Unit 3 Delving into History 重点词汇归纳 清单-2025-2026学年高中英语沪外版选择性必修第四册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit 3的15个重点词汇。从词汇的基础词性、核心释义出发，明确搭配用法和典型例句，进而延伸至词形转换及易混词辨析，构建从基础理解到拓展应用的学习支架。 知识链路以词汇基础用法为起点，通过对比表格（如found/build/put up辨析）、鲜活例句及词形转换拓展，逻辑层次清晰。注重语言能力培养（搭配与语境表达）和思维品质提升（易混词比较分析），助力学生掌握科学词汇学习方法，提升学习效率与综合应用能力。

学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Unit 3 · 1. link 1）n. 联系；纽带 There is a link between…and… …和…之间有联系 There is a link between “arts engagement” and living longer. 2）v. 把…连接起来 link…to/ with… 把…与…连接/联系起来 The ancient Silk Road linked China to/ with some countries in Central Asia in ancient times. be linked to/ with… 与…有联系/有关 According to a study, even going to the theatre or museum once or twice a year was linked with a 14% lower risk of dying early. link up (with)（与…）结合，连接 · 2. foundation n. 基金会；创建；基础；根据；地基 lay/ provide the foundation(s) for sth. 为某事打下基础 Careful planning laid the foundations for the nation’s economic miracle. [词形转换] 1）found v. 建立；创立 Founded in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. 2）founder n. 创办者；发起人 [易混辨析]found/ build/ put up 易混词 用法 例句 found “建立，成立（组织/机构等）”，与set up相近，但更强调打基础 The company was founded in 1955. 这家公司成立于1955年。 build “建造，建立”，常指建造大型建筑，可接具体或抽象名词 They have permission to build 200 new houses. 他们得到建200座新房的许可。 put up “建造；搭建”，指搭建高于地平面的小型建筑物 Have you put up the tent ? 你搭起帐篷了吗？ · 3. varied adj. 各种各样的；多变的 The responsibilities of government are many, and they are varied. [词形转换] 1）variety n. 变化；种类 a variety of/ varieties of 各种各样的 Yellowstone National Park offers a variety of ranger programs throughout the park, and throughout the year. 2）various adj. 各种各样的 3）vary v.（大小、形状等）相异；（根据情况）变化 vary from…to… 从…到…不等/不同 vary in… 在…方面有差异 The suggestions which were put forward in the conference vary in influence and importance. vary with… 随着…变化 These opinions will vary with time, and vary from place to place. [易混辨析] varied/ various 易混词 用法 varied 强调同义范围内的“变化；不同” various 强调不同范围中的种类“多样性” · 4. elect v. 选举 elect sb. (as)… 选某人为… He was elected (as) MP for Oxford East. elect to do 选择做某事 Increasing numbers of people elect to work from home nowadays. [词形转换] 1）election n. 选举，推选 stand/ run for election 参加竞选 How many candidates are standing for election ? 2）elective adj. 选举的；可供选择的 · 5. appointment n. 预约；约会；职务；职位；委任 have/ make an appointment (with sb.)（与某人）有约/预约 To keep an eye on your condition, you should make appointments with the doctor on a regular basis. keep an appointment 守约；准时预约 (an) appointment as… 任命…；…的任命/职位 Her appointment as leader of the team was welcomed by all the members. [词形转换] 1）appoint v. 任命；委派；约定 appoint sb. to… 任命某人去某处任职 She has recently been appointed to the committee. appoint sb. as… 任命某人为… appoint sb. to do sth. 任命/委派某人做某事 The academy appointed Dr. Johnson to conduct the research study. 2）appointed adj.（时间）指定的；约定的 · 6. improve v. 改进；改善 improve on/ upon 对…作出改进；做得比…更好 Lily has scored 98 in the English test, and I don’t think anyone will improve on that. [词形转换] 1）improvement n. 改善，提高 · 7. permission n. 准许；许可；同意 without permission 未经许可 The content above shall not be reprinted arbitrarily without permission. [词形转换] 1）permit ① v. 允许，许可；使有可能 permit sb. to do 允许某人做某事 = allow sb. to do Visitors are not permitted to take photos. permit (one’s) doing 允许（某人）做某事 Who permitted their leaving early ? time/ weather permitting 时间/天气允许的话 [独立主格结构] We’ll have a picnic at the beach, weather permitting. ② n. 许可证；执照 Working here without a work permit is not permitted. · 8. ambition n. 1）追求，理想；夙愿 realize/ achieve/ fulfill one’s ambition 实现某人的抱负 If you want to achieve your ambition, you must work hard and get fully prepared. 2）野心；雄心；志向 She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition. [词形转换] 1）ambitious adj. 有抱负的；野心勃勃的 be ambitious for 渴望… They were ambitious for their children. be ambitious to do 一心想做某事 He was ambitious to become a famous painter like Da Vinci. · 9. operator n. 电话接线员；操作员；经营者 Before working on the deck, Remila was a radar and telephone operator. [词形转换] 1）operate v.（使）运转；操作；经营；动手术 operate on… 给…做手术 2）operation n. 行动；手术；运转；经营 have/ undergo an operation 接受手术 do/ perform/ carry out an operation (on…)（为…）做手术 be in operation 工作中；使用中；有效 Temporary traffic controls are in operation on New Road. come/ go into operation 开始工作；开始生效 = take effect Chinese garbage classification policy has come into operation in several cities. put/ bring…into operation 实施/启用…；使…运转 Beijing’s new international airport put into operation in 2019 serves 72 million passengers annually. · 10. prove 1）linking verb 结果证明是（= turn out 不用被动） prove (to be) + n./ adj. 证明是… Having a talk with the professor proved (to be) a turning point in my life. 2）证明，证实 prove sth. (to sb.) I knew he had done it, but there was no way I could prove it to Eddie. It is proved that… 证明是… Can it be proved that he is indeed a world-famous rock singer ? [词形转换] 1）proof n. 证据 · 11. expand v. 拓宽；（使）扩大；增加；扩展 expand (…) into…（将…）扩展到/发展成… As grizzly bears expand their range into places where they haven’t been seen in a century or more, they’re increasingly being sighted by humans. expand on/ upon 详述，进一步说明 He expanded on his new theory. [词形转换] 1）expansion n.（尺寸、范围、数量等的）扩大；增加；（公司、企业等）扩展；详述 2）expansive adj. 广阔的；广泛的；全面的 · 12. aim 1）v. ① 力求达到，力争做到 aim at/ for sth. 努力争取某物 aim to do/ aim at doing 力求做某事 ② 目的是，旨在；针对 be aimed at (doing) sth. 目的是（做）某事 be aimed at sb. 针对某人 ③ 瞄准，对准 aim (sth.) at sb./ sth.（把某物）瞄准某人/某物 He aimed his toy gun at the target, but missed it. 2）n. 目标；目的 with the aim of… 为了… = for the purpose of… She visited the school with the aim of seeing the library. · 13. efficient adj. 效率高的；有功效的 be efficient at… 擅长… Mr. Lee is efficient at dealing with difficult problems, so you can turn to him for help. energy efficient appliances 节能电器 [词形转换] 1）efficiency n. 效率 · 14. cast 1）v. 投射（光、影子等）；向…投以（视线、笑容等）；投，掷 cast/ throw a shadow over/ on… 给…蒙上阴影 The setting sun cast an orange glow over the mountains. 2）v. 选派角色，分配角色；投票 cast sb. as… 选某人扮演… To my surprise, the director cast me as an engineer. cast a/ your vote (for…)（为…）投票 About ninety-four percent of those who cast their votes approved of the new plan. 3）v. 使人怀疑；造谣中伤 cast doubt on… 使人怀疑 4）n.（一出戏剧或一部电影等）全体演员 The whole cast performs/ perform brilliantly. [归纳拓展] 1）cast aside 抛弃，丢弃 2）cast a look/ glance at sb./ sth. 看一眼/瞅一眼 3）cast an eye on/ over sth. 迅速检查（浏览）某物 4）be cast down (by sth.)（因某事）沮丧，不愉快 5）cast/ throw light on sth. 使某事物较容易理解 · 15. feature 1）v. ① 以…为特色 ② 由…主演；担任主演；起重要作用，占重要地位 She has already featured in two award-winning films this year. 2）n. ① 特色，特征，特点 ②（报章、电视等的）特写，专题节目 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $