新仁爱版八下 Unit9 单元知识梳理【趣味课堂】英语新教材仁爱科普版八年级下册

新仁爱八下 Unit9 Forces of Nature单元知识梳理（背诵+讲解版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. Water in a flood runs much faster than usual and takes away everything in its way. 洪水的速度比平时快得多，会冲走沿途的一切。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） 1) flood, 名词，意为“洪水；水灾”。 E.g. A big flood hit the area last year. 去年，一场严重的洪水袭击了这个地方。 拓展：① flood的其他词性及用法 fleed 名词 动词 还可意为“大批；大量(的人或事物)” flood of 大量的 （使）灌满水；淹没 in flood （河水）上涨；泛滥 泛滥；淹没 in floods of tears 泪如雨下 蜂拥而入；大量涌入 E.g. She asked me a flood of questions. (作名词) 她问了我许多问题。 The river is in flood. 河水泛滥。 The child was in floods of tears. 这个小孩哭得泪人似的。 The whole town was flooded after the heavy rain. (作动词) 大雨之后，整个城镇都被淹没了。 The river flooded the valley. 河水泛滥淹没了河谷。 ② flood作动词时的相关短语 flood sth. with sth. 将某物大量送至某地；使……充满…… flood back/over (感觉或回忆)涌上心头；涌现 E.g. The morning sun flooded the room with a gentle light. 柔和的晨光洒满房间。 When I saw her, the happy time flooded over me. 当我看到她，快乐的时光涌现在我的脑海。 2) faster, 在此处是副词 fast的比较级形式，意为“更快”, 修饰动词 runs。 E.g. Tom walks faster than me. 汤姆比我走得快。 3) usual, 形容词，意为“通常的；寻常的”。 E.g. This is the usual way of doing it. 通常都是这么做的。 拓展：① as usual意为“照例；像往常一样；照旧”。 E.g. He arrived at school early as usual. 和往常一样，他很早就到校了。 ② usual的相关单词 usual adj. “通常的；寻常的”→ usually adv. “通常地；正常地；一般地” → unusual adj. “特别的；不寻常的；罕见的”→ unusually adv. “(置于形容词前，用于强调)特别地，极，非常”。 4）take away sth.意为“带走，拿走；使消失”。 E.g. Don't take the child away from her mother. 不要把孩子从她妈妈身边带走。 拓展：take away还可意为“（从餐馆买饭荣等）带回食用；买外卖食物”。 E.g. Fish and chips to take away, please. 炸鱼和薯条，带走，谢谢。 5）in one's/the way意为“妨碍；挡着…的路”。 E.g. You have to move you're in my way. 你得挪一挪，你挡了我的路。 归纳：way的相关短语 in a….way以……的方式 on the/one's way (to).… 在去……的路上 by the way顺便提一下 in this/that way 用这/那种方法 all the way一路上；自始至终 E.g. She met an old friend on the/her way to school. 她在上学的路上遇到了一个老朋友。 We can get there earlier in this way. 用这种方法我们可以早点到那里。 She didn't speak a word to me all the way back home. 在回家的路上，她没有对我说过一句话。 【即时练习】1) AI technology in China has developed ____B____ than anyone expected. A. fast B. faster C. the faster D. fastest 2) My father ____usually____ (usual) gets up at 6 o’clock in the morning. 3) Please take away your feet from the table. ( C ) A. put B. bring C. remove 4) —Guess! Who did I meet ____C____ home? Sally, one of my classmates ten years ago. —Really? That’s amazing. ________, don’t stand ________ of the door—people need to pass through. A. in the way; By the way, on the way B. on the way; In the way; by the way C. on the way; By the way, in the way D. in the way; On the way; by the way 2. A sudden rise of temperature is a heatwave and the temperature in the central area always rises the fastest. 温度骤升即为热浪，而中心区域的温度总是上升得最快。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） 1) sudden, 形容词，意为“突然的”。 E.g. The news of his sudden death came as a shock. 他突然去世的消息令人极为震惊。 拓展：all of a sudden意为“突然；忽然；骤然；猛地”,相当于suddenly。 E.g. All of a sudden, I found my keys had been lost. 突然间，我发现我的钥匙丢了。 2)第一个rise在句中作名词，意为“上升；上涨”; 第二个rise在句中作不及物动词，意为“升起；上升”。rise的过去式为rose。 E.g. The rise of meat prices makes people worried. (作名词) 肉价的上涨让人们很担心。 The river water rose by 5 meters. (作动词) 河水上升了5米。 【即时练习】I was sleeping in my room, ____suddenly_____(sudden), somebody made a big noise and woke me up. 3. In a typhoon, strong wind mixes with heavy rainfall. It hits everything harder by the sea than elsewhere. 在台风中，强风与暴雨混合在一起。它对海边的一切的打击比其他地方更大。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） 1) mix, 动词，意为“(使)混合，掺和，融合”。 mix with sth.意为“与……混合”。 E.g. Oil and water don't mix. 油和水不相融。 Salt can mix with water. 盐可以溶于水中。 拓展：mix A and/with B意为“把A和B相混合”。 E.g. I don't like to mix business with friendship. 我不想将生意与友谊混在一起。 2) hit, 动词，意为“产生不良影响；打击；危害”, 其过去式为hit。 E.g. A tornado hit on Tuesday night. 星期二晚上发生了一次龙卷风。 拓展： hit作动词时的其他意思 (用手或器具)击，打/袭击/击(球)/达到(某水平) E.g. She was angry because her father hit her on the face. 她很生气因为她爸爸打了她一巴掌。 A hurricane hit the area this morning. 今天早上飓风袭击了这个地区。 He hit the ball and ran to first base. 他击球后跑向一垒。 The temperature hit 40℃ yesterday. 昨天气温高达40℃。 【即时练习】1） “不要把油和水混合在一起，它们不相融。” Don’t ___mix___ oil ___with___ water, because they don’t __mix____. 2） The typhoon ___A___ the coastal area last night, and the wind ______ 180 kilometers per hour. A. hit; hit B. hits; hit C. hit; hits D. hits; hits 4. Along with a snowstorm, strong wind blows and heavy snow falls. 伴随着暴风雪，狂风呼啸，大雪纷飞。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） blow, 动词，意为“吹；刮”, 其过去式为blew。 E.g. You are not blowing hard. 你没有用劲吹。 拓展：①blow的相关短语 blow out 被(风等)吹灭；熄灭 blow over刮倒；吹倒 E.g. Someone opened the door and the candle was blown out. 有人开门，蜡烛就被吹灭了。 The young tree blew over in the storm. 这棵小树在暴风雨中被刮倒了。 ②blow的相关单词 blower, 名词，意为“吹风机，鼓风机”。 blowy=windy, 形容词，意为“刮风的，风大的”。 E.g. You can dry your hair with the blower .你可以用吹风机把头发吹干。 —It is blowy. Put on your coat when you go out. 在刮风，外出时穿上外套。 —OK, Mom. 好的，妈妈。 【即时练习】The boy ____blew_____(blow) out the candles after he made a wish. 5. A wildfire can burn down everything in the forest. To prevent the disaster, we should always keep fire away from the forest. 野火可以烧毁森林里的一切。为了防止灾难，我们应该让火远离森林。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） 1) burn, 动词，意为“燃烧；烧；着火”, 其过去式为burnt/burned。 burn down意为“(使)烧毁；(被)焚烧”。 E.g. Fires were burning all over the city. 全城到处燃烧着大火。 People burn coal to keep warm in winter. 在冬天，人们烧煤取暖。 The house was burnt down in 2000. 这所房子在2000年被烧毁了。 2) prevent, 动词，意为“阻止；阻碍；阻挠”。 E.g. We should take action to prevent pollution. 我们应该采取行动阻止污染。 拓展：① prevent sb.(from) doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”, 可与stop/keep sb. from doing sth.互换。 E.g. The heavy rain may prevent us (from) going out tomorrow. 这场大雨可能阻止我们明天外出。 ② prevent的名词形式为prevention, 意为“预防；防止；防范”。 E.g. The speech is about the prevention of diseases. 这个讲座是关于疾病的预防。 3) keep.….away from.. 意为“使……远离……”。 E.g. We should keep children away from fire. 我们应当让孩子远离火。 链接：keep away from sb./sth. 远离……;勿靠近…… away from (距离上) 离……远 stay away from 离开，不接近(某人);不去(某处) E.g. We should keep away from smoking and drinking. 我们应该远离烟酒。 My home is 2 kilometers away from my school. 我家离学校2千米远。 You should stay away from that girl. 你应该远离那个女孩。 【即时练习】1）去年一场大火烧毁了三栋老房子。（完成译句） A big fire ___burnt/burned___ ___down___ three old houses last year. 2) To protect the forest, we should take action to ___A___ wildfires ______ happening. A. prevent; from B. keep; away C. burn; down D. stop; to 6. Early warnings can help reduce harm and loss of life. 提前预警有助于减少危害和生命损失。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） reduce, 动词，意为“减少，缩小；降低”。 E.g. Look at the sign. You should reduce the speed now. 看那个标志，你现在应当减速了。 拓展：reduce的常见短语 reduce to...降低到…… reduce by..降低了·…… reduce from….to….从……降到…… E.g. The skirt was reduced to 80 yuan in the big sale. 在大促销期间，这条裙子降到80元。 The price of the skirt was reduced by 50%. 这条裙子的价格降低了50%。 The number of the students in the school was reduced from 1,000 to 600. 这所学校的学生数量从1000降到了600。 【即时练习】这家工厂的工人数量从800人降到了500人。 The number of workers in the factory was ___reduced___ from 800 ___to___ 500. 7. The G81 high-speed train from Beijing West to Shenzhen North is stuck in Shijiazhuang. 从北京西到深圳北的G81次高铁被困在石家庄。 (教材P39 Activity 2） stuck, 形容词，意为“陷(入);困(于);无法移动”。 be stuck in...意为“被困于……;陷入……”, 也可表述为get stuck in。 E.g. We were stuck in traffic for over an hour. 我们堵车堵了一个多小时。 The passengers are stuck in the train because of snowstorm. 因为暴风雪，乘客被困在火车上。 【即时练习】1） 昨天因为大雾，我们被困在机场三个小时。 We were stuck in the airport for three hours because of the heavy fog yesterday. 2) — Why did you miss the concert last night? — Because my car ___B___ in a traffic jam on the way. A. gets stuck B. got stuck C. was sticking D. stuck 8. Station: prepare free food and water and offer help to those in need. 车站：准备免费的食物和水，并为有需要的人提供帮助。 (教材P39 Activity 2） 1) those, 指示代词，意为“那些”, 指较远的那些人或事，是that的复数形式。 E.g. These people are from Beijing. Those are from Tianjin. 这些人来自北京，那些人来自天津。 拓展：those 还可用于比较的句子中，指代上文已经提及的复数名词，以避免重复。 E.g. My flowers are more beautiful than those in the park. 我的花比公园里的那些更漂亮。 2) in need意为“需要帮助的；(食物或金钱的)短缺；困窘”。 E.g. —We must care for those in need. 我们必须关心那些需要帮助的人。 —You're right. 你说得对。 Friends in need are friends in deed. 患难见真情。 【即时练习】1） The apples in this basket are fresher than ___D___ in that basket. A. this B. that C. these D. those 2) 我们应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。 We should try our best to help ___those in need___. Function 1. Last week, a hurricane swept through Cuba and hit the southern United States. 上周，一场飓风横扫古巴并袭击了美国南部。 (教材P40 Activity 3） sweep through意为“横扫；席卷；(在……)迅速传播”。 E.g. The storm swept through the coastal city last night. 昨晚暴风雨横扫了这座海滨小城。 The news soon swept through the school. 这个消息很快传遍了整个学校。 【即时练习】一场森林大火迅速席卷了这座山的南部地区。 A forest fire quickly __swept through__ the southern part of the mountain. 2. The hurricane nearly broke his house into pieces. 飓风几乎把他的房子夷为平地。 (教材P40 Activity 3） break…into pieces 意为“把……撕成碎片”。 E.g. He broke the book into pieces. 他把书撕成了碎片。 拓展：break 的相关短语 break down (机器或车辆)出故障；坏掉；使分解(为); 使变化(成) break into sth. 强行闯入；撬开(汽车等) break out (战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始；爆发 break through 突破；有新的重大发现 break up 解散；粉碎；结束 E.g. My car broke down on the way home yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午，我的车在回家路上坏了。 A thief broke into my house and stole my money last night. 一个小偷昨晚闯入我家，偷走了我的钱。 A fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生火灾。 —Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家们认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中有所突破。 —That's great. 那太好了。 The team broke up last year. 这支队伍去年解散了。 【即时练习】大风把那个旧木屋撕成了碎片。 The strong wind ___broke___ the old wooden house ___into___ ___pieces___. 3. His left leg got hurt and bled badly. 他的左腿受伤了，流血严重。 (教材P40 Activity 3） get hurt意为“受伤”, 也可表述为be hurt。此时hurt在这里作形容词，意为“(身体上)受伤的”。 E.g. He fell from the tree and his head got/was hurt. 他从树上摔下来，头受伤了。 【即时练习】在事故中，他的右腿受伤了。 His right leg ___got hurt__ in the accident. 4. Natural disasters are becoming worse and worse because of climate change, and l fear more are yet to come. 由于气候变化，自然灾害变得越来越严重，我担心还会有更多的灾害发生。 (教材P40 Activity 3） 1) worse and worse意为“越来越严重，越来越糟糕”, 其中worse是bad和badly的比较级。 E.g. The environment here is worse and worse because villagers cut down trees. 因为村民们砍树，这里的环境越来越糟糕。 2) fear, 动词，意为“担心；害怕；畏惧；惧怕”。 —Why did you get up so early this morning? 你今天早上为什么起床那么早? —Because I feared that I will miss the early bus. 因为我害怕会错过早班车。 归纳：fear的常见用法 fear sb./sth. 害怕/担心某人/某事 fear doing sth./to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事 fear+(that)从句 担心…… E.g. I fear snakes, so I fear to go through the forest. 我怕蛇，所以我不敢穿越森林。 Scientists fear that robots would cause some workers to lose their jobs. 科学家们担心机器人会让一些工人失业。 拓展：fear还可作名词，意为“害怕；惧怕”。常用短语： in fear (of/for sb./sth.) 担心……; 处于(对……的)恐惧中；以免…… be full of fear充满恐惧 no fear (表示决不愿做某事)绝不，当然不 E.g. They spoke quietly in fear of waking the baby up. 他们悄悄讲话，以免吵醒小孩。 After the war broke out, people were too full of fear to leave their houses. 战争爆发后，人们惊恐万分，一步也不敢踏出家门。 —Are you climbing with us? 你要和我们去爬山吗? —No fear. 不去。 【即时练习】由于空气污染，这座城市的环境变得越来越糟糕。 Because of air pollution, the environment in this city is getting __worse and worse__. Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. The umbrella was broken. 伞被弄破了。 (教材P42 Activity 2） broken是break的过去分词，意为“(使)破，裂，碎”。英语中“be+动词过去分词”构成被动语态的基本结构。be broken意为“被弄坏了”, 因动作发生在过去，所以be动词用其过去式。 E.g. My toy was broken by my brother yesterday. 昨天我的玩具被我弟弟弄坏了。 【即时练习】 The window _____D____ by Tom yesterday. A. breaks B. broke C. is broken D. was broken 2. Floods are one of the most common types of natural disasters and can be very harmful. 洪水是最常见的自然灾害之一，破坏力极强。 (教材P42 Activity 2） harmful, 形容词，意为“(尤指对健康或环境)有害的，导致损害的”。 E.g. She knows the harmful effects of smoking. 她知道吸烟的害处。 拓展：be harmful to sb./sth. 意为“对……有害”, 可与do harm to 互换。 E.g. —As we all know, smoking is harmful to health. 众所周知，吸烟对健康有害。 —Yes. We should say no to smoking. 是的。我们应该拒绝吸烟。 链接：harm，动词/名词，意为“危害”。 E.g. —Smoking harms your health. (作动词) 吸烟有害健康。 —I see. 我明白。 Smoking does harm to your health.（作名词）吸烟有害健康。 拓展：harm的相关单词 harm v./n. → adj. harmful意为“(尤指对健康或环境)有害的，导致损害的”。 → adv. harmfully意为“有害地”。→ adj. harmless意为“无害的”。→ adv. harmlessly意为“未造成伤害”。 【即时练习】Too much plastic waste can ___A___ the environment. A. be harmful to B. be good for C. be interested in D. be afraid of 3. In big floods, people die in great numbers, and many more lose their homes. 在大洪水中，人们大量死亡，更多人则无家可归。 (教材P42 Activity 2） in great numbers意为“大量地，数量众多地”, 强调数量非常多。 E.g. Tourists come to the beautiful coastal city in great numbers every summer. 每年夏天大量的游客来到这个美丽的海滨城市。 拓展：a number of+可数名词复数，意为“数个”。 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 the number of+可数名词复数，意为“……的数量”。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 E.g. A great number of students are interested in science. 很多学生对科学感兴趣。 The number of students is dropping year by year. 学生数量正在逐年下降。 【即时练习】There are ____A____ students on the playground. ________ the students is one hundred. A. a number of; The number of B. the number of; The number of C. the number of; A number of D. a number of; A number of 4. However, the effects of floods are not always bad. For example, floods can fill up underground waterways and lead water to dry lands, wells and springs. 然而，洪水的影响并非全是负面的。例如，洪水会填满地下水道，将水引到干旱的土地、水井和泉眼。 (教材P42 Activity 2） fill up意为“(使)填满，装满；充满”。 E.g. I need to fill up the car. 我得给车加满油。 链接：fill的相关短语 fill….with... 用……装满…… be filled with充满，装满；被……填满 fill (oneself) up (with/on) 用……填饱肚子 E.g. To save time, I filled myself up with bread. 为了节省时间，我用面包填饱了肚子。 【即时练习】Her eyes ____filled____ (fill) up with tears when she heard the news. 5. Everyone in my family is busy making preparations. 我们家的每个人都在忙着做准备。 (教材P43 Activity 2） be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。 E.g. We were busy preparing for a test while you were traveling. 当你们在旅行时，我们正忙着准备考试。 链接：be busy with sth. 意为“忙于某事”。 E.g. My mother is busy with housework after work. 下班之后，我妈妈忙于家务。 【即时练习】A group of students are busy ____D____ creating the scenery and sets for the school play. A. work on B. to work on C. to working on D. working on 6. When mom goes to buy cooked food and clean water from the nearby supermarket, dad is checking the house in and out. 当妈妈去附近超市买熟食和纯净水时，爸爸在里里外外检查房屋。 (教材P43 Activity 2） cooked food意为“熟食”。其中cooked是cook的过去分词，在此处作前置定语，修饰名词 food。 注意：在英语中动词与所修饰的名词是被动关系或强调动作已经完成时，可用过去分词作定语。 E.g. There are fallen leaves on the ground in fall. 秋天地上到处是落叶。 拓展：过去分词短语作定语时常作后置定语。 E.g. He has a sister called Julia. 他有个妹妹叫茱莉娅。 【即时练习】The novel ____B___ “The Little Prince” has been translated into over 300 languages worldwide. A. calling B. called C. calls D. to call 7. He repairs the broken door and fixes all the windows with glue and tape. 他用胶水和胶带修理破损的门，并固定了所有的窗户。 (教材P43 Activity 2） glue, 名词，意为“胶；胶水”。 E.g. We need some glue and scissors to make some birthday cards. 我们需要些胶水和剪刀做些生日卡片 拓展：glue还可作动词，意为“（用胶水）黏合，粘牢，粘贴”。 E.g. —Check that you have glued everything in place properly. 检查是否每一样东西都粘牢了。 —OK, Mr. Li. 好的，李老师 【即时练习】I have ___D___ glue. Here it is. A. one B. any C. a D. some 8. My brother moves the flowers and other things indoors, and I put the flashlights within our reach. 我哥哥把花和其他东西搬到室内，我把手电筒放在够得着的地方。 (教材P43 Activity 2） within, 介词，意为“在(某范围)之内”。 E.g. He put the book within my reach. 他把书放在我够得着的地方。 拓展：within的其他意思 within 不出(某段距离);在(某段距离)之间/在(某段时间)之内 E.g. The hospital is within a kilometer of my home. 医院离我家不到一千米的距离。 You should receive a reply within seven days. 你会在七天之内收到答复。 【即时练习】The nearest underground station is within walking distance. (对划线部分提问) __How far___ is the nearest underground station? Theme Reading 1. Earthquakes happen all the time around the world. 全球各地经常发生地震。 (教材P44 Activity 2） all the time意为“经常；总是；一直”。 E.g. —He helps others all the time. 他经常帮助其他人。 —How kind he is! 他多么善良啊! 归纳：time的相关短语 time 名词短语 at times 有时；间或 from time to time偶尔 in no time立刻；马上；一会儿 in time及时 on time准时；及时 once upon a time从前 for the first time第一次 动词短语 save time节约时间 waste time浪费时间 take your time慢慢来；别急 【即时练习】累了就该平躺休息，而不是一直玩手机。 You should lie down to rest when tired, instead of playing with your phone all the time. 2. To begin with, you must know where to hide. 首先，你必须知道藏在哪里。 (教材P44 Activity 2） 1) to begin with意为“首先”, 用于引出首先想说的、最重要的内容。 E.g. —To begin with, we should decide on a topic to talk about. 首先，我们要选定一个谈话主题。 —You're right. 你说得对。 2) where to hide意为“躲到哪儿”, 是“疑问词+不定式”构成的复合结构，在句中作宾语。 E.g. —Could you tell me how to learn English well? 你能告诉我怎样学好英语吗? —Of course. 当然可以。 【即时练习】1) —To begin with, I didn’t want to join the team, but I’m glad I did. ( B ) — It turned out to be a great experience, right? A. Later on B. At first C. By accident D. As usual 2) If you want to go anywhere, you just need to tell the app Apollo Go (萝卜快跑) or Baidu Map ___B_____ and ________. A. where are you; where to go B. where you are; where to go C. where you are; where going 3. In this way, you can keep off danger more easily. 这样，可以更有效地避险。 (教材P44 Activity 2） 1) keep off sth./sb. 意为“使……不接近(或不接触、远离)某物/某人”。 E.g. Keep off the grass. 请勿践踏草地。 2) danger,名词，意为“危险；危害”。 注意：danger作名词时常作不可数名词。 E.g. We should keep away from danger when traveling. 旅行时我们应当远离危险。 拓展：danger的相关短语 in (great) danger 处于(极大的)危险之中 out of danger 脱离危险 E.g. The monkey is in danger now. 这只猴子正处于危险之中。 The doctor says her mother is out of danger. 医生说她妈妈脱离了危险。 链接：dangerous, 形容词，意为“有危险的；引起危险的”。 E.g. Riding without helmets is dangerous. 骑车不戴头盔是危险的。 【即时练习】1）____B____ on the grass. The sign says “keep off”. A. Not walk B. Don’t walk C. Doesn’t walk D. Not walking 2）Many animals are in ____danger____ (dangerous) because of the loss of their habitats. 4. No one expects to experience an earthquake, but no one knows whether they will have the bad luck. 没有人期望经历地震，但谁也无法预知自己是否会不幸碰上。 (教材P44 Activity 2） whether, 连词，意为“是否”, 后常接宾语从句，有时可与if互换。 E.g. I wonder whether there will be a rainstorm. 我想知道是否会有暴风雨。 注意：whether不能与if互换的情况： ①与or not 连用时，不能用if替换。 ②用于不定式之前，不能用if替换。 ③用作介词宾语时，不能用if替换。 ④引导主语从句放于句首时，不能用if替换。 E.g. He is not sure whether or not he will go to the movies. 他不确定是否要去看电影。 We can't decide whether to buy the house. 我们不能决定是否要买这所房子。 I’m thinking about whether she will agree. 我正在考虑她是否会同意。 Whether he will come is not sure. 他是否会来还不确定。 【即时练习】—I wonder ____A____ you will join us to see the new movie Film 731 tomorrow. —________ I’m free, I’ll go with you. A. whether, If B. if, Whether C. that, If 【详解】句意：——我想知道你明天是否和我们一起去看新电影《731》。—如果我有空，我就和你一起去。 考查连词辨析。whether是否，可引导宾语从句；if是否，如果，可以引导宾语从句或条件状语从句；that那个，引导宾语从句时，无实际意义。第一句话为宾语从句，根据“wonder”可知，此处想询问是否会去看电影《731》，第一个空用whether或if；第二句话，根据“I'mfree”和“I'llgowithyou”可知，有空是去看电影的条件，用IF引导条件状语从句，第二个空填If。故选A。 5. It's dangerous to walk alone in the woods at night. 夜间独自在树林里行走很危险。 (教材P45 Activity 4） in the woods意为“在树林里”。此时wood在这里作名词，意为“树林；林地”, 常用作复数。 E.g. We'll clean up the woods at the back of the school tomorrow. 明天我们将要清理学校后面的那片小树林。 —OK, Mrs. Wang. 好的，王老师。 链接：wood还可作可数名词或不可数名词，意为“木材；木料；木头；木柴”。 E.g. —The house is made of wood. 这所房子是用木头建的。 —I see. 我知道。 【即时练习】在黔南，一些古朴的村寨依山而建，房屋隐于树林之中。 Some ancient villages are built on mountains, with houses hidden in the woods in Qiannan. Grammar in Use 1. A thunderstorm is a storm with thunder and lightning. 雷暴是指有雷声和闪电的暴风雨。(教材P46 Activity 1） with,介词，意为“有；带有；具有”,表示某人或某物带有某种特征。 E.g. Look at the boy with glasses. He is my brother. 看戴眼镜的那个男孩。他是我弟弟。 注意：with引导的介词短语作定语要置于所修饰词的后面。 E.g. I have a house with a garden. 我有一所带花园的房子。 拓展：with的其他用法 with: 意为“与……一起”。/意为“用……”,表示使用某种工具、手段或方法等。/ 引导伴随状语，意为“随着……;伴着……”。 E.g. She lives with her parents. 她和父母住一起。 He is writing with an ink brush. 他正在用毛笔写字。 —Lingling likes sleeping with the windows open. 玲玲喜欢开着窗户睡觉。 —Me, too. 我也是。 【即时练习】大家好！我很高兴与大家分享我的学习经历。 Hi, everyone! I’m very glad to share my learning experiences with you. 2. People should take action in time to fight against sandstorms. 人们应及时采取行动防治沙尘暴。 (教材P46 Activity 3） 1) take action (to do sth.) 意为“采取行动(做某事)”。此时action在这里作不可数名词，意为“行动；行为过程”。 E.g. —Don't talk—take action to make a change. 不要光说——要采取行动做出改变。 —OK. 好的。 2) fight against意为“与……作斗争；反对；打击”。此时 against在这里作介词，意为“反对；与……相反”。 E.g. —We should fight against school bullying. 我们应当与校园霸凌作斗争。 —You are right. 你说得对。 We are against cutting down too many trees. 我们反对过度伐木。 【即时练习】1) We need to take action ____D____ the environment before it’s too late. A. protect B. protecting C. protected D. to protect 2) 我们应该足够勇敢，能与坏人做斗争. We should be brave enough to fight against the bad people. 3. We can perform best in sports shoes. 穿运动鞋会让我们表现得最好。 (教材P47 Activity 1） perform, 动词，意为“工作；运转(好/不好); 表演；履行”。 E.g. Our team peformed very well in hte final. 我们队在决赛中表现得非常好。 I plan to perform a dance in the art festival. 我打算在艺术节表演舞蹈。 A computer can perform many tasks at once. 电脑能同时执行多项任务。 拓展： perform的相关单词 perform v.“表演；履行”→ performance n.“表演；演出” → performer n. “表演者；演出者；演员” E.g. —The performance starts at 7 o'clock this evening. 演出在今天晚上7点开始。 —OK. 好的。 These performers are from Henan. 这些演员来自河南。 【即时练习】The guests clapped politely when the __performer__ finished her wonderful __performance_. (perform) 4. Nearly everything there was gone. 那儿的一切几乎都消失了。(教材P47 Activity 3） gone是go的过去分词形式，在此处用作形容词，意为“消失了；不复存在”。 E.g. —Many forests were gone because people cut down the trees. 因为人们的砍伐，许多森林消失了。 —What a pity! 太可惜了! 【即时练习】在水面以下超过152米处，日光几乎完全消失。 At more than 152 metres below the surface of the water,   the daylight is almost gone. 5. It is a terribly painful experience for me and I still can't get over it. 这对我来说是一个可怕的痛苦的经历，我仍然无法克服它。(教材P47 Activity 3） get over意为“克服；解决；控制”。 E.g. —She can't get over her shyness. 她无法克服羞怯心理。 —Let's help her. 让我们帮助她吧。 拓展： get over的其他用法 get over sth./sb. 从疾病(或震惊、断绝关系等)中恢复常态。 get sth. over (to sb.) 向(某人)讲清某事；让(某人)明白某事。 E.g. I hope you can get over soon. 我希望你能尽快恢复健康。 He didn't get his meaning over to us. 他没有向我们讲清他的意思。 【即时练习】She tried ____B____ her fear and sang in front of the class. A. get over B. to get over C. getting over D. got over Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. Limit your outdoor activities at the hottest time of the day. 在一天中最热的时候限制你的户外活动。(教材48 Activity 1 B） 1) limit, 动词，意为“限制；限定”。 E.g. I limit my spending to 20 yuan a day. 我把我的消费限制在每天20元。 拓展：limit还可作名词，意为“限度；限制；(地区或地方的)境界，界限，范围”。 E.g. She knows the limits of her power. 她知道自己的权限。 2) outdoor, 形容词，意为“户外的；室外的”。 E.g. —We take part in all kinds of outdoor activities at school. 我们在学校参加各种各样的课外活动。 —Sounds good. 听起来不错。 链接：outdoors, 副词，意为“在户外；在野外”。 E.g. —I like staying outdoors on summer evenings. 在夏天的夜晚，我喜欢待在户外。 —Me, too. 我也是。 【即时练习】1) What does the sign on the right tell drivers to do? ( A ) A. To limit the speed. B. To drive quickly. C. To avoid the heavy traffic. D. To pay attention to trucks. 2) 做户外活动既有趣又令人放松。 Doing outdoor activities is fun and relaxing. 2. There was a huge noise of thunder ahead, and wind began to blow harder and harder. 前面传来震耳欲聋的雷声，风也开始越刮越猛。 (教材P49 Activity 2） ahead, 副词，意为“在前面，(时间、空间)向前；提前；预先”。 E.g. —I'll run ahead and tell them the news. 我将跑到前面并告诉他们这个消息。 —OK. 好的。 拓展：ahead的相关用法 ahead of意为“(时间、空间)在……前面；早于；领先”。 go ahead意为“请吧，去吧，做吧”等，常用于回答别人的请求。 E.g. The two boys were ahead of us. 这两个男孩在我们前面。 The meeting was held ahead of time. 会议提前了。 —May I begin? 我可以开始了吗? —Yes, go ahead. 好，开始吧。 【即时练习】— Would you mind my using your pen? —Of course not. ____C____. A. It doesn’t matter B. I’d love to C. Go ahead D. That’s all right 3. I stayed away from big trees and rode along a direct passage to the nearest store. 我远离大树，沿着一条直通最近商店的通道骑行。(教材P49 Activity 2） passage, 名词，意为“通道；走廊”。 E.g. —The passage leads to the hall. 这条走廊通往大礼堂。 —Thank you. 谢谢。 拓展：passage还可意为“文章；段落”。 E.g. —Read the passage and answer the questions below. 阅读文章并回答后面的问题。 —OK. 好的。 【即时练习】阅读文章中的句子，总结语法规则。 Read the sentences from the reading passage and summarise the grammar rules. 4. The rain started pouring down right after I got inside. 我一进去，(外面)就下起了倾盆大雨。 (教材P49 Activity 2） pour, 动词，意为“(雨)倾盆而下；下大雨”。 pour down意为“大雨倾盆而下”。 E.g. The rain is pouring (down). 正下着倾盆大雨。 拓展：①有关“下大雨”的表述还有： 下大雨：pour with rain/pour (down) rain/rain cats and dogs E.g. It's pouring with rain. = It's pouring (down) rain. 正在下大雨。 ② pour还可意为“使(液体)连续流出；倾倒；倒出”。 常用短语： pour...into... 把……倒入……里 pour...out把……倒出 E.g. —Don't pour waste water into the river. 不要把废水倒入河里。 —Sorry, I won't. 抱歉，我不会了。 —Please pour the milk out. 请把牛奶倒出来。 —OK. 好的。 【即时练习】The rain ____is pouring____ (pour) down heavily, and we had better stay indoors. 5. Finally, the rain stopped and the sky cleared up. 最后，雨停了，天空放晴了。(教材P49 Activity 2） clear up意为“(天气)转晴；放晴；变晴朗”。此时clear在这里作动词，意为“变明朗；转晴；放晴”。 E.g. —I hope it will clear up this afternoon. 我希望今天下午天气会放晴。 —I hope so. 我也希望如此。 拓展：clear up的其他意思 clear up 使整洁；清理/(疾病、感染)痊愈；消失/解决；解答；解释 E.g. All of us should clean up your room on time. 我们所有人应该按时清理房间。 Have your cold cleared up? 你的感冒好了吗? Our problem was cleared up with his help. 在他的帮助下，我们的问题解决了。 【即时练习】After the storm, the sky ____cleared____ (clear) up and the sun came out. 6. When I stepped out of the store and saw a few large trees fall on the cars, my face turned pale with fear. 当我走出商店，看到几棵大树砸在汽车上时，我吓得脸色发白。(教材P49 Activity 2） 1) step out of意为“从……走出来”。 E.g. He stepped out of the classroom and found his father waiting for him. 他走出教室，发现他爸爸正等着他。 2) pale,形容词，意为“苍白的；灰白的”。turn pale意为“变得苍白”。此时turn在这里作动词，意为“(使)变成；成为”, 强调主语的状态从一种变为另一种。 E.g. —You look pale. Are you OK? 你看起来脸色苍白，你还好吗? —I have a very bad headache. 我头很痛。 The weather has turned cold. 天气变得寒冷了。 拓展：go/grow pale也可意为“变得苍白”。 E.g. His face went/grew pale when he heard the bad news. 当他听到那个坏消息时，他的脸色变得苍白。 【即时练习】1) It began to rain when he ____stepped____ (step) out of the building. 2) He looked ____pale____ (pale) because he didn’t eat anything for a whole day. Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. Add more to the safety tips 增加更多的安全提示 (教材P51 Activity 1） add to..意为“增加；增添；把…加入……"。 E.g. —Do you need to add more salt to the soup? 汤里面还需再加点盐吗？ —No. 不需要。 拓展：add的相关短语 add sth. in 把……加进去；包括 add to sth. 使（数量）增加；使（规模）扩大 add up to sth. 总共是；总计为 E.g. — Remember to add in the cost of drinks. 记住把饮料费加进去。 —OK. 好的。 —The bad weather added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。 —Yes. 是的。 My spending adds up to 1,000 yuan every month. 我每月的花销总计达1000元。 【即时练习】Don’t forget to ____B____ some sugar ________ the coffee. A. add; in B. add; to C. add; up D. add; on 2. Natural disasters harm the environment, break down houses, and even cause deaths in large numbers. 自然灾害会破坏环境，摧毁家园，甚至造成大量死亡。(教材P52 Activity 1） break down sth. 意为“打倒，砸破(某物)”, 还可表述为break sth. down。 E.g. Firemen had to break down the door to save people inside. 消防员不得不把门砸开去救里面的人。 注意：break down是“动词+副词”结构的短语，其用法如下： break down+名词=break+名词+down break+代词+down E.g. Close the door slightly or you'll break it down. 关门时轻点，否则你会把它砸坏。 拓展：break down的其他用法及意思 sth. break down(机器或车辆)出故障；坏掉/失败/(尤指在公共场合)禁不住哭出来 break sth. down / break down sth. 消除，驱除(人与人之间的隔阂等)/使……分解/拆分，把……分成若干部分(以方便做或理解) E.g. What was worse, my car broke down yesterday afternoon. 更糟糕的是，我的车昨天下午出故障了。 The talks between England and America broke down. 英美谈判失败了。 He broke down and cried. 他情绪崩溃，哭了出来。 It takes a long time to break down prejudices. 消除偏见需要很长时间。 Food is broken down in the stomach. 食物在胃里分解。 —The question can be broken down into two parts. 这个问题可以被分为两个部分。 —I know. 我知道。 【即时练习】1）What do you think we can do if the car____B____ , on the way to the mountain? A. is broken down B. breaks down C. broke down D. broken down 2）I think the washing machine breaks down. ( D ) A. breaks up B. knocks down C. goes on D. goes wrong 3. Human activities can bring about natural disasters. 人类活动可能引起自然灾害。 (教材P52 Activity 1） bring about sth. 意为“引起；导致”。还可表述为bring sth. about。 E.g. —What brought about the change? = What brought the change about? 是什么导致了这种变化? —Sorry, I don't know. 抱歉，我不知道。 归纳：bring的相关短语 bring sb. sth. / bring sth. to sb. 给某人带来某物 bing sb./sth. to sp. 把某人/某物带到某地 E.g. My mom brought me some books this morning. = My mom brought some books to me this morning. 我妈妈今天上午给我带来了一些书。 —Don't bring cellphones to school.不要把手机带到学校来。 —OK. 好的。 【即时练习】— I’m sorry I ___C___ my homework at home, Mr. Liu. — Don’t forget ______ it to school tomorrow, please. A. left; to take B. forgot; to take C. left; to bring D. forgot; to bring 4. The burning of coal can lead to global warming. 燃烧煤炭会导致全球变暖。(教材P52 Activity 1） lead to (doing) sth. 意为“导致；造成(后果)”, 可与result in互换。 E.g. Practicing every day leads to improving your English a lot. 每天练习会让你的英语提高很多。 拓展：lead的相关短语 lead to sp. 通往(某处) lead sb. to + sp. 带/引领某人去某处 lead sb. (to sth.) 使得出观点；引导(某人) lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 lead a(n)...life 过……的生活 E.g. The road leads to the seaside. 这条路通向海边。 —I can lead you to the hall. 我可以带你去礼堂。 —OK. Thank you. 好的，谢谢。 —What led you to this conclusion? 你是如何得出这个结论的? —By analyzing the data. 通过数据分析。 His being late led us to miss the train. 他的迟到导致我们错过了火车。 Finally, they led a happy life. 最后，他们过上了幸福的生活。 【即时练习】1）Be careful! Your carelessness ____D_____ the failure of the task. A. led to B. leads to C. has led to D. will lead to 2）Progress in technology leads to much easier travel and communication. (改为同义句) Progress in technology __results in__ much easier travel and communication. 5. Everything went even more terribly worse after we ran out of food and water in the superstorm. 在超级风暴中，我们耗尽了食物和水之后，一切都变得更加糟糕。 (教材P53 Activity 3） run out of...意为“用完，耗尽(供应品)”。主语通常是人。 E. g. I've run out of my pocket money. 我的零花钱已经用完了。 拓展：① "run out of+地点”, 意为“从某地跑出来”。 E.g. The dog ran out of the room. 狗从房间里跑出来了。 ② run out还可作不及物动词短语，后不接宾语；意为“用完；耗尽”, 主语通常是物。 E.g. The oil in the area will run out in 50 years. 五十年以后，这儿的石油将用完。 【即时练习】—His money ____C____. He asked his mother for some. —He’s just a teenager. He shouldn’t ________ money to buy something useless. A. ran out of; run out B. run out; run out of C. ran out; run out of 6. To fight against natural disasters, the better we prepare ourselves, the more easily things will turn out. 为了与自然灾害作斗争，我们准备得越充分，事态就会越容易控制。(教材P53 Activity 3） 1) “the+副词比较级，the+副词比较级”, 这种结构表示一方的程度随着另一方程度的变化而变化，意为“越……,(就)越……”。 E.g. —The harder you work, the better you'll learn. 你越努力，学得就越好。 —I see. 我知道。 2) turn out (to be)+adj./adv., 意为“结果……; ……地发展(或发生)”。 E.g. —Despite our worries everything turned out well. 尽管我们都很担心，结果一切都顺利。 —That's great. 那太好了。 You never know how your children will turn out. 很难说你的孩子将发展成什么样子。 拓展：turn out的其他意思及用法 turn out原来是；证明是；结果是/出席(某项活动);在场/向外；朝外 turn sb./sth. out 制造；生产；培养出 turn sth. out/turn out sth. 关掉(灯或热源) turn sb.out (of/from sth.) 赶走；逐出；撵走 E.g. It turned out that she was a friend of my sister's. 她原来是我姐姐的朋友。 He turned out at the end of the meeting yesterday. 昨天会议要结束的时候，他来了。 Her toes turn out. 她的脚趾向外撇。 The factory turns out 90,000 cars every year. 这家工厂每年生产九万辆车。 Remember to turn out the light when leaving. 记得离开时把灯关了。 My father always turns me out of his study when he reads. 我爸爸阅读时总把我赶出书房。 【即时练习】1) The more actively we take part in class discussions, the ____D____ we will improve our spoken English. A. quick B. quicker C. quickly D. more quickly 2) 我希望一切最终都会顺利。 I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end. 7. First, one should know that it is normal to experience such feelings after a disaster. 首先，人们应该知道，灾后产生这些情绪是正常反应。(教材P53 Activity 4） normal, 形容词，意为“正常的；典型的；一般的”。 "It is normal (for sb.) to do sth.”, 意为“做某事(对某人来说)是正常的”, 此时it在句中作形式主语，不定式才是真正的主语。 E.g. Her temperature is normal. 她的体温正常。 —It is normal to feel tired after such a long walk. 走了这么久的路，觉得累是正常的。 —You're right. 你说得对。 【即时练习】在许多亚洲国家，人们用筷子吃饭是很平常的事。         In many Asian countries, it’s normal for people to eat with chopsticks. 8. If none of these methods works, you’d better trun to a doctor. 如果这些方法都无效，你最好寻求医生的帮助。(教材P53 Activity 4） none, 不定代词，意为“没有一个；毫无”。 常见用法如下： 单词 用法 谓语动词 none 指代可数名词复数 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。 指代不可数名词 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 E.g. I borrowed three books from the library, but none is/are interesting. 我从图书馆借了三本书，但没有一本是有趣的。 I wanted to buy some bread, but none was left when I got to the shop. 我想买一些面包，但当我到达商店时，什么也没剩下了。 辨析：none和no one none和no one都是不定代词，都表示“三者或三者以上没有一个”,两者用法区别如下表： 不定代词 none no one 含义 “没有一个”, 既可指人也可以指物。 “没有人”, 只能指人，不能指物。 是否与of连用 常与of连用。 不能与of连用。 句法功能 作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 回答的问句 否定回答以How much/How many开头的疑问句。 否定回答以Who开头的疑问句。 E.g. None of the answers is/are right. 没有一个答案正确。 —No one likes working on weekends. 没人喜欢周末上班。 —Yes.是的。 —How many people were late for the meeting? 有多少人开会迟到? —None. 一个也没有。 —Who was late for the meeting? 谁开会迟到了? —No one. 没人。 【即时练习】1） —____A____ eggs are there in the fridge? —None. Let’s buy some. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long 2）None of the students ___C_____ late for class yesterday. A. is B. are C. was D. have been 单元语法 复合词 1） 概念 复合词(Compound words)是由两个或更多独立单词组合而成的新词。 E.g. tooth(牙齿)+brush(刷子)→toothbrush(牙刷) waste(废弃的)+paper(纸)→wastepaper(废纸) 2) 复合词的构成规则 规则 例词 直接合并 (无连字符) note(笔记)+book(本子)→notebook(笔记本) rain(雨)+coat(外套)→raincoat(雨衣) black(黑色的)+board(木板)→blackboard(黑板) white(白色的)+board(木板)→whiteboard(白板) green(绿色)+house(房子)→greenhouse(温室效应) rain(雨)+bow(弓)→rainbow(彩虹) 用连字符连接 south(南)+-+east(东)→south-east(东南) Twenty(二十)+ - +one(一)→twenty-one(二十一) paper(纸)+thin(薄的)→paper-thin(薄如纸的) 分开书写但意义相连 post(邮政)+office(办公室)→post office(邮局) ice(冰)+cream(奶油)→ice cream(冰激凌) junk(无价值的东西)+food(食物)→junk food(垃圾食品) 副词的比较级和最高级 1) 概念 副词比较级和最高级用于比较动作或状态的程度。 E.g. Kangkang runs faster than I do. WangJunfeng runs (the) fastest. 康康跑得比我快。王俊峰跑得最快。 Lingling does homework more carefully than I do. Xiao Ya does homework (the) most carefully. 玲玲做作业比我细心。肖雅做作业最细心。 2) 副词比较级和最高级构成规则 (1) 规则变化 规则 单音节副词和部分双音节副词 部分以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词(形容词加-ly构成的副词除外) 双音节及以上的副词 比较级 一般在后面加上-er 将“-y”改为“-i”, 再加上-er 在副词前面加上more 最高级 一般在后加上-est 将“-y”改为“-i”, 再加上-est 在副词前面加上(the) most 例词 原级 fast(快) early(早) quickly(快) 比较级 faster(更快) earlier(更早) more quickly(更快) 例词 最高级 fastest(最快) earliest(最早) the most quickly(最快) (2) 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther(指距离) farthest(指距离) further(指距离或抽象概念) furthest(指距离或抽象概念) 注意 ① 形容词加-ly构成的双音节副词通常在比较级前面加more, 在最高级前面加(the)most。如： slowly(慢)→more slowly(更慢)→(the) most slowly(最慢); ② often的比较级和最高级有两种：often(经常)→oftener/more often(更频繁)→(the) oftenest/(the) most often(最频繁); ③ 副词最高级前面的the可省略。 3) 用法 级别 用法 比较级 两者比较(常与than连用)。 最高级 三者及以上比较(常加比较范围)。 E.g. My parents get up earlier than me. 我的父母起床比我早。 My grandparents get up (the) earliest in my family. 在我家，我的祖父母起床最早。 4) 比较等级的用法 类别 用法 比较级 副词比较级+than 意为“……比……更……”, 表示一方超过或不如另一方。 比较级+and+比较级 越来越…… more and more+多音节副词原级 the+比较级+(主谓), the+比较级+(主谓) 意为“越……(就),越……“”表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。 最高级 (the+)副词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句 常用in/of短语表示范围；in指同一地域或空间，of指同一类事物范围。 E.g. She cooks better and better. 她饭做得越来越好。 He plays the piano more and more beautifully. 他钢琴弹得越来越动听。 The more we know each other, the better we understand each other. 我们越是相互了解，就越能彼此理解。 注意：比较级形式表示最高级意义 比较级+than + any other+可数名词单数 the other+可数名词复数 any of the other+可数名词复数 anything/anybody else E.g. He runs farther than any other student in class. = He runs farther than the other students in class. = He runs farther than any of the other students in class. = He runs farther than anybody else in class. 他比班上任何一个学生跑得都远。 5) 副词比较等级的修饰语 类别 修饰语 比较级 much……得多 a lot很 a little/bit有点 by far更，……得多 even甚至，更 still还要，更 a great deal大大地 最高级 much……得多 almost几乎 nearly几乎 by far/far and away最，很 the+序数词 第几 E.g. Xiao Ya plays the guitar much better than me. 肖雅的吉他弹得比我的好多了。 He plays basketball almost the best in our school. 他几乎是我们学校篮球打得最好的。 语法知识点小测： 一、单词拼写。 1．The strong wind ________ (blow) the umbrella into pieces just now. 【答案】blew 【详解】句意：刚才大风把雨伞吹成了碎片。所给词blow是动词，在句中作谓语。句中时间状语just now意为“刚才”，说明动作发生在过去，需要使用一般过去时，blow的过去式为不规则变化，形式是blew。 2．The more you practice, the ________ (good) you will write. 【答案】better 【详解】句意：你练习得越多，你写得就会越好。“the + 比较..., the + 比较级...”的固定句型，意为“越……，就越……”。good的比较级是better。 3．It’s important ________ (learn) some good writing habits. 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：学习一些好的写作习惯是很重要的。此处是结构It’s adj. to do sth.“做某事是……的”，It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式结构，此处应用动词不定式to learn。 4．She sings ________ (well) in our class. 【答案】the best 【详解】句意：她在我们班唱得最好。well“好地”，为副词。根据“in our class”可知，在班级范围内进行比较，应用最高级形式，且最高级前加定冠词the。well的最高级为best，故填the best。 5．He runs ________ (fast) than his sister. 【答案】faster 【详解】句意：他跑得比他妹妹快。根据“than”提示，此处应用副词比较级形式。fast的比较级是faster。 6．Xia Feng checks the windows ________ (carefully) of all. 【答案】most carefully 【详解】句意：所有人中，夏峰检查窗户最仔细。句尾的of all表示“在所有当中”，说明是三者及以上的比较范围，需要用最高级；carefully是多音节副词，多音节副词变最高级要在词前加the most，副词的最高级前the可以省略，即most carefully。 7．Harmful insects may spread ________ (die) diseases after floods. 【答案】deadly 【详解】句意：洪水过后，有害昆虫可能传播致命的疾病。die是动词，意为 “死亡”，此处需要形容词修饰名词diseases，deadly是die的形容词形式，意为“致命的”，符合语境。故填deadly。 8．The strong wind ________ (break) the umbrella. 【答案】broke 【详解】句意：强风把伞吹破了。break“（使）破，裂”，描述发生过的事，时态用一般过去时，此处用动词过去式broke。 9．It is ________ (normally) to experience such feelings after a disaster. 【答案】normal 【详解】句意：在灾难之后经历这样的感受是正常的。normally“正常地”，句中“It is”后接形容词作表语，normally的形容词形式是normal，意为“正常的”。 10．Global warming can cause longer and more ________ (seriously) heatwaves. 【答案】serious 【详解】句意：全球变暖会引发持续更久、更严重的热浪。括号里seriously是副词，此处修饰名词heatwaves“热浪”要用形容词；seriously形容词为serious。 并列结构“longer and more+形容词原级”，more serious构成比较级。 二、完成句子。 1．She gets up early. (用in her family改写) She gets up ________ ________ in her family. 【答案】 the earliest 【详解】句意：她起得很早。原句为一般现在时，用“in her family”表示比较范围，需改为最高级形式，副词early的最高级为earliest，最高级前面加定冠词the。 2．This book is more useful than that one. (同义句) That book is ________ useful ________ this one. 【答案】 less than 【详解】句意：这本书比那本书更有用。原句中“more useful than”是关键词，表明是在对两本书的实用性进行比较，且用的是比较级形式。改为同义句时，需要表达出相反的比较关系，即“那本书不如这本书有用”，因此应使用“less useful than”这一结构，其中“less”是“little”的比较级，用于修饰形容词“useful”，表示“不如……有用”，“than”用于引出比较的对象。 3．参加学校的安全培训可以帮助你将知识付诸实践。 Taking part in the safety ________ at school can help you put your knowledge into ________. 【答案】 training practice 【详解】原句中“培训”和“实践”是关键词，表示“培训”的单词是training；表示“将……付诸实践”的固定短语是“put...into practice”。本句中safety为名词作定语，修饰名词training；into为介词，后接名词practice。 4．如果你在室内，躲在结实的桌子下面并抓住桌腿。 If you are ________, hide ________ a strong desk and hang on to its legs. 【答案】 indoors under 【详解】原句中“在室内”“在……下面”是关键词，表示“在室内”的单词是“indoors”，表示“在……下面”的单词是“under”。 5．雷暴是一种伴有雷电的暴风雨。 A ________ is a storm with ________ and lightning. 【答案】 thunderstorm thunder 【详解】原句中“雷暴”和“雷”是关键词，表示“雷暴”的单词是thunderstorm；表示“雷”的单词是 thunder。本句中“A”后接可数名词单数thunderstorm作主语；with为介词，后接名词thunder与lightning并列。 6．如果这些方法都不起作用，你最好去看医生。 If ________ of these methods works, you’d better ________ to a doctor. 【答案】 none turn 【详解】原句中“都不”和“去”是关键词，表示“（三者及以上）都不”用none，none of these methods表示“这些方法都不”；you’d better后接动词原形，“去看医生”的固定表达是turn to a doctor。 7．燃烧煤炭会导致全球变暖。 The burning of coal can ________ to global ________. 【答案】 lead warming 【详解】原句中“导致”和“变暖”是关键词，表示“导致”的固定短语是lead to，本句中情态动词can后接动词原形；“全球变暖”的固定表达是global warming。 8．人类活动可能引发自然灾害。 Human ________ can ________ about natural disasters. 【答案】 activities bring 【详解】原句中“活动”和“引发”是关键词，表示“活动”的名词是activity，此处用名词复数activities泛指人类各种活动；表示“引发”的动词短语是bring about。can为情态动词，后接动词原形bring。 9．当我走出商店，看到几棵大树倒在汽车上时，我的脸吓得苍白。 When I __________ out of the store and saw a few large trees fall on the cars, my face turned _________ with __________. 【答案】 stepped pale fear 【详解】原句中“走出”是第一个关键词，“走出”对应的英文表达是“step out of”，“step”的过去式为“stepped”，表示过去发生的动作；第二个关键词是“苍白”，“苍白”常见的英文表达是“pale”，在句中作表语，描述脸的状态；第三个关键词是“吓得”，“吓得”这里表示因为恐惧而出现某种状态，用“with fear”来表示伴随的恐惧状态。 10．如果你不小心，你可能会在冰上受伤。 You may ________ ________ on the ice if you are not careful. 【答案】 get hurt 【详解】原句中“受伤”是关键词，表示“受伤”的动词短语是get hurt。情态动词may后接动词原形。 三、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．This story is ________ interesting than that one. A．much B．more C．most D．many 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个故事比那个故事更有趣。 much许多；more更；most最；many许多。“than”表明此处应用比较级，interesting是多音节形容词，其比较级需在前面加more。 ( ) 2．You should drive ________ when it snows. A．slow B．slowly C．slower D．slowest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下雪时你应该慢慢地开车。 slow慢的；slowly慢慢地；slower更慢；slowest最慢。空格处修饰动词drive，应用副词slowly。 ( ) 3．The rain is becoming ________. A．heavy and heavy B．heavier and heavier C．more heavy D．most heavy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：雨变得越来越大了。 根据语境：考查形容词比较级的用法。表示“越来越……”应用“比较级 + and + 比较级”结构。heavy是以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，变比较级需改y为i加er，即heavier。 ( ) 4．He does his homework ________ than before. A．carefully B．more carefully C．most carefully D．careful 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他做作业比以前更认真了。 carefully认真地（副词原级）；more carefully更认真地（副词比较级）；most carefully最认真地（副词最高级）；careful认真的（形容词）。根据题干“than before”可知，比较级标志词than，应用副词的比较级形式修饰动词does，应填more carefully。 ( ) 5．You should speak ________ in the library. A．quiet B．quietly C．more quiet D．quieter 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你在图书馆应该轻声说话。 quiet安静的；quietly安静地；quieter更安静的。根据“speak”可知，此处需要用副词修饰动词，表示“轻声说话”，应填quietly。 ( ) 6．It’s raining ________. We have to stay at home. A．heavy B．heavily C．heavier D．more heavy 【答案】B 【详解】句意：雨下得很大。我们不得不待在家里。 heavy重的，形容词；heavily猛烈地，副词；heavier更重的，形容词比较级；more heavy形式错误。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰动词raining，需用副词作状语，表示“雨下得大”，应填副词heavily。 ( ) 7．My arm is ________ because I fell off the bike this morning. A．crying B．bleeding C．sleeping D．walking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的手臂在流血，因为我今天早上从自行车上摔下来了。 crying哭；bleeding流血；sleeping睡觉；walking走路。根据“because I fell off the bike this morning”可知发生了意外受伤，手臂受伤会流血，应填bleeding。 ( ) 8．The ________ snowstorm stopped all the traffic in the city. A．light B．heavy C．thin D．small 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那场大暴风雪使城里所有的交通都瘫痪了。 light轻微的；heavy重的，猛烈的；thin薄的；small小的。根据“stopped all the traffic”可知暴风雪很严重，修饰雨、雪、风暴等程度常用heavy。 ( ) 9．When I stepped out, my face turned pale ________ fear. A．with B．in C．from 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我走出去时，我的脸因恐惧而变得苍白。 with表原因，意为“因为、由于”，后常接情绪类名词；in在……里面；from来自，从。with fear是固定搭配，意为“由于恐惧；害怕地”，用来描述脸色苍白的原因。应填with。 ( ) 10．It rained hard this morning, but ________ of my classmates were late for school. A．none B．neither C．all 【答案】A 【详解】句意：今天早上雨下得很大，但是我的同学没有一个上学迟到。 none没有一个；neither两者都不；all全部。根据“but”可知前后句意转折，雨大通常易迟到，此处表示没有迟到；且“classmates”指多位同学，应用三者及以上的否定，排除neither。 ( ) 11．The hurricane nearly broke his house ________ pieces. A．in B．into C．to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：飓风几乎把他的房子吹得粉碎。 in在……里面；into进入；to到。break sth into pieces意为“把某物弄成碎片”，固定搭配。应填into。 ( ) 12．Last week, a hurricane swept ________ Cuba and hit the southern United States. A．through B．across C．over 【答案】A 【详解】句意：上周，一场飓风席卷了古巴并袭击了美国南部。 through穿过，表示从物体内部穿过；across穿过，表示从物体表面横穿；over穿越，表示在物体上方越过，不与物体接触。根据“a hurricane swept…Cuba”可知，飓风席卷古巴，是从古巴这个区域内部经过，应填through。 ( ) 13．—I heard a strong wind ________ against the windows hard last night. —Luckily, it didn’t break anything. A．blowing B．blew C．to blow D．blow 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我昨晚听到强风猛烈地吹打窗户。——幸运的是，它没有损坏任何东西。 hear sth/sb doing sth，表示听到动作正在进行；hear sth/sb do sth，表示听到动作的全过程。本题描述的是昨晚狂风吹打窗户的完整事件，强调说话人听到了整个过程，因此用动词原形blow符合语法和语境要求。 ( ) 14．The firemen tried their best to ________ the wildfire from spreading to the nearby village. A．prevent B．protect C．prepare D．provide 【答案】A 【详解】句意：消防员们尽全力阻止野火蔓延到附近的村庄。 prevent阻止；protect保护；prepare准备；provide提供。根据“the wildfire from spreading to the nearby village”可知，此处表达 “阻止野火蔓延” 的含义，prevent...from doing是固定搭配，意为 “阻止……做某事”，符合语境，应填prevent。 ( ) 15．A sudden rise in temperature means a ________ is coming and we need to stay cool. A．snowstorm B．heatwave C．typhoon D．flood 【答案】B 【详解】句意：气温突然升高意味着热浪要来了，我们需要保持凉爽。 snowstorm暴风雪；heatwave热浪；typhoon台风；flood洪水。根据“A sudden rise of temperature”以及“stay cool”可知，此处指高温天气即将到来，应填heatwave。 ( ) 16．—Why do we need to stay calm in a natural disaster? —Because panic will make it harder for us to ________ danger. A．keep off B．keep on C．keep up D．keep in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在自然灾害中我们为什么需要保持冷静呢？——因为恐慌会让我们更难避开危险。 keep off意为“避开；不接近”；keep on表示“继续；坚持”；keep up有“保持；继续；不落后”的意思；keep in意为“隐瞒；抑制；把……关在里面”。根据语境，恐慌会让我们更难避开危险，所以这里应选keep off。 ( ) 17．When you are indoors in an earthquake, hide under a strong desk and hang on ________ its legs. A．in B．to C．on D．at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当地震发生时，如果你在室内，你应该躲在一张结实的桌子下面，抓住桌腿。 hang on to意为“紧紧抓住；依附”，这里表示发生地震在室内时，躲在坚固的桌子下并紧紧抓住桌腿。所以此处应选介词to。 ( ) 18．Students need to take part in safety training at school to ________ their knowledge into practice. A．put B．turn C．change D．make 【答案】A 【详解】句意：学生需要参加学校的安全训练，把他们的知识付诸实践。 put放；turn转变；change改变；make制作。根据固定搭配“put...into practice”意为“将……付诸实践”，符合句意，应填put。 ( ) 19．The heavy rain caused a big ________ and many people lost their homes. A．flood B．typhoon C．earthquake D．wildfire 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这场大雨引发了一场大洪水，许多人失去了家园。 flood洪水；typhoon台风；earthquake地震；wildfire野火。根据句中“heavy rain”这一关键信息，大雨会引发洪水，而台风、地震、野火都不是由大雨直接导致的，因此应填flood。        ( ) 20．We should ________ an emergency kit at home to prepare for unexpected natural disasters. A．buy B．sell C．prepare D．take 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们应该在家准备一个应急工具包，以应对突发的自然灾害。 buy购买；sell卖；prepare准备；take拿走。根据“to prepare for unexpected natural disasters”可知，准备应急工具包是为了应对自然灾害，所以此处强调“准备”这一动作，应填prepare。 四、完形填空 Earthquakes are one of the most dangerous natural disasters in the world. They can happen suddenly and bring great 1 to people’s lives and property. So it’s very important for us to know how to keep safe during an earthquake. If you are indoors when an earthquake starts, don’t panic. 2 , hide under a strong desk or table. You need to hang on to its legs and protect your head with your hands. You can also sit in the 3 of the room because these places are usually safer. Never try to run out of the building when the ground is shaking hard, and never take the lift, because the lift may stop working at any time. If you are outdoors, find an 4 place as soon as possible. Stay away from tall buildings, trees, power lines and bridges. These things may fall down and hurt you. After the strong shaking stops, don’t move around right away. There may be some 5 , which are also very dangerous. You need to wait for a while and make sure it’s safe to move. Besides, we should always be 6 for earthquakes. We can 7 an emergency kit at home. It should include enough food and water, a flashlight, a knife, a strong rope and some other useful things. As students, we must take part in safety 8 at school. It can help us put our safety knowledge into 9 . No one wants to experience an earthquake, but we never know when it will come. The more we know about earthquake safety, the higher the chance we have to 10 when a disaster happens. ( ) 1．A．happiness B．harm C．luck D．hope ( ) 2．A．Instead B．However C．Still D．Also ( ) 3．A．middle B．front C．corner D．back ( ) 4．A．empty B．open C．closed D．small ( ) 5．A．storms B．floods C．aftershocks D．typhoons ( ) 6．A．ready B．late C．sorry D．happy ( ) 7．A．buy B．prepare C．find D．make ( ) 8．A．games B．lessons C．training D．activities ( ) 9．A．mind B．practice C．use D．heart ( ) 10．A．survive B．die C．hurt D．fall 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文详细介绍了地震这种危险自然灾害的相关知识，重点讲解了室内、室外不同场景下的地震逃生与自救方法，以及震前准备、震后注意事项，强调了掌握地震安全知识对提高生存几率的重要性。 1．句意：地震是世界上最危险的自然灾害之一，它们会突然发生，给人们的生命和财产带来巨大的损害。 根据前文“dangerous natural disasters”，地震会造成危害，应选harm（损害）。happiness（幸福）、luck（运气）、hope（希望）均不符合语境，排除。 2．句意：如果地震发生时你在室内，不要惊慌。相反，要躲在坚固的桌子或书桌下。 根据前后句的逻辑关系，前文说“不要惊慌”，后文给出正确做法，是转折替代关系，应选Instead（相反）。However（然而，表转折但需逗号隔开）、Still（仍然）、Also（也）均不符合语境，排除。 3．句意：你也可以坐在墙角，因为这些地方通常更安全。 根据地震逃生常识，墙角是室内相对安全的位置，应选corner（角落）。middle（中间）、front（前面）、back（后面）均不符合安全常识，排除 4．句意：如果你在室外，尽快找一个开阔的地方。 根据后文“Stay away from tall buildings, trees, power lines and bridges”，要远离危险建筑，需选择开阔无遮挡的区域，应选open（开阔的）。empty（空的）、closed（封闭的）、small（小的）均不符合语境，排除。 5．句意：强烈的震动停止后，不要立刻四处走动。可能会有一些余震，这也非常危险。 根据地震常识，主震后会发生余震，应选aftershocks（余震）。storms（风暴）、floods（洪水）、typhoons（台风）均不符合语境，排除。 6．句意：此外，我们应该时刻为地震做好准备。 根据后文准备应急包的内容，是震前的准备工作，固定搭配be ready for（为……做好准备），应选ready（准备好的）。late（晚的）、sorry（抱歉的）、happy（开心的）均不符合语境，排除。 7．句意：我们可以在家里准备一个应急包。 根据后文应急包包含的物品，是提前准备物资，应选prepare（准备）。buy（买）、find（找到）、make（制作）均不如prepare贴合“提前准备”的语境，排除。 8．句意：作为学生，我们必须参加学校的安全培训。 根据后文学习安全知识的目的，是通过培训掌握技能，应选training（培训）。games（游戏）、lessons（课程）、activities（活动）均不如training贴合“安全技能培训”的语境，排除。 9．句意：它可以帮助我们把安全知识付诸实践。 根据固定搭配put...into practice（把……付诸实践），应选practice（实践）。mind（头脑）、use（使用）、heart（心）均不符合固定搭配，排除。 10．句意：我们对地震安全了解得越多，灾难发生时我们生存的几率就越高。 根据全文地震自救的主题，最终目的是在灾难中生存，应选survive（生存）。die（死亡）、hurt（受伤）、fall（跌倒）均不符合语境，排除。 五、短文填空 Natural disasters harm the environment, break down houses, and even cause deaths 1 large numbers. A heatwave can kill fish and sea plants, so people have 2 (little) seafood. Human activities can bring 3 natural disasters. The burning of coal can lead 4 global warming. Global warming can cause longer and more serious heatwaves and more serious rainstorms. We should try 5 (we) best to prevent natural disasters. We should also learn how to protect 6 (we) in natural disasters. After a disaster, some people may not be physically hurt 7 might feel sad, scared or helpless. It is important to find ways to deal 8 these feelings. First, one should know that it is normal to experience such feelings after a disaster. Allow yourself 9 (feel) and accept these feelings. Second, try to share your feelings with your parents. You will feel better after 10 (talk) with them. 【答案】 1．in 2．less 3．about 4．to 5．our 6．ourselves 7．but 8．with 9．to feel 10．talking 【导语】本文主要介绍了自然灾害的危害、人类活动对自然灾害的影响，点明了预防灾害、保护自身的重要性，并给出了灾后应对不良情绪的可行建议。 1．句意：自然灾害会破坏环境、损毁房屋，甚至造成大量人员死亡。固定搭配in large numbers表示“大量地”，符合“造成大量死亡”的语境。 2．句意：热浪会杀死鱼类和海洋植物，因此人们能获得的海鲜也更少了。热浪杀死海洋生物后，人们拥有的海鲜比之前更少，用little的比较级less。 3．句意：人类活动会引发自然灾害。固定搭配bring about表示“引发，带来”，此处指人类活动引发自然灾害，符合语境。 4．句意：燃烧煤炭会导致全球变暖。固定搭配lead to表示“导致”，符合“燃煤会导致全球变暖”的句意。 5．句意：我们应该尽最大努力预防自然灾害。固定搭配try one’s best表示“尽某人最大努力”，用we的形容词性物主代词our。 6．句意：我们也应该学会如何在自然灾害中保护我们自己。此处表示“保护我们自己”，用we的反身代词ourselves。 7．句意：灾害过后，一些人可能身体没有受伤，但可能会感到悲伤、恐惧或无助。空前“一些人身体没有受伤”和空后“会感到悲伤恐惧”是转折关系，用转折连词but。 8．句意：找到处理这些情绪的方法十分重要。固定搭配deal with表示“处理”，此处指处理不良情绪，符合语境。 9．句意：允许自己感受并接纳这些情绪。固定搭配allow sb to do sth表示“允许某人做某事”，故填to feel。 10．句意：和他们交谈之后你会感觉好很多。after是介词，介词后接动名词形式，故填talking。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 新仁爱八下 Unit9 Forces of Nature单元知识梳理（练习版） Preparing for the Topic Listening & Speaking 1. Water in a flood runs much faster than usual and takes away everything in its way. 洪水的速度比平时快得多，会冲走沿途的一切。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） 1) flood, 名词，意为“洪水；水灾”。 E.g. A big flood hit the area last year. 去年，一场严重的洪水袭击了这个地方。 拓展：① flood的其他词性及用法 fleed 名词 动词 还可意为“大批；大量(的人或事物)” flood of 大量的 （使）灌满水；淹没 in flood （河水）上涨；泛滥 泛滥；淹没 in floods of tears 泪如雨下 蜂拥而入；大量涌入 E.g. She asked me a flood of questions. (作名词) 她问了我许多问题。 The river is in flood. 河水泛滥。 The child was in floods of tears. 这个小孩哭得泪人似的。 The whole town was flooded after the heavy rain. (作动词) 大雨之后，整个城镇都被淹没了。 The river flooded the valley. 河水泛滥淹没了河谷。 ② flood作动词时的相关短语 flood sth. with sth. 将某物大量送至某地；使……充满…… flood back/over (感觉或回忆)涌上心头；涌现 E.g. The morning sun flooded the room with a gentle light. 柔和的晨光洒满房间。 When I saw her, the happy time flooded over me. 当我看到她，快乐的时光涌现在我的脑海。 2) faster, 在此处是副词 fast的比较级形式，意为“更快”, 修饰动词 runs。 E.g. Tom walks faster than me. 汤姆比我走得快。 3) usual, 形容词，意为“通常的；寻常的”。 E.g. This is the usual way of doing it. 通常都是这么做的。 拓展：① as usual意为“照例；像往常一样；照旧”。 E.g. He arrived at school early as usual. 和往常一样，他很早就到校了。 ② usual的相关单词 usual adj. “通常的；寻常的”→ usually adv. “通常地；正常地；一般地” → unusual adj. “特别的；不寻常的；罕见的”→ unusually adv. “(置于形容词前，用于强调)特别地，极，非常”。 4）take away sth.意为“带走，拿走；使消失”。 E.g. Don't take the child away from her mother. 不要把孩子从她妈妈身边带走。 拓展：take away还可意为“（从餐馆买饭荣等）带回食用；买外卖食物”。 E.g. Fish and chips to take away, please. 炸鱼和薯条，带走，谢谢。 5）in one's/the way意为“妨碍；挡着…的路”。 E.g. You have to move you're in my way. 你得挪一挪，你挡了我的路。 归纳：way的相关短语 in a….way以……的方式 on the/one's way (to).… 在去……的路上 by the way顺便提一下 in this/that way 用这/那种方法 all the way一路上；自始至终 E.g. She met an old friend on the/her way to school. 她在上学的路上遇到了一个老朋友。 We can get there earlier in this way. 用这种方法我们可以早点到那里。 She didn't speak a word to me all the way back home. 在回家的路上，她没有对我说过一句话。 【即时练习】1) AI technology in China has developed _________ than anyone expected. A. fast B. faster C. the faster D. fastest 2) My father __________ (usual) gets up at 6 o’clock in the morning. 3) Please take away your feet from the table. ( ) A. put B. bring C. remove 4) —Guess! Who did I meet _________ home? Sally, one of my classmates ten years ago. —Really? That’s amazing. ________, don’t stand ________ of the door—people need to pass through. A. in the way; By the way, on the way B. on the way; In the way; by the way C. on the way; By the way, in the way D. in the way; On the way; by the way 2. A sudden rise of temperature is a heatwave and the temperature in the central area always rises the fastest. 温度骤升即为热浪，而中心区域的温度总是上升得最快。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） 1) sudden, 形容词，意为“突然的”。 E.g. The news of his sudden death came as a shock. 他突然去世的消息令人极为震惊。 拓展：all of a sudden意为“突然；忽然；骤然；猛地”,相当于suddenly。 E.g. All of a sudden, I found my keys had been lost. 突然间，我发现我的钥匙丢了。 2)第一个rise在句中作名词，意为“上升；上涨”; 第二个rise在句中作不及物动词，意为“升起；上升”。rise的过去式为rose。 E.g. The rise of meat prices makes people worried. (作名词) 肉价的上涨让人们很担心。 The river water rose by 5 meters. (作动词) 河水上升了5米。 【即时练习】I was sleeping in my room, ___________(sudden), somebody made a big noise and woke me up. 3. In a typhoon, strong wind mixes with heavy rainfall. It hits everything harder by the sea than elsewhere. 在台风中，强风与暴雨混合在一起。它对海边的一切的打击比其他地方更大。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） 1) mix, 动词，意为“(使)混合，掺和，融合”。 mix with sth.意为“与……混合”。 E.g. Oil and water don't mix. 油和水不相融。 Salt can mix with water. 盐可以溶于水中。 拓展：mix A and/with B意为“把A和B相混合”。 E.g. I don't like to mix business with friendship. 我不想将生意与友谊混在一起。 2) hit, 动词，意为“产生不良影响；打击；危害”, 其过去式为hit。 E.g. A tornado hit on Tuesday night. 星期二晚上发生了一次龙卷风。 拓展： hit作动词时的其他意思 (用手或器具)击，打/袭击/击(球)/达到(某水平) E.g. She was angry because her father hit her on the face. 她很生气因为她爸爸打了她一巴掌。 A hurricane hit the area this morning. 今天早上飓风袭击了这个地区。 He hit the ball and ran to first base. 他击球后跑向一垒。 The temperature hit 40℃ yesterday. 昨天气温高达40℃。 【即时练习】1） “不要把油和水混合在一起，它们不相融。” Don’t _________ oil _________ water, because they don’t _________. 2） The typhoon _________ the coastal area last night, and the wind _________ 180 kilometers per hour. A. hit; hit B. hits; hit C. hit; hits D. hits; hits 4. Along with a snowstorm, strong wind blows and heavy snow falls. 伴随着暴风雪，狂风呼啸，大雪纷飞。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） blow, 动词，意为“吹；刮”, 其过去式为blew。 E.g. You are not blowing hard. 你没有用劲吹。 拓展：①blow的相关短语 blow out 被(风等)吹灭；熄灭 blow over刮倒；吹倒 E.g. Someone opened the door and the candle was blown out. 有人开门，蜡烛就被吹灭了。 The young tree blew over in the storm. 这棵小树在暴风雨中被刮倒了。 ②blow的相关单词 blower, 名词，意为“吹风机，鼓风机”。 blowy=windy, 形容词，意为“刮风的，风大的”。 E.g. You can dry your hair with the blower .你可以用吹风机把头发吹干。 —It is blowy. Put on your coat when you go out. 在刮风，外出时穿上外套。 —OK, Mom. 好的，妈妈。 【即时练习】The boy ___________ (blow) out the candles after he made a wish. 5. A wildfire can burn down everything in the forest. To prevent the disaster, we should always keep fire away from the forest. 野火可以烧毁森林里的一切。为了防止灾难，我们应该让火远离森林。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） 1) burn, 动词，意为“燃烧；烧；着火”, 其过去式为burnt/burned。 burn down意为“(使)烧毁；(被)焚烧”。 E.g. Fires were burning all over the city. 全城到处燃烧着大火。 People burn coal to keep warm in winter. 在冬天，人们烧煤取暖。 The house was burnt down in 2000. 这所房子在2000年被烧毁了。 2) prevent, 动词，意为“阻止；阻碍；阻挠”。 E.g. We should take action to prevent pollution. 我们应该采取行动阻止污染。 拓展：① prevent sb.(from) doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”, 可与stop/keep sb. from doing sth.互换。 E.g. The heavy rain may prevent us (from) going out tomorrow. 这场大雨可能阻止我们明天外出。 ② prevent的名词形式为prevention, 意为“预防；防止；防范”。 E.g. The speech is about the prevention of diseases. 这个讲座是关于疾病的预防。 3) keep.….away from.. 意为“使……远离……”。 E.g. We should keep children away from fire. 我们应当让孩子远离火。 链接：keep away from sb./sth. 远离……;勿靠近…… away from (距离上) 离……远 stay away from 离开，不接近(某人);不去(某处) E.g. We should keep away from smoking and drinking. 我们应该远离烟酒。 My home is 2 kilometers away from my school. 我家离学校2千米远。 You should stay away from that girl. 你应该远离那个女孩。 【即时练习】1）去年一场大火烧毁了三栋老房子。（完成译句） A big fire _____________ _____________ three old houses last year. 2) To protect the forest, we should take action to _______ wildfires ______ happening. A. prevent; from B. keep; away C. burn; down D. stop; to 6. Early warnings can help reduce harm and loss of life. 提前预警有助于减少危害和生命损失。 (教材P38 Activity 1 B） reduce, 动词，意为“减少，缩小；降低”。 E.g. Look at the sign. You should reduce the speed now. 看那个标志，你现在应当减速了。 拓展：reduce的常见短语 reduce to...降低到…… reduce by..降低了·…… reduce from….to….从……降到…… E.g. The skirt was reduced to 80 yuan in the big sale. 在大促销期间，这条裙子降到80元。 The price of the skirt was reduced by 50%. 这条裙子的价格降低了50%。 The number of the students in the school was reduced from 1,000 to 600. 这所学校的学生数量从1000降到了600。 【即时练习】这家工厂的工人数量从800人降到了500人。 The number of workers in the factory was ___________ from 800 __________ 500. 7. The G81 high-speed train from Beijing West to Shenzhen North is stuck in Shijiazhuang. 从北京西到深圳北的G81次高铁被困在石家庄。 (教材P39 Activity 2） stuck, 形容词，意为“陷(入);困(于);无法移动”。 be stuck in...意为“被困于……;陷入……”, 也可表述为get stuck in。 E.g. We were stuck in traffic for over an hour. 我们堵车堵了一个多小时。 The passengers are stuck in the train because of snowstorm. 因为暴风雪，乘客被困在火车上。 【即时练习】1） 昨天因为大雾，我们被困在机场三个小时。 We ________ _________ _______ the airport for three hours because of the heavy fog yesterday. 2) — Why did you miss the concert last night? — Because my car _________ in a traffic jam on the way. A. gets stuck B. got stuck C. was sticking D. stuck 8. Station: prepare free food and water and offer help to those in need. 车站：准备免费的食物和水，并为有需要的人提供帮助。 (教材P39 Activity 2） 1) those, 指示代词，意为“那些”, 指较远的那些人或事，是that的复数形式。 E.g. These people are from Beijing. Those are from Tianjin. 这些人来自北京，那些人来自天津。 拓展：those 还可用于比较的句子中，指代上文已经提及的复数名词，以避免重复。 E.g. My flowers are more beautiful than those in the park. 我的花比公园里的那些更漂亮。 2) in need意为“需要帮助的；(食物或金钱的)短缺；困窘”。 E.g. —We must care for those in need. 我们必须关心那些需要帮助的人。 —You're right. 你说得对。 Friends in need are friends in deed. 患难见真情。 【即时练习】1） The apples in this basket are fresher than _________ in that basket. A. this B. that C. these D. those 2) 我们应该尽力帮助那些需要帮助的人。 We should try our best to help _________ ________ _________. Function 1. Last week, a hurricane swept through Cuba and hit the southern United States. 上周，一场飓风横扫古巴并袭击了美国南部。 (教材P40 Activity 3） sweep through意为“横扫；席卷；(在……)迅速传播”。 E.g. The storm swept through the coastal city last night. 昨晚暴风雨横扫了这座海滨小城。 The news soon swept through the school. 这个消息很快传遍了整个学校。 【即时练习】一场森林大火迅速席卷了这座山的南部地区。 A forest fire quickly _________ ___________ the southern part of the mountain. 2. The hurricane nearly broke his house into pieces. 飓风几乎把他的房子夷为平地。 (教材P40 Activity 3） break…into pieces 意为“把……撕成碎片”。 E.g. He broke the book into pieces. 他把书撕成了碎片。 拓展：break 的相关短语 break down (机器或车辆)出故障；坏掉；使分解(为); 使变化(成) break into sth. 强行闯入；撬开(汽车等) break out (战争、打斗等不愉快事件)突然开始；爆发 break through 突破；有新的重大发现 break up 解散；粉碎；结束 E.g. My car broke down on the way home yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午，我的车在回家路上坏了。 A thief broke into my house and stole my money last night. 一个小偷昨晚闯入我家，偷走了我的钱。 A fire broke out during the night. 夜间突然发生火灾。 —Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. 科学家们认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中有所突破。 —That's great. 那太好了。 The team broke up last year. 这支队伍去年解散了。 【即时练习】大风把那个旧木屋撕成了碎片。 The strong wind ___________ the old wooden house __________ ___________. 3. His left leg got hurt and bled badly. 他的左腿受伤了，流血严重。 (教材P40 Activity 3） get hurt意为“受伤”, 也可表述为be hurt。此时hurt在这里作形容词，意为“(身体上)受伤的”。 E.g. He fell from the tree and his head got/was hurt. 他从树上摔下来，头受伤了。 【即时练习】在事故中，他的右腿受伤了。 His right leg _________ _________ in the accident. 4. Natural disasters are becoming worse and worse because of climate change, and l fear more are yet to come. 由于气候变化，自然灾害变得越来越严重，我担心还会有更多的灾害发生。 (教材P40 Activity 3） 1) worse and worse意为“越来越严重，越来越糟糕”, 其中worse是bad和badly的比较级。 E.g. The environment here is worse and worse because villagers cut down trees. 因为村民们砍树，这里的环境越来越糟糕。 2) fear, 动词，意为“担心；害怕；畏惧；惧怕”。 —Why did you get up so early this morning? 你今天早上为什么起床那么早? —Because I feared that I will miss the early bus. 因为我害怕会错过早班车。 归纳：fear的常见用法 fear sb./sth. 害怕/担心某人/某事 fear doing sth./to do sth. 害怕/不敢做某事 fear+(that)从句 担心…… E.g. I fear snakes, so I fear to go through the forest. 我怕蛇，所以我不敢穿越森林。 Scientists fear that robots would cause some workers to lose their jobs. 科学家们担心机器人会让一些工人失业。 拓展：fear还可作名词，意为“害怕；惧怕”。常用短语： in fear (of/for sb./sth.) 担心……; 处于(对……的)恐惧中；以免…… be full of fear充满恐惧 no fear (表示决不愿做某事)绝不，当然不 E.g. They spoke quietly in fear of waking the baby up. 他们悄悄讲话，以免吵醒小孩。 After the war broke out, people were too full of fear to leave their houses. 战争爆发后，人们惊恐万分，一步也不敢踏出家门。 —Are you climbing with us? 你要和我们去爬山吗? —No fear. 不去。 【即时练习】由于空气污染，这座城市的环境变得越来越糟糕。 Because of air pollution, the environment in this city is getting _________ _________ _________. Exploring the Topic Thinking Skills & Reading Strategies 1. The umbrella was broken. 伞被弄破了。 (教材P42 Activity 2） broken是break的过去分词，意为“(使)破，裂，碎”。英语中“be+动词过去分词”构成被动语态的基本结构。be broken意为“被弄坏了”, 因动作发生在过去，所以be动词用其过去式。 E.g. My toy was broken by my brother yesterday. 昨天我的玩具被我弟弟弄坏了。 【即时练习】 The window __________ by Tom yesterday. A. breaks B. broke C. is broken D. was broken 2. Floods are one of the most common types of natural disasters and can be very harmful. 洪水是最常见的自然灾害之一，破坏力极强。 (教材P42 Activity 2） harmful, 形容词，意为“(尤指对健康或环境)有害的，导致损害的”。 E.g. She knows the harmful effects of smoking. 她知道吸烟的害处。 拓展：be harmful to sb./sth. 意为“对……有害”, 可与do harm to 互换。 E.g. —As we all know, smoking is harmful to health. 众所周知，吸烟对健康有害。 —Yes. We should say no to smoking. 是的。我们应该拒绝吸烟。 链接：harm，动词/名词，意为“危害”。 E.g. —Smoking harms your health. (作动词) 吸烟有害健康。 —I see. 我明白。 Smoking does harm to your health.（作名词）吸烟有害健康。 拓展：harm的相关单词 harm v./n. → adj. harmful意为“(尤指对健康或环境)有害的，导致损害的”。 → adv. harmfully意为“有害地”。→ adj. harmless意为“无害的”。→ adv. harmlessly意为“未造成伤害”。 【即时练习】Too much plastic waste can _________ the environment. A. be harmful to B. be good for C. be interested in D. be afraid of 3. In big floods, people die in great numbers, and many more lose their homes. 在大洪水中，人们大量死亡，更多人则无家可归。 (教材P42 Activity 2） in great numbers意为“大量地，数量众多地”, 强调数量非常多。 E.g. Tourists come to the beautiful coastal city in great numbers every summer. 每年夏天大量的游客来到这个美丽的海滨城市。 拓展：a number of+可数名词复数，意为“数个”。 作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 the number of+可数名词复数，意为“……的数量”。作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 E.g. A great number of students are interested in science. 很多学生对科学感兴趣。 The number of students is dropping year by year. 学生数量正在逐年下降。 【即时练习】There are _________ students on the playground. ________ the students is one hundred. A. a number of; The number of B. the number of; The number of C. the number of; A number of D. a number of; A number of 4. However, the effects of floods are not always bad. For example, floods can fill up underground waterways and lead water to dry lands, wells and springs. 然而，洪水的影响并非全是负面的。例如，洪水会填满地下水道，将水引到干旱的土地、水井和泉眼。 (教材P42 Activity 2） fill up意为“(使)填满，装满；充满”。 E.g. I need to fill up the car. 我得给车加满油。 链接：fill的相关短语 fill….with... 用……装满…… be filled with充满，装满；被……填满 fill (oneself) up (with/on) 用……填饱肚子 E.g. To save time, I filled myself up with bread. 为了节省时间，我用面包填饱了肚子。 【即时练习】Her eyes ___________ (fill) up with tears when she heard the news. 5. Everyone in my family is busy making preparations. 我们家的每个人都在忙着做准备。 (教材P43 Activity 2） be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”。 E.g. We were busy preparing for a test while you were traveling. 当你们在旅行时，我们正忙着准备考试。 链接：be busy with sth. 意为“忙于某事”。 E.g. My mother is busy with housework after work. 下班之后，我妈妈忙于家务。 【即时练习】A group of students are busy _________ creating the scenery and sets for the school play. A. work on B. to work on C. to working on D. working on 6. When mom goes to buy cooked food and clean water from the nearby supermarket, dad is checking the house in and out. 当妈妈去附近超市买熟食和纯净水时，爸爸在里里外外检查房屋。 (教材P43 Activity 2） cooked food意为“熟食”。其中cooked是cook的过去分词，在此处作前置定语，修饰名词 food。 注意：在英语中动词与所修饰的名词是被动关系或强调动作已经完成时，可用过去分词作定语。 E.g. There are fallen leaves on the ground in fall. 秋天地上到处是落叶。 拓展：过去分词短语作定语时常作后置定语。 E.g. He has a sister called Julia. 他有个妹妹叫茱莉娅。 【即时练习】The novel _________ “The Little Prince” has been translated into over 300 languages worldwide. A. calling B. called C. calls D. to call 7. He repairs the broken door and fixes all the windows with glue and tape. 他用胶水和胶带修理破损的门，并固定了所有的窗户。 (教材P43 Activity 2） glue, 名词，意为“胶；胶水”。 E.g. We need some glue and scissors to make some birthday cards. 我们需要些胶水和剪刀做些生日卡片 拓展：glue还可作动词，意为“（用胶水）黏合，粘牢，粘贴”。 E.g. —Check that you have glued everything in place properly. 检查是否每一样东西都粘牢了。 —OK, Mr. Li. 好的，李老师 【即时练习】I have _________ glue. Here it is. A. one B. any C. a D. some 8. My brother moves the flowers and other things indoors, and I put the flashlights within our reach. 我哥哥把花和其他东西搬到室内，我把手电筒放在够得着的地方。 (教材P43 Activity 2） within, 介词，意为“在(某范围)之内”。 E.g. He put the book within my reach. 他把书放在我够得着的地方。 拓展：within的其他意思 within 不出(某段距离);在(某段距离)之间/在(某段时间)之内 E.g. The hospital is within a kilometer of my home. 医院离我家不到一千米的距离。 You should receive a reply within seven days. 你会在七天之内收到答复。 【即时练习】The nearest underground station is within walking distance. (对划线部分提问) _________ _________ is the nearest underground station? Theme Reading 1. Earthquakes happen all the time around the world. 全球各地经常发生地震。 (教材P44 Activity 2） all the time意为“经常；总是；一直”。 E.g. —He helps others all the time. 他经常帮助其他人。 —How kind he is! 他多么善良啊! 归纳：time的相关短语 time 名词短语 at times 有时；间或 from time to time偶尔 in no time立刻；马上；一会儿 in time及时 on time准时；及时 once upon a time从前 for the first time第一次 动词短语 save time节约时间 waste time浪费时间 take your time慢慢来；别急 【即时练习】累了就该平躺休息，而不是一直玩手机。 You should lie down to rest when tired, instead of playing with your phone ________ ________ _________ 2. To begin with, you must know where to hide. 首先，你必须知道藏在哪里。 (教材P44 Activity 2） 1) to begin with意为“首先”, 用于引出首先想说的、最重要的内容。 E.g. —To begin with, we should decide on a topic to talk about. 首先，我们要选定一个谈话主题。 —You're right. 你说得对。 2) where to hide意为“躲到哪儿”, 是“疑问词+不定式”构成的复合结构，在句中作宾语。 E.g. —Could you tell me how to learn English well? 你能告诉我怎样学好英语吗? —Of course. 当然可以。 【即时练习】1) —To begin with, I didn’t want to join the team, but I’m glad I did. ( ) — It turned out to be a great experience, right? A. Later on B. At first C. By accident D. As usual 2) If you want to go anywhere, you just need to tell the app Apollo Go (萝卜快跑) or Baidu Map _________ and ________. A. where are you; where to go B. where you are; where to go C. where you are; where going 3. In this way, you can keep off danger more easily. 这样，可以更有效地避险。 (教材P44 Activity 2） 1) keep off sth./sb. 意为“使……不接近(或不接触、远离)某物/某人”。 E.g. Keep off the grass. 请勿践踏草地。 2) danger,名词，意为“危险；危害”。 注意：danger作名词时常作不可数名词。 E.g. We should keep away from danger when traveling. 旅行时我们应当远离危险。 拓展：danger的相关短语 in (great) danger 处于(极大的)危险之中 out of danger 脱离危险 E.g. The monkey is in danger now. 这只猴子正处于危险之中。 The doctor says her mother is out of danger. 医生说她妈妈脱离了危险。 链接：dangerous, 形容词，意为“有危险的；引起危险的”。 E.g. Riding without helmets is dangerous. 骑车不戴头盔是危险的。 【即时练习】1）_________ on the grass. The sign says “keep off”. A. Not walk B. Don’t walk C. Doesn’t walk D. Not walking 2）Many animals are in ___________ (dangerous) because of the loss of their habitats. 4. No one expects to experience an earthquake, but no one knows whether they will have the bad luck. 没有人期望经历地震，但谁也无法预知自己是否会不幸碰上。 (教材P44 Activity 2） whether, 连词，意为“是否”, 后常接宾语从句，有时可与if互换。 E.g. I wonder whether there will be a rainstorm. 我想知道是否会有暴风雨。 注意：whether不能与if互换的情况： ①与or not 连用时，不能用if替换。 ②用于不定式之前，不能用if替换。 ③用作介词宾语时，不能用if替换。 ④引导主语从句放于句首时，不能用if替换。 E.g. He is not sure whether or not he will go to the movies. 他不确定是否要去看电影。 We can't decide whether to buy the house. 我们不能决定是否要买这所房子。 I’m thinking about whether she will agree. 我正在考虑她是否会同意。 Whether he will come is not sure. 他是否会来还不确定。 【即时练习】—I wonder _________ you will join us to see the new movie Film 731 tomorrow. —________ I’m free, I’ll go with you. A. whether, If B. if, Whether C. that, If 5. It's dangerous to walk alone in the woods at night. 夜间独自在树林里行走很危险。 (教材P45 Activity 4） in the woods意为“在树林里”。此时wood在这里作名词，意为“树林；林地”, 常用作复数。 E.g. We'll clean up the woods at the back of the school tomorrow. 明天我们将要清理学校后面的那片小树林。 —OK, Mrs. Wang. 好的，王老师。 链接：wood还可作可数名词或不可数名词，意为“木材；木料；木头；木柴”。 E.g. —The house is made of wood. 这所房子是用木头建的。 —I see. 我知道。 【即时练习】在黔南，一些古朴的村寨依山而建，房屋隐于树林之中。 Some ancient villages are built on mountains, with houses hidden _______ _______ _________ in Qiannan. Grammar in Use 1. A thunderstorm is a storm with thunder and lightning. 雷暴是指有雷声和闪电的暴风雨。(教材P46 Activity 1） with,介词，意为“有；带有；具有”,表示某人或某物带有某种特征。 E.g. Look at the boy with glasses. He is my brother. 看戴眼镜的那个男孩。他是我弟弟。 注意：with引导的介词短语作定语要置于所修饰词的后面。 E.g. I have a house with a garden. 我有一所带花园的房子。 拓展：with的其他用法 with: 意为“与……一起”。/意为“用……”,表示使用某种工具、手段或方法等。/ 引导伴随状语，意为“随着……;伴着……”。 E.g. She lives with her parents. 她和父母住一起。 He is writing with an ink brush. 他正在用毛笔写字。 —Lingling likes sleeping with the windows open. 玲玲喜欢开着窗户睡觉。 —Me, too. 我也是。 【即时练习】大家好！我很高兴与大家分享我的学习经历。 Hi, everyone! I’m very glad to share my learning experiences _________ you. 2. People should take action in time to fight against sandstorms. 人们应及时采取行动防治沙尘暴。 (教材P46 Activity 3） 1) take action (to do sth.) 意为“采取行动(做某事)”。此时action在这里作不可数名词，意为“行动；行为过程”。 E.g. —Don't talk—take action to make a change. 不要光说——要采取行动做出改变。 —OK. 好的。 2) fight against意为“与……作斗争；反对；打击”。此时 against在这里作介词，意为“反对；与……相反”。 E.g. —We should fight against school bullying. 我们应当与校园霸凌作斗争。 —You are right. 你说得对。 We are against cutting down too many trees. 我们反对过度伐木。 【即时练习】1) We need to take action ___________ the environment before it’s too late. A. protect B. protecting C. protected D. to protect 2) 我们应该足够勇敢，能与坏人做斗争. We should be brave enough to _________ ___________ the bad people. 3. We can perform best in sports shoes. 穿运动鞋会让我们表现得最好。 (教材P47 Activity 1） perform, 动词，意为“工作；运转(好/不好); 表演；履行”。 E.g. Our team peformed very well in hte final. 我们队在决赛中表现得非常好。 I plan to perform a dance in the art festival. 我打算在艺术节表演舞蹈。 A computer can perform many tasks at once. 电脑能同时执行多项任务。 拓展： perform的相关单词 perform v.“表演；履行”→ performance n.“表演；演出” → performer n. “表演者；演出者；演员” E.g. —The performance starts at 7 o'clock this evening. 演出在今天晚上7点开始。 —OK. 好的。 These performers are from Henan. 这些演员来自河南。 【即时练习】The guests clapped politely when the __________ finished her wonderful ___________. (perform) 4. Nearly everything there was gone. 那儿的一切几乎都消失了。(教材P47 Activity 3） gone是go的过去分词形式，在此处用作形容词，意为“消失了；不复存在”。 E.g. —Many forests were gone because people cut down the trees. 因为人们的砍伐，许多森林消失了。 —What a pity! 太可惜了! 【即时练习】在水面以下超过152米处，日光几乎完全消失。 At more than 152 metres below the surface of the water,   the daylight is almost _________. 5. It is a terribly painful experience for me and I still can't get over it. 这对我来说是一个可怕的痛苦的经历，我仍然无法克服它。(教材P47 Activity 3） get over意为“克服；解决；控制”。 E.g. —She can't get over her shyness. 她无法克服羞怯心理。 —Let's help her. 让我们帮助她吧。 拓展： get over的其他用法 get over sth./sb. 从疾病(或震惊、断绝关系等)中恢复常态。 get sth. over (to sb.) 向(某人)讲清某事；让(某人)明白某事。 E.g. I hope you can get over soon. 我希望你能尽快恢复健康。 He didn't get his meaning over to us. 他没有向我们讲清他的意思。 【即时练习】She tried _________ her fear and sang in front of the class. A. get over B. to get over C. getting over D. got over Developing the Topic Oral Communication & Reading for Writing 1. Limit your outdoor activities at the hottest time of the day. 在一天中最热的时候限制你的户外活动。(教材48 Activity 1 B） 1) limit, 动词，意为“限制；限定”。 E.g. I limit my spending to 20 yuan a day. 我把我的消费限制在每天20元。 拓展：limit还可作名词，意为“限度；限制；(地区或地方的)境界，界限，范围”。 E.g. She knows the limits of her power. 她知道自己的权限。 2) outdoor, 形容词，意为“户外的；室外的”。 E.g. —We take part in all kinds of outdoor activities at school. 我们在学校参加各种各样的课外活动。 —Sounds good. 听起来不错。 链接：outdoors, 副词，意为“在户外；在野外”。 E.g. —I like staying outdoors on summer evenings. 在夏天的夜晚，我喜欢待在户外。 —Me, too. 我也是。 【即时练习】1) What does the sign on the right tell drivers to do? ( ) A. To limit the speed. B. To drive quickly. C. To avoid the heavy traffic. D. To pay attention to trucks. 2) 做户外活动既有趣又令人放松。 Doing _________ __________ is fun and relaxing. 2. There was a huge noise of thunder ahead, and wind began to blow harder and harder. 前面传来震耳欲聋的雷声，风也开始越刮越猛。 (教材P49 Activity 2） ahead, 副词，意为“在前面，(时间、空间)向前；提前；预先”。 E.g. —I'll run ahead and tell them the news. 我将跑到前面并告诉他们这个消息。 —OK. 好的。 拓展：ahead的相关用法 ahead of意为“(时间、空间)在……前面；早于；领先”。 go ahead意为“请吧，去吧，做吧”等，常用于回答别人的请求。 E.g. The two boys were ahead of us. 这两个男孩在我们前面。 The meeting was held ahead of time. 会议提前了。 —May I begin? 我可以开始了吗? —Yes, go ahead. 好，开始吧。 【即时练习】— Would you mind my using your pen? —Of course not. _________. A. It doesn’t matter B. I’d love to C. Go ahead D. That’s all right 3. I stayed away from big trees and rode along a direct passage to the nearest store. 我远离大树，沿着一条直通最近商店的通道骑行。(教材P49 Activity 2） passage, 名词，意为“通道；走廊”。 E.g. —The passage leads to the hall. 这条走廊通往大礼堂。 —Thank you. 谢谢。 拓展：passage还可意为“文章；段落”。 E.g. —Read the passage and answer the questions below. 阅读文章并回答后面的问题。 —OK. 好的。 【即时练习】阅读文章中的句子，总结语法规则。 Read the sentences from the reading _________ and summarise the grammar rules. 4. The rain started pouring down right after I got inside. 我一进去，(外面)就下起了倾盆大雨。 (教材P49 Activity 2） pour, 动词，意为“(雨)倾盆而下；下大雨”。 pour down意为“大雨倾盆而下”。 E.g. The rain is pouring (down). 正下着倾盆大雨。 拓展：①有关“下大雨”的表述还有： 下大雨：pour with rain/pour (down) rain/rain cats and dogs E.g. It's pouring with rain. = It's pouring (down) rain. 正在下大雨。 ② pour还可意为“使(液体)连续流出；倾倒；倒出”。 常用短语： pour...into... 把……倒入……里 pour...out把……倒出 E.g. —Don't pour waste water into the river. 不要把废水倒入河里。 —Sorry, I won't. 抱歉，我不会了。 —Please pour the milk out. 请把牛奶倒出来。 —OK. 好的。 【即时练习】The rain ____________ (pour) down heavily, and we had better stay indoors. 5. Finally, the rain stopped and the sky cleared up. 最后，雨停了，天空放晴了。(教材P49 Activity 2） clear up意为“(天气)转晴；放晴；变晴朗”。此时clear在这里作动词，意为“变明朗；转晴；放晴”。 E.g. —I hope it will clear up this afternoon. 我希望今天下午天气会放晴。 —I hope so. 我也希望如此。 拓展：clear up的其他意思 clear up 使整洁；清理/(疾病、感染)痊愈；消失/解决；解答；解释 E.g. All of us should clean up your room on time. 我们所有人应该按时清理房间。 Have your cold cleared up? 你的感冒好了吗? Our problem was cleared up with his help. 在他的帮助下，我们的问题解决了。 【即时练习】After the storm, the sky ___________ (clear) up and the sun came out. 6. When I stepped out of the store and saw a few large trees fall on the cars, my face turned pale with fear. 当我走出商店，看到几棵大树砸在汽车上时，我吓得脸色发白。(教材P49 Activity 2） 1) step out of意为“从……走出来”。 E.g. He stepped out of the classroom and found his father waiting for him. 他走出教室，发现他爸爸正等着他。 2) pale,形容词，意为“苍白的；灰白的”。turn pale意为“变得苍白”。此时turn在这里作动词，意为“(使)变成；成为”, 强调主语的状态从一种变为另一种。 E.g. —You look pale. Are you OK? 你看起来脸色苍白，你还好吗? —I have a very bad headache. 我头很痛。 The weather has turned cold. 天气变得寒冷了。 拓展：go/grow pale也可意为“变得苍白”。 E.g. His face went/grew pale when he heard the bad news. 当他听到那个坏消息时，他的脸色变得苍白。 【即时练习】1) It began to rain when he ____________ (step) out of the building. 2) He looked _____________ (pale) because he didn’t eat anything for a whole day. Wrapping Up the Topic Project & Review 1. Add more to the safety tips 增加更多的安全提示 (教材P51 Activity 1） add to..意为“增加；增添；把…加入……"。 E.g. —Do you need to add more salt to the soup? 汤里面还需再加点盐吗？ —No. 不需要。 拓展：add的相关短语 add sth. in 把……加进去；包括 add to sth. 使（数量）增加；使（规模）扩大 add up to sth. 总共是；总计为 E.g. — Remember to add in the cost of drinks. 记住把饮料费加进去。 —OK. 好的。 —The bad weather added to our difficulties. 恶劣的天气增加了我们的困难。 —Yes. 是的。 My spending adds up to 1,000 yuan every month. 我每月的花销总计达1000元。 【即时练习】Don’t forget to _________ some sugar ________ the coffee. A. add; in B. add; to C. add; up D. add; on 2. Natural disasters harm the environment, break down houses, and even cause deaths in large numbers. 自然灾害会破坏环境，摧毁家园，甚至造成大量死亡。(教材P52 Activity 1） break down sth. 意为“打倒，砸破(某物)”, 还可表述为break sth. down。 E.g. Firemen had to break down the door to save people inside. 消防员不得不把门砸开去救里面的人。 注意：break down是“动词+副词”结构的短语，其用法如下： break down+名词=break+名词+down break+代词+down E.g. Close the door slightly or you'll break it down. 关门时轻点，否则你会把它砸坏。 拓展：break down的其他用法及意思 sth. break down(机器或车辆)出故障；坏掉/失败/(尤指在公共场合)禁不住哭出来 break sth. down / break down sth. 消除，驱除(人与人之间的隔阂等)/使……分解/拆分，把……分成若干部分(以方便做或理解) E.g. What was worse, my car broke down yesterday afternoon. 更糟糕的是，我的车昨天下午出故障了。 The talks between England and America broke down. 英美谈判失败了。 He broke down and cried. 他情绪崩溃，哭了出来。 It takes a long time to break down prejudices. 消除偏见需要很长时间。 Food is broken down in the stomach. 食物在胃里分解。 —The question can be broken down into two parts. 这个问题可以被分为两个部分。 —I know. 我知道。 【即时练习】1）What do you think we can do if the car _________, on the way to the mountain? A. is broken down B. breaks down C. broke down D. broken down 2）I think the washing machine breaks down. ( ) A. breaks up B. knocks down C. goes on D. goes wrong 3. Human activities can bring about natural disasters. 人类活动可能引起自然灾害。 (教材P52 Activity 1） bring about sth. 意为“引起；导致”。还可表述为bring sth. about。 E.g. —What brought about the change? = What brought the change about? 是什么导致了这种变化? —Sorry, I don't know. 抱歉，我不知道。 归纳：bring的相关短语 bring sb. sth. / bring sth. to sb. 给某人带来某物 bing sb./sth. to sp. 把某人/某物带到某地 E.g. My mom brought me some books this morning. = My mom brought some books to me this morning. 我妈妈今天上午给我带来了一些书。 —Don't bring cellphones to school.不要把手机带到学校来。 —OK. 好的。 【即时练习】— I’m sorry I _________ my homework at home, Mr. Liu. — Don’t forget ________ it to school tomorrow, please. A. left; to take B. forgot; to take C. left; to bring D. forgot; to bring 4. The burning of coal can lead to global warming. 燃烧煤炭会导致全球变暖。(教材P52 Activity 1） lead to (doing) sth. 意为“导致；造成(后果)”, 可与result in互换。 E.g. Practicing every day leads to improving your English a lot. 每天练习会让你的英语提高很多。 拓展：lead的相关短语 lead to sp. 通往(某处) lead sb. to + sp. 带/引领某人去某处 lead sb. (to sth.) 使得出观点；引导(某人) lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 lead a(n)...life 过……的生活 E.g. The road leads to the seaside. 这条路通向海边。 —I can lead you to the hall. 我可以带你去礼堂。 —OK. Thank you. 好的，谢谢。 —What led you to this conclusion? 你是如何得出这个结论的? —By analyzing the data. 通过数据分析。 His being late led us to miss the train. 他的迟到导致我们错过了火车。 Finally, they led a happy life. 最后，他们过上了幸福的生活。 【即时练习】1）Be careful! Your carelessness _________ the failure of the task. A. led to B. leads to C. has led to D. will lead to 2）Progress in technology leads to much easier travel and communication. (改为同义句) Progress in technology _________ _________ much easier travel and communication. 5. Everything went even more terribly worse after we ran out of food and water in the superstorm. 在超级风暴中，我们耗尽了食物和水之后，一切都变得更加糟糕。 (教材P53 Activity 3） run out of...意为“用完，耗尽(供应品)”。主语通常是人。 E. g. I've run out of my pocket money. 我的零花钱已经用完了。 拓展：① "run out of+地点”, 意为“从某地跑出来”。 E.g. The dog ran out of the room. 狗从房间里跑出来了。 ② run out还可作不及物动词短语，后不接宾语；意为“用完；耗尽”, 主语通常是物。 E.g. The oil in the area will run out in 50 years. 五十年以后，这儿的石油将用完。 【即时练习】—His money _________. He asked his mother for some. —He’s just a teenager. He shouldn’t ________ money to buy something useless. A. ran out of; run out B. run out; run out of C. ran out; run out of 6. To fight against natural disasters, the better we prepare ourselves, the more easily things will turn out. 为了与自然灾害作斗争，我们准备得越充分，事态就会越容易控制。(教材P53 Activity 3） 1) “the+副词比较级，the+副词比较级”, 这种结构表示一方的程度随着另一方程度的变化而变化，意为“越……,(就)越……”。 E.g. —The harder you work, the better you'll learn. 你越努力，学得就越好。 —I see. 我知道。 2) turn out (to be)+adj./adv., 意为“结果……; ……地发展(或发生)”。 E.g. —Despite our worries everything turned out well. 尽管我们都很担心，结果一切都顺利。 —That's great. 那太好了。 You never know how your children will turn out. 很难说你的孩子将发展成什么样子。 拓展：turn out的其他意思及用法 turn out原来是；证明是；结果是/出席(某项活动);在场/向外；朝外 turn sb./sth. out 制造；生产；培养出 turn sth. out/turn out sth. 关掉(灯或热源) turn sb.out (of/from sth.) 赶走；逐出；撵走 E.g. It turned out that she was a friend of my sister's. 她原来是我姐姐的朋友。 He turned out at the end of the meeting yesterday. 昨天会议要结束的时候，他来了。 Her toes turn out. 她的脚趾向外撇。 The factory turns out 90,000 cars every year. 这家工厂每年生产九万辆车。 Remember to turn out the light when leaving. 记得离开时把灯关了。 My father always turns me out of his study when he reads. 我爸爸阅读时总把我赶出书房。 【即时练习】1) The more actively we take part in class discussions, the _________ we will improve our spoken English. A. quick B. quicker C. quickly D. more quickly 2) 我希望一切最终都会顺利。 I hope that everything will _________ _________ all right in the end. 7. First, one should know that it is normal to experience such feelings after a disaster. 首先，人们应该知道，灾后产生这些情绪是正常反应。(教材P53 Activity 4） normal, 形容词，意为“正常的；典型的；一般的”。 "It is normal (for sb.) to do sth.”, 意为“做某事(对某人来说)是正常的”, 此时it在句中作形式主语，不定式才是真正的主语。 E.g. Her temperature is normal. 她的体温正常。 —It is normal to feel tired after such a long walk. 走了这么久的路，觉得累是正常的。 —You're right. 你说得对。 【即时练习】在许多亚洲国家，人们用筷子吃饭是很平常的事。         In many Asian countries, it’s _________ for people _________ with chopsticks. 8. If none of these methods works, you’d better trun to a doctor. 如果这些方法都无效，你最好寻求医生的帮助。(教材P53 Activity 4） none, 不定代词，意为“没有一个；毫无”。 常见用法如下： 单词 用法 谓语动词 none 指代可数名词复数 作主语时，谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。 指代不可数名词 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 E.g. I borrowed three books from the library, but none is/are interesting. 我从图书馆借了三本书，但没有一本是有趣的。 I wanted to buy some bread, but none was left when I got to the shop. 我想买一些面包，但当我到达商店时，什么也没剩下了。 辨析：none和no one none和no one都是不定代词，都表示“三者或三者以上没有一个”,两者用法区别如下表： 不定代词 none no one 含义 “没有一个”, 既可指人也可以指物。 “没有人”, 只能指人，不能指物。 是否与of连用 常与of连用。 不能与of连用。 句法功能 作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 回答的问句 否定回答以How much/How many开头的疑问句。 否定回答以Who开头的疑问句。 E.g. None of the answers is/are right. 没有一个答案正确。 —No one likes working on weekends. 没人喜欢周末上班。 —Yes.是的。 —How many people were late for the meeting? 有多少人开会迟到? —None. 一个也没有。 —Who was late for the meeting? 谁开会迟到了? —No one. 没人。 【即时练习】1） —_________ eggs are there in the fridge? —None. Let’s buy some. A. How many B. How much C. How often D. How long 2）None of the students _________ late for class yesterday. A. is B. are C. was D. have been 单元语法 复合词 1） 概念 复合词(Compound words)是由两个或更多独立单词组合而成的新词。 E.g. tooth(牙齿)+brush(刷子)→toothbrush(牙刷) waste(废弃的)+paper(纸)→wastepaper(废纸) 2) 复合词的构成规则 规则 例词 直接合并 (无连字符) note(笔记)+book(本子)→notebook(笔记本) rain(雨)+coat(外套)→raincoat(雨衣) black(黑色的)+board(木板)→blackboard(黑板) white(白色的)+board(木板)→whiteboard(白板) green(绿色)+house(房子)→greenhouse(温室效应) rain(雨)+bow(弓)→rainbow(彩虹) 用连字符连接 south(南)+-+east(东)→south-east(东南) Twenty(二十)+ - +one(一)→twenty-one(二十一) paper(纸)+thin(薄的)→paper-thin(薄如纸的) 分开书写但意义相连 post(邮政)+office(办公室)→post office(邮局) ice(冰)+cream(奶油)→ice cream(冰激凌) junk(无价值的东西)+food(食物)→junk food(垃圾食品) 副词的比较级和最高级 1) 概念 副词比较级和最高级用于比较动作或状态的程度。 E.g. Kangkang runs faster than I do. WangJunfeng runs (the) fastest. 康康跑得比我快。王俊峰跑得最快。 Lingling does homework more carefully than I do. Xiao Ya does homework (the) most carefully. 玲玲做作业比我细心。肖雅做作业最细心。 2) 副词比较级和最高级构成规则 (1) 规则变化 规则 单音节副词和部分双音节副词 部分以辅音字母加y结尾的双音节词(形容词加-ly构成的副词除外) 双音节及以上的副词 比较级 一般在后面加上-er 将“-y”改为“-i”, 再加上-er 在副词前面加上more 最高级 一般在后加上-est 将“-y”改为“-i”, 再加上-est 在副词前面加上(the) most 例词 原级 fast(快) early(早) quickly(快) 比较级 faster(更快) earlier(更早) more quickly(更快) 例词 最高级 fastest(最快) earliest(最早) the most quickly(最快) (2) 不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 well better best badly worse worst much more most little less least far farther(指距离) farthest(指距离) further(指距离或抽象概念) furthest(指距离或抽象概念) 注意 ① 形容词加-ly构成的双音节副词通常在比较级前面加more, 在最高级前面加(the)most。如： slowly(慢)→more slowly(更慢)→(the) most slowly(最慢); ② often的比较级和最高级有两种：often(经常)→oftener/more often(更频繁)→(the) oftenest/(the) most often(最频繁); ③ 副词最高级前面的the可省略。 3) 用法 级别 用法 比较级 两者比较(常与than连用)。 最高级 三者及以上比较(常加比较范围)。 E.g. My parents get up earlier than me. 我的父母起床比我早。 My grandparents get up (the) earliest in my family. 在我家，我的祖父母起床最早。 4) 比较等级的用法 类别 用法 比较级 副词比较级+than 意为“……比……更……”, 表示一方超过或不如另一方。 比较级+and+比较级 越来越…… more and more+多音节副词原级 the+比较级+(主谓), the+比较级+(主谓) 意为“越……(就),越……“”表示一方的程度随着另一方的变化而变化。 最高级 (the+)副词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句 常用in/of短语表示范围；in指同一地域或空间，of指同一类事物范围。 E.g. She cooks better and better. 她饭做得越来越好。 He plays the piano more and more beautifully. 他钢琴弹得越来越动听。 The more we know each other, the better we understand each other. 我们越是相互了解，就越能彼此理解。 注意：比较级形式表示最高级意义 比较级+than + any other+可数名词单数 the other+可数名词复数 any of the other+可数名词复数 anything/anybody else E.g. He runs farther than any other student in class. = He runs farther than the other students in class. = He runs farther than any of the other students in class. = He runs farther than anybody else in class. 他比班上任何一个学生跑得都远。 5) 副词比较等级的修饰语 类别 修饰语 比较级 much……得多 a lot很 a little/bit有点 by far更，……得多 even甚至，更 still还要，更 a great deal大大地 最高级 much……得多 almost几乎 nearly几乎 by far/far and away最，很 the+序数词 第几 E.g. Xiao Ya plays the guitar much better than me. 肖雅的吉他弹得比我的好多了。 He plays basketball almost the best in our school. 他几乎是我们学校篮球打得最好的。 语法知识点小测： 一、单词拼写。 1．The strong wind ________ (blow) the umbrella into pieces just now. 2．The more you practice, the ________ (good) you will write. 3．It’s important ________ (learn) some good writing habits. 4．She sings ________ (well) in our class. 5．He runs ________ (fast) than his sister. 6．Xia Feng checks the windows ________ (carefully) of all. 7．Harmful insects may spread ________ (die) diseases after floods. 8．The strong wind ________ (break) the umbrella. 9．It is ________ (normally) to experience such feelings after a disaster. 10．Global warming can cause longer and more ________ (seriously) heatwaves. 二、完成句子。 1．She gets up early. (用in her family改写) She gets up ________ ________ in her family. 2．This book is more useful than that one. (同义句) That book is ________ useful ________ this one. 3．参加学校的安全培训可以帮助你将知识付诸实践。 Taking part in the safety ________ at school can help you put your knowledge into ________. 4．如果你在室内，躲在结实的桌子下面并抓住桌腿。 If you are ________, hide ________ a strong desk and hang on to its legs. 5．雷暴是一种伴有雷电的暴风雨。 A ________ is a storm with ________ and lightning. 6．如果这些方法都不起作用，你最好去看医生。 If ________ of these methods works, you’d better ________ to a doctor. 7．燃烧煤炭会导致全球变暖。 The burning of coal can ________ to global ________. 8．人类活动可能引发自然灾害。 Human ________ can ________ about natural disasters. 9．当我走出商店，看到几棵大树倒在汽车上时，我的脸吓得苍白。 When I __________ out of the store and saw a few large trees fall on the cars, my face turned _________ with __________. 10．如果你不小心，你可能会在冰上受伤。 You may ________ ________ on the ice if you are not careful. 三、单项选择（词汇辨析）。 ( ) 1．This story is ________ interesting than that one. A．much B．more C．most D．many ( ) 2．You should drive ________ when it snows. A．slow B．slowly C．slower D．slowest ( ) 3．The rain is becoming ________. A．heavy and heavy B．heavier and heavier C．more heavy D．most heavy ( ) 4．He does his homework ________ than before. A．carefully B．more carefully C．most carefully D．careful ( ) 5．You should speak ________ in the library. A．quiet B．quietly C．more quiet D．quieter ( ) 6．It’s raining ________. We have to stay at home. A．heavy B．heavily C．heavier D．more heavy ( ) 7．My arm is ________ because I fell off the bike this morning. A．crying B．bleeding C．sleeping D．walking ( ) 8．The ________ snowstorm stopped all the traffic in the city. A．light B．heavy C．thin D．small ( ) 9．When I stepped out, my face turned pale ________ fear. A．with B．in C．from ( ) 10．It rained hard this morning, but ________ of my classmates were late for school. A．none B．neither C．all ( ) 11．The hurricane nearly broke his house ________ pieces. A．in B．into C．to ( ) 12．Last week, a hurricane swept ________ Cuba and hit the southern United States. A．through B．across C．over ( ) 13．—I heard a strong wind ________ against the windows hard last night. —Luckily, it didn’t break anything. A．blowing B．blew C．to blow D．blow ( ) 14．The firemen tried their best to ________ the wildfire from spreading to the nearby village. A．prevent B．protect C．prepare D．provide ( ) 15．A sudden rise in temperature means a ________ is coming and we need to stay cool. A．snowstorm B．heatwave C．typhoon D．flood ( ) 16．—Why do we need to stay calm in a natural disaster? —Because panic will make it harder for us to ________ danger. A．keep off B．keep on C．keep up D．keep in ( ) 17．When you are indoors in an earthquake, hide under a strong desk and hang on ________ its legs. A．in B．to C．on D．at ( ) 18．Students need to take part in safety training at school to ________ their knowledge into practice. A．put B．turn C．change D．make ( ) 19．The heavy rain caused a big ________ and many people lost their homes. A．flood B．typhoon C．earthquake D．wildfire ( ) 20．We should ________ an emergency kit at home to prepare for unexpected natural disasters. A．buy B．sell C．prepare D．take 四、完形填空 Earthquakes are one of the most dangerous natural disasters in the world. They can happen suddenly and bring great 1 to people’s lives and property. So it’s very important for us to know how to keep safe during an earthquake. If you are indoors when an earthquake starts, don’t panic. 2 , hide under a strong desk or table. You need to hang on to its legs and protect your head with your hands. You can also sit in the 3 of the room because these places are usually safer. Never try to run out of the building when the ground is shaking hard, and never take the lift, because the lift may stop working at any time. If you are outdoors, find an 4 place as soon as possible. Stay away from tall buildings, trees, power lines and bridges. These things may fall down and hurt you. After the strong shaking stops, don’t move around right away. There may be some 5 , which are also very dangerous. You need to wait for a while and make sure it’s safe to move. Besides, we should always be 6 for earthquakes. We can 7 an emergency kit at home. It should include enough food and water, a flashlight, a knife, a strong rope and some other useful things. As students, we must take part in safety 8 at school. It can help us put our safety knowledge into 9 . No one wants to experience an earthquake, but we never know when it will come. The more we know about earthquake safety, the higher the chance we have to 10 when a disaster happens. ( ) 1．A．happiness B．harm C．luck D．hope ( ) 2．A．Instead B．However C．Still D．Also ( ) 3．A．middle B．front C．corner D．back ( ) 4．A．empty B．open C．closed D．small ( ) 5．A．storms B．floods C．aftershocks D．typhoons ( ) 6．A．ready B．late C．sorry D．happy ( ) 7．A．buy B．prepare C．find D．make ( ) 8．A．games B．lessons C．training D．activities ( ) 9．A．mind B．practice C．use D．heart ( ) 10．A．survive B．die C．hurt D．fall 五、短文填空 Natural disasters harm the environment, break down houses, and even cause deaths 1 large numbers. A heatwave can kill fish and sea plants, so people have 2 (little) seafood. Human activities can bring 3 natural disasters. The burning of coal can lead 4 global warming. Global warming can cause longer and more serious heatwaves and more serious rainstorms. We should try 5 (we) best to prevent natural disasters. We should also learn how to protect 6 (we) in natural disasters. After a disaster, some people may not be physically hurt 7 might feel sad, scared or helpless. It is important to find ways to deal 8 these feelings. First, one should know that it is normal to experience such feelings after a disaster. Allow yourself 9 (feel) and accept these feelings. Second, try to share your feelings with your parents. You will feel better after 10 (talk) with them. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $