 11. __________ v. 建议 12. __________ n. 喉咙 13. __________ n. 肺 Part B [课文解析] Mr. Green: Class, what do you know about natural disasters like earthquakes, typhoons, floods, and wildfires ? Jenny: They are very powerful and dangerous. Mr. Green: That’s right. When it comes to earthquakes, what should people do to stay safe ? Brian: If an earthquake happens, we should stay calm and quickly find shelter to protect ourselves from falling objects. Mr. Green: Great advice ! And what about typhoons ? How can we prepare for them ? Peter: For typhoons, we should stay indoors, away from windows. We should shut all windows and doors. Mr. Green: Good points. Now, let’s talk about floods. What actions should we take during a flood ? Tom: We should go to higher ground. Never try to walk or drive through floodwaters. They can be dangerous. Mr. Green: Absolutely. Finally, let’s discuss wildfires. They can be started by humans or lightning. What should we do if we see a wildfire ? Mary: If there is a wildfire nearby, we should follow what authorities advise and leave if necessary. We should avoid breathing in the smoke. It can hurt our throats and lungs. Mr. Green: Those are great tips for staying safe during natural disasters. It’s important to be prepared and know how to protect ourselves. · 1. They are very powerful and dangerous. powerful adj. 有力量的 [词形转换] power ① n. 力量；权力 _______________ 掌权；执政 [例] ______________________________ 上周该政党开始执政。 ② v. 驱动，推动 · 2. When it comes to earthquakes, what should people do to stay safe ? when it comes to… _______________ [例] ______________________________ 说到阅读，她总和同学分享有趣的书籍。 [拓展] _______________ 谈及，提到 = _______________ · 3. If an earthquake happens, we should stay calm and quickly find shelter to protect ourselves from falling objects. 1）shelter n. 避难所 _______________ 躲避 v. 保护，遮蔽 _______________ 保护…免于… = _______________ [例] ______________________________ 树给房子挡住了风。 2）object n. 物体；目的；宾语 v. 反对，不赞成 _______________ 反对… [例] ______________________________ 许多当地居民反对兴建机场。 [词形转换] ① _______________ n. 反对；异议 _______________ 对…没异议 [例] ______________________________ 我不反对他来小住。 ② _______________ adj. 客观的 · 4. Great advice ! advice n. 建议 _______________ 一条建议 [词形转换] _______________ v. 建议 _______________ 建议某人（不）做某事 [例] ______________________________ 我的老师建议我多读书。 [拓展] 近义词 suggest v. 建议 _______________ n. 建议 propose v. 提议 _______________ n. 提议 · 5. We should shut all windows and doors. shut v. 关闭；使关闭 _______________ 停止运转；关闭 _______________ 切断供应 adj. 关闭；停业 Part C [巩固练习·词汇特训] I. 根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. It is quite dangerous to go outside when there is a t__________. 2. There is a w__________ in Australia and I am quite worried about my friends there. 3. When there is thunder and l__________, you’d better find a cover. 4. Please s__________ off the lights when you go outside. 5. You’d better stay i__________. It’s raining heavily outside. 6. We should try our best to keep safe when d__________ happen. 7. While Tan Dun was young, he once made music with common o__________ like stones and paper. 8. Now, more and more people are interested in DeepSeek because it’s a p__________ AI assistant that can help with learning. 9. Talking in a high voice all the time is harmful to our t__________. II. 根据汉语提示填空。 1. 谈到梦想的时候，人们应该考虑他们的作用。 __________ __________ __________ __________ dreams, people should think about their roles. 2. 做运动可以保护我们远离生病的困扰。 Playing sports can __________ us __________ being sick. 3. 生活中我们应该远离危险。 We should __________ __________ __________ dangers in life. 4. 琳达正在为即将到来的期末考试做准备。 Linda is __________ __________ the coming final exam. 5. 落后从懒惰开始。 Falling behind __________ __________ being lazy. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 [Lesson 4] Part A [单词预习] 1. __________ prep. 每 2. __________ n. 数量 3. __________ n./ v. 漫出 4. __________ v. 破坏 5. __________ n. 军队 6. __________ adv. 成功地 7. __________ n. 草原 8. __________ adv. 严重地 Part B [课文解析] Typhoons are strong storms with powerful winds. They usually occur in the Western North Pacific. Typhoons form when warm water from the ocean meets certain wind patterns. Typhoons can bring heavy rain and help cool down hot summers. However, they can be very dangerous and cause a lot of damage. During a typhoon, wind speeds can reach up to 252 kilometers per hour or even higher. This can make trees fall, damage buildings and cause floods. Floods are large amounts of water covering an area. They happen when there’s too much rain or when rivers overflow. Floods can hurt a lot of people and destroy farms, buildings, and roads. In China, one of the biggest floods was 1998 Changjiang River flood. The PLA troops fought against this terrible flood and protected millions of people. They successfully kept major cities like Wuhan safe. Wildfires are big, out-of-control fires. They happen in natural places like forests and grasslands. They can badly hurt animals, plants and the environment. They are also dangerous to people living nearby. In 2023, Canada experienced many big forest fires, affecting an area of over 60,000 square kilometers. · 1. Typhoons form when warm water from the ocean meets certain wind patterns. certain adj. ① 确定的 _______________ 对…肯定 = _______________ ② 某个 [词形转换] _______________ n. 肯定，确定 · 2. Floods are large amounts of water covering an area. amount n. 数量 _______________ 大量的 [例] ______________________________ 每天都有大量的水被浪费。 _______________ …的数量 [例] ______________________________ 他花最少的时间备考。 [拓展] ① a large number of… _______________ [例] ______________________________ 每天许多树被种到山上。 ② the number of… _______________ [例] ______________________________ 我们学校学生数量是2000。 · 3. The PLA troops fought against this terrible flood and protected millions of people. PLA _______________ · 4. They successfully kept major cities like Wuhan safe. 1）successfully adv. 成功地 [词形转换] ① _______________ n. 成功 ② _______________ v. 成功 _______________ 成功做某事 = _____________ [例] ______________________________ 我成功通过了考试。 ③ _______________ adj. 成功的 _______________ 在…方面成功 [例] ______________________________ 我成功通过了考试。 2）major adj. 主要的 v. 主修 [词形转换] _______________ n. 多数 Part C [巩固练习·词汇特训] I. 根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. The flood d__________ the old bridge, so we can’t cross it now. 2. Lily s__________ solved the difficult maths problem after trying many times. 3. The little boy hurt his leg b__________ when he fell off the bike. 4. Huge a__________ of rain in spring helped the flowers grow quickly. 5. Forgetting to bring an umbrella can lead to __________ wet in the rain. (get) II. 根据汉语提示填空。 1. 跑步后，你应该通过慢走5分钟让身体冷却。 After running, you should __________ __________ your body by walking slowly for 5 minutes. 2. 这座山高达3000米。 The mountain __________ __________ __________ 3,000 meters. 3. 你应该以每小时不到80千米的速度驾驶。 You should drive at the speed of __________ __________ 80 km per hour. 4. 我们应该对抗污染，让地球保持干净。 We should __________ __________ pollution to keep the earth clean. 5. 你应该通过向老师求助来处理难题。 You should __________ __________ difficult problems by asking the teacher for help. 6. 我们必须采取行动，多种树来拯救森林。 We must __________ __________ to plant more trees to save the forest. 7. 工厂的废水排放对河流造成了巨大损害。 The wastewater discharge from the factory has caused __________ __________ to the river. 8. 他咳嗽得很厉害，医生建议他吃药。 He __________ __________, and the doctor advised him to take the medicine. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 8 [Lesson 3] Part A [单词预习] 1. __________ adj. 次生的 2. __________ n. 滑坡，崩塌 3. __________ n. 毁灭；破坏 4. __________ n. 海啸 5. __________ adj. 沿海的 6. __________ v./ n. 破坏 7. __________ adj. 核能的 8. __________ n. 爆炸 9. __________ n. 放射线 10. __________ v. 强调 11. __________ n. 链子 Part B [课文解析] Disasters are terrible. Sometimes, secondary disasters are even more dangerous because they create more damages. Secondary disasters include landslides, floods, and so on. Here is a serious example. On March 11, 2011, the largest earthquake ever recorded in Japan caused great destruction. Tsunami waves hit the coastal area less than half an hour later. These waves damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. In the following days, explosions occurred at the plant. More than 150,000 people had to leave the area. Lots of radioactivity got into the ocean and came down from the atmosphere. The earthquake highlighted an important problem — disasters often cause a chain reaction, leading to more problems. If people do not deal with them properly, this will lead to a greater disaster. It is everyone’s responsibility to take action to reduce disasters or secondary disasters. · 1. On March 11, 2011, the largest earthquake ever recorded in Japan caused great destruction. destruction n. 毁灭，破坏 [词形转换] ① _______________ v. 毁灭，破坏 ② _______________ adj. 毁灭性的 [拓展] 词根“-struct” ① structure n. _______________ ② construct v. _______________ construction n. _______________ ③ instruct v. _______________ instruction n. _______________ · 2. These waves damaged the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. plant n. ① 工厂 _______________ 化工厂 ② 植物 v. 种植；安放 [例] _________________________ 他们在山顶插了一面旗子。 · 3. In the following days, explosions occurred at the plant. explosion n. 爆炸 _______________ 核爆炸 [词形转换] ① _______________ v. 爆炸 ② _______________ n. 炸药 adj. 易爆炸的 · 4. Disasters often cause a chain reaction, leading to more problems. chain n. 链子 _______________ 一系列 v. 拴住 _______________ 把…拴到…上 [例] ______________________________ 她把自行车锁在大门上。 [拓展]“把…锁/关/定/绑到…上” _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ _______________ Part C [巩固练习·词汇特训] I. 根据提示或用所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. After heavy rain, a l__________ may happen, so we should stay away from mountains. 2. After an earthquake, s__________ disasters like floods and fires may happen. 3. When reading, I like to h__________ funny sentences with a yellow marker. 4. The hurricane caused great d__________, blowing down trees and houses. 5. After the n__________ accident, scientists worked to clean up the radiation. 6. At the beginning of the term, I plan to study __________ (Japan). 7. The strong typhoon __________ (destroy) many houses and trees in the village last month. 8. Looking at the screen for a long time is __________ (harm) to people’s eyes. 9. The __________ (coast) city is very important because of its geographical location. 10. Shortly after an __________ (explode) happened in a factory, a lot of firefighters rushed to put out the fire. II. 短文填空。 Everything went black ! All the __________ (light) in our flat went out, including the TV. Mum took out the candles and Dad went to see what __________ (be) going on. One advantage of living in __________ tall building is that you always have help nearby. So I went to __________ (we) next door neighbor, Mr. Smith. With a candle in his hand, Mr. Smith answered the door. Uh-oh ! He didn’t have lights, __________. I found that all the buildings in our neighborhood were dark. Our neighbors went downstairs __________ began chatting outside. They were not __________ (worry) at all. Then we __________ (hear) scary sound after a bright flash of lightning. It started to rain __________ (heavy) in no time. In order to get some __________ (information), Mr. Smith turned __________ the radio. The weatherman said that the storm was the cause of all the problems. It __________ (hit) a tower at the power station before the __________ (one) flash of lightning. That was the reason why the lights __________ (sudden) went out. Finally, the lights came back on. We cheered loudly. The event made it possible for the neighbors __________ (have) a chance to be together. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $