内容正文:
专题05 Unit 5 First Aid
序号
要点聚焦
考点一
Unit 5 First Aid 核心词汇梳理
考点二
Unit 5 First Aid 重点词组搭配
考点三
Unit 5 First Aid 语法解析梳理(动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式)
考点四
Unit 5 First Aid 写作:急救记叙文
深|研|精|炼
考点一 Unit 5 First Aid核心词汇梳理
【考点精讲】
1. technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技能;技术;技艺
词源变化: technique(n. 技巧)→ technology(n. 技术)→ technical(adj. 技术的;工艺的)
搭配: first-aid techniques 急救技能;marketing techniques 营销技巧;traditional techniques 传统技能
例句: Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. 指纹扫描技术发展迅速。
教材点睛: 注意区分 `technique`(具体技能/方法)和 `technology`(整体技术/科技)。作为“技巧”时侧重实操性,作为“技术”时侧重系统性。
2. organ /ˈɔːɡən/ n.(人或动植物的)器官
词源变化: organ(器官)→ organic(adj. 器官的;有机的)→ organism(n. 有机体;生物体)
例句: The heart is a vital organ that pumps blood throughout the body. 心脏是向全身泵血的重要器官。
课文原句: The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. 皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分,也是人体最大的器官。
知识拓展: 人体主要器官包括:heart(心脏)、lung(肺)、liver(肝脏)、kidney(肾脏)、brain(大脑)等。
3. barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ n. 屏障;障碍(物)
搭配: a barrier against... 抵御……的屏障;language barrier 语言障碍
课文原句: Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun‘s rays. 皮肤是一道屏障,能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。
写作点睛: 该词可用于描述跨文化交际中的“文化壁垒”等抽象障碍,如 cultural barrier(文化壁垒)。
4. ray /reɪ/ n. 光线;光束;(热、电等)射线
搭配: a ray of sunshine 一缕阳光;X-ray X光;ultraviolet rays 紫外线
例句: He was exposed to harmful rays for too long. 他暴露在有害射线下太久了。
5. minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ adj. 较小的;次要的;轻微的
词源变化: minor(adj. 较小的)→ minority(n. 少数;少数民族)→ majority(n. 大多数,反义词)
搭配: minor injuries 轻伤;minor changes 小改动;a minor role 次要角色
教材点睛: `minor` 的形容词形式较为常见,在医学语境下多用于修饰损伤程度。其在法律领域则有“未成年”的含义,需根据具体上下文灵活辨析。
6. layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ n. 层;表层;层次
搭配: the top layer of the skin 皮肤的表层;ozone layer 臭氧层
课文原句: Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. 根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤分为三类。
7. victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ n. 受害者;患者
搭配: become/fall victim to... 沦为……的受害者
课文原句: These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. 此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤,伤者必须立即送往医院。
写作点睛: 在急救话题作文中,用 victim 替代 injured person 更为精准,但需注意其隐含的情感色彩(通常用于描述突发的、不幸事件的受害人)。
8. swell /swel/ vi.(swelled, swollen)膨胀;肿胀
词源变化: swell(v. 肿胀)→ swollen(adj. 肿胀的)
搭配: swell up 肿起来
课文原句: First-degree burns: dry, red, and mildly swollen. 一度烧伤:干燥、发红、微肿。
9. ease /iːz/ vi.&vt.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n. 容易;舒适;自在
搭配: with ease = easily 轻松地;at ease 舒适;自在;ease discomfort 缓解不适
例句: The medicine helped ease his pain. 这药帮助缓解了他的疼痛。
教材点睛: `ease` 作动词时常用 `ease the pain/discomfort` 的结构,作名词时 `with ease` 是高考完形填空高频词组。
10. urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ adj. 紧急的;急迫的;急切的
词源变化: urge(v. 敦促)→ urgent(adj. 紧急的)→ urgency(n. 紧急)
搭配: an urgent matter 紧急的事情;in urgent need of... 急需……
例句: He was in urgent need of medical attention. 他急需医疗看护。
写作点睛: `urgent` 侧重表示“需要立即采取行动”的紧迫性,常用于批评或建议的语境。
11. swell /swel/ vi.(swelled, swollen)膨胀;肿胀
注意: 该词作动词时用法灵活,其后常不直接加宾语,其过去式和过去分词形式已在上文中列出。其形容词形式 `swollen` 在描述体征(如 `swollen ankles` 肿胀的脚踝)时非常高频。
12. slip /slɪp/ vi. 滑倒;滑落;溜走 n. 滑倒;小错误;纸条
搭配: slip away 溜走;slip into 溜进……
派生: slippery adj. 湿滑的
写作点睛: `slip` 的小品词组合非常灵活,常描述意外发生的动作。高考完形填空常考 `slip off the stage`(滑下台)或 `slip through fingers`(溜走)。
13. delay /dɪˈleɪ/ vi.&vt. 推迟;延期(做某事);vt. 耽误;耽搁 n. 延误;推迟
搭配: delay doing sth. 推迟做某事;without delay 毫不迟疑
教材点睛: `delay` 后面必须跟动名词 `doing`,是高中语法填空的常设考点。同时,`without delay` 可作为读后续写中的动作描述性短语。
14. drown /draʊn/ vi.&vt.(使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没
搭配: drown oneself in... 埋头于……;沉浸在……;a drowning man 一个溺水的男人
例句(本单元听力语境): A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水的人连稻草都想抓。
15. panic /ˈpænɪk/ vi.&vt.(使)惊慌 n. 惊恐;恐慌
搭配: in panic 惊慌失措;don’t panic 不要恐慌;cause panic 引起恐慌
教材点睛: `panic` 的过去式和过去分词在英语中常有两种形式,但在考试中常考 `panicked`。
16. interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ vi.&vt. 打断;打扰 vt. 使暂停;使中断
词源变化: interrupt(v.)→ interruption(n. 干扰;中断)
例句: Please don’t interrupt me when I am speaking. 我说话时请不要打断我。
17. desperate /ˈdespərət/ adj. 绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的
搭配: in desperate need of... 急需……;be desperate for... 渴望;急需要;be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事
写作点睛: 在记叙文中,`desperate` 可用于渲染主人公面临危机时的急迫心境,增加叙事张力。
18. justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ vt. 证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由
搭配: justify doing sth. 解释做某事;be justified in doing sth. 有理由做某事
课文原句: How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing? 我有什么理由坐在那儿什么都不做呢?
写作点睛: 在议论文中,`justify` 常用于为某个决定或行为提供理据,是常见的批判性思维表达。
19. collapse /kəˈlæps/ vi.(突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒
搭配: collapse to the floor 倒在地上;economic collapse 经济崩溃
写作点睛: 描述突发状况(如昏倒、建筑物倒塌)时使用 `collapse`,比 `fall` 更能体现“轰然倒下”的画面感。
【牛刀小试】
根据提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. The victims were in ________(紧急的)need of medical attention after the accident.
2. The building ________(倒塌)due to the strong earthquake, leaving many people trapped underneath.
3. The first-aid ________(技能)taught in the course are very practical for daily life.
4. The bridge acts as a ________(屏障)against the strong currents of the river.
5. The man was ________(淹死)when his boat overturned in the stormy sea.
考点二:Unit 5 First Aid 重点词组搭配
【考点精讲】
1. a variety of / varieties of / various 各种各样的
课文原句: You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals. 很多东西都会造成烧伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。
例句: The supermarket sells a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables. 这家超市出售各种各样的新鲜水果和蔬菜。
2. act as 充当;作为;起作用
课文原句: Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun‘s rays. 皮肤是一道屏障,能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。
同义替换: `serve as`(正式场合), `function as`(强调实际功用), `work as`。
写作点睛: 该短语是说明文和议论文中高频使用的过渡词,适用于解释某个成分的功用或功能。
3. prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事
课文原句: ...prevents your body from losing too much water... ……防止身体流失过多的水分……
同义替换: `stop sb./sth. from doing sth.`,`keep sb./sth. from doing sth.`
教材点睛: 注意 `keep...from doing` 中的 `from` 不可省略,否则意思变为“让……继续做”。
4. be divided into 被分成;分为
课文原句: Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. 根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤分为三类。
例句: The trainees were divided into three groups to practise first-aid techniques. 受训者分成三组练习急救技术。
5. depend on 依赖;依靠;取决于
课文原句: depending on the depth of skin damage 根据皮肤损伤的深度
用法提示: `depending on` 在句中常用作独立成分,引导条件/方式状语,无需主语与之逻辑主语一致即可独立使用。
写作点睛: 在说明文中,`depending on` 常用于引出分类标准。
6. stick to 坚持;粘在……上
课文原句: Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要,用剪刀剪掉衣服,除非你看到衣物粘连在烫伤的皮肤上。
同义替换: `insist on`(坚持观点/要求), `persist in`(坚持行为/过程), `keep on`(持续做某事)
教材点睛: `stick to` 侧重“坚持(原则/计划/决定/诺言)”或“粘附在…上”。写作为人称换时,注意区别 `stick to` + n. 与 `insist on` + doing 两种结构的细微语义差别。
7. suffer from 遭受(痛苦);患病
课文原句: If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤,必须立即将其送医院。
写作点睛: 除了描述身体伤害外,还可以描述情感痛苦,如 `suffer from culture shock`(遭受文化冲击)。
8. give first aid 实施急救;进行急救
课文原句: The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. 在处理烧伤时,第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
例句: Anyone can give first aid if they have the proper training. 任何人只要接受了适当的培训,都可以实施急救。
9. electric shock 触电;电击
课文原句: Third-degree burns include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. 三度烧伤包括因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤,或汽油起火造成的烧伤。
拓展: `shock` 还可以指文化冲击(culture shock)或震惊情绪(in shock)。
10. at once 立刻;马上
同义链: `immediately`, `right away`, `right now`, `without delay`, `instantly`
写作点睛: 记叙文中,`at once` 常用于描述紧急情况下的即时反应,比 `immediately` 更能体现动作的突然性和紧迫感。
11. apply...to... 把……敷/涂在……上;应用……到……
课文原句: Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取,因为油膏会把热量封在伤口内,还可能导致感染。
写作点睛: 该短语在写作中可拓展为 `apply theory to practice`(理论应用于实践),适合议论文举例论证环节。
12. regardless of 不管;不顾;不理会
课文原句(以下为教材原文): This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. 无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康,都确实如此。
搭配链: regardless of + n.(名词/代词)、regardless of + wh从句
教材点睛: `regardless of` 是对比让步句中的重要连词,强调了即便前提条件改变,结果仍然成立。
13. in place 在对的位置;准备就绪
例句: Make sure all the safety equipment is in place before you start the experiment. 开始实验前确保所有安全设备到位。
写作点睛: 在说明指导类文章中(如急救步骤),可用 `in place` 表示某个环节准备妥当。
14. sense of touch 触觉
拓展: sense of smell 嗅觉;sense of taste 味觉;sense of sight 视觉;sense of hearing 听觉;sense of humour 幽默感;a sense of responsibility 责任感
课文原句: ...gives you your sense of touch. ……并使你拥有触觉。
15. be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事
拓展: It is likely that... 很可能……
例句: People who chew too quickly are likely to eat too much food. 咀嚼太快的人很可能会吃得过多。
写作点睛: `be likely to` 在说明健康风险时常见。也可用于预测急救结果。
【牛刀小试】
用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。| a variety of | act as | prevent...from... | be divided into | depend on | at once | apply...to... | regardless of |
1. The students ___________ five groups to compete in the first-aid knowledge contest.
2. Everyone should learn first-aid skills because emergencies can happen ___________ age or background.
3. The nurse quickly ___________ a bandage ___________ the wound to stop the bleeding.
4. Wearing a mask can ___________ us ___________ catching the flu virus.
5. The success of the rescue mission ___________ the timely response of the emergency services.
6. The supermarket offers ___________ organic products for health-conscious customers.
7. When someone is choking, you should ___________ take action ___________ without hesitation.
8. In the absence of a doctor, the teacher had to ___________ the first responder.
考点三:Unit 5 First Aid 语法解析梳理(动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式)
【考点精讲】
本单元重点语法项目为动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式的用法,属于非谓语动词的核心内容。这是高中阶段的重要语法考点,也是高考语法填空和短文改错的高频考查点。动词-ing形式(现在分词/动名词)与动词-ed形式(过去分词)是英语中最为活跃的非谓语动词形式。
一、非谓语动词的概念回顾
形式
名称
与逻辑主语的关系
时态/语态含义
典型功能
动词-ing
现在分词/动名词
主动关系
进行中
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语
动词-ed
过去分词
被动关系
已完成
作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语
二、动词-ing形式的三种具体形式与语态功能
形式
构成
语义含义
例句
一般式(主动)
doing
动作与谓语同时发生(主动)
I enjoy reading.
被动式
being done
动作与谓语同时发生(被动)
He avoided being seen.
完成式(主动)
having done
动作先于谓语发生(主动)
Having finished, he left.
三、动词-ing形式在句中的具体成分
1. 作主语(通常位于句首,谓语用单数)
课文例句: Getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 烧伤会造成严重后果。
注意: 如果动词-ing短语作主语较长,可用形式主语 `it` 替代,将其后置。但 `Getting burnt can lead to...` 这种结构简洁有力,作主语时习惯保持原状。
2. 作表语(位于系动词之后,说明主语的特征或状态)
课文例句: The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. 在处理烧伤时,第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
辨析提示: 现在分词作表语时,多说明主语的性质/特征;动名词作表语时,多解释主语“是什么”。
3. 作宾语(位于及物动词或介词之后)
课文例句: It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. 最好将烧伤部位放在凉水龙头下冲洗,尤其是在受伤后前十分钟内。
动词-ing作宾语: 常见后接动词-ing作宾语的动词有:enjoy, avoid, consider, suggest, finish, practise, mind, imagine, delay, miss, prevent, resist, risk, keep 等。
4. 作定语(置于被修饰名词之前或之后,说明用途或正在进行的动作)
课文例句: Place burns under cool running water... 将烧伤部位放在凉水龙头下冲洗……(running water 意为“流动的水”,现在分词表用途)
注意位置: 单个现在分词通常放在被修饰名词之前;现在分词短语则通常放在被修饰名词之后。
5. 作宾语补足语(补充说明宾语的动作状态)
课文例句: I found myself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 没过几周,我就发现自己能在课堂上大胆发言了。(现在分词补充说明 myself)
6. 作状语(表示时间、原因、伴随、方式、条件、结果等,逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致)
课文例句: Chen Wei went to help, hoping to save the man‘s life.(分词短语表伴随或目的)
⚠️ 易错点(悬垂分词): Looking out of the window, the scenery was beautiful.(错误 ❌,look 的逻辑主语未出现)
正确 ✓: Looking out of the window, I found the scenery was beautiful.
四、动词-ed形式(过去分词)的用法与功能
1. 作表语(位于系动词之后,表示主语的状态,多为“感到……”)
课文例句: The girls were amazed to see such an open country. 女孩们看到如此空旷的乡村,感到非常惊奇。
记忆口诀: `-ing“令人”,-ed“感到”` —— 现在分词多用于修饰物(“令人……的”),过去分词多用于修饰人(“感到……的”)。
2. 作定语(置于被修饰名词之前或之后,表示被动或完成)
课文例句: Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
注意位置: 单个过去分词通常前置;过去分词短语通常后置。
3. 作宾语补足语(补充说明宾语与补足语之间的被动关系)
例句: He had the handle of the pump removed. 他让人拆掉了水泵的把手。
4. 作状语(表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等,逻辑主语与句子主语之间为被动关系)
课文例句: Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间,我们本可以做得更好。
五、动词-ing与动词-ed作表语/状语的对比要点
对比维度
动词-ing形式
动词-ed形式
与主语的关系
主动关系
被动关系
表语含义
主语“令人……”(特征)
主语“感到……”(状态)
状语含义
主语主动发出该动作
主语被动承受该动作
课文例句(表语)
The news was surprising.
She was surprised at the news.
课文例句(状语)
Hoping to save his life, Chen Wei rushed over.(Chen主动希望)
Interrupted by the noise, he stopped talking.(he被动被打断)
六、课文经典例句深度解析
1. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
解析:`getting burnt` 是动名词短语作主语,表示“烧伤”这一动作或事件。
2. It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.
解析:`running water` 中,`running` 是现在分词作定语,修饰 `water`,表示“流动的”水。
3. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
解析:`using scissors` 是现在分词短语作方式状语;`sticking to` 是现在分词短语作宾语 `fabric` 的补足语。
4. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
解析:`Applying oil` 是动名词短语作主语;`injured` 是过去分词作定语,修饰 `areas`,表示“受伤的”。
5. Told to wait outside, he felt a bit anxious.(教师补充)
解析:`told` 是过去分词短语作原因状语,逻辑主语 `he` 与 `tell` 之间是被动关系。
七、高考常见命题点
1. 非谓语动词作状语——考查逻辑主语与主句主语的一致性
2. 非谓语动词作定语——考查与被修饰名词之间的主/被动关系
3. 非谓语动词作宾语——考查哪些动词要求后接动词-ing 形式
4. 现在分词与过去分词的辨析——考查“令人……vs.感到……”的语义区别
【牛刀小试】
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. ________(judge)from his accent, he must be from the south of China.
2. The man kept on ________(ask)the same question despite being given the answer.
3. The lecture was so ________(bore)that many students couldn‘t keep their eyes open.
4. The fireman rushed into the ________(burn)building to save the trapped child.
5. ________(see)from the top of the CN Tower, the city of Toronto looked magnificent.
6. ________(tell)many times, he still repeated the same mistake in the first-aid procedure.
考点四:Unit 5 First Aid 写作:急救记叙文
【考点精讲】
本单元的写作任务是写一篇急救故事的记叙文(narrative essay),教材将写作文体定位于叙事性记叙文(narrative essay),但同时也提供了标准的三段式结构供学生模仿。这类文章以真实或虚构的急救事件为素材,在叙述中按照一定的时间顺序完整呈现急救的起因、经过和结果。
一、记叙文的核心要素(”记叙文六要素”)
任何完整的记叙文都应包含六个核心要素:
要素
英文对应
写作切入点
时间
When
紧急情况发生的具体时间(如 Last Friday afternoon)
地点
Where
事件发生的具体场所(如 on the playground, in the kitchen)
人物
Who
故事的核心人物(施救者与遇险者)
起因/背景
Why/Background
导致紧急情况的缘由
经过
What/Process
急救实施的具体步骤(叙述核心)
结果
Result
急救的最终效果
二、急救记叙文的写作框架(三段式叙事结构)
段落
英文板块
内容要点
写作提醒
第一段:铺垫
Set-up
交代六要素中的时间、地点、人物及故事背景。简洁交代受伤/意外发生的原因
开头要轻快入题,不用过多修饰。约占全文 1/4
第二段:冲突
Conflict
这是故事的核心!“冲突”即险情的具体表现,以及主人公(施救者)如何发现险情、冷静决策和实施急救措施。按照时间顺序描写急救的关键动作和步骤
这是文章主干,描写要具体、动作要清晰。约占全文 1/2
第三段:结尾
Conclusion
急救的结果 + 人物的感悟 + 升华主题(如强调急救知识的重要性)
收束要自然,可加入一句引用或名言
三、急救写作的亮点词汇与分类储备
类别
英文词汇
中文释义
需急救的情况
choke(窒息),get injured(受伤),lose consciousness(失去意识),bleed(流血),faint(晕倒),drown(溺水),suffer a heart attack(心脏病发作)
准确描述伤情
急救措施
apply pressure(按压),perform CPR(做心肺复苏),do the Heimlich manoeuvre(实施海姆立克急救法),call an ambulance(叫救护车),wrap a bandage(包扎绷带),check vital signs(检查生命体征)
具体描述救治动作
工具/物品
first-aid kit(急救包),bandage(绷带),scissors(剪刀),ambulance(救护车),oxygen mask(氧气面罩)
增强场景真实感
描述性动词
rush(冲),panic(惊慌),scream(尖叫),grab(抓住),collapse(倒下),recover(恢复)
增强叙事张力
四、急救记叙文的实用句型
1. 描述事件发生
One day, while... was doing..., ... suddenly...(某天,正当……在做……的时候……突然……)
It was a cold morning when the accident took place.(那是一个寒冷的早晨,事故发生了。)
Without warning, ...(毫无征兆地……)
2. 描述急救措施
Without hesitation, he/she rushed over to help.(他毫不犹豫地冲过去帮忙。)
Applying first aid, he/she tried to...(实施急救时,他尽力……)
The first thing he/she did was to...(他做的第一件事是……)
He/She calmly performed the Heimlich manoeuvre by...(他通过……冷静地实施了海姆立克急救法。)
Seconds later, the food was forced out and the man began to breathe again.(几秒后,食物被排了出来,那人重新开始呼吸。)
3. 描述结果与感悟
Thanks to his/her timely first aid, the victim was saved.(多亏了他及时的急救,伤者得救了。)
It was a close call, but the outcome was positive.(真是死里逃生,但结局是好的。)
This experience convinced me that first aid is essential.(这次经历让我确信急救至关重要。)
4. 名言结尾(升华主题)
As the saying goes, “It‘s a great honour to save a life.”(正所谓“救人一命,善莫大焉。”)
This story proves that every minute counts in emergency situations.(这个故事证明了在紧急情况下分秒必争。)
五、参考范文
题目: 假设你是 Chen Wei,你在餐厅就餐时目击了一起窒息事件,并利用所学的海姆立克急救法成功挽救了患者。请为校刊写一篇英语短文,记叙这次急救经历。
参考范文:
A Life-Saving Experience
Last Sunday evening, I went to a restaurant to have dinner with my family. Suddenly, I heard a desperate scream coming from another table. A man was choking on a piece of steak. He was holding his throat with his face turning red, while his friends were slapping him on the back in panic.(Set-up:交代时间、地点、人物及事件背景)
Without hesitation, I rushed to help. I told his friends to remain calm and helped the man to his feet. Standing behind him, I wrapped my arms around his waist. Then I performed the Heimlich manoeuvre:I made a fist with one hand, placed it in the upper part of his stomach, grabbed my fist with the other hand, and pushed up and into his stomach in one motion. Seconds later, a piece of steak was forced out of his throat, and he began to breathe again.(Conflict:叙述急救措施的完整步骤,核心动作描写清晰具体)
After the man recovered, the doctors arrived and said that it was my timely first aid that had saved his life. I felt proud that I had made a difference. As the saying goes, “It’s a great honour to save a life.” This experience has made me realize that learning first-aid skills is of great importance.(Conclusion:交代结果 + 表达感悟 + 名言升华主题)
【范文亮点解析】
✅ 三段式结构清晰完整(Set-up → Conflict → Conclusion)
✅ `Without hesitation`, `Seconds later`, `As the saying goes` 等衔接语增强了连贯性
✅ 急救动作描写精准:`wrapped my arms around his waist`, `made a fist`, `placed it in the upper part of his stomach`, `pushed up and into his stomach in one motion`
✅ 结尾自然融入单元引言,实现主题升华
【牛刀小试】
(2025·江西新余·模拟预测)假如你是李华。现在台风破坏性越来越强,越来越多的地方洪水泛滥,伤亡现象很严重。请你用英语写封邮件邀请外教Tom来做一场关于急救知识的讲座。内容包括:
1.发出邀请;
2.讲座内容;
3.期待回复。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
一、单句语法填空
1. It is known to all that the skin is the body‘s largest ________(organ).
2. The young man ________(panic)when he saw the drowning child in the river.
3. The rescue team arrived immediately after receiving the ________(urge)call from the village.
4. The pain began to ________(ease)after the patient took the medicine.
5. The doctor ________(justify)his decision to perform the surgery by explaining the risks involved.
6. She ________(slip)on the wet floor and broke her leg last week.
7. He was ________(drown)in paperwork when I called him yesterday afternoon.
8. The old man ________(collapse)to the ground due to a sudden heart attack.
二、单句语法填空
1. (commit) himself to a daily workout routine, he gradually improved his physical fitness and energy levels.
2. (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
3.So he remained (stand) upright, and since he was tired, he yawned.
4.The tips given in this book are useful and . (motivate) (所给词的适当形式填空)
5.The bridge (build) now will be the longest one in this area.
6.The students (attend) the lecture about environmental protection are from Grade 3.
7.Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists (ruin) the atmosphere of peace?
8.We are going to Toronto next week to see the (fall) leaves.
9.The one (submit) this report must be a high-level potential professor.
10.Travelling to cold, dark, and remote Arctic Norway in mid-winter can be fascinating for those (look) for totally different experience.
三、英汉互译
1. 别慌!急救的第一步是保持冷静。
2. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
四、语法填空
These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines 1 (wise) from Chinese medicine with talk therapy.
By simply tapping points along the body while 2 (confirm) your emotional state, you can release cellular energy. By feeling the emotions, you process and clear them through 3 power of love and forgiveness. Tapping provides a healthy way to process difficult emotions, even from 4 you experienced in the distant past. The practice draws inspiration from acupuncture, a healing method from traditional Chinese medicine that 5 (date) from thousands of years ago.
Acupuncture opens energy highways in the body by sticking thin needles into the skin. Tapping takes a similar approach, but uses touch instead of needles 6 (promote) the flow of energy throughout the body. It may sound strange or impossible 7 first glance. But scientists believe that the method works because it stimulates the 8 (center) nervous system, which causes the body to release helpful chemicals.
Everyone may have experienced some sort of emotional discomfort in their lives. 9 painful, it’s important to develop healthy ways to process these experiences. Healing practices like tapping help release these emotions 10 (active), so you can process and heal from difficult emotions.
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专题05 Unit 5 First Aid
序号
要点聚焦
考点一
Unit 5 First Aid 核心词汇梳理
考点二
Unit 5 First Aid 重点词组搭配
考点三
Unit 5 First Aid 语法解析梳理(动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式)
考点四
Unit 5 First Aid 写作:急救记叙文
深|研|精|炼
考点一 Unit 5 First Aid核心词汇梳理
【考点精讲】
1. technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技能;技术;技艺
词源变化: technique(n. 技巧)→ technology(n. 技术)→ technical(adj. 技术的;工艺的)
搭配: first-aid techniques 急救技能;marketing techniques 营销技巧;traditional techniques 传统技能
例句: Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast. 指纹扫描技术发展迅速。
教材点睛: 注意区分 `technique`(具体技能/方法)和 `technology`(整体技术/科技)。作为“技巧”时侧重实操性,作为“技术”时侧重系统性。
2. organ /ˈɔːɡən/ n.(人或动植物的)器官
词源变化: organ(器官)→ organic(adj. 器官的;有机的)→ organism(n. 有机体;生物体)
例句: The heart is a vital organ that pumps blood throughout the body. 心脏是向全身泵血的重要器官。
课文原句: The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. 皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分,也是人体最大的器官。
知识拓展: 人体主要器官包括:heart(心脏)、lung(肺)、liver(肝脏)、kidney(肾脏)、brain(大脑)等。
3. barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ n. 屏障;障碍(物)
搭配: a barrier against... 抵御……的屏障;language barrier 语言障碍
课文原句: Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun‘s rays. 皮肤是一道屏障,能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。
写作点睛: 该词可用于描述跨文化交际中的“文化壁垒”等抽象障碍,如 cultural barrier(文化壁垒)。
4. ray /reɪ/ n. 光线;光束;(热、电等)射线
搭配: a ray of sunshine 一缕阳光;X-ray X光;ultraviolet rays 紫外线
例句: He was exposed to harmful rays for too long. 他暴露在有害射线下太久了。
5. minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ adj. 较小的;次要的;轻微的
词源变化: minor(adj. 较小的)→ minority(n. 少数;少数民族)→ majority(n. 大多数,反义词)
搭配: minor injuries 轻伤;minor changes 小改动;a minor role 次要角色
教材点睛: `minor` 的形容词形式较为常见,在医学语境下多用于修饰损伤程度。其在法律领域则有“未成年”的含义,需根据具体上下文灵活辨析。
6. layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ n. 层;表层;层次
搭配: the top layer of the skin 皮肤的表层;ozone layer 臭氧层
课文原句: Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. 根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤分为三类。
7. victim /ˈvɪktɪm/ n. 受害者;患者
搭配: become/fall victim to... 沦为……的受害者
课文原句: These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. 此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤,伤者必须立即送往医院。
写作点睛: 在急救话题作文中,用 victim 替代 injured person 更为精准,但需注意其隐含的情感色彩(通常用于描述突发的、不幸事件的受害人)。
8. swell /swel/ vi.(swelled, swollen)膨胀;肿胀
词源变化: swell(v. 肿胀)→ swollen(adj. 肿胀的)
搭配: swell up 肿起来
课文原句: First-degree burns: dry, red, and mildly swollen. 一度烧伤:干燥、发红、微肿。
9. ease /iːz/ vi.&vt.(使)宽慰;减轻;缓解 n. 容易;舒适;自在
搭配: with ease = easily 轻松地;at ease 舒适;自在;ease discomfort 缓解不适
例句: The medicine helped ease his pain. 这药帮助缓解了他的疼痛。
教材点睛: `ease` 作动词时常用 `ease the pain/discomfort` 的结构,作名词时 `with ease` 是高考完形填空高频词组。
10. urgent /ˈɜːdʒənt/ adj. 紧急的;急迫的;急切的
词源变化: urge(v. 敦促)→ urgent(adj. 紧急的)→ urgency(n. 紧急)
搭配: an urgent matter 紧急的事情;in urgent need of... 急需……
例句: He was in urgent need of medical attention. 他急需医疗看护。
写作点睛: `urgent` 侧重表示“需要立即采取行动”的紧迫性,常用于批评或建议的语境。
11. swell /swel/ vi.(swelled, swollen)膨胀;肿胀
注意: 该词作动词时用法灵活,其后常不直接加宾语,其过去式和过去分词形式已在上文中列出。其形容词形式 `swollen` 在描述体征(如 `swollen ankles` 肿胀的脚踝)时非常高频。
12. slip /slɪp/ vi. 滑倒;滑落;溜走 n. 滑倒;小错误;纸条
搭配: slip away 溜走;slip into 溜进……
派生: slippery adj. 湿滑的
写作点睛: `slip` 的小品词组合非常灵活,常描述意外发生的动作。高考完形填空常考 `slip off the stage`(滑下台)或 `slip through fingers`(溜走)。
13. delay /dɪˈleɪ/ vi.&vt. 推迟;延期(做某事);vt. 耽误;耽搁 n. 延误;推迟
搭配: delay doing sth. 推迟做某事;without delay 毫不迟疑
教材点睛: `delay` 后面必须跟动名词 `doing`,是高中语法填空的常设考点。同时,`without delay` 可作为读后续写中的动作描述性短语。
14. drown /draʊn/ vi.&vt.(使)淹死;溺死;浸泡;淹没
搭配: drown oneself in... 埋头于……;沉浸在……;a drowning man 一个溺水的男人
例句(本单元听力语境): A drowning man will catch at a straw. 溺水的人连稻草都想抓。
15. panic /ˈpænɪk/ vi.&vt.(使)惊慌 n. 惊恐;恐慌
搭配: in panic 惊慌失措;don’t panic 不要恐慌;cause panic 引起恐慌
教材点睛: `panic` 的过去式和过去分词在英语中常有两种形式,但在考试中常考 `panicked`。
16. interrupt /ˌɪntəˈrʌpt/ vi.&vt. 打断;打扰 vt. 使暂停;使中断
词源变化: interrupt(v.)→ interruption(n. 干扰;中断)
例句: Please don’t interrupt me when I am speaking. 我说话时请不要打断我。
17. desperate /ˈdespərət/ adj. 绝望的;孤注一掷的;非常需要的
搭配: in desperate need of... 急需……;be desperate for... 渴望;急需要;be desperate to do sth. 非常想做某事
写作点睛: 在记叙文中,`desperate` 可用于渲染主人公面临危机时的急迫心境,增加叙事张力。
18. justify /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪ/ vt. 证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由
搭配: justify doing sth. 解释做某事;be justified in doing sth. 有理由做某事
课文原句: How could I justify sitting there and doing nothing? 我有什么理由坐在那儿什么都不做呢?
写作点睛: 在议论文中,`justify` 常用于为某个决定或行为提供理据,是常见的批判性思维表达。
19. collapse /kəˈlæps/ vi.(突然)倒塌;(因病等)昏倒
搭配: collapse to the floor 倒在地上;economic collapse 经济崩溃
写作点睛: 描述突发状况(如昏倒、建筑物倒塌)时使用 `collapse`,比 `fall` 更能体现“轰然倒下”的画面感。
【牛刀小试】
根据提示写出单词的正确形式。
1. The victims were in ________(紧急的)need of medical attention after the accident.
2. The building ________(倒塌)due to the strong earthquake, leaving many people trapped underneath.
3. The first-aid ________(技能)taught in the course are very practical for daily life.
4. The bridge acts as a ________(屏障)against the strong currents of the river.
5. The man was ________(淹死)when his boat overturned in the stormy sea.
【答案与解析】
1. urgent:in urgent need of... 为固定搭配,意为“急需……”。
2. collapsed:描述建筑物因地震倒塌,用过去式 collapsed,不及物动词无被动。
3. techniques:first-aid techniques 意为“急救技能”,用复数形式。
4. barrier:act as a barrier against... 意为“作为抵御……的屏障”。
5. drowned:描述溺水事件,用过去式 drowned。
考点二:Unit 5 First Aid 重点词组搭配
【考点精讲】
1. a variety of / varieties of / various 各种各样的
课文原句: You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals. 很多东西都会造成烧伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。
例句: The supermarket sells a variety of fresh fruits and vegetables. 这家超市出售各种各样的新鲜水果和蔬菜。
2. act as 充当;作为;起作用
课文原句: Your skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun‘s rays. 皮肤是一道屏障,能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。
同义替换: `serve as`(正式场合), `function as`(强调实际功用), `work as`。
写作点睛: 该短语是说明文和议论文中高频使用的过渡词,适用于解释某个成分的功用或功能。
3. prevent sb./sth. from doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事
课文原句: ...prevents your body from losing too much water... ……防止身体流失过多的水分……
同义替换: `stop sb./sth. from doing sth.`,`keep sb./sth. from doing sth.`
教材点睛: 注意 `keep...from doing` 中的 `from` 不可省略,否则意思变为“让……继续做”。
4. be divided into 被分成;分为
课文原句: Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. 根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤分为三类。
例句: The trainees were divided into three groups to practise first-aid techniques. 受训者分成三组练习急救技术。
5. depend on 依赖;依靠;取决于
课文原句: depending on the depth of skin damage 根据皮肤损伤的深度
用法提示: `depending on` 在句中常用作独立成分,引导条件/方式状语,无需主语与之逻辑主语一致即可独立使用。
写作点睛: 在说明文中,`depending on` 常用于引出分类标准。
6. stick to 坚持;粘在……上
课文原句: Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 如有必要,用剪刀剪掉衣服,除非你看到衣物粘连在烫伤的皮肤上。
同义替换: `insist on`(坚持观点/要求), `persist in`(坚持行为/过程), `keep on`(持续做某事)
教材点睛: `stick to` 侧重“坚持(原则/计划/决定/诺言)”或“粘附在…上”。写作为人称换时,注意区别 `stick to` + n. 与 `insist on` + doing 两种结构的细微语义差别。
7. suffer from 遭受(痛苦);患病
课文原句: If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤,必须立即将其送医院。
写作点睛: 除了描述身体伤害外,还可以描述情感痛苦,如 `suffer from culture shock`(遭受文化冲击)。
8. give first aid 实施急救;进行急救
课文原句: The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. 在处理烧伤时,第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
例句: Anyone can give first aid if they have the proper training. 任何人只要接受了适当的培训,都可以实施急救。
9. electric shock 触电;电击
课文原句: Third-degree burns include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. 三度烧伤包括因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤,或汽油起火造成的烧伤。
拓展: `shock` 还可以指文化冲击(culture shock)或震惊情绪(in shock)。
10. at once 立刻;马上
同义链: `immediately`, `right away`, `right now`, `without delay`, `instantly`
写作点睛: 记叙文中,`at once` 常用于描述紧急情况下的即时反应,比 `immediately` 更能体现动作的突然性和紧迫感。
11. apply...to... 把……敷/涂在……上;应用……到……
课文原句: Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取,因为油膏会把热量封在伤口内,还可能导致感染。
写作点睛: 该短语在写作中可拓展为 `apply theory to practice`(理论应用于实践),适合议论文举例论证环节。
12. regardless of 不管;不顾;不理会
课文原句(以下为教材原文): This is true regardless of how healthy the rest of their diet might be. 无论他们其他方面的饮食多么健康,都确实如此。
搭配链: regardless of + n.(名词/代词)、regardless of + wh从句
教材点睛: `regardless of` 是对比让步句中的重要连词,强调了即便前提条件改变,结果仍然成立。
13. in place 在对的位置;准备就绪
例句: Make sure all the safety equipment is in place before you start the experiment. 开始实验前确保所有安全设备到位。
写作点睛: 在说明指导类文章中(如急救步骤),可用 `in place` 表示某个环节准备妥当。
14. sense of touch 触觉
拓展: sense of smell 嗅觉;sense of taste 味觉;sense of sight 视觉;sense of hearing 听觉;sense of humour 幽默感;a sense of responsibility 责任感
课文原句: ...gives you your sense of touch. ……并使你拥有触觉。
15. be likely to do sth. 很可能做某事
拓展: It is likely that... 很可能……
例句: People who chew too quickly are likely to eat too much food. 咀嚼太快的人很可能会吃得过多。
写作点睛: `be likely to` 在说明健康风险时常见。也可用于预测急救结果。
【牛刀小试】
用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。| a variety of | act as | prevent...from... | be divided into | depend on | at once | apply...to... | regardless of |
1. The students ___________ five groups to compete in the first-aid knowledge contest.
2. Everyone should learn first-aid skills because emergencies can happen ___________ age or background.
3. The nurse quickly ___________ a bandage ___________ the wound to stop the bleeding.
4. Wearing a mask can ___________ us ___________ catching the flu virus.
5. The success of the rescue mission ___________ the timely response of the emergency services.
6. The supermarket offers ___________ organic products for health-conscious customers.
7. When someone is choking, you should ___________ take action ___________ without hesitation.
8. In the absence of a doctor, the teacher had to ___________ the first responder.
【答案与解析】
1. were divided into:be divided into 意为“被分成”,用过去式描述已发生的事件。
2. regardless of:句意“无论年龄或背景,紧急情况都可能发生”,regardless of 表示“不论”。
3. applied...to...:apply...to... 意为“把……涂/敷在……上”,用过去式描述已发生的动作。
4. prevent...from...:prevent sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”。
5. depends on:depend on 意为“取决于”,主语 success 为单数,用第三人称单数形式。
6. a variety of:意为“各种各样的”,修饰 organic products。
7. at once:at once 意为“立刻、马上”,置于动词后作状语。
8. act as:act as 意为“充当/担任”,不定式 to 后接动词原形。
考点三:Unit 5 First Aid 语法解析梳理(动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式)
【考点精讲】
本单元重点语法项目为动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式的用法,属于非谓语动词的核心内容。这是高中阶段的重要语法考点,也是高考语法填空和短文改错的高频考查点。动词-ing形式(现在分词/动名词)与动词-ed形式(过去分词)是英语中最为活跃的非谓语动词形式。
一、非谓语动词的概念回顾
形式
名称
与逻辑主语的关系
时态/语态含义
典型功能
动词-ing
现在分词/动名词
主动关系
进行中
作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语
动词-ed
过去分词
被动关系
已完成
作表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语
二、动词-ing形式的三种具体形式与语态功能
形式
构成
语义含义
例句
一般式(主动)
doing
动作与谓语同时发生(主动)
I enjoy reading.
被动式
being done
动作与谓语同时发生(被动)
He avoided being seen.
完成式(主动)
having done
动作先于谓语发生(主动)
Having finished, he left.
三、动词-ing形式在句中的具体成分
1. 作主语(通常位于句首,谓语用单数)
课文例句: Getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. 烧伤会造成严重后果。
注意: 如果动词-ing短语作主语较长,可用形式主语 `it` 替代,将其后置。但 `Getting burnt can lead to...` 这种结构简洁有力,作主语时习惯保持原状。
2. 作表语(位于系动词之后,说明主语的特征或状态)
课文例句: The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. 在处理烧伤时,第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
辨析提示: 现在分词作表语时,多说明主语的性质/特征;动名词作表语时,多解释主语“是什么”。
3. 作宾语(位于及物动词或介词之后)
课文例句: It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. 最好将烧伤部位放在凉水龙头下冲洗,尤其是在受伤后前十分钟内。
动词-ing作宾语: 常见后接动词-ing作宾语的动词有:enjoy, avoid, consider, suggest, finish, practise, mind, imagine, delay, miss, prevent, resist, risk, keep 等。
4. 作定语(置于被修饰名词之前或之后,说明用途或正在进行的动作)
课文例句: Place burns under cool running water... 将烧伤部位放在凉水龙头下冲洗……(running water 意为“流动的水”,现在分词表用途)
注意位置: 单个现在分词通常放在被修饰名词之前;现在分词短语则通常放在被修饰名词之后。
5. 作宾语补足语(补充说明宾语的动作状态)
课文例句: I found myself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 没过几周,我就发现自己能在课堂上大胆发言了。(现在分词补充说明 myself)
6. 作状语(表示时间、原因、伴随、方式、条件、结果等,逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致)
课文例句: Chen Wei went to help, hoping to save the man‘s life.(分词短语表伴随或目的)
⚠️ 易错点(悬垂分词): Looking out of the window, the scenery was beautiful.(错误 ❌,look 的逻辑主语未出现)
正确 ✓: Looking out of the window, I found the scenery was beautiful.
四、动词-ed形式(过去分词)的用法与功能
1. 作表语(位于系动词之后,表示主语的状态,多为“感到……”)
课文例句: The girls were amazed to see such an open country. 女孩们看到如此空旷的乡村,感到非常惊奇。
记忆口诀: `-ing“令人”,-ed“感到”` —— 现在分词多用于修饰物(“令人……的”),过去分词多用于修饰人(“感到……的”)。
2. 作定语(置于被修饰名词之前或之后,表示被动或完成)
课文例句: Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
注意位置: 单个过去分词通常前置;过去分词短语通常后置。
3. 作宾语补足语(补充说明宾语与补足语之间的被动关系)
例句: He had the handle of the pump removed. 他让人拆掉了水泵的把手。
4. 作状语(表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随等,逻辑主语与句子主语之间为被动关系)
课文例句: Given more time, we could have done it better. 如果多给点时间,我们本可以做得更好。
五、动词-ing与动词-ed作表语/状语的对比要点
对比维度
动词-ing形式
动词-ed形式
与主语的关系
主动关系
被动关系
表语含义
主语“令人……”(特征)
主语“感到……”(状态)
状语含义
主语主动发出该动作
主语被动承受该动作
课文例句(表语)
The news was surprising.
She was surprised at the news.
课文例句(状语)
Hoping to save his life, Chen Wei rushed over.(Chen主动希望)
Interrupted by the noise, he stopped talking.(he被动被打断)
六、课文经典例句深度解析
1. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
解析:`getting burnt` 是动名词短语作主语,表示“烧伤”这一动作或事件。
2. It is best to place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.
解析:`running water` 中,`running` 是现在分词作定语,修饰 `water`,表示“流动的”水。
3. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
解析:`using scissors` 是现在分词短语作方式状语;`sticking to` 是现在分词短语作宾语 `fabric` 的补足语。
4. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
解析:`Applying oil` 是动名词短语作主语;`injured` 是过去分词作定语,修饰 `areas`,表示“受伤的”。
5. Told to wait outside, he felt a bit anxious.(教师补充)
解析:`told` 是过去分词短语作原因状语,逻辑主语 `he` 与 `tell` 之间是被动关系。
七、高考常见命题点
1. 非谓语动词作状语——考查逻辑主语与主句主语的一致性
2. 非谓语动词作定语——考查与被修饰名词之间的主/被动关系
3. 非谓语动词作宾语——考查哪些动词要求后接动词-ing 形式
4. 现在分词与过去分词的辨析——考查“令人……vs.感到……”的语义区别
【牛刀小试】
用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. ________(judge)from his accent, he must be from the south of China.
2. The man kept on ________(ask)the same question despite being given the answer.
3. The lecture was so ________(bore)that many students couldn‘t keep their eyes open.
4. The fireman rushed into the ________(burn)building to save the trapped child.
5. ________(see)from the top of the CN Tower, the city of Toronto looked magnificent.
6. ________(tell)many times, he still repeated the same mistake in the first-aid procedure.
【答案与解析】
1. Judging:judging from/by 为固定独立结构,不受主语限制,用现在分词形式。
2. asking:keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”,后接动名词。
3. boring:主语 lecture 是“物”,表达“令人无聊的”,用 boring。
4. burning:burning building 意为“燃烧中的建筑物”,现在分词表“正在进行”,主动关系。
5. Seen:主语 city 与 see 之间为被动关系(“被看见”),用过去分词。
6. Having been told:tell 与主语 he 之间为被动关系,且 tell 动作发生在谓语 repeated 之前,用现在分词完成被动式。
考点四:Unit 5 First Aid 写作:急救记叙文
【考点精讲】
本单元的写作任务是写一篇急救故事的记叙文(narrative essay),教材将写作文体定位于叙事性记叙文(narrative essay),但同时也提供了标准的三段式结构供学生模仿。这类文章以真实或虚构的急救事件为素材,在叙述中按照一定的时间顺序完整呈现急救的起因、经过和结果。
一、记叙文的核心要素(”记叙文六要素”)
任何完整的记叙文都应包含六个核心要素:
要素
英文对应
写作切入点
时间
When
紧急情况发生的具体时间(如 Last Friday afternoon)
地点
Where
事件发生的具体场所(如 on the playground, in the kitchen)
人物
Who
故事的核心人物(施救者与遇险者)
起因/背景
Why/Background
导致紧急情况的缘由
经过
What/Process
急救实施的具体步骤(叙述核心)
结果
Result
急救的最终效果
二、急救记叙文的写作框架(三段式叙事结构)
段落
英文板块
内容要点
写作提醒
第一段:铺垫
Set-up
交代六要素中的时间、地点、人物及故事背景。简洁交代受伤/意外发生的原因
开头要轻快入题,不用过多修饰。约占全文 1/4
第二段:冲突
Conflict
这是故事的核心!“冲突”即险情的具体表现,以及主人公(施救者)如何发现险情、冷静决策和实施急救措施。按照时间顺序描写急救的关键动作和步骤
这是文章主干,描写要具体、动作要清晰。约占全文 1/2
第三段:结尾
Conclusion
急救的结果 + 人物的感悟 + 升华主题(如强调急救知识的重要性)
收束要自然,可加入一句引用或名言
三、急救写作的亮点词汇与分类储备
类别
英文词汇
中文释义
需急救的情况
choke(窒息),get injured(受伤),lose consciousness(失去意识),bleed(流血),faint(晕倒),drown(溺水),suffer a heart attack(心脏病发作)
准确描述伤情
急救措施
apply pressure(按压),perform CPR(做心肺复苏),do the Heimlich manoeuvre(实施海姆立克急救法),call an ambulance(叫救护车),wrap a bandage(包扎绷带),check vital signs(检查生命体征)
具体描述救治动作
工具/物品
first-aid kit(急救包),bandage(绷带),scissors(剪刀),ambulance(救护车),oxygen mask(氧气面罩)
增强场景真实感
描述性动词
rush(冲),panic(惊慌),scream(尖叫),grab(抓住),collapse(倒下),recover(恢复)
增强叙事张力
四、急救记叙文的实用句型
1. 描述事件发生
One day, while... was doing..., ... suddenly...(某天,正当……在做……的时候……突然……)
It was a cold morning when the accident took place.(那是一个寒冷的早晨,事故发生了。)
Without warning, ...(毫无征兆地……)
2. 描述急救措施
Without hesitation, he/she rushed over to help.(他毫不犹豫地冲过去帮忙。)
Applying first aid, he/she tried to...(实施急救时,他尽力……)
The first thing he/she did was to...(他做的第一件事是……)
He/She calmly performed the Heimlich manoeuvre by...(他通过……冷静地实施了海姆立克急救法。)
Seconds later, the food was forced out and the man began to breathe again.(几秒后,食物被排了出来,那人重新开始呼吸。)
3. 描述结果与感悟
Thanks to his/her timely first aid, the victim was saved.(多亏了他及时的急救,伤者得救了。)
It was a close call, but the outcome was positive.(真是死里逃生,但结局是好的。)
This experience convinced me that first aid is essential.(这次经历让我确信急救至关重要。)
4. 名言结尾(升华主题)
As the saying goes, “It‘s a great honour to save a life.”(正所谓“救人一命,善莫大焉。”)
This story proves that every minute counts in emergency situations.(这个故事证明了在紧急情况下分秒必争。)
五、参考范文
题目: 假设你是 Chen Wei,你在餐厅就餐时目击了一起窒息事件,并利用所学的海姆立克急救法成功挽救了患者。请为校刊写一篇英语短文,记叙这次急救经历。
参考范文:
A Life-Saving Experience
Last Sunday evening, I went to a restaurant to have dinner with my family. Suddenly, I heard a desperate scream coming from another table. A man was choking on a piece of steak. He was holding his throat with his face turning red, while his friends were slapping him on the back in panic.(Set-up:交代时间、地点、人物及事件背景)
Without hesitation, I rushed to help. I told his friends to remain calm and helped the man to his feet. Standing behind him, I wrapped my arms around his waist. Then I performed the Heimlich manoeuvre:I made a fist with one hand, placed it in the upper part of his stomach, grabbed my fist with the other hand, and pushed up and into his stomach in one motion. Seconds later, a piece of steak was forced out of his throat, and he began to breathe again.(Conflict:叙述急救措施的完整步骤,核心动作描写清晰具体)
After the man recovered, the doctors arrived and said that it was my timely first aid that had saved his life. I felt proud that I had made a difference. As the saying goes, “It’s a great honour to save a life.” This experience has made me realize that learning first-aid skills is of great importance.(Conclusion:交代结果 + 表达感悟 + 名言升华主题)
【范文亮点解析】
✅ 三段式结构清晰完整(Set-up → Conflict → Conclusion)
✅ `Without hesitation`, `Seconds later`, `As the saying goes` 等衔接语增强了连贯性
✅ 急救动作描写精准:`wrapped my arms around his waist`, `made a fist`, `placed it in the upper part of his stomach`, `pushed up and into his stomach in one motion`
✅ 结尾自然融入单元引言,实现主题升华
【牛刀小试】
(2025·江西新余·模拟预测)假如你是李华。现在台风破坏性越来越强,越来越多的地方洪水泛滥,伤亡现象很严重。请你用英语写封邮件邀请外教Tom来做一场关于急救知识的讲座。内容包括:
1.发出邀请;
2.讲座内容;
3.期待回复。
注意:1.写作词数应为80左右;
2.请按如下格式作答。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Tom,
How are you going recently? I wrote this letter to invite you to give us a lecture on first aid knowledge sincerely.
Perhaps due to human damage to the environment, typhoons are becoming increasingly destructive, and more and more areas are experiencing flooding. People tend to get hurt or trapped more easily. You’re an expert in first aid. Could you tell us what we should do in case of emergency? At last, it’ll be very appreciated if the lecture is practical and lasts about an hour.
We all hope you can help us and are looking forward to your early reply. Wish you all the best.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份写一封邀请外教Tom开展急救知识讲座的电子邮件,内容包含正式邀请、讲座主题说明及期待对方回复。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
最近:recently → lately
真诚地:sincerely → genuinely
最后:at last → finally
帮助:help → assist
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:I wrote this letter to invite you to give us a lecture on first aid knowledge sincerely.
拓展句:I wrote this letter with the sincere purpose that you can give us a lecture on first aid knowledge.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Could you tell us what we should do in case of emergency?(运用了what引导的宾语从句)
【高分句型2】We all hope you can help us and are looking forward to your early reply.(运用了省略that的宾语从句作hope的宾语)
一、单句语法填空
1. It is known to all that the skin is the body‘s largest ________(organ).
2. The young man ________(panic)when he saw the drowning child in the river.
3. The rescue team arrived immediately after receiving the ________(urge)call from the village.
4. The pain began to ________(ease)after the patient took the medicine.
5. The doctor ________(justify)his decision to perform the surgery by explaining the risks involved.
6. She ________(slip)on the wet floor and broke her leg last week.
7. He was ________(drown)in paperwork when I called him yesterday afternoon.
8. The old man ________(collapse)to the ground due to a sudden heart attack.
【答案】
1. organ
2. panicked
3. urgent
4. ease
5. justified
6. slipped
7. drowned
8. collapsed
二、单句语法填空
1. (commit) himself to a daily workout routine, he gradually improved his physical fitness and energy levels.
【答案】Committing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:他坚持每天锻炼,逐渐提高了身体素质和精力水平。句中已有谓语动词improved,所以用非谓语动词形式,逻辑主语he与commit之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语,句首字母需大写。故填Committing。
2. (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.
【答案】Covering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:大熊猫国家公园(GPNP)占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为我国首批国家公园之一。句中will be为谓语动词,cover 和句子的逻辑主语 the GPNP 为逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。
3.So he remained (stand) upright, and since he was tired, he yawned.
【答案】standing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:于是他依旧笔直地站着,由于疲惫不堪,他打了个哈欠。此处现在分词作表语,强调动作的持续性。故填standing。
4.The tips given in this book are useful and . (motivate) (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】motivating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:这本书中给出的建议是有用的和激励的。作表语,此处表示激励人的,应用现在分词motivating,作表语。故填motivating。
5.The bridge (build) now will be the longest one in this area.
【答案】being built
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:现在正在建造的这座桥将是这个地区最长的一座。本句谓语为will be,此处为非谓语动词,作后置定语,修饰名词the bridge,build与The bridge之间是被动关系,根据时间状语now可知,表示动作正在被进行,应用现在分词的被动语态being built。故填being built。
6.The students (attend) the lecture about environmental protection are from Grade 3.
【答案】attending
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:参加关于环境保护讲座的学生来自三年级。句中已有are,空处需填非谓语动词形式,动词attend和逻辑主语students为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以空处需填现在分词形式attending作后置定语,修饰名词students。故填attending。
7.Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists (ruin) the atmosphere of peace?
【答案】ruining
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:乞力马扎罗山真的堪当“人满为患、游客众多,从而破坏了宁静氛围”这样的名声呢?空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,lines of tourists和ruin为逻辑主谓关系,需用现在分词形式。故填ruining。
8.We are going to Toronto next week to see the (fall) leaves.
【答案】falling/fallen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们下周要去多伦多看落叶。此处修饰名词“leaves”需用分词形式;fall的现在分词“falling”表示“正在落下的”,过去分词“fallen”表示“已经落下的”,二者均符合“看落叶”的语境。故填falling/fallen。
9.The one (submit) this report must be a high-level potential professor.
【答案】submitting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:提交这份报告的人,一定是位极具潜力的资深教授。分析句子结构可知,此空考查非谓语,The one与submit之间是主动关系,再由语境可知,这里应用现在分词作后置定语,符合语境。故填submitting。
10.Travelling to cold, dark, and remote Arctic Norway in mid-winter can be fascinating for those (look) for totally different experience.
【答案】looking
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在隆冬时节前往寒冷、幽暗且偏远的北极挪威旅行,对于那些寻求全新体验的人来说,会是一件极具吸引力的事情。句中已有系动词be,设空处作后置定语,为非谓语动词,且look与其逻辑主语those之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填looking。
三、英汉互译
1. 别慌!急救的第一步是保持冷静。
2. As you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
【答案】
1. Don’t panic!The first step of first aid is to keep calm.
2. 可想而知,烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时,第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
四、语法填空
These days, doctors are using a new approach to healing, which is called tapping. This approach combines 1 (wise) from Chinese medicine with talk therapy.
By simply tapping points along the body while 2 (confirm) your emotional state, you can release cellular energy. By feeling the emotions, you process and clear them through 3 power of love and forgiveness. Tapping provides a healthy way to process difficult emotions, even from 4 you experienced in the distant past. The practice draws inspiration from acupuncture, a healing method from traditional Chinese medicine that 5 (date) from thousands of years ago.
Acupuncture opens energy highways in the body by sticking thin needles into the skin. Tapping takes a similar approach, but uses touch instead of needles 6 (promote) the flow of energy throughout the body. It may sound strange or impossible 7 first glance. But scientists believe that the method works because it stimulates the 8 (center) nervous system, which causes the body to release helpful chemicals.
Everyone may have experienced some sort of emotional discomfort in their lives. 9 painful, it’s important to develop healthy ways to process these experiences. Healing practices like tapping help release these emotions 10 (active), so you can process and heal from difficult emotions.
【答案】
1.wisdom 2.confirming 3.the 4.what 5.dates 6.to promote 7.at 8.central 9.Although/Though/While 10.actively
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了最新流行的治疗人们不良情绪和情感的叩击疗法。
1.考查名词。句意:这种方法结合了中医的智慧和谈话疗法。空格处用名词作宾语,wise的名词是wisdom,是不可数名词,意为“智慧”,故填wisdom。
2.考查状语从句省略句。句意:在确认你的情绪状态的同时,简单地敲击身体上的穴位,你就可以释放细胞能量。根据语境可知,句子表示“在确认你的情绪状态的同时,简单地敲击身体上的穴位”,while引导的时间状语从句中用现在进行时,是while you are confirming,状语从句中主语和主句主语一致,且从句中有be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词,因此空格处是confirming。故填confirming。
3.考查定冠词。句意:通过感受这些情绪,你可以通过爱和宽恕的力量来处理和清除它们。power特指“爱和宽恕的力量”,应用定冠词the。故填the。
4.考查宾语从句。句意:叩击提供了一种健康的方式来处理困难的情绪,即使是你在遥远的过去所经历的。该空引导宾语从句,从句缺少宾语,指物,故用连接代词what。故填what。
5.考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这种做法的灵感来自针灸,这是一种数千年前的传统中医治疗方法。该空定语从句谓语部分,date from没有被动形式,根据上文“The practice draws inspiration from acupuncture”可知为一般现在时,且定语从句主语that指代先行词traditional Chinese medicine,故谓语用三单形式。故填dates。
6.考查不定式。句意:叩击也采用了类似的方法,但用的是触摸而不是针,以促进能量在全身流动。根据语境和句意可知,空格处用不定式表目的,故填to promote。
7.考查固定短语和介词。句意:乍一看,这可能听起来很奇怪或不可能。at first glance是固定短语,意为“乍一看”,因此空格处是介词at,故填at。
8.考查形容词。句意:但科学家们认为,这种方法之所以有效,是因为它能刺激中枢神经系统,从而使身体释放有益的化学物质。修饰名词system应用形容词central,作定语。故填central。
9.考查状语从句。句意:虽然很痛苦,但重要的是要用健康的方式来处理他们的经历。引导让步状语从句,表示“虽然”应用从属连词although、though或while,此处省略了主语it和be动词,首字母要大写。故填Although/Though/While。
10.考查副词。句意:像叩击这样的治疗方法有助于积极地释放这些情绪,这样你就可以处理和治愈困难的情绪。空格处用副词作状语修饰动词release,active的副词是actively,意为“积极地”,故填actively。
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