专题02 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures（暑假预习讲义）新高二英语人教版

专题02 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 核心词汇梳理 考点二 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 重点词组搭配 考点三 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 语法解析梳理（名词性从句复习） 考点四 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 写作：议论文（出国留学利与弊） 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures核心词汇梳理 【考点精讲】 1. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ n.（通过考试或学习课程取得的）资格；学历 词源变化： qualify (v.) → qualification (n.) → qualified (adj.) 例句： He is studying for a teaching qualification. 他正在攻读教学资格证书。 搭配： have a qualification in... 有……方面的资格；acquire/gain a qualification 获得资格证书 2. ambition /æmˈbɪʃən/ n. 追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负 例句： Her ambition was to become a doctor. 她的理想是成为一名医生。 派生： ambitious adj. 有野心的；有雄心的 搭配： have an ambition to do sth. 有做某事的抱负 My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation. 3. adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃən/ n. 适应；改编本 例句： His adaptation to the new environment was impressive. 派生： adapt v.（使）适应；改编 搭配： adaptation to... 对……的适应 4. comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服 vt.安慰；抚慰 例句： The child comforted his crying mother. 孩子安慰了他哭泣的母亲。 派生： comfortable adj. 舒服的；uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 搭配： take comfort from... 从……中得到安慰；give comfort to sb. 安慰某人 When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family. 5. participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ vi. 参加；参与 例句： All students are encouraged to participate in the discussion. 派生： participation n. 参加；participant n. 参与者 搭配： participate in 参加；参与 Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations. 6. engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ vi.参加；参与（活动） vt.吸引（注意力、兴趣）；(使)参加；雇用 例句： The book engaged my full attention. 派生： engaged adj. 忙于，从事于；已订婚的；engagement n. 订婚；约定 搭配： engage in 参加；忙于；engage sb‘s interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力 Engaging in British culture has helped. 7. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加 例句： The job involves travelling abroad. 这份工作需要出国。 派生： involved adj. 参与的；投入的；involvement n. 参与 搭配： involve doing sth. 涉及做某事；involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与某事 I‘ve been involved in social activities. 8. get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联 例句： He got involved in the volunteer project. 他参与到了这个志愿者项目中。 用法拓展： `involve` 的主动用法与被动用法在含义上略有差别，`be involved in` 更强调“处于……之中”的状态。注：他积极参加了社会活动。 9. expectation /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/ n. 期望；预期；期待 例句： The result did not live up to our expectations. 派生： expect v. 期望；预料 搭配： beyond expectation 超出预期；in expectation of... 期望…… The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad. 10. expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境） 例句： We should expose children to as much art as possible. 派生： exposure n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露 搭配： be exposed to 接触；暴露于；expose sb./sth. to... 使某人/某物暴露于…… Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. 11. insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. 洞察力；眼光 例句： The article provides a deep insight into Chinese culture. 搭配： gain an insight into... 深入了解……；give sb. an insight into... 使某人深入了解…… 【牛刀小试】 根据提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. It took a few weeks for the new student to fully a_____ to the school rules. 2. She has the necessary q________ to become a senior manager. 3. The p__________ of all team members is required for the project to succeed. 4. We must be careful not to e_______ children to too much violence on TV. 5. His a________ is to travel around the world after retirement. 考点二：Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 重点词组搭配 【考点精讲】 1. participate in 参加；参与 例句： It's good for students to participate in social activities. I've been involved in social activities. 高考链接： 在写作中可用 `take part in` 或 `join in` 进行同义替换，避免重复。 2. speak up 大声点说；明确表态 例句： If you have any problems, please speak up. She found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 解析： 该短语既可指提高音量，也可指“毫无顾忌地说出自己的想法”。 3. feel at home 舒服自在；不拘束 例句： The host family made me feel at home. She feels much more at home in the UK. 文化点睛： 与“文化冲击（culture shock）”相对，描述完全融入当地生活的状态。 4. cost an arm and a leg （使）花一大笔钱 例句： Buying a house in the city center will cost an arm and a leg. Tuition fees and living expenses could end up costing most families an arm and a leg. 高考链接： 高考阅读理解中常出现该习语，需结合语境理解其夸张修辞。 5. side with 支持；站在……的一边 例句： I tend to side with the view that studying abroad is beneficial. 辨析： `side with` 指支持某人/观点；`side against` 指反对某人。 Which parent would you probably side with? 6. as far as I know 据我所知 / as far as I am concerned 就我而言 例句： As far as I know, the museum is open until 5 pm. 写作点睛： 用于议论文开篇引出个人观点，属于委婉表达（hedging language）。 同义替换： `from my perspective`，`in my opinion`，`personally speaking`。表示观点时可用。 【牛刀小试】 用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。 | participate in | speak up | feel at home | cost an arm and a leg | as far as I'm concerned | 1. The luxury handbag looked beautiful but it would probably _____________. 2. The teacher encouraged the shy student to _____________ during the class discussion. 3. With the help of her friends, she quickly ____________ in the new city. 4. Thousands of athletes from all over the world will ____________ the Olympic Games. 5. ____________, studying abroad is a valuable experience worth trying. 考点三：Unit2 Bridging Cultures 语法解析梳理（名词性从句复习） 【考点精讲】 一、定义与分类 名词性从句是指在复合句中起到名词作用的从句。它分为四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 二、引导词归纳 根据在从句中是否充当成分及含义，引导词可分为三类： 类别 引导词 在从句中是否充当成分 备注 从属连词 that， whether/if, as if/though， because 否 that 无实义，whether/if 表“是否” 连接代词 who， whom， whose， what， which， whoever， whatever， whichever 是 充当主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when， where， why， how 是 充当状语 三、四大类型详解 根据从句在主句中所充当的成分不同，名词性从句可分为以下四种： 1. 主语从句 (Subject Clause) 功能：在复合句中充当主语的从句。 位置：通常位于谓语动词之前。为避免“头重脚轻”（主语过长，谓语过短），常用 形式主语it 代替，而将真正的主语从句后置。 例句： That he finished the work on time surprised everyone.（他准时完成了工作，这让每个人都感到惊讶。）- 直接位于句首 What she said is true.（她所说的是真的。）- 直接位于句首 It is surprising that she passed the exam.（她通过了考试，这很令人惊讶。）- 使用形式主语it It doesn't matter when you arrive.（你什么时候到没关系。）- 使用形式主语it 2. 宾语从句 (Object Clause) 功能：在复合句中充当动词或介词的宾语。 位置：位于及物动词或介词之后。 注意：及物动词后的that常可省略，但介词后的that不能省略，且通常不能用if替代whether。 例句： I know (that) he is a doctor.（我知道他是一名医生。）- 动词宾语，that可省略 She wondered whether/if he would come.（她想知道他是否会来。）- 动词宾语 He was surprised by what he saw.（他对他所看到的感到惊讶。）- 介词宾语 I'm worried about whether she is safe.（我担心她是否安全。）- 介词宾语（只能用whether） 3. 表语从句 (Predicative Clause) 功能：在复合句中放在系动词（如be, seem, look, sound）之后，充当表语，说明主语是什么或怎么样。 位置：位于系动词之后。 例句： The problem is that we lack experience.（问题是我们缺乏经验。） That is why I was late.（那就是我迟到的原因。） It seems as if it is going to rain.（看起来好像要下雨了。） The question remains whether they will agree.（问题仍然在于他们是否会同意。） 4. 同位语从句 (Appositive Clause) 功能：对一个抽象名词（如idea, news, fact, promise, hope, belief, doubt, thought）进行解释说明，表明其具体内容。从句与被解释的名词是同位关系（即“=”的关系）。 位置：紧跟在被说明的名词之后。 引导词：通常用that引导，that在从句中不作成分且不能省略。 例句： The news that our team had won excited us all.（我们队获胜的消息让我们所有人都很兴奋。）- that our team had won 就是 the news 的具体内容。 I have no idea when he will return.（我不知道他什么时候回来。） He made a promise that he would never lie again.（他承诺再也不说谎了。） 四、核心考点深度解析 1. that 的“有”与“无”：`that` 在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中不可省略；在宾语从句中（主句谓语为 think， say， know 等常见动词时）可省略。 例句（主语从句，that 不可省）： That he refused the offer surprised us all. 例句（宾语从句，that 可省）： I believe (that) you can solve the problem. 2. whether 与 if 的“适用场景”：`whether` 的适用范围更广，尤其在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，只能用 `whether`。 例句（主语从句）： Whether he will attend the meeting remains unknown. 例句（介词后作宾语）： I'm thinking about whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接代词/副词的“功能导向”：根据从句缺少的成分选择引导词。若缺主语、宾语、定语，用连接代词（what/which/who 等）；若缺状语（时间、地点、原因、方式），用连接副词（when/where/why/how 等）。 例句（缺宾语，用 what）： What she said at the meeting impressed everyone. 例句（缺状语，用 how）： The teacher explained how we could improve our writing skills. 4. 陈述语序的刚性要求：名词性从句必须用“连接词 + 主语 + 谓语”的陈述语序，不可保留疑问语序。 错误示例： I don‘t know what is he doing. 正确示例： I don’t know what he is doing. 5. 形式主语 it：当主语从句过长时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句后置，以保持句子平衡。 It was a great surprise that she won the competition. 6. 课文例句（来源于本单元课文） It was the first time that she had left China. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. It is important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life. My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation. （表语从句） Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements. 【牛刀小试】 语法填空 1．Just as I was going downstairs, it struck me I had left the door unlocked. 2．It is clear regular exercise improves physical health. 3． we can solve this problem efficiently is the key to the project’s success. 4． he suddenly quit his job without any explanation confused his colleagues. 5． we can go on the trip depends on the weather this weekend. 6．There is no doubt hard work leads to success in the long term. 7．Some teachers hold the view students should have more free time to explore their interests. 8．The increase in divorce may be partly due to the fact people live longer. 9．He was ill and that was he was absent from school. 10．She always stays calm in emergencies; that is she has received professional training for years. 考点四：Unit2 Bridging Cultures 写作：议论文（出国留学利与弊） 【考点精讲】 本单元的写作任务是写一篇议论文，阐述你对“出国留学”利弊的观点。 一、议论文经典结构（四段式） 1. 引言段：点明主题，陈述不同观点，亮出自己的论点。 2. 主体段1（利）：分论点1 + 分论点2 + 论据（具体化）。 3. 主体段2（弊）：分论点1 + 分论点2 + 论据（具体化）。 4. 结尾段：总结观点，升华主题（通常采用折衷观点，强调“理性选择”）。 二、议论文常用衔接词（Connectors） 引出观点（giving opinion）： In my opinion， Personally， As far as I‘m concerned， I firmly believe that... 列举理由（listing points）： To begin with， What’s more， Furthermore， Besides， In addition 举例说明（giving examples）： For example， For instance， such as 对比转折（contrasting）： However， On the other hand， In contrast， Nevertheless 表因果（cause & effect）： Therefore， As a result， Consequently， Thus 总结归纳（summarizing）： In conclusion， To sum up， All in all 三、实用句型 There has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad. On the one hand, ... On the other hand, ... The most important factor to consider is whether... While studying abroad has its disadvantages, the advantages outweigh them. 四、论点参考（Topic Bank） 优势（Advantages） 劣势（Disadvantages） 拓宽国际视野（broaden one's horizons/global perspective） 经济压力巨大（financial pressure/tuition fees cost an arm and a leg） 提升语言能力（improve language skills/be exposed to authentic English） 文化冲击与孤独感（culture shock/homesickness/loneliness） 培养独立人格（develop independence/personal growth） 学业压力与适应困难（academic pressure/new surroundings） 增加就业竞争力（increase job competitiveness/career opportunities） 人身安全隐患（safety concerns） 五、参考范文 Studying Abroad: A Double-Edged Sword In recent years, there has been a significant boom in the number of students choosing to study abroad. While some believe it is a life-changing opportunity, others argue it comes with too many risks. As far as I am concerned, studying abroad offers great benefits, but students must weigh them against the challenges. （引言段——亮出观点） On the positive side, studying abroad serves as a powerful catalyst for personal growth. Students who study overseas are often exposed to diverse cultures, which can broaden their horizons and enhance their cross-cultural communication skills. Furthermore, living alone in a foreign country forces them to become more independent and self-reliant. （主体段——分析“利”） However, the disadvantages cannot be ignored. To begin with, studying abroad can cost an arm and a leg, placing tremendous financial pressure on families. Moreover, young students may struggle with culture shock and homesickness. Being in unfamiliar surroundings, they might find it hard to adapt to different teaching methods, which could lead to depression and poor academic performance. （主体段——分析“弊”） In conclusion, studying abroad is a double-edged sword. While it provides a platform for students to gain a global perspective, it also poses significant challenges. Therefore, students should make a sensible decision based on their own personality and family financial situation. （结尾段——总结并升华主题，强调理性选择） 【牛刀小试】 目前，越来越多的中学生使用电子词典笔来学英语。最近，你班同学就“Should students use electronic dictionary pens?”这一话题进行了讨论，大家对此看法不一。请你根据提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍此次的讨论情况并表明自己的观点，内容包括： 1、赞成(40%)的理由：1. 电子词典笔便于携带；2. 查单词容易；3. 功能多：可以练习听力。 2、反对(60%)的理由：1. 单词释义少；2. 容易产生依赖性，不再下功夫记单词。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、单句语法填空 1. Without any ________ (qualify), he was rejected by the company immediately. 2. She is an ________ (ambition) woman who is determined to make a name for herself. 3. After a month, the new student gradually made a successful ________ (adapt) to the school life. 4. The old photo brought me a sense of ________ (comfortable) whenever I looked at it. 5. Everyone is supposed to be an active ________ (participate) in the class discussion. 二、完成句子 1．我们是否去爬山要看天气而定。 depends on the weather. 2．他所被记住的是他的幽默风格。 is his humorous style. 3． is still a puzzle. 那个迷路的孩子去了哪里仍然是个谜。 4．毫无疑问，这个男孩正是我们要找的人。 the boy is just the one we are looking for. 5．他不努力工作的事实大家都知道。 The fact is known to us all. 6．I didn’t phone her, and she got angry with me. 我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。 7．I guess . 我猜这就是为什么她能每天吸引那么多的游客前来吧。 8．The question is . 问题是我们应当相信谁。 9．我猜他不会来参加聚会。 I don't suppose . 10．He showed me yesterday. 他让我看他昨天买的东西了。 三、阅读理解 As a middle school adviser, I know firsthand how unkind kids can be to each other — but today, I saw something that reminded me just how friendly they really are. It was “College Day” at our school, when students wear gear from colleges and universities, which were designed according to their height and weight. And we focus on the importance of pursuing education after high school. At lunch, we hosted a fun question-and-answer activity with buzzers (蜂鸣抢答器), prizes, and questions about education funds, on-the-job training programs, and post-secondary options. Six students came up at a time to play. During one round, two of the students who participated were from our specialized classroom. These students are amazing — strong-minded, determined, and full of heart. As the game began, I got ready to step in if they needed support or if they felt left out. The first question went to one of the general education students. Then, on the second question, Frank, one of our students from the specialized class, rang in first. Before I could even help, a few classmates quietly came up behind him and whispered the answer in his ear. He repeated it with excitement, and when I announced it was correct, the crowd erupted in cheers — louder than I’d heard all day. It happened again with the next question. This time, the crowd began cheering Frank’s name, and he lit up with pride. More students from the class were invited up to play, and the cheering only grew louder. The whole room was filled with delight — students supporting one another, showing joy, unity, and genuine kindness. We often talk about the challenges this generation faces, but I saw something powerful today. These kids are good. They’re tender-hearted. They lift each other up. And in that moment, they reminded me that the future is in very good hands. 1．What does the word “gear” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Caps. B．Glasses. C．watches. D．Uniforms. 2．What did the author do at the beginning of the game? A．He prepared to ring the buzzer first. B．He announced the answer instantly. C．He planned to assist students in need. D．He left students behind without hesitation. 3．What made Frank proud? A．His kindness to others. B．Peers’ praise and shouts. C．His confidence in himself. D．Peers’ support and cheers. 4．What message does the text convey about the kids? A．They are ambitious. B．They are stressful. C．They are hopeful. D．They are grateful. 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 核心词汇梳理 考点二 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 重点词组搭配 考点三 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 语法解析梳理（名词性从句复习） 考点四 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 写作：议论文（出国留学利与弊） 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 2 Bridging Cultures核心词汇梳理 【考点精讲】 1. qualification /ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃən/ n.（通过考试或学习课程取得的）资格；学历 词源变化： qualify (v.) → qualification (n.) → qualified (adj.) 例句： He is studying for a teaching qualification. 他正在攻读教学资格证书。 搭配： have a qualification in... 有……方面的资格；acquire/gain a qualification 获得资格证书 2. ambition /æmˈbɪʃən/ n. 追求的目标；夙愿；野心；抱负 例句： Her ambition was to become a doctor. 她的理想是成为一名医生。 派生： ambitious adj. 有野心的；有雄心的 搭配： have an ambition to do sth. 有做某事的抱负 My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation. 3. adaptation /ˌædæpˈteɪʃən/ n. 适应；改编本 例句： His adaptation to the new environment was impressive. 派生： adapt v.（使）适应；改编 搭配： adaptation to... 对……的适应 4. comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ n. 安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服 vt.安慰；抚慰 例句： The child comforted his crying mother. 孩子安慰了他哭泣的母亲。 派生： comfortable adj. 舒服的；uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的 搭配： take comfort from... 从……中得到安慰；give comfort to sb. 安慰某人 When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family. 5. participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ vi. 参加；参与 例句： All students are encouraged to participate in the discussion. 派生： participation n. 参加；participant n. 参与者 搭配： participate in 参加；参与 Students need to generate ideas, offer examples, apply concepts, and raise questions, as well as give presentations. 6. engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ vi.参加；参与（活动） vt.吸引（注意力、兴趣）；(使)参加；雇用 例句： The book engaged my full attention. 派生： engaged adj. 忙于，从事于；已订婚的；engagement n. 订婚；约定 搭配： engage in 参加；忙于；engage sb‘s interest/attention 吸引某人的兴趣/注意力 Engaging in British culture has helped. 7. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含；需要；涉及；影响；(使)参加 例句： The job involves travelling abroad. 这份工作需要出国。 派生： involved adj. 参与的；投入的；involvement n. 参与 搭配： involve doing sth. 涉及做某事；involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与某事 I‘ve been involved in social activities. 8. get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联 例句： He got involved in the volunteer project. 他参与到了这个志愿者项目中。 用法拓展： `involve` 的主动用法与被动用法在含义上略有差别，`be involved in` 更强调“处于……之中”的状态。注：他积极参加了社会活动。 9. expectation /ˌekspekˈteɪʃən/ n. 期望；预期；期待 例句： The result did not live up to our expectations. 派生： expect v. 期望；预料 搭配： beyond expectation 超出预期；in expectation of... 期望…… The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad. 10. expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/ vt. 使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境） 例句： We should expose children to as much art as possible. 派生： exposure n. 接触；体验；暴露；揭露 搭配： be exposed to 接触；暴露于；expose sb./sth. to... 使某人/某物暴露于…… Exposure to another culture and its people can give exchange students great insights into the world. 11. insight /ˈɪnsaɪt/ n. 洞察力；眼光 例句： The article provides a deep insight into Chinese culture. 搭配： gain an insight into... 深入了解……；give sb. an insight into... 使某人深入了解…… 【牛刀小试】 根据提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. It took a few weeks for the new student to fully a_____ to the school rules. 2. She has the necessary q________ to become a senior manager. 3. The p__________ of all team members is required for the project to succeed. 4. We must be careful not to e_______ children to too much violence on TV. 5. His a________ is to travel around the world after retirement. 【答案与解析】 1. adapt：根据句意“适应校规”及首字母提示，应填动词 adapt，用于 adapt to 结构。 2. qualifications：根据句意“成为高级经理的资格”，且前面有形容词 necessary，填名词 qualifications。 3. participation：根据句子结构，缺主语，且前面有定冠词 The，填名词 participation。 4. expose：情态动词 must 后跟动词原形，expose sb. to sth. 意为“使某人接触/暴露于……”。 5. ambition：根据句意“环游世界”及主谓一致，填名词 ambition。 考点二：Unit 2 Bridging Cultures 重点词组搭配 【考点精讲】 1. participate in 参加；参与 例句： It's good for students to participate in social activities. I've been involved in social activities. 高考链接： 在写作中可用 `take part in` 或 `join in` 进行同义替换，避免重复。 2. speak up 大声点说；明确表态 例句： If you have any problems, please speak up. She found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. 解析： 该短语既可指提高音量，也可指“毫无顾忌地说出自己的想法”。 3. feel at home 舒服自在；不拘束 例句： The host family made me feel at home. She feels much more at home in the UK. 文化点睛： 与“文化冲击（culture shock）”相对，描述完全融入当地生活的状态。 4. cost an arm and a leg （使）花一大笔钱 例句： Buying a house in the city center will cost an arm and a leg. Tuition fees and living expenses could end up costing most families an arm and a leg. 高考链接： 高考阅读理解中常出现该习语，需结合语境理解其夸张修辞。 5. side with 支持；站在……的一边 例句： I tend to side with the view that studying abroad is beneficial. 辨析： `side with` 指支持某人/观点；`side against` 指反对某人。 Which parent would you probably side with? 6. as far as I know 据我所知 / as far as I am concerned 就我而言 例句： As far as I know, the museum is open until 5 pm. 写作点睛： 用于议论文开篇引出个人观点，属于委婉表达（hedging language）。 同义替换： `from my perspective`，`in my opinion`，`personally speaking`。表示观点时可用。 【牛刀小试】 用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。 | participate in | speak up | feel at home | cost an arm and a leg | as far as I'm concerned | 1. The luxury handbag looked beautiful but it would probably _____________. 2. The teacher encouraged the shy student to _____________ during the class discussion. 3. With the help of her friends, she quickly ____________ in the new city. 4. Thousands of athletes from all over the world will ____________ the Olympic Games. 5. ____________, studying abroad is a valuable experience worth trying. 【答案与解析】 1. cost an arm and a leg：根据句意“奢侈品手提包”及主句结构 would + 动词原形，填固定短语 cost an arm and a leg，意为“花费一大笔钱”。 2. speak up：根据句意“害羞的学生”，鼓励其大胆说话，填 speak up，意为“大声说出来/明确表态”。 3. felt at home：根据句意“朋友的帮助”和“在新城市”，填 felt at home，意为“感觉自在、不拘束”。 4. participate in：根据句意“全世界的运动员”和“奥运会”，填 participate in，意为“参加”。 5. As far as I'm concerned：根据句子结构，用于句首表观点，填 As far as I‘m concerned，意为“就我而言”。 考点三：Unit2 Bridging Cultures 语法解析梳理（名词性从句复习） 【考点精讲】 一、定义与分类 名词性从句是指在复合句中起到名词作用的从句。它分为四类：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 二、引导词归纳 根据在从句中是否充当成分及含义，引导词可分为三类： 类别 引导词 在从句中是否充当成分 备注 从属连词 that， whether/if, as if/though， because 否 that 无实义，whether/if 表“是否” 连接代词 who， whom， whose， what， which， whoever， whatever， whichever 是 充当主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when， where， why， how 是 充当状语 三、四大类型详解 根据从句在主句中所充当的成分不同，名词性从句可分为以下四种： 1. 主语从句 (Subject Clause) 功能：在复合句中充当主语的从句。 位置：通常位于谓语动词之前。为避免“头重脚轻”（主语过长，谓语过短），常用 形式主语it 代替，而将真正的主语从句后置。 例句： That he finished the work on time surprised everyone.（他准时完成了工作，这让每个人都感到惊讶。）- 直接位于句首 What she said is true.（她所说的是真的。）- 直接位于句首 It is surprising that she passed the exam.（她通过了考试，这很令人惊讶。）- 使用形式主语it It doesn't matter when you arrive.（你什么时候到没关系。）- 使用形式主语it 2. 宾语从句 (Object Clause) 功能：在复合句中充当动词或介词的宾语。 位置：位于及物动词或介词之后。 注意：及物动词后的that常可省略，但介词后的that不能省略，且通常不能用if替代whether。 例句： I know (that) he is a doctor.（我知道他是一名医生。）- 动词宾语，that可省略 She wondered whether/if he would come.（她想知道他是否会来。）- 动词宾语 He was surprised by what he saw.（他对他所看到的感到惊讶。）- 介词宾语 I'm worried about whether she is safe.（我担心她是否安全。）- 介词宾语（只能用whether） 3. 表语从句 (Predicative Clause) 功能：在复合句中放在系动词（如be, seem, look, sound）之后，充当表语，说明主语是什么或怎么样。 位置：位于系动词之后。 例句： The problem is that we lack experience.（问题是我们缺乏经验。） That is why I was late.（那就是我迟到的原因。） It seems as if it is going to rain.（看起来好像要下雨了。） The question remains whether they will agree.（问题仍然在于他们是否会同意。） 4. 同位语从句 (Appositive Clause) 功能：对一个抽象名词（如idea, news, fact, promise, hope, belief, doubt, thought）进行解释说明，表明其具体内容。从句与被解释的名词是同位关系（即“=”的关系）。 位置：紧跟在被说明的名词之后。 引导词：通常用that引导，that在从句中不作成分且不能省略。 例句： The news that our team had won excited us all.（我们队获胜的消息让我们所有人都很兴奋。）- that our team had won 就是 the news 的具体内容。 I have no idea when he will return.（我不知道他什么时候回来。） He made a promise that he would never lie again.（他承诺再也不说谎了。） 四、核心考点深度解析 1. that 的“有”与“无”：`that` 在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中不可省略；在宾语从句中（主句谓语为 think， say， know 等常见动词时）可省略。 例句（主语从句，that 不可省）： That he refused the offer surprised us all. 例句（宾语从句，that 可省）： I believe (that) you can solve the problem. 2. whether 与 if 的“适用场景”：`whether` 的适用范围更广，尤其在主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中，只能用 `whether`。 例句（主语从句）： Whether he will attend the meeting remains unknown. 例句（介词后作宾语）： I'm thinking about whether to accept the invitation. 3. 连接代词/副词的“功能导向”：根据从句缺少的成分选择引导词。若缺主语、宾语、定语，用连接代词（what/which/who 等）；若缺状语（时间、地点、原因、方式），用连接副词（when/where/why/how 等）。 例句（缺宾语，用 what）： What she said at the meeting impressed everyone. 例句（缺状语，用 how）： The teacher explained how we could improve our writing skills. 4. 陈述语序的刚性要求：名词性从句必须用“连接词 + 主语 + 谓语”的陈述语序，不可保留疑问语序。 错误示例： I don‘t know what is he doing. 正确示例： I don’t know what he is doing. 5. 形式主语 it：当主语从句过长时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语从句后置，以保持句子平衡。 It was a great surprise that she won the competition. 6. 课文例句（来源于本单元课文） It was the first time that she had left China. What seemed strange before now appears quite normal to Xie Lei. What surprised Xie Lei was that she found herself speaking up in class after just a few weeks. It is important that Xie Lei keeps a balance between her studies and her social life. My ambition is to set up a business in China after graduation. （表语从句） Another challenge for Xie Lei is the academic requirements. 【牛刀小试】 语法填空 1．Just as I was going downstairs, it struck me I had left the door unlocked. 【答案】that 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：就在我下楼的时候，我突然想起我忘记锁门。it struck me that“我突然想到”，固定句型，it是形式主语，that引导的主语从句是真正的主语，故填that。 2．It is clear regular exercise improves physical health. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：显然，经常锻炼有助于改善身体健康。句中It作形式主语，设空处引导名词性从句作真正主语，从句句意、结构完整，用连接词that引导。故填that。 3． we can solve this problem efficiently is the key to the project’s success. 【答案】How 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们如何有效地解决这个问题是该项目成功的关键。空处引导主语从句，从句主要成份完整，但需要“如何”之意，故用连接副词how作引导词。故填How。 4． he suddenly quit his job without any explanation confused his colleagues. 【答案】Why 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他为什么没有任何解释就突然辞职了，这使他的同事们很困惑。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，由without any explanation可知，句子表示“他为什么没有任何解释就突然辞职了”，空格处意为“为什么”，用why引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Why。 5． we can go on the trip depends on the weather this weekend. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们是否能去旅行取决于这个周末的天气。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中不缺主语或宾语，由depends on the weather可知，句子表示“我们是否能去旅行取决于这个周末的天气”，空格处意为“是否”，用whether引导主语从句，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Whether。 6．There is no doubt hard work leads to success in the long term. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句和固定句型。句意：毫无疑问，从长远来看，努力工作会带来成功。引导同位语从句，从句句意、结构完整，用连接词that引导；There is no doubt that...是固定句型，意为“毫无疑问……”。故填that。 7．Some teachers hold the view students should have more free time to explore their interests. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：一些老师持有这样的观点，即学生应该有更多自由时间去探索他们的兴趣。students should have more free time to explore their interests是对the view内容的具体解释，为同位语从句，且从句结构和意义完整，故用that引导，that在同位语从句中不充当成分，只起连接作用。故填that。 8．The increase in divorce may be partly due to the fact people live longer. 【答案】that 【详解】考查同位语从句。句意：离婚率的上升可能部分是由于人们寿命更长这一事实。分析句子结构可知，空格后的句子“people live longer”是对前面“the fact”的解释说明，为同位语从句；且该从句结构完整，不缺少成分，应用that引导。故填that。 9．He was ill and that was he was absent from school. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：他病了，这就是他缺课的原因。空处引导表语从句，从句缺少原因状语，需用连接副词why引导。故填why。 10．She always stays calm in emergencies; that is she has received professional training for years. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：她在紧急情况下总是保持冷静，那是因为她接受了多年的专业训练。此处为连接词引导表语从句；结合句意，“接受多年专业训练”是“在紧急情况下保持冷静”的原因，因此应用because引导表语从句，强调原因。故填because。 考点四：Unit2 Bridging Cultures 写作：议论文（出国留学利与弊） 【考点精讲】 本单元的写作任务是写一篇议论文，阐述你对“出国留学”利弊的观点。 一、议论文经典结构（四段式） 1. 引言段：点明主题，陈述不同观点，亮出自己的论点。 2. 主体段1（利）：分论点1 + 分论点2 + 论据（具体化）。 3. 主体段2（弊）：分论点1 + 分论点2 + 论据（具体化）。 4. 结尾段：总结观点，升华主题（通常采用折衷观点，强调“理性选择”）。 二、议论文常用衔接词（Connectors） 引出观点（giving opinion）： In my opinion， Personally， As far as I‘m concerned， I firmly believe that... 列举理由（listing points）： To begin with， What’s more， Furthermore， Besides， In addition 举例说明（giving examples）： For example， For instance， such as 对比转折（contrasting）： However， On the other hand， In contrast， Nevertheless 表因果（cause & effect）： Therefore， As a result， Consequently， Thus 总结归纳（summarizing）： In conclusion， To sum up， All in all 三、实用句型 There has been a dramatic increase in the number of people studying abroad. On the one hand, ... On the other hand, ... The most important factor to consider is whether... While studying abroad has its disadvantages, the advantages outweigh them. 四、论点参考（Topic Bank） 优势（Advantages） 劣势（Disadvantages） 拓宽国际视野（broaden one's horizons/global perspective） 经济压力巨大（financial pressure/tuition fees cost an arm and a leg） 提升语言能力（improve language skills/be exposed to authentic English） 文化冲击与孤独感（culture shock/homesickness/loneliness） 培养独立人格（develop independence/personal growth） 学业压力与适应困难（academic pressure/new surroundings） 增加就业竞争力（increase job competitiveness/career opportunities） 人身安全隐患（safety concerns） 五、参考范文 Studying Abroad: A Double-Edged Sword In recent years, there has been a significant boom in the number of students choosing to study abroad. While some believe it is a life-changing opportunity, others argue it comes with too many risks. As far as I am concerned, studying abroad offers great benefits, but students must weigh them against the challenges. （引言段——亮出观点） On the positive side, studying abroad serves as a powerful catalyst for personal growth. Students who study overseas are often exposed to diverse cultures, which can broaden their horizons and enhance their cross-cultural communication skills. Furthermore, living alone in a foreign country forces them to become more independent and self-reliant. （主体段——分析“利”） However, the disadvantages cannot be ignored. To begin with, studying abroad can cost an arm and a leg, placing tremendous financial pressure on families. Moreover, young students may struggle with culture shock and homesickness. Being in unfamiliar surroundings, they might find it hard to adapt to different teaching methods, which could lead to depression and poor academic performance. （主体段——分析“弊”） In conclusion, studying abroad is a double-edged sword. While it provides a platform for students to gain a global perspective, it also poses significant challenges. Therefore, students should make a sensible decision based on their own personality and family financial situation. （结尾段——总结并升华主题，强调理性选择） 【牛刀小试】 目前，越来越多的中学生使用电子词典笔来学英语。最近，你班同学就“Should students use electronic dictionary pens?”这一话题进行了讨论，大家对此看法不一。请你根据提示，用英语写一篇短文，介绍此次的讨论情况并表明自己的观点，内容包括： 1、赞成(40%)的理由：1. 电子词典笔便于携带；2. 查单词容易；3. 功能多：可以练习听力。 2、反对(60%)的理由：1. 单词释义少；2. 容易产生依赖性，不再下功夫记单词。 注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】普通范文 Nowadays, more and more middle school students use the electronic dictionary pen to learn English. Our class had a discussion on whether we should use it. 40% of the students think it is necessary. They think the pen is easy to carry and it is easy to look up words using it. Besides, it can help us correct pronunciation and practice listening. However, 60% hold a different view. They think that the electronic dictionary pen has a small vocabulary and fewer explanations of words. Furthermore, we may rely on it and not make efforts to memorize words. I’m in favor of learning English with the help of a dictionary pen because we can study English more conveniently by using it.高级范文 Given the electronic dictionary pen is used by a growing number of middle school students, we had a debate on whether students should use it. 40% support the idea of using it. First, it’s easy to carry, which brings convenience to our English learning. Second, it’s faster to get the meaning by scanning a word. Last but not least, more functions are available, allowing us to make our pronunciation more precise and raise our listening level. The remaining 60% hold the belief that we shouldn’t use it, claiming that its limited vocabulary lessens what we can achieve. Meanwhile, a shortage of specific explanations leads to a lack of understanding. What’s worse, we may become too dependent when it comes to memorizing new words. Personally, I think using electronic dictionary pens should be allowed, which will help us learn English more conveniently. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文。要求考生就班上同学进行的“Should students use electronic dictionary pens?”这一话题的讨论，介绍此次的讨论情况并表明自己的观点。 【详解】以普通范文为例 1.词汇积累 认为：think→reckon 此外：besides→what’s more 观点：view→opinion 在……的帮助下：with the help of→with the assistance of 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：They think the pen is easy to carry and it is easy to look up words using it. 拓展句：They think the pen is easy to carry, with the use of which it is easy to look up words. 【点睛】【高分句型1】They think that the electronic dictionary pen has a small vocabulary and fewer explanations of words.（运用了that引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】I’m in favor of learning English with the help of a dictionary pen because we can study English more conveniently by using it.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句） 一、单句语法填空 1. Without any ________ (qualify), he was rejected by the company immediately. 2. She is an ________ (ambition) woman who is determined to make a name for herself. 3. After a month, the new student gradually made a successful ________ (adapt) to the school life. 4. The old photo brought me a sense of ________ (comfortable) whenever I looked at it. 5. Everyone is supposed to be an active ________ (participate) in the class discussion. 【答案】 1. qualification 2. ambitious 3. adaptation 4. comfort 5. participant 二、完成句子 1．我们是否去爬山要看天气而定。 depends on the weather. 【答案】 Whether we will go climbing 【详解】考查主语从句。结合句意表示“是否”用whether，引导主语从句；主语为we；表示“爬山”短语为go climbing，表示将来的动作用一般将来时，句首单词首字母大写。故填Whether we will go climbing。 2．他所被记住的是他的幽默风格。 is his humorous style. 【答案】 What he is remembered for 【详解】考查主语从句和固定短语。根据句意，此处需要一个主语从句表达“他所被记得的（事情）”，“因……被记住”用固定短语“be remembered for”。主语从句中缺少宾语，指的是事情，用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写，从句主语为he，结合语境用一般现在时的被动语态，be动词为is。故填①What②he③is④remembered⑤for。 3． is still a puzzle. 那个迷路的孩子去了哪里仍然是个谜。 【答案】Wherever the lost child went 【详解】考查主语从句的引导词及语序。 根据汉语提示 “那个迷路的孩子去了哪里”，可知空处需填主语从句。引导词“哪里”用where，从句需用陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语）。“迷路的孩子”译为 “the lost child”，“去了哪里” 为过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，谓语动词go的过去式为went。故填Where the lost child went。 4．毫无疑问，这个男孩正是我们要找的人。 the boy is just the one we are looking for. 【答案】There is no doubt that 【详解】考查同位语从句和固定句式。结合句意及is可知此处使用一般现在时，设空处表示“毫无疑问”，且后面为一个完整的句子，可用固定句式there is no doubt that…，that引导同位语从句，解释说明名词doubt的内容，设空处位于句首there需要首字母大写。故填There is no doubt that。 5．他不努力工作的事实大家都知道。 The fact is known to us all. 【答案】that he doesn't work hard 【详解】考查同位语从句。表示“……的事实”，名词fact后应该用同位语从句，对fact的内容进行解释说明，“他不努力工作”翻译为he doesn't work hard，从句意义完整，不缺成分，应该用连词that引导。故填that he doesn't work hard。 6．I didn’t phone her, and she got angry with me. 我没有给她打电话。那就是她对我生气的原因。 【答案】that’s why 【详解】考查固定句型。空处是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，“那就是……的原因”使用固定句型that’s why，why引导表语从句。故填that’s why。 7．I guess . 我猜这就是为什么她能每天吸引那么多的游客前来吧。 【答案】that’s why she attracts so many visitors every day 【详解】考查固定句型。“这就是为什么……”使用固定句型that’s why...，why引导表语从句，“吸引”使用动词attract，“那么多游客”译为so many visitors，“每天”使用固定短语every day，句子使用一般现在时。故填that’s why she attracts so many visitors every day。 8．The question is . 问题是我们应当相信谁。 【答案】who/whom we should trust 【详解】考查表语从句。空处表示“我们应当相信谁”，位于be动词后，是表语从句，“应当”使用情态动词should，后接动词原形，“相信”使用动词trust，引导词在从句中作宾语，表示“谁”使用连接代词who/whom引导，故填who/whom we should trust。 9．我猜他不会来参加聚会。 I don't suppose . 【答案】he will come to the party 【详解】考查宾语从句。“suppose” 后接宾语从句时，否定常转移到主句，即 “我猜他不会……” 表达为 “I don't suppose he will...”；“来参加聚会” 译为 “come to the party”，根据语境，此处表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时。故填 he will come to the party。 10．He showed me yesterday. 他让我看他昨天买的东西了。 【答案】what he bought 【详解】考查宾语从句和时态。空处需填“他购买的东西”，可处理为宾语从句，作show的直接宾语；从句主语是he，谓语动词“买”表达为buy，结合时间状语yesterday可知，从句应用一般过去时，从句缺宾语，且指代事物，应用连接代词what作引导词。故填what he bought。 三、阅读理解 As a middle school adviser, I know firsthand how unkind kids can be to each other — but today, I saw something that reminded me just how friendly they really are. It was “College Day” at our school, when students wear gear from colleges and universities, which were designed according to their height and weight. And we focus on the importance of pursuing education after high school. At lunch, we hosted a fun question-and-answer activity with buzzers (蜂鸣抢答器), prizes, and questions about education funds, on-the-job training programs, and post-secondary options. Six students came up at a time to play. During one round, two of the students who participated were from our specialized classroom. These students are amazing — strong-minded, determined, and full of heart. As the game began, I got ready to step in if they needed support or if they felt left out. The first question went to one of the general education students. Then, on the second question, Frank, one of our students from the specialized class, rang in first. Before I could even help, a few classmates quietly came up behind him and whispered the answer in his ear. He repeated it with excitement, and when I announced it was correct, the crowd erupted in cheers — louder than I’d heard all day. It happened again with the next question. This time, the crowd began cheering Frank’s name, and he lit up with pride. More students from the class were invited up to play, and the cheering only grew louder. The whole room was filled with delight — students supporting one another, showing joy, unity, and genuine kindness. We often talk about the challenges this generation faces, but I saw something powerful today. These kids are good. They’re tender-hearted. They lift each other up. And in that moment, they reminded me that the future is in very good hands. 1．What does the word “gear” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Caps. B．Glasses. C．watches. D．Uniforms. 2．What did the author do at the beginning of the game? A．He prepared to ring the buzzer first. B．He announced the answer instantly. C．He planned to assist students in need. D．He left students behind without hesitation. 3．What made Frank proud? A．His kindness to others. B．Peers’ praise and shouts. C．His confidence in himself. D．Peers’ support and cheers. 4．What message does the text convey about the kids? A．They are ambitious. B．They are stressful. C．They are hopeful. D．They are grateful. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在学校“大学日”活动中看到学生们互相支持、展现善意的故事。 1．词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It was “College Day” at our school, when students wear gear from colleges and universities, which were designed according to their height and weight.(那天是我们学校的“大学日”，学生们会穿上根据身高和体重量身定制的各所学院和大学的gear)”可知，因为制服通常是根据人的身高和体重来设计的，所以学生穿的是制服，所以gear指的是“制服”。故选D。 2．细节理解题。 根据第三段中“As the game began, I got ready to step in if they needed support or if they felt left out.(游戏开始时，我准备好在他们需要支持或感到被冷落时介入)”可知，作者在游戏开始时准备帮助需要支持或感到被冷落的学生。故选C。 3．细节理解题。 根据第五段中“This time, the crowd began cheering Frank’s name, and he lit up with pride.(这一次，人群开始为弗兰克欢呼，他骄傲地笑了)”可知，是同伴的支持和欢呼让弗兰克感到骄傲。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。 根据最后一段中“We often talk about the challenges this generation faces, but I saw something powerful today. These kids are good. They’re tender-hearted. They lift each other up. And in that moment, they reminded me that the future is in very good hands.(我们经常谈论这一代人面临的挑战，但今天我看到了强大的力量。这些孩子很好。他们心地善良。他们互相扶持。在那一刻，他们让我明白，未来大有希望)”可知，文章主要讲述了在“大学日”活动中，学生们互相支持、鼓励，展现了他们的善良和团结，作者认为这些孩子让未来大有希望。故选C。 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $