八下 Unit12 单元知识梳理-【趣味课堂】英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级下册

该初中英语单元复习讲义通过表格对比、用法辨析及记忆口诀系统梳理单元核心词汇、短语和语法，如动词lie的多义辨析、后缀-ed/-ing形容词对比，以“词汇-短语-语法”递进框架呈现知识脉络，突出重难点内在联系。 亮点在于“即时练习+语法小测”的分层设计，通过选择、填空、翻译等题型巩固“prevent...from...”“whether...or not”等核心用法，培养语言运用能力和逻辑思维。每个知识点配易错提醒，助力基础薄弱学生掌握方法，教师可据此实施精准复习教学。

新仁爱八下 Unit12 The Wonderland of Literature单元知识梳理（练习版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. Xu Yuanchong introduced Li Bai's poems to the world by translating them into English. 许渊冲通过将李白的诗翻译成英文，把它们介绍给了世界。 (教材P92 Activity 1 B） translate, 动词，意为“翻译；译；(使) 转变，变为”。 translate...into... 意为“把……翻译成……”, 其完整形式为translate+ from(语言A)+into(语言B)。 E.g. He translated the letter into English. 他把这封信译成了英文。 Can you translate this Chinese sentence into English? 你能把这个中文句子翻译成英语吗? Translate the text from Italian into English. 把这篇文章从意大利语翻译成英语。 拓展：translation, 名词，意为“翻译；翻译作品；译文；译本”。 E.g. She read the letter and gave us a rough translation. 她看了信，给我们大概翻译了一下。 Is this the English translation of A Dream of Red Mansions? 这是《红楼梦》的英文译本吗? 【即时练习】The Little Prince is such a popular storybook that has been translated ________ over 380 languages. A. from B. of C. at D. into Function 1. He fights against school bullying and grows into a strong man. 他与校园欺凌作斗争，成长为坚韧之人。 (教材P94 Activity 3） grow into意为“逐渐变为，发展成，成长为(某种类型的人或事物)”。 E.g. Ma Huan grew into a lovely girl. 马欢长成了一个可爱的姑娘。 拓展： grow into的其他意思 学着适应(某个工作或者某种情形)/长大可以穿(本来嫌大的衣服) E.g. She will grow into her new role over the next few months. 在今后的几个月里她会慢慢适应她的新角色。 This jacket is too big now, but you'll grow into it next year.这件夹克现在太大了，但你明年长大就能穿了。 链接：grow的其他意思 增多，增大，增强，增长/(人/动物)成长，长大/(植物)生长；种植/留长(头发或指甲)/逐渐变得；逐渐改变看法(产生某种感觉) E.g. Support for Mr.Zhang is growing. 张先生的支持率在上升。 Sales of new cars grew by 10% last year. 去年新车的销量增长了10%。 The number of students at the school has grown from 2,000 to over 3,000. 该学校的学生人数从2000名增加到了3000多名。 Chenchen seemed to grow taller every day. 晨晨好像一天比一天高。 The plants grow wild by the river. 这些植物在河边自然生长。 Many families own plots of land to grow food. 许多人家都有自己的小块土地种植粮食。 I've decided to grow my hair long. 我决定把头发留长。 The sound was growing louder. 声音越来越响。 After a while, the kids grew to like Mr. Li. 过了一会儿，孩子们开始喜欢李老师。 归纳：grow的相关短语 grow up长大成人；形成，兴起，发展 grow out (某人)让头发长长以变换发型 grow out of sth. 因长大而穿不进(原来的衣服); (因年龄增长而)戒除，改掉(某习惯); 产生于，源于 grow away from sb. 逐渐疏远某人；对某人的依赖(或关心)减少 E.g. Trading settlements grew up by the river. 河的两岸形成了一些贸易定居点。 I'm growing my fringe out. 我准备把刘海留长了。 He's already grown out of his school uniform. 他已长得穿不上他的校服了。 He loved cartoons but grew out of them. 他曾经喜欢卡通片，但长大后就不喜欢了。 His art grew out of his love for nature. 他的艺术作品源于他对大自然的热爱。 He grew away from his old friends after moving to a new city. 搬到新城市后，他和老朋友逐渐疏远了。 【即时练习】1) He ________ (grow) into a tall boy last year. 2) 葵花籽会长成高大的植物。 The sunflower seeds will ________ ________ tall plants. 2. We can learn that one can't go far without friendship and teamwork. 我们由此明白，失去友谊与协作，人终将难行远。 (教材P94 Activity 3） go far意为“（人）有远大前程”，指某人在事业、学业或人生目标上取得显著进步或达到高水平。 E.g. With her talent and hard work, she will go far in music. 凭借她的天赋和努力，她在音乐上会大有作为的。 归纳：go的相关短语 go ahead 开始；发生，进行；请吧；说吧 go along （无准备地）继续，进行；去参加，去往；进行，进展 go along with sb./sth. 同意，支持 go around 习惯于(某种行为或穿着);(疾病在某处)传播，流行 go away离开，走开；外出(度假等) go back回去，返回；追溯到；回想(过去的某个时候) go back on sth. 违背(诺言), 食(言) go back to sth. 重新开始，又接着做 go beyond sth. 超出，超过 go by (时间)过去 go down(水平、数量等)下降，下跌；(质量或标准)降低，下降 go off 离开，走(尤指为了做某事); 爆炸；开火 go on 继续做；继续下去；发生，进行 go out 外出(尤指为了娱乐); 熄灭 go over重复某事，练习某事；仔细考虑某事；仔细搜查(检查) go through 某物经受某事，经历某事(指困境、痛苦等) go up (价格、数量等)上升，增加；(水平)提高 E.g. They've decided to go ahead with plans to build 50 new houses on the site. 他们决定推进规划，在这块地上新建50栋住宅。 —Do you mind if I open the window? 我开窗你介意吗? —No, go ahead. 没关系，开吧。 He was making the story up as he went along. 他一边讲着故事，一边往下编。 I am happy to go along with the idea. 我乐意支持这个观点。 You can't go around accusing people like that. 你不能老是那样随便指责别人。 I'm going away on business. 我要出趟差。 The tradition goes back at least 100 years. 这个传统至少可以追溯到100年前。 Liu Yong claimed that the president had gone back on his words. 刘勇声称主席违背了诺言。 He went back to sleep. 他又入睡了。 Their relationship had gone beyond friendship. 他们已经超出了朋友关系。 His income went down last year. 去年他的收入减少了。 This neighborhood has really gone down in the last few years. 这个街区最近几年大不如前了。 Fireworks were going off there. 那里在燃放烟花。 I don't know what's going on. 我不知道发生了什么事情。 Are you going out tonight? 你今晚要出去吗? I had gone over the events of the day in my mind. 我心里反复琢磨白天发生的事情。 When you're going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. 遇到危机的时候，找个人说说话往往很有帮助。 Train fares have gone up. 火车票涨价了。 【即时练习】如果你不想在森林里迷路，就请不要走远了。 If you don’t want to lose your way in the forest, please don’t ________ ________ ________. Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. If she did not sell all the matches, her father would punish her. 如果她不能卖掉所有的火柴，她父亲就会惩罚她。 (教材P96 Activity2） punish, 动词，意为“处罚；惩罚”。后面常接被惩罚的人作其宾语。 E.g. Those responsible for this crime will be severely punished. 犯下这宗罪行的人将受到严厉的惩罚。 拓展：① punish的相关短语 punish sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做了)某事而惩罚某人 punish sb. by doing sth. 通过某种方式惩罚某人 E.g. Mom punished me for breaking the family rules. 妈妈因为我违反了家规而惩罚了我。 My parents used to punish me by not letting me watch TV. 过去我父母常以不让我看电视来惩罚我。 ② punishment, 名词，意为“惩罚；处罚；刑罚”。 E.g. The punishment should fit the crime. 罚宜当罪。 Under existing law, what is the punishment for murder? 根据现行法律，谋杀应处以什么刑罚? 【即时练习】1) If you ________ the school rules, the teacher will ________ you. A. follow; stop B. break; punish C. make; help D. change; praise 2) During the “March 15 Gala”, a famous brand (品牌) was punished ________ making false advertisements about its products. A. by B. of C. for D. with 2. "Perhaps a burning match will warm me up,” she thought. “也许一根燃烧着的火柴会让我暖和起来”, 她想。 (教材P96 Activity2） perhaps, 副词，意为“也许；可能；大概”。 E.g. Perhaps it will rain tomorrow. 也许明天会下雨。 归纳：perhaps和maybe 单词 词性 位置 意思 用法 perhaps 副词 可位于句首，句中或句尾 可能；大概；也许 位于实义动词前，助动词、情态动词、系动词后。 稍正式 maybe 口语化 E.g. He will perhaps come to the party. (实义动词前) 他也许会来参加派对。 This is perhaps the best ice cream in town! (系动词后) 这或许是镇上最好吃的冰激凌! —You could do it yourself. 你可以自己做。 —Yeah, perhaps. (位于句尾) 嗯，也行吧。 Maybe we should ask the teacher. (位于句首) 也许我们应该问问老师。 We go there maybe once or twice a month. (位于句中) 我们每月大概去那里一到两次。 I'll finish my homework tonight, maybe. (位于句尾) 我今晚会完成作业，也许吧。 【即时练习】He is busy now. __________ (perhaps) he will call you back later. 3. Quickly, she lit three matches. 她迅速点燃了三根火柴。 (教材P96 Activity2） light, 动词，意为“点燃；点火”。其过去式为lit，表示“点燃”的动作已完成。 E.g. She lit a match to see in the dark. 她点燃了一根火柴以便在黑暗中看清。 链接：light的其他词性及意思 light n. 光；光线；光亮 / 发光体；(尤指)电灯 light adj. 轻的；轻便的 / 浅色的；淡色的 / 明亮的；有自然光的 E.g. The light from the window is bright.（作名词）窗户照进来的光很亮。 Turn off the light when you leave. 离开时关灯。 This bag is very light.（作形容词）这个包很轻。 She wears a light blue dress. 她穿了一条浅蓝色的裙子。 —We'll leave in the morning as soon as it's light. 明天早晨天一亮我们就出发。 —OK. 好的。 拓展：light up (使)光亮，放光彩 / 喜形于色；喜气洋洋 E.g. The fireworks lit up the night sky. 烟花点亮了夜空。 A smile lit up her face. 她微微一笑，脸上露出了喜色。 【即时练习】The light bulb ________ the room brightly at night. A. light B. lights C. lit D. to light 4. However, they disappeared when the light went out. 然而，当火焰熄灭时，它们就消失了。 (教材P96 Activity2） go out 意为“(火或灯光) 熄灭”。 E.g. Suddenly, the candle went out. 蜡烛突然熄灭了。 拓展：go out的其他意思 go out 外出(尤指为了娱乐) go out (比赛或体育运动) 被淘汰，出局 go out 不再流行；不再使用 E.g. Let's go out for pizza tonight! 今晚出去吃比萨饼吧! She went out of the tournament in the first round. 她在锦标赛的第一轮比赛中就被淘汰了。 This style went out years ago. 这种风格多年前就过时了。 辨析：go out和put out 短语 意思 用法 go out (火或灯光)熄灭 指火、灯等自行熄灭(非人为) put out 扑灭(火); 熄灭(香烟) 主动使火、灯等熄灭(人为干预) E. g. The candle went out suddenly. 蜡烛突然熄灭了。 The firefighters put out the fire quickly. 消防员迅速扑灭了大火。 【即时练习】She wants ___________ (not go) out at night. 5. The next morning, people found the girl lying against the wall, dead. 第二天早晨，人们发现女孩倚靠在墙边，死了。 (教材P96 Activity2） 1) lie, 动词，意为“(人或动物) 躺；平躺；平卧”。其词形变化为： 第三人称单数形式 过去式 现在分词 lies lay lying E.g. The cat lies on the sofa every afternoon. 这只猫每天下午躺在沙发上。 Yesterday she lay in bed for hours. 昨天她在床上躺了数小时。 The cat is lying on the sofa now. 这只猫此刻正躺在沙发上。 拓展：① lie作动词时的其他意思及用法 lie (物品)平放 lie (城镇、自然特征等)位于；坐落在 lie说谎；撒谎；编造谎言 lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 lie about (doing) sth. 谎称(做)某事 E.g. Clothes were lying all over the floor. 地板上到处都堆放着衣服。 The town lies on the coast. 这座小镇位于海滨。 Don't lie to your parents! 别对父母撒谎! She lies about her age. 她谎报自己的年龄。 ② lie还可作名词，意为“谎言；谎话”。其相关短语有： tell a lie 撒谎 a white lie善意的小谎言 E.g. It's wrong to tell a lie. 撒谎是不对的。 I told a white lie to make her happy. 我说了个善意的小谎言让她开心。 2) against, 介词，意为“紧靠；倚”。 E.g. She leaned against the wall. 她倚靠着墙。 链接：against的其他意思 against 反对，与……相反；逆；违反 against 对……不利 against 碰；撞 against 以……为背景；衬托 E.g. Our team played against Class 5. 我们班和五班比赛。 Her age is against her. 她的年龄对她不利。 The rain beat against the window. 雨点击打着窗户。 His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。 归纳：against的相关短语 短语 意思 用法 fight against 对抗；与……斗/抗争 后接名词/动名词，表抵抗对象。 go against 违背，违反(信仰、原则等); (决定、判决等)对……不利 强调违背原则或结果不利。 lean against 倚靠；斜靠在……· 后接具体物体，表物理依靠。 protect against 防御；使免受 后接威胁性事物，如疾病、危险等。 turn against (使)与……反目成仇，变得敌对 强调立场的对立转变。 E.g. We should fight against pollution. 我们要对抗污染。 Cheating goes against school rules. 作弊违反校规。 He leaned against the wall sadly. 他沮丧地倚着墙。 A strong password protects against hackers. 强密码能防止黑客入侵。 His friend turned against him. 他的朋友与他反目成仇了。 3) dead, 形容词，意为“死的；失去生命的”。 E.g. My mother is dead; she died in 2017. 我母亲不在了，她是2017年去世的。 拓展：dead的其他意思 dead 枯萎的 / (机器或设备因为缺电)不运行的，不转动的 dead leaves/wood/skin 枯叶；枯木；死皮 E.g. The phone battery is dead. 手机电池没电了。 辨析：die, died, dying, dead和death 单词 词性 意思 用法 die 动词 死 强调动作发生，描述生命结束的瞬间动作。 died 动词 死了 die的过去式，指过去发生的动作。 dying 动词或 形容词 消失；消亡；垂死的 die的现在分词，表示动作进行中，强调“濒临死亡”。作形容词时，多用于名词前。 dead 形容词 已死的 强调死亡后的持续状态。 death 名词 死亡 抽象名词，指死亡事件本身或抽象概念。 E.g. Flowers die without water. 花设水会死。 His goldfish died yesterday. 他的金鱼昨天死了。 The old customs are dying.（作动词）旧的习俗正在消亡。 The dying plant needs sun.（作形容词）垂死的植物需要阳光。 They found a dead bird. 他们发现了一只死去的鸟。 The death of the hero made us sad. 英雄的死亡让我们难过 【即时练习】1) Look! There is a dog ________ (lie) on the ground. 2) —I can’t reach the ball ________ the roof. —You can put a ladder ________ the wall and climb up. A. on; over B.in; over C. on; against D. in; across 3) Without sunlight, plants will ________. We felt sad at the _______ of the little tree in our garden. A. die; death B.death; die C. dying; dead D. died; death 6. One day, a fox invited a stork to his home for dinner. 一天，狐狸邀请鹳到他家吃晚饭。 (教材P97 Activity2） invite, 动词，意为“邀请”, 表达一种客气的邀请或请求，希望对方参与某个活动或做某件事。 invite sb. to sp. 意为“邀请某人到某地”。 E.g. He invited me to his birthday party. 他邀请我去他的生日派对。 拓展：① invite的相关短语 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. for sth. 邀请某人(来/去)……(目的/事物) E.g. She invited me to have dinner at her house. 她邀请我去她家吃晚饭。 She invited us for coffee. 她邀请我们去喝咖啡。 ② invitation是invite的名词形式，意为“(口头或书面的)邀请；请柬；请帖”。 E.g. Thank you for your kind invitation. 谢谢你的盛情邀请。 【即时练习】Mike invited us ________ to his birthday party. He hoped that we would have a good time! A. go B. went C. going D. to go 7. Feeling hungry and angry, the stork left for home. 鹳又饿又怒，飞回了家。 (教材P97 Activity2） leave for sp. 意为“动身前往某地”, 强调所前往的目的地。此时leave在这里作动词，意为“离开(某人或某处)”。 E.g. Lili decided to leave for Shanghai right now. 丽丽决定现在就动身去上海。 拓展：leave的相关用法 leave+地点 离开某地 leave+地点+for+地点 离开某地去某地 E.g. He left Beijing yesterday. 昨天他离开了北京。 The plane leaves Beijing for America at 1:35 p.m. 飞机于下午1:35离开北京飞往美国。 归纳：leave作动词时的其他意思 leave 遗弃；丢弃 leave忘了带；丢下 leave发布；记下；写下；留下 leave不立刻做；不马上处理 leave 把……留交；交托；委托 leave(去世时)遗赠，遗留 E.g. She will leave if she knows the truth. 她知道真相后会离开。 I've left my bag on the bus. 我把包落在公共汽车上了。 Lots of people had left comments under the post. 很多人在帖子下面留言了。 Leave the dishes—I'll do them later. 盘子先搁着吧，我等会儿再洗。 You can leave the cooking to me. 你可以把做饭的事交给我。 She left 1 million yuan to her daughter. 她给女儿遗留了100万元。 【即时练习】—I’ll ________ Beijing for a meeting tomorrow. When I get there, I will call you. —When will you ________ home? Let me take you to the airport. A. leave for; leave for B. leave for; leave C. leave; leave for D. leave; leave 8. The fox's small mouth prevented him from eating anything, while the stork enjoyed the meal easily by using his long beak. 狐狸的小嘴巴让它什么都吃不到，而鹳则用长喙轻松享用了这顿饭。 (教材P97 Activity2） prevent sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”, 强调因外部因素导致某人无法完成某个动作或某件事。 E.g. The rain prevented us from playing football. 下雨阻止了我们踢足球。 辨析：prevent sb. from doing sth., stop sb. from doing sth.和keep sb. from doing sth. 短语 意思 用法 prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止/预防/防止某人做某事 常用于客观描述，如规则、科学、健康等。强调未发生前主动避免。 stop sb. (from) doing sth. 制止某人做某事 常用于突发或进行中的行为，强调行动干预。 keep sb. From doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 暗示一种持续的阻碍状态，强调“使……无法做”。 E.g. Raincoats prevent us from getting wet. (客观功能)雨衣能防止我们淋湿。 The teacher stopped the students from running in the hallway. (当场阻止)老师制止了学生们在走廊奔跑。 Noise kept me from sleeping last night. (持续干扰)噪声让我昨晚无法入睡。 注意：在口语中，stop和prevent 后的 from有时可省略，而keep后面的from绝不能省! E.g. She stopped him (from) jumping.(√) 她阻止他跳。 She prevented him (from )jumping.(√) 她阻止他跳。 She kept him from jumping.(√) 她阻止他跳。 She kept him jumping. 她让他继续跳。 【即时练习】The heavy rain didn’t prevent the students ________ to the library. A. for going B. from going C. to go D. of going Theme Reading 1. The play includes more than 60 interesting characters from all walks of life. 这部话剧塑造了60多个来自各行各业的有趣角色。 (教材P98 Activity 2） from all walks of life 意为“来自各行各业；来自不同社会阶层”, 通常修饰人，强调人群的多样性。 E.g. The charity helps people from all walks of life. 这个慈善机构帮助各行各业的人。 The festival attracts people from all walks of life. 这个节日吸引了来自不同社会阶层的人。 【即时练习】我们收到了很多来自社会各界的捐赠。 We received a lot of donations ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 2. He gets along well with people and keeps the teahouse running in the changing times. 他与人相处融洽，并在时代变迁中维持着茶馆的运营。 (教材P98 Activity 2） run, 动词，意为“管理；经营”。 E.g. My parents run a small restaurant. 我父母经营着一家小餐馆。 归纳：run作动词时的其他意思 E.g. The college runs summer courses for foreign students. 这所大学为外国学生开设暑期课程。 Buses to Oxford run every half hour. 到牛津的公交车每半个小时发一趟。 The machine runs smoothly. 机器运转顺畅。 The river runs through our town. 这条河流穿过我们小镇。 She's running for class monitor. 她正在竞选班长。 链接：run的相关短语 run after sb. 追逐；追赶；追求某人 run away (from) 逃跑；逃离 run out of sth. 用完，耗尽(供应品) run into sb. 碰见；偶然遇见 run around with sb.= run with sb. 与(某人)厮混；互相往来 E.g. The cute dog loves to run after balls in the park. 这只可爱的小狗喜欢在公园里追球。 The thief ran away quickly. 小偷快速逃跑了。 We ran out of sugar. 我们的糖用完了。 Guess who I ran into today! 猜猜我今天碰见谁了! She used to run around with a noisy group, but now she studies more. 她以前常和一群吵闹的人玩，但现在更爱学习了。 拓展：run还可作名词，其意思为： run 跑；跑步；跑步的时间(或距离) / 一段(幸运或倒霉的)时光；一系列(成功或失败) E.g. Let's go for a run. 我们去跑步吧。 a run of good luck 一连串的好运 【即时练习】这台新机器比旧的那台运行得更顺畅。 The new machine ________ more smoothly than the old one. 3. The play came out in the 1950s and it is still popular both at home and abroad. 这部话剧于20世纪50年代问世，至今仍在国内外广受欢迎。 (教材P99 Activity 2） 。 1) come out意为“出版；发行；发表”, 常用于书籍、电影、音乐等作品的发行和推出。 E.g. His new book came out last month and many people love it. 他的新书上个月出版了，很多人喜欢。 拓展：come out的其他意思 E.g. The rain stopped and the sun came out. 雨停后太阳出来了。 The daffodils came out early this year. 水仙花今年开得早。 The full story came out at the trial. 案情始末在审判时真相大白。 Her best qualities come out in a crisis. 她的优秀品质在危难之际显示了出来。 As for me, the words wouldn't come out. 至于我，这话怎么也说不出口。 It's a pity that he came out against the plan. 遗憾的是，他公开表示反对这个计划。 2) at home and abroad 意为“国内外”, 常在句中作状语，可置于句末或动词后，说明动作涉及的范围。 E.g. Chinese food is popular at home and abroad. 中餐在国内外都很受欢迎。 【即时练习】1) — Do you know ________ the new book will ________? — Next month. A. what; go out B. when; go out C. when; come out D. why; come out 2) 在这次活动中，我们可以选择自己最喜欢的中外著作，如《傅雷家书》、《小王子》等。 In this activity, we can choose our favorite works ________ ________ ________ ________, such as “Fu Lei’s Letters”, “The Little Prince”, and so on. 4. It is amazing that the drama has only one scene but is still so interesting. 令人大为惊奇的是，这部戏剧虽然只有一个场景，但却仍然如此有趣。 (教材P99 Activity 4） 这是一个由主语从句充当主语的复合句。主语从句常由连词(that、whether)、连接代词、连接副词等引导。为了避免主语过长，尤其是陈述句作主语从句时，通常用it作句子的形式主语，位于句首，而将主语从句移至句末。 E.g. It's amazing that she can speak 5 languages. 她会说5种语言真是令人惊奇。 【即时练习】To learn English well is very important for us. (改为同义句) ________ is very inportant for us __________ English well. Grammar in Use 1. The little match girl was so tired that she sat down in the corner and soon fell asleep. 卖火柴的小女孩太累了，她在角落里坐下，很快就睡着了。(教材P100 Activity 2） 1) sit down意为“坐着；坐下；就座”, 指从站立或行走的状态转为坐下的动作。 E.g. The teacher said, "Sit down, please!” 老师说：“请坐下!” 2) asleep, 形容词，意为“睡着”, 通常不放在名词前。 fall asleep 意为“入睡；睡着”, 是不及物动词短语，后不可接宾语。强调从清醒到睡着的自然过程，可用soon/quickly等词修饰。 E.g. The baby fell asleep quickly after drinking milk. 宝宝喝完奶后很快就睡着了。 【即时练习】—What do you often do before you go to bed? —I listen to some gentle music. It helps me _________ soon. A. get down B. fall asleep C. wake upn 2. Tang Sanzang is often worried about Sun Wukong because Sun keeps on causing trouble. 唐三藏经常担心孙悟空，因为孙悟空总是惹麻烦。 (教材P100 Activity 2） be worried about意为“对……感到担心”, 指对某人或某事感到忧虑、不安。 E.g. My mom is always worried about my grades. 我妈妈总是担心我的成绩。 辨析：be worried about和worry about be worried about “对……感到担心”，形容词短语，侧重心理状态。 worry about “担心；担忧”，动词短语，侧重动作或行为。 E.g. She is worried about her sick cat. (状态) 她担心她生病的猫。 Don’t worry about the test. (行为) 别担心考试。 【即时练习】He ________ his sick mother and his job also ________ him. A. worries about; worries about B. worries; worries about B. worries about; worries D. worries; worries 3. He wants to prove himself, so he goes on a long journey at sea and fights against a huge fish for 84 days. 他想证明自己，于是他踏上了漫长的海上之旅，并与一条大鱼搏斗了84天。 (教材P100 Activity 3） 1) prove oneself 意为“(向某人)展现，展示，证明(自己的实力)”。 E.g. The young player wants to prove himself in the match. 这位年轻选手想在比赛中证明自己。 2) go on sth. 意为“去做(某事)”。 E.g. They decided to go on a trip to Europe. 他们决定去欧洲旅行。 拓展：go on的其他意思 E.g. The noise goes on 24 hours a day. 噪声一天24小时不消停。 As a matter of fact, I don't know what's going on. 事实上，我不知道发生了什么事情。 Go on, I'm listening. 接着说呀，我在听呢。 Go on, have another piece of cake. 来吧，再吃一块蛋糕。 The heat goes on automatically at 6 o'clock. 6点开始自动供暖。 As time went on, I grew fond of him. 随着时间的推移，我慢慢开始喜欢他了。 链接：go on doing sth. 意为“继续做；继续下去”, 表示“中断后继续做原来的事”或“持续进行某事(未中断)”,强调动作的延续性。 E.g. Although it was raining, the workers went on working. 虽然下雨了，但工人们还在继续工作。 【即时练习】1) — Why did the young man take part in the talent show? — He wanted to ________ to everyone that he could do it well. A. prove himself B. enjoy himself C. teach himself D. help himself 2) After a short break, the tired climbers went on ___________ (climb) to the top of the mountain. 4. I'm wondering whether you'd like to watch it or not. 我想知道你是否想看。(教材P101 Activity 1） whether...or not 意为“是否……”。用于引出两种可能性，强调不确定的情况。常用于： 宾语从句中(动词后) 宾语从句中(介词后) 表语从句中(be动词后) E.g. I don't know whether he will come or not. (动词后) 我不知道他是否会来。 She worried about whether her son wassafe or not. (介词后) 她担心她儿子是否安全。 The question is whether we should go or not. (be动词后) 问题是我们是否该去。 注意：① whether可与if互换，但若尾句有or not, 则不能与if互换； ② 句尾的or not可以省略，意思不变； ③ 不要和名词weather(天气) 混淆。 【即时练习】I don’t know _________ he will come tomorrow. ________ he comes, I will tell you. A. if; Whether B. whether; If C. that; If 5. It depends on whether the girl like sthe drama or not. 这取决于这个女孩是否喜欢这部戏剧。(教材P101 Activity 2） depend on意为“取决于”。 E.g. —Will you go swimming tomorrow? 明天去游泳吗? —It depends on whether it's sunny. 取决于天气是否晴朗。 拓展：depend on的其他意思 depend on依靠，依赖；此时可与rely on互换 depend on信赖，相信 E.g. Children depend on their parents for food and love. 孩子依赖父母提供食物和关爱。 To be honest, you can depend on Jane—she always keeps her promise. 老实说，你可以相信简——她一向都信守诺言。 【即时练习】未来的绿色生活，需要依靠我们每一个人的努力。(depend on) The green life in the future needs to ________ ________ everyone’s efforts. 6. Especially, they are curious about why he often gets into trouble and how he manages to get out of it. 他们尤其好奇他为何经常陷入困境又如何摆脱困境。(教材P101 Activity 3） get into trouble意为“陷入困境，惹上麻烦”。主语一般是人或物，后面可接with sb.意为“和某人发生矛盾”。此时trouble在这里作不可数名词，意为“困境；险境”。 E.g. If you break the rules, you'll get into trouble. 如果你违反规则，你将会惹上麻烦。 The boy got into trouble with his teacher for being late. 男孩因迟到和老师闹得不愉快。 【即时练习】If my best friends ________, I will help them without thinking twice. A. will get into trouble B. get into trouble C. gets into trouble D. got into trouble Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. But, why? Because he would not lie to his master! 但是，为什么呢? 因为他绝不会对他的师父撒谎! (教材103 Activity 2） lie to sb. 意为“对某人说谎；欺骗某人”。此时lie在这里作动词，意为“说谎；撒谎；编造谎言”。 E.g. Never lie to your parents. 永远不要对你的父母撒谎。 注意：lie作动词时的意思不同，其形式、变化也有所不同，具体如下： 意思 三单 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 说谎 lies lied lied lying 位于 lies lay lain lying 躺下 E.g. The town lies in a small wooded valley. 该城镇坐落于一个林木茂盛的山谷中。 He lied to his parents about where he was last night. 他昨晚对父母撒了谎，隐瞒了自己的去向。 Don't lie in the sun for too long. 不要在日光下躺太长时间。 For a few minutes he just lay there. 有几分钟，他就只是躺在那里。 The cat has lain on the sofa all morning. 那只猫一早上都躺在沙发上。 He was lying on the bed reading a book. 他正躺在床上看书。 拓展：① lie还可作名词，其用法如下： lie作可数名词，意为“谎言，假话”。 give the lie to sth. 意为“揭穿某事的谎言”。 the lie of the land. 意为“(某一时期)形势的发展，情况的变化”。 E.g. I always know when he's telling lies. 他一说谎，我就知道。 This report gives the lie to the company's claims. 这份报告表明公司的说法不属实。 I'll talk to him and get the lie of the land. 我会和他谈谈，了解一下情况。 ② lie意为“谎言”时的相关短语 tell a lie (口)说错了；撒谎 believe a lie 相信谎言 spread a lie 散布谎言 a(n) complete/total/outright lie 彻底的/完全的谎言 a downright lie 十足的谎言(尤用于表示愤怒) a pack of lies (非正式)一派谎言, 谎话连篇 E.g. It was ¥25, no, tell a lie, ¥35. 是25元，不对，说错了，是35元。 How could you believe his lies? 你怎么会听信他的谎言? How dare you spread such vicious lies? 你怎么敢散布如此恶毒的谎言。 The whole thing was a complete lie. 这整件事完全是一派谎言。 That's a downright lie. I never said it! 那是彻头彻尾的谎言。我从没说过这样的话! Everything he had told me was a pack of lies. 他告诉我的一切都是一派谎言。 【即时练习】1) He's so tired．He should ________ down and ________ some rest． A. lie；to get B. to lie；get C. to lie；to get D. lie；get 2) You can  _______  her. She never ________ anyone. A. believe in, tell lies to B. believe, tells lies C. trust, tells a lie to D. trust, tells a lie 2. In a word, Sun Wukong is a popular hero among people of all ages. 总之，孙悟空是深受各年龄段人群喜爱的英雄人物。 (教材103 Activity 2） of all ages意为“各个年龄段的”, 通常放在它所修饰的名词后面作后置定语。 E.g. He has friends of all ages. 他有各个年龄段的朋友。 归纳：age的相关短语 at the age of+基数词 = at age+基数词 在…岁的时候 for one's age对于某人这个年纪来说 come of age 成年；达到法定年龄 at one's age在某人这个年纪 in middle/old age 在中年/老年 基数词+years of age = 基数词+years old …...岁 E.g. She is very tall for her age. 以她的年龄来说，她个子很高。 In many countries, you come of age at 18. 在许多国家，你年满18岁就算成年了。 At my age, it's quite difficult getting up the stairs. 到我这年纪，上楼梯就很费劲了。 He was in late middle age. 他已步入中年后期。 My grandpa often told stories about his dog when he was in old age. 我爷爷晚年时，总讲他那只狗的故事。 【即时练习】各个年龄段的人都应该关心自己的健康。 People ________ ________ ________ should care about their health. 3. He will always hold a special place in my heart as my favorite story character. 作为我最喜爱的故事角色，他将永远在我的心中占据着特殊的位置。(教材103 Activity 2） in one's heart意为“在某人心底里；在某人内心深处”, 表达内心深处的感情、信念和重要的人或物。 E.g. My grandma has passed away, but she will always be in my heart. 我奶奶虽然去世了，但她永远在我心里。 归纳：heart的相关短语 by heart单凭记忆；能背诵 heart to heart 坦诚地，推心置腹地 lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 take sth. to heart 把某事放在心上；为某事耿耿于怀 be in good heart (正式)情绪高昂；兴高采烈 with all one's heart 全心全意地，真心实意地 E.g. Don't lose heart if you fail the test! Just study harder next time. 如果考试没考好，别灰心!下次更努力学习就好了。 The teacher's advice was very helpful, and I took it to heart. 老师的建议很有帮助，我把它记在心里了。 The team are in good heart and ready for the season's matches. 这支球队情绪高昂，已准备好迎接本赛季的比赛。 We sang the hymn with all our hearts. 我们虔诚地唱了赞美诗。 【即时练习】我知道，在内心深处，他依然爱着这个城市。 I know that, ________ ________ ________, he still loves this city. Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. To read a poem, find a quiet space and clear your mind. 想要读一首诗，你要找一个安静的地方，放空你的思绪。 (教材P106 Activity 2） clear one's mind意为“让头脑放松；使头脑清醒”, 强调主动清除脑中杂念，可与clear one's head互换。此时clear在这里作动词，意为“(使)变清醒，变清晰”。 E.g. —Before exams, take a deep breath to clear your mind. 考试前深呼吸，放空思绪。 —OK. Thank you. 好的。谢谢。 拓展：clear作动词时的相关意思 E.g. Within minutes, police had cleared the area.几分钟之内警察就完成了清场。 Mr. Luo was cleared after new evidence was produced. 提出新的证据后，罗先生得以洗清嫌疑。 Cheques usually take three working days to clear. 兑换支票通常需要3个工作日。 He was cleared by doctors to resume skating in August. 他得到医生的许可，8月份重新开始滑冰。 The haze usually clears by lunchtime. 一般到了中午时分雾霭就会散去。 The plane barely cleared the fence at the end of the runway. 飞机勉强越过了跑道尽头的围栏。 She cleared ¥1,000 on the deal. 她在那笔交易中净赚1000元。 链接：clear作形容词时的相关意思 E.g. They won by a clear majority. 他们以明显的多数票获胜。 The radio reception isn't very clear. 收音机的接收效果不太好。 I get ¥1,000 a week clear. 我每周的净收入为1000元。 —Next Monday is clear; how about ten o'clock in the morning? 下周一有空，上午10点钟如何? —OK. 好的。 Allow three clear days for delivery. 要留出整整三天的送货时间。 Wait to cross until the street is clear of cars. 等到街上没有汽车时再走过去。 归纳：mind的相关短语 E.g. —Did you have anyone in mind for the job? 你心中有做这份工作的合适人选吗? —No. 没有。 It's a good idea—I'll keep it in mind. 这是个好主意——我会放在心上的。 —Most gardens designed with children in mind are safe but dull. 大多数在设计上考虑到儿童的花园都很安全，但却单调乏味。 —But safety is the most important. 但是安全是最重要的。 He looks as though he had something on his mind. 他看起来仿佛有心事。 I just can't seem to get her out of my mind. 我好像忘不掉她。 It never crossed my mind that Lisa might be lying. 我从来没想过丽莎可能是在撒谎。 She knew what was going through his mind. 她知道他想到了什么。 He must have been out of his mind to employ her. 他准是疯了，竟会雇用她。 —Sorry, I'm late! 抱歉，我迟到了! —Never mind! 没关系! 【即时练习】散步可以帮助我放空思绪。 Taking a walk can help me ________ ________ ________. 2. A poem always encourages a dialog with nature or emotion, and you are likely to find something new each time you read. 一首诗总能引发与自然的对话或情感的共鸣，每次阅读你都可能会发现一些新的东西。(教材P106 Activity 2） likely, 形容词，意为“很可能的，预料中的；有希望的”。 be likely to do sth.意为“很可能做某事”。 E.g. Snow showers are likely tomorrow. 明天可能有阵雪。 It's cloudy today. It is likely to rain. 今天多云，很可能会下雨。 拓展：① likely作形容词时的其他意思及用法 likely (仅用于名词前)合适的，l恰当的 a likely story (口)说得像真的似的 (用于告诉某人你不相信他刚才说的话) E.g. One likely source of energy is wind power. 有一种合适的能源就是风能。 ② likely还可作副词，其用法有： as likely as not / most likely / very likely 大概，很可能 not likely! (口，尤英)才不呢!不可能!(表示强烈反对或断言某事不会发生) E.g. I'd very likely have done the same thing in your situation. 我要是处在你这种情况，也很有可能会那样做的。 —He said you'd be giving them a lift. 他说你会让他们搭便车。 —Not likely! 才不呢! 【即时练习】1）It‘s cloudy and windy. It ________ to rain later this afternoon. A. likely B. is likely C. is like D. likes 2）如果你努力学习，你很可能会通过这次考试。 If you study hard, you ________ ________ ________ pass the exam. 3. Wait a second. 稍等一下。 (教材P107 Activity 3） wait a second是口语化表达，常意为“稍等一下”, 可与wait a minute/moment互换。其用法及意思如下： wait a second 等一下，慢着(用于叫某人别离开或不要立刻做某事) wait a second等等，且慢(用于打断别人的话，尤因有不同的意见) wait a second 等等(用于突然想到、记起或注意到某事物) E.g. —Wait a second! I'll get my coat and come with you. 等一下，我拿上大衣和你一起去。 —OK. 好的。 Wait a second! That's not what we agreed! 等等!我们原先说好的不是这样的! 【即时练习】等等，我有个更好的主意。 ________ ________ ________! I've got a better idea. 4. At the same time, Li Bai writes about love, sharing his feelings and happiness when he is with someone special. 与此同时，李白还写下了关于爱情的篇章，分享了他和心爱之人在一起时的感受和喜悦。(教材P107 Activity 4） 1) 句型结构： 2) be with意为“与……在一起”。 E.g. I feel safe when I am with my family. 和家人在一起时我感到安全。 拓展：be with的相关用法 be with me/you 能理解……讲的话 be with sb. (on sth.) 支持；与……站在一起；同意……说的话 E.g. I’m afraid I’m not quite with you. 对不起，我不太懂你的意思。 Don't worry. I am with you. 别担心，我支持你。 【即时练习】无论发生什么，我会和你在一起。 Whatever happens, I’ll ________ ________ you. 单元语法 后缀-ed和-ing 1. 后缀-ed和-ing 在英语中，部分动词加后缀-ed或-ing可转化为形容词。 1) 规则 构成 意思 由部分动词加上-ed构成 表示主语(人)的感受或状态。 由部分动词加上-ing构成 表示事物的性质或特征，常用来修饰物。 E.g. After the run, we are tired. 跑完步后，我们感到疲惫。 The tiring long-distance run makes us sweat. 这场令人疲惫的长跑让我们出汗。 2) 后缀-ed和-ing构成的形容词 人的感受(-ed) 事物特性(-ing) amazed 大为惊奇 amazing 令人大为惊奇的 bored (对某人/某事物)厌倦的 boring 令人厌倦/厌烦的 excited 激动的；兴奋的 exciting 令人激动的；使人兴奋的 interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的 surprised 惊讶的 surprising 令人吃惊的 tired 疲倦的 tiring 令人困倦的 worried 担忧的 worrying 令人担忧的 E.g. We are amazed at the magician's skills. 我们对魔术师的技艺感到惊叹。 The amazing magic show makes everyone cheer. 这场令人惊叹的魔术表演让所有人欢呼。 He feels bored when waiting in line. 他排队时感到无聊。 The boring lecture makes students yawn. 这场无聊的讲座让学生们打哈欠。 They sounded excited to hear from him. 他们收到他的信好像很兴奋。 The exciting football match attracts millions of people. 这场令人兴奋的足球赛吸引了数百万人。 She is surprised at the birthday gift. 她对这份生日礼物感到惊讶。 The surprising news spreads quickly. 这条令人惊讶的消息传播得很快。 Parents are worried about kids' safety. 父母为孩子们的安全感到担忧。 The worrying weather may cause floods. 这令人担忧的天气可能会引发洪水。 口诀：人用-ed表感受，物用-ing说特点。 宾语从句(Ⅱ) 2. 宾语从句(Ⅱ) 1) 句法功能 功能 例句 作及物动词的宾语 She wanted to know when we would have the sports meeting. 她想知道我们什么时候举办运动会。 作介词的宾语 It all depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow. 这完全取决于明天的天气是否晴朗。 作系表结构的宾语 I am afraid that he will be late. 我恐怕他会迟到。 注意：宾语从句作系表结构的宾语时，主句中的表语多为表示情感、态度的形容词，如happy、sad、sure、afraid、sorry、glad、proud、thankful等。 E.g. I'm pretty sure that he'll agree. 他会同意的，对此我相当有把握。 I’m really glad that I don't have to go back there again. 我真高兴不用再回那儿了。 2) 引导词 引导词 用法 that ① 引导陈述句，表示事实或观点(口语中可省略，书面建议保留)。 ② that在句中无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。 if/whether 引导一般疑问句，都意为“是否”, 在从句中不充当成分，但是不可省略，通常情况下二者可互换。 连接代词(who、whom、whose、what、which、whatever等) 引导特殊疑问句，在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不可省略。 连接副词(when、where、why、how及how+形容词/副词 引导特殊疑问句，在宾语从句中充当状语，不可省略。) E.g. I know (that) you like swimming. 我知道你喜欢游泳。 He asked if/whether I was free. 他问我是否有空。 Do you know who won first place? 你知道谁得了第一名吗? Can you tell me where the library is? 你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗? 注意：只用whether不用if的情况 与or not连用时 引导介词后的宾语从句时 与动词不定式连用时 E.g. I don't know whether I should go there or not. 我不知道我是否该去那。 Let's talk about whether we should join the club. 我们讨论一下我们是否应该加入这个俱乐部。 He didn't decide whether to stay. 他没有决定是否要留下来。 注意：当whether从句置于句首且引导让步状语从句时，此时也不可与if互换。 E.g. Whether it will rain, Mom will take a numbrella. 不管会不会下雨，妈妈都会带伞。 3) 语序 宾语从句要用陈述语序，即按照“主语+谓语”的顺序。 E.g. I wonder what time the bus leaves. (√) 我想知道公交车几点开。 I wonder what time does the bus leave. (×) 注意：① 如果特殊疑问词作主语，这种特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，变为宾语从句时，语序保持不变。 E.g. She asked me who was my Chinese teacher. 她问我谁是我的语文老师。 ② 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，且谓语动词是think、believe、suppose等词时，若宾语从句表示否定，从句的否定词要转移到主句中(即否定前移)，而从句仍用肯定形式。 E.g. I don't think she likes running. 我认为她不喜欢跑步。 4) 时态呼应 主句时态 从句时态 现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时） 根据实际情况选择时态 过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时） 同时发生 → 一般过去时/过去进行时 之后发生 → 过去将来时 E.g. I know that he is a student. 我知道他是一名学生。 She says that she saw a movie yesterday. 她说她昨天看了一部电影。 He believes that it will rain tomorrow. 他认为明天要下雨。 He said he was tired. 他说他累了。 She told me she was going to call me later. 她告诉我她稍后会给我打电话。 注意：当从句表达的是客观事实、科学真理或一般规律时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。 E.g. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 老师告诉我们，地球绕着太阳转。 口诀：主现从随意；主过从相过；真理用一现。 5） 宾语从句的简化 情况 例句 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope、wish、decide、agree、choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。 I hope that I can receive your letter. → I hope to receive your letter. 我希望收到你的信。 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，引导词是连接词或连接副词，且主句的谓语动词是know、remember、forget、learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 She doesn't know whatsshe should do next. → She doesn't know what to do next. 她不知道下一步该做什么。 有些宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。 I don't believe what Tom said. → I don't believe Tom's words. 我不相信汤姆所说的话。 当tell、ask、show、teach等动词后面带双宾语，引导词是连接代词或连接副词，且从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 Could you tell me how I can get to the train station? →Could you tell me how to get to the train station? 你能告诉我如何去火车站吗? 语法知识点小测： 一、单词拼写。 1．The old couple were very ________ (excite) to find their favorite book again. 2．He just wondered _________ (是否) he could return to his hometown someday or not. 3．Can you give me a ________ (describe) of your new teacher? 4．The naughty boy completed the task ________ (patient) and this made other classmates unhappy. 5．In ________ (west) countries, people talk about “the man in the moon”! 6．Tony fell off the tree, but ________, he didn’t get hurt. (lucky) 7．The ending of the story is very ________ (touch). It stayed in my heart for a long time. 8．The teacher’s words were ________ (encourage). The students felt more confident about reading. 9．The ________ (frighten) look on the girl’s face showed that she was very afraid. 10．The children felt ________ (bore) at the beginning of the story, but later they became interested. 二、完成句子。 1．我不确定是否能按时完成作业。 I’m not ________ ________ I can finish the homework on time. 2．Could you tell me? How can I get to the nearest bus station?（合并成一个句子） Could you tell me ________ ________ ________ get to the nearest bus station? 3．Where will the lecture be held? Could you tell me? (改为宾语从句) Could you tell me ________ the lecture ________ be held? 4．I don’t know. What does he like doing in his free time? (合并成一个句子) I don’t know ________ ________ ________ doing in his free time. 5．孩子们对他如何摆脱麻烦很感兴趣。   Children are __________ in __________ he gets out of trouble. 6．我想知道是什么让你如此兴奋。   I want to know __________ __________ you so excited. 7．I know the leading role in this play is Lingling. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ ________ the leading role in this play is? 8．I asked Li Ming. Do you want to play basketball with me? (合并成一个句子) I asked Li Ming ________ or not he ________ to play basketball with me. 9．I think this is an exciting story.（改成否定句） I ________ ________ this ________ an exciting story. 10．你知道演出什么时候开始吗?   Do you know __________ the play __________? 三、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．I want to know _________ made you so happy yesterday. A．why B．what C．that D．if ( ) 2．My brother thinks maths is _________, but I find it very interesting. A．bored B．boring C．excited D．exciting ( ) 3．We are not sure ________ we should change the time of the physics experiment, since the lab is occupied in the afternoon. A．who B．if C．that D．what ( ) 4．—Could you tell me ________ the Sihong Wetland Park? —Sure. Take the No. 101 bus and it will take you right there. A．how can I get to B．how I can get to C．when can I get to D．when I can get to ( ) 5．—What do you think of the movie Future World?   —It’s fantastic! It shows us _______ our planet might look like in 50 years. A．when B．how C．what D．why ( ) 6．—I can’t decide ________ to start the plan, today or tomorrow? —You have grown up, try to make the ________ by yourself. A．how; difference B．when; decision C．when; mess D．who; effort ( ) 7．— Lucy, what does “Mend the pen after the sheep are lost” mean? — It tells us ________. A．why we must work hard every day B．what can we do to keep the sheep safe C．When should we buy a new pen D．what we should do when we make mistakes ( ) 8．The saying “When one door closes, another opens” tells us ________. A．when will we look on bright side B．what can we do to face trouble C．why we should never give up D．how we go out of the door ( ) 9．Did you hear ________ there would be a talent show next week? A．what B．that C．which D．if ( ) 10．The old couple looked _________ at their grandson who was reading a fairy tale. They felt _________ to see him so interested in books. A．happy; happily B．happy; happy C．happily; happy D．happily; happily ( ) 11．—I feel _________ after reading this poem. It’s so beautiful. —I agree. The poem really makes me _________. A．relaxing; relaxing B．relaxed; relaxed C．relaxing; relaxed D．relaxed; relaxing ( ) 12．It depends on _________ the little girl can sell all the matches or not. A．that B．if C．whether D．what ( ) 13．The teacher wondered _________. A．that he was late for class again B．what the main character’s name was C．why did he like reading fairy tales D．when would the book report be due ( ) 14．The little girl was so _________ that she fell asleep against the wall. A．tiring B．tired C．interesting D．interested ( ) 15．— Do you know ________? — Next Friday. A．when will we have the English test B．when we will have the English test C．where will we have the English test D．where we will have the English test 四、完形填空 My favorite story character is the Little Match Girl. She is a poor girl who tries to sell matches on a cold New Year’s Eve. She is cold and hungry, 1 she is afraid to go home. Her father will punish her if she does not sell all the matches. To warm herself, she lights the matches one by one. In the light, she sees 2 visions—a warm stove, a delicious feast, and her grandmother. The visions give her comfort. The story makes me 3 sad, but it also teaches me something important. I learn to be 4 for what I have and to care for those 5 need. Another character I like is Sun Wukong. He is the main character in Journey to the West. He is powerful and 6 . He can change into 72 forms. He protects his master all the way to the west. He is brave and can always 7 ideas to deal with difficulties. I like both characters because they show me different qualities. The Little Match Girl teaches me to keep 8 even in hard times. Sun Wukong teaches me to be brave and never 9 . Both of them will always hold a 10 place in my heart. ( ) 1．A．and B．but C．so ( ) 2．A．wonderful B．terrible C．common ( ) 3．A．feel B．sound C．taste ( ) 4．A．sad B．thankful C．sorry ( ) 5．A．at B．on C．in ( ) 6．A．energetic B．lazy C．quiet ( ) 7．A．come up with B．give up C．get along with ( ) 8．A．hope B．hopeful C．hoping ( ) 9．A．give up B．get up C．grow up ( ) 10．A．special B．common C．terrible 五、短文填空 Last Sunday, my class went to the science museum. We were all 1 (excite) about the trip. The guide told us something about robots. It was very 2 (interest). I wondered 3 robots could talk with people. The guide explained it clearly. Some robots could draw pictures. We felt very 4 (surprise) at their skills. One student asked the guide 5 these robots were made. He said they were made in big factories. I also wanted to know 6 a robot could help with our homework. The guide smiled and said it was possible in the future. The show was so 7 (amaze) that we forgot the time. On the way home, I kept thinking about 8 I saw in the museum. I felt really 9 (relax) and happy. I believe 10 technology will change our life greatly. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新仁爱八下 Unit12 The Wonderland of Literature单元知识梳理（背诵+讲解版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. Xu Yuanchong introduced Li Bai's poems to the world by translating them into English. 许渊冲通过将李白的诗翻译成英文，把它们介绍给了世界。 (教材P92 Activity 1 B） translate, 动词，意为“翻译；译；(使) 转变，变为”。 translate...into... 意为“把……翻译成……”, 其完整形式为translate+ from(语言A)+into(语言B)。 E.g. He translated the letter into English. 他把这封信译成了英文。 Can you translate this Chinese sentence into English? 你能把这个中文句子翻译成英语吗? Translate the text from Italian into English. 把这篇文章从意大利语翻译成英语。 拓展：translation, 名词，意为“翻译；翻译作品；译文；译本”。 E.g. She read the letter and gave us a rough translation. 她看了信，给我们大概翻译了一下。 Is this the English translation of A Dream of Red Mansions? 这是《红楼梦》的英文译本吗? 【即时练习】The Little Prince is such a popular storybook that has been translated ____D___ over 380 languages. A. from B. of C. at D. into Function 1. He fights against school bullying and grows into a strong man. 他与校园欺凌作斗争，成长为坚韧之人。 (教材P94 Activity 3） grow into意为“逐渐变为，发展成，成长为(某种类型的人或事物)”。 E.g. Ma Huan grew into a lovely girl. 马欢长成了一个可爱的姑娘。 拓展： grow into的其他意思 学着适应(某个工作或者某种情形)/长大可以穿(本来嫌大的衣服) E.g. She will grow into her new role over the next few months. 在今后的几个月里她会慢慢适应她的新角色。 This jacket is too big now, but you'll grow into it next year.这件夹克现在太大了，但你明年长大就能穿了。 链接：grow的其他意思 增多，增大，增强，增长/(人/动物)成长，长大/(植物)生长；种植/留长(头发或指甲)/逐渐变得；逐渐改变看法(产生某种感觉) E.g. Support for Mr.Zhang is growing. 张先生的支持率在上升。 Sales of new cars grew by 10% last year. 去年新车的销量增长了10%。 The number of students at the school has grown from 2,000 to over 3,000. 该学校的学生人数从2000名增加到了3000多名。 Chenchen seemed to grow taller every day. 晨晨好像一天比一天高。 The plants grow wild by the river. 这些植物在河边自然生长。 Many families own plots of land to grow food. 许多人家都有自己的小块土地种植粮食。 I've decided to grow my hair long. 我决定把头发留长。 The sound was growing louder. 声音越来越响。 After a while, the kids grew to like Mr. Li. 过了一会儿，孩子们开始喜欢李老师。 归纳：grow的相关短语 grow up长大成人；形成，兴起，发展 grow out (某人)让头发长长以变换发型 grow out of sth. 因长大而穿不进(原来的衣服); (因年龄增长而)戒除，改掉(某习惯); 产生于，源于 grow away from sb. 逐渐疏远某人；对某人的依赖(或关心)减少 E.g. Trading settlements grew up by the river. 河的两岸形成了一些贸易定居点。 I'm growing my fringe out. 我准备把刘海留长了。 He's already grown out of his school uniform. 他已长得穿不上他的校服了。 He loved cartoons but grew out of them. 他曾经喜欢卡通片，但长大后就不喜欢了。 His art grew out of his love for nature. 他的艺术作品源于他对大自然的热爱。 He grew away from his old friends after moving to a new city. 搬到新城市后，他和老朋友逐渐疏远了。 【即时练习】1) He ____grew____ (grow) into a tall boy last year. 2) 葵花籽会长成高大的植物。 The sunflower seeds will grow into tall plants. 2. We can learn that one can't go far without friendship and teamwork. 我们由此明白，失去友谊与协作，人终将难行远。 (教材P94 Activity 3） go far意为“（人）有远大前程”，指某人在事业、学业或人生目标上取得显著进步或达到高水平。 E.g. With her talent and hard work, she will go far in music. 凭借她的天赋和努力，她在音乐上会大有作为的。 归纳：go的相关短语 go ahead 开始；发生，进行；请吧；说吧 go along （无准备地）继续，进行；去参加，去往；进行，进展 go along with sb./sth. 同意，支持 go around 习惯于(某种行为或穿着);(疾病在某处)传播，流行 go away离开，走开；外出(度假等) go back回去，返回；追溯到；回想(过去的某个时候) go back on sth. 违背(诺言), 食(言) go back to sth. 重新开始，又接着做 go beyond sth. 超出，超过 go by (时间)过去 go down(水平、数量等)下降，下跌；(质量或标准)降低，下降 go off 离开，走(尤指为了做某事); 爆炸；开火 go on 继续做；继续下去；发生，进行 go out 外出(尤指为了娱乐); 熄灭 go over重复某事，练习某事；仔细考虑某事；仔细搜查(检查) go through 某物经受某事，经历某事(指困境、痛苦等) go up (价格、数量等)上升，增加；(水平)提高 E.g. They've decided to go ahead with plans to build 50 new houses on the site. 他们决定推进规划，在这块地上新建50栋住宅。 —Do you mind if I open the window? 我开窗你介意吗? —No, go ahead. 没关系，开吧。 He was making the story up as he went along. 他一边讲着故事，一边往下编。 I am happy to go along with the idea. 我乐意支持这个观点。 You can't go around accusing people like that. 你不能老是那样随便指责别人。 I'm going away on business. 我要出趟差。 The tradition goes back at least 100 years. 这个传统至少可以追溯到100年前。 Liu Yong claimed that the president had gone back on his words. 刘勇声称主席违背了诺言。 He went back to sleep. 他又入睡了。 Their relationship had gone beyond friendship. 他们已经超出了朋友关系。 His income went down last year. 去年他的收入减少了。 This neighborhood has really gone down in the last few years. 这个街区最近几年大不如前了。 Fireworks were going off there. 那里在燃放烟花。 I don't know what's going on. 我不知道发生了什么事情。 Are you going out tonight? 你今晚要出去吗? I had gone over the events of the day in my mind. 我心里反复琢磨白天发生的事情。 When you're going through a crisis, it often helps to talk to someone. 遇到危机的时候，找个人说说话往往很有帮助。 Train fares have gone up. 火车票涨价了。 【即时练习】如果你不想在森林里迷路，就请不要走远了。 If you don’t want to lose your way in the forest, please don’t go far away. Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. If she did not sell all the matches, her father would punish her. 如果她不能卖掉所有的火柴，她父亲就会惩罚她。 (教材P96 Activity2） punish, 动词，意为“处罚；惩罚”。后面常接被惩罚的人作其宾语。 E.g. Those responsible for this crime will be severely punished. 犯下这宗罪行的人将受到严厉的惩罚。 拓展：① punish的相关短语 punish sb. for (doing) sth. 因(做了)某事而惩罚某人 punish sb. by doing sth. 通过某种方式惩罚某人 E.g. Mom punished me for breaking the family rules. 妈妈因为我违反了家规而惩罚了我。 My parents used to punish me by not letting me watch TV. 过去我父母常以不让我看电视来惩罚我。 ② punishment, 名词，意为“惩罚；处罚；刑罚”。 E.g. The punishment should fit the crime. 罚宜当罪。 Under existing law, what is the punishment for murder? 根据现行法律，谋杀应处以什么刑罚? 【即时练习】1) If you ____B____ the school rules, the teacher will ________ you. A. follow; stop B. break; punish C. make; help D. change; praise 2) During the “March 15 Gala”, a famous brand (品牌) was punished ____C____ making false advertisements about its products. A. by B. of C. for D. with 2. "Perhaps a burning match will warm me up,” she thought. “也许一根燃烧着的火柴会让我暖和起来”, 她想。 (教材P96 Activity2） perhaps, 副词，意为“也许；可能；大概”。 E.g. Perhaps it will rain tomorrow. 也许明天会下雨。 归纳：perhaps和maybe 单词 词性 位置 意思 用法 perhaps 副词 可位于句首，句中或句尾 可能；大概；也许 位于实义动词前，助动词、情态动词、系动词后。 稍正式 maybe 口语化 E.g. He will perhaps come to the party. (实义动词前) 他也许会来参加派对。 This is perhaps the best ice cream in town! (系动词后) 这或许是镇上最好吃的冰激凌! —You could do it yourself. 你可以自己做。 —Yeah, perhaps. (位于句尾) 嗯，也行吧。 Maybe we should ask the teacher. (位于句首) 也许我们应该问问老师。 We go there maybe once or twice a month. (位于句中) 我们每月大概去那里一到两次。 I'll finish my homework tonight, maybe. (位于句尾) 我今晚会完成作业，也许吧。 【即时练习】He is busy now. ___Perhaps____ (perhaps) he will call you back later. 3. Quickly, she lit three matches. 她迅速点燃了三根火柴。 (教材P96 Activity2） light, 动词，意为“点燃；点火”。其过去式为lit，表示“点燃”的动作已完成。 E.g. She lit a match to see in the dark. 她点燃了一根火柴以便在黑暗中看清。 链接：light的其他词性及意思 light n. 光；光线；光亮 / 发光体；(尤指)电灯 light adj. 轻的；轻便的 / 浅色的；淡色的 / 明亮的；有自然光的 E.g. The light from the window is bright.（作名词）窗户照进来的光很亮。 Turn off the light when you leave. 离开时关灯。 This bag is very light.（作形容词）这个包很轻。 She wears a light blue dress. 她穿了一条浅蓝色的裙子。 —We'll leave in the morning as soon as it's light. 明天早晨天一亮我们就出发。 —OK. 好的。 拓展：light up (使)光亮，放光彩 / 喜形于色；喜气洋洋 E.g. The fireworks lit up the night sky. 烟花点亮了夜空。 A smile lit up her face. 她微微一笑，脸上露出了喜色。 【即时练习】The light bulb ____B____ the room brightly at night. A. light B. lights C. lit D. to light 4. However, they disappeared when the light went out. 然而，当火焰熄灭时，它们就消失了。 (教材P96 Activity2） go out 意为“(火或灯光) 熄灭”。 E.g. Suddenly, the candle went out. 蜡烛突然熄灭了。 拓展：go out的其他意思 go out 外出(尤指为了娱乐) go out (比赛或体育运动) 被淘汰，出局 go out 不再流行；不再使用 E.g. Let's go out for pizza tonight! 今晚出去吃比萨饼吧! She went out of the tournament in the first round. 她在锦标赛的第一轮比赛中就被淘汰了。 This style went out years ago. 这种风格多年前就过时了。 辨析：go out和put out 短语 意思 用法 go out (火或灯光)熄灭 指火、灯等自行熄灭(非人为) put out 扑灭(火); 熄灭(香烟) 主动使火、灯等熄灭(人为干预) E. g. The candle went out suddenly. 蜡烛突然熄灭了。 The firefighters put out the fire quickly. 消防员迅速扑灭了大火。 【即时练习】She wants ____not to go_____ (not go) out at night. 5. The next morning, people found the girl lying against the wall, dead. 第二天早晨，人们发现女孩倚靠在墙边，死了。 (教材P96 Activity2） 1) lie, 动词，意为“(人或动物) 躺；平躺；平卧”。其词形变化为： 第三人称单数形式 过去式 现在分词 lies lay lying E.g. The cat lies on the sofa every afternoon. 这只猫每天下午躺在沙发上。 Yesterday she lay in bed for hours. 昨天她在床上躺了数小时。 The cat is lying on the sofa now. 这只猫此刻正躺在沙发上。 拓展：① lie作动词时的其他意思及用法 lie (物品)平放 lie (城镇、自然特征等)位于；坐落在 lie说谎；撒谎；编造谎言 lie to sb. 对某人撒谎 lie about (doing) sth. 谎称(做)某事 E.g. Clothes were lying all over the floor. 地板上到处都堆放着衣服。 The town lies on the coast. 这座小镇位于海滨。 Don't lie to your parents! 别对父母撒谎! She lies about her age. 她谎报自己的年龄。 ② lie还可作名词，意为“谎言；谎话”。其相关短语有： tell a lie 撒谎 a white lie善意的小谎言 E.g. It's wrong to tell a lie. 撒谎是不对的。 I told a white lie to make her happy. 我说了个善意的小谎言让她开心。 2) against, 介词，意为“紧靠；倚”。 E.g. She leaned against the wall. 她倚靠着墙。 链接：against的其他意思 against 反对，与……相反；逆；违反 against 对……不利 against 碰；撞 against 以……为背景；衬托 E.g. Our team played against Class 5. 我们班和五班比赛。 Her age is against her. 她的年龄对她不利。 The rain beat against the window. 雨点击打着窗户。 His red clothes stood out clearly against the snow. 他的红衣服在白雪中格外显眼。 归纳：against的相关短语 短语 意思 用法 fight against 对抗；与……斗/抗争 后接名词/动名词，表抵抗对象。 go against 违背，违反(信仰、原则等); (决定、判决等)对……不利 强调违背原则或结果不利。 lean against 倚靠；斜靠在……· 后接具体物体，表物理依靠。 protect against 防御；使免受 后接威胁性事物，如疾病、危险等。 turn against (使)与……反目成仇，变得敌对 强调立场的对立转变。 E.g. We should fight against pollution. 我们要对抗污染。 Cheating goes against school rules. 作弊违反校规。 He leaned against the wall sadly. 他沮丧地倚着墙。 A strong password protects against hackers. 强密码能防止黑客入侵。 His friend turned against him. 他的朋友与他反目成仇了。 3) dead, 形容词，意为“死的；失去生命的”。 E.g. My mother is dead; she died in 2017. 我母亲不在了，她是2017年去世的。 拓展：dead的其他意思 dead 枯萎的 / (机器或设备因为缺电)不运行的，不转动的 dead leaves/wood/skin 枯叶；枯木；死皮 E.g. The phone battery is dead. 手机电池没电了。 辨析：die, died, dying, dead和death 单词 词性 意思 用法 die 动词 死 强调动作发生，描述生命结束的瞬间动作。 died 动词 死了 die的过去式，指过去发生的动作。 dying 动词或 形容词 消失；消亡；垂死的 die的现在分词，表示动作进行中，强调“濒临死亡”。作形容词时，多用于名词前。 dead 形容词 已死的 强调死亡后的持续状态。 death 名词 死亡 抽象名词，指死亡事件本身或抽象概念。 E.g. Flowers die without water. 花设水会死。 His goldfish died yesterday. 他的金鱼昨天死了。 The old customs are dying.（作动词）旧的习俗正在消亡。 The dying plant needs sun.（作形容词）垂死的植物需要阳光。 They found a dead bird. 他们发现了一只死去的鸟。 The death of the hero made us sad. 英雄的死亡让我们难过 【即时练习】1) Look! There is a dog _____lying____ (lie) on the ground. 2) —I can’t reach the ball ____C____ the roof. —You can put a ladder ________ the wall and climb up. A. on; over B.in; over C. on; against D. in; across 3) Without sunlight, plants will ___A___. We felt sad at the _______ of the little tree in our garden. A. die; death B.death; die C. dying; dead D. died; death 6. One day, a fox invited a stork to his home for dinner. 一天，狐狸邀请鹳到他家吃晚饭。 (教材P97 Activity2） invite, 动词，意为“邀请”, 表达一种客气的邀请或请求，希望对方参与某个活动或做某件事。 invite sb. to sp. 意为“邀请某人到某地”。 E.g. He invited me to his birthday party. 他邀请我去他的生日派对。 拓展：① invite的相关短语 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 invite sb. for sth. 邀请某人(来/去)……(目的/事物) E.g. She invited me to have dinner at her house. 她邀请我去她家吃晚饭。 She invited us for coffee. 她邀请我们去喝咖啡。 ② invitation是invite的名词形式，意为“(口头或书面的)邀请；请柬；请帖”。 E.g. Thank you for your kind invitation. 谢谢你的盛情邀请。 【即时练习】Mike invited us ____D____ to his birthday party. He hoped that we would have a good time! A. go B. went C. going D. to go 7. Feeling hungry and angry, the stork left for home. 鹳又饿又怒，飞回了家。 (教材P97 Activity2） leave for sp. 意为“动身前往某地”, 强调所前往的目的地。此时leave在这里作动词，意为“离开(某人或某处)”。 E.g. Lili decided to leave for Shanghai right now. 丽丽决定现在就动身去上海。 拓展：leave的相关用法 leave+地点 离开某地 leave+地点+for+地点 离开某地去某地 E.g. He left Beijing yesterday. 昨天他离开了北京。 The plane leaves Beijing for America at 1:35 p.m. 飞机于下午1:35离开北京飞往美国。 归纳：leave作动词时的其他意思 leave 遗弃；丢弃 leave忘了带；丢下 leave发布；记下；写下；留下 leave不立刻做；不马上处理 leave 把……留交；交托；委托 leave(去世时)遗赠，遗留 E.g. She will leave if she knows the truth. 她知道真相后会离开。 I've left my bag on the bus. 我把包落在公共汽车上了。 Lots of people had left comments under the post. 很多人在帖子下面留言了。 Leave the dishes—I'll do them later. 盘子先搁着吧，我等会儿再洗。 You can leave the cooking to me. 你可以把做饭的事交给我。 She left 1 million yuan to her daughter. 她给女儿遗留了100万元。 【即时练习】—I’ll ___B_____ Beijing for a meeting tomorrow. When I get there, I will call you. —When will you ________ home? Let me take you to the airport. A. leave for; leave for B. leave for; leave C. leave; leave for D. leave; leave 8. The fox's small mouth prevented him from eating anything, while the stork enjoyed the meal easily by using his long beak. 狐狸的小嘴巴让它什么都吃不到，而鹳则用长喙轻松享用了这顿饭。 (教材P97 Activity2） prevent sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”, 强调因外部因素导致某人无法完成某个动作或某件事。 E.g. The rain prevented us from playing football. 下雨阻止了我们踢足球。 辨析：prevent sb. from doing sth., stop sb. from doing sth.和keep sb. from doing sth. 短语 意思 用法 prevent sb. (from) doing sth. 阻止/预防/防止某人做某事 常用于客观描述，如规则、科学、健康等。强调未发生前主动避免。 stop sb. (from) doing sth. 制止某人做某事 常用于突发或进行中的行为，强调行动干预。 keep sb. From doing sth. 阻止某人做某事 暗示一种持续的阻碍状态，强调“使……无法做”。 E.g. Raincoats prevent us from getting wet. (客观功能)雨衣能防止我们淋湿。 The teacher stopped the students from running in the hallway. (当场阻止)老师制止了学生们在走廊奔跑。 Noise kept me from sleeping last night. (持续干扰)噪声让我昨晚无法入睡。 注意：在口语中，stop和prevent 后的 from有时可省略，而keep后面的from绝不能省! E.g. She stopped him (from) jumping.(√) 她阻止他跳。 She prevented him (from )jumping.(√) 她阻止他跳。 She kept him from jumping.(√) 她阻止他跳。 She kept him jumping. 她让他继续跳。 【即时练习】The heavy rain didn’t prevent the students ____B____ to the library. A. for going B. from going C. to go D. of going Theme Reading 1. The play includes more than 60 interesting characters from all walks of life. 这部话剧塑造了60多个来自各行各业的有趣角色。 (教材P98 Activity 2） from all walks of life 意为“来自各行各业；来自不同社会阶层”, 通常修饰人，强调人群的多样性。 E.g. The charity helps people from all walks of life. 这个慈善机构帮助各行各业的人。 The festival attracts people from all walks of life. 这个节日吸引了来自不同社会阶层的人。 【即时练习】我们收到了很多来自社会各界的捐赠。 We received a lot of donations from all walks of life. 2. He gets along well with people and keeps the teahouse running in the changing times. 他与人相处融洽，并在时代变迁中维持着茶馆的运营。 (教材P98 Activity 2） run, 动词，意为“管理；经营”。 E.g. My parents run a small restaurant. 我父母经营着一家小餐馆。 归纳：run作动词时的其他意思 E.g. The college runs summer courses for foreign students. 这所大学为外国学生开设暑期课程。 Buses to Oxford run every half hour. 到牛津的公交车每半个小时发一趟。 The machine runs smoothly. 机器运转顺畅。 The river runs through our town. 这条河流穿过我们小镇。 She's running for class monitor. 她正在竞选班长。 链接：run的相关短语 run after sb. 追逐；追赶；追求某人 run away (from) 逃跑；逃离 run out of sth. 用完，耗尽(供应品) run into sb. 碰见；偶然遇见 run around with sb.= run with sb. 与(某人)厮混；互相往来 E.g. The cute dog loves to run after balls in the park. 这只可爱的小狗喜欢在公园里追球。 The thief ran away quickly. 小偷快速逃跑了。 We ran out of sugar. 我们的糖用完了。 Guess who I ran into today! 猜猜我今天碰见谁了! She used to run around with a noisy group, but now she studies more. 她以前常和一群吵闹的人玩，但现在更爱学习了。 拓展：run还可作名词，其意思为： run 跑；跑步；跑步的时间(或距离) / 一段(幸运或倒霉的)时光；一系列(成功或失败) E.g. Let's go for a run. 我们去跑步吧。 a run of good luck 一连串的好运 【即时练习】这台新机器比旧的那台运行得更顺畅。 The new machine runs more smoothly than the old one. 3. The play came out in the 1950s and it is still popular both at home and abroad. 这部话剧于20世纪50年代问世，至今仍在国内外广受欢迎。 (教材P99 Activity 2） 。 1) come out意为“出版；发行；发表”, 常用于书籍、电影、音乐等作品的发行和推出。 E.g. His new book came out last month and many people love it. 他的新书上个月出版了，很多人喜欢。 拓展：come out的其他意思 E.g. The rain stopped and the sun came out. 雨停后太阳出来了。 The daffodils came out early this year. 水仙花今年开得早。 The full story came out at the trial. 案情始末在审判时真相大白。 Her best qualities come out in a crisis. 她的优秀品质在危难之际显示了出来。 As for me, the words wouldn't come out. 至于我，这话怎么也说不出口。 It's a pity that he came out against the plan. 遗憾的是，他公开表示反对这个计划。 2) at home and abroad 意为“国内外”, 常在句中作状语，可置于句末或动词后，说明动作涉及的范围。 E.g. Chinese food is popular at home and abroad. 中餐在国内外都很受欢迎。 【即时练习】1) — Do you know ____C____ the new book will ________? — Next month. A. what; go out B. when; go out C. when; come out D. why; come out 2) 在这次活动中，我们可以选择自己最喜欢的中外著作，如《傅雷家书》、《小王子》等。 In this activity, we can choose our favorite works at home and abroad, such as “Fu Lei’s Letters”, “The Little Prince”, and so on. 4. It is amazing that the drama has only one scene but is still so interesting. 令人大为惊奇的是，这部戏剧虽然只有一个场景，但却仍然如此有趣。 (教材P99 Activity 4） 这是一个由主语从句充当主语的复合句。主语从句常由连词(that、whether)、连接代词、连接副词等引导。为了避免主语过长，尤其是陈述句作主语从句时，通常用it作句子的形式主语，位于句首，而将主语从句移至句末。 E.g. It's amazing that she can speak 5 languages. 她会说5种语言真是令人惊奇。 【即时练习】To learn English well is very important for us. (改为同义句) It is very inportant for us to learn English well. Grammar in Use 1. The little match girl was so tired that she sat down in the corner and soon fell asleep. 卖火柴的小女孩太累了，她在角落里坐下，很快就睡着了。(教材P100 Activity 2） 1) sit down意为“坐着；坐下；就座”, 指从站立或行走的状态转为坐下的动作。 E.g. The teacher said, "Sit down, please!” 老师说：“请坐下!” 2) asleep, 形容词，意为“睡着”, 通常不放在名词前。 fall asleep 意为“入睡；睡着”, 是不及物动词短语，后不可接宾语。强调从清醒到睡着的自然过程，可用soon/quickly等词修饰。 E.g. The baby fell asleep quickly after drinking milk. 宝宝喝完奶后很快就睡着了。 【即时练习】—What do you often do before you go to bed? —I listen to some gentle music. It helps me____B____ soon. A. get down B. fall asleep C. wake upon 2. Tang Sanzang is often worried about Sun Wukong because Sun keeps on causing trouble. 唐三藏经常担心孙悟空，因为孙悟空总是惹麻烦。 (教材P100 Activity 2） be worried about意为“对……感到担心”, 指对某人或某事感到忧虑、不安。 E.g. My mom is always worried about my grades. 我妈妈总是担心我的成绩。 辨析：be worried about和worry about be worried about “对……感到担心”，形容词短语，侧重心理状态。 worry about “担心；担忧”，动词短语，侧重动作或行为。 E.g. She is worried about her sick cat. (状态) 她担心她生病的猫。 Don’t worry about the test. (行为) 别担心考试。 【即时练习】He ____C____ his sick mother and his job also ________ him. A. worries about; worries about B. worries; worries about B. worries about; worries D. worries; worries 【详解】句意：他担心他生病的母亲，他的工作也使他担忧。 worries困扰（第三人称单数）；worries about担心（第三人称单数）。Worry about意为“担心”，主语通常是人；worry作及物动同意为“使……担心”，主语通常是物。第一空主语是“He”，表示主动担心，应用worries about；第二空主语是“his job”，表示使动，应用worries。所以选C。 3. He wants to prove himself, so he goes on a long journey at sea and fights against a huge fish for 84 days. 他想证明自己，于是他踏上了漫长的海上之旅，并与一条大鱼搏斗了84天。 (教材P100 Activity 3） 1) prove oneself 意为“(向某人)展现，展示，证明(自己的实力)”。 E.g. The young player wants to prove himself in the match. 这位年轻选手想在比赛中证明自己。 2) go on sth. 意为“去做(某事)”。 E.g. They decided to go on a trip to Europe. 他们决定去欧洲旅行。 拓展：go on的其他意思 E.g. The noise goes on 24 hours a day. 噪声一天24小时不消停。 As a matter of fact, I don't know what's going on. 事实上，我不知道发生了什么事情。 Go on, I'm listening. 接着说呀，我在听呢。 Go on, have another piece of cake. 来吧，再吃一块蛋糕。 The heat goes on automatically at 6 o'clock. 6点开始自动供暖。 As time went on, I grew fond of him. 随着时间的推移，我慢慢开始喜欢他了。 链接：go on doing sth. 意为“继续做；继续下去”, 表示“中断后继续做原来的事”或“持续进行某事(未中断)”,强调动作的延续性。 E.g. Although it was raining, the workers went on working. 虽然下雨了，但工人们还在继续工作。 【即时练习】1) — Why did the young man take part in the talent show? — He wanted to ___A___ to everyone that he could do it well. A. prove himself B. enjoy himself C. teach himself D. help himself 2) After a short break, the tired climbers went on ___climbing___ (climb) to the top of the mountain. 4. I'm wondering whether you'd like to watch it or not. 我想知道你是否想看。(教材P101 Activity 1） whether...or not 意为“是否……”。用于引出两种可能性，强调不确定的情况。常用于： 宾语从句中(动词后) 宾语从句中(介词后) 表语从句中(be动词后) E.g. I don't know whether he will come or not. (动词后) 我不知道他是否会来。 She worried about whether her son was safe or not. (介词后) 她担心她儿子是否安全。 The question is whether we should go or not. (be动词后) 问题是我们是否该去。 注意：① whether可与if互换，但若尾句有or not, 则不能与if互换； ② 句尾的or not可以省略，意思不变； ③ 不要和名词weather(天气) 混淆。 【即时练习】I don’t know ____B____ he will come tomorrow. ________ he comes, I will tell you. A. if; Whether B. whether; If C. that; If 5. It depends on whether the girl like sthe drama or not. 这取决于这个女孩是否喜欢这部戏剧。(教材P101 Activity 2） depend on意为“取决于”。 E.g. —Will you go swimming tomorrow? 明天去游泳吗? —It depends on whether it's sunny. 取决于天气是否晴朗。 拓展：depend on的其他意思 depend on依靠，依赖；此时可与rely on互换 depend on信赖，相信 E.g. Children depend on their parents for food and love. 孩子依赖父母提供食物和关爱。 To be honest, you can depend on Jane—she always keeps her promise. 老实说，你可以相信简——她一向都信守诺言。 【即时练习】未来的绿色生活，需要依靠我们每一个人的努力。(depend on) The green life in the future needs to depend on everyone’s efforts. 6. Especially, they are curious about why he often gets into trouble and how he manages to get out of it. 他们尤其好奇他为何经常陷入困境又如何摆脱困境。(教材P101 Activity 3） get into trouble意为“陷入困境，惹上麻烦”。主语一般是人或物，后面可接with sb.意为“和某人发生矛盾”。此时trouble在这里作不可数名词，意为“困境；险境”。 E.g. If you break the rules, you'll get into trouble. 如果你违反规则，你将会惹上麻烦。 The boy got into trouble with his teacher for being late. 男孩因迟到和老师闹得不愉快。 【即时练习】If my best friends ____B____, I will help them without thinking twice. A. will get into trouble B. get into trouble C. gets into trouble D. got into trouble Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. But, why? Because he would not lie to his master! 但是，为什么呢? 因为他绝不会对他的师父撒谎! (教材103 Activity 2） lie to sb. 意为“对某人说谎；欺骗某人”。此时lie在这里作动词，意为“说谎；撒谎；编造谎言”。 E.g. Never lie to your parents. 永远不要对你的父母撒谎。 注意：lie作动词时的意思不同，其形式、变化也有所不同，具体如下： 意思 三单 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 说谎 lies lied lied lying 位于 lies lay lain lying 躺下 E.g. The town lies in a small wooded valley. 该城镇坐落于一个林木茂盛的山谷中。 He lied to his parents about where he was last night. 他昨晚对父母撒了谎，隐瞒了自己的去向。 Don't lie in the sun for too long. 不要在日光下躺太长时间。 For a few minutes he just lay there. 有几分钟，他就只是躺在那里。 The cat has lain on the sofa all morning. 那只猫一早上都躺在沙发上。 He was lying on the bed reading a book. 他正躺在床上看书。 拓展：① lie还可作名词，其用法如下： lie作可数名词，意为“谎言，假话”。 give the lie to sth. 意为“揭穿某事的谎言”。 the lie of the land. 意为“(某一时期)形势的发展，情况的变化”。 E.g. I always know when he's telling lies. 他一说谎，我就知道。 This report gives the lie to the company's claims. 这份报告表明公司的说法不属实。 I'll talk to him and get the lie of the land. 我会和他谈谈，了解一下情况。 ② lie意为“谎言”时的相关短语 tell a lie (口)说错了；撒谎 believe a lie 相信谎言 spread a lie 散布谎言 a(n) complete/total/outright lie 彻底的/完全的谎言 a downright lie 十足的谎言(尤用于表示愤怒) a pack of lies (非正式)一派谎言, 谎话连篇 E.g. It was ¥25, no, tell a lie, ¥35. 是25元，不对，说错了，是35元。 How could you believe his lies? 你怎么会听信他的谎言? How dare you spread such vicious lies? 你怎么敢散布如此恶毒的谎言。 The whole thing was a complete lie. 这整件事完全是一派谎言。 That's a downright lie. I never said it! 那是彻头彻尾的谎言。我从没说过这样的话! Everything he had told me was a pack of lies. 他告诉我的一切都是一派谎言。 【即时练习】1) He's so tired．He should ___D___ down and ______ some rest． A. lie；to get B. to lie；get C. to lie；to get D. lie；get 2) You can     C    her. She never         anyone. A. believe in, tell lies to B. believe, tells lies C. trust, tells a lie to D. trust, tells a lie 【详解】试题分析：句意：你能信任她。她从不对任何人说谎。分析：believe in 侧重于相信某人的能力、品格或存在。believe是相信，表示相信某件事。trust是信任，表示信任某人（因为他品好或者其他原因）；说谎tell a lie；结合选项第三项正确。故选C。 2. In a word, Sun Wukong is a popular hero among people of all ages. 总之，孙悟空是深受各年龄段人群喜爱的英雄人物。 (教材103 Activity 2） of all ages意为“各个年龄段的”, 通常放在它所修饰的名词后面作后置定语。 E.g. He has friends of all ages. 他有各个年龄段的朋友。 归纳：age的相关短语 at the age of+基数词 = at age+基数词 在…岁的时候 for one's age对于某人这个年纪来说 come of age 成年；达到法定年龄 at one's age在某人这个年纪 in middle/old age 在中年/老年 基数词+years of age = 基数词+years old …...岁 E.g. She is very tall for her age. 以她的年龄来说，她个子很高。 In many countries, you come of age at 18. 在许多国家，你年满18岁就算成年了。 At my age, it's quite difficult getting up the stairs. 到我这年纪，上楼梯就很费劲了。 He was in late middle age. 他已步入中年后期。 My grandpa often told stories about his dog when he was in old age. 我爷爷晚年时，总讲他那只狗的故事。 【即时练习】各个年龄段的人都应该关心自己的健康。 People of all ages should care about their health. 3. He will always hold a special place in my heart as my favorite story character. 作为我最喜爱的故事角色，他将永远在我的心中占据着特殊的位置。(教材103 Activity 2） in one's heart意为“在某人心底里；在某人内心深处”, 表达内心深处的感情、信念和重要的人或物。 E.g. My grandma has passed away, but she will always be in my heart. 我奶奶虽然去世了，但她永远在我心里。 归纳：heart的相关短语 by heart单凭记忆；能背诵 heart to heart 坦诚地，推心置腹地 lose heart 丧失信心；泄气 take sth. to heart 把某事放在心上；为某事耿耿于怀 be in good heart (正式)情绪高昂；兴高采烈 with all one's heart 全心全意地，真心实意地 E.g. Don't lose heart if you fail the test! Just study harder next time. 如果考试没考好，别灰心!下次更努力学习就好了。 The teacher's advice was very helpful, and I took it to heart. 老师的建议很有帮助，我把它记在心里了。 The team are in good heart and ready for the season's matches. 这支球队情绪高昂，已准备好迎接本赛季的比赛。 We sang the hymn with all our hearts. 我们虔诚地唱了赞美诗。 【即时练习】我知道，在内心深处，他依然爱着这个城市。 I know that, in his heart, he still loves this city. Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. To read a poem, find a quiet space and clear your mind. 想要读一首诗，你要找一个安静的地方，放空你的思绪。 (教材P106 Activity 2） clear one's mind意为“让头脑放松；使头脑清醒”, 强调主动清除脑中杂念，可与clear one's head互换。此时clear在这里作动词，意为“(使)变清醒，变清晰”。 E.g. —Before exams, take a deep breath to clear your mind. 考试前深呼吸，放空思绪。 —OK. Thank you. 好的。谢谢。 拓展：clear作动词时的相关意思 E.g. Within minutes, police had cleared the area.几分钟之内警察就完成了清场。 Mr. Luo was cleared after new evidence was produced. 提出新的证据后，罗先生得以洗清嫌疑。 Cheques usually take three working days to clear. 兑换支票通常需要3个工作日。 He was cleared by doctors to resume skating in August. 他得到医生的许可，8月份重新开始滑冰。 The haze usually clears by lunchtime. 一般到了中午时分雾霭就会散去。 The plane barely cleared the fence at the end of the runway. 飞机勉强越过了跑道尽头的围栏。 She cleared ¥1,000 on the deal. 她在那笔交易中净赚1000元。 链接：clear作形容词时的相关意思 E.g. They won by a clear majority. 他们以明显的多数票获胜。 The radio reception isn't very clear. 收音机的接收效果不太好。 I get ¥1,000 a week clear. 我每周的净收入为1000元。 —Next Monday is clear; how about ten o'clock in the morning? 下周一有空，上午10点钟如何? —OK. 好的。 Allow three clear days for delivery. 要留出整整三天的送货时间。 Wait to cross until the street is clear of cars. 等到街上没有汽车时再走过去。 归纳：mind的相关短语 E.g. —Did you have anyone in mind for the job? 你心中有做这份工作的合适人选吗? —No. 没有。 It's a good idea—I'll keep it in mind. 这是个好主意——我会放在心上的。 —Most gardens designed with children in mind are safe but dull. 大多数在设计上考虑到儿童的花园都很安全，但却单调乏味。 —But safety is the most important. 但是安全是最重要的。 He looks as though he had something on his mind. 他看起来仿佛有心事。 I just can't seem to get her out of my mind. 我好像忘不掉她。 It never crossed my mind that Lisa might be lying. 我从来没想过丽莎可能是在撒谎。 She knew what was going through his mind. 她知道他想到了什么。 He must have been out of his mind to employ her. 他准是疯了，竟会雇用她。 —Sorry, I'm late! 抱歉，我迟到了! —Never mind! 没关系! 【即时练习】散步可以帮助我放空思绪。 Taking a walk can help me __clear my mind_. 2. A poem always encourages a dialog with nature or emotion, and you are likely to find something new each time you read. 一首诗总能引发与自然的对话或情感的共鸣，每次阅读你都可能会发现一些新的东西。(教材P106 Activity 2） likely, 形容词，意为“很可能的，预料中的；有希望的”。 be likely to do sth.意为“很可能做某事”。 E.g. Snow showers are likely tomorrow. 明天可能有阵雪。 It's cloudy today. It is likely to rain. 今天多云，很可能会下雨。 拓展：① likely作形容词时的其他意思及用法 likely (仅用于名词前)合适的，恰当的 a likely story (口)说得像真的似的 (用于告诉某人你不相信他刚才说的话) E.g. One likely source of energy is wind power. 有一种合适的能源就是风能。 ② likely还可作副词，其用法有： as likely as not / most likely / very likely 大概，很可能 not likely! (口，尤英)才不呢!不可能!(表示强烈反对或断言某事不会发生) E.g. I'd very likely have done the same thing in your situation. 我要是处在你这种情况，也很有可能会那样做的。 —He said you'd be giving them a lift. 他说你会让他们搭便车。 —Not likely! 才不呢! 【即时练习】1）It‘s cloudy and windy. It ___B___ to rain later this afternoon. A. likely B. is likely C. is like D. likes 2）如果你努力学习，你很可能会通过这次考试。 If you study hard, you ___are likely to__ pass the exam. 3. Wait a second. 稍等一下。 (教材P107 Activity 3） wait a second是口语化表达，常意为“稍等一下”, 可与wait a minute/moment互换。其用法及意思如下： wait a second 等一下，慢着(用于叫某人别离开或不要立刻做某事) wait a second等等，且慢(用于打断别人的话，尤因有不同的意见) wait a second 等等(用于突然想到、记起或注意到某事物) E.g. —Wait a second! I'll get my coat and come with you. 等一下，我拿上大衣和你一起去。 —OK. 好的。 Wait a second! That's not what we agreed! 等等!我们原先说好的不是这样的! 【即时练习】等等，我有个更好的主意。 Wait a second! I've got a better idea. 4. At the same time, Li Bai writes about love, sharing his feelings and happiness when he is with someone special. 与此同时，李白还写下了关于爱情的篇章，分享了他和心爱之人在一起时的感受和喜悦。(教材P107 Activity 4） 1) 句型结构： 2) be with意为“与……在一起”。 E.g. I feel safe when I am with my family. 和家人在一起时我感到安全。 拓展：be with的相关用法 be with me/you 能理解……讲的话 be with sb. (on sth.) 支持；与……站在一起；同意……说的话 E.g. I’m afraid I’m not quite with you. 对不起，我不太懂你的意思。 Don't worry. I am with you. 别担心，我支持你。 【即时练习】无论发生什么，我会和你在一起。 Whatever happens, I’ll be with you. 单元语法 后缀-ed和-ing 1. 后缀-ed和-ing 在英语中，部分动词加后缀-ed或-ing可转化为形容词。 1) 规则 构成 意思 由部分动词加上-ed构成 表示主语(人)的感受或状态。 由部分动词加上-ing构成 表示事物的性质或特征，常用来修饰物。 E.g. After the run, we are tired. 跑完步后，我们感到疲惫。 The tiring long-distance run makes us sweat. 这场令人疲惫的长跑让我们出汗。 2) 后缀-ed和-ing构成的形容词 人的感受(-ed) 事物特性(-ing) amazed 大为惊奇 amazing 令人大为惊奇的 bored (对某人/某事物)厌倦的 boring 令人厌倦/厌烦的 excited 激动的；兴奋的 exciting 令人激动的；使人兴奋的 interested 感兴趣的 interesting 有趣的 surprised 惊讶的 surprising 令人吃惊的 tired 疲倦的 tiring 令人困倦的 worried 担忧的 worrying 令人担忧的 E.g. We are amazed at the magician's skills. 我们对魔术师的技艺感到惊叹。 The amazing magic show makes everyone cheer. 这场令人惊叹的魔术表演让所有人欢呼。 He feels bored when waiting in line. 他排队时感到无聊。 The boring lecture makes students yawn. 这场无聊的讲座让学生们打哈欠。 They sounded excited to hear from him. 他们收到他的信好像很兴奋。 The exciting football match attracts millions of people. 这场令人兴奋的足球赛吸引了数百万人。 She is surprised at the birthday gift. 她对这份生日礼物感到惊讶。 The surprising news spreads quickly. 这条令人惊讶的消息传播得很快。 Parents are worried about kids' safety. 父母为孩子们的安全感到担忧。 The worrying weather may cause floods. 这令人担忧的天气可能会引发洪水。 口诀：人用-ed表感受，物用-ing说特点。 宾语从句(Ⅱ) 2. 宾语从句(Ⅱ) 1) 句法功能 功能 例句 作及物动词的宾语 She wanted to know when we would have the sports meeting. 她想知道我们什么时候举办运动会。 作介词的宾语 It all depends on whether it will be fine tomorrow. 这完全取决于明天的天气是否晴朗。 作系表结构的宾语 I am afraid that he will be late. 我恐怕他会迟到。 注意：宾语从句作系表结构的宾语时，主句中的表语多为表示情感、态度的形容词，如happy、sad、sure、afraid、sorry、glad、proud、thankful等。 E.g. I'm pretty sure that he'll agree. 他会同意的，对此我相当有把握。 I’m really glad that I don't have to go back there again. 我真高兴不用再回那儿了。 2) 引导词 引导词 用法 that ① 引导陈述句，表示事实或观点(口语中可省略，书面建议保留)。 ② that在句中无实际意义，在从句中不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中常被省略。 if/whether 引导一般疑问句，都意为“是否”, 在从句中不充当成分，但是不可省略，通常情况下二者可互换。 连接代词(who、whom、whose、what、which、whatever等) 引导特殊疑问句，在宾语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等，不可省略。 连接副词(when、where、why、how及how+形容词/副词） 引导特殊疑问句，在宾语从句中充当状语，不可省略。) E.g. I know (that) you like swimming. 我知道你喜欢游泳。 He asked if/whether I was free. 他问我是否有空。 Do you know who won first place? 你知道谁得了第一名吗? Can you tell me where the library is? 你能告诉我图书馆在哪里吗? 注意：只用whether不用if的情况 与or not连用时 引导介词后的宾语从句时 与动词不定式连用时 E.g. I don't know whether I should go there or not. 我不知道我是否该去那。 Let's talk about whether we should join the club. 我们讨论一下我们是否应该加入这个俱乐部。 He didn't decide whether to stay. 他没有决定是否要留下来。 注意：当whether从句置于句首且引导让步状语从句时，此时也不可与if互换。 E.g. Whether it will rain, Mom will take a numbrella. 不管会不会下雨，妈妈都会带伞。 3) 语序 宾语从句要用陈述语序，即按照“主语+谓语”的顺序。 E.g. I wonder what time the bus leaves. (√) 我想知道公交车几点开。 I wonder what time does the bus leave. (×) 注意：① 如果特殊疑问词作主语，这种特殊疑问句本身就是陈述句语序，变为宾语从句时，语序保持不变。 E.g. She asked me who was my Chinese teacher. 她问我谁是我的语文老师。 ② 在含有宾语从句的复合句中，当主句的主语为第一人称，且谓语动词是think、believe、suppose等词时，若宾语从句表示否定，从句的否定词要转移到主句中(即否定前移)，而从句仍用肯定形式。 E.g. I don't think she likes running. 我认为她不喜欢跑步。 4) 时态呼应 主句时态 从句时态 现在的某种时态（包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时） 根据实际情况选择时态 过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时、过去进行时） 同时发生 → 一般过去时/过去进行时 之后发生 → 过去将来时 E.g. I know that he is a student. 我知道他是一名学生。 She says that she saw a movie yesterday. 她说她昨天看了一部电影。 He believes that it will rain tomorrow. 他认为明天要下雨。 He said he was tired. 他说他累了。 She told me she was going to call me later. 她告诉我她稍后会给我打电话。 注意：当从句表达的是客观事实、科学真理或一般规律时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。 E.g. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun. 老师告诉我们，地球绕着太阳转。 口诀：主现从随意；主过从相过；真理用一现。 5） 宾语从句的简化 情况 例句 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope、wish、decide、agree、choose等时，从句可简化为不定式结构。 I hope that I can receive your letter. → I hope to receive your letter. 我希望收到你的信。 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，引导词是连接词或连接副词，且主句的谓语动词是know、remember、forget、learn等时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 She doesn't know whatsshe should do next. → She doesn't know what to do next. 她不知道下一步该做什么。 有些宾语从句可以简化为名词或名词短语。 I don't believe what Tom said. → I don't believe Tom's words. 我不相信汤姆所说的话。 当tell、ask、show、teach等动词后面带双宾语，引导词是连接代词或连接副词，且从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 Could you tell me how I can get to the train station? →Could you tell me how to get to the train station? 你能告诉我如何去火车站吗? 语法知识点小测： 一、单词拼写。 1．The old couple were very ________ (excite) to find their favorite book again. 【答案】excited 【详解】句意：这对老夫妇再次找到他们最爱的书，感到十分兴奋。句中“The old couple were very...to find...”说明此处需填入形容词修饰主语“The old couple”，提示词excite的两个派生词形容词用法不同：exciting修饰事物，意为“令人兴奋的”；excited修饰人，用于描述人的主观感受，意为“感到兴奋的”。本句主语是指人的，空格处位于be动词were之后作表语，说明主语的感受，符合excited的用法。 2．He just wondered _________ (是否) he could return to his hometown someday or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】句意：他只是想知道他是否有一天能回到家乡。本句是宾语从句，表示“是否”的连词有if和whether，但whether直接搭配句中的or not使用。 3．Can you give me a ________ (describe) of your new teacher? 【答案】description 【详解】句意：你能给我描述一下你的新老师吗？空格前有不定冠词a，后面需要接名词单数形式，describe的名词形式是description，give a description of是固定搭配，意为“描述……”，符合语境。 4．The naughty boy completed the task ________ (patient) and this made other classmates unhappy. 【答案】impatiently 【详解】句意：这个调皮的男孩不耐烦地完成了任务，这让其他同学很不高兴。动词completed需要副词来修饰，结合后文“让同学不高兴”的语境，此处应表达“不耐烦地”，括号内的patient是形容词，需先变为否定含义的形容词impatient，再加上-ly构成副词impatiently。故填impatiently。 5．In ________ (west) countries, people talk about “the man in the moon”! 【答案】western 【详解】句意：在西方国家，人们谈论“月亮上的人”！根据“In…countries”可知，此处需填形容词修饰名词countries，所以名词west要变成形容词western，表示“西方的”。 6．Tony fell off the tree, but ________, he didn’t get hurt. (lucky) 【答案】luckily 【详解】句意：Tony从树上摔了下来，但幸运的是，他没有受伤。此处修饰整个句子，需用副词形式；形容词lucky对应的副词为luckily，故填luckily。 7．The ending of the story is very ________ (touch). It stayed in my heart for a long time. 【答案】touching 【详解】句意：这个故事的结局非常感人。它留在我心中很长时间。根据句意可知，空白处应填形容词作表语；touch的形容词形式为touching。 8．The teacher’s words were ________ (encourage). The students felt more confident about reading. 【答案】encouraging 【详解】句意：老师的话很鼓舞人心。学生们对阅读更有信心了。主语words是物，表示“话语令人鼓舞”，所以用-ing形容词encouraging。 9．The ________ (frighten) look on the girl’s face showed that she was very afraid. 【答案】frightened 【详解】句意：女孩脸上惊恐的神情表明她非常害怕。 此处修饰名词look“神情、表情”，用来描述人的主观感受，要用frightened“感到害怕的、惊恐的”。 10．The children felt ________ (bore) at the beginning of the story, but later they became interested. 【答案】bored 【详解】句意：故事一开始孩子们觉得很无聊，后来就变得感兴趣了。felt后接形容词作表语，主语The children指人，修饰人物的情绪状态需用-ed结尾的形容词，bore的形容词形式为bored。 二、完成句子。 1．我不确定是否能按时完成作业。 I’m not ________ ________ I can finish the homework on time. 【答案】 sure/certain whether/if 【详解】原句中“确定”和“是否”是关键词。表示“确定”的词是sure/certain，形容词，作表语；表示“是否”的词是whether/if，引导后面的宾语从句。 2．Could you tell me? How can I get to the nearest bus station?（合并成一个句子） Could you tell me ________ ________ ________ get to the nearest bus station? 【答案】 how I can 【详解】句意：你能告诉我？我怎么才能到最近的公交车站吗？主句“Could you tell me”后接宾语从句，宾语从句需使用陈述语序。原特殊疑问句中疑问词how需保留，同时调整语序为how I can。合并后的句子：Could you tell me how I can get to the nearest bus station?，其中how引导宾语从句，I为主语，can get为谓语，符合陈述语序。 3．Where will the lecture be held? Could you tell me? (改为宾语从句) Could you tell me ________ the lecture ________ be held? 【答案】 where will 【详解】句意：讲座将在哪里举行？你能告诉我吗？原句中“Where will the lecture be held?”是特殊疑问句，在将其改为宾语从句时，需要保留特殊疑问词“where”作为从句的引导词，以表明询问的内容是关于地点的。同时，原句中的“will”作为将来时的助动词，在宾语从句中应保持不变，以维持原句的时态意义。因此，在宾语从句中，我们使用“where”作为引导词，后接原句的谓语部分“will be held”。 4．I don’t know. What does he like doing in his free time? (合并成一个句子) I don’t know ________ ________ ________ doing in his free time. 【答案】 what he likes 【详解】句意：我不知道。他空闲时间喜欢做什么？根据题干要求，合并成一个句子后应为宾语从句，且宾语从句要用陈述语序，即“疑问词+主语+谓语”的结构，原句中的疑问词为what，主语为he，时态为一般现在时，谓语为likes。 5．孩子们对他如何摆脱麻烦很感兴趣。   Children are __________ in __________ he gets out of trouble. 【答案】 interested how 【详解】原句中“对……感兴趣”和“如何”为关键词，be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”，how意为“如何”。故填interested；how。 6．我想知道是什么让你如此兴奋。   I want to know __________ __________ you so excited. 【答案】 what made 【详解】原句中“是什么让”是关键词，表示“什么”的词汇是what，引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“让”的词汇是make，此处表示过去发生的事导致现在兴奋，所以用一般过去时，make的过去式是made。 7．I know the leading role in this play is Lingling. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ ________ the leading role in this play is? 【答案】 Do you know who 【详解】句意：我知道这部剧的主角是玲玲。原句是含有宾语从句的复合句，划线部分是宾语从句中的表语，Lingling是指具体的人，对人提问用疑问词who；主句“I know”是一般现在时的陈述句，需变为一般疑问句，主语I变为you，助动词用Do，谓语动词用原形know，疑问词who需放在主句之后，引导宾语从句。 8．I asked Li Ming. Do you want to play basketball with me? (合并成一个句子) I asked Li Ming ________ or not he ________ to play basketball with me. 【答案】 whether wanted 【详解】句意：我问李明。你想和我打篮球吗？合成一个句子，or not搭配whether，意为“是否”；主句用过去时asked，从句也需用一般过去时wanted。 9．I think this is an exciting story.（改成否定句） I ________ ________ this ________ an exciting story. 【答案】 don’t think is 【详解】句意：我认为这是一个令人兴奋的故事。对于“I think+宾语从句”这类句子，英语习惯上否定前移，即把否定词not加在主句的think上，而不是从句里。主语I是第一人称，否定形式用“don’t +动词原形think”，从句的is保持不变。 10．你知道演出什么时候开始吗?   Do you know __________ the play __________? 【答案】 when begins 【详解】原句中第一空“什么时候”是关键词，表示“什么时候”的英文是when，第二空“开始”是关键词，表示“开始”的英文是begin，主句是现在时，从句时态也为一般现在时，主语the play为单数，谓语动词用三单形式。 三、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．I want to know _________ made you so happy yesterday. A．why B．what C．that D．if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想知道昨天什么让你这么开心。 why为什么；what什么；that无实义；if是否。分析句子结构可知，空格处在宾语从句中作主语，指代事物， what引导宾语从句并在从句中作主语。故填what。 ( ) 2．My brother thinks maths is _________, but I find it very interesting. A．bored B．boring C．excited D．exciting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我哥哥认为数学是令人无聊的，但我发现它很有趣。 bored感到无聊的；boring令人无聊的；excited感到兴奋的；exciting令人兴奋的。句中主语是maths，指物，应用-ing结尾的形容词。根据转折连词but后文的“interesting”可知，前文应该表达相反的意思，即“无聊的”。应填boring。 ( ) 3．We are not sure ________ we should change the time of the physics experiment, since the lab is occupied in the afternoon. A．who B．if C．that D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们不确定是否要更改物理实验的时间，因为实验室下午被占用了。 be not sure后接宾语从句，if在这里含义为“是否”，贴合“拿不定主意要不要改时间”的语境。who指代人，从句不缺主语；that引导确定语气的陈述句，和not sure（不确定）矛盾；what在从句中要充当宾语，本从句成分完整，三项均排除。not sure表不确定，表“是否该更改物理实验时间”，用if表是否。应填if。 ( ) 4．—Could you tell me ________ the Sihong Wetland Park? —Sure. Take the No. 101 bus and it will take you right there. A．how can I get to B．how I can get to C．when can I get to D．when I can get to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎么去泗洪湿地公园吗？——当然。坐 101 路公交车直达。 how can I get to我怎样能到达；how I can get to我怎样能到达；when can I get to我何时能到达；when I can get to我何时能到达。“Could you tell me”后接宾语从句，从句必须使用陈述语序，答语回答的是交通方式，应用how引导宾语从句。应填how I can get to。 ( ) 5．—What do you think of the movie Future World?   —It’s fantastic! It shows us _______ our planet might look like in 50 years. A．when B．how C．what D．why 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得电影《未来世界》怎么样？——太棒了！它向我们展示了 50 年后我们的星球可能会是什么样子。 when什么时候；how怎样；what什么；why为什么。根据“look like”可知，like是介词，后面需要接宾语，表示“看起来像什么”。what在从句中作like的宾语，构成what...look like结构，意为“……是什么样子的”。how通常与look连用（how...look），不与like连用。 ( ) 6．—I can’t decide ________ to start the plan, today or tomorrow? —You have grown up, try to make the ________ by yourself. A．how; difference B．when; decision C．when; mess D．who; effort 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我无法决定什么时候开始这个计划，今天还是明天？——你已经长大了，试着自己做决定吧。 how如何；when什么时候；who谁；difference区别；decision决定；mess混乱；effort努力。根据第一空后“today or tomorrow”可知是询问时间，应用when；根据前文“I can’t decide”及语境可知是让自己做决定，make the decision符合语境。 ( ) 7．— Lucy, what does “Mend the pen after the sheep are lost” mean? — It tells us ________. A．why we must work hard every day B．what can we do to keep the sheep safe C．When should we buy a new pen D．what we should do when we make mistakes 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——露西，“亡羊补牢”是什么意思？——它告诉我们当我们犯错时应该做什么。 why we must work hard every day我们为什么必须每天努力工作；what can we do to keep the sheep safe我们能做些什么来保证羊的安全；When should we buy a new pen我们什么时候应该买一支新钢笔；what we should do when we make mistakes当我们犯错时，我们应该做什么。“Mend the pen after the sheep are lost”对应中文谚语“亡羊补牢”，寓意出了问题后及时补救。宾语从句需用陈述语序，B项和C项均为疑问语序，排除；A项强调努力工作，与谚语寓意不符；D项涉及犯错后的做法，既符合陈述语序，又契合“及时补救”的含义。 ( ) 8．The saying “When one door closes, another opens” tells us ________. A．when will we look on bright side B．what can we do to face trouble C．why we should never give up D．how we go out of the door 【答案】C 【详解】句意：谚语“当一扇门关上时，另一扇门会打开”告诉我们为什么我们永远不应该放弃。 本句是宾语从句，从句需使用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”。A项和B项均为疑问语序，语法错误；D项虽为陈述语序，但句意为“我们如何走出门”，不符合谚语寓意；C项为陈述语序，且句意符合谚语鼓励人们保持希望、不要放弃的内涵。 ( ) 9．Did you hear ________ there would be a talent show next week? A．what B．that C．which D．if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你听说下周将有一场才艺表演了吗？考查宾语从句引导词辨析。 what什么；that无实义；which哪一个；if是否。根据“there would be a talent show next week”可知从句是完整的陈述句，不缺成分，且表示听到的具体消息，应用that引导宾语从句。 ( ) 10．The old couple looked _________ at their grandson who was reading a fairy tale. They felt _________ to see him so interested in books. A．happy; happily B．happy; happy C．happily; happy D．happily; happily 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这对老夫妇高兴地看着正在读童话故事的孙子。看到他对书如此感兴趣，他们感到很高兴。 happy高兴的（形容词）；happily高兴地（副词）。第一空修饰实义动词looked，表示“看”的动作，需用副词happily；第二空feel为系动词，后接形容词happy作表语。应填happily；happy。 ( ) 11．—I feel _________ after reading this poem. It’s so beautiful. —I agree. The poem really makes me _________. A．relaxing; relaxing B．relaxed; relaxed C．relaxing; relaxed D．relaxed; relaxing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——读完这首诗后我感到放松。它太美了。——我同意。这首诗真的让我感到放松。 relaxing令人放松的；relaxed感到放松的。第一空主语是I，表示人的感受，应用-ed结尾的形容词relaxed；第二空结构为make sb. + adj.，宾语是me，表示“使某人处于某种状态”，应用-ed 结尾的形容词relaxed。应填relaxed；relaxed。 ( ) 12．It depends on _________ the little girl can sell all the matches or not. A．that B．if C．whether D．what 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这取决于这个小女孩是否能卖完所有的火柴。 that无实义，引导陈述从句；if是否；whether是否；what什么。介词on后接宾语从句，当从句中出现“or not”，表示“是否”时，只能用whether引导，不能用if。 ( ) 13．The teacher wondered _________. A．that he was late for class again B．what the main character’s name was C．why did he like reading fairy tales D．when would the book report be due 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师想知道主角的名字是什么。 that he was late for class again：that引导陈述事实的宾语从句，与wondered（想知道）的语境矛盾；what the main character’s name was：what引导宾语从句，且从句为陈述语序；why did he like reading fairy tales从句为疑问语序，不符合宾语从句的语序要求；when would the book report be due从句为疑问语序，不符合宾语从句的语序要求。wonder意为“想知道”，后接宾语从句通常由疑问词引导，B项语序正确且时态一致。应填what the main character’s name was。 ( ) 14．The little girl was so _________ that she fell asleep against the wall. A．tiring B．tired C．interesting D．interested 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小女孩是如此疲惫以至于她靠着墙睡着了。 tiring令人疲惫的；tired感到疲惫的；interesting有趣的；interested感兴趣的。由“fell asleep”可知，女孩是感到疲惫的，应填tired。 ( ) 15．— Do you know ________? — Next Friday. A．when will we have the English test B．when we will have the English test C．where will we have the English test D．where we will have the English test 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道我们什么时候将进行英语测试吗？——下周五。 when什么时候；where在哪里。根据答句“Next Friday.”可知，问句是询问时间，排除C、D选项。宾语从句中要用陈述句语序，A选项是疑问句语序，B选项是陈述句语序，且询问的是时间。应填when we will have the English test。 四、完形填空 My favorite story character is the Little Match Girl. She is a poor girl who tries to sell matches on a cold New Year’s Eve. She is cold and hungry, 1 she is afraid to go home. Her father will punish her if she does not sell all the matches. To warm herself, she lights the matches one by one. In the light, she sees 2 visions—a warm stove, a delicious feast, and her grandmother. The visions give her comfort. The story makes me 3 sad, but it also teaches me something important. I learn to be 4 for what I have and to care for those 5 need. Another character I like is Sun Wukong. He is the main character in Journey to the West. He is powerful and 6 . He can change into 72 forms. He protects his master all the way to the west. He is brave and can always 7 ideas to deal with difficulties. I like both characters because they show me different qualities. The Little Match Girl teaches me to keep 8 even in hard times. Sun Wukong teaches me to be brave and never 9 . Both of them will always hold a 10 place in my heart. ( ) 1．A．and B．but C．so ( ) 2．A．wonderful B．terrible C．common ( ) 3．A．feel B．sound C．taste ( ) 4．A．sad B．thankful C．sorry ( ) 5．A．at B．on C．in ( ) 6．A．energetic B．lazy C．quiet ( ) 7．A．come up with B．give up C．get along with ( ) 8．A．hope B．hopeful C．hoping ( ) 9．A．give up B．get up C．grow up ( ) 10．A．special B．common C．terrible 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．A 8．C 9．A 10．A 【导语】本文作者介绍了自己最喜爱的两个故事角色——卖火柴的小女孩和孙悟空，阐述了从二人身上学到的优秀品质。 1．句意：她又冷又饿，但是不敢回家。 “she is cold and hungry...she is afraid to go home”表明前后是转折关系，虽然又冷又饿，但是不敢回家，but符合转折逻辑。 2．句意：在火光中，她看到了美好的幻象——一个温暖的炉子，一顿美味的盛宴，还有她的奶奶。 “a warm stove, a delicious feast, and her grandmother”表明这些幻象都是温暖舒适的，wonderful“美好的”，符合语境。 3．句意：这个故事让我感到难过，并且也教会我一些重要的事情。 此处表达故事带来的内心感受，feel“感到”，符合语境。 4．句意：我学会要对自己拥有的一切心怀感恩，并且照顾那些有需要的人。 “for what I have”表明此处表达感恩自己的所有，thankful“感恩的”，符合语境。 5．句意：我学会要对自己拥有的一切心怀感恩，并且照顾那些有需要的人。 in need是固定短语，意为“有需要的”，符合语境。 6．句意：他强大又精力充沛。 “He can change into 72 forms. He protects his master all the way to the west”表明孙悟空精力充沛，energetic“精力充沛的”，符合语境。 7．句意：他很勇敢，总能想出办法解决困难。 “ideas to deal with difficulties”指想出解决问题的办法，come up with“想出”，符合语境。 8．句意：卖火柴的小女孩教我即使在困境中也要一直心怀希望。 keep doing sth表示“持续坚持做某事”。 9．句意：孙悟空教我要勇敢，永不放弃。 结合前文孙悟空的描述，此处表达面对困难不放弃的品质，give up“放弃”，符合语境。 10．句意：他们两个都会永远在我心中占据一个特殊的位置。 根据文意可知两个角色对作者意义非凡，special“特别的”，符合语境。 五、短文填空 Last Sunday, my class went to the science museum. We were all 1 (excite) about the trip. The guide told us something about robots. It was very 2 (interest). I wondered 3 robots could talk with people. The guide explained it clearly. Some robots could draw pictures. We felt very 4 (surprise) at their skills. One student asked the guide 5 these robots were made. He said they were made in big factories. I also wanted to know 6 a robot could help with our homework. The guide smiled and said it was possible in the future. The show was so 7 (amaze) that we forgot the time. On the way home, I kept thinking about 8 I saw in the museum. I felt really 9 (relax) and happy. I believe 10 technology will change our life greatly. 【答案】1．excited 2．interesting 3．if /whether 4．surprised 5．where 6．if/whether 7．amazing 8．what 9．relaxed 10．that 【导语】本文讲述了作者班级上周日去科学博物馆参观的经历，重点介绍了导游讲解机器人相关知识的过程，以及作者对机器人能否帮助人类完成各种任务的思考和感受。 1．句意：我们都对这次旅行感到兴奋。修饰人We的感受，用形容词excited，意为“感到兴奋的”。 2．句意：那非常有趣。修饰事物，It，指代“导游告诉我们的内容”，用形容词interesting，意为“有趣的”。 3．句意：我想知道机器人是否能和人类交谈。wonder后接宾语从句，表达“想知道是否……” 时，可用if或whether引导，二者在口语中常可互换。因此用 if/whether引导宾语从句。 4．句意：我们对它们的技能感到非常惊讶。修饰人We的感受，用形容词surprised，意为“感到惊讶的”。 5．句意：一个学生问导游这些机器人是在哪里制造的。宾语从句缺少地点状语，根据答句 “they were made in big factories” 可知，问句询问的是地点，因此用where引导宾语从句。 6．句意：我也想知道机器人是否能帮我们做作业。want to know后接宾语从句，表达 “想知道是否……” 时，可用if 或whether引导。 7．句意：展览如此令人惊叹，以至于我们忘记了时间。以ing结尾的形容词描述事物的性质，表示 “令人惊叹的”；so后接形容词原级。本题主语The show 是事物，表达 “表演很令人惊叹”，因此用amazing。 8．句意：在回家的路上，我一直在想我在博物馆里看到的东西。宾语从句中缺少saw的宾语，what可在宾语从句中作宾语，指代“看到的事物”。作者思考的是 “看到的内容”，因此用what引导宾语从句。 9．句意：我感到非常放松和开心。主语I+系动词felt+表语，与 happy 并列。以ed 结尾的形容词描述人的感受，表示 “感到放松的”；relaxing 通常描述事物，表示 “令人放松的”。本题主语 I 是人，表达 “感到放松”，因此用 relaxed。 10．句意：我相信科技将极大地改变我们的生活。believe后接陈述句形式的宾语从句时，通常用that引导，that在口语中可省略。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $