新仁爱版八下 Unit8 单元知识梳理【趣味课堂】英语仁爱科普版八年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了新仁爱八下Unit8“Every Coin Counts”单元核心知识。从支付方式（pay by/in/with辨析）、情态动词need用法等基础词汇短语入手，逐步延伸到货币发展历史、词汇后缀-ion转化规则及条件状语从句语法，构建从基础语言知识到主题应用的学习支架。 知识链路以“基础词汇-短语辨析-语法规则-主题阅读-实际应用”逻辑展开，每个知识点配即时练习和对比表格，通过归纳、对比提升思维品质，多样习题（单选、完形等）强化语言能力，助力学生系统掌握单元知识并培养自主学习能力。

新仁爱八下 Unit8 Every Coin Counts单元知识梳理（练习版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. If you pay by credit card, it is not only easy and fast, but safe as well. 如果你用信用卡支付，不仅方便快捷，而且安全。 (教材P20 Activity 1 B） credit,名词，意为“信用；信誉”。credit card意为“信用卡”; pay by credit card意为“用信用卡支付”。 E.g. She is very popular because of her good credit. 她因为良好的信誉而很受欢迎。 You can use your credit card in our shop. 你可以在我们店使用信用卡。 I didn't take any cash today, so I paid by credit card. 我今天没有带现金，所以我用信用卡付的款。 辨析：pay by, pay in和pay with 短语 意思 用法 pay by 用……支付 pay by+方式(信用卡、银行转账、支票等),侧重表示支付渠道或类型。 pay in pay in+现金/货币 pay with pay with+具体支付工具(手机、账户等),侧重表示使用的物品或账户。 E.g. It's a lot of money. I'll pay by bank transfer. 这是一大笔钱，我将用银行转账支付。 We can pay in euros when we are shopping in Europe. 在欧洲购物时我们可以用欧元支付。 We can pay with our mobile phones almost everywhere in China. 在中国，我们几乎可以在任何地方使用手机支付。 【即时练习】Paying _________ credit card is easier and safer than paying by cash nowadays. A. for B.by C. with D. on 2. If you shop online, you should always be careful with your personal information. 如果你在网上购物，务必谨慎保管个人信息。 (教材P20 Activity 1 B） be careful with sth.意为“小心/谨慎对待某物”,可与be careful of互换。 E.g. Everyone should be careful with batteries to avoid polluting the environment. 我们每个人都要谨慎处理电池，以避免环境污染。 We should be careful of the fallen powerlines in the earthquake. 地震中我们要留心掉落的电线。 归纳：be careful的其他相关短语 be careful about (doing) sth. 小心/谨慎(做)某事 be careful(not) to do sth. 当心(不要)做某事 be careful+ that从句 小心…… E.g. —You should be careful about what to say. She is in a sad mood these days. =You should be careful about talking to her. She is in a sad mood these days. 对她说话要谨慎些，她最近一直很悲伤。 —OK. 好的。 Be careful not to eat too much ice cream. It's bad for your health. 当心不要吃太多的冰激凌，那对你的健康有害。 —Be careful that you don't oversleep.小心不要睡过头了。 —I see. 我知道。 【即时练习】—Sandy, _________ the pieces of that broken glass. Let me sweep them into the rubbish bin first. —OK, I will. Thank you, mum. A. to be careful with B.be careful with C. being careful with D. is careful with 3. What kind of money do people use in the USA? 在美国人们使用哪种货币? (教材P20 Activity 1 C） what kind of意为“哪一种”。 E.g. What kind of music do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种音乐? 拓展：what kind of和which kind of的具体用法 (1)核心结构：疑问词what/ which +kind / sort / type +of+名词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语? 注意：①名词：可数或不可数都行，但可数名词常用复数，表示泛指。 ②助动词/情态动词：do/does /did/would /will/ can/could等。 (2)口语简化：What kind (of books) do you want? Which kind(of books) do you prefer? (3)what/which的细微差：what kind of：不限定范围，让对方自由回答。 which kind of：已知有几个选项，让对方从中挑选。 （4）“kind of”后名词单复数 ①泛指“哪一类”→用复数 E.g. What kind of books do you like? 你喜欢哪一类书籍？ ②特指“哪一种”→用单数 E.g. What kind of book is best for a 3-year-old? 哪种书对三岁的孩子最为合适？ ③不可数名词不变 E.g. What kind of furniture do you want? 你想要哪种家具？ 【即时练习】1） — What kind of _________ do you want to make friends with? — Honest ones. A. person B. people C. man 2） —What kind of _________ do you prefer to take when travelling to another city: buses or trains? —I like trains better because they are more stable (稳固的). A. transport B. festival C. language D. weather Function 1. May I pay the bill by credit card? 我可以用信用卡支付吗? (教材P22 Activity 3） bill,名词，意为“账单”。pay the bill意为“付账；付款”。 E.g. —May I have the bill? 可以结账了吗? —Of course.当然可以。 Excuse me, how can I pay the bill? 打扰了，请问我怎样付款? 拓展：bill 的其他意思及用法 bill 名词 纸币；钞票 同义词为note。a ten-yuan bill 一张10元的纸币 (提交议会讨论的)议案，法案 pass a bill 通过一项法案 (剧院等的)节目单 top the bill 领衔主演 动词 开账单，发账单(要求付款) bill sb. for sth. 给某人开......的账单 E.g. Kangkang found a ten-yuan bill on the floor and gave it to his teacher. 康康在地上发现了一张10元的纸币并把它交给了老师。 The country passed a new energy bill. 这个国家通过了一项新的能源法案。 Tian Meng will top the bill at the school concert. 田梦将在学校音乐会上领衔出演。 —Please bill me for the books I bought. 请帮我开一下我购买的书的账单。 —OK.好的。 【即时练习】—_________ —Let me have a look. Beijing Roast Duck is￥40. 00, and the hot dog is￥3. 00. A. May I have the bill？ B.Can I pay the bill？ B. Can I help you？ D.Can I give you money? 2. I'll pay with my phone. Lingling, it's your turn. 我用手机支付。玲玲，轮到你了。 (教材P22 Activity 3） it's your turn,意为“轮到你了”。此时turn在这里作名词，意为“(依次轮到的)机会”。 E.g. —Good morning, sir. Please wait for your turn over there. 早上好，先生。请在那边依次等待。 —OK.好的。 拓展：turn的其他相关短语 in turn轮流地；依次地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事(侧重动作的先后顺序和将要进行的动作) take turns (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事(轮流做正在进行或反复进行的事，强调动作的持续性或正在发生的状态) E.g. —Why not talk about our dreams in turn? 为什么不依次谈论我们的梦想呢? —Good idea.好主意。 We should take turns to clean the classroom. (可能指接下来的安排)我们应该轮流打扫教室。 They took turns driving during the long journey.(强调轮流开车动作的持续)长途旅行中他们轮流开车。 【即时练习】1）Each of them ______ able to (能够) drive a car, so they can take turns _____ on such a long way. A. are; to drive B. is; to drive C. is; drive D. are; drive 2）不要插队，你必须排队等候。 Don’t jump the queue. You have to with your _________. 3. The food will be ready in a moment. 饭菜一会儿就好。 (教材P22 Activity 3） in a moment意为“一会儿；很快；立刻”。 E.g. —I'll come in a moment. 我一会儿就到。 —That's great. 那太好了。 拓展：moment的相关短语 wait/just a moment 稍等；稍候 one moment 稍等；稍候 at that moment 就在那时候 at the last moment 在最后一刻 (at) any moment (now) 即将；很快 a moment ago刚刚；刚才 E.g. Wait/Just a moment; I'll finish my work soon. 请稍等，我很快就完成工作。 At that moment, the telephone rang. 就在那时，电话铃响了。 We got on the train at the last moment. 我们在最后一刻上了火车。 —Don't run away. Our next class will begin at any moment. 不要乱跑，我们下一节课即将开始。 —OK, Mr. Li. 好的，李老师。 —Where is Li Ming? 李明在哪儿? —I don't know. But I saw him in his office a moment ago. 我不知道。但我刚刚在他的办公室见过他。 【即时练习】别担心，我一会儿就回来。 Don’t worry. I will be back _____ ____ ________. 4. By the way, can l have a fork, a spoon, and a pair of chopsticks, please? 顺便提一下，能给我一把叉子、一把勺子和一双筷子吗? (教材P22 Activity 3） by the way意为“顺便提一下；捎带说一声；附带问一句”,用于转入与之前主题无关的事。 E.g. By the way, are you free tomorrow morning? 顺便问一下，明天上午你有空吗? By the way, I found your pet dog in the garden. 顺便说一下，我在花园见到你的宠物狗了。 【即时练习】—_________, why are you so late? —I helped an old man ________ to school. A. By the way; in my way B.By the way; on the way C. On the way; in the way D. In away; by the way 5. It's so convenient to pay in China now, but we should keep our wallets, mobile phones and cards in safe places.现在在中国支付很方便，但是我们应该把钱包、手机和卡放在安全的地方。 (教材P22 Activity 3） convenient,形容词，意为“便利的；方便的”。 “It's convenient (for sb.) to do sth.”,意为“(对某人来说)做某事很方便”。 E.g. —It's very convenient to shop in China.在中国购物很方便。 —Of course. 当然。 It's so convenient to go around in big cities, because there are many different means of transportation there. 在大城市出行非常便利，因为有许多不同种类的交通工具。 拓展：convenient的相关单词 单词 词性 意思 用法 convenience 名词 方便；便利；适宜 the convenience of doing sth.做某事的便利 for convenience为了便利 at one's convenience在某人方便时；在某人适宜的地点 inconvenient 形容词 引起麻烦的；不方便的 an inconvenient time/place不方便的时间/地点 conveniently 副词 方便地；便利地；适宜地 E.g. The students all like the convenience of taking the school bus in our school. 我们学校的学生都喜欢乘坐校车带来的便利。 For convenience, the teacher divided the class into ten groups. 为了方便起见，这位老师把全班同学分成了10个小组。 —I want to visit you at your convenience. 我想在你方便时拜访你。 一OK. 好的。 It's inconvenient to go out in rainy days.下雨天出门很不方便。 I can't buy what I need conveniently in this small village. 在这个小山村我不能方便地买到我所需要的东西。 【即时练习】Apple Store felt sorry for the ____________ caused by using cash only. (convenient) Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. In ancient times,when people beganto trade things, there was a need for borrowing and lending. 古时候，当人们开始以物易物时，借贷的需求就产生了。 (教材P24 Activity 2） there is a need for doing sth.意为“有必要做某事”。此时need在这里作名词，意为“需要；必须”。 E.g. There is a growing need for vegetables and fruit in our community. 我们社区对蔬菜和水果的需求在不断增长。 There is a need for bringing your umbrella, because the weather forecast says it's rainy today. 你需要带伞，因为天气预报说今天是雨天。 归纳：need的其他词性及用法 need 实义动词 “需要；必需” need sth. 需要某物 need (sb.) to do sth. 需要（某人）做某事 sth. needs doing 某物需要被做（主动表被动） 情态动词 “需要” 表示没有必要或询问是否有必要，后跟动词原形。 名词 “需要；必须” there’s no need (for sb.) to do sth. （某人）不必要做某事 “特别需要；迫切要求” be in need of sth. 需要（帮助、建议、金钱等） feel the need to do sth. 特别需要做某事 “需要的事物；生活必需品”(一般以复数形式出现) basic human needs 人类的基本需要 “(食物或金钱的)短缺；缺乏” in need 需要帮助的；（食物或金钱的）短缺；缺乏 注意：need作情态动词显得非常正式，常用于否定句中。need to 结构更为常见，尤用于肯定句和疑问句中。 E.g. She is thirsty and needs some water. (作实义动词) 她渴了，需要一些水。 Do I need to throw these old clothes away at once? 我需要立刻扔掉这些旧衣服吗? I need him to buy some fruit for me. 我需要他为我买些水果。 Your hair needs cutting. 你的头发该剪一剪了。 You needn't finish the work right now. (作情态动词) 你没必要立刻完成这项工作。 Need I pay the bill now? 我需要现在结账吗? There is no need to shout at me. It's not my fault. (作名词) 不必对我大声喊叫，这并不是我的错。 The people were in great need of water and food after earthquakes. 地震过后人们迫切需要水和食物。 She felt the need to make some good friends. 她很想交几个好朋友。 He has to work hard to satisfy his family's everyday needs. 他不得不努力工作来满足家人的日常需求。 We should care for the people in need. 我们应当关心那些生活困难的人。 【即时练习】 There _________ no need for him to buy those books. A. be B. am C. is D. are 2. Take the trade between Kron the hunter and Nokk the toolmaker asan example. 以猎人克朗和工具匠诺克之间的交易为例。 (教材P24 Activity 2） take sth./sb.as an example意为“以……为例；将……作为例证”。此时example在这里作名词，意为“例子；例证”。 E.g. Take climate change as an example to illustrate global challenges. 以气候变化为例，说明全球性挑战。 Let me give you an example. 让我给你举个例子。 【即时练习】以智能手机为例，它改变了我们的生活方式。 ________ the smartphone ________ _______ _________，it has changed our way of life. 3. After hearing this, the bank officer took out some papers and began to help the farmer to fill them out. 听完这番话，银行职员拿出一些文件，开始帮这位农场主填写。 (教材P25 Activity 2） fill sth. out意为“填写(正式文件、表格等)”, 也可表述为fill out sth.。 E.g. Please fill out the form online. 请在线填写这个表格。 拓展：fill out的相关意思 fill out“长胖；膨胀；扩张”/“使(描述或故事)更详尽，使更充实” E.g. You have filled out these days. 你最近长胖了。 Can you fill out the description of the accident? 你能把事故描述得更详细点吗? 【即时练习】—Please _________ the form, and you can deposit (储存) your money in this bank.                   —OK. Thank you, sir. A. pay for B. check in C. depend on D. fill out 4. People will do this when they agree on something. 当人们达成协议时就会这样做。 (教材P25 Activity 2） agree on sth. 意为“就某事达成一致意见；商定”,可与agree about/upon sth.互换。 E.g. We agreed on the price of the new house. 我们就这所新房的价格达成了一致。 辨析：agree to sth., agree to do sth., agree with sb./sth.和agree on/about/upon sth. 短语 意思 用法 agree to sth. 同意；赞同某事 同意某个计划、条件或建议等。 agree to do sth. 同意；商定做某事 表示达成一致/商定做某事。 agree with sb./sth. 同意某人的看法；赞同某个观点或说法 ①后跟人名或人称代词的宾格形式，表示赞同某人的观点或看法。 ②后跟名词或代词，表示同意某个观点或说法。 agree on/about/upon sth. 就某事达成一致意见 表示双方在某个问题上意见一致。 E.g. All the students agreed to their teacher's plan. 所有学生都赞同老师的计划。 They agreed to play football with us. 他们同意跟我们踢足球赛。 I agree with you completely. 我完全同意你的看法。 She didn't agree with this opinion. 她不认同这个观点。 We agree on/about/upon most things except the food in life. 在生活中，除了食物外，我们在大多数事情上意见一致。 【即时练习】We didn’t _________ Jerry, but we ________ a date to discuss about it. A. agree on; agreed to B. agreed with; agreed on C. agree with; agreed on D. agree with; agreed to Theme Reading 1. Number the pictures. 给这些图片排序。 (教材P26 Activity 1） number, 动词，意为“标号；给……编号”。 E.g. Please put the notebooks in order and number them. 请把这些笔记本有序摆放并编号。 拓展：number还可作名词，其意思和用法如下： number 数字；数；数量 an even number 偶数 an odd number 奇数 a round number 整十数 电话号码 telephone number 电话号码 office number 办公室电话 号码；......号；第....号 a number 4 bus 4路公交车 数量；数目 a number of sth. 数个/许多 (谓语动词用复数) the number of sth. ......的数量 (谓语动词用单数) E.g. I'm very good at numbers. 我很擅长数字。 What's your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少? You can take the number 5 bus. 你可以乘坐5路公交车。 A number of students are fond of swimming. 许多学生喜爱游泳。 The number of girls in my class is 25. 我们班女生的数量是25. 【即时练习】With a sharp drop in housing prices, _________ people have sold their houses, and the number of second-hand houses ________ growing rapidly these days. A. a number of; is B. a great deal of; is C. plenty of; are D. lots of; are 2. But do you know how money has developed over time? 但你知道货币是如何随着时间发展的吗? (教材P26 Activity 2） over time意为“随着时间的推移”。 E.g. Over time, he learned to be more patient with others. 慢慢地，他学会了对别人更有耐心。 归纳：over time的同义短语 with time as time goes on/by as time passes by 【即时练习】只要你不放弃，随着时间的推移，你就会越来越擅长这件事。 As long as you don’t give up, you’ll get better at it _________ _________. 3. Before people used money, they traded goods directly. 在使用货币以前，人们直接进行以物易物。 (教材P26 Activity 2） directly, 副词，意为“直接；径直”。 E.g. He walked into the teacher's office directly without knocking at the door. 他没有敲门直接走进了老师的办公室。 拓展：directly的相关单词 单词 词性 意思 用法 direct 形容词 直接的 direct effects直接影响 笔直的；径直的(中途不停，不改变方向) a direct flight直飞航班 率直的；坦率的；直言的 a direct question/answer一个坦率的问题/回答 (没有任何防护的)直射受热/日照 direct sunlight 阳光直射 indirect 形容词 间接引起的 indirect effects间接影响 indirectly 副词 间接地 direction 名词 方向；方位 in all directions四面八方 in the direction of在/向/朝……方向/方位 e.g. Playing computer games has a direct effect on the students' grades. 玩电脑游戏对学生们的成绩有着直接的影响。 There's a direct train to Shanghai. 有一趟直达上海的火车。 I want to ask you a direct question. Can you give me a direct answer? 我想问你一个直接的问题，你能坦率地回答吗? We shouldn't stay in direct sunlight without any protection. 我们不能没有任何防护就暴露在阳光直射下。 He blames me in an indirect way. 他用一种委婉的方式批评了我。 The change of the climate affects us all, directly or indirectly. 气候变化直接或间接地影响了我们所有人。 It was raining, so people in the squareran away in all directions. 下雨了，广场上的人们朝四面八方跑开了。 The film will begin, so people are all heading in the direction of the cinema. 电影将要开始了，人们都朝着电影院的方向走去。 【即时练习】—Could you tell me how to be more _________? —Oh, just remember not to speak ________. A. polite, direct B. polite, directly C. politely, direct D. politely, directly 4. In this case, the cow was used as a form of “money”. 在这种情况下，牛被当作“货币”的一种形式。 (教材P26 Activity 2） case, 名词，意为“情况；事例”。in this case意为“在这种情况下”。 E.g. In this case, you can try another way to solve this problem. 在这种情况下，你可以尝试另一种方法来解决这个问题。 拓展：case的其他相关短语 in case of sth.如果；假使 in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话 in any case无论如何；不管怎样 (just) in case以防万一： in case用于引出将来可能发生的事件时，其后从句用一般现在时，不用一般将来时。 in case用于引出过去的事件时，其后从句用一般过去时，不用过去将来时。 E.g. In casc of fire, please call 119. 假使发生火灾，请拨打119。 —The library is closed. 图书馆已经关闭了。 —In that case, I'll go tomorrow. 既然那样，我明天再去。 In any case, I want to try to finish the difficult task. 无论如何，我都想尽力完成这项艰难的任务。 You should take an umbrella in case it rains. 你应该带把伞，以防下雨。 I took an umbrella in case it raine dyesterday. 我昨天带了伞，以防下雨。 【即时练习】1）Please take an umbrella with you __________ it rains ________. A. so that; in the way B. even though; in this way C. as soon as; by the way D. in case; on the way 2）— The library is closed now. — _________, we can go there tomorrow morning. A. In this case B. In case of C. In any case D. In that case 5. People in ancient China invented shell money. 古代中国人发明了贝壳货币。 (教材P26 Activity 2） invent, 动词，意为“发明；创造”。 E.g. The boy invented some useful things. 这个男孩儿发明了一些实用的东西。 拓展：invent的相关单词 inventor，名词, 发明者；发明家；创造者 invention，名词, 发明；创造；虚构；创意 inventive，形容词, 有创意的；善于创新的 inventor invention E. g. Tomas Edison was a great inventor. 托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。 Computers are a very useful invention. 电脑是一项非常有用的发明。 She has an inventive mind. 她很有创造力。 【即时练习】 Edison was a great _________. He invented lots of _________. A. invention; invented B. inventor; inventions C. inventer; invention D. invent; inventions 6. To make doing business easier across the country, he made the whole country use the same type of money—a round coin with a square hole in the center. 为了便利全国贸易，他让全国使用同一种货币——圆形方孔铜钱。 (教材P26 Activity 2） do business意为“做生意”。 E.g. —I like doing business with you. 我喜欢和你做生意。—Me, too. 我也一样。 归纳：business的其他常见用法 on business 出差 be in business准备就绪 business is business 公事公办 get down to business着手处理正事；开始认认真工作 (go) out of business (尤指因财务困难)停业；歇业 It's none of your business. 跟你无关。 E.g. My father will go to Beijing on business next week. 我父亲下周将要去北京出差。 I'll buy some food and drink, and then we'll be in business. 我将去买些食物和饮料，然后我们就万事俱备了。 About this thing, I can't help you—business is business. 关于这件事，我不能帮助你——公事就是公事。 Let's get down to business now. 现在我们开始干正事吧。 This small company went out of business last month. 这家小公司上个月倒闭了。 It's none of your business where I will go. 我去哪里跟你无关。 【即时练习】我爸爸因公去过桂林两次。 My dad has been to Guilin _________ _________ twice. 7. Centuries later, when there was less metal for making money, the government of the Song Dynasty started to produce paper money一“jiaozi”. 几个世纪后，当用于制造货币的金属越来越少时，宋朝政府开始发行纸币——“交子”。(教材P26 Activity 2） less, 限定词/代词，意为“较少的，更少的”, 常与不可数名词连用。 E.g. People should spend less time on their mobile phones. 人们应该花更少的时间在手机上。 Our children have grown up slowly, so we have less to worry about now. 我们的孩子已经慢慢长大了，因此我们现在要担忧的事情少一些了。 拓展：less还可作副词，意为“更少地，较少地；较小程度地”。 E.g. He did sports less than before. 他比以前运动少了。 归纳：less的相关短语 less and less越来越少(多修饰不可数名词) no less than (强调数量)不少于；多达 E.g. —We have less and less water to drink. 我们能喝的水越来越少了。 —Yes. 是的。 —The five-year-old girl can recite poems no less than an adult. 这位5岁的小女孩能背诵的古诗不比一位成年人少。 —How amazing! 多么令人惊奇啊! 链接：-less 还可作为后缀与其他单词组合构成新单词，意为“无……的；不会……的”。 单词&意思 词性 careless粗心的 形容词 countless数不尽的 endless无止境的 limitless无限制的 meaningless毫无意义的 mindless没头脑的 priceless无价的 tasteless无味的 timeless永恒的 【即时练习】—What should I do if I want to be healthy? —You should eat _________ fast food and take ________ exercise. A. less; less B. more; more C. less; more D. more; less 8. But money will surely continue toexist in some form. 但货币肯定会以某种形式继续存在。 (教材P27 Activity 2） 1) continue, 动词，意为“继续做；持续；继续说”。 continue to do sth.意为“继续做某事”, 可与go on to do sth.互换。 E.g. He continued to listen to the teacher after taking notes. 记完笔记后他继续听讲。 辨析：continue to do sth.和continue doing sth. continue to do sth. 继续做某事 (完成某件事后) 继续做另外一件事。 continue doing sth. 继续做某事 (中断后)继续做同一件事。 E.g. After sleeping for half an hour, I continued to do my homework. 睡了半小时后，我继续写作业。 The police will continue searching for the robber. 警察们将继续搜索那名盗贼。 2) in some form意为“以某种形式”。此时 some 在这里作限定词，意为“某个”, 与单数名词连用，表示未知或未确指的人、地点、事物或时间。 E.g. Creativity exists in some form in every person. 创造力以某种形式存在于每个人的身上。 He must meet some kind of trouble. 他一定遇到了某种麻烦。 【即时练习】1) Mary continued _________ when the music stopped suddenly. A. sings B. sang C. singing D. sung 2) After playing games, he continued _________ through books. A. look B. looked C. to look D. looking 9. anything used to be a sign for something else任何事物都曾是其他事物的象征 (教材P26 Activity 3） used to do sth. 意为“过去经常做某事(用于过去持续或经常发生的事);曾经(做某事)”, 其中used to是作 情态动词。 E.g. I used to live in a small village, but now I live in a big city. 我过去曾住在一个小山村，但现在我生活在一个大城市。 拓展：used to的句式结构如下： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+used to+动词原形+其他. Lucy used to be shy, but now she is active. 露茜过去害羞，但她现在很活跃。 否定句 ①主语+didn't+use to+动词原形+其他. I didn't use to walk to the park. = I usedn't to walk to the park. 我过去不常步行去公园。 ②主语+usedn't to+动词原形+其他. 一般疑问句 ①—Did+主语+use to+动词原形+其他? —Yes, 主语+ did. —No, 主语+ didn't. —Did you use to come to school by bike? —你过去常骑自行车上学吗? —Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. —是的，我常骑。/ 不，我不常骑。 ②—Used+主语+to +动词原形+其他? —Yes, 主语+used. —No, 主语+usedn't. —Used your father to smoke? —你父亲过去常吸烟吗? —Yes, he used. / No, he usedn't. —是的，他常吸烟。/ 不，他不常吸。 特殊疑问句 ①疑问词+did+主语+use to+动词原形+其他? What sports did you use to play? =What sports used you to play? 你过去常做什么运动? ②疑问词+used+主语+to+动词原形+其他? 辨析：used to 和be used to 短语 意思 用法 used to 过去经常；曾经 指过去惯常做某事，而现在则不那么做了。 be used to 习惯于；适应于 指习惯于（做）某事，后跟n./pron./v-ing, 可与get used to互换。 被用来做某事 use...to do sth. 的被动结构，后跟动词原形。 E.g. I didn't use to be good at English, but now I can speak it well. 我过去并不擅长英语，但现在我能说得很好。 I am/get used to getting up early now. 我现在习惯于早起。 The machine is used to make cakes. 这台机器被用来制作蛋糕。 【即时练习】1）I'm not used to _________ up late at night. A. stay B. staying C. be staying 2）The old man _________ take a walk after dinner, but now he doesn’t. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to Grammar in Use 1. His action tells others the answer. 他的动作告诉了他人答案。(教材P28 Activity 1） action, 不可数名词，意为“动作；功能；行动”。 E.g. His action drew everyone's attention. 他的动作引起了每个人的注意。 拓展：① take action意为“采取行动”。 E.g. We need to take action to protect the environment. 我们需要采取行动来保护环境。 ② action还可作可数名词，意为“行为；作为”。 E.g. The boy tried to think up some excuses for his actions. 这个男孩尽力为他的行为想出一些借口。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于语言。 【即时练习】If we don’t _________ to stop pollution, there will be less fresh water. A. take action B. make money C. do homework D. face danger 2. Before you pay, you should connect your phone to the internet. 支付前应将手机联网。 (教材P28 Activity 2） connect, 动词，意为“连接；沟通”。 connect sth. to sth .意为“使某物连接/接通某物”, 可与connect sth. with sth.互换。 E.g. First, you should connect the printer to the computer. 首先你应该把打印机与电脑连接。 This bridge will connect the city with that island. 这座桥将连接这座城市和那座岛屿。 拓展：① connect的其他短语 connect A with/to B 注意到……有关联；把……联系起来 connect with sth. 衔接；联运 connect sb.(to sb./sth.) 为(某人)接通电话 connect with sb. 与某人建立良好关系，沟通 connect sth.up (to sth.)/ connect up (to sth.) 将……(与电源、煤气、设备等)连接起来，接通 E.g. We were surprised that someone connected him with/to the loss of the bike. 看到有人把他和自行车的丢失牵扯到一起让我们很吃惊。 My flight to Beijing connects with a short train trip. 我飞往北京的航班需要转乘一段短途火车。 Wait a moment, please. I'll try to connect you. 请稍等，我正尽力为您接通电话。 Though I have worked with him for about a year, I haven't connected with him yet. 尽管跟他共事快一年了，但我还没能与他建立良好的关系。 He connected up the two machines .他把这两台机器连接起来了。 ② connect的相关单词 connected形容词， (两个或以上的人或事物)有联系的，相关的 connectiont 名词，(两种事实、想法等的)联系，关联 connection with sth. 与某事有联系 E.g. The two questions are closely connected. 这两个问题有着密切的联系。 The death of these birds here must havea direct connection with water pollution. 这些鸟的死亡和水污染有直接关联。 【即时练习】1) His success _________ his hard work and the support from his family. A. is connected with B. is careful with C. is good for D. is home to 2）The Internet is closely connected _________ our daily life. Can you imagine life without it? A. from B. in C. against D. with 3. With the rapid growth of internet technology, predictions suggest that digital money will greatly improve the digital economy in the future. 随着互联网技术的快速发展，预测表明数字货币在未来将极大地促进数字经济增长。 (教材P28 Activity 3） 1) prediction, 名词，意为“预言；预测”。 E.g. Our grades proved that our teacher's predictions were right. 我们的成绩证明老师的预测是正确的。 链接：predict, 动词，意为“预测；预言”。 E.g. She predicted that Mr.Wang would be our new manager. 她预测王先生将成为我们的新经理。 2) suggest, 动词，意为“表明；建议；提议”。 E.g. Recent studies suggest the possibility of a cure for the disease.最新的研究表明这一疾病有可能治愈。 My mother suggested that we should go for a walk for an hour every day. 我妈妈建议我们每天散步一小时。 辨析：suggest和advise 单词 词性 意思 用法 suggest 动词 建议；提议 ① suggest doing sth. 提议做某事(直接跟v-ing形式，doing前面没有人称代词) ② suggest+(that)从句 建议/提议做某事 advise 建议；劝告；忠告 ① advise sb.to do sth .建议某人做某事 ② advise+(that)从句 建议做某事 ③ advise doing sth. 建议做某事(直接跟v-ing形式， doing前面没有人称代词) ④ advise (sb.) against sth./doing sth. 奉劝/劝告某人注意某事/不要做某事 E.g. The doctor suggested drinking more warm water. 医生建议多喝热水。 —The doctor suggested that we should eat more vegetables. 医生建议我们应该多吃蔬菜。 —I think so. 我认为如此。 —The government advised people to stay at home because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨，政府建议人们待在家里。 —Yes. 是的。 —My teacher advised that I should read books more often. 我的老师建议我应该更多地读书。 —I think she is right. 我认为她说得对。 I'd advise taking some water if you climb mountains. 如果你去爬山，我建议带些水。 I advise you against going out alone. 我奉劝你不要独自出去。 【即时练习】1)____________ (predict) like a paperless office by 2020 are often proven (证明) wrong by reality. 2) Our teacher suggested _________ more English articles to improve our reading skills. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. The sports meeting is coming on October 12th. 运动会将于10月12日举行。(教材30 Activity 1 A） be coming是现在进行时结构，在这里表示将来。 E.g. —Lin Tao, you're wanted on the phone. 林涛，有人打电话找你。 —OK, Mom. I'm coming soon. 好的，妈妈。我马上就来。 链接：现在进行时表示将来的用法 ①含义：现在进行时除了表示正在进行的动作外，还可表示将来的计划或安排，强调“已计划好、即将发生”的含义。 ②常用动词：多与表示位移的动词搭配，常见的词有： go、come、arrive、travel、fly、drive、start、begin、meet、join、return、move、leave等。 E.g. My mother is returning tomorrow. 我妈妈将于明天回来。 ③注意事项： a.常与明确的将来时间状语连用，否则会被误解为正在进行。 b.不可与“非计划类”动词连用，如think、like、know等表状态的词。 【即时练习】The Spring Festival will begin soon. My uncle _________ to celebrate it with us. A. will be coming B. comes C. came D. is coming 2. What does a good pair of running shoes mean to Wang Junfeng? 一双好的跑鞋对王俊峰来说意味着什么? (教材P30 Activity 1B） mean sth. to sb. 意为“某事/某物对某人重要(或有价值)”。 E.g. Our friendship means a lot to me. 我们的友谊对我来说意义重大。 拓展：mean的其他相关短语 mean to do sth. 意欲/打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 be meant to do sth. (尤因某人的吩咐或根据职责)应该(必须)做某事 E.g. As a matter of fact, I didn't mean to let you down. 事实上，我并不想让你失望。 The new task means staying up to work tonight. 这个新任务意味着今晚要熬夜加班了。 They are meant to protect the people.他们应该保护民众安全。 【即时练习】Growing up means _________ more responsibilities for our family and society. A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes 3. First, I make a budget and stick to it. 首先，我制定预算并严格执行。(教材P31 Activity 2） budget,名词，意为“预算”。make a budget意为“做预算”。 E.g. Many families increased the education budget this year. 许多家庭今年都增加了教育预算。 To save money, my mother made abudget at the beginning of this year. 为了节约开支，我妈妈在今年年初制订了预算。 【即时练习】我们每年都制定预算。 We _________ _______ budget every year. 4. I always make a shopping list before going to the store and often think twice before buying something. 我总是在去商店前列好购物清单，并且在买东西前再三考虑。 (教材P31 Activity 2） twice, 副词，意为“两次；两遍”。 think twice意为“(在决定做某事之前)再三考虑；慎重考虑”; think twice about sth./about doing sth. 意为“三思而后行；慎重考虑后再决定”。 E.g. I do sports twice a day. 我每天做两次运动。 We should think twice before making decisions. 做决定前一定要慎重考虑。 拓展：twice还可意为“两倍”。 E.g. This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间的面积是那个房间面积的两倍。 【即时练习】这件事很重要，你们行动前必须三思。 This thing is very important, and you must _________ _________ before taking action. 5. Lastly, I also try to make some money on my own. 最后，我也试着自己赚钱。(教材P31 Activity 2） on one's own意为“独自地；单独地”。 E.g. He finished that task on his own yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午，他独自完成了那项任务。 拓展：own的其他意思及用法 own 形容词/代词 意为“(用于强调)自己的；本人的”,常与形容词性物主代词或名词所有格连用。 own 动词 意为“拥有，有(尤指买来的东西)”,不用于进行时。 owner, 名词，意为“物主；所有权人；主人”。 E.g. I want my own new bike. 我想要一辆属于自己的新自行车。 —The old man owns a big farm. 这位老人拥有一个大型农场。 —I see. 我知道。 People helped the pet dog find its owner. 人们帮助这只宠物狗找到了它的主人。 【即时练习】Wang Qin walked home on _________ own after school today. A. he B. him C. his D. himself Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. However, the money will be just enough to satisfy their basic needs for living. 然而，这些钱将仅仅够满足他们的基本生活需求。(教材P34 Activity 2） basic, 形容词，意为“基本的；必需的；基本需要的”。 E.g. Education is a basic right for everyy person. 教育是每个人基本的权利。 拓展：basic的其他意思及相关单词 basic ①最简单的；初级的；初步的 ②基本的；基础的 ③基本的；没有附加成分的 相关单词 base 名词 根基；基底；基座 据点；总部；大本营 (支持、收入、力量等的)来源，源泉，基础 动词 以......为据点(或大本营等)；把(总部等)设在 based 形容词 be based on sth. (以某事)为基础(或根据) E.g. My knowledge of English is very basic. 我的英语学习得很粗浅。 Cooking is a basic life skill. 做饭是一种基本的生活技能。 Besides basic salary, the workers can also get some other benefits. 除了基本工资，工人们还有一些其他的福利。 The base of the tower is very strong. 这座塔的基座很结实。 The base of our company is in Beijing. 我们公司的总部在北京。 His ideas have a broad base of support. 他的想法得到了广泛支持。 The factory is based in Shanghai. 这家工厂将总部设在上海。 The film is based on a true story. 这部电影是基于一个真实的故事改编的。 【即时练习】It’s important to learn _________ (basic) survival skills in natural disasters. 2. For another, they will be thankful for the support and therefore be more responsible for society in the future.另一方面，他们会感激这份支持，因此在今后对社会更加负责。(教材P34 Activity 2） 1) be thankful for意为“因某事而感激/感谢……”。 E.g. The woman was very thankful for the policeman's help. 这位女士非常感激这位警察的帮助。 拓展：thankful的其他用法 be thankful to do sth. 因做某事而感到欣慰/感激 be thankful+(that)从句 因……而感激 E.g. I was thankful to get support from you. 得到你的支持，我感激不尽。 He was thankful that the train didn't leave. 他很欣慰火车还没有离开。 2) responsible, 形容词，意为“有责任；负责；承担义务”。 be responsible for sb./sth.意为“对某人/某事承担责任”。 E.g. The children should be responsible for their parents when they are old. 当父母老去时孩子应当对他们负责。 拓展：① responsible的其他相关短语 be responsible to sb./sth. 向某人/某事负责 be responsible for doing sth. 对做某事负责 E.g. The worker must be responsible to this big mistake. 这位工人必须对这个重大失误负责。 Mr. Wang will be responsible for building the bridge. 王先生将负责这座桥梁的建设。 ② responsible的相关单词 responsibility 名词 责任；负责 have responsibility for (doing) sth. 有(做)某事的责任 take responsibility for (doing) sth. 承担(做)某事的责任 responsibly 副词 明事理地；认真负责地；可靠地 act responsibly 办事认真负责 responsive 形容词 反应敏捷；反应积极 responsive to sb./sth.对某人/某物反应快的/积极的 E.g. As an adult, we should take responsibility for the things we do. 作为一名成年人，我们应该对我们做的事情负责任。 Do you think he can do this thing responsibly? 你觉得他能认真负责地完成这件事吗? We should be responsive to the needs of the customers. 我们应该积极满足顾客的需求。 【即时练习】1）We should always _________ our teachers and parents who have supported us all the way. A. be strict with B. be thankful to C. be angry with D. be similar to 2）Mike responsible _________ designing the entire project this year? A. of B. to C. for D. with 3. What shall we do? 我们该怎么办? (教材P35 Activity 3） shall, 情态动词，意为“应该；将要”,否定式为shan't。 E.g. We shall be more careful from now on. 今后我们要更细心点。 We shan't stay here for long. 我们不会在这待太久。 拓展：shall的其他意思及用法 shall (同I和we连用，表示将来)将要；将会 在疑问句中同I和we连用，表示提出或征求意见 (某事)必定/一定/应该(发生) 应该；必须(用于正式文件中，表示命令、法律、允诺等) E.g. I shall go to the airport to meet my mom. 我将要去机场接我妈妈。 Shall we meet at six? 我们六点见面好吗? All the students shall finish all theexercises in an hour. 所有学生应当在一小时内完成所有的练习题。 All the payments shall be paid by check. 所有的款项必须要用支票支付。 【即时练习】—________ we go fishing this afternoon? —Sure. It _________ be sunny. A. Shall; shall B. Will; won’t C. Will; shall D. Shall; will 4. Once upon a time, there was a farmer. 从前，有一个农夫。(教材P35 Activity 4） once upon a time意为“从前，以前，那时候”,指在过去的某一个时候。 E.g. Once upon a time, farmers mainly used oxen to farm. 从前，农民主要用牛耕地。 同义词组：long long ago 【即时练习】Once upon a time, there _________ a girl called Cinderella. A. is B. be C. was 5. Every day, the goose laid a golden egg for him. 每天，这只鹅都会为他下一颗金蛋。 (教材P35 Activity 4） lay, 动词，意为“下(蛋),产(卵)”。 E.g. The bird laid some eggs in its nest. 这只鸟在巢里下了几个蛋。 拓展：lay还可意为“安放，放置”,可与place 互换。 E.g. —Please lay/place the books on the desk. 请把书摆放在桌子上。 —OK. 好的。 辨析：lie v. 躺；撒谎 过去式：lay 归纳：lay的相关短语 lay down (正式或坚决地)阐述，声明；规定 lay the table (英)摆放餐具 lay sb. off (因没活干而)解雇(雇员) lay sth. out 铺开；展开 E.g. He laid down his view in the meeting. 他在会议上阐述了自己的观点。 Please lay the table and be ready to have dinner. 请摆放餐具准备吃晚餐。 —The factory laid off a hundred workers last month. 这家工厂上个月解雇了一百名员工。 —What bad news! 真是糟糕的消息! He laid out a piece of paper and began to practice calligraphy. 他铺好了一张纸然后开始练习书法。 【即时练习】Don’t _________ in bed all morning! Get up quickly and help me ________ out yogurt and bread. A. lie; lay B. lay; lie C. lie; lie D. lay; lay 6. However, after a while, he became unhappy, because the goose laid only one egg each day. 然而，过了一段时间，他变得不开心了，因为这只鹅每天只下一颗蛋。(教材P35 Activity 4） after a while意为“过了一段时间；过了一会儿；不久以后”。此时while在这里作名词，意为“一段时间(尤指较短的时间)”。 E.g. After a while, Kangkang started to do his homework. 过了一会儿，康康开始写作业。 归纳：while作名词时的其他短语 once in a while 偶尔；有时；间或 for a while 一会儿 a short/little while 一小会儿 in a while 过一会儿 all the while 一直，始终 quite a while 很长时间 E.g. —I feel tired after work once in a while.下班后我偶尔会感到疲惫。 —Me, too. 我也是。 He thought for a while and then answered the questions. 他思考了一小会儿然后回答了问题。 —Read books for a short/little while and then go to bed. 读会儿书然后去睡觉。 —OK. 好的。 —Mr.Li will come in a while. 李先生过一会儿就过来。 —That's great. 那太好了。 The boy was listening to the teacher carefully all the while. 这个男孩儿一直认真地听老师讲课。 He talked with me for quite a while. 他跟我聊了很长时间。 【即时练习】过了一会儿，风开始减弱。 _________ ________ _________, the wind began to die down. 7. But, to his disappointment, he found nothing inside. 但令他失望的是，他发现鹅肚子里什么也没有。(教材P35 Activity 4） disappointment, 名词，意为“失望；沮丧；扫兴”。to one's disappointment意为“令某人失望的是”。 E.g. It's easy to see his disappointment in his eyes. 很容易看到他眼中的失望。 To my disappointment, the cinema was closed. 令我失望的是，电影院关门了。 拓展： to one's disappointment类似的短语 to one's joy 令某人高兴的是 to one's anger 令某人生气的是 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是 to one's knowledge 据某人所知 to one's amazement 令某人大为惊奇的是 to one's embarrassment令某人尴尬的是 to one's regret令某人遗憾的是 to one's satisfaction令某人满意的是 to one's advantage对某人有利的是 to one's disadvantage对某人不利的是 to one's mind依某人之见 to one's taste合某人口味 E.g. To her joy, she was chosen to give a speech.令她高兴的是，她被选中去做演讲。 To his anger, someone broke his glass. 令他生气的是，有人打碎了他的玻璃杯。 To my surprise, he failed the exam. 令我惊奇的是，他这次考试不及格。 To our amazement, the old man ran fast. 令我们大为惊奇的是，这位老人跑得很快。 To her embarrassment, she fell down while giving a speech. 令她尴尬的是，演讲时她摔倒了。 To my regret, I missed the chance to meet my favorite author. 令我遗憾的是，我错过了见到最喜欢的作家的机会。 To the manager's satisfaction, the project was finished ahead. 令经理满意的是，项目提前完成了。 The present situation is to our advantage. 目前形势对我们有利。 To our disadvantage, we are short of water. 对我们不利的是，我们缺乏水。 To her mind, he is impolite. 在她看来，他很没礼貌。 The soup is quite to her taste. 这汤很合她的口味。 【即时练习】He felt a great ______________ (disappoint) when he didn’t pass the English exam, but he decided to try harder next time. 单元语法 后缀 -ion 1. 后缀-ion 后缀-ion是英语中非常常见的名词后缀，主要用于将动词(或部分形容词)转化为抽象名词，表示“行为、过程、状态、结果或条件”。以下是变化规则和举例说明。 1) 规则变化 添加-ion时，动词词尾常发生规律性变化： (1) 直接加-ion 动词 名词 act做事；行动 action行动 construct修建；建造 construction建筑；建造；施工 depress使沮丧 depression抑郁症；精神忧郁 suggest建议；提议 suggestion建议；提议 E.g. We must take _________ to protect the earth.我们必须采取行动保护地球。 The construction of the new library will finish next month. 新图书馆的建造将于下月完成。 She suffered from severe ___________ after losing her job. 失业后她患上了严重的抑郁症。 (2) 去-e加-ion 动词 名词 create创造 creation创作；创造 educate教育 education (尤指学校)教育 pollute污染 pollution污染；玷污；弄脏 translate翻译 translation翻译 communicate交流(信息、消息、意见、情感等) communication表达；交流；交际；传递 E.g. The art class showed every _________ made by the students. 美术课展示了学生创作的每一件作品。 Good education helps children build a better future. 良好的教育帮助孩子们建设更美好的未来。 Air ___________ is worse in some big cities. 一些大城市的空气污染更严重。 The translation of this book is very wonderful. 这本书的翻译很精彩。 (3) 直接加-ation或去-e加-ation 动词 名词 inform了解；熟悉 information信息 converse交谈；谈话 conversation(非正式)交谈；谈话 imagine想象；设想 imagination想象力；想象 E.g. I'll write in for more____________. 我要写信索取更详细的信息。 We had a long _____________ in English yesterday. 我们昨天用英语进行了长谈。 (4) 辅音字母加-y结尾，变-y为-i加-cation 动词 名词 apply application申请 classify classification分类 E.g. I sent my ____________ to join the science club. 我提交了加入科学俱乐部的申请。 The ____________ of these words is wrong. 这些单词的分类有误。 (5) 去-t/-de/-d加-sion 动词 名词 convert(使)转变，转换，转化 conversion转变；转换；转化 conclude断定；推断出；得出结论 conclusion结论；推论 decide决定 decision (作出的)决定，抉择 expand扩大，增加，增强(尺码、数量或重要性);扩展 expansion扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀 E.g. The conversion of the old factory into a park took one year. 把旧工厂改建成公园用了一年。 In conclusion, saving water is everyone's duty. 总之，节约用水是每个人的责任。 It was a hard _________, but I chose the blue bike. 这是个艰难的决定，但我选了蓝色的自行车。 The rapid _________ of the city caused traffic problems. 这座城市的快速扩张导致了交通问题。 (6) -mit变为-mission 动词 名词 admit(常指勉)承认 admission(尤指对过错、罪行强的)承认，招认，招供 permit允许；准许 permission准许；许可；批准 E.g. Admission is by invitation only. 凭请柬入场。 The young man drove his father's car without ___________. 这位年轻人未经许可就开走了他父亲的车。 2) 特殊来源(非动词) 少数情况由形容词或其他词类转化而来。如：perfect(完美的)→perfection(完美；完善) E.g. She strives for perfection in her work. 她在工作中追求完美。 3) 其他变化 动词 名词 describe描述；形容;把……称为 description描写(文字)形容；说明 receive拿到；接到；收到 reception接待处；接待区 solve解决；处理 solution解决办法；处理手段 pronounce发音；读(音 pronunciation发音；读音 E.g. We arranged to meet in reception at 6:30 p.m. 我们约定下午6:30在接待处会面。 There is more than one ______________ of“garage”. garage的读音不止一种。 条件状语从句 2. 条件状语从句 if引导的条件状语从句说明“在某种条件下，主句动作才会发生”。简单说就是表达一种“如果……的话(条件), 就会……(结果)”的逻辑。其核心在于主句和从句的时态搭配会根据条件的类型(真实、可能、虚拟)而变化。 这类句子通常分两种情况：可能发生的真实情况和不太可能发生的假设情况。 1) 真实条件句 (1) 功能：谈论将来可能发生的真实情况及其可能的结果(条件很可能实现或有可能实现)。 (2) 时态： 主句(表示结果的句子) 从句(if后面的句子) ①用一般将来时(will+动词原形)。 从句用一般现在时。 ②用can/must等情态动词。 ③用祈使句。 E.g. If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the park. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去公园了。 You can learn English well if you practice every day. 如果你每天练习，就能学好英语。 If you see Tom, tell him to come to my office. 如果你见到汤姆，让他来我办公室。 2) 假设情况 (1) 功能：谈论现在或将来不太可能发生、或纯属想象的假设情况及其可能的结果(说话人认为条件实现的可能性很小或不存在）。 （2） 时态： 主句 从句 主句用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 从句用一般过去时（be动词一律用were，不用was）。 E.g. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. 如果我是一只鸟，我就会在天上飞。 She would help you if she had time.（实际她没时间）她如果有时间可能会帮你。 3) 提示 if从句可以放在主句前面，也可以放在后面。放在主句前面时，需在主句和从句中间加个逗号。 E.g. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. = You _______ _______ the exam if you ________ hard. 如果你努力学习，你会通过考试的。 语法知识点小测： 一、单词拼写。 1．I found some old ________ (coin) in my grandfather’s drawer. 2．It’s ________ (方便的) to carry e-books on a tablet when traveling—you can take hundreds of books with you. 3．Tom used to play basketball every weekend, but now he ________ (prefer) football. 4．Many ________ (foreign) come to China to learn Chinese every year. 5．My mother tells me to be ________ (care) when I help the old cross the street. 6．I think a shirt as a birthday present is too ________ (person). 7．I really enjoyed ________ (我自己) at the party last night. 8．This book costs 15 ________ (pound) in the bookstore. 9．Now many people pay with their ________ (可移动的) phones by scanning the QR code (扫描二维码) from the seller. 10．Wendy's father helped her ________ a new way of doing business. (invention) 二、完成句子。 1．似乎会学习的人把学习和生活联系起来。(connect) It seems that study ______ _________ _______ life by those good learners. 2．It is predicted that there will be less food. (改为同义句，用简单句) ________ ______ a ____________ that there will be less food. 3．很多父母给孩子准备自带午餐，但我自己做。 A lot of parents make their children packed lunches, but I make ________ own. 4．Shall we make a card for Sally as a birthday gift? (改为同义句) ________ ________ making a card for Sally as a birthday gift? 5．Once upon a time, an emperor liked clothes very much. (改为同义句) ________ ________ ________, an emperor liked clothes ________ ________. 6．后羿很快在花园里摆出她最爱吃的水果和甜点。(lay) Hou Yi quickly ________ ________ her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden. 7．我同意妈妈那些关于存钱的重要性的看法。 I agree ________ my mum ________ the importance of saving money. 8．教材原句：你想怎么支付，用现金还是刷卡？ How would you like to pay, in ________ or by card? 9．以移动支付为例，它让购物变得更简单，因为人们不再需要现金或银行卡。 ________ mobile payment ________ __________. It makes shopping much easier because people no longer need cash or cards. 10．在网上我们需要注意个人信息，以保护隐私。 We need to ________ ________ ________ our personal information online to protect our privacy. 三、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．She ________ her schoolbag on the desk and then ________ down to have a rest. A．lied; lay B．laid; lay C．laid; lied D．lay; laid ( ) 2．He prefers ________ his problems ________ no attention to them in daily life. A．solving, to pay B．to solve, rather than pay C．solving, paying D．to solve,than ( ) 3．Now you don’t need to wait in line to buy tickets, and you can book them online. It’s quite ________. A．convenient B．difficult C．enjoyable D．clear ( ) 4．Wow, one of the ________ can speak three ________ languages. A．foreigners; foreign B．foreigners; foreigner C．foreigner; foreign D．foreign; foreigner ( ) 5．My father usually pays with cash, but now he is learning to use mobile ________. A．wallet B．payment C．cash D．app ( ) 6．—There ________ no salt at home. Remember to buy ________ this afternoon. —OK, Dad! A．is; two bags of salt B．is; two bag of salt C．are; two bag of salt D．are; two bags of salt ( ) 7．—Would you like to have dinner with me? —________. A．That’s all right B．Certainly not C．Yes, I would D．Yes, I’d love to ( ) 8．We should ________ the scissors when we use them. They are dangerous. A．be careful with B．take out C．take notes D．give a lift ( ) 9．There ________ porridge in the pot. Would you like ________? A．are much; any B．are many; any C．is much; some D．is many; some ( ) 10．—How would you like to pay for the shirt? —________. A．Medium size. B．Fifty yuan. C．Online shopping. D．In cash. ( ) 11．—________, why are you so late? —I helped an old man ________ to school. A．By the way; in my way B．By the way; on the way C．On the way; in the way D．In away; by the way ( ) 12．We use an online bill-paying service, and we almost everything ____ credit card. A．on B．by C．for D．at ( ) 13．Would you mind ________ quiet for a moment? I’m trying ________ a form. A． keeping; filling out B．to keep; to fill out C．keeping; to fill out D．to keep; filling out ( ) 14．—Could you tell me how to be more ________? —Oh, just remember not to speak ________. A．polite, direct B．polite, directly C．politely, direct D．politely, directly ( ) 15．His dream is to be a great ________ and have many ________ in the future. A．inventor; inventors B．invention; inventors C．inventor; inventions D．invention; inventions ( ) 16．I think there ________ fewer people and ________ pollution in 100 years. A．will have; less B．will be; fewer C．will be; less D．will have; fewer ( ) 17．The tiny people continued ________ Gulliver up while he managed ________ free his hands and legs. A．tying; to break B．to tie; break C．tie; to break D．tying; break ( ) 18．She ________ get up late on weekends, but now she gets up early to exercise. A．uses to B．used to C．is used to D．was used to ( ) 19．I ________ eating with chopsticks now. A．used to B．am used to C．was used to ( ) 20．Growing up means ________ more responsibilities for our family and society. A．take B．taking C．to take D．takes 四、完形填空 Simon is a 12-year-old boy who loves playing video games. For his birthday, his grandparents gave him 100 yuan. Simon was very excited 1 he could buy the newest video game at last! On his way to the shop, he saw his friend Daniel looking sad. His 2 was broken, and the books and pens were all on the ground. Simon helped him 3 everything up. Daniel sighed (叹气), “Thank you, Simon. I need to 4 a new schoolbag, but I spent all my pocket money on snacks this month.” Simon looked at the 100-yuan note (纸币) in his hand. He thought about the 5 he wanted, but he also saw that Daniel really needed help. After thinking for a minute, Simon went to a bookshop with his friend and bought a new strong schoolbag for Daniel. It only 6 40 yuan. He also bought a book about coding (编程) games. It was 10 yuan. With the 50 yuan left, Simon opened a saving account in the 7 . He learned from his parents that money could 8 if (如果) he saved it wisely. The next weekend, Daniel made Simon cookies to thank him. Also, after reading the coding book, Simon learnt to make a little game himself. He found that helping others and 9 something new could be more exciting than a video game. Simon learned that being 10 with money doesn’t mean spending it all. It means making choices that help oneself and others. ( )1．A．because B．so C．but D．or ( )2．A．pencil B．bike C．watch D．schoolbag ( )3．A．clean B．pick C．use D．give ( )4．A．decorate B．make C．lend D．buy ( )5．A．book B．bag C．game D．pen ( )6．A．cost B．paid C．took D．spent ( )7．A．library B．shop C．bank D．park ( )8．A．grow B．go C．come D．change ( )9．A．sharing B．learning C．cooking D．borrowing ( )10．A．helpful B．wise C．busy D．happy 五、短文填空 Money is an important part of our daily life. It helps us buy things we need and enjoy the life we want. But do you know how money 1 (develop) over time? Thousands of years ago, people didn’t use paper money. They 2 (trade) goods with each other. For example, they might exchange rice for cloth. Later, people began to use shells as money because they were small and easy 3 (carry). As time went by, metal coins appeared. They were stronger and could be kept for a longer time. The first paper money started in China during the Song Dynasty. It was lighter than coins, so it made trade much 4 (convenient). Today, digital money is becoming more and more popular. We can pay for things just by 55 (use) our phones. We don’t need to take paper money with us 6 all. But we must remember that money is not everything. We should use it 7 (wise) and responsibly. Some people donate money to help those in need. They believe that giving brings more happiness than 8 (receive). Others save money for their future, such as going to college or travelling around the world. 9 is important to have a right attitude towards money. It can help us live a better life 10 we know how to use it well. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新仁爱八下 Unit8 Every Coin Counts单元知识梳理（背诵+讲解版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. If you pay by credit card, it is not only easy and fast, but safe as well. 如果你用信用卡支付，不仅方便快捷，而且安全。 (教材P20 Activity 1 B） credit,名词，意为“信用；信誉”。credit card意为“信用卡”; pay by credit card意为“用信用卡支付”。 E.g. She is very popular because of her good credit. 她因为良好的信誉而很受欢迎。 You can use your credit card in our shop. 你可以在我们店使用信用卡。 I didn't take any cash today, so I paid by credit card. 我今天没有带现金，所以我用信用卡付的款。 辨析：pay by, pay in和pay with 短语 意思 用法 pay by 用……支付 pay by+方式(信用卡、银行转账、支票等),侧重表示支付渠道或类型。 pay in pay in+现金/货币 pay with pay with+具体支付工具(手机、账户等),侧重表示使用的物品或账户。 E.g. It's a lot of money. I'll pay by bank transfer. 这是一大笔钱，我将用银行转账支付。 We can pay in euros when we are shopping in Europe. 在欧洲购物时我们可以用欧元支付。 We can pay with our mobile phones almost everywhere in China. 在中国，我们几乎可以在任何地方使用手机支付。 【即时练习】Paying ____B____ credit card is easier and safer than paying by cash nowadays. A. for B.by C. with D. on 2. If you shop online, you should always be careful with your personal information. 如果你在网上购物，务必谨慎保管个人信息。 (教材P20 Activity 1 B） be careful with sth.意为“小心/谨慎对待某物”,可与be careful of互换。 E.g. Everyone should be careful with batteries to avoid polluting the environment. 我们每个人都要谨慎处理电池，以避免环境污染。 We should be careful of the fallen powerlines in the earthquake. 地震中我们要留心掉落的电线。 归纳：be careful的其他相关短语 be careful about (doing) sth. 小心/谨慎(做)某事 be careful(not) to do sth. 当心(不要)做某事 be careful+ that从句 小心…… E.g. —You should be careful about what to say. She is in a sad mood these days. =You should be careful about talking to her. She is in a sad mood these days. 对她说话要谨慎些，她最近一直很悲伤。 —OK. 好的。 Be careful not to eat too much ice cream. It's bad for your health. 当心不要吃太多的冰激凌，那对你的健康有害。 —Be careful that you don't oversleep.小心不要睡过头了。 —I see. 我知道。 【即时练习】—Sandy, ____B____ the pieces of that broken glass. Let me sweep them into the rubbish bin first. —OK, I will. Thank you, mum. A. to be careful with B.be careful with C. being careful with D. is careful with 3. What kind of money do people use in the USA? 在美国人们使用哪种货币? (教材P20 Activity 1 C） what kind of意为“哪一种”。 E.g. What kind of music do you like best? 你最喜欢哪种音乐? 拓展：what kind of和which kind of的具体用法 (1)核心结构：疑问词what/ which +kind / sort / type +of+名词+助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语? 注意：①名词：可数或不可数都行，但可数名词常用复数，表示泛指。 ②助动词/情态动词：do/does /did/would /will/ can/could等。 (2)口语简化：What kind (of books) do you want? Which kind(of books) do you prefer? (3)what/which的细微差：what kind of：不限定范围，让对方自由回答。 which kind of：已知有几个选项，让对方从中挑选。 （4）“kind of”后名词单复数 ①泛指“哪一类”→用复数 E.g. What kind of books do you like? 你喜欢哪一类书籍？ ②特指“哪一种”→用单数 E.g. What kind of book is best for a 3-year-old? 哪种书对三岁的孩子最为合适？ ③不可数名词不变 E.g. What kind of furniture do you want? 你想要哪种家具？ 【即时练习】1） — What kind of ____B____ do you want to make friends with? — Honest ones. A. person B. people C. man 2） —What kind of ____A____ do you prefer to take when travelling to another city: buses or trains? —I like trains better because they are more stable (稳固的). A. transport B. festival C. language D. weather Function 1. May I pay the bill by credit card? 我可以用信用卡支付吗? (教材P22 Activity 3） bill,名词，意为“账单”。pay the bill意为“付账；付款”。 E.g. —May I have the bill? 可以结账了吗? —Of course.当然可以。 Excuse me, how can I pay the bill? 打扰了，请问我怎样付款? 拓展：bill 的其他意思及用法 bill 名词 纸币；钞票 同义词为note。a ten-yuan bill 一张10元的纸币 (提交议会讨论的)议案，法案 pass a bill 通过一项法案 (剧院等的)节目单 top the bill 领衔主演 动词 开账单，发账单(要求付款) bill sb. for sth. 给某人开......的账单 E.g. Kangkang found a ten-yuan bill on the floor and gave it to his teacher. 康康在地上发现了一张10元的纸币并把它交给了老师。 The country passed a new energy bill. 这个国家通过了一项新的能源法案。 Tian Meng will top the bill at the school concert. 田梦将在学校音乐会上领衔出演。 —Please bill me for the books I bought. 请帮我开一下我购买的书的账单。 —OK.好的。 【即时练习】—__A__ —Let me have a look. Beijing Roast Duck is￥40. 00, and the hot dog is￥3. 00. A. May I have the bill？ B.Can I pay the bill？ B. Can I help you？ D.Can I give you money? 【详解】句意：——我可以看看账单吗?——让我看看，北京烤鸭40元，热狗3元。 考查情景交际。May I have the bill我可以看看账单吗； Can l pay the bill我可以付帐吗； Can I help you我可以帮你吗； Can I give you money我可以给你钱吗。根据“Let me have a look”可知，是想看下账单，故选A。 2. I'll pay with my phone. Lingling, it's your turn. 我用手机支付。玲玲，轮到你了。 (教材P22 Activity 3） it's your turn,意为“轮到你了”。此时turn在这里作名词，意为“(依次轮到的)机会”。 E.g. —Good morning, sir. Please wait for your turn over there. 早上好，先生。请在那边依次等待。 —OK.好的。 拓展：turn的其他相关短语 in turn轮流地；依次地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事(侧重动作的先后顺序和将要进行的动作) take turns (in) doing sth. 轮流做某事(轮流做正在进行或反复进行的事，强调动作的持续性或正在发生的状态) E.g. —Why not talk about our dreams in turn? 为什么不依次谈论我们的梦想呢? —Good idea.好主意。 We should take turns to clean the classroom. (可能指接下来的安排)我们应该轮流打扫教室。 They took turns driving during the long journey.(强调轮流开车动作的持续)长途旅行中他们轮流开车。 【即时练习】1）Each of them __B___ able to (能够) drive a car, so they can take turns ______ on such a long way. A. are; to drive B. is; to drive C. is; drive D. are; drive 2）不要插队，你必须排队等候。 Don’t jump the queue. You have to with your turn. 3. The food will be ready in a moment. 饭菜一会儿就好。 (教材P22 Activity 3） in a moment意为“一会儿；很快；立刻”。 E.g. —I'll come in a moment. 我一会儿就到。 —That's great. 那太好了。 拓展：moment的相关短语 wait/just a moment 稍等；稍候 one moment 稍等；稍候 at that moment 就在那时候 at the last moment 在最后一刻 (at) any moment (now) 即将；很快 a moment ago刚刚；刚才 E.g. Wait/Just a moment; I'll finish my work soon. 请稍等，我很快就完成工作。 At that moment, the telephone rang. 就在那时，电话铃响了。 We got on the train at the last moment. 我们在最后一刻上了火车。 —Don't run away. Our next class will begin at any moment. 不要乱跑，我们下一节课即将开始。 —OK, Mr. Li. 好的，李老师。 —Where is Li Ming? 李明在哪儿? —I don't know. But I saw him in his office a moment ago. 我不知道。但我刚刚在他的办公室见过他。 【即时练习】别担心，我一会儿就回来。 Don’t worry. I will be back in a moment. 4. By the way, can l have a fork, a spoon, and a pair of chopsticks, please? 顺便提一下，能给我一把叉子、一把勺子和一双筷子吗? (教材P22 Activity 3） by the way意为“顺便提一下；捎带说一声；附带问一句”,用于转入与之前主题无关的事。 E.g. By the way, are you free tomorrow morning? 顺便问一下，明天上午你有空吗? By the way, I found your pet dog in the garden. 顺便说一下，我在花园见到你的宠物狗了。 【即时练习】—____B____, why are you so late? —I helped an old man ________ to school. A. By the way; in my way B.By the way; on the way C. On the way; in the way D. In away; by the way 5. It's so convenient to pay in China now, but we should keep our wallets, mobile phones and cards in safe places.现在在中国支付很方便，但是我们应该把钱包、手机和卡放在安全的地方。 (教材P22 Activity 3） convenient,形容词，意为“便利的；方便的”。 “It's convenient (for sb.) to do sth.”,意为“(对某人来说)做某事很方便”。 E.g. —It's very convenient to shop in China.在中国购物很方便。 —Of course. 当然。 It's so convenient to go around in big cities, because there are many different means of transportation there. 在大城市出行非常便利，因为有许多不同种类的交通工具。 拓展：convenient的相关单词 单词 词性 意思 用法 convenience 名词 方便；便利；适宜 the convenience of doing sth.做某事的便利 for convenience为了便利 at one's convenience在某人方便时；在某人适宜的地点 inconvenient 形容词 引起麻烦的；不方便的 an inconvenient time/place不方便的时间/地点 conveniently 副词 方便地；便利地；适宜地 E.g. The students all like the convenience of taking the school bus in our school. 我们学校的学生都喜欢乘坐校车带来的便利。 For convenience, the teacher divided the class into ten groups. 为了方便起见，这位老师把全班同学分成了10个小组。 —I want to visit you at your convenience. 我想在你方便时拜访你。 一OK. 好的。 It's inconvenient to go out in rainy days.下雨天出门很不方便。 I can't buy what I need conveniently in this small village. 在这个小山村我不能方便地买到我所需要的东西。 【即时练习】Apple Store felt sorry for the ___inconvenience_____ caused by using cash only. (convenient) Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. In ancient times,when people beganto trade things, there was a need for borrowing and lending. 古时候，当人们开始以物易物时，借贷的需求就产生了。 (教材P24 Activity 2） there is a need for doing sth.意为“有必要做某事”。此时need在这里作名词，意为“需要；必须”。 E.g. There is a growing need for vegetables and fruit in our community. 我们社区对蔬菜和水果的需求在不断增长。 There is a need for bringing your umbrella, because the weather forecast says it's rainy today. 你需要带伞，因为天气预报说今天是雨天。 归纳：need的其他词性及用法 need 实义动词 “需要；必需” need sth. 需要某物 need (sb.) to do sth. 需要（某人）做某事 sth. needs doing 某物需要被做（主动表被动） 情态动词 “需要” 表示没有必要或询问是否有必要，后跟动词原形。 名词 “需要；必须” there’s no need (for sb.) to do sth. （某人）不必要做某事 “特别需要；迫切要求” be in need of sth. 需要（帮助、建议、金钱等） feel the need to do sth. 特别需要做某事 “需要的事物；生活必需品”(一般以复数形式出现) basic human needs 人类的基本需要 “(食物或金钱的)短缺；缺乏” in need 需要帮助的；（食物或金钱的）短缺；缺乏 注意：need作情态动词显得非常正式，常用于否定句中。need to 结构更为常见，尤用于肯定句和疑问句中。 E.g. She is thirsty and needs some water. (作实义动词) 她渴了，需要一些水。 Do I need to throw these old clothes away at once? 我需要立刻扔掉这些旧衣服吗? I need him to buy some fruit for me. 我需要他为我买些水果。 Your hair needs cutting. 你的头发该剪一剪了。 You needn't finish the work right now. (作情态动词) 你没必要立刻完成这项工作。 Need I pay the bill now? 我需要现在结账吗? There is no need to shout at me. It's not my fault. (作名词) 不必对我大声喊叫，这并不是我的错。 The people were in great need of water and food after earthquakes. 地震过后人们迫切需要水和食物。 She felt the need to make some good friends. 她很想交几个好朋友。 He has to work hard to satisfy his family's everyday needs. 他不得不努力工作来满足家人的日常需求。 We should care for the people in need. 我们应当关心那些生活困难的人。 【即时练习】 There ____C____ no need for him to buy those books. A. be B. am C. is D. are 2. Take the trade between Kron the hunter and Nokk the toolmaker asan example. 以猎人克朗和工具匠诺克之间的交易为例。 (教材P24 Activity 2） take sth./sb.as an example意为“以……为例；将……作为例证”。此时example在这里作名词，意为“例子；例证”。 E.g. Take climate change as an example to illustrate global challenges. 以气候变化为例，说明全球性挑战。 Let me give you an example. 让我给你举个例子。 【即时练习】以智能手机为例，它改变了我们的生活方式。 ___Take___ the smartphone ___as___ ___an___ ___example___，it has changed our way of life. 3. After hearing this, the bank officer took out some papers and began to help the farmer to fill them out. 听完这番话，银行职员拿出一些文件，开始帮这位农场主填写。 (教材P25 Activity 2） fill sth. out意为“填写(正式文件、表格等)”, 也可表述为fill out sth.。 E.g. Please fill out the form online. 请在线填写这个表格。 拓展：fill out的相关意思 fill out“长胖；膨胀；扩张”/“使(描述或故事)更详尽，使更充实” E.g. You have filled out these days. 你最近长胖了。 Can you fill out the description of the accident? 你能把事故描述得更详细点吗? 【即时练习】—Please ____D____ the form, and you can deposit (储存) your money in this bank.                   —OK. Thank you, sir. A. pay for B. check in C. depend on D. fill out 4. People will do this when they agree on something. 当人们达成协议时就会这样做。 (教材P25 Activity 2） agree on sth. 意为“就某事达成一致意见；商定”,可与agree about/upon sth.互换。 E.g. We agreed on the price of the new house. 我们就这所新房的价格达成了一致。 辨析：agree to sth., agree to do sth., agree with sb./sth.和agree on/about/upon sth. 短语 意思 用法 agree to sth. 同意；赞同某事 同意某个计划、条件或建议等。 agree to do sth. 同意；商定做某事 表示达成一致/商定做某事。 agree with sb./sth. 同意某人的看法；赞同某个观点或说法 ①后跟人名或人称代词的宾格形式，表示赞同某人的观点或看法。 ②后跟名词或代词，表示同意某个观点或说法。 agree on/about/upon sth. 就某事达成一致意见 表示双方在某个问题上意见一致。 E.g. All the students agreed to their teacher's plan. 所有学生都赞同老师的计划。 They agreed to play football with us. 他们同意跟我们踢足球赛。 I agree with you completely. 我完全同意你的看法。 She didn't agree with this opinion. 她不认同这个观点。 We agree on/about/upon most things except the food in life. 在生活中，除了食物外，我们在大多数事情上意见一致。 【即时练习】We didn’t ____C____ Jerry, but we ________ a date to discuss about it. A. agree on; agreed to B. agreed with; agreed on C. agree with; agreed on D. agree with; agreed to Theme Reading 1. Number the pictures. 给这些图片排序。 (教材P26 Activity 1） number, 动词，意为“标号；给……编号”。 E.g. Please put the notebooks in order and number them. 请把这些笔记本有序摆放并编号。 拓展：number还可作名词，其意思和用法如下： number 数字；数；数量 an even number 偶数 an odd number 奇数 a round number 整十数 电话号码 telephone number 电话号码 office number 办公室电话 号码；......号；第....号 a number 4 bus 4路公交车 数量；数目 a number of sth. 数个/许多 (谓语动词用复数) the number of sth. ......的数量 (谓语动词用单数) E.g. I'm very good at numbers. 我很擅长数字。 What's your telephone number? 你的电话号码是多少? You can take the number 5 bus. 你可以乘坐5路公交车。 A number of students are fond of swimming. 许多学生喜爱游泳。 The number of girls in my class is 25. 我们班女生的数量是25. 【即时练习】With a sharp drop in housing prices, ____A____ people have sold their houses, and the number of second-hand houses ________ growing rapidly these days. A. a number of; is B. a great deal of; is C. plenty of; are D. lots of; are 2. But do you know how money has developed over time? 但你知道货币是如何随着时间发展的吗? (教材P26 Activity 2） over time意为“随着时间的推移”。 E.g. Over time, he learned to be more patient with others. 慢慢地，他学会了对别人更有耐心。 归纳：over time的同义短语 with time as time goes on/by as time passes by 【即时练习】只要你不放弃，随着时间的推移，你就会越来越擅长这件事。 As long as you don’t give up, you’ll get better at it over time. 3. Before people used money, they traded goods directly. 在使用货币以前，人们直接进行以物易物。 (教材P26 Activity 2） directly, 副词，意为“直接；径直”。 E.g. He walked into the teacher's office directly without knocking at the door. 他没有敲门直接走进了老师的办公室。 拓展：directly的相关单词 单词 词性 意思 用法 direct 形容词 直接的 direct effects直接影响 笔直的；径直的(中途不停，不改变方向) a direct flight直飞航班 率直的；坦率的；直言的 a direct question/answer一个坦率的问题/回答 (没有任何防护的)直射受热/日照 direct sunlight 阳光直射 indirect 形容词 间接引起的 indirect effects间接影响 indirectly 副词 间接地 direction 名词 方向；方位 in all directions四面八方 in the direction of在/向/朝……方向/方位 e.g. Playing computer games has a direct effect on the students' grades. 玩电脑游戏对学生们的成绩有着直接的影响。 There's a direct train to Shanghai. 有一趟直达上海的火车。 I want to ask you a direct question. Can you give me a direct answer? 我想问你一个直接的问题，你能坦率地回答吗? We shouldn't stay in direct sunlight without any protection. 我们不能没有任何防护就暴露在阳光直射下。 He blames me in an indirect way. 他用一种委婉的方式批评了我。 The change of the climate affects us all, directly or indirectly. 气候变化直接或间接地影响了我们所有人。 It was raining, so people in the squareran away in all directions. 下雨了，广场上的人们朝四面八方跑开了。 The film will begin, so people are all heading in the direction of the cinema. 电影将要开始了，人们都朝着电影院的方向走去。 【即时练习】—Could you tell me how to be more ____B____? —Oh, just remember not to speak ________. A. polite, direct B. polite, directly C. politely, direct D. politely, directly 4. In this case, the cow was used as a form of “money”. 在这种情况下，牛被当作“货币”的一种形式。 (教材P26 Activity 2） case, 名词，意为“情况；事例”。in this case意为“在这种情况下”。 E.g. In this case, you can try another way to solve this problem. 在这种情况下，你可以尝试另一种方法来解决这个问题。 拓展：case的其他相关短语 in case of sth.如果；假使 in that case 既然那样；假使那样的话 in any case无论如何；不管怎样 (just) in case以防万一： in case用于引出将来可能发生的事件时，其后从句用一般现在时，不用一般将来时。 in case用于引出过去的事件时，其后从句用一般过去时，不用过去将来时。 E.g. In casc of fire, please call 119. 假使发生火灾，请拨打119。 —The library is closed. 图书馆已经关闭了。 —In that case, I'll go tomorrow. 既然那样，我明天再去。 In any case, I want to try to finish the difficult task. 无论如何，我都想尽力完成这项艰难的任务。 You should take an umbrella in case it rains. 你应该带把伞，以防下雨。 I took an umbrella in case it raine dyesterday. 我昨天带了伞，以防下雨。 【即时练习】1）Please take an umbrella with you ____D____ it rains ________. A. so that; in the way B. even though; in this way C. as soon as; by the way D. in case; on the way 2）— The library is closed now. — ___A___, we can go there tomorrow morning. A. In this case B. In case of C. In any case D. In that case 5. People in ancient China invented shell money. 古代中国人发明了贝壳货币。 (教材P26 Activity 2） invent, 动词，意为“发明；创造”。 E.g. The boy invented some useful things. 这个男孩儿发明了一些实用的东西。 拓展：invent的相关单词 inventor，名词, 发明者；发明家；创造者 invention，名词, 发明；创造；虚构；创意 inventive，形容词, 有创意的；善于创新的 inventor invention E. g. Tomas Edison was a great inventor. 托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家。 Computers are a very useful invention. 电脑是一项非常有用的发明。 She has an inventive mind. 她很有创造力。 【即时练习】 Edison was a great ____B_____. He invented lots of _________. A. invention; invented B. inventor; inventions C. inventer; invention D. invent; inventions 6. To make doing business easier across the country, he made the whole country use the same type of money—a round coin with a square hole in the center. 为了便利全国贸易，他让全国使用同一种货币——圆形方孔铜钱。 (教材P26 Activity 2） do business意为“做生意”。 E.g. —I like doing business with you. 我喜欢和你做生意。—Me, too. 我也一样。 归纳：business的其他常见用法 on business 出差 be in business准备就绪 business is business 公事公办 get down to business着手处理正事；开始认认真工作 (go) out of business (尤指因财务困难)停业；歇业 It's none of your business. 跟你无关。 E.g. My father will go to Beijing on business next week. 我父亲下周将要去北京出差。 I'll buy some food and drink, and then we'll be in business. 我将去买些食物和饮料，然后我们就万事俱备了。 About this thing, I can't help you—business is business. 关于这件事，我不能帮助你——公事就是公事。 Let's get down to business now. 现在我们开始干正事吧。 This small company went out of business last month. 这家小公司上个月倒闭了。 It's none of your business where I will go. 我去哪里跟你无关。 【即时练习】我爸爸因公去过桂林两次。 My dad has been to Guilin on business twice. 7. Centuries later, when there was less metal for making money, the government of the Song Dynasty started to produce paper money一“jiaozi”. 几个世纪后，当用于制造货币的金属越来越少时，宋朝政府开始发行纸币——“交子”。(教材P26 Activity 2） less, 限定词/代词，意为“较少的，更少的”, 常与不可数名词连用。 E.g. People should spend less time on their mobile phones. 人们应该花更少的时间在手机上。 Our children have grown up slowly, so we have less to worry about now. 我们的孩子已经慢慢长大了，因此我们现在要担忧的事情少一些了。 拓展：less还可作副词，意为“更少地，较少地；较小程度地”。 E.g. He did sports less than before. 他比以前运动少了。 归纳：less的相关短语 less and less越来越少(多修饰不可数名词) no less than (强调数量)不少于；多达 E.g. —We have less and less water to drink. 我们能喝的水越来越少了。 —Yes. 是的。 —The five-year-old girl can recite poems no less than an adult. 这位5岁的小女孩能背诵的古诗不比一位成年人少。 —How amazing! 多么令人惊奇啊! 链接：-less 还可作为后缀与其他单词组合构成新单词，意为“无……的；不会……的”。 单词&意思 词性 careless粗心的 形容词 countless数不尽的 endless无止境的 limitless无限制的 meaningless毫无意义的 mindless没头脑的 priceless无价的 tasteless无味的 timeless永恒的 【即时练习】—What should I do if I want to be healthy? —You should eat ____C____ fast food and take ________ exercise. A. less; less B. more; more C. less; more D. more; less 8. But money will surely continue toexist in some form. 但货币肯定会以某种形式继续存在。 (教材P27 Activity 2） 1) continue, 动词，意为“继续做；持续；继续说”。 continue to do sth.意为“继续做某事”, 可与go on to do sth.互换。 E.g. He continued to listen to the teacher after taking notes. 记完笔记后他继续听讲。 辨析：continue to do sth.和continue doing sth. continue to do sth. 继续做某事 (完成某件事后) 继续做另外一件事。 continue doing sth. 继续做某事 (中断后)继续做同一件事。 E.g. After sleeping for half an hour, I continued to do my homework. 睡了半小时后，我继续写作业。 The police will continue searching for the robber. 警察们将继续搜索那名盗贼。 2) in some form意为“以某种形式”。此时 some 在这里作限定词，意为“某个”, 与单数名词连用，表示未知或未确指的人、地点、事物或时间。 E.g. Creativity exists in some form in every person. 创造力以某种形式存在于每个人的身上。 He must meet some kind of trouble. 他一定遇到了某种麻烦。 【即时练习】1) Mary continued ____C____ when the music stopped suddenly. A. sings B. sang C. singing D. sung 2) After playing games, he continued ____C____ through books. A. look B. looked C. to look D. looking 9. anything used to be a sign for something else任何事物都曾是其他事物的象征 (教材P26 Activity 3） used to do sth. 意为“过去经常做某事(用于过去持续或经常发生的事);曾经(做某事)”, 其中used to是作 情态动词。 E.g. I used to live in a small village, but now I live in a big city. 我过去曾住在一个小山村，但现在我生活在一个大城市。 拓展：used to的句式结构如下： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+used to+动词原形+其他. Lucy used to be shy, but now she is active. 露茜过去害羞，但她现在很活跃。 否定句 ①主语+didn't+use to+动词原形+其他. I didn't use to walk to the park. = I usedn't to walk to the park. 我过去不常步行去公园。 ②主语+usedn't to+动词原形+其他. 一般疑问句 ①—Did+主语+use to+动词原形+其他? —Yes, 主语+ did. —No, 主语+ didn't. —Did you use to come to school by bike? —你过去常骑自行车上学吗? —Yes, I did. / No, I didn’t. —是的，我常骑。/ 不，我不常骑。 ②—Used+主语+to +动词原形+其他? —Yes, 主语+used. —No, 主语+usedn't. —Used your father to smoke? —你父亲过去常吸烟吗? —Yes, he used. / No, he usedn't. —是的，他常吸烟。/ 不，他不常吸。 特殊疑问句 ①疑问词+did+主语+use to+动词原形+其他? What sports did you use to play? =What sports used you to play? 你过去常做什么运动? ②疑问词+used+主语+to+动词原形+其他? 辨析：used to 和be used to 短语 意思 用法 used to 过去经常；曾经 指过去惯常做某事，而现在则不那么做了。 be used to 习惯于；适应于 指习惯于（做）某事，后跟n./pron./v-ing, 可与get used to互换。 被用来做某事 use...to do sth. 的被动结构，后跟动词原形。 E.g. I didn't use to be good at English, but now I can speak it well. 我过去并不擅长英语，但现在我能说得很好。 I am/get used to getting up early now. 我现在习惯于早起。 The machine is used to make cakes. 这台机器被用来制作蛋糕。 【即时练习】1）I'm not used to _____B___ up late at night. A. stay B. staying C. be staying 2）The old man ____A____ take a walk after dinner, but now he doesn’t. A. used to B. is used to C. was used to Grammar in Use 1. His action tells others the answer. 他的动作告诉了他人答案。(教材P28 Activity 1） action, 不可数名词，意为“动作；功能；行动”。 E.g. His action drew everyone's attention. 他的动作引起了每个人的注意。 拓展：① take action意为“采取行动”。 E.g. We need to take action to protect the environment. 我们需要采取行动来保护环境。 ② action还可作可数名词，意为“行为；作为”。 E.g. The boy tried to think up some excuses for his actions. 这个男孩尽力为他的行为想出一些借口。 Actions speak louder than words. 行动胜于语言。 【即时练习】If we don’t ____A____ to stop pollution, there will be less fresh water. A. take action B. make money C. do homework D. face danger 2. Before you pay, you should connect your phone to the internet. 支付前应将手机联网。 (教材P28 Activity 2） connect, 动词，意为“连接；沟通”。 connect sth. to sth .意为“使某物连接/接通某物”, 可与connect sth. with sth.互换。 E.g. First, you should connect the printer to the computer. 首先你应该把打印机与电脑连接。 This bridge will connect the city with that island. 这座桥将连接这座城市和那座岛屿。 拓展：① connect的其他短语 connect A with/to B 注意到……有关联；把……联系起来 connect with sth. 衔接；联运 connect sb.(to sb./sth.) 为(某人)接通电话 connect with sb. 与某人建立良好关系，沟通 connect sth.up (to sth.)/ connect up (to sth.) 将……(与电源、煤气、设备等)连接起来，接通 E.g. We were surprised that someone connected him with/to the loss of the bike. 看到有人把他和自行车的丢失牵扯到一起让我们很吃惊。 My flight to Beijing connects with a short train trip. 我飞往北京的航班需要转乘一段短途火车。 Wait a moment, please. I'll try to connect you. 请稍等，我正尽力为您接通电话。 Though I have worked with him for about a year, I haven't connected with him yet. 尽管跟他共事快一年了，但我还没能与他建立良好的关系。 He connected up the two machines .他把这两台机器连接起来了。 ② connect的相关单词 connected形容词， (两个或以上的人或事物)有联系的，相关的 connectiont 名词，(两种事实、想法等的)联系，关联 connection with sth. 与某事有联系 E.g. The two questions are closely connected. 这两个问题有着密切的联系。 The death of these birds here must havea direct connection with water pollution. 这些鸟的死亡和水污染有直接关联。 【即时练习】1) His success ____A____ his hard work and the support from his family. A. is connected with B. is careful with C. is good for D. is home to 2）The Internet is closely connected _____D___ our daily life. Can you imagine life without it? A. from B. in C. against D. with 3. With the rapid growth of internet technology, predictions suggest that digital money will greatly improve the digital economy in the future. 随着互联网技术的快速发展，预测表明数字货币在未来将极大地促进数字经济增长。 (教材P28 Activity 3） 1) prediction, 名词，意为“预言；预测”。 E.g. Our grades proved that our teacher's predictions were right. 我们的成绩证明老师的预测是正确的。 链接：predict, 动词，意为“预测；预言”。 E.g. She predicted that Mr.Wang would be our new manager. 她预测王先生将成为我们的新经理。 2) suggest, 动词，意为“表明；建议；提议”。 E.g. Recent studies suggest the possibility of a cure for the disease.最新的研究表明这一疾病有可能治愈。 My mother suggested that we should go for a walk for an hour every day. 我妈妈建议我们每天散步一小时。 辨析：suggest和advise 单词 词性 意思 用法 suggest 动词 建议；提议 ① suggest doing sth. 提议做某事(直接跟v-ing形式，doing前面没有人称代词) ② suggest+(that)从句 建议/提议做某事 advise 建议；劝告；忠告 ① advise sb.to do sth .建议某人做某事 ② advise+(that)从句 建议做某事 ③ advise doing sth. 建议做某事(直接跟v-ing形式， doing前面没有人称代词) ④ advise (sb.) against sth./doing sth. 奉劝/劝告某人注意某事/不要做某事 E.g. The doctor suggested drinking more warm water. 医生建议多喝热水。 —The doctor suggested that we should eat more vegetables. 医生建议我们应该多吃蔬菜。 —I think so. 我认为如此。 —The government advised people to stay at home because of the heavy rain. 因为大雨，政府建议人们待在家里。 —Yes. 是的。 —My teacher advised that I should read books more often. 我的老师建议我应该更多地读书。 —I think she is right. 我认为她说得对。 I'd advise taking some water if you climb mountains. 如果你去爬山，我建议带些水。 I advise you against going out alone. 我奉劝你不要独自出去。 【即时练习】1)__Predictions___ (predict) like a paperless office by 2020 are often proven (证明) wrong by reality. 2) Our teacher suggested _____C___ more English articles to improve our reading skills. A. read B. to read C. reading D. reads Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. The sports meeting is coming on October 12th. 运动会将于10月12日举行。(教材30 Activity 1 A） be coming是现在进行时结构，在这里表示将来。 E.g. —Lin Tao, you're wanted on the phone. 林涛，有人打电话找你。 —OK, Mom. I'm coming soon. 好的，妈妈。我马上就来。 链接：现在进行时表示将来的用法 ①含义：现在进行时除了表示正在进行的动作外，还可表示将来的计划或安排，强调“已计划好、即将发生”的含义。 ②常用动词：多与表示位移的动词搭配，常见的词有： go、come、arrive、travel、fly、drive、start、begin、meet、join、return、move、leave等。 E.g. My mother is returning tomorrow. 我妈妈将于明天回来。 ③注意事项： a.常与明确的将来时间状语连用，否则会被误解为正在进行。 b.不可与“非计划类”动词连用，如think、like、know等表状态的词。 【即时练习】The Spring Festival will begin soon. My uncle ___D____ to celebrate it with us. A. will be coming B. comes C. came D. is coming 2. What does a good pair of running shoes mean to Wang Junfeng? 一双好的跑鞋对王俊峰来说意味着什么? (教材P30 Activity 1B） mean sth. to sb. 意为“某事/某物对某人重要(或有价值)”。 E.g. Our friendship means a lot to me. 我们的友谊对我来说意义重大。 拓展：mean的其他相关短语 mean to do sth. 意欲/打算做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 be meant to do sth. (尤因某人的吩咐或根据职责)应该(必须)做某事 E.g. As a matter of fact, I didn't mean to let you down. 事实上，我并不想让你失望。 The new task means staying up to work tonight. 这个新任务意味着今晚要熬夜加班了。 They are meant to protect the people.他们应该保护民众安全。 【即时练习】Growing up means ____B____ more responsibilities for our family and society. A. take B. taking C. to take D. takes 3. First, I make a budget and stick to it. 首先，我制定预算并严格执行。(教材P31 Activity 2） budget,名词，意为“预算”。make a budget意为“做预算”。 E.g. Many families increased the education budget this year. 许多家庭今年都增加了教育预算。 To save money, my mother made abudget at the beginning of this year. 为了节约开支，我妈妈在今年年初制订了预算。 【即时练习】我们每年都制定预算。 We __make a__ budget every year. 4. I always make a shopping list before going to the store and often think twice before buying something. 我总是在去商店前列好购物清单，并且在买东西前再三考虑。 (教材P31 Activity 2） twice, 副词，意为“两次；两遍”。 think twice意为“(在决定做某事之前)再三考虑；慎重考虑”; think twice about sth./about doing sth. 意为“三思而后行；慎重考虑后再决定”。 E.g. I do sports twice a day. 我每天做两次运动。 We should think twice before making decisions. 做决定前一定要慎重考虑。 拓展：twice还可意为“两倍”。 E.g. This room is twice as big as that one. 这个房间的面积是那个房间面积的两倍。 【即时练习】这件事很重要，你们行动前必须三思。 This thing is very important, and you must think twice before taking action. 5. Lastly, I also try to make some money on my own. 最后，我也试着自己赚钱。(教材P31 Activity 2） on one's own意为“独自地；单独地”。 E.g. He finished that task on his own yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午，他独自完成了那项任务。 拓展：own的其他意思及用法 own 形容词/代词 意为“(用于强调)自己的；本人的”,常与形容词性物主代词或名词所有格连用。 own 动词 意为“拥有，有(尤指买来的东西)”,不用于进行时。 owner, 名词，意为“物主；所有权人；主人”。 E.g. I want my own new bike. 我想要一辆属于自己的新自行车。 —The old man owns a big farm. 这位老人拥有一个大型农场。 —I see. 我知道。 People helped the pet dog find its owner. 人们帮助这只宠物狗找到了它的主人。 【即时练习】Wang Qin walked home on ____C____ own after school today. A. he B. him C. his D. himself Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. However, the money will be just enough to satisfy their basic needs for living. 然而，这些钱将仅仅够满足他们的基本生活需求。(教材P34 Activity 2） basic, 形容词，意为“基本的；必需的；基本需要的”。 E.g. Education is a basic right for everyy person. 教育是每个人基本的权利。 拓展：basic的其他意思及相关单词 basic ①最简单的；初级的；初步的 ②基本的；基础的 ③基本的；没有附加成分的 相关单词 base 名词 根基；基底；基座 据点；总部；大本营 (支持、收入、力量等的)来源，源泉，基础 动词 以......为据点(或大本营等)；把(总部等)设在 based 形容词 be based on sth. (以某事)为基础(或根据) E.g. My knowledge of English is very basic. 我的英语学习得很粗浅。 Cooking is a basic life skill. 做饭是一种基本的生活技能。 Besides basic salary, the workers can also get some other benefits. 除了基本工资，工人们还有一些其他的福利。 The base of the tower is very strong. 这座塔的基座很结实。 The base of our company is in Beijing. 我们公司的总部在北京。 His ideas have a broad base of support. 他的想法得到了广泛支持。 The factory is based in Shanghai. 这家工厂将总部设在上海。 The film is based on a true story. 这部电影是基于一个真实的故事改编的。 【即时练习】It’s important to learn ___basic___ (basic) survival skills in natural disasters. 2. For another, they will be thankful for the support and therefore be more responsible for society in the future.另一方面，他们会感激这份支持，因此在今后对社会更加负责。(教材P34 Activity 2） 1) be thankful for意为“因某事而感激/感谢……”。 E.g. The woman was very thankful for the policeman's help. 这位女士非常感激这位警察的帮助。 拓展：thankful的其他用法 be thankful to do sth. 因做某事而感到欣慰/感激 be thankful+(that)从句 因……而感激 E.g. I was thankful to get support from you. 得到你的支持，我感激不尽。 He was thankful that the train didn't leave. 他很欣慰火车还没有离开。 2) responsible, 形容词，意为“有责任；负责；承担义务”。 be responsible for sb./sth.意为“对某人/某事承担责任”。 E.g. The children should be responsible for their parents when they are old. 当父母老去时孩子应当对他们负责。 拓展：① responsible的其他相关短语 be responsible to sb./sth. 向某人/某事负责 be responsible for doing sth. 对做某事负责 E.g. The worker must be responsible to this big mistake. 这位工人必须对这个重大失误负责。 Mr. Wang will be responsible for building the bridge. 王先生将负责这座桥梁的建设。 ② responsible的相关单词 responsibility 名词 责任；负责 have responsibility for (doing) sth. 有(做)某事的责任 take responsibility for (doing) sth. 承担(做)某事的责任 responsibly 副词 明事理地；认真负责地；可靠地 act responsibly 办事认真负责 responsive 形容词 反应敏捷；反应积极 responsive to sb./sth.对某人/某物反应快的/积极的 E.g. As an adult, we should take responsibility for the things we do. 作为一名成年人，我们应该对我们做的事情负责任。 Do you think he can do this thing responsibly? 你觉得他能认真负责地完成这件事吗? We should be responsive to the needs of the customers. 我们应该积极满足顾客的需求。 【即时练习】1）We should always ____B____ our teachers and parents who have supported us all the way. A. be strict with B. be thankful to C. be angry with D. be similar to 2）Mike responsible ____C____designing the entire project this year? A. of B. to C. for D. with 3. What shall we do? 我们该怎么办? (教材P35 Activity 3） shall, 情态动词，意为“应该；将要”,否定式为shan't。 E.g. We shall be more careful from now on. 今后我们要更细心点。 We shan't stay here for long. 我们不会在这待太久。 拓展：shall的其他意思及用法 shall (同I和we连用，表示将来)将要；将会 在疑问句中同I和we连用，表示提出或征求意见 (某事)必定/一定/应该(发生) 应该；必须(用于正式文件中，表示命令、法律、允诺等) E.g. I shall go to the airport to meet my mom. 我将要去机场接我妈妈。 Shall we meet at six? 我们六点见面好吗? All the students shall finish all theexercises in an hour. 所有学生应当在一小时内完成所有的练习题。 All the payments shall be paid by check. 所有的款项必须要用支票支付。 【即时练习】—________ we go fishing this afternoon? —Sure. It ____D____ be sunny. A. Shall; shall B. Will; won’t C. Will; shall D. Shall; will 4. Once upon a time, there was a farmer. 从前，有一个农夫。(教材P35 Activity 4） once upon a time意为“从前，以前，那时候”,指在过去的某一个时候。 E.g. Once upon a time, farmers mainly used oxen to farm. 从前，农民主要用牛耕地。 同义词组：long long ago 【即时练习】Once upon a time, there _____C___ a girl called Cinderella. A. is B. be C. was 5. Every day, the goose laid a golden egg for him. 每天，这只鹅都会为他下一颗金蛋。 (教材P35 Activity 4） lay, 动词，意为“下(蛋),产(卵)”。 E.g. The bird laid some eggs in its nest. 这只鸟在巢里下了几个蛋。 拓展：lay还可意为“安放，放置”,可与place 互换。 E.g. —Please lay/place the books on the desk. 请把书摆放在桌子上。 —OK. 好的。 辨析：lie v. 躺；撒谎 过去式：lay 归纳：lay的相关短语 lay down (正式或坚决地)阐述，声明；规定 lay the table (英)摆放餐具 lay sb. off (因没活干而)解雇(雇员) lay sth. out 铺开；展开 E.g. He laid down his view in the meeting. 他在会议上阐述了自己的观点。 Please lay the table and be ready to have dinner. 请摆放餐具准备吃晚餐。 —The factory laid off a hundred workers last month. 这家工厂上个月解雇了一百名员工。 —What bad news! 真是糟糕的消息! He laid out a piece of paper and began to practice calligraphy. 他铺好了一张纸然后开始练习书法。 【即时练习】Don’t ____A____ in bed all morning! Get up quickly and help me ________ out yogurt and bread. A. lie; lay B. lay; lie C. lie; lie D. lay; lay 6. However, after a while, he became unhappy, because the goose laid only one egg each day. 然而，过了一段时间，他变得不开心了，因为这只鹅每天只下一颗蛋。(教材P35 Activity 4） after a while意为“过了一段时间；过了一会儿；不久以后”。此时while在这里作名词，意为“一段时间(尤指较短的时间)”。 E.g. After a while, Kangkang started to do his homework. 过了一会儿，康康开始写作业。 归纳：while作名词时的其他短语 once in a while 偶尔；有时；间或 for a while 一会儿 a short/little while 一小会儿 in a while 过一会儿 all the while 一直，始终 quite a while 很长时间 E.g. —I feel tired after work once in a while.下班后我偶尔会感到疲惫。 —Me, too. 我也是。 He thought for a while and then answered the questions. 他思考了一小会儿然后回答了问题。 —Read books for a short/little while and then go to bed. 读会儿书然后去睡觉。 —OK. 好的。 —Mr.Li will come in a while. 李先生过一会儿就过来。 —That's great. 那太好了。 The boy was listening to the teacher carefully all the while. 这个男孩儿一直认真地听老师讲课。 He talked with me for quite a while. 他跟我聊了很长时间。 【即时练习】过了一会儿，风开始减弱。 After a while, the wind began to die down. 7. But, to his disappointment, he found nothing inside. 但令他失望的是，他发现鹅肚子里什么也没有。(教材P35 Activity 4） disappointment, 名词，意为“失望；沮丧；扫兴”。to one's disappointment意为“令某人失望的是”。 E.g. It's easy to see his disappointment in his eyes. 很容易看到他眼中的失望。 To my disappointment, the cinema was closed. 令我失望的是，电影院关门了。 拓展： to one's disappointment类似的短语 to one's joy 令某人高兴的是 to one's anger 令某人生气的是 to one's surprise 令某人惊奇的是 to one's knowledge 据某人所知 to one's amazement 令某人大为惊奇的是 to one's embarrassment令某人尴尬的是 to one's regret令某人遗憾的是 to one's satisfaction令某人满意的是 to one's advantage对某人有利的是 to one's disadvantage对某人不利的是 to one's mind依某人之见 to one's taste合某人口味 E.g. To her joy, she was chosen to give a speech.令她高兴的是，她被选中去做演讲。 To his anger, someone broke his glass. 令他生气的是，有人打碎了他的玻璃杯。 To my surprise, he failed the exam. 令我惊奇的是，他这次考试不及格。 To our amazement, the old man ran fast. 令我们大为惊奇的是，这位老人跑得很快。 To her embarrassment, she fell down while giving a speech. 令她尴尬的是，演讲时她摔倒了。 To my regret, I missed the chance to meet my favorite author. 令我遗憾的是，我错过了见到最喜欢的作家的机会。 To the manager's satisfaction, the project was finished ahead. 令经理满意的是，项目提前完成了。 The present situation is to our advantage. 目前形势对我们有利。 To our disadvantage, we are short of water. 对我们不利的是，我们缺乏水。 To her mind, he is impolite. 在她看来，他很没礼貌。 The soup is quite to her taste. 这汤很合她的口味。 【即时练习】He felt a great _disappointment_ (disappoint) when he didn’t pass the English exam, but he decided to try harder next time. 单元语法 后缀 -ion 1. 后缀-ion 后缀-ion是英语中非常常见的名词后缀，主要用于将动词(或部分形容词)转化为抽象名词，表示“行为、过程、状态、结果或条件”。以下是变化规则和举例说明。 1) 规则变化 添加-ion时，动词词尾常发生规律性变化： (1) 直接加-ion 动词 名词 act做事；行动 action行动 construct修建；建造 construction建筑；建造；施工 depress使沮丧 depression抑郁症；精神忧郁 suggest建议；提议 suggestion建议；提议 E.g. We must take action to protect the earth.我们必须采取行动保护地球。 The construction of the new library will finish next month. 新图书馆的建造将于下月完成。 She suffered from severe depression after losing her job. 失业后她患上了严重的抑郁症。 (2) 去-e加-ion 动词 名词 create创造 creation创作；创造 educate教育 education (尤指学校)教育 pollute污染 pollution污染；玷污；弄脏 translate翻译 translation翻译 communicate交流(信息、消息、意见、情感等) communication表达；交流；交际；传递 E.g. The art class showed every creation made by the students. 美术课展示了学生创作的每一件作品。 Good education helps children build a better future. 良好的教育帮助孩子们建设更美好的未来。 Air pollution is worse in some big cities. 一些大城市的空气污染更严重。 The translation of this book is very wonderful. 这本书的翻译很精彩。 (3) 直接加-ation或去-e加-ation 动词 名词 inform了解；熟悉 information信息 converse交谈；谈话 conversation(非正式)交谈；谈话 imagine想象；设想 imagination想象力；想象 E.g. I'll write in for more information. 我要写信索取更详细的信息。 We had a long conversation in English yesterday. 我们昨天用英语进行了长谈。 (4) 辅音字母加-y结尾，变-y为-i加-cation 动词 名词 apply application申请 classify classification分类 E.g. I sent my application to join the science club. 我提交了加入科学俱乐部的申请。 The classification of these words is wrong. 这些单词的分类有误。 (5) 去-t/-de/-d加-sion 动词 名词 convert(使)转变，转换，转化 conversion转变；转换；转化 conclude断定；推断出；得出结论 conclusion结论；推论 decide决定 decision (作出的)决定，抉择 expand扩大，增加，增强(尺码、数量或重要性);扩展 expansion扩张；扩展；扩大；膨胀 E.g. The conversion of the old factory into a park took one year. 把旧工厂改建成公园用了一年。 In conclusion, saving water is everyone's duty. 总之，节约用水是每个人的责任。 It was a hard decision, but I chose the blue bike. 这是个艰难的决定，但我选了蓝色的自行车。 The rapid expansion of the city caused traffic problems. 这座城市的快速扩张导致了交通问题。 (6) -mit变为-mission 动词 名词 admit(常指勉)承认 admission(尤指对过错、罪行强的)承认，招认，招供 permit允许；准许 permission准许；许可；批准 E.g. Admission is by invitation only. 凭请柬入场。 The young man drove his father's car without permission. 这位年轻人未经许可就开走了他父亲的车。 2) 特殊来源(非动词) 少数情况由形容词或其他词类转化而来。如：perfect(完美的)→perfection(完美；完善) E.g. She strives for perfection in her work. 她在工作中追求完美。 3) 其他变化 动词 名词 describe描述；形容;把……称为 description描写(文字)形容；说明 receive拿到；接到；收到 reception接待处；接待区 solve解决；处理 solution解决办法；处理手段 pronounce发音；读(音 pronunciation发音；读音 E.g. We arranged to meet in reception at 6:30 p.m. 我们约定下午6:30在接待处会面。 There is more than one pronunciation of“garage”. garage的读音不止一种。 条件状语从句 2. 条件状语从句 if引导的条件状语从句说明“在某种条件下，主句动作才会发生”。简单说就是表达一种“如果……的话(条件), 就会……(结果)”的逻辑。其核心在于主句和从句的时态搭配会根据条件的类型(真实、可能、虚拟)而变化。 这类句子通常分两种情况：可能发生的真实情况和不太可能发生的假设情况。 1) 真实条件句 (1) 功能：谈论将来可能发生的真实情况及其可能的结果(条件很可能实现或有可能实现)。 (2) 时态： 主句(表示结果的句子) 从句(if后面的句子) ①用一般将来时(will+动词原形)。 从句用一般现在时。 ②用can/must等情态动词。 ③用祈使句。 E.g. If it rains tomorrow, we will not go to the park. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去公园了。 You can learn English well if you practice every day. 如果你每天练习，就能学好英语。 If you see Tom, tell him to come to my office. 如果你见到汤姆，让他来我办公室。 2) 假设情况 (1) 功能：谈论现在或将来不太可能发生、或纯属想象的假设情况及其可能的结果(说话人认为条件实现的可能性很小或不存在）。 （2） 时态： 主句 从句 主句用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 从句用一般过去时（be动词一律用were，不用was）。 E.g. If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky. 如果我是一只鸟，我就会在天上飞。 She would help you if she had time.（实际她没时间）她如果有时间可能会帮你。 3) 提示 if从句可以放在主句前面，也可以放在后面。放在主句前面时，需在主句和从句中间加个逗号。 E.g. If you study hard, you will pass the exam. = You will pass the exam if you study hard. 如果你努力学习，你会通过考试的。 语法知识点小测： 一、单词拼写。 1．I found some old ________ (coin) in my grandfather’s drawer. 【答案】coins 【详解】句意：我在爷爷的抽屉里发现了一些旧硬币。coin“硬币”，由“some”可知，此空用名词复数。故填coins。 2．It’s ________ (方便的) to carry e-books on a tablet when traveling—you can take hundreds of books with you. 【答案】convenient 【详解】句意：旅行时在平板电脑上携带电子书很方便——你可以随身携带数百本书。根据句意和汉语提示可知，convenient“方便的”，为形容词，作表语。故填convenient。 3．Tom used to play basketball every weekend, but now he ________ (prefer) football. 【答案】prefers 【详解】句意：汤姆过去每个周末都打篮球，但现在他更喜欢足球。prefer“更喜欢”，根据“now”可知，此处描述现在的喜好，用一般现在时，主语“he”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式prefers。故填prefers。 4．Many ________ (foreign) come to China to learn Chinese every year. 【答案】foreigners 【详解】句意：每年都有许多外国人来中国学习汉语。根据句意可知，此处表达的是“许多外国人”，因此需要将“foreign”这个形容词转化为名词形式。“foreign”的名词形式是“foreigner”，表示“外国人”。又因为“many”表示“许多”，其后应接可数名词的复数形式，所以“foreigner”需要变为复数形式“foreigners”。故填foreigners。 5．My mother tells me to be ________ (care) when I help the old cross the street. 【答案】careful 【详解】句意：我母亲告诉我在帮老人过马路时要小心。根据“be”可知，此处应填形容词作表语。care是动词或名词，其形容词形式为careful，意为“小心的”，符合语境。故填careful。 6．I think a shirt as a birthday present is too ________ (person). 【答案】personal 【详解】句意：我认为把一件衬衫作为生日礼物太私人了。根据“I think a shirt as a birthday present is too … ”以及括号内的提示词可知，此处需要一个形容词作表语，person的形容词形式是personal，意为“私人的、个人的”，符合语境。故填personal。 7．I really enjoyed ________ (我自己) at the party last night. 【答案】myself 【详解】句意：我昨晚在派对上玩得很开心。根据提示可知，“我自己”对应的英文是myself；“enjoy oneself”是固定搭配，意为“玩得开心”。故填myself。 8．This book costs 15 ________ (pound) in the bookstore. 【答案】pounds 【详解】句意：这本书在书店里售价15英镑。pound“英镑”，为可数名词，前面有数字15修饰，因此填复数形式。故填pounds。 9．Now many people pay with their ________ (可移动的) phones by scanning the QR code (扫描二维码) from the seller. 【答案】mobile 【详解】句意：现在很多人用手机扫描卖家的二维码付款。mobile“可移动的”，是形容词，修饰名词phones，用形容词，故填mobile。 10．Wendy's father helped her ________ a new way of doing business. (invention) 【答案】invent 【详解】句意：温迪的父亲帮助她发明了一种新的做生意的方法。根据空前的helped her可知，此处是help sb do sth帮助某人做某事，所以空处应该用动词原形，invention的动词形式是invent。故填invent。 二、完成句子。 1．似乎会学习的人把学习和生活联系起来。(connect) It seems that study ______ _________ _______ life by those good learners. 【答案】is connected with 【详解】分析句子结构可知，从句的主语为study，谓语动词应用单数，且空后为“by those good learners”，因此空处为被动语态；再根据“It seems that”可知时态应用一般现在时。“connect…with…”意为“把……和……联系起来”，被动结构为“be connected with”。故填is connected with。 2．It is predicted that there will be less food. (改为同义句，用简单句) ________ ______ a ____________ that there will be less food. 【答案】 There is prediction 【详解】句意：据预测食物将会减少。改为同义句，可用“There is a prediction that...”句型，意为“有一个预测……”。prediction是名词，由不定冠词a修饰。故填There is；prediction。 3．很多父母给孩子准备自带午餐，但我自己做。 A lot of parents make their children packed lunches, but I make ________ own. 【答案】my 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“我自己”。my own“我自己”，此处指我自己做自己的午餐。故填my。 4．Shall we make a card for Sally as a birthday gift? (改为同义句) ________ ________ making a card for Sally as a birthday gift? 【答案】 What/How about 【详解】句意：我们给萨莉做一张卡片作为生日礼物好吗？“Shall we...?”用于提出建议，同义表达可使用“What about...?”或“How about...?”，后接动名词形式。故填What/How；about。 5．Once upon a time, an emperor liked clothes very much. (改为同义句) ________ ________ ________, an emperor liked clothes ________ ________. 【答案】 Long long ago a lot 【详解】句意：从前，有一位皇帝非常喜欢衣服。Once upon a time=Long long ago“很久以前”，very much=a lot“非常”。故填Long；long；ago；a；lot。 6．后羿很快在花园里摆出她最爱吃的水果和甜点。(lay) Hou Yi quickly ________ ________ her favorite fruits and desserts in the garden. 【答案】laid out 【详解】根据汉语以及提示词可知，“摆放”为固定词组“lay out”；本题用一般过去时，因此动词填过去式。故填laid out。 7．我同意妈妈那些关于存钱的重要性的看法。 I agree ________ my mum ________ the importance of saving money. 【答案】 with on 【详解】此处使用agree with sb. on sth.“在某事上同意某人的观点”，固定用法。故填with；on。 8．教材原句：你想怎么支付，用现金还是刷卡？ How would you like to pay, in ________ or by card? 【答案】cash 【详解】根据教材原文及中英文对照可知，此处缺少“现金”。cash“现金”，in cash“用现金”，介词短语，作方式状语。故填cash。 9．以移动支付为例，它让购物变得更简单，因为人们不再需要现金或银行卡。 ________ mobile payment ________ __________. It makes shopping much easier because people no longer need cash or cards. 【答案】 Take for example 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，句中缺少“以……为例”。take...for example是固定搭配，意为“以……为例”，句子开头首字母需大写，符合语境和句意。故填Take；for；example。   10．在网上我们需要注意个人信息，以保护隐私。 We need to ________ ________ ________ our personal information online to protect our privacy. 【答案】 be careful with 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“注意”。be careful with“注意”，need to do sth.“需要做某事”，后接动词原形。故填be；careful；with。 三、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．She ________ her schoolbag on the desk and then ________ down to have a rest. A．lied; lay B．laid; lay C．laid; lied D．lay; laid 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她把书包放在桌子上，然后躺下休息。 考查动词辨析。lie躺，不及物动词，过去式为lay；lie撒谎，不及物动词，过去式为lied；lay放置，及物动词，过去式为laid。根据宾语“her schoolbag”可知，此处表示放置书包，应用lay的过去式laid；根据“down to have a rest”可知，此处表示“躺下休息”，应用不及物动词lie的过去式lay。故选B。 ( ) 2．He prefers ________ his problems ________ no attention to them in daily life. A．solving, to pay B．to solve, rather than pay C．solving, paying D．to solve,than 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在日常生活中，他宁愿解决问题，也不愿对它们置之不理。 考查prefer的用法。prefer to do A rather than do B是固定搭配，意为“宁愿做A也不愿做B”。选项A和C的搭配不符合此结构；选项D缺少rather。故选B。 ( ) 3．Now you don’t need to wait in line to buy tickets, and you can book them online. It’s quite ________. A．convenient B．difficult C．enjoyable D．clear 【答案】A 【详解】句意：现在你不需要排队买票，可以在网上预订，这相当方便。 考查形容词辨析。convenient方便的；difficult困难的；enjoyable令人愉快的；clear清楚的。根据前文“不需要排队，可以在网上订票”可知，这种做法很方便。故选A。 ( ) 4．Wow, one of the ________ can speak three ________ languages. A．foreigners; foreign B．foreigners; foreigner C．foreigner; foreign D．foreign; foreigner 【答案】A 【详解】句意：哇，其中一个外国人能说三种外语。 考查名词和形容词的用法辨析。foreigners外国人，名词复数；foreign外国的，形容词；foreigner外国人，名词单数。根据“one of the”后需接复数名词 (表示“其中之一”)，故第一个空填foreigners；“three ... languages”中需形容词修饰名词languages (表示语言类型)，故第二个空填foreign。故选A。 ( ) 5．My father usually pays with cash, but now he is learning to use mobile ________. A．wallet B．payment C．cash D．app 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爸爸通常用现金支付，但是现在他正在学习使用移动支付。 考查名词辨析。wallet钱包；payment支付；cash现金；app应用程序。根据语境可知，前面说爸爸通常用现金支付，后面转折说现在学习用移动相关的方式进行支付，“mobile payment”表示“移动支付”，符合语境。故选B。 ( ) 6．—There ________ no salt at home. Remember to buy ________ this afternoon. —OK, Dad! A．is; two bags of salt B．is; two bag of salt C．are; two bag of salt D．are; two bags of salt 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——家里没有盐了。记得今天下午买两袋盐。——好的，爸爸！ 考查there be句型和不可数名词数的表达。第一空，根据“There...no salt at home.”可知，此句是there be句型，表示“有”，be动词的形式遵循“就近原则”，salt是不可数名词，因此be动词用is，故排除C和D；第二空，两袋盐的英文表达为“two bags of salt”，bag是可数名词，此处应用复数形式，salt是不可数名词。故选A。 ( ) 7．—Would you like to have dinner with me? —________. A．That’s all right B．Certainly not C．Yes, I would D．Yes, I’d love to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你愿意和我一起吃晚餐吗？——是的，我很乐意。 考查情景交际。That’s all right没关系；Certainly not当然不；Yes, I would是的，我会；Yes, I’d love to是的，我很乐意。对于“Would you like to...?”这样表示邀请的句型，肯定回答常用“Yes, I’d love to.”；否定回答一般用“I’d love to, but...”或“Sorry, I can’t.”等。故选D。 ( ) 8．We should ________ the scissors when we use them. They are dangerous. A．be careful with B．take out C．take notes D．give a lift 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们在使用剪刀时应该小心，它们是危险的。 考查短语辨析。be careful with小心；take out取出；take notes做笔记；give a lift搭便车。 根据“...when we use the scissors. They are dangerous.”可知，剪刀危险，需谨慎操作。故选A。 ( ) 9．There ________ porridge in the pot. Would you like ________? A．are much; any B．are many; any C．is much; some D．is many; some 【答案】C 【详解】句意：锅里有很多粥。你想来点吗？ 考查主谓一致和不定代词用法。根据“There...porridge”可知，此处为There be句型，句子遵循“就近原则”，由于porridge“粥”为不可数名词，故第一空应用is much；根据“Would you like”可知，疑问句中some可用于表示邀请或建议，故此处不用any，而应用some。故选C。 ( ) 10．—How would you like to pay for the shirt? —________. A．Medium size. B．Fifty yuan. C．Online shopping. D．In cash. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你想怎么支付这件衬衫的钱？——用现金支付。 考查情景交际。Medium size.中号；Fifty yuan.50元；Online shopping.网上购物；In cash.用现金。根据“How would you like to pay for the shirt?”可知，这是在询问支付方式，结合选项，In cash.“用现金”符合语境。故选D。 ( ) 11．—________, why are you so late? —I helped an old man ________ to school. A．By the way; in my way B．By the way; on the way C．On the way; in the way D．In away; by the way 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——顺便问一下，你怎么这么晚才来？——我在去学校的路上帮助了一位老人。 考查介词短语。by the way顺便说一下；on the way在路上；in the way挡道。第一空根据“why are you so late? ”可知应该是顺便问一下对方为什么迟到；第二空根据“I helped an old man...to school.”可知是在去学校的路上帮助了一位老人。故选B。 ( ) 12．We use an online bill-paying service, and we almost everything ____ credit card. A．on B．by C．for D．at 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：我们使用一个在线支付服务，我们几乎所有的靠信用卡支付。A. on在……上；B. by靠……方法，手段；C. for为了；D. at……。根据句意，故选B。 考点：考查介词的辨析。 ( ) 13．Would you mind ________ quiet for a moment? I’m trying ________ a form. A． keeping; filling out B．to keep; to fill out C．keeping; to fill out D．to keep; filling out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你介意安静一会儿吗？我正在努力填写一张表格。 考查非谓语动词。mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，排除BD；根据“I’m trying...a form”可知是努力填表格，用结构try to do sth.“尽力做某事”。故选C。 ( ) 14．—Could you tell me how to be more ________? —Oh, just remember not to speak ________. A．polite, direct B．polite, directly C．politely, direct D．politely, directly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我如何更有礼貌吗？——哦，只要记住不要直截了当地说。 考查副词和形容词的用法。polite礼貌的，形容词；direct直接的，形容词；directly直接地，副词；politely礼貌地，副词。第一句中的“be”是系动词，后面应接形容词作表语，故填入polite，排除C、D项；第二句中的“speak”是实义动词，修饰动词需用副词，故填入directly，排除A项。故选B。 ( ) 15．His dream is to be a great ________ and have many ________ in the future. A．inventor; inventors B．invention; inventors C．inventor; inventions D．invention; inventions 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的梦想是将来成为一名伟大的发明家，并拥有许多发明。 考查名词辨析。inventor发明家；inventors复数形式；invention发明；inventions复数形式。根据“His dream is to be a great...”可知，“to be a great...”意思是“成为一名伟大的……”，这里需要表示“人”的单数名词，用“inventor”；根据“have many...”可知，第二空用复数名词，结合句意，此处表示有很多发明，用inventions。故选C。 ( ) 16．I think there ________ fewer people and ________ pollution in 100 years. A．will have; less B．will be; fewer C．will be; less D．will have; fewer 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为100年后人会更少，污染也会更少。 考查there be句型和形容词辨析。will have有(一般将来时结构，但there be句型不能与have混用)；less更少的 (修饰不可数名词)；will be有 (there be句型的一般将来时结构)；fewer更少的(修饰可数名词)。根据“there…fewer people and…pollution”可知，此处应用there be句型的一般将来时结构，排除A和D；又因为“pollution”是不可数名词，应用less修饰。故选C。 ( ) 17．The tiny people continued ________ Gulliver up while he managed ________ free his hands and legs. A．tying; to break B．to tie; break C．tie; to break D．tying; break 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那些小人继续把格列佛绑起来，与此同时他设法挣脱了手脚的束缚。 考查非谓语动词。tying绑；tie绑；to break打破、弄断；break打破、弄断。根据“continue doing sth.”表示“继续做某事（同一件事）”，“manage to do sth.”表示“设法做成某事”的固定搭配，可知第一空用动名词tying，第二空用不定式to break。故选A。 ( ) 18．She ________ get up late on weekends, but now she gets up early to exercise. A．uses to B．used to C．is used to D．was used to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她过去周末常常起床很晚，但现在她早起锻炼。 考查动词短语辨析。uses to表述错误，无此搭配；used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”；is used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”；was used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”，是被动语态。根据语境可知，此处描述的是她过去周末的行为习惯，即过去常常起床很晚，但现在改变了，所以应该用used to。故选B。 ( ) 19．I ________ eating with chopsticks now. A．used to B．am used to C．was used to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我现在习惯用筷子吃饭。 考查动词短语辨析。used to过去常常做某事；am used to现在习惯于……；was used to过去习惯于……。根据句中的“now”可知，句子时态为一般现在时，且此处表达的是“习惯于用筷子吃饭”，所以应该用be used to doing sth.结构，主语为I，be动词用am。故选B。 ( ) 20．Growing up means ________ more responsibilities for our family and society. A．take B．taking C．to take D．takes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：成长意味着为我们的家庭和社会承担更多的责任。 考查非谓语动词。take承担，动词原形；taking承担，动名词/现在分词；to take承担，不定式；takes承担，第三人称单数。mean doing sth.意为“意味着做某事”；mean to do sth.意为“打算做某事”。根据句意，成长“意味着”承担责任，应用mean doing结构，动词用动名词形式taking。故选B。 四、完形填空 Simon is a 12-year-old boy who loves playing video games. For his birthday, his grandparents gave him 100 yuan. Simon was very excited 1 he could buy the newest video game at last! On his way to the shop, he saw his friend Daniel looking sad. His 2 was broken, and the books and pens were all on the ground. Simon helped him 3 everything up. Daniel sighed (叹气), “Thank you, Simon. I need to 4 a new schoolbag, but I spent all my pocket money on snacks this month.” Simon looked at the 100-yuan note (纸币) in his hand. He thought about the 5 he wanted, but he also saw that Daniel really needed help. After thinking for a minute, Simon went to a bookshop with his friend and bought a new strong schoolbag for Daniel. It only 6 40 yuan. He also bought a book about coding (编程) games. It was 10 yuan. With the 50 yuan left, Simon opened a saving account in the 7 . He learned from his parents that money could 8 if (如果) he saved it wisely. The next weekend, Daniel made Simon cookies to thank him. Also, after reading the coding book, Simon learnt to make a little game himself. He found that helping others and 9 something new could be more exciting than a video game. Simon learned that being 10 with money doesn’t mean spending it all. It means making choices that help oneself and others. ( )1．A．because B．so C．but D．or ( )2．A．pencil B．bike C．watch D．schoolbag ( )3．A．clean B．pick C．use D．give ( )4．A．decorate B．make C．lend D．buy ( )5．A．book B．bag C．game D．pen ( )6．A．cost B．paid C．took D．spent ( )7．A．library B．shop C．bank D．park ( )8．A．grow B．go C．come D．change ( )9．A．sharing B．learning C．cooking D．borrowing ( )10．A．helpful B．wise C．busy D．happy 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Simon收到祖父母给的100元生日钱后，原本打算买最新的电子游戏，但在看到朋友Daniel的书包坏了且没钱买新的后，他决定帮助Daniel。他用部分钱给Daniel买了新书包和一本关于编程的书，剩下的钱存入银行。Simon通过这些经历学到了关于金钱的智慧，明白了明智地使用金钱不仅能帮助自己，也能帮助他人。 1．句意：Simon非常兴奋，因为他终于可以买到最新的电子游戏了！ because因为；so所以；but但是；or或者。根据“Simon was very excited…he could buy the newest video game at last!”可知，前后句为因果关系，前果后因，所以用because。故选A。 2．句意：他的书包坏了，书和笔都在地上。 pencil铅笔；bike自行车；watch手表；schoolbag书包。根据“I need to…a new schoolbag”可知，Daniel的书包坏了。故选D。 3．句意：Simon帮他收拾东西。 clean清理；pick捡起；use使用；give给。根据“the books and pens were all on the ground”可知，Simon帮他捡起东西，pick up“捡起”。故选B。 4．句意：我需要买一个新的书包，但这个月我把所有的零花钱都花在零食上了。 decorate装饰；make制作；lend借出；buy买。根据“I need to…a new schoolbag”可知，Daniel需要买新书包。故选D。 5．句意：他想到了自己想要的游戏，但他也看到Daniel真的需要帮助。 book书；bag包；game游戏；pen钢笔。根据“he could buy the newest video game at last”可知，Simon想要的是游戏。故选C。 6．句意：它只花了40元。 cost花费，主语为物；paid支付，主语为人；took花费，主语为物，常用结构为It takes sb. some time to do sth.；spent花费，主语为人。根据“It only…40 yuan.”可知，主语为物，且空后直接跟钱数，所以用cost。故选A。 7．句意：用剩下的50元，Simon在银行开了一个储蓄账户。 library图书馆；shop商店；bank银行；park公园。根据“Simon opened a saving account”可知，Simon在银行开了一个储蓄账户。故选C。 8．句意：他从父母那里学到，如果明智地存钱，钱是可以增长的。 grow增长；go去；come来；change改变。根据“if (如果) he saved it wisely”可知，明智地存钱，钱是可以增长的。故选A。 9．句意：他发现帮助别人和学习新东西比电子游戏更令人兴奋。 sharing分享；learning学习；cooking烹饪；borrowing借。根据“after reading the coding book, Simon learnt to make a little game himself”可知，Simon通过阅读编程书学会了制作小游戏，所以此处指学习新东西。故选B。 10．句意：Simon了解到，明智地使用金钱并不意味着把钱都花光。 helpful有帮助的；wise明智的；busy忙碌的；happy开心的。根据“It means making choices that help oneself and others.”可知，明智地使用金钱意味着做出对自己和他人都有帮助的选择。故选B。 五、短文填空 Money is an important part of our daily life. It helps us buy things we need and enjoy the life we want. But do you know how money 1 (develop) over time? Thousands of years ago, people didn’t use paper money. They 2 (trade) goods with each other. For example, they might exchange rice for cloth. Later, people began to use shells as money because they were small and easy 3 (carry). As time went by, metal coins appeared. They were stronger and could be kept for a longer time. The first paper money started in China during the Song Dynasty. It was lighter than coins, so it made trade much 4 (convenient). Today, digital money is becoming more and more popular. We can pay for things just by 55 (use) our phones. We don’t need to take paper money with us 6 all. But we must remember that money is not everything. We should use it 7 (wise) and responsibly. Some people donate money to help those in need. They believe that giving brings more happiness than 8 (receive). Others save money for their future, such as going to college or travelling around the world. 9 is important to have a right attitude towards money. It can help us live a better life 10 we know how to use it well. 【答案】 1．has developed 2．traded 3．to carry 4．more convenient 5．using 6．at 7．wisely 8．receiving 9．It 10．if 【导语】本文介绍了货币从古代物物交换到现代数字货币的发展历程，强调了金钱并非一切，倡导人们明智且负责任地使用金钱，并树立正确的金钱观。 1．句意：但你知道随着时间的推移，货币是如何发展的吗？根据over time译为”随着时间的推移”可知，此处应用现在完成时，表示从过去持续到现在的发展过程；主语“money”是不可数名词，助动词用has，develop的过去分词为developed。故填has developed。 2．句意：几千年前，人们不使用纸币，他们互相交换商品。根据“Thousands of years ago”可知，时态为一般过去时，trade的过去式为traded。故填traded。 3．句意：后来，人们开始使用贝壳作为货币，因为它们体积小，便于携带。“be easy to do sth”是固定搭配，译为“容易做某事”，因此用不定式形式。故填to carry。 4．句意：它比硬币轻，所以使贸易更加便利。“much”后常接形容词比较级，convenient的比较级为more convenient。故填more convenient。 5．句意：我们只需用手机就能支付东西。介词“by”后接动名词作宾语，use的动名词形式为using。故填using。 56．句意：我们根本不需要带纸币。“not at all”是固定短语，译为“一点也不，根本不”。故填at。 7．句意：我们应该明智且负责任地使用它。此处修饰动词“use”，应用副词形式，wise的副词形式为wisely。故填wisely。 8．句意：他们相信给予带来的幸福远大于接受。“than”连接并列结构，前面的“giving”是动名词，此处也应用动名词形式，receive的动名词形式为receiving。故填receiving。 9．句意：对金钱有正确的态度很重要。“It is+形容词+to do sth”是固定句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式。句首大写。故填It。 10．句意：如果我们知道如何很好地使用它，它能帮助我们过上更好的生活。此处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，用if。故填if。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $