八下 Unit11 单元知识梳理（教师讲解版）【趣味课堂】英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级下册

本初中英语讲义聚焦“中国文化”主题，系统梳理Unit11核心知识点，涵盖ill/sick等词汇辨析，be filled with、rely on等短语用法，宾语从句（引导词、语序、时态）及词性转换（名动/形动/动名转换）语法点，结合旗袍、火锅等文化词汇，构建从基础到应用的学习支架，含句子结构关系图辅助理解。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识，通过“针灸”“推拿”等文化元素学习词汇语法，设计选择、填空、翻译等即时练习及语法小测，对比辨析培养思维品质。课中助教师高效授课，课后学生可借资料回顾强化，弥补知识盲点，提升跨文化沟通与自主学习能力。

新仁爱八下 Unit11 Fantastic Chinese Culture单元知识梳理（练习版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. Li Ming's grandmother is ill and she doesn't feel well. 李明的奶奶病了，她感觉不舒服。 (教材P74 Activity 1 B） ill, 形容词，意为“有病；不舒服”。通常用来描述一种生病的状态，且主语通常是人，多作表语。 be ill意为“生病”, 常和一些表示病情程度的副词搭配。侧重于一种持续的生病状态，常用于描述明确的生病情况，并能和表示时间段的状语连用。 E.g. He is ill. 他生病了。 拓展：get/fall/become ill意为“突然生病”, 强调生病的动作或开始，是短暂性的，不能和时间段连用(在某些语境中，可互换)。 E.g. It's cold outside. You'll get ill if you don't wear warm clothes. = It's cold outside. You'll fall ill if you don't wear warm clothes. = It's cold outside. You'll become ill if you don't wear warm clothes. 外面很冷。不穿暖和点，你会生病的。 辨析：ill和sick 单词 词性 意思 用法 ill 形容词 有病；不舒服 在句中多作表语 可用副词修饰 badly ill 病得很重 seriously ill 病重的 sick (身体或精神)生病的，有病的 在句中作表语或定语 get sick = become ill生病，患病 be sick呕吐 feel sick反胃，恶心，作呕 fall sick = become sick患病；生病 想呕吐，恶心 E.g. She is ill in bed. 她卧病在床。 He has been ill for three days. 他病了三天了。 Her grandmother is badly ill in the hospital. 她奶奶现在病得很重，正在医院住院治疗。 Emma has just called in sick. 埃玛刚才打电话来请病假了。 The doctor helped the sick boy yesterday. (sick作定语，修饰boy, 不能用ill替换) 这个医生昨天帮助了那个生病的男孩。 【即时练习】You will ________ if you keep on working like that. A. fall into B. fall ill C. fall away D. fall off 2. I know that it is a part of our traditional clothes. 我知道这是我们传统服装的一部分。 (教材P74 Activity 1 C） 本句是一个包含宾语从句的复合句。宾语从句就是一个句子充当另一个句子(主句)中动词的宾语。位于动词后，说明“听说/知道/认为……”。本句是由连词 that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中无实际意义，且在从句中不充当任何成分，多数情况可省略。 句子结构关系图： E.g. I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。 【即时练习】I know ________ he loves Chinese calligraphy very much. A. that B. what C. where D. who 3. The hot pot is a large pot filled with soup, and it is put in the middle of the table. 火锅是一口盛满汤的大锅，它就摆在桌子中间。 (教材P75 Activity 2） be filled with意为“充满；装满”, 用来描述某物的状态，即某物已经被装满了且里面充满了某种东西。 E.g. This bottle is filled with orange juice. 这个瓶子装满了橙汁。 链接：① fill...with.… 意为“把…装满…; 用……装满……”。用来描述某人或某物使某个容器或空间装满某种东西的动作。 其结构为：主语(执行动作的人/物)+fill+宾语(要被装满的容器/空间)+with+用来装满的东西. E.g. —You can fill this botle with clean water. 你可以把这个瓶子装满干净的水。 —Good idea. 好主意。 ② be full of意为“充满；装满”, 可与be filled with互换，表示某个容器或空间装满了某种东西。 E.g. The glass is full of water. 杯子里装满了水。 【即时练习】—Can I fill the box ________ my model cars? —I’m afraid not. It’s ________ my school things. A. for; full of B. with; fill of C. with; full of D. in; filled with 4. People can choose their own food and put as much food as they like into the pot. 人们可以选择他们自己喜欢的食物，把尽可能多的食物放进锅里。 (教材P75 Activity 2） as much/many...as意为“尽可能多的……”, 它强调的是数量上的自由或最大限度。 其结构为：as+much/many+名词+as+主语+动词(like、want、can、need等) 注意： 单词 用法 much 后面跟不可数名词，如food、water、time、money、homework等。 many 后面跟可数名词复数，如books、apples、students、friends等。 E.g. You can drink as much milk as you like at home. (much修饰不可数名词milk) 在家里你想喝多少牛奶就喝多少牛奶。 You can take as many books as you need. (many修饰可数名词复数books) 你需要多少书就可以拿多少书。 拓展：“as...as...” 意为“像……一样……; 和……同样……”, 用于比较两个事物的相同程度。 其结构为：A+动词+as+形容词/副词的原级+as+B. E.g. She is as tall as her friend. (tall是形容词) 她和她的朋友一样高。 He can run as fast as his brother. (fast是副词) 他能和他哥哥跑得一样快。 链接：“as...as possible” 意为“尽可能……”。 E.g. I will come as soon as possible. 我会尽快回来。 【即时练习】Boys and girls, you should be as _________ as you can. If you are full of confidence, you will find there is nothing difficult on the test paper. A. confident B. more confident C. the most confident Function 1. You got any ideas? 你有什么想法吗? (教材P76 Activity 3） 这句话是在询问对方是否有关于某个问题或某件事的建议、想法或解决方案，常用于美式口语中。 E.g. We need to decide where to go this weekend. You got any ideas? 我们需要决定这个周末去哪，你有什么想法吗? 注意：在比较正式的场合，比如课堂提问、商务会议等，其相关句型为： 你有什么想法吗? Do you have any ideas? Have you got any ideas? 【即时练习】—________ you got any stamps from England? —No, I haven’t. A. Do B. Has C. Have 2. Everyone is excited about acting and singing on Wednesday. 每个人都对周三的表演和唱歌感到兴奋。 (教材P76 Activity 3） be excited about意为“对……感到兴奋”, 表示因某事或某物而产生兴奋、激动的情绪。 主语通常是人，其中about是介词，后面常接名词、代词或动名词。 E.g. I am excited about the coming school trip. 我对即将到来的学校旅行感到很兴奋。 拓展：be excited to do sth. 意为“做某事感到兴奋”, 侧重于做某事的行动本身。 E.g. I am excited to visit the zoo tomorrow. 我明天去参观动物园，我感到很兴奋。 【即时练习】________ you ________ excited about the coming trip? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. Now, Chinese women wear qipaos at special events like weddings. 如今，中国女性在婚礼等特殊场合穿旗袍。 (教材P79 Activity2） at special events意为“在特殊的场合”。 E.g. We wear formal clothes at special events. 我们在特殊的场合穿正式的衣服。 链接：event的相关短语 a big event/an important event 大事；重要事件 a special event 特殊活动；特别场合 main event主要事件；主赛事 sporting event /sports event体育赛事；体育活动 social event社交活动 E.g. The school sports meet is a big event at our school every year. 校运会是我们学校每年的一件大事。 The museum is holding a special event for children this weekend. 博物馆将于本周末为孩子们举办一场特殊活动。 Everyone was waiting for the main event—the fireworks show. 大家都在等待主要活动——烟花表演。 —Did you watch the sports event on TV last night? 你昨晚看电视上的体育赛事了吗? —Yes, I did. 是的，我看了。 My parents are going to a social event this evening. 我父母今晚要去参加一个社交活动。 【即时练习】李过去常常记不住历史中的重要日期和事件。 Lee used to have trouble remembering important dates and ________ in history. Theme Reading 1. The tea trader, an old man from Shanxi, came with a long line of traders. 那位晋籍老茶商带着绵延的商队而来。 (教材P80 Activity 2） 介词短语“with+名词/名词短语”跟在动词come后面，描述主语来的时候伴随的人。此外，还可描述伴随的物或特征。 E.g. My brother came with his friends to the party. (伴随的人) 我哥哥和他的朋友们一起来了聚会。 The new phone comes with free earphones. (伴随的物) 这部新手机自带一副免费的耳机。 Spring comes with warm weather and beautiful flowers. (伴随的特征) 春天伴随着温暖的天气和美丽的花朵而来。 【即时练习】送货员带着一大箱给孩子们的礼物来了。 The delivery man ________ ________ a large box of gifts for the children. 2. They relied on camels and horses to transport goods to northwestern China. 他们依靠骆驼和马匹将货物运往中国西北部。 (教材P80 Activity 2） 1) rely, 动词，意为“依赖；依靠”。rely on意为“依赖；依靠；信赖”, 后跟名词、代词或动名词，可与rely upon互换。指需要某人或某物来获得帮助、支持或正常运作，含有信任的意味。 其具体用法如下： rely on/upon sb. sth. for sth. 依靠某人/某物获取某物 to do sth. 依靠某人/某物做某事 (强调依赖某人或某物去执行某个未来或预期的动作) doing sth. 依靠某人/某物做某事 (强调依赖“做某事”这一行为本身或习惯性事实) E.g. Farmers rely on good weather for their crops. 农民依靠好天气来种植庄稼。 Sometimes, we rely on our teachers to learn new things. 有时候，我们依靠老师学习新知识。 I rely on my alarm clock waking me up. 我依赖闹钟叫醒我。 2) transport, 动词，意为“运输，运送”。 transport...to sp. 意为“将……运输/运送到某地”, 通常指把人或物运到某地。 E.g. Farmers use trucks to transport fresh vegetables to the city every morning. 每天早上，农民用卡车把新鲜蔬菜运送到城里。 拓展：transport的相关词性及单词 单词 词性 意思 transport 不可数名词 交通运输系统；运输工具；运输；运送 transportation 交通运输系统 transporter 名词 大型载重运输车 transportable 形容词 可运输；可运送；可输送 transport ship 名词 运输船 E.g. Applicants must have their own transport. 申请人必须有自己的交通工具。 The city is providing free transportation to the stadium from downtown. 本市现在提供从市中心到体育场的免费交通。 A transporter carries cars from the factory to the shop. 运输车把汽车从工厂运到商店。 It's said that this transportable radio is easy to carry. 据说这个可移动的收音机很容易携带。 The transport ship carries food and toys across the sea. 这艘运输船运送食物和玩具渡海。 【即时练习】1) We should rely ________ our own hands to protect and develop traditional Chinese culture. A. in B. on C. at D. with 2) Canal systems made waterway _____________ (transport) much faster. 3. For the old man, trading on this route was not just for making aliving; it was more about passing down the family tradition. 对这位老人来说，在这条路线上经商不仅仅是为了谋生；更多的是延续家族传统。 (教材P80 Activity 2） 1) make a living意为“谋生”, 指通过工作赚钱来支付生活所需，如食物、衣服、住宿等。 E.g. It's hard to make a living in that small town. 在那个小镇谋生很困难。 拓展：make a living的相关用法 make aliving by doing sth. 通过做某事谋生 as a/an+职业 以……(职业)为生 from sth. 靠……谋生 E.g. Many people make a living by working in factorie. 许多人通过在工厂工作谋生。 His father makes a living as a farmer. 他父亲以务农为生。 She makes a living from selling fruit online. 她靠在网上卖水果谋生。 注意：make a living是固定短语，a不能省略。 2) pass down意为“使世代相传；流传”。指将知识、技能、习俗、物品、传统等从一代人传给下一代人。可与hand down互换。 归纳：pass down的相关用法 pass down+sth. (如knowledge、skills、tradition, stories等) 强调时间上的纵向传递，通常由长辈传给晚辈；可加to, 即pass down...to sb. E.g. We should pass down our cultural tradition. 我们应该传承我们的文化传统。 My grandma passed down her favorite recipes to my mom. 奶奶把她最爱的食谱传给了妈妈。 归纳：pass的相关短语 pass sb. sth. = pass sth.to sb. 把某物传递给某人 pass the time消磨时间 pass by经过；路过 pass an exam/a test 通过考试 pass out昏迷；失去知觉；分发 pass on 转交；(用后)递给，传给 pass away (婉辞，指去世)亡故 E.g. Please pass me the ball. = Please pass the ball to me. 请把球传给我。 I studied hard and finally passed the exam. 我努力学习，终于通过了考试。 Please pass on this book to Xiao Hua. 请把这本书转交给肖华。 We played chess to pass the time on the train. 我们在火车上下国际象棋来消磨时间。 I saw Li Ming when I passed by the library yesterday. 我昨天路过图书馆时看见了李明。 It was so hot that she passed out. 天太热了，她晕倒了。 The teacher passed out the test papers. 老师分发了试卷。 His grandfather sadly passed away last year. 他的祖父去年不幸去世了。 【即时练习】1) He makes a living ________ teaching English. A. by B. with C. in D. for 2) Li Ao, one of my favourite Chinese writer, ________ earlier this year. He was a man who was never afraid of any power. A. passed down B. passed on C. passed off D. passed away 3) 作为我们的民族语言，汉语帮助我们了解历史，传承民族精神。 As our national language, Chinese helps us understand history and ________ ________ our national spirit. Grammar in Use 1. People began to ship goods through the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal centuries ago. 数百年前，人们就开始通过京杭大运河运输货物。(教材P82 Activity 1） 。 ship, 在这里作动词，意为“船运；运输；运送”, 尤指通过船、火车、飞机或卡车等交通工具进行较长距离或较大批量的运输。 其相关用法为： ship+sb./sth.+ to+sp. 把某人/某物运送到某地 E.g. The company ships goods to Chongqing every month. 这家公司每月把货物运送到重庆。 链接：ship还可作名词，意为“(大)船；舰”, 指在水上航行的大型交通工具。 E.g. We saw a big ship sailing on the sea. 我们看到一艘大船在海上航行。 拓展：ship的相关短语 by ship 乘船旅行，表示交通方式，相当于 by boat/sea。 on a/the ship 在船上。 get on a/the ship 上船，表示进入船上的动作。 get off a/the ship 下船，表示离开船只的动作。 E.g. They traveled to Shanghai by ship yesterday. 他们昨天乘船去了上海。 There are hundreds of people on the ship. 船上有好几百人。 Passengers can get on the ship at 3:00 p.m. 乘客可以在下午3点上船。 Please get off the ship carefully. 下船请小心。 【即时练习】We go to the USA ________. A. by ship B. take a ship C. is designing D. at ship 2. After a day's hard work, Ms.Li wanted to free her mind by enjoying Beijing opera. 一天的辛苦工作后，李女士想通过欣赏京剧来放松心情。 (教材P82 Activity 2） free one's mind意为“放松心情；让头脑放空/清醒；释放思绪”。此时 free在这里作动词，意为“释放；使摆脱”。 E.g. Listening to music helps me free my mind after studying for hours. 学习几个小时后，听音乐能帮助我放松心情。 链接：① mind的相关短语 make up one's mind 作出决定；下定决心 keep……in mind 将…记在心中；记住；考虑到 change one's mind 改变主意 E.g. She made up her mind to study harder. 她下定决心要更努力学习。 Keep these safety rules in mind. 把这些安全规则记在心里。 He wanted to play football, but he changed his mind because of the rain. 他本想踢足球，但因为下雨他改变了主意。 ② mind还可作动词，意为“(请求允许或客气地请人做事)介意；不关心；不在意；不考虑”。 其常见用法如下： never mind (表示并不重要)没关系；无所谓 mind doing sth. 介意做某事(常用于疑问句和否定句) E.g. Never mind, I’ll do it myself. 没关系，我自己来做吧。 Would you mind opening the window? 你介意开下窗吗? 【即时练习】—Would you mind _________ me how to get on well with my deskmate? —I’d be glad to help. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told 3. These names come from the colors of the tea leaves. 这些名字来源于茶叶上的颜色。 (教材P82 Activity 3） leaf, 名词，意为“叶子”, 复数为leaves。 E.g. In autumn, the tree leaves usually turn yellow and red. 秋天，树叶通常变成黄色和红色。 链接：leave, 动词，意为“离开(某人或某处); 忘了带；遗弃；丢弃”。 常用短语：leave sb./sp. 离开某人/某处 leave sth./sb. 留下某物/某人 leave for sp. 动身前往某地 leave sb./sth. alone 让某人独自待着；不碰某物 leave sth./sb behind 留下，忘记带走；落后 E.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上7点离家去学校。 Don't leave your books on the floor. 别把你的书落在地板上。 We will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天将动身去北京。 Leave that cat alone! It will hurt you. 别管那只猫!它会伤害你的。 He wasn't well, so we had to leave him behind. 他身体不适，因此我们只好把他留下。 【即时练习】The ________ of the old house were covered with yellow ________ in autumn. A. roof; leaf B. roofs; leaves C. rooves; leafs D. rooves; leaves 4. Hot tea can cool us down. 热茶可以让我们平静。(教材P82 Activity 3） cool sb. down意为“使平静；使感到凉快(或凉爽);使冷静；使冷淡”,可与cool sb.off互换。此时cool在这里作动词，意为“冷静下来；镇静下来；使变凉；冷却；冷淡下来”。 E.g. Take deep breaths to cool down. 深呼吸让自己冷静下来。 Eating ice cream on a hot day can cool you down. 大热天吃冰激凌能帮你降温。 链接：cool还可作形容词，描述名词的状态。其意思为： cool 凉的；凉爽的；凉快的 / (表示满意或赞同)妙极的，酷的 E.g. The water in the pool feels cool. 泳池里的水摸起来很凉爽。 That new bike is really cool! 那辆新自行车真酷!。 【即时练习】The engine will ________ after the car has been stationary for a few minutes. A. cool down B. break down C. slow down D. turn down 5. I heard that there was going to be a show about the Silk Road there. 我听说那里要举办一场关于丝绸之路的展览。(教材P83 Activity 1） 这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。宾语从句就是一个句子充当另一个句子(主句)中动词的宾语。它通常紧跟在及物动词后，如say、tell、know、think、believe、hope、hear、see等。 句子结构关系图： 宾语从句结构： 拓展：宾语从句(that引导) 要点 说明与原则 引导词 that(可省略), 引导陈述句 语序 陈述句语序(主语+谓语) 时态呼应 ①当主句的谓语为一般现在时态，从句可以根据实际情况来确定时态。 (口诀：主现从随变) ②当主句谓语是过去时态时， a.从句动作与主句动作同时发生，从句用时态呼应一般过去时或过去进行时；b.从句动作发生在主句动作之后，从句用过去将来时。 (口诀：主过从过变) ③当从句表示的是一个客观真理或事实时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时态。 (口诀：真理永不变，牢记现在时) E.g. I know (that) you like music. 我知道你喜欢音乐。 I know that he is a student. 我知道他是一名学生。 She says that she saw a movie yesterday. 她说她昨天看了一部电影。 He believes that it will rain tomorrow. 他认为明天要下雨。 He said he felt tired. 他说他累了。 Lingling told me she was going to call me later. 玲玲告诉我她稍后会给我打电话。 The geography teacher told us (that) the earth goes around the sun. 地理老师告诉我们，地球绕着太阳转。 【即时练习】1) The teacher told us that the Earth ________ around the sun. A. moved B. moves C. was moving D. had moved 2) He asked me,“Where do you live?” (改为宾语从句) He asked me ________ I ________. A. where; live B. where; lived C. where; living D. that; lived 6. With a little push, they go up high, and their hair and skirts fly in the wind. 轻轻一推，她们就飞得很高，头发和裙摆在风中飞舞。(教材P83 Activity 3） 1) 这是一个由连词and连接的并列句，包含两个分句，they go up high和their hair and skirts fly in the wind。第一个分句前面有一个介词短语with a litle push作伴随状语。 句子结构关系图： 2）push，在这里作名词，意为“推；搡”。 E.g. She gave him a gentle push. 她轻轻地推了他一下。 链接：push还可作动词，意为“推动（人或物）；移动（身体部位）”。 push sb. too hard 给某人施加太大压力；逼某人太紧 E.g. We pushed and pushed but the piano wouldn't move. 我们推了又推，但钢琴纹丝不动。 People were pushing and shoving to get to the front. 人们推推搡搡，向最前面挤。 【即时练习】You should not push ________ too hard. It’s important to balance work and rest. A. yourself B. you C. your D. yours Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. I had a pain in my right knee. 我的右膝盖疼。(教材84 Activity 1 B） “have a pain in+the/one's+身体部位名词” 意为“身体某个部位疼/痛”。介词in后面必须接具体的身体部位名词。 E. g. She has a pain in her stomach. 她肚子疼。 链接：“have a pain in+the/one's+身体部位名词” 一般是比较正式的表达，日常口语中也可用“形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+身体部位+hurts”表达，二者通常也可互换。 E.g. I have a pain in my back. = My back hurts. 我后背疼。 辨析：pain, ache和hurt 单词 词性 意思 用法 pain 名词 (身体上的)疼痛 常指身体某部分的疼痛。 动词 使痛苦；使苦恼 不用于进行时态。 ache 名词 (身体某部位的)疼痛 常指持续的，尤指不十分剧烈的疼痛，常与身体部位组成复合名词。如：headache头痛stomachache胃痛 toothache牙痛 backache背痛 动词 疼痛；隐痛；渴望 ache from因……而隐隐作痛 hurt 名词 心灵创伤；委屈 多指情感受伤。 动词 (使)疼痛，受伤；感到疼痛 泛指身体疼或情感受伤，常指有疼痛感。 形容词 (身体上或感情上)受伤的 a hurt knee膝盖受伤的 a hurt look受伤的表情 E.g. She was clearly in a lot of pain. (作名词)她显然痛苦万分。 The wound still pained him. (作动词)他还是感到伤口疼痛。 Mummy, I've got a tummy ache. (作名词)妈妈，我肚子疼。 I'm aching all over. (作动词)我周身疼痛。 —I was aching for home. (作动词) 我很想回家。 —Me, too. 我也是。 There was hurt in her voice. (作名词)她的声音里有难过。 Stop it. You're hurting me. (作动词) 住手。你弄疼我了。 My feet hurt. (作动词) 我脚疼。 Li Lei didn't look seriously hurt. (作形容词)李磊看起来没受重伤。 You have every right to feel hurt. (作形容词) 你伤心是完全合理的。 【即时练习】—What’s wrong with you? —I’ve caught a cold and I’ve got a pain ________ my throat. A. in B. on C. at 2. By chance, I learned that traditional Chinese zhenjiu may help treat the pain, and I decided to have a try. 我偶然间了解到中国传统针灸可能有助于治疗疼痛，我决定试一试。(教材84 Activity 1 B） treat, 动词，意为“治疗；医疗；医治”。 E.g. —The doctor will treat your illness. 医生会治疗你的病。 一OK. 好的。 拓展：① treat的其他意思： treat以……态度/方式对待 treat款待；请(客) E.g. —You should treat others with kindness. 你应该友善地对待他人。 一OK. 好的。 My dad treated me to ice cream. 我爸爸请我吃了冰激凌。 ② treat的相关短语： treat...as… 把…当作……对待 treat....like… 像对待…一样对待… treat yourself (to sth.) (给自己)买点好东西享受一下 E.g. As a matter of fact, we treat our pets as family members. 事实上，我们把宠物当作家人对待。 He treats me like his best friend. 他待我像待他最好的朋友一样。 You worked hard. You should treat yourself to a nice meal. 你辛苦了。你应该犒劳一下自己吃顿好的。 【即时练习】Everyone in our class ________ Jenny a lot because she ________ everyone with respect. A. likes; treats B. likes; cares C. like; treats D. like; cares 3. After the doctor treated me five times, I no longer felt any pain in my knee. 医生给我治疗了五次之后，我的膝盖不再感到疼痛了。(教材84 Activity 1 B） no longer意为“不再”, 表示某个过去的动作或状态现在已经停止或结束。 其在句中的位置关系： 常位于be动词、情态动词或助动词的后面。在实义动词的前面，且通常放在句子中间。 E.g. Mingming is no longer a student. (be动词后)明明不再是个学生了。 She can no longer swim fast. (情态动词后)她再也游不快了。 They no longer play that game. (实义动词前)他们不再玩那个游戏了。 辨析：no longer和no more都意为“不再”, 其区别如下： 短语 no longer no more 侧重点 时间上停止状态或动作的结束。 数量上耗尽或动作不再发生(没有更多了)。 位置 句中 句中/句尾 常用结构 单独使用。 常与名词连用，构成“no more+名词”结构。 同义结构 not..any longer not...any more E.g. She no longer works here. = She does not work here any longer. 她不再在这里工作了。 I have no more money. = I don't have any money any more. 我没有钱了。 【即时练习】Reading Jenny’s stories ________ popular ________ . A. aren’t; no longer B. isn’t; no longer C. isn’t; any longer D. aren’t; anymore 4. As we know, tuina has a long historyin China. 众所周知，推拿在中国有着悠久的历史。 (教材84 Activity 2） as we know意为“众所周知”, 通常放在句首，后面直接跟一个完整的陈述句(主句), 用逗号隔开。 E.g. As we know, the earth goes around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。 拓展：类似意思的表达 短语/句型 意思 用法 as we all know 众所周知 强调“每一个人都知道”, 普遍性更强，语气有时稍强一点。 We all know that... 我们都清楚 口语化(小范围共识) Everybody knows that... 人人都知道 通用表达(普遍常识) It is well known that... 众所周知 表示广为人知的事实，用于书面或正式场合(正式观点) eE.g. —As we all know, smoking is bad for health. 我们每个人都知道，吸烟有害健康。 —Yes. 是的。 —We all know that English is important for future studies. 我们都知道英语对未来的学习很重要。 —I think so. 我认为是这样的。 Everybody knows that the sun rises in the east. 人人都知道太阳从东方升起。 It's well known that China has a long history. 众所周知，中国有悠久的历史。 【即时练习】正如我们所知，一个人的未来与他的努力有关。 ________ ________ ________, one’s future has something to do with his effort. Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. Foreign people called the Chinese the Tang people, and their clothes the Tang suit. 外国人称中国人为唐人，称他们的服装为唐装。 (教材P88 Activity 1） suit, 名词，意为“套装；西装；一套衣服”。 E.g. They won't let you into the restaurant without a suit and tie. 进这家餐厅必须穿西装打领带。 拓展：① suit还可作动词，其意思如下： suit 对(某人)方便；满足(某人)需要；合(某人)心意 suit (尤指服装、颜色等)相配；合身 E.g. There is a range of restaurants to suit all tastes. 有各种各样的餐馆满足所有口味。 —Red suits you. 红色适合你。 —Thank you. 谢谢。 ② suitable, 形容词，意为“合适的；适用的；适宜的；适当的”。 E.g. We are hoping to find a suitable school. 我们希望找到一所合适的学校。 【即时练习】1）We think Samuel is the most ___________ (suit) person to be our monitor because he does everything very carefully. 2）这套西装参加婚礼不够正式。我得找件更合适的。 This ________ isn’t formal enough for the wedding. I need to find something better. 2. This is a good chance for both the locals and tourists to experience Chinese culture. 这对于当地人和游客来说都是体验中国文化的好机会。(教材P88 Activity 2） local, 名词，意为“当地人；本地人；当地居民”, 一般用复数形式。 E.g. The locals are very friendly. 当地人很友好。 拓展：local还可作形容词，意为“地方的；当地的；本地的”, 一般用于名词前。 local people/hospital 当地人/医院 E.g. They want to give more power to local government. 他们想赋予地方政府更多的权力。 【即时练习】我会带你参观我的家乡，你可以体验一下当地的文化。 I will show you around my hometown. You can get a taste of the________ ________. 3. People can learn about Chinese kungfu, wear qipaos, have delicious hot pot and even have a taste of Chinese herbal medicine. 人们可以了解中国功夫，穿旗袍，享用美味的火锅，甚至尝一尝中草药。 (教材P88 Activity 2） have a taste of意为“尝一尝”, 强调亲自去尝试、体验某种食物或饮料的味道。此时taste在这里作名词，意为“少许尝的东西；一口；一点儿”。 E.g. Visitors can have a taste of local honey at the farm. 游客可以在农场尝尝当地的蜂蜜。 归纳：taste作名词时的其他意思 taste 味道；滋味/鉴赏力；欣赏力/味觉/体验；尝试 E.g. The medicine had a slightly bitter taste. 这药略带苦味。 She has very good taste in music. 她有很高的音乐鉴赏力。 Some birds have a highly developed sense of taste. 有些鸟的味觉很发达。 Students can get a taste of the countryside first-hand. 学生可以亲身体验一下乡村生活。 链接：taste还可作系动词，意为“有……的味道”。 常用句型： sth.+ taste+描述味道的形容词 某物尝起来…… E.g. This cake tastes sweet. 这个蛋糕尝起来很甜。 【即时练习】在中国，你可以尝到各种各样的茶。 You can ________ ________ ________ ________ all kinds of tea in China. 4. In the eyes of many people, the Chinatown is a symbol of China and Chinese culture. 在很多人眼里，唐人街是中国和中国文化的象征。(教材P88 Activity 2） in the eyes of sb. 意为“在某人眼里”。 E.g. Li Xiang could do no wrong in the eyes of his parents. 李想在他父母眼里是不会做错事的。 拓展：eye的相关短语 to/in one's eyes 依某人看 keep an eye on sb./sth.照看；留神；留意 turn a blind eye (to sth.) （对某事物）视若无睹；装作看不见 E.g. The picture quality, to my eyes, is excellent. 照片质量在我看来非常好。 Parents need to keep an eye on their children near water. 父母需要留意在水边的小孩。 —We cannot turn a blind eye to pollution problems. 我们不能对污染问题视而不见。 —You're right. 你说得对。 【即时练习】1) __________ many students, English is easy to learn. A. In the eyes of B. Keep an eye on C. Turn a blind eye to 2) We should not __________ the bad habits around us. A. keep an eye on B. turn a blind eye to C. in one's eyes 单元语法 词性转换 词性转换 词性转换是英语构词法的重要形式，指词汇在不同语境中形态不变而词性发生转换 的现象。其主要类型包括名词与动词、形容词与动词、动词与名词之间的相互转换。 1) 转换类型及规律 类型 用法 例词 例句 名词 ↓ 动词 工具名词→使用工具的动作 bottle 名词，意为“(细颈)瓶子”。 Let's collect bottles! 我们收集瓶子吧! 动词，意为“把(液体)装入瓶中”。 She bottles fresh juice for her kids. 她为孩子们装瓶新鲜果汁。 ship 名词，意为“(大)船；舰”。 There is a ship on the sea. 海上有一艘船。 动词，意为“船运”。 We can ship goods to many countries by sea, 我们可以通过海运把货物运到很多国家。 hand 名词，意为“手”。 Please hold my hand. 请抓住我的手。 动词，意为“交；给；递”。 Please hand me the book. 请把书递给我。 类型 用法 例词 例句 名词 ↓ 动词 实体名词 →相关动作 name 名词，意为“名字”。 What's your name? 你叫什么名字? 动词，意为“给……取名”。 My daughter named the cat “Cola”. 我女儿给猫取名“可乐”。 present 名词，意为“礼物”。 I want to buy a present for my son. 我想给儿子买一个礼物。 动词，意为“提出；提交”。 She presented him with a nice gift. 她送给他一份精美的礼物。 dress 名词，意为“连衣裙”。 There ae all styles of dresses in the clothes store. 服装店里有各种款式的裙子。 动词，意为“给(某人)穿衣服”。 Her mother dressed her in a new dress. 她妈妈给她穿上了新裙子。 类型 用法 例词 例句 形容词 ↓ 动词 状态→ 制造状态 empty 形容词，意为“空的”。 The trash can is empty. 垃圾箱是空的。 动词，意为“倒空；变空”。 Please empty the trash can after dinner. 饭后请清空垃圾桶。 warm 形容词，意为“温暖的”。 Spring is warm. 春天是温暖的。 动词，意为“变暖和”。 The sun warms the earth. 太阳使地球变暖。 free 形容词，意为“自由的；空闲的”。 I have free time today. 今天我有空。 动词，意为“使摆脱；释放”。 The bird was freed from the cage. 鸟从笼子里被放出来了 。 类型 用法 例词 例句 动词 ↓ 名词 词形不变，意义相近 work 动词/名词，意为“工作；劳动”。 I work in a school. 我在一所学校工作。 I finished my work early today. 我今天早早结束了工作。 study 动词/名词，意为“学习；研究”。 I study English every day. 我每天学习英语。 A healthy lifestyle is good for your study. 良好的生活方式对你的学习有好处。 reply 动词/名词，意为“回答；答复”。 She didn't even bother to reply. 她根本就懒得回答。 They received a negative reply. 他们得到一个否定的回答。 类型 用法 例词 例句 名词 ↓ 动词 词形不变，意义不同 change 动词，意为“改变”。 I need to change my plan. 我需要改变我的计划。 名词，意为“找给的零钱”。 Here's your change. 这是找您的零钱。 walk 动词，意为“走”。 Let's go and walk the dog. 我们去遛狗吧。 名词，意为“散步”。 We took a walk. 我们散步了。 2) 转换特征 (1) 拼写形式保持不变； (2) 部分词汇存在重音变化，如record。 record /'rekərd/ (n.) → /rɪ'kɔ:rd/ (v.) E.g. —His new record is available on CD or as a download. (作名词)他的新专辑可以通过购买CD或者网上下载获得。 —I see. 我知道。 —You should record all your expenses during your trip. (作动词)你应该记下你旅行中的所有开支。 —Good idea! 好主意! 3) 语义特征 转换前后词义保持逻辑关联。 tea (n.茶) → × tea (v.) (无茶相关动作) → 无效转换 present (n.礼物) → present (v.提出) → 有效转换 E.g. My friend presented me a cute note book as my birthday present. 朋友送我一本可爱的笔记本当作生日礼物。 4) 口诀助记 宾语从句（I） 1) 概念 宾语是构成句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就被称为宾语从句。宾语从句在句中充当动词或介词的宾语，由引导词引入，需遵循陈述句语序，并注意时态呼应。 2）宾语从句三要素：引导词、语序、时态 （1）引导词 that引导陈述句，表示事实或观点。从属连词that无实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中that可省略。 E.g. I know (that) you like skiing. 我知道你喜欢滑雪。 （2）语序 宾语从句必须使用陈述句子语序，陈述句语序就是主语在前，谓语在后。 E.g. He says that he doesn't know Miss Wang. 他说他不认识王老师。 (3) 时态 主句是现在或将来的某种时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况使用所需要的任何一种时态。 E.g. I know that he is a student. 我知道他是一名学生。 She says that she saw a movie yesterday. 她说她昨天看了一部电影。 He believes that it will rain tomorrow. 他认为明天要下雨。 You will find that this book is fun. 你会发现这本书很有趣。 注意：①that是引导宾语从句的常用词，很多时候可以省略，省略后句子意思不变。但以下情况，that不能省略。 当宾语从句前有插入语时；插入语常见的有I think、I believe、I guess、he said等。 当句子结构比较复杂且从句前面有其他成分(比如宾语补足语)隔开时； 当主句的谓语动词(比如say、tell、think等)后面有多个宾语从句时，第二个及以后的that不可省略； 为强调宾语从句本身的内容，或者为了句子结构更清晰时。 E.g. The truth is, I think, that you are right. 我觉得，事实上你是对的。 I made it clear that I didn't want to go to the party. 我明确表示我不想去参加派对。 He explained (that) the project was difficult and that he needed more time. 他解释了项目有难度，并且他需要更多时间。 I believe that practice makes perfect. 我相信熟能生巧。 ② 否定前移 当主句的谓语动词是think、believe、suppose、imagine等词，且宾语从句表达否定含义时，常把否定前移至主句的谓语部分，从句仍用肯定形式。 E.g. 正确：I don't think he will come. (否定在主句)我认为他不会来。 错误：I think he won't come. (否定在从句) 3) 总结 掌握宾语从句需牢记三要点： (1) 正确选择引导词(that); (2) 严格使用陈述句语序； (3) 注意时态选择。 语法知识点小测： 一、单词拼写。 1．They believed that kung fu ________ (make) them strong. 2．I think that she ________ (watch) TV now. 3．He told me that he ________ (visit) the museum last week. 4．The teacher told us to face the difficulties ________ (brave). 5．People hold the activity ________ (celebrate) the Spring Festival. 6．Kung Fu is a ________ (tradition) Chinese sport. 7．They spent three hours ________ (collect) information for the project. 8．We are encouraged ________ (show) our love for China. 9．Kangkang is a ________ ________. (天才音乐家) 10．It is ________ to watch the kung fu performance in the meeting. (excite) 二、完成句子。 1．他总是如此地勤奋，以致于他能取得好成绩。 He is always ________ hardworking ________ he can get good grades. 2．你能为我展示一下如何烘焙蛋糕吗？ Can you ________ me ________ ________ make a cake? 3．北京烤鸭是最著名的中国传统美食之一。 Beijing roast duck is one of ________ ________ ________ traditional foods in China. 4．The teacher says. Light travels fast. → The teacher says __________________. 5．We think. The story is very interesting. → We think __________________. 6．He told me. He went to Beijing last month. → He told me __________________. 7．She says. She will learn kung fu. → She says __________________. 8．许多年前，他们靠卖牛奶谋生。 Many years ago, they________ ________ ________ by selling milk. 9．他们沿路贩卖丝绸和中国货物。 They sold ________ and Chinese goods ________ the roads. 10．旗袍是中国传统文化的组成部分。 The qipao is ________ of Chinese ________ ________. 三、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．I’m proud ________ our country. A．of B．at C．in ( ) 2．Kung fu is a kind of traditional ________. A．food B．sport C．culture ( ) 3．We will have a class ________ about Chinese culture. A．meeting B．cake C．photo ( ) 4．We should be proud ________ our great Chinese culture. A．of B．in C．for D．at ( ) 5．Many students join the kung fu club ________ they want to keep healthy. A．because B．so C．but D．before ( ) 6．在句子“The three businessmen chatted about the trade routes.”中，为了强调是“他们三个人”而不是别人，应该重读哪个词？ A．businessmen B．three C．chatted D．routes ( ) 7．Look! My grandmother is going to ________ the flowers in the garden. A．water B．water’s C．watering D．watered ( ) 8．The ________ of the old house were covered with yellow ________ in autumn. A．roof; leaf B．roofs; leaves C．rooves; leafs D．rooves; leaves ( ) 9．I truly know ________ Chinese tea is very popular around the world. A．that B．who C．where D．whom ( ) 10．If you find your nose bleeding, you should ________ down on your nose for a moment to make a nosebleed stop. A．press B．pull C．check ( ) 11．Mike failed again, but he never lost confidence. That’s ________ he achieved success at last. A．what B．when C．why D．where ( ) 12．Women wear qipao ________ it is a symbol of traditional beauty. A．so B．because C．and D．or ( ) 13．The old trader walked a long way ________ a living. A．make B．making C．to make D．made ( ) 14．People perform lion dances ________ good luck. A．get B．to get C．getting D．gets ( ) 15．People used camels ________ goods to the west long ago. A．transport B．to transport C．transporting D．transported 四、完形填空 What will happen if a family goes without the internet for a month? An American family decided to 1 .  They sent an invitation (邀请) to a TV station, and asked the workers to 2 their daily life without the internet for a month. When the workers met the Smiths, they found that Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two kids were so 3 about the internet that they hardly did things together. At mealtimes, everybody 4 at the dining table for their food. “Everyone just runs into the kitchen, takes their food and then goes back to their 5 ,” Mrs. Smith explained. “If we don’t make a change, our family will become 6 to each other!” Getting back to a life without the internet is not 7 , especially when the Smiths lose themselves in it.  They have to make many changes.  For example, the two kids have to go to the school library to 8 books for their scientific projects. Mr. and Mrs. Smith need to go out shopping 9 they cannot buy things online.  As the family 10 picked up the new lifestyle, they found that they could spend more time talking over meals, playing sports and doing all kinds of activities together. ( ) 1．A．find out B．get up C．come back ( ) 2．A．change B．record C．perform ( ) 3．A．afraid B．famous C．crazy ( ) 4．A．sat B．lay C．stood ( ) 5．A．books B．screens C．bills ( ) 6．A．friends B．strangers C．classmates ( ) 7．A．sad B．difficult C．easy ( ) 8．A．borrow B．write C．steal ( ) 9．A．but B．because C．whether ( ) 10．A．suddenly B．luckily C．finally 五、短文填空 Over the past twenty years, artificial intelligence (AI) 1 (become) an important part of our daily lives. We have gained a wealth of 2 (skill) in solving daily problems with AI these days. For example, online travel has helped develop 3 (tour) a lot. Besides, AI robots are also used in hospitals to take care of patients who have been in hospital 4 a week, which makes doctors’ work much more efficient. What’s more, many students are learning how 5 (choose) proper AI tools to improve their listening skills. These tools can help them practice pronunciation and correct mistakes, which has saved much time since they 6 (start) using AI. 7 AI is very useful, we shouldn’t depend on it too much. We need to seriously think about 8 we can use the technology properly or not so that we won’t be controlled by it. Remember, technology is just 9 tool, and the key is to use it 10 (wise) so that we can live a better and smarter life. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新仁爱八下 Unit11 Fantastic Chinese Culture单元知识梳理（背诵+讲解版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. Li Ming's grandmother is ill and she doesn't feel well. 李明的奶奶病了，她感觉不舒服。 (教材P74 Activity 1 B） ill, 形容词，意为“有病；不舒服”。通常用来描述一种生病的状态，且主语通常是人，多作表语。 be ill意为“生病”, 常和一些表示病情程度的副词搭配。侧重于一种持续的生病状态，常用于描述明确的生病情况，并能和表示时间段的状语连用。 E.g. He is ill. 他生病了。 拓展：get/fall/become ill意为“突然生病”, 强调生病的动作或开始，是短暂性的，不能和时间段连用(在某些语境中，可互换)。 E.g. It's cold outside. You'll get ill if you don't wear warm clothes. = It's cold outside. You'll fall ill if you don't wear warm clothes. = It's cold outside. You'll become ill if you don't wear warm clothes. 外面很冷。不穿暖和点，你会生病的。 辨析：ill和sick 单词 词性 意思 用法 ill 形容词 有病；不舒服 在句中多作表语 可用副词修饰 badly ill 病得很重 seriously ill 病重的 sick (身体或精神)生病的，有病的 在句中作表语或定语 get sick = become ill生病，患病 be sick呕吐 feel sick反胃，恶心，作呕 fall sick = become sick患病；生病 想呕吐，恶心 E.g. She is ill in bed. 她卧病在床。 He has been ill for three days. 他病了三天了。 Her grandmother is badly ill in the hospital. 她奶奶现在病得很重，正在医院住院治疗。 Emma has just called in sick. 埃玛刚才打电话来请病假了。 The doctor helped the sick boy yesterday. (sick作定语，修饰boy, 不能用ill替换) 这个医生昨天帮助了那个生病的男孩。 【即时练习】You will ____B____ if you keep on working like that. A. fall into B. fall ill C. fall away D. fall off 2. I know that it is a part of our traditional clothes. 我知道这是我们传统服装的一部分。 (教材P74 Activity 1 C） 本句是一个包含宾语从句的复合句。宾语从句就是一个句子充当另一个句子(主句)中动词的宾语。位于动词后，说明“听说/知道/认为……”。本句是由连词 that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中无实际意义，且在从句中不充当任何成分，多数情况可省略。 句子结构关系图： E.g. I think that he is right. 我认为他是对的。 【即时练习】I know ____A____ he loves Chinese calligraphy very much. A. that B. what C. where D. who 3. The hot pot is a large pot filled with soup, and it is put in the middle of the table. 火锅是一口盛满汤的大锅，它就摆在桌子中间。 (教材P75 Activity 2） be filled with意为“充满；装满”, 用来描述某物的状态，即某物已经被装满了且里面充满了某种东西。 E.g. This bottle is filled with orange juice. 这个瓶子装满了橙汁。 链接：① fill...with.… 意为“把…装满…; 用……装满……”。用来描述某人或某物使某个容器或空间装满某种东西的动作。 其结构为：主语(执行动作的人/物)+fill+宾语(要被装满的容器/空间)+with+用来装满的东西. E.g. —You can fill this botle with clean water. 你可以把这个瓶子装满干净的水。 —Good idea. 好主意。 ② be full of意为“充满；装满”, 可与be filled with互换，表示某个容器或空间装满了某种东西。 E.g. The glass is full of water. 杯子里装满了水。 【即时练习】—Can I fill the box ____C____ my model cars? —I’m afraid not. It’s ________ my school things. A. for; full of B. with; fill of C. with; full of D. in; filled with 4. People can choose their own food and put as much food as they like into the pot. 人们可以选择他们自己喜欢的食物，把尽可能多的食物放进锅里。 (教材P75 Activity 2） as much/many...as意为“尽可能多的……”, 它强调的是数量上的自由或最大限度。 其结构为：as+much/many+名词+as+主语+动词(like、want、can、need等) 注意： 单词 用法 much 后面跟不可数名词，如food、water、time、money、homework等。 many 后面跟可数名词复数，如books、apples、students、friends等。 E.g. You can drink as much milk as you like at home. (much修饰不可数名词milk) 在家里你想喝多少牛奶就喝多少牛奶。 You can take as many books as you need. (many修饰可数名词复数books) 你需要多少书就可以拿多少书。 拓展：“as...as...” 意为“像……一样……; 和……同样……”, 用于比较两个事物的相同程度。 其结构为：A+动词+as+形容词/副词的原级+as+B. E.g. She is as tall as her friend. (tall是形容词) 她和她的朋友一样高。 He can run as fast as his brother. (fast是副词) 他能和他哥哥跑得一样快。 链接：“as...as possible” 意为“尽可能……”。 E.g. I will come as soon as possible. 我会尽快回来。 【即时练习】Boys and girls, you should be as ____A____ as you can. If you are full of confidence, you will find there is nothing difficult on the test paper. A. confident B. more confident C. the most confident Function 1. You got any ideas? 你有什么想法吗? (教材P76 Activity 3） 这句话是在询问对方是否有关于某个问题或某件事的建议、想法或解决方案，常用于美式口语中。 E.g. We need to decide where to go this weekend. You got any ideas? 我们需要决定这个周末去哪，你有什么想法吗? 注意：在比较正式的场合，比如课堂提问、商务会议等，其相关句型为： 你有什么想法吗? Do you have any ideas? Have you got any ideas? 【即时练习】—____C____ you got any stamps from England? —No, I haven’t. A. Do B. Has C. Have 2. Everyone is excited about acting and singing on Wednesday. 每个人都对周三的表演和唱歌感到兴奋。 (教材P76 Activity 3） be excited about意为“对……感到兴奋”, 表示因某事或某物而产生兴奋、激动的情绪。 主语通常是人，其中about是介词，后面常接名词、代词或动名词。 E.g. I am excited about the coming school trip. 我对即将到来的学校旅行感到很兴奋。 拓展：be excited to do sth. 意为“做某事感到兴奋”, 侧重于做某事的行动本身。 E.g. I am excited to visit the zoo tomorrow. 我明天去参观动物园，我感到很兴奋。 【即时练习】____B____ you ________ excited about the coming trip? A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. Now, Chinese women wear qipaos at special events like weddings. 如今，中国女性在婚礼等特殊场合穿旗袍。 (教材P79 Activity2） at special events意为“在特殊的场合”。 E.g. We wear formal clothes at special events. 我们在特殊的场合穿正式的衣服。 链接：event的相关短语 a big event/an important event 大事；重要事件 a special event 特殊活动；特别场合 main event主要事件；主赛事 sporting event /sports event体育赛事；体育活动 social event社交活动 E.g. The school sports meet is a big event at our school every year. 校运会是我们学校每年的一件大事。 The museum is holding a special event for children this weekend. 博物馆将于本周末为孩子们举办一场特殊活动。 Everyone was waiting for the main event—the fireworks show. 大家都在等待主要活动——烟花表演。 —Did you watch the sports event on TV last night? 你昨晚看电视上的体育赛事了吗? —Yes, I did. 是的，我看了。 My parents are going to a social event this evening. 我父母今晚要去参加一个社交活动。 【即时练习】李过去常常记不住历史中的重要日期和事件。 Lee used to have trouble remembering important dates and events in history. Theme Reading 1. The tea trader, an old man from Shanxi, came with a long line of traders. 那位晋籍老茶商带着绵延的商队而来。 (教材P80 Activity 2） 介词短语“with+名词/名词短语”跟在动词come后面，描述主语来的时候伴随的人。此外，还可描述伴随的物或特征。 E.g. My brother came with his friends to the party. (伴随的人) 我哥哥和他的朋友们一起来了聚会。 The new phone comes with free earphones. (伴随的物) 这部新手机自带一副免费的耳机。 Spring comes with warm weather and beautiful flowers. (伴随的特征) 春天伴随着温暖的天气和美丽的花朵而来。 【即时练习】送货员带着一大箱给孩子们的礼物来了。 The delivery man came with a large box of gifts for the children. 2. They relied on camels and horses to transport goods to northwestern China. 他们依靠骆驼和马匹将货物运往中国西北部。 (教材P80 Activity 2） 1) rely, 动词，意为“依赖；依靠”。rely on意为“依赖；依靠；信赖”, 后跟名词、代词或动名词，可与rely upon互换。指需要某人或某物来获得帮助、支持或正常运作，含有信任的意味。 其具体用法如下： rely on/upon sb. sth. for sth. 依靠某人/某物获取某物 to do sth. 依靠某人/某物做某事 (强调依赖某人或某物去执行某个未来或预期的动作) doing sth. 依靠某人/某物做某事 (强调依赖“做某事”这一行为本身或习惯性事实) E.g. Farmers rely on good weather for their crops. 农民依靠好天气来种植庄稼。 Sometimes, we rely on our teachers to learn new things. 有时候，我们依靠老师学习新知识。 I rely on my alarm clock waking me up. 我依赖闹钟叫醒我。 2) transport, 动词，意为“运输，运送”。 transport...to sp. 意为“将……运输/运送到某地”, 通常指把人或物运到某地。 E.g. Farmers use trucks to transport fresh vegetables to the city every morning. 每天早上，农民用卡车把新鲜蔬菜运送到城里。 拓展：transport的相关词性及单词 单词 词性 意思 transport 不可数名词 交通运输系统；运输工具；运输；运送 transportation 交通运输系统 transporter 名词 大型载重运输车 transportable 形容词 可运输；可运送；可输送 transport ship 名词 运输船 E.g. Applicants must have their own transport. 申请人必须有自己的交通工具。 The city is providing free transportation to the stadium from downtown. 本市现在提供从市中心到体育场的免费交通。 A transporter carries cars from the factory to the shop. 运输车把汽车从工厂运到商店。 It's said that this transportable radio is easy to carry. 据说这个可移动的收音机很容易携带。 The transport ship carries food and toys across the sea. 这艘运输船运送食物和玩具渡海。 【即时练习】1) We should rely ____B____ our own hands to protect and develop traditional Chinese culture. A. in B. on C. at D. with 2) Canal systems made waterway ____transportation____ (transport) much faster. 3. For the old man, trading on this route was not just for making aliving; it was more about passing down the family tradition. 对这位老人来说，在这条路线上经商不仅仅是为了谋生；更多的是延续家族传统。 (教材P80 Activity 2） 1) make a living意为“谋生”, 指通过工作赚钱来支付生活所需，如食物、衣服、住宿等。 E.g. It's hard to make a living in that small town. 在那个小镇谋生很困难。 拓展：make a living的相关用法 make aliving by doing sth. 通过做某事谋生 as a/an+职业 以……(职业)为生 from sth. 靠……谋生 E.g. Many people make a living by working in factorie. 许多人通过在工厂工作谋生。 His father makes a living as a farmer. 他父亲以务农为生。 She makes a living from selling fruit online. 她靠在网上卖水果谋生。 注意：make a living是固定短语，a不能省略。 2) pass down意为“使世代相传；流传”。指将知识、技能、习俗、物品、传统等从一代人传给下一代人。可与hand down互换。 归纳：pass down的相关用法 pass down+sth. (如knowledge、skills、tradition, stories等) 强调时间上的纵向传递，通常由长辈传给晚辈；可加to, 即pass down...to sb. E.g. We should pass down our cultural tradition. 我们应该传承我们的文化传统。 My grandma passed down her favorite recipes to my mom. 奶奶把她最爱的食谱传给了妈妈。 归纳：pass的相关短语 pass sb. sth. = pass sth.to sb. 把某物传递给某人 pass the time消磨时间 pass by经过；路过 pass an exam/a test 通过考试 pass out昏迷；失去知觉；分发 pass on 转交；(用后)递给，传给 pass away (婉辞，指去世)亡故 E.g. Please pass me the ball. = Please pass the ball to me. 请把球传给我。 I studied hard and finally passed the exam. 我努力学习，终于通过了考试。 Please pass on this book to Xiao Hua. 请把这本书转交给肖华。 We played chess to pass the time on the train. 我们在火车上下国际象棋来消磨时间。 I saw Li Ming when I passed by the library yesterday. 我昨天路过图书馆时看见了李明。 It was so hot that she passed out. 天太热了，她晕倒了。 The teacher passed out the test papers. 老师分发了试卷。 His grandfather sadly passed away last year. 他的祖父去年不幸去世了。 【即时练习】1) He makes a living ____A____ teaching English. A. by B. with C. in D. for 2) Li Ao, one of my favourite Chinese writer, _____D______ earlier this year. He was a man who was never afraid of any power. A. passed down B. passed on C. passed off D. passed away 3) 作为我们的民族语言，汉语帮助我们了解历史，传承民族精神。 As our national language, Chinese helps us understand history and pass down our national spirit. Grammar in Use 1. People began to ship goods through the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal centuries ago. 数百年前，人们就开始通过京杭大运河运输货物。(教材P82 Activity 1） 。 ship, 在这里作动词，意为“船运；运输；运送”, 尤指通过船、火车、飞机或卡车等交通工具进行较长距离或较大批量的运输。 其相关用法为： ship+sb./sth.+ to+sp. 把某人/某物运送到某地 E.g. The company ships goods to Chongqing every month. 这家公司每月把货物运送到重庆。 链接：ship还可作名词，意为“(大)船；舰”, 指在水上航行的大型交通工具。 E.g. We saw a big ship sailing on the sea. 我们看到一艘大船在海上航行。 拓展：ship的相关短语 by ship 乘船旅行，表示交通方式，相当于 by boat/sea。 on a/the ship 在船上。 get on a/the ship 上船，表示进入船上的动作。 get off a/the ship 下船，表示离开船只的动作。 E.g. They traveled to Shanghai by ship yesterday. 他们昨天乘船去了上海。 There are hundreds of people on the ship. 船上有好几百人。 Passengers can get on the ship at 3:00 p.m. 乘客可以在下午3点上船。 Please get off the ship carefully. 下船请小心。 【即时练习】We go to the USA ____A____. A. by ship B. take a ship C. is designing D. at ship 2. After a day's hard work, Ms.Li wanted to free her mind by enjoying Beijing opera. 一天的辛苦工作后，李女士想通过欣赏京剧来放松心情。 (教材P82 Activity 2） free one's mind意为“放松心情；让头脑放空/清醒；释放思绪”。此时 free在这里作动词，意为“释放；使摆脱”。 E.g. Listening to music helps me free my mind after studying for hours. 学习几个小时后，听音乐能帮助我放松心情。 链接：① mind的相关短语 make up one's mind 作出决定；下定决心 keep……in mind 将…记在心中；记住；考虑到 change one's mind 改变主意 E.g. She made up her mind to study harder. 她下定决心要更努力学习。 Keep these safety rules in mind. 把这些安全规则记在心里。 He wanted to play football, but he changed his mind because of the rain. 他本想踢足球，但因为下雨他改变了主意。 ② mind还可作动词，意为“(请求允许或客气地请人做事)介意；不关心；不在意；不考虑”。 其常见用法如下： never mind (表示并不重要)没关系；无所谓 mind doing sth. 介意做某事(常用于疑问句和否定句) E.g. Never mind, I’ll do it myself. 没关系，我自己来做吧。 Would you mind opening the window? 你介意开下窗吗? 【即时练习】—Would you mind ____C____ me how to get on well with my deskmate? —I’d be glad to help. A. tell B. to tell C. telling D. told 3. These names come from the colors of the tea leaves. 这些名字来源于茶叶上的颜色。 (教材P82 Activity 3） leaf, 名词，意为“叶子”, 复数为leaves。 E.g. In autumn, the tree leaves usually turn yellow and red. 秋天，树叶通常变成黄色和红色。 链接：leave, 动词，意为“离开(某人或某处); 忘了带；遗弃；丢弃”。 常用短语：leave sb./sp. 离开某人/某处 leave sth./sb. 留下某物/某人 leave for sp. 动身前往某地 leave sb./sth. alone 让某人独自待着；不碰某物 leave sth./sb behind 留下，忘记带走；落后 E.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning. 我每天早上7点离家去学校。 Don't leave your books on the floor. 别把你的书落在地板上。 We will leave for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天将动身去北京。 Leave that cat alone! It will hurt you. 别管那只猫!它会伤害你的。 He wasn't well, so we had to leave him behind. 他身体不适，因此我们只好把他留下。 【即时练习】The ____B____ of the old house were covered with yellow ________ in autumn. A. roof; leaf B. roofs; leaves C. rooves; leafs D. rooves; leaves 4. Hot tea can cool us down. 热茶可以让我们平静。(教材P82 Activity 3） cool sb. down意为“使平静；使感到凉快(或凉爽);使冷静；使冷淡”,可与cool sb.off互换。此时cool在这里作动词，意为“冷静下来；镇静下来；使变凉；冷却；冷淡下来”。 E.g. Take deep breaths to cool down. 深呼吸让自己冷静下来。 Eating ice cream on a hot day can cool you down. 大热天吃冰激凌能帮你降温。 链接：cool还可作形容词，描述名词的状态。其意思为： cool 凉的；凉爽的；凉快的 / (表示满意或赞同)妙极的，酷的 E.g. The water in the pool feels cool. 泳池里的水摸起来很凉爽。 That new bike is really cool! 那辆新自行车真酷!。 【即时练习】The engine will ____A____ after the car has been stationary for a few minutes. A. cool down B. break down C. slow down D. turn down 【详解】句意：汽车停了几分钟后，引擎会冷却下来。 考查动词词组辨析。cool down冷却；break down出故障；slow down减速；turn down调低。根据“after the car has beenstationary for a few minutes”可知，汽车停下来几分钟之后引擎是会冷却下来的，cool down“冷却”符合语境。故选A。 5. I heard that there was going to be a show about the Silk Road there. 我听说那里要举办一场关于丝绸之路的展览。(教材P83 Activity 1） 这是一个含有宾语从句的复合句。宾语从句就是一个句子充当另一个句子(主句)中动词的宾语。它通常紧跟在及物动词后，如say、tell、know、think、believe、hope、hear、see等。 句子结构关系图： 宾语从句结构： 拓展：宾语从句(that引导) 要点 说明与原则 引导词 that(可省略), 引导陈述句 语序 陈述句语序(主语+谓语) 时态呼应 ①当主句的谓语为一般现在时态，从句可以根据实际情况来确定时态。 (口诀：主现从随变) ②当主句谓语是过去时态时， a.从句动作与主句动作同时发生，从句用时态呼应一般过去时或过去进行时；b.从句动作发生在主句动作之后，从句用过去将来时。 (口诀：主过从过变) ③当从句表示的是一个客观真理或事实时，无论主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时态。 (口诀：真理永不变，牢记现在时) E.g. I know (that) you like music. 我知道你喜欢音乐。 I know that he is a student. 我知道他是一名学生。 She says that she saw a movie yesterday. 她说她昨天看了一部电影。 He believes that it will rain tomorrow. 他认为明天要下雨。 He said he felt tired. 他说他累了。 Lingling told me she was going to call me later. 玲玲告诉我她稍后会给我打电话。 The geography teacher told us (that) the earth goes around the sun. 地理老师告诉我们，地球绕着太阳转。 【即时练习】1) The teacher told us that the Earth ____B____ around the sun. A. moved B. moves C. was moving D. had moved 2) He asked me,“Where do you live?” (改为宾语从句) He asked me ______B____ I __________. A. where; live B. where; lived C. where; living D. that; lived 6. With a little push, they go up high, and their hair and skirts fly in the wind. 轻轻一推，她们就飞得很高，头发和裙摆在风中飞舞。(教材P83 Activity 3） 1) 这是一个由连词and连接的并列句，包含两个分句，they go up high和their hair and skirts fly in the wind。第一个分句前面有一个介词短语with a litle push作伴随状语。 句子结构关系图： 2）push，在这里作名词，意为“推；搡”。 E.g. She gave him a gentle push. 她轻轻地推了他一下。 链接：push还可作动词，意为“推动（人或物）；移动（身体部位）”。 push sb. too hard 给某人施加太大压力；逼某人太紧 E.g. We pushed and pushed but the piano wouldn't move. 我们推了又推，但钢琴纹丝不动。 People were pushing and shoving to get to the front. 人们推推搡搡，向最前面挤。 【即时练习】You should not push ____A____ too hard. It’s important to balance work and rest. A. yourself B. you C. your D. yours Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. I had a pain in my right knee. 我的右膝盖疼。(教材84 Activity 1 B） “have a pain in+the/one's+身体部位名词” 意为“身体某个部位疼/痛”。介词in后面必须接具体的身体部位名词。 E. g. She has a pain in her stomach. 她肚子疼。 链接：“have a pain in+the/one's+身体部位名词” 一般是比较正式的表达，日常口语中也可用“形容词性物主代词/名词所有格+身体部位+hurts”表达，二者通常也可互换。 E.g. I have a pain in my back. = My back hurts. 我后背疼。 辨析：pain, ache和hurt 单词 词性 意思 用法 pain 名词 (身体上的)疼痛 常指身体某部分的疼痛。 动词 使痛苦；使苦恼 不用于进行时态。 ache 名词 (身体某部位的)疼痛 常指持续的，尤指不十分剧烈的疼痛，常与身体部位组成复合名词。如：headache头痛stomachache胃痛 toothache牙痛 backache背痛 动词 疼痛；隐痛；渴望 ache from因……而隐隐作痛 hurt 名词 心灵创伤；委屈 多指情感受伤。 动词 (使)疼痛，受伤；感到疼痛 泛指身体疼或情感受伤，常指有疼痛感。 形容词 (身体上或感情上)受伤的 a hurt knee膝盖受伤的 a hurt look受伤的表情 E.g. She was clearly in a lot of pain. (作名词)她显然痛苦万分。 The wound still pained him. (作动词)他还是感到伤口疼痛。 Mummy, I've got a tummy ache. (作名词)妈妈，我肚子疼。 I'm aching all over. (作动词)我周身疼痛。 —I was aching for home. (作动词) 我很想回家。 —Me, too. 我也是。 There was hurt in her voice. (作名词)她的声音里有难过。 Stop it. You're hurting me. (作动词) 住手。你弄疼我了。 My feet hurt. (作动词) 我脚疼。 Li Lei didn't look seriously hurt. (作形容词)李磊看起来没受重伤。 You have every right to feel hurt. (作形容词) 你伤心是完全合理的。 【即时练习】—What’s wrong with you? —I’ve caught a cold and I’ve got a pain ____A____ my throat. A. in B. on C. at 2. By chance, I learned that traditional Chinese zhenjiu may help treat the pain, and I decided to have a try. 我偶然间了解到中国传统针灸可能有助于治疗疼痛，我决定试一试。(教材84 Activity 1 B） treat, 动词，意为“治疗；医疗；医治”。 E.g. —The doctor will treat your illness. 医生会治疗你的病。 一OK. 好的。 拓展：① treat的其他意思： treat以……态度/方式对待 treat款待；请(客) E.g. —You should treat others with kindness. 你应该友善地对待他人。 —OK. 好的。 My dad treated me to ice cream. 我爸爸请我吃了冰激凌。 ② treat的相关短语： treat...as… 把…当作……对待 treat....like… 像对待…一样对待… treat yourself (to sth.) (给自己)买点好东西享受一下 E.g. As a matter of fact, we treat our pets as family members. 事实上，我们把宠物当作家人对待。 He treats me like his best friend. 他待我像待他最好的朋友一样。 You worked hard. You should treat yourself to a nice meal. 你辛苦了。你应该犒劳一下自己吃顿好的。 【即时练习】Everyone in our class ____A____ Jenny a lot because she ________ everyone with respect. A. likes; treats B. likes; cares C. like; treats D. like; cares 3. After the doctor treated me five times, I no longer felt any pain in my knee. 医生给我治疗了五次之后，我的膝盖不再感到疼痛了。(教材84 Activity 1 B） no longer意为“不再”, 表示某个过去的动作或状态现在已经停止或结束。 其在句中的位置关系： 常位于be动词、情态动词或助动词的后面。在实义动词的前面，且通常放在句子中间。 E.g. Mingming is no longer a student. (be动词后)明明不再是个学生了。 She can no longer swim fast. (情态动词后)她再也游不快了。 They no longer play that game. (实义动词前)他们不再玩那个游戏了。 辨析：no longer和no more都意为“不再”, 其区别如下： 短语 no longer no more 侧重点 时间上停止状态或动作的结束。 数量上耗尽或动作不再发生(没有更多了)。 位置 句中 句中/句尾 常用结构 单独使用。 常与名词连用，构成“no more+名词”结构。 同义结构 not..any longer not...any more E.g. She no longer works here. = She does not work here any longer. 她不再在这里工作了。 I have no more money. = I don't have any money any more. 我没有钱了。 【即时练习】Reading Jenny’s stories _____C___ popular ________ . A. aren’t; no longer B. isn’t; no longer C. isn’t; any longer D. aren’t; anymore 4. As we know, tuina has a long history in China. 众所周知，推拿在中国有着悠久的历史。 (教材84 Activity 2） as we know意为“众所周知”, 通常放在句首，后面直接跟一个完整的陈述句(主句), 用逗号隔开。 E.g. As we know, the earth goes around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。 拓展：类似意思的表达 短语/句型 意思 用法 as we all know 众所周知 强调“每一个人都知道”, 普遍性更强，语气有时稍强一点。 We all know that... 我们都清楚 口语化(小范围共识) Everybody knows that... 人人都知道 通用表达(普遍常识) It is well known that... 众所周知 表示广为人知的事实，用于书面或正式场合(正式观点) eE.g. —As we all know, smoking is bad for health. 我们每个人都知道，吸烟有害健康。 —Yes. 是的。 —We all know that English is important for future studies. 我们都知道英语对未来的学习很重要。 —I think so. 我认为是这样的。 Everybody knows that the sun rises in the east. 人人都知道太阳从东方升起。 It's well known that China has a long history. 众所周知，中国有悠久的历史。 【即时练习】正如我们所知，一个人的未来与他的努力有关。 As we know, one’s future has something to do with his effort. Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. Foreign people called the Chinese the Tang people, and their clothes the Tang suit. 外国人称中国人为唐人，称他们的服装为唐装。 (教材P88 Activity 1） suit, 名词，意为“套装；西装；一套衣服”。 E.g. They won't let you into the restaurant without a suit and tie. 进这家餐厅必须穿西装打领带。 拓展：① suit还可作动词，其意思如下： suit 对(某人)方便；满足(某人)需要；合(某人)心意 suit (尤指服装、颜色等)相配；合身 E.g. There is a range of restaurants to suit all tastes. 有各种各样的餐馆满足所有口味。 —Red suits you. 红色适合你。 —Thank you. 谢谢。 ② suitable, 形容词，意为“合适的；适用的；适宜的；适当的”。 E.g. We are hoping to find a suitable school. 我们希望找到一所合适的学校。 【即时练习】1）We think Samuel is the most _____suitable___ (suit) person to be our monitor because he does everything very carefully. 2）这套西装参加婚礼不够正式。我得找件更合适的。 This suit isn’t formal enough for the wedding. I need to find something better. 2. This is a good chance for both the locals and tourists to experience Chinese culture. 这对于当地人和游客来说都是体验中国文化的好机会。(教材P88 Activity 2） local, 名词，意为“当地人；本地人；当地居民”, 一般用复数形式。 E.g. The locals are very friendly. 当地人很友好。 拓展：local还可作形容词，意为“地方的；当地的；本地的”, 一般用于名词前。 local people/hospital 当地人/医院 E.g. They want to give more power to local government. 他们想赋予地方政府更多的权力。 【即时练习】我会带你参观我的家乡，你可以体验一下当地的文化。 I will show you around my hometown. You can get a taste of the local culture. 3. People can learn about Chinese kungfu, wear qipaos, have delicious hot pot and even have a taste of Chinese herbal medicine. 人们可以了解中国功夫，穿旗袍，享用美味的火锅，甚至尝一尝中草药。 (教材P88 Activity 2） have a taste of意为“尝一尝”, 强调亲自去尝试、体验某种食物或饮料的味道。此时taste在这里作名词，意为“少许尝的东西；一口；一点儿”。 E.g. Visitors can have a taste of local honey at the farm. 游客可以在农场尝尝当地的蜂蜜。 归纳：taste作名词时的其他意思 taste 味道；滋味/鉴赏力；欣赏力/味觉/体验；尝试 E.g. The medicine had a slightly bitter taste. 这药略带苦味。 She has very good taste in music. 她有很高的音乐鉴赏力。 Some birds have a highly developed sense of taste. 有些鸟的味觉很发达。 Students can get a taste of the countryside first-hand. 学生可以亲身体验一下乡村生活。 链接：taste还可作系动词，意为“有……的味道”。 常用句型： sth.+ taste+描述味道的形容词 某物尝起来…… E.g. This cake tastes sweet. 这个蛋糕尝起来很甜。 【即时练习】在中国，你可以尝到各种各样的茶。 You can have a taste of all kinds of tea in China. 4. In the eyes of many people, the Chinatown is a symbol of China and Chinese culture. 在很多人眼里，唐人街是中国和中国文化的象征。(教材P88 Activity 2） in the eyes of sb. 意为“在某人眼里”。 E.g. Li Xiang could do no wrong in the eyes of his parents. 李想在他父母眼里是不会做错事的。 拓展：eye的相关短语 to/in one's eyes 依某人看 keep an eye on sb./sth.照看；留神；留意 turn a blind eye (to sth.) （对某事物）视若无睹；装作看不见 E.g. The picture quality, to my eyes, is excellent. 照片质量在我看来非常好。 Parents need to keep an eye on their children near water. 父母需要留意在水边的小孩。 —We cannot turn a blind eye to pollution problems. 我们不能对污染问题视而不见。 —You're right. 你说得对。 【即时练习】1) ___A___ many students, English is easy to learn. A. In the eyes of B. Keep an eye on C. Turn a blind eye to 2) We should not __B____ the bad habits around us. A. keep an eye on B. turn a blind eye to C. in one's eyes 单元语法 词性转换 词性转换 词性转换是英语构词法的重要形式，指词汇在不同语境中形态不变而词性发生转换 的现象。其主要类型包括名词与动词、形容词与动词、动词与名词之间的相互转换。 1) 转换类型及规律 类型 用法 例词 例句 名词 ↓ 动词 工具名词→使用工具的动作 bottle 名词，意为“(细颈)瓶子”。 Let's collect bottles! 我们收集瓶子吧! 动词，意为“把(液体)装入瓶中”。 She bottles fresh juice for her kids. 她为孩子们装瓶新鲜果汁。 ship 名词，意为“(大)船；舰”。 There is a ship on the sea. 海上有一艘船。 动词，意为“船运”。 We can ship goods to many countries by sea, 我们可以通过海运把货物运到很多国家。 hand 名词，意为“手”。 Please hold my hand. 请抓住我的手。 动词，意为“交；给；递”。 Please hand me the book. 请把书递给我。 类型 用法 例词 例句 名词 ↓ 动词 实体名词 →相关动作 name 名词，意为“名字”。 What's your name? 你叫什么名字? 动词，意为“给……取名”。 My daughter named the cat “Cola”. 我女儿给猫取名“可乐”。 present 名词，意为“礼物”。 I want to buy a present for my son. 我想给儿子买一个礼物。 动词，意为“提出；提交”。 She presented him with a nice gift. 她送给他一份精美的礼物。 dress 名词，意为“连衣裙”。 There ae all styles of dresses in the clothes store. 服装店里有各种款式的裙子。 动词，意为“给(某人)穿衣服”。 Her mother dressed her in a new dress. 她妈妈给她穿上了新裙子。 类型 用法 例词 例句 形容词 ↓ 动词 状态→ 制造状态 empty 形容词，意为“空的”。 The trash can is empty. 垃圾箱是空的。 动词，意为“倒空；变空”。 Please empty the trash can after dinner. 饭后请清空垃圾桶。 warm 形容词，意为“温暖的”。 Spring is warm. 春天是温暖的。 动词，意为“变暖和”。 The sun warms the earth. 太阳使地球变暖。 free 形容词，意为“自由的；空闲的”。 I have free time today. 今天我有空。 动词，意为“使摆脱；释放”。 The bird was freed from the cage. 鸟从笼子里被放出来了 。 类型 用法 例词 例句 动词 ↓ 名词 词形不变，意义相近 work 动词/名词，意为“工作；劳动”。 I work in a school. 我在一所学校工作。 I finished my work early today. 我今天早早结束了工作。 study 动词/名词，意为“学习；研究”。 I study English every day. 我每天学习英语。 A healthy lifestyle is good for your study. 良好的生活方式对你的学习有好处。 reply 动词/名词，意为“回答；答复”。 She didn't even bother to reply. 她根本就懒得回答。 They received a negative reply. 他们得到一个否定的回答。 类型 用法 例词 例句 名词 ↓ 动词 词形不变，意义不同 change 动词，意为“改变”。 I need to change my plan. 我需要改变我的计划。 名词，意为“找给的零钱”。 Here's your change. 这是找您的零钱。 walk 动词，意为“走”。 Let's go and walk the dog. 我们去遛狗吧。 名词，意为“散步”。 We took a walk. 我们散步了。 2) 转换特征 (1) 拼写形式保持不变； (2) 部分词汇存在重音变化，如record。 record /'rekərd/ (n.) → /rɪ'kɔ:rd/ (v.) E.g. —His new record is available on CD or as a download. (作名词)他的新专辑可以通过购买CD或者网上下载获得。 —I see. 我知道。 —You should record all your expenses during your trip. (作动词)你应该记下你旅行中的所有开支。 —Good idea! 好主意! 3) 语义特征 转换前后词义保持逻辑关联。 tea (n.茶) → × tea (v.) (无茶相关动作) → 无效转换 present (n.礼物) → present (v.提出) → 有效转换 E.g. My friend presented me a cute note book as my birthday present. 朋友送我一本可爱的笔记本当作生日礼物。 4) 口诀助记 宾语从句（I） 1) 概念 宾语是构成句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就被称为宾语从句。宾语从句在句中充当动词或介词的宾语，由引导词引入，需遵循陈述句语序，并注意时态呼应。 2）宾语从句三要素：引导词、语序、时态 （1）引导词 that引导陈述句，表示事实或观点。从属连词that无实际意义，不在从句中作任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中that可省略。 E.g. I know (that) you like skiing. 我知道你喜欢滑雪。 （2）语序 宾语从句必须使用陈述句子语序，陈述句语序就是主语在前，谓语在后。 E.g. He says that he doesn't know Miss Wang. 他说他不认识王老师。 (3) 时态 主句是现在或将来的某种时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况使用所需要的任何一种时态。 E.g. I know that he is a student. 我知道他是一名学生。 She says that she saw a movie yesterday. 她说她昨天看了一部电影。 He believes that it will rain tomorrow. 他认为明天要下雨。 You will find that this book is fun. 你会发现这本书很有趣。 注意：①that是引导宾语从句的常用词，很多时候可以省略，省略后句子意思不变。但以下情况，that不能省略。 当宾语从句前有插入语时；插入语常见的有I think、I believe、I guess、he said等。 当句子结构比较复杂且从句前面有其他成分(比如宾语补足语)隔开时； 当主句的谓语动词(比如say、tell、think等)后面有多个宾语从句时，第二个及以后的that不可省略； 为强调宾语从句本身的内容，或者为了句子结构更清晰时。 E.g. The truth is, I think, that you are right. 我觉得，事实上你是对的。 I made it clear that I didn't want to go to the party. 我明确表示我不想去参加派对。 He explained (that) the project was difficult and that he needed more time. 他解释了项目有难度，并且他需要更多时间。 I believe that practice makes perfect. 我相信熟能生巧。 ② 否定前移 当主句的谓语动词是think、believe、suppose、imagine等词，且宾语从句表达否定含义时，常把否定前移至主句的谓语部分，从句仍用肯定形式。 E.g. 正确：I don't think he will come. (否定在主句)我认为他不会来。 错误：I think he won't come. (否定在从句) 3) 总结 掌握宾语从句需牢记三要点： (1) 正确选择引导词(that); (2) 严格使用陈述句语序； (3) 注意时态选择。 语法知识点小测： 一、单词拼写。 1．They believed that kung fu ________ (make) them strong. 【答案】makes 【详解】句意：他们相信功夫能让他们变得强壮。 根据主句时态believed为一般过去时，宾语从句描述事实用一般现在时，主语kung fu是第三人称单数，空处用动词第三人称单数形式，确定填写makes；make sb.+ 形容词为常用搭配，意为“使某人……”，符合语境。 2．I think that she ________ (watch) TV now. 【答案】is watching 【详解】句意：我认为她现在正在看电视。 根据“now”可知，此处用现在进行时，其结构是：am/is/are + 现在分词； 主语she为第三人称单数，be动词用is，watch的现在分词是watching。 3．He told me that he ________ (visit) the museum last week. 【答案】visited 【详解】句意：他告诉我他上周参观了博物馆。在宾语从句中，主句told为一般过去时，从句时态保持一致，且有“last week”提示，应用一般过去时。visit的过去式是visited。 4．The teacher told us to face the difficulties ________ (brave). 【答案】bravely 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们要勇敢地面对困难。根据句子结构，空格处修饰动词短语“face the difficulties”，需要用副词形式。brave是形容词，其副词形式为bravely，表示“勇敢地”。 5．People hold the activity ________ (celebrate) the Spring Festival. 【答案】to celebrate 【详解】句意：人们举办这个活动是为了庆祝春节。此处需要用动词不定式作目的状语，表示“举办活动的目的是为了庆祝春节”。hold the activity（举办活动）是主句，to celebrate the Spring Festival（为了庆祝春节）表目的。 6．Kung Fu is a ________ (tradition) Chinese sport. 【答案】traditional 【详解】句意：功夫是一项传统的中国体育运动。结合“Chinese sport”可知，空处需用形容词修饰名词。tradition“传统”，名词，其形容词形式为traditional，意为“传统的”。故填traditional。 7．They spent three hours ________ (collect) information for the project. 【答案】collecting 【详解】句意：他们花了三个小时为这个项目收集信息。spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，所以空处用collect的动名词形式collecting。 8．We are encouraged ________ (show) our love for China. 【答案】to show 【详解】句意：我们被鼓励表达我们对中国的爱。“encourage sb. to do sth.”是固定搭配，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，此处为被动语态“sb. be encouraged to do sth.”，意为“某人被鼓励做某事”，因此需用动词不定式形式，故填to show。 9．Kangkang is a ________ ________. (天才音乐家) 【答案】 talented musician 【详解】句意：康康是一位天才音乐家。根据中文提示“天才音乐家”可知，此处需要两个英文单词：“天才的”对应talented，是形容词，修饰名词；“音乐家”对应musician，是可数名词单数。 10．It is ________ to watch the kung fu performance in the meeting. (excite) 【答案】exciting 【详解】句意：在会议上观看功夫表演是令人兴奋的。excite“使兴奋”，本句结构为“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”，意为“做某事是……的”，其中“it”是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语，因此需要用形容词作表语。excite的形容词形式有excited（感到兴奋的）和exciting（令人兴奋的），此处修饰“watch the kung fu performance”这件事，应用exciting，表示“令人兴奋的”。 二、完成句子。 1．他总是如此地勤奋，以致于他能取得好成绩。 He is always ________ hardworking ________ he can get good grades. 【答案】 so that 【详解】原句中“如此……以致于……”是关键词，英文中常用“so+形容词/副词+that从句”结构，表示“如此……以致于……”。so修饰hardworking，that引导结果状语从句。 2．你能为我展示一下如何烘焙蛋糕吗？ Can you ________ me ________ ________ make a cake? 【答案】 show how to 【详解】原句中“为我展示一下如何……”是关键词，英文中常用show sb. how to do sth.结构表示“为某人展示如何做某事”，其中show表示“展示”，Can是情态动词，故show用动词原形，how to后接动词原形表示“如何做……”。 3．北京烤鸭是最著名的中国传统美食之一。 Beijing roast duck is one of ________ ________ ________ traditional foods in China. 【答案】 the most famous 【详解】原句中“最著名的”是关键词，中文“著名的”对应英文形容词famous，因为它是多音节形容词，其最高级形式需在前面加most，且形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the。 4．The teacher says. Light travels fast. → The teacher says __________________. 【答案】that light travels fast 【详解】句意：老师说。光传播得快。改写为宾语从句时，从句部分“Light travels fast”是陈述句，变宾语从句时用that引导，that在口语或非正式文体中可省略；主句是一般现在时，从句时态不需要改变，且“光传播得快”属于客观真理，无论主句是什么时态，从句都始终用一般现在时。 5．We think. The story is very interesting. → We think __________________. 【答案】that the story is very interesting 【详解】句意：我们认为这个故事很有趣。将两个简单句合并为一个含有宾语从句的主从复合句。从句部分“The story is very interesting”是陈述句，因此用that引导，宾语从句需使用陈述语序（即“主语 + 谓语”的顺序），原句语序不变。主句“We think”是一般现在时，从句保持原有的时态（一般现在时 is）不变。故填that the story is very interesting。 6．He told me. He went to Beijing last month. → He told me __________________. 【答案】that he went to Beijing last month 【详解】句意：他跟我说过。他上个月去了北京。主句谓语动词told提示句子为一般过去时，根据“主过从必过”原则，从句需使用过去的某种时态。宾语从句的时态通常需相应后移：went变为had gone，其他保持不变。 7．She says. She will learn kung fu. → She says __________________. 【答案】that she will learn kung fu 【详解】句意：她说。她将学习功夫。从句部分（She will learn kung fu）是陈述句，因此使用连接词that引导（在宾语从句中that常可省略，但在此类句型转换填空中通常保留）。主句谓语动词says是一般现在时，从句的时态不受主句限制，保持原句的一般将来时（will learn）不变。 8．许多年前，他们靠卖牛奶谋生。 Many years ago, they________ ________ ________ by selling milk. 【答案】 made a living 【详解】本句核心短语“谋生”的英语表达是make a living。句首的时间状语“Many years ago”表明句子描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过去时。动词make的过去式是made。故填made；a；living。 9．他们沿路贩卖丝绸和中国货物。 They sold ________ and Chinese goods ________ the roads. 【答案】 silk along 【详解】原句中“丝绸”和“沿 (路)”是关键词，表示“丝绸”的单词是silk，不可数名词，直接使用原形；表示“沿着”某种路径，常用的介词是along，along the roads意为“沿路”。 10．旗袍是中国传统文化的组成部分。 The qipao is ________ of Chinese ________ ________. 【答案】 part raditional culture 【详解】原句中“……的组成部分”在英语中常用固定短语part of来表示，观察题干，of之前只有一个空格，因此填入part。“传统文化”的英文表达是traditional culture，题干中Chinese已经给出，后面的两个空格依次填入traditional；culture。 三、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．I’m proud ________ our country. A．of B．at C．in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我为我们的国家感到自豪。 of……的；at在；in在……里面。固定搭配be proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，介词of符合句意。 ( ) 2．Kung fu is a kind of traditional ________. A．food B．sport C．culture 【答案】B 【详解】句意：功夫是一种传统的运动。 food食物；sport运动；culture文化。根据常识可知，功夫是一种武术，属于体育运动项目，归类为sport最恰当。 ( ) 3．We will have a class ________ about Chinese culture. A．meeting B．cake C．photo 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们将要开一个关于中国文化的班会。 meeting会议；cake蛋糕；photo照片。根据“about Chinese culture”可知是关于中国文化的活动，class meeting意为“班会”，符合语境。 ( ) 4．We should be proud ________ our great Chinese culture. A．of B．in C．for D．at 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们应该为我们伟大的中国文化感到自豪。 of……的；in在……里；for为了；at在……点，方面。固定搭配be proud of意为“为……感到自豪”，故选用of。 ( ) 5．Many students join the kung fu club ________ they want to keep healthy. A．because B．so C．but D．before 【答案】A 【详解】句意：许多学生加入功夫俱乐部，因为他们想要保持健康。 because因为；so所以；but但是；before在……之前。“they want to keep healthy”是加入俱乐部的原因，前后句为因果关系，且空后表原因，应用because引导原因状语从句。 ( ) 6．在句子“The three businessmen chatted about the trade routes.”中，为了强调是“他们三个人”而不是别人，应该重读哪个词？ A．businessmen B．three C．chatted D．routes 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在句子“这三个商人聊了关于贸易路线的事情。”中，为了强调是“他们三个人”而不是别人，应该重读哪个词？ 在句子中，重读的目的是突出强调的信息。此处要强调“是他们三个人（而非其他人）”，核心强调点是数量词“three”，因为它限定了“businessmen”的范围，明确是“三个”商人而非其他数量或其他人。其他词（businessmen是主体名词、chatted是动作、routes是对象）均不涉及“特定人群范围”的强调。应重读three。 ( ) 7．Look! My grandmother is going to ________ the flowers in the garden. A．water B．water’s C．watering D．watered 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看！我的奶奶准备去给花园里的花浇水。 根据“is going to”可知，此处为“be going to do sth.”结构，表示计划或准备做某事，后跟动词原形，应填water。 ( ) 8．The ________ of the old house were covered with yellow ________ in autumn. A．roof; leaf B．roofs; leaves C．rooves; leafs D．rooves; leaves 【答案】B 【详解】句意：秋天，老房子的屋顶上覆盖着黄色的树叶。 第一空根据谓语动词were可知主语应用复数，roof 的复数形式直接加s为roofs；第二空表示许多树叶，leaf的复数形式需变f为v再加es为 leaves。故填roofs；leaves。 ( ) 9．I truly know ________ Chinese tea is very popular around the world. A．that B．who C．where D．whom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我确实知道中国茶在世界各地非常受欢迎。 that（连接词，无实义）；who谁；where在哪里；who谁。分析句子结构，空格后是一个成分完整的陈述句，在主句动词know后作宾语，属于宾语从句。当宾语从句是陈述句时，应用连接词that引导，that在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有实际意义。 ( ) 10．If you find your nose bleeding, you should ________ down on your nose for a moment to make a nosebleed stop. A．press B．pull C．check 【答案】A 【详解】句意：如果你发现鼻子流血，你应该按住鼻子一会儿让鼻血止住。 press按，压；pull拉，拽；check检查。根据“to make a nosebleed stop”可知，目的是让鼻血止住，结合常识应按住鼻子，固定搭配press down。 ( ) 11．Mike failed again, but he never lost confidence. That’s ________ he achieved success at last. A．what B．when C．why D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：迈克又失败了，但他从未失去信心。那就是他最后取得成功的原因。 what“什么”；when“何时”；why“为什么”；where“哪里”。前句“失败了但从未失去信心”是原因，“取得成功”是结果，固定句型“That’s why+结果”意为“那就是……的原因，那就是为什么……”，符合语境。 ( ) 12．Women wear qipao ________ it is a symbol of traditional beauty. A．so B．because C．and D．or 【答案】B 【详解】句意：女性穿旗袍，因为它是传统美的象征。 so所以；because因为；and和；or或者。根据“a symbol of traditional beauty”可知这是穿旗袍的原因，前后句是因果关系，且后句表原因，因此填写“because”。 ( ) 13．The old trader walked a long way ________ a living. A．make B．making C．to make D．made 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这位老商人走了很长的路来谋生。 make（动词原形）；making（动名词/现在分词）；to make（动词不定式，表目的）；made（动词过去式/过去分词）。句子中“走很长的路”的目的是“谋生”，需用动词不定式“to make”表目的。 ( ) 14．People perform lion dances ________ good luck. A．get B．to get C．getting D．gets 【答案】B 【详解】句意：人们表演舞狮是为了求得好运。 get（动词原形）；to get（动词不定式，表目的）；getting（动名词/现在分词）；gets（动词第三人称单数）。句子中“表演舞狮”的目的是“求得好运”，需用动词不定式“to get”表目的。 ( ) 15．People used camels ________ goods to the west long ago. A．transport B．to transport C．transporting D．transported 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很久以前人们用骆驼把货物运送到西方。 根据“People used camels…”可知，固定搭配use sth. to do sth.意为“用某物做某事”，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式。 四、完形填空 What will happen if a family goes without the internet for a month? An American family decided to 1 .  They sent an invitation (邀请) to a TV station, and asked the workers to 2 their daily life without the internet for a month. When the workers met the Smiths, they found that Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two kids were so 3 about the internet that they hardly did things together. At mealtimes, everybody 4 at the dining table for their food. “Everyone just runs into the kitchen, takes their food and then goes back to their 5 ,” Mrs. Smith explained. “If we don’t make a change, our family will become 6 to each other!” Getting back to a life without the internet is not 7 , especially when the Smiths lose themselves in it.  They have to make many changes.  For example, the two kids have to go to the school library to 8 books for their scientific projects. Mr. and Mrs. Smith need to go out shopping 9 they cannot buy things online.  As the family 10 picked up the new lifestyle, they found that they could spend more time talking over meals, playing sports and doing all kinds of activities together. ( ) 1．A．find out B．get up C．come back ( ) 2．A．change B．record C．perform ( ) 3．A．afraid B．famous C．crazy ( ) 4．A．sat B．lay C．stood ( ) 5．A．books B．screens C．bills ( ) 6．A．friends B．strangers C．classmates ( ) 7．A．sad B．difficult C．easy ( ) 8．A．borrow B．write C．steal ( ) 9．A．but B．because C．whether ( ) 10．A．suddenly B．luckily C．finally 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．C 【导语】本文讲述了史密斯一家尝试为期一个月脱离网络生活的故事，记录了他们从前沉迷网络、家庭互动极少，到告别网络后重新增进家人陪伴、收获温暖相处时光的转变过程。 1．句意：一个美国家庭决定去弄清楚这件事。 根据“What will … the internet for a month?” 提出疑问，结合语境可知，find out最符合文意。 2．句意：他们邀请了一家电视台，来记录他们为期一个月没有网络的日常生活。 根据“They sent an invitation to a TV station”表明电视台前来记录生活，因此选择record。change“改变”、perform“表演”，与逻辑不符。 3．句意：工作人员发现，史密斯夫妇和他们的两个孩子都十分沉迷网络，几乎不会一起做任何事情。 根据“they hardly did things together”可以看出一家人“沉迷”网络，互不交流，crazy about为固定搭配，符合语境。afraid“害怕的”、famous“著名的”与语境不符。 4．句意：到了吃饭的时候，所有人都会坐在餐桌前等待食物。 结合生活常识与文章语境，吃饭时人们会坐在餐桌旁，因此选择sat。 5．句意：每个人都会跑进厨房拿食物，然后回到自己的电子屏幕前。 整篇文章围绕沉迷网络展开，家人各自使用电子设备，screens意为“电子屏幕”，因此screens符合语境。 6．句意：如果我们不做出改变，我们彼此之间将会变得如同陌生人一样。 文中一家人沉迷网络、互不交流，长期如此，家人之间会变得生疏，故选strangers“陌生人”；friends“朋友”、classmates“同学”与语境不符。 7．句意：摆脱网络的生活并不轻松，尤其是对于沉迷网络已久的史密斯一家而言。 结合语境可知，长期依赖网络的人，脱离网络会十分困难，easy意为“容易的”，not easy符合句意。；sad“难过的”、difficult“困难的”与语境不符。 8．句意：例如，两个孩子必须前往学校图书馆借阅书籍，以此完成科学作业。 原文“go to the school library”表明地点为图书馆，在图书馆借阅书籍是常规行为，因此选择borrow“借阅”；write“书写”、steal“偷窃”与语境不符。 9．句意：史密斯夫妇不得不亲自出门购物，因为他们再也无法网购物品。 后半句是前半句行为的原因，句子为因果关系，故选because。 10．句意：当这一家人最终适应了全新的生活方式，他们拥有了更多一起吃饭、聊天、玩耍的时光。 文章讲述一家人慢慢适应无网络生活，最终适应新生活，因此finally符合语境。 五、短文填空 Over the past twenty years, artificial intelligence (AI) 1 (become) an important part of our daily lives. We have gained a wealth of 2 (skill) in solving daily problems with AI these days. For example, online travel has helped develop 3 (tour) a lot. Besides, AI robots are also used in hospitals to take care of patients who have been in hospital 4 a week, which makes doctors’ work much more efficient. What’s more, many students are learning how 5 (choose) proper AI tools to improve their listening skills. These tools can help them practice pronunciation and correct mistakes, which has saved much time since they 6 (start) using AI. 7 AI is very useful, we shouldn’t depend on it too much. We need to seriously think about 8 we can use the technology properly or not so that we won’t be controlled by it. Remember, technology is just 9 tool, and the key is to use it 10 (wise) so that we can live a better and smarter life. 【答案】 1．has become 2．skills 3．tourism 4．for 5．to choose 6．started 7．Although/Though 8．whether 9．a 10．wisely 【导语】本文介绍了人工智能在日常生活中的应用，同时也提醒我们要理性看待并合理使用人工智能。 1．句意：在过去二十年里，人工智能已经成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。“Over the past twenty years”是现在完成时的标志，主语“artificial intelligence”为单数，所以用has become。 2．句意：如今，我们在利用人工智能解决日常问题方面已经掌握了大量的技能。“a wealth of”意为“大量的”，后接可数名词的复数形式skills。 3．句意：例如，在线旅游极大地促进了旅游业的发展。“tour”意为“旅行、观光”，是具体的活动，本题表达的是发展“旅游业”，是抽象的行业、产业概念，所以用tourism。 4．句意：此外，人工智能机器人也在医院用来照顾住院一周的病人，这大大提高了医生的工作效率。横线前面的“who have been”提示本句为现在完成时，再结合“a week”可知，应填for，构成“for+一段时间”的固定搭配，符合完成时的用法。 5．句意：更重要的是，许多学生正在学习如何选择合适的人工智能工具来提高听力技能。“how to do sth.”为固定结构，表示“如何做某事”，所以用不定式。 6．句意：这些工具能帮他们练习发音、纠正错误，自从用了人工智能，他们节省了许多时间。since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，start的过去式是stated。 7．句意：虽然人工智能很有用，但我们不能太依赖它。“有用”和“不能太依赖”之间是转折让步关系，可用“although”或“though”引导，横线处位于句首，首字母需大写。 8．句意：我们需要认真思考我们是否能正确使用这项技术，以免被它控制。根据“or not”可知，此处为固定搭配“whether…or not”，表示“是否”。 9．句意：记住，技术只是一种工具，关键是要明智地使用它，这样我们才能过上更好、更智能的生活。“tool”是可数名词单数，泛指“一种工具”，且是辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。 10．句意：记住，技术只是一种工具，关键是要明智地使用它，这样我们才能过上更好、更智能的生活。修饰动词“use”，要用“wise”的副词形式wisely。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $