专题01 Unit 1 Science and Scientists（暑假预习讲义）新高二英语人教版

专题01 Unit1 Science and Scientists 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit1 Science and Scientists 核心词汇梳理 考点二 Unit1 Science and Scientists 重点词组搭配 考点三 Unit1 Science and Scientists 语法解析梳理（表语从句） 考点四 Unit1 Science and Scientists 写作：简单介绍人物的生平 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit1 Science and Scientists核心词汇梳理 【考点精讲】 1. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 例句： The country is facing a severe economic crisis. 派生： severely adv. 严重地；严厉地 搭配： severe winter 严冬；severe punishment 严厉惩罚 2. contradictory /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri/ adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的 例句： The two reports are completely contradictory. 词源： contra- (反对) + dict (说) + -ory (形容词后缀) → 反着说 → 矛盾的 拓展： contradict v. 反驳；与……矛盾；contradiction n. 矛盾 3. subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ vi. 同意；赞同；认购；订阅 搭配： subscribe to 同意；订阅 例句： I firmly subscribe to the view that honesty is the best policy. (高考例句) 词源： sub- (在下面) + scribe (写) → 在下面写上名字 → 订阅/同意 4. suspect /səˈspekt/ vt. 怀疑；疑有 /ˈsʌspekt/ n. 犯罪嫌疑人 搭配： suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人做某事 例句： The police suspected him of stealing the jewels. 辨析： doubt 多指“怀疑……不是真的”，而 suspect 多指“怀疑……是真实的/存在的”。 I doubt if he will come. (怀疑他不会来) I suspect that he is ill. (猜测他可能病了) 5. blame /bleɪm/ vt. 把……归咎于；责备 n. 责备 搭配： blame sb./sth. for sth. 因某事责备某人/某物 be to blame (for sth.) 对(某事)负有责任 (主动表被动) 例句： The driver was to blame for the accident. 高考链接： (2020·全国卷) Which driver is to blame for the accident? 6. link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来 搭配： link A to/with B 将A与B连接/联系起来 例句： There's a direct link between diet and heart disease. 近义词： connect, join, relate 7. decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ vi.&vt. (使)减少，降低 /ˈdiːkriːs/ n. 减少 反义词： increase 搭配： decrease (from ...) to ... (从……)减少到…… 例句： The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year. 8. transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 使改观；使改变形态 搭配： transform A into B 把A变成B 例句： A fresh coat of paint can transform a room. 派生： transformation n. 改观；转变 【牛刀小试】 根据提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. The weather was s________, causing the event to be canceled. 2. He was the main ________ (嫌疑犯) in the robbery case. 3. The new president promised to ________ (改变) the country's economy. 4. I don't ________ (同意) to the view that money is everything. 5. The ________ (联系) between the two countries has been strengthened. 考点二：Unit1 Science and Scientists 重点词组搭配 【考点精讲】 1. once and for all 最终地；彻底地 例句： We need to resolve this issue once and for all. 解析： 强调将问题彻底解决，一劳永逸。 2. attend to 照顾；照料；处理 例句： A nurse attended to his wounds. 解析： 注意这个词组侧重于“处理、专心照料”，是正式用语。 3. break out (战争、火灾、疾病等) 突然爆发 例句： A fire broke out in the chemical plant last night. 解析： 该词组为不及物动词词组，无被动语态，主语多为灾难性、负面的事件。 4. in charge of 主管；掌管 例句： Who is in charge of the marketing department? 辨析： in charge of：主语是“负责人”，主动掌管某事物。 in the charge of：主语是被负责人，事物由某人掌管。例: The patient is in the charge of Dr. Smith. 5. thanks to 幸亏；由于 例句： Thanks to your help, we finished on time. 辨析： thanks to：多用于表示正面原因，意为“多亏了”。 because of / due to / owing to：中性或客观原因。 6. come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) 例句： I think I'm coming down with a cold. 7. above all 最重要的是；尤其是 例句： Above all, stay curious and never stop learning. 辨析： `above all` > `especially` > `specially`。`above all` 强调重要性上的“首要”。 【牛刀小试】 用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。 once and for all attend to break out thanks to above all 1. World War II ________ in 1939. 2. We must finish this job ________. 3. ________ your encouragement, I succeeded in the end. 4. The manager is busy ________ some urgent business. 5. ________, you should be responsible for your own actions. 考点三：Unit1 Science and Scientists 语法解析梳理（表语从句） 【考点精讲】 一、定义 在复合句中，充当表语成分的句子叫作表语从句。它位于系动词（如 be, seem, look, remain, appear 等）之后，用以说明主语的身份、特征、状态或内容。 二、引导词 1. 连词 that, whether (不作成分，that 无实义，whether 意为“是否”) The fact is that we have lost the game. The question is whether he will attend the meeting. (不用 if) 2. 连接代词 who, what, which, whoever, whatever 等 (在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语) That is what I want to tell you. (what 作 tell 的宾语) The problem is who can help us. 3. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等 (在从句中作状语) That is why he was late. This is where I live. 三、预习重点 1. 表语从句与主语从句的区别：主语从句是句子的主语，表语从句跟在系动词后。 What he said is not true. (主语从句) This is what he said. (表语从句) 2. reason 作主语时，表语从句用 that 不用 because。 ✅ The reason for his absence was that he was ill. ❌ The reason was because he was ill. 3. “It looks / seems as if...” 句型。 It looks as if it's going to rain. 四、课文例句（选择性必修二 P3） One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 【牛刀小试】 一、选择填空。 1．Lily overslept this morning. That is she was late for work. 2．Something else I’d like to know is house was broken into. 3．Though Jack is only twelve years old, he knows a lot. This is he spends a lot of time reading books. 4．About seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. That’s it looks blue from space. 5．The question is we should go on with the work. 二、单句语法填空 1．Lily overslept this morning. That is she was late for work. 2．Something else I’d like to know is house was broken into. 3．Though Jack is only twelve years old, he knows a lot. This is he spends a lot of time reading books. 4．About seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. That’s it looks blue from space. 5．The question is we should go on with the work. 考点四：Unit1 Science and Scientists 写作：简单介绍人物的生平 【考点精讲】 主题：简单介绍人物的生平 写作框架： 第一部分 引出人物并作简要信息的介绍 第二部分 主要的经历和贡献 第三部分 影响以及他人的评价。 写作常用表达： 1. You said in your last letter that ... 你在上一封信中说...... 2. Knowing from your letter that...从你的来信中得知...... 3. You have asked for my advice with regard to...您向我咨询了有关......方面的意见。 4. I am writing to try to make some suggestions on...我写这封信是想就......提出一些建议。 5. I am writing to express my views concerning...我写此信是为了表达我对......的看法。 7. I would like to suggest that...我想提出以下建议...... 8. There are several things we could do.我们可以做几件事。 9. Maybe it would be better to... 或许这样做会更好...... 10. Why don’t you ...?你为什么不......？ 11. Have you considered doing...? 你有没有考虑过做......？ 12. I hope you will find these suggestions practical/useful/helpful.我希望您会觉得这些建议切实可行、有用且有益。 写作句型： 【第一段】引出人物并作简要信息的介绍 ①我最钦佩的人是…… The person（that) I admire most is ... ②在所有杰出人物中，我最钦佩的是…… Of all the outstanding people, I admire ... ③我们周围有很多值得尊敬的人。我最钦佩的人是…… There are many respectable people around us. The one who I admire most is... ④某人出生于某地/某年某月 sb. was born in 某地/某年某月 ⑤对（做某事）表现出极大的兴趣、对某事有强烈的爱好 show great interest in (doing) sth/have a passion for sth. ⑥在（做某事）方面有天赋、在（做某事）方面有才能 be gifted in (doing) sth./have a gift for (doing)sth. ⑦毕业于+学校+专业 graduate from +学校 in+专业 【第二段】主要的经历和贡献 1 担任/ 履行……身份 work as/ serve as+身份 2 某人将…… 投入到（进行）某事中 sb. devote ... to(doing) sth. 3 在某事中发挥关键作用 play a key role in sth. 4 强烈的意志/ 决心 strong will/ determination 5 为（做）某事做出贡献 make a contribution to (doing) sth. 6 使某人能够做某事 enable sb. to do sth. 【第三段】影响以及启示 ①为某人赢得良好的声誉。 gain/ win a good fame for sb. ② 赞扬/高度评价…… speak/think highly of ... ③ 获得某物/被称为…… be awarded sth./be called ... ④ 因……而闻名/出名 be well known/ famous for ... ⑤ 为某人树立好榜样 set a good example to sb. ⑥令人钦佩并值得尊重 deserve our admiration and respect 写作模板： Born in_________________(出生地),_________________(人物)was/is_________________(职业或头衔). When he/she was young,_________________(事件). In_________________(时间),(事件). From_________________(时间) to_________________(时间),he/she_________________(事件或经历). He/She made a great contribution to_________________(成就). （2020年全国I卷）你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以我最尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1. 人物简介； 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意：词数100左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【牛刀小试】 1．（24-25高二上·广西桂林·阶段练习）你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请你以“A role model to learn from”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1. 介绍你的榜样的品质及其成就； 2. 说明你的榜样对你的影响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A role model to learn from ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、单句语法填空 1. She was ________ (severe) injured in the car accident. 2. He is a person full of ________ (contradict) views. 3. All of us ________ (blame) for the failure of the experiment. 4. The scientists are trying to find a ________ (solve) to the problem of water shortage. 5. The reason for his success is ________ he always works hard. 二、语法填空 Chinese tech giant Huawei has launched its Mate XT Ultimate Design smartphone, 1 folding phone that can transform into a 10.2-inch tablet. 2 (describe) by Huawei as “the first-ever commercial triple (三倍的) foldable phone”, the main innovation of the new model is a flexible OLED touchscreen 3 is able to open or close in two directions. When fully unfolded, the screen delivers 4 the brand called “cinema-level viewing” with a screen ratio (比率) of 16 by 11. The device switches 5 (automatic) between single, double and three screen modes as the screen unfolds. To achieve the novel technical goal of a three-fold screen, Huawei developed a joint system that uses two tracks 6 (work) together to enable both inward and outward folds. An integrated connecting pole and slide rail structure help to reduce the overall 7 (thick) of the joint and therefore the phone itself, which 8 (measure) 12.8 millimeters when folded. Huawei 9 (choose) to launch the device just a few hours after US firm Apple presented the iPhone 16 lineup. Huawei Technologies Co. was founded in 1987 and is now one of the world’s largest telecommunications 10 (firm), operating as a network carrier as well as a producer of its own products and devices for other brands. 三、英汉互译 11. 通过他的不懈努力，疫情终于被彻底控制了。(once and for all) 12. 正是因为他怀疑水泵是污染源，他才拯救了许多生命。(the reason why...) 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 Unit1 Science and Scientists 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit1 Science and Scientists 核心词汇梳理 考点二 Unit1 Science and Scientists 重点词组搭配 考点三 Unit1 Science and Scientists 语法解析梳理（表语从句） 考点四 Unit1 Science and Scientists 写作：简单介绍人物的生平 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit1 Science and Scientists核心词汇梳理 【考点精讲】 1. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ adj. 极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 例句： The country is facing a severe economic crisis. 派生： severely adv. 严重地；严厉地 搭配： severe winter 严冬；severe punishment 严厉惩罚 2. contradictory /ˌkɒntrəˈdɪktəri/ adj. 相互矛盾的；对立的 例句： The two reports are completely contradictory. 词源： contra- (反对) + dict (说) + -ory (形容词后缀) → 反着说 → 矛盾的 拓展： contradict v. 反驳；与……矛盾；contradiction n. 矛盾 3. subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/ vi. 同意；赞同；认购；订阅 搭配： subscribe to 同意；订阅 例句： I firmly subscribe to the view that honesty is the best policy. (高考例句) 词源： sub- (在下面) + scribe (写) → 在下面写上名字 → 订阅/同意 4. suspect /səˈspekt/ vt. 怀疑；疑有 /ˈsʌspekt/ n. 犯罪嫌疑人 搭配： suspect sb. of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人做某事 例句： The police suspected him of stealing the jewels. 辨析： doubt 多指“怀疑……不是真的”，而 suspect 多指“怀疑……是真实的/存在的”。 I doubt if he will come. (怀疑他不会来) I suspect that he is ill. (猜测他可能病了) 5. blame /bleɪm/ vt. 把……归咎于；责备 n. 责备 搭配： blame sb./sth. for sth. 因某事责备某人/某物 be to blame (for sth.) 对(某事)负有责任 (主动表被动) 例句： The driver was to blame for the accident. 高考链接： (2020·全国卷) Which driver is to blame for the accident? 6. link /lɪŋk/ n. 联系；纽带 vt. 把……连接起来 搭配： link A to/with B 将A与B连接/联系起来 例句： There's a direct link between diet and heart disease. 近义词： connect, join, relate 7. decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ vi.&vt. (使)减少，降低 /ˈdiːkriːs/ n. 减少 反义词： increase 搭配： decrease (from ...) to ... (从……)减少到…… 例句： The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year. 8. transform /trænsˈfɔːm/ vt. 使改观；使改变形态 搭配： transform A into B 把A变成B 例句： A fresh coat of paint can transform a room. 派生： transformation n. 改观；转变 【牛刀小试】 根据提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. The weather was s________, causing the event to be canceled. 2. He was the main ________ (嫌疑犯) in the robbery case. 3. The new president promised to ________ (改变) the country's economy. 4. I don't ________ (同意) to the view that money is everything. 5. The ________ (联系) between the two countries has been strengthened. 【答案与解析】 1. severe：根据句意“天气严寒/恶劣”及首字母提示可知填severe。 2. suspect：根据中文提示“嫌疑犯”及冠词“the main”可知填名词suspect。 3. transform：promise to do sth.，故用动词原形。 4. subscribe：subscribe to 意为“同意”，don't后跟动词原形。 5. link/connection：句意“两国之间的联系”，填名词。 考点二：Unit1 Science and Scientists 重点词组搭配 【考点精讲】 1. once and for all 最终地；彻底地 例句： We need to resolve this issue once and for all. 解析： 强调将问题彻底解决，一劳永逸。 2. attend to 照顾；照料；处理 例句： A nurse attended to his wounds. 解析： 注意这个词组侧重于“处理、专心照料”，是正式用语。 3. break out (战争、火灾、疾病等) 突然爆发 例句： A fire broke out in the chemical plant last night. 解析： 该词组为不及物动词词组，无被动语态，主语多为灾难性、负面的事件。 4. in charge of 主管；掌管 例句： Who is in charge of the marketing department? 辨析： in charge of：主语是“负责人”，主动掌管某事物。 in the charge of：主语是被负责人，事物由某人掌管。例: The patient is in the charge of Dr. Smith. 5. thanks to 幸亏；由于 例句： Thanks to your help, we finished on time. 辨析： thanks to：多用于表示正面原因，意为“多亏了”。 because of / due to / owing to：中性或客观原因。 6. come down with 患(病)；染上(小病) 例句： I think I'm coming down with a cold. 7. above all 最重要的是；尤其是 例句： Above all, stay curious and never stop learning. 辨析： `above all` > `especially` > `specially`。`above all` 强调重要性上的“首要”。 【牛刀小试】 用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。 once and for all attend to break out thanks to above all 1. World War II ________ in 1939. 2. We must finish this job ________. 3. ________ your encouragement, I succeeded in the end. 4. The manager is busy ________ some urgent business. 5. ________, you should be responsible for your own actions. 【答案与解析】 1. broke out：描述二战爆发，用一般过去时。 2. once and for all：意为“彻底地”，强调工作的终结性。 3. Thanks to：根据句意“多亏了你的鼓励”，表正面原因。 4. attending to：be busy doing sth.，忙于处理紧急事务。 5. Above all：上下文强调“首要的是”，符合逻辑。 考点三：Unit1 Science and Scientists 语法解析梳理（表语从句） 【考点精讲】 一、定义 在复合句中，充当表语成分的句子叫作表语从句。它位于系动词（如 be, seem, look, remain, appear 等）之后，用以说明主语的身份、特征、状态或内容。 二、引导词 1. 连词 that, whether (不作成分，that 无实义，whether 意为“是否”) The fact is that we have lost the game. The question is whether he will attend the meeting. (不用 if) 2. 连接代词 who, what, which, whoever, whatever 等 (在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语) That is what I want to tell you. (what 作 tell 的宾语) The problem is who can help us. 3. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等 (在从句中作状语) That is why he was late. This is where I live. 三、预习重点 1. 表语从句与主语从句的区别：主语从句是句子的主语，表语从句跟在系动词后。 What he said is not true. (主语从句) This is what he said. (表语从句) 2. reason 作主语时，表语从句用 that 不用 because。 ✅ The reason for his absence was that he was ill. ❌ The reason was because he was ill. 3. “It looks / seems as if...” 句型。 It looks as if it's going to rain. 四、课文例句（选择性必修二 P3） One theory was that bad air caused the disease. Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water. The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. 【牛刀小试】 一、选择填空。 1．Lily overslept this morning. That is she was late for work. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：莉莉今早睡过头了。那就是她上班迟到的原因。设空处引导的是表语从句，此处表示“为什么”用why。故填why。 2．Something else I’d like to know is house was broken into. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我还想知道谁的房子被破门而入了。分析句子可知，句子为表语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中缺少定语，表示“谁的”，故应用“whose”引导从句。故填whose。 3．Though Jack is only twelve years old, he knows a lot. This is he spends a lot of time reading books. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：虽然杰克只有十二岁，但他知道很多。这是因为他花了很多时间读书。前一句表明“杰克虽年纪小但知道很多”这一结果，后一句说明原因，用从属连词because引导表语从句。故填because。 4．About seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. That’s it looks blue from space. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：大约71%的地球表面被水覆盖。这就是为什么从太空看它是蓝色的。空处引导名词性从句作表语，前一句是“从太空看地球是蓝色的”的原因，空处需表达“为什么，为何”，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填why。 5．The question is we should go on with the work. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：问题是我们是否应该继续这项工作。is”后面接的是表语从句，根据语境，此处表达对“是否”继续工作存在疑问，在表语从句中，表达 “是否” 的含义常用 whether 引导，if 虽也有“是否”之意，但一般不引导表语从句。故填whether。 二、单句语法填空 1．Lily overslept this morning. That is she was late for work. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：莉莉今早睡过头了。那就是她上班迟到的原因。设空处引导的是表语从句，此处表示“为什么”用why。故填why。 2．Something else I’d like to know is house was broken into. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：我还想知道谁的房子被破门而入了。分析句子可知，句子为表语从句，空格处单词引导从句，从句中缺少定语，表示“谁的”，故应用“whose”引导从句。故填whose。 3．Though Jack is only twelve years old, he knows a lot. This is he spends a lot of time reading books. 【答案】because 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：虽然杰克只有十二岁，但他知道很多。这是因为他花了很多时间读书。前一句表明“杰克虽年纪小但知道很多”这一结果，后一句说明原因，用从属连词because引导表语从句。故填because。 4．About seventy-one percent of the earth’s surface is covered by water. That’s it looks blue from space. 【答案】why 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：大约71%的地球表面被水覆盖。这就是为什么从太空看它是蓝色的。空处引导名词性从句作表语，前一句是“从太空看地球是蓝色的”的原因，空处需表达“为什么，为何”，应用连接副词why作引导词。故填why。 5．The question is we should go on with the work. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查表语从句连接词。句意：问题是我们是否应该继续这项工作。is”后面接的是表语从句，根据语境，此处表达对“是否”继续工作存在疑问，在表语从句中，表达 “是否” 的含义常用 whether 引导，if 虽也有“是否”之意，但一般不引导表语从句。故填whether。 考点四：Unit1 Science and Scientists 写作：简单介绍人物的生平 【考点精讲】 主题：简单介绍人物的生平 写作框架： 第一部分 引出人物并作简要信息的介绍 第二部分 主要的经历和贡献 第三部分 影响以及他人的评价。 写作常用表达： 1. You said in your last letter that ... 你在上一封信中说...... 2. Knowing from your letter that...从你的来信中得知...... 3. You have asked for my advice with regard to...您向我咨询了有关......方面的意见。 4. I am writing to try to make some suggestions on...我写这封信是想就......提出一些建议。 5. I am writing to express my views concerning...我写此信是为了表达我对......的看法。 7. I would like to suggest that...我想提出以下建议...... 8. There are several things we could do.我们可以做几件事。 9. Maybe it would be better to... 或许这样做会更好...... 10. Why don’t you ...?你为什么不......？ 11. Have you considered doing...? 你有没有考虑过做......？ 12. I hope you will find these suggestions practical/useful/helpful.我希望您会觉得这些建议切实可行、有用且有益。 写作句型： 【第一段】引出人物并作简要信息的介绍 ①我最钦佩的人是…… The person（that) I admire most is ... ②在所有杰出人物中，我最钦佩的是…… Of all the outstanding people, I admire ... ③我们周围有很多值得尊敬的人。我最钦佩的人是…… There are many respectable people around us. The one who I admire most is... ④某人出生于某地/某年某月 sb. was born in 某地/某年某月 ⑤对（做某事）表现出极大的兴趣、对某事有强烈的爱好 show great interest in (doing) sth/have a passion for sth. ⑥在（做某事）方面有天赋、在（做某事）方面有才能 be gifted in (doing) sth./have a gift for (doing)sth. ⑦毕业于+学校+专业 graduate from +学校 in+专业 【第二段】主要的经历和贡献 1 担任/ 履行……身份 work as/ serve as+身份 2 某人将…… 投入到（进行）某事中 sb. devote ... to(doing) sth. 3 在某事中发挥关键作用 play a key role in sth. 4 强烈的意志/ 决心 strong will/ determination 5 为（做）某事做出贡献 make a contribution to (doing) sth. 6 使某人能够做某事 enable sb. to do sth. 【第三段】影响以及启示 ①为某人赢得良好的声誉。 gain/ win a good fame for sb. ② 赞扬/高度评价…… speak/think highly of ... ③ 获得某物/被称为…… be awarded sth./be called ... ④ 因……而闻名/出名 be well known/ famous for ... ⑤ 为某人树立好榜样 set a good example to sb. ⑥令人钦佩并值得尊重 deserve our admiration and respect 写作模板： Born in_________________(出生地),_________________(人物)was/is_________________(职业或头衔). When he/she was young,_________________(事件). In_________________(时间),(事件). From_________________(时间) to_________________(时间),he/she_________________(事件或经历). He/She made a great contribution to_________________(成就). （2020年全国I卷）你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以我最尊敬和爱戴的人为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1. 人物简介； 2. 尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意：词数100左右。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【范文】 The Person I Respect and Admire Most The person I respect and admire most is Stephen Hawking. He is a world-famous physicist. Born in 1942, he made great contributions to the study of black holes and the theory of the universe despite his serious illness. I respect him because of his indomitable will. Despite being severely physically disabled, he never gave up his pursuit of scientific truth. He continued to explore the mysteries of the universe with his brilliant mind. His scientific achievements are remarkable and his positive attitude towards life in the face of great difficulties is an inspiration to all of us. It shows that no matter how tough the situation is, one can still shine brightly. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生参加学校组织的英语作文比赛，简要介绍自己最尊敬和爱戴的人，并具体阐述背后的原因。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 放弃：give up→quit, abandon 成就：achievement→accomplishment, attainment 非凡的：remarkable→extraordinary, exceptional 表明：show→indicate, demonstrate 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I respect him because of his indomitable will. 拓展句：I respect him because he had an indomitable will. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Despite being severely physically disabled, he never gave up his pursuit of scientific truth. (运用了动名词作宾语) [高分句型2] It shows that no matter how tough the situation is, one can still shine brightly. (运用了that引导宾语从句、no matter how引导让步状语从句) 【牛刀小试】 1．（24-25高二上·广西桂林·阶段练习）你校正在组织英语作文比赛，请你以“A role model to learn from”为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 1. 介绍你的榜样的品质及其成就； 2. 说明你的榜样对你的影响。 注意： 1. 写作词数应为 80个左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A role model to learn from ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 A role model to learn from A role model for me to learn from is Tu Youyou, a researcher in medicine, who has a positive influence on my growth. I read about her winning the Nobel Prize in a magazine, which was inspiring to me. What impressed me most was that she and the team examined over 2000 old medical texts and 280, 000 plants. Having failed numerous times, they finally succeeded. Later, they even tested on themselves to make sure of safety! I am so moved by her scientific spirit that I am determined to brave the challenges and try different ways to solve my problems. I learn from her that only with devotion and persistence can I overcome difficulties and make a contribution to the society. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生以“A role model to learn from”为题，写一篇短文参赛。 【详解】1.词汇积累 影响：influence →effect 大量的：numerous →plenty of 感动：move →touch 决心做某事：be determined to → make up one’s mind 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Later, they even tested on themselves to make sure of safety! 拓展句：Later, what is astonishing is that they even tested on themselves to make sure of safety! 【点睛】[高分句型1] I read about her winning the Nobel Prize in a magazine, which was inspiring to me. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] I am so moved by her scientific spirit that I am determined to brave the challenges and try different ways to solve my problems. (运用了so…that…引导的结果状语从句) 一、单句语法填空 1. She was ________ (severe) injured in the car accident. 2. He is a person full of ________ (contradict) views. 3. All of us ________ (blame) for the failure of the experiment. 4. The scientists are trying to find a ________ (solve) to the problem of water shortage. 5. The reason for his success is ________ he always works hard. 【答案】 1. severely 2. contradictory 3. are to blame 4. solution 5. that 【解析】 1. severely：修饰动词 injured，应用副词形式。 2. contradictory：修饰名词 views，应用形容词形式，意为“矛盾的”。 3. are to blame：`be to blame` 为固定搭配，主动表被动，意为“应受责备”。 4. solution：冠词 a 后接名词，`a solution to ...` 意为“……的解决方案”。 5. that：`The reason is that...` 为固定句式，表语从句由 that 引导。 二、语法填空 Chinese tech giant Huawei has launched its Mate XT Ultimate Design smartphone, 1 folding phone that can transform into a 10.2-inch tablet. 2 (describe) by Huawei as “the first-ever commercial triple (三倍的) foldable phone”, the main innovation of the new model is a flexible OLED touchscreen 3 is able to open or close in two directions. When fully unfolded, the screen delivers 4 the brand called “cinema-level viewing” with a screen ratio (比率) of 16 by 11. The device switches 5 (automatic) between single, double and three screen modes as the screen unfolds. To achieve the novel technical goal of a three-fold screen, Huawei developed a joint system that uses two tracks 6 (work) together to enable both inward and outward folds. An integrated connecting pole and slide rail structure help to reduce the overall 7 (thick) of the joint and therefore the phone itself, which 8 (measure) 12.8 millimeters when folded. Huawei 9 (choose) to launch the device just a few hours after US firm Apple presented the iPhone 16 lineup. Huawei Technologies Co. was founded in 1987 and is now one of the world’s largest telecommunications 10 (firm), operating as a network carrier as well as a producer of its own products and devices for other brands. 【答案】 1．a 2．Described 3．that/which 4．what 5．automatically 6．working 7．thickness 8．measures 9．chose 10．firms 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国科技巨头华为推出的新款智能手机Mate XT Ultimate Design，这款手机具有三倍折叠功能，并详细描述了其技术特点和设计创新。 1．考查冠词。句意：中国科技巨头华为推出了Mate XT Ultimate Design智能手机，这是一款可以折叠成10.2英寸平板电脑的手机。根据句意可知，此处泛指“一款可以折叠成10.2英寸平板电脑的手机”，且folding是以辅音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：这款手机被华为称为“有史以来第一款商用三倍折叠手机”，其主要创新是一款柔性OLED触摸屏，能够在两个方向上打开或关闭。分析句子结构可知，逗号后为完整句子，且无其它连词，所以describe应用非谓语动词形式，describe与逻辑主语the main innovation之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Described。 3．考查定语从句。句意：这款手机被华为称为“有史以来第一款商用三倍折叠手机”，其主要创新是一款柔性OLED触摸屏，能够在两个方向上打开或关闭。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词引导的限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词a flexible OLED touchscreen指物，所以应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 4．考查宾语从句。句意：当完全展开时，屏幕提供了该品牌所谓的“影院级观看”体验，屏幕比例为16比11。分析句子结构可知，此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，从句中缺少called的宾语，表示“……的东西”，指物，应用连接代词what引导。故填what。 5．考查副词。句意：随着屏幕的展开，设备会在单屏、双屏和三屏模式之间自动切换。修饰动词switches应用automatic的副词形式automatically，作状语。故填automatically。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了实现三折屏幕的新技术目标，华为开发了一个联合系统，该系统使用两条轨道协同工作，以实现向内和向外折叠。分析句子结构可知，that引导的定语从句中，已有谓语动词uses，因此work应用非谓语动词形式，修饰前面的two tracks，因它们之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动且进行的动作，所以应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填working。 7．考查名词。句意：集成的连接杆和滑轨结构有助于减少接头的整体厚度，从而减少手机本身的厚度，折叠时厚度为12.8毫米。根据空格前的the overall可知，此处应用名词作reduce的宾语，thick的名词形式为thickness，是不可数名词。故填thickness。 8．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：集成的连接杆和滑轨结构有助于减少接头的整体厚度，从而减少手机本身的厚度，折叠时厚度为12.8毫米。分析句子结构可知，此处为关系词which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代先行词the phone itself，在从句中作主语，句子描述的是一般事实，所以用一般现在时，且measure为不及物动词，无被动语态，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填measures。 9．考查时态。句意：华为选择在美国公司苹果推出iPhone 16系列几个小时后发布这款设备。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据句意和句中presented可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填chose。 10．考查名词复数。句意：华为技术有限公司成立于1987年，现在是世界上最大的电信公司之一，既作为网络运营商运营，也为其他品牌生产自己的产品和设备。根据空格前的one of可知，此处应用名词复数形式。故填firms。 三、英汉互译 11. 通过他的不懈努力，疫情终于被彻底控制了。(once and for all) 12. 正是因为他怀疑水泵是污染源，他才拯救了许多生命。(the reason why...) 【答案】 11. Through his tireless efforts, the epidemic was finally brought under control once and for all. 12. The reason why he saved many lives was that he suspected the water pump was to blame. 【解析】 11. 注意 `once and for all` 的位置，可放在句尾。 12. 考查 `The reason why... was that...` 结构，以及 `be to blame` 的用法。 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $