专题03 Unit 3 Food and Culture（暑假预习讲义）新高二英语人教版

专题03 Unit 3 Food and Culture 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit 3 Food and Culture 核心词汇梳理 考点二 Unit 3 Food and Culture 重点词组搭配 考点三 Unit 3 Food and Culture 语法解析梳理（过去完成时） 考点四 Unit 3 Food and Culture 写作：描述饮食/阐述饮食与健康 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 3 Food and Culture核心词汇梳理 【考点精讲】 1. cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ n. 菜肴；风味；烹饪 词源变化： chef（厨师）→ cuisine（菜肴/烹饪法）；法国对世界烹饪艺术的深远影响。 例句： Chinese cuisine is known for its diversity of flavors and cooking techniques. 搭配： local cuisine 地方菜；Sichuan cuisine 川菜；French cuisine 法餐 课文例句： Chinese cuisine is a case in point. 高考链接： 新高考读后续写和书面表达中常涉及文化类话题，积累 cuisines 素材（如 Beijing Roast Duck、dim sum、hot pot）有助于丰富表达。 2. prior /ˈpraɪə(r)/ adj. 先前的；优先的 → prior to 在……之前的 词源变化： prior（adj.）→ priority（n. 优先权） 例句： Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America. 搭配： prior arrangement 事先安排；prior knowledge 先备知识 3. consist /kənˈsɪst/ vi. → consist of 由……组成(或构成) 例句： The traditional breakfast consists of porridge, steamed buns, and pickles. 派生： consistent adj. 一致的；连续的；consistency n. 一致性 易混辨析： consist of（主动态，无被动，不用于进行时） vs. be made up of（有被动） vs. be composed of（更正式）。 特别提醒： consist 本身没有被动语态，也不可用于进行时态，但由它的现在分词构成的短语 consisting of 在句中作定语是一种高频用法。例如：The recipe, consisting of only three simple ingredients, has been passed down for centuries. 4. stuff /stʌf/ vt. 填满；把……塞进 n. 东西；物品 例句： The pancake rolls are stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions. 搭配： stuff A with B 用B填满A；be stuffed with 装满…… 记忆小窍门： stuff（填满）≠ staff（全体员工）≠ stiff（僵硬的）；stuff 作为不可数名词时，泛指“所有物品、东西”。 5. consume /kənˈsjuːm/ vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗 词源变化： consume → consumer（消费者）→ consumption（消费量；消耗） 例句： The kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region. 近义词： eat/drink（具体动作）, take in（摄入）, use up（用光） 6. stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳定的；稳重的 n. 马厩 词源变化： stable（adj.）→ stability（n. 稳定性）→ stabilize（v. 使稳定） 反义词： unstable 不稳定的 搭配： stable condition 稳定的状况；stable relationship 稳定的关系 7. moderate /ˈmɒdərət/ adj. 适度的；合理的；温和的 → moderation n. 适度；合理 搭配： in moderation 适度地；适量地 例句： As with everything in life, moderation is key. 文化点睛： “中庸之道（the Doctrine of the Mean）”是中国传统文化中的重要哲学思想，与 moderation 的内涵异曲同工。 8. trick /trɪk/ n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏 课文例句： There is no one trick to healthy eating. 搭配： play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人；trick sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事 【牛刀小试】 根据提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. The hotel offers both Chinese and Western ________（菜肴） to cater to guests from different countries. 2. She has been on a diet to reduce her calorie ________（摄入量）. 3. ________（在……之前） the invention of the fridge, people used ice to keep food fresh. 4. The team ________（由……组成） of five members, each responsible for a different aspect of the project. 5. The pillow was ________（填满） with feathers, making it extremely soft. 【答案与解析】 考点二：Unit 3 Food and Culture 重点词组搭配 【考点精讲】 1. prior to 在……之前的 例句： Prior to cooking the meal, ensure all ingredients are prepared. 用法提示： `prior to` 是介词短语，后接名词或动名词（-ing 形式），不可接句子。在正式文体中常替代 `before`，在学术写作和正式信件中尤为常用。 2. be stuffed with 用……填满 例句： The dumplings are stuffed with pork and cabbage. 用法提示： 该短语既可用于食物（饺子、卷饼等），也可引申用于抽象事物（如文章塞满大词）。还可用于形容人“吃饱了”：After the festival dinner, everyone was stuffed.（节日晚餐后，每个人都撑得不行。） 3. consist of 由……组成(或构成) 例句： A traditional Chinese banquet consists of cold dishes, hot dishes, soup, and desserts. 用法对比： `consist of`（整体由部分组成）、`consist in`（在于……）。试比较：Happiness consists in contentment.（幸福在于知足。） 4. in the minimum 至多；至少？→ at a/the minimum 至少；最低限度 例句： At a minimum, the food we eat should be clean and safe. 我们吃的食物至少应该是干净卫生的。 用法提示： 该短语常用于提出最低标准或底线条件。 词源变化： minimum → minimal（最小的）→ minimize（最小化）。反义词为 maximum（最大值）。 5. a variety of = varieties of = various 各种各样的 例句： You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals. 用法提示： 该短语用于强调多样性时，可放在句首或句中。后面既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。 6. refer to 指的是；提到；参考；查阅 例句： Put more simply, this means “You are what you eat.” However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture. 用法提示： `refer to` 常见于阅读理解题干（“What does ‘this’ refer to?”），以及写作中的“提及”或“参考”。 词源变化： reference n. 参考；提及；推荐信 7. rather than 而不是 例句： The real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, rather than it is sugar. 用法提示： `rather than` 连接两个对等结构，前后成分形式要一致（平行结构）。常用结构：`would rather do A than do B`。 8. be on the right track 在正确的道路上 课文例句： If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. 用法提示： 介词 on 不可用 in 替换。`on the right track` 常用于鼓励语境，反义词为 `be on the wrong track`（方向错了）。 【牛刀小试】 用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。| prior to | be stuffed with | consist of | at a minimum | rather than | 1. The museum gift shop sells ________ handmade crafts and local products. 2. You should try to eat three meals a day ________ skipping breakfast. 3. ________ the festival, people clean their houses from top to bottom. 4. The committee ________ ten members from different departments. 5. You should exercise for 30 minutes per day ________, and increase the time gradually. 考点三：Unit 3 Food and Culture 语法解析梳理（过去完成时） 【考点精讲】 过去完成时是本单元的重点语法项目，主要用于表达“过去的过去”，对于准确理解故事的时间先后顺序至关重要。 一、核心概念与定义 过去完成时表示“在过去某一时间或动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作或状态”。它是一个相对的时态，以过去的时间为基点，强调“过去的过去”。只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才会用到它。 二、基本结构 语态 肯定式 否定式 主动语态 主语 + had + 过去分词 主语 + had not + 过去分词 被动语态 主语 + had been + 过去分词 主语 + had not been + 过去分词 三、核心用法与标志词 1. 表示“过去的过去”：句中常有 by, before 等介词短语或 when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来明确“过去”这个参照点。 例句：By the time the ambulance arrived, the old man had already passed away. 救护车到达时，老人已经去世了。 课文例句：A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. 四川一家饭店是朋友推荐给我们的，我们最终找到了它。 2. 表示动作一直持续到过去某一时间：常与 for, since 引导的“时间段”状语连用。 例句：I had waited at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当一辆公共汽车终于到来时，我在公交站已经等了20分钟。 3. 表示未曾实现的愿望或打算：用于 hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want, expect 等动词，表示过去“原本想做但未能实现”的意图。 例句：I had intended to visit you yesterday, but I was too busy. 我原本昨天想去拜访你的，但太忙了。 4. 固定句型中的使用 `It was the first/second... time that...` 句型中，从句用过去完成时。 例句：It was the first time that I had made such a mistake. 那是我第一次犯这样的错误。 `hardly... when...` 或 `no sooner... than...` 句型中，主句常用过去完成时且部分倒装。 例句：Hardly had he begun to speak when he was interrupted. 他刚开始说话就被打断了。 5. 语境中隐含的过去完成时：有时候过去的时间点并非由显性的时间状语给出，而是通过上下文语境或逻辑推断隐含出来的。例如：When we arrived, the party had already started. 当我们到达时，派对已经开始了。（“我们到达”是“过去”的时间点，“派对开始”在此之前。） 四、与一般过去时的区别辨析 对比维度 过去完成时 一般过去时 时间参照 “过去的过去”，相对时间 过去某一特定时间，绝对时间 典型状语 by then, before, 或隐含于上下文 yesterday, last week, in 2020 动作顺序 两个过去动作中，先发生的用过去完成时 两个过去动作中，后发生的用一般过去时 经典例句 The train had left when I arrived. The train left five minutes ago. 五、课文经典例句解析 1. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. 解析：`had just arrived`（刚刚到达）发生在 `went looking`（去找）之前，两个过去动作的先后顺序非常清晰。 2. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. 解析：被动语态 `had been recommended`（被推荐）发生在 `found`（找到）之前，“推荐”是原因，“找到”是结果。 【牛刀小试】 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. By the time the police arrived, the thief ________ (run) away. 2. She told me that she ________ (meet) the famous chef before. 3. No sooner ________ (he, arrive) home than it began to rain heavily. 4. It was the second time that the team ________ (win) the championship. 5. The old man ________ (live) in that small village for over thirty years before he moved to the city. 考点四：Unit 3 Food and Culture 写作：描述饮食/阐述饮食与健康 【考点精讲】 本单元涉及两种主要的写作任务：一是描述地方美食并阐释其文化内涵，二是撰写关于健康饮食的建议文章。 一、写作任务一：描述地方美食并阐释文化内涵 在介绍中国美食时，不仅需要描述食物的外形、味道、做法等细节，还应点明食物背后的文化寓意，使文章内容具体、内涵丰富。 1. 食物介绍类写作结构（五步法） Step 1 主题句： 开门见山介绍要描述的美食（如由来、名气或简要特色）。 Step 2 原料： 列举主要或特色食材。 Step 3 做法/特点： 独特的烹饪过程或外形口感特征。 Step 4 文化意义： 饮食背后承载的文化寓意或象征意义。 Step 5 结尾： 总结文化内涵或发出推荐邀请。 2. 实用的写作表达 类别 英文表达 中文释义 引出介绍 Let me introduce... / I'd like to recommend... / Today I want to share... 让我介绍/我想推荐 描述味道 be known for/be famous for... / It tastes ... / It is rich in flavour. / It has a unique taste of... 以……闻名/尝起来…… 描述做法 It is made of/from... / be stuffed with... / be boiled/steamed/fried... / be served with... 由……制成/用……填充 阐释文化 symbolize/represent/stand for... / carry the meaning of... / be rooted in tradition 象征/代表/承载……的意义 发出推荐 You can't miss... / It's a must-try. / I strongly recommend... 你不应错过/强烈推荐 此外，食物制作过程的描写也常用以下动词：mix（混合）、knead（揉面）、roll out（擀开）、wrap（包）、boil（煮）、steam（蒸）、fry（煎/炸）、stew（炖）、add seasoning（添加调料）。 3. 范文赏析 题目： 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 David 对中国美食很感兴趣，请你写信向他介绍一种你最喜欢的地方美食，并说明其文化寓意。 参考范文： Dear David, Learning that you are keen on Chinese food, I‘d like to introduce a traditional dish from my hometown—dumplings, also known as jiaozi. Dumplings are made of flour wrappers stuffed with finely chopped meat and vegetables. The process of making dumplings is usually a family affair: from kneading the dough to folding the wrappers, everyone in the family joins in. Boiled in hot water, the dumplings become soft and delicious. More importantly, dumplings carry profound cultural meanings. They symbolize family reunion and togetherness, especially during the Spring Festival when the whole family gathers to make and eat them. Eating dumplings is also believed to bring good fortune for the coming year. I highly recommend you try this tasty food if you ever visit China. I’m sure you will love it! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 二、写作任务二：撰写关于健康饮食的建议 本单元的第二个写作任务是“写一篇关于健康饮食的文章”。教材提供了一篇题为 “Healthy Eating” 的阅读语篇，阐述了健康饮食的基本原则，并要求学生反思自己的饮食习惯并完成写作。该阅读语篇的核心观点值得重点关注：不良健康的真正推手并非脂肪类食物，而是糖。摄入过多糖分的人（日卡路里摄入的25%来自糖）死于心脏病的可能性是摄入较少糖分的人（日卡路里摄入的10%以下）的两倍。 1. 健康饮食写作框架 段落 内容要点 提示句型 引言段 提出健康饮食的重要性，引出论点 “A healthy diet is essential for our physical and mental well-being.” 主体段1（含糖饮料） 建议减少含糖饮料和甜食的摄入 “To begin with, we should cut down on... It is recommended that...” 主体段2（新鲜食材） 建议多吃新鲜蔬果和富含纤维的食物 “Moreover, consuming a variety of fresh vegetables and fruit is vital...” 主体段3（细嚼慢咽） 建议细嚼慢咽，把握饱腹感信号 “Another key to healthy eating is to eat slowly...” 结尾段 总结核心原则，呼吁行动 “In conclusion, healthy eating starts with a healthy attitude towards food.” 2. 健康饮食常用表达 提出建议： It is recommended that... / We should cut down on... / It is better to... / One should avoid... 描述食物营养： be high in vitamins and fibre（富含维生素和纤维）、be rich in protein（富含蛋白质）、contain essential nutrients（含有必需的营养素）、processed foods（加工食品） 量化表达： a quantity/quantities of（大量）、at a minimum（至少）、twice as likely to... as...（比……可能性大两倍） 3. 范文赏析 Healthy Eating Habits In my opinion, developing healthy eating habits is of great importance for our physical well-being. Here are some suggestions. First of all, we should cut down on sugar. As the saying goes, the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food as it is sugar. Therefore, limiting our intake of sweets and sugary drinks is a wise choice. Secondly, it is better to consume a variety of fresh foods rather than processed ones. Fresh vegetables and fruit, which are rich in vitamins and fibre, can help us stay energetic and healthy. Meanwhile, we also need some protein from meat, beans, or dairy products for strong bones and muscles. Finally, we should eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes for our brain to receive the signal that we are full. Chewing slowly helps us enjoy the food better and prevents overeating. In conclusion, moderation is the key to a healthy diet. Eating to live rather than living to eat is a principle worth following. 三、高考衔接与写作加分策略 1. 关注文化类话题：近年高考写作常涉及“中华传统文化传播”类话题。本单元积累的“地域美食特点、文化内涵”相关素材，可直接用于“推荐中国美食、介绍饮食文化”等同类写作。 2. “具象描述 + 深层阐释”双线写作：高考写作评分标准强调“内容充实、语言准确、逻辑清晰”。从食材、口感等细节描述美食，再关联文化价值，能够写出“言之有物、言之有深意”的高分作文。 3. 积累文化寓意类动词：在写作中准确使用 mean（意味着）， symbolize（象征）， represent（代表）， stand for（代表）， carry the meaning of（承载……的意义）等词，能够大大增强文化阐释的深度和说服力。 【牛刀小试】 （2025·湖南长沙·一模）上周，你参加了班级组织的活动——“我为父母做道菜”(Cooking a Dish for My Parents)。请你就此为校英语广播站写一篇广播稿，内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2.做菜过程； 3.你的感悟。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear schoolmates, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for listening! 一、单句语法填空 1. If you want to keep a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet and regular exercise are ________ (fundament) to your well-being. 2. The new policy will be ________ (benefit) to the development of the local food industry. 3. Eating too much junk food ________ (associate) with an increased risk of heart disease. 4. It is universally acknowledged that the beauty of Chinese cuisine ________ (consist) in its diversity and philosophy. 5. My grandmother insisted that we should eat the meal in ________ (moderate), neither overeating nor starving. 二、语法填空 1．It was the second time that he (visit) the Great Wall. 2．I (intend) to finish the report before Friday, but a sudden business trip forced me to put it off until yesterday. 3．I didn’t go to the cinema because I (see) it twice. 4．It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping (realise) his dream of developing seawater rice. 5．After listening to the scientists who (study) the problem for a year, the government turned to the United Nations for help. 6．By the Shang Dynasty, animal bones and shells (become) a well-developed writing system. 7．The government   (announce) the setting up of several special funds by the end of last year. 8．It was the first time she (see) him in person. 9．It was the third time that he (make) the same mistake. 10．I got up at 8:00 this morning, and I (sleep) for ten hours. 三、英汉互译 11. 据我所知，中国饮食文化博大精深，反映了不同地区的历史和风俗习惯。 12. Eating slowly allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more.（结合本单元健康饮食课文内容翻译） 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 Unit 3 Food and Culture 序号 要点聚焦 考点一 Unit 3 Food and Culture 核心词汇梳理 考点二 Unit 3 Food and Culture 重点词组搭配 考点三 Unit 3 Food and Culture 语法解析梳理（过去完成时） 考点四 Unit 3 Food and Culture 写作：描述饮食/阐述饮食与健康 深｜研｜精｜炼 考点一 Unit 3 Food and Culture核心词汇梳理 【考点精讲】 1. cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/ n. 菜肴；风味；烹饪 词源变化： chef（厨师）→ cuisine（菜肴/烹饪法）；法国对世界烹饪艺术的深远影响。 例句： Chinese cuisine is known for its diversity of flavors and cooking techniques. 搭配： local cuisine 地方菜；Sichuan cuisine 川菜；French cuisine 法餐 课文例句： Chinese cuisine is a case in point. 高考链接： 新高考读后续写和书面表达中常涉及文化类话题，积累 cuisines 素材（如 Beijing Roast Duck、dim sum、hot pot）有助于丰富表达。 2. prior /ˈpraɪə(r)/ adj. 先前的；优先的 → prior to 在……之前的 词源变化： prior（adj.）→ priority（n. 优先权） 例句： Prior to coming to China, my only experience with Chinese cooking was in America. 搭配： prior arrangement 事先安排；prior knowledge 先备知识 3. consist /kənˈsɪst/ vi. → consist of 由……组成(或构成) 例句： The traditional breakfast consists of porridge, steamed buns, and pickles. 派生： consistent adj. 一致的；连续的；consistency n. 一致性 易混辨析： consist of（主动态，无被动，不用于进行时） vs. be made up of（有被动） vs. be composed of（更正式）。 特别提醒： consist 本身没有被动语态，也不可用于进行时态，但由它的现在分词构成的短语 consisting of 在句中作定语是一种高频用法。例如：The recipe, consisting of only three simple ingredients, has been passed down for centuries. 4. stuff /stʌf/ vt. 填满；把……塞进 n. 东西；物品 例句： The pancake rolls are stuffed with sliced Chinese green onions. 搭配： stuff A with B 用B填满A；be stuffed with 装满…… 记忆小窍门： stuff（填满）≠ staff（全体员工）≠ stiff（僵硬的）；stuff 作为不可数名词时，泛指“所有物品、东西”。 5. consume /kənˈsjuːm/ vt. 吃；喝；饮；消耗 词源变化： consume → consumer（消费者）→ consumption（消费量；消耗） 例句： The kinds of food local people consume tell us what they grow in their region. 近义词： eat/drink（具体动作）, take in（摄入）, use up（用光） 6. stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳定的；稳重的 n. 马厩 词源变化： stable（adj.）→ stability（n. 稳定性）→ stabilize（v. 使稳定） 反义词： unstable 不稳定的 搭配： stable condition 稳定的状况；stable relationship 稳定的关系 7. moderate /ˈmɒdərət/ adj. 适度的；合理的；温和的 → moderation n. 适度；合理 搭配： in moderation 适度地；适量地 例句： As with everything in life, moderation is key. 文化点睛： “中庸之道（the Doctrine of the Mean）”是中国传统文化中的重要哲学思想，与 moderation 的内涵异曲同工。 8. trick /trɪk/ n. 诀窍；计谋；把戏 课文例句： There is no one trick to healthy eating. 搭配： play a trick on sb. 捉弄某人；trick sb. into doing sth. 诱使某人做某事 【牛刀小试】 根据提示写出单词的正确形式。 1. The hotel offers both Chinese and Western ________（菜肴） to cater to guests from different countries. 2. She has been on a diet to reduce her calorie ________（摄入量）. 3. ________（在……之前） the invention of the fridge, people used ice to keep food fresh. 4. The team ________（由……组成） of five members, each responsible for a different aspect of the project. 5. The pillow was ________（填满） with feathers, making it extremely soft. 【答案与解析】 1. cuisine：句意“酒店提供中式和西式菜肴”，用名词 cuisine。 2. consumption：句意“减少卡路里摄入量”，用名词 consumption。 3. Prior to：句意“在冰箱发明之前”，介词短语作状语，首字母大写。 4. consists：主语 the team 为单数，consist of 意为“由……组成”，注意无被动语态。 5. stuffed：句意“枕头里塞满了羽毛”，be stuffed with 固定搭配，用过去分词形式。 考点二：Unit 3 Food and Culture 重点词组搭配 【考点精讲】 1. prior to 在……之前的 例句： Prior to cooking the meal, ensure all ingredients are prepared. 用法提示： `prior to` 是介词短语，后接名词或动名词（-ing 形式），不可接句子。在正式文体中常替代 `before`，在学术写作和正式信件中尤为常用。 2. be stuffed with 用……填满 例句： The dumplings are stuffed with pork and cabbage. 用法提示： 该短语既可用于食物（饺子、卷饼等），也可引申用于抽象事物（如文章塞满大词）。还可用于形容人“吃饱了”：After the festival dinner, everyone was stuffed.（节日晚餐后，每个人都撑得不行。） 3. consist of 由……组成(或构成) 例句： A traditional Chinese banquet consists of cold dishes, hot dishes, soup, and desserts. 用法对比： `consist of`（整体由部分组成）、`consist in`（在于……）。试比较：Happiness consists in contentment.（幸福在于知足。） 4. in the minimum 至多；至少？→ at a/the minimum 至少；最低限度 例句： At a minimum, the food we eat should be clean and safe. 我们吃的食物至少应该是干净卫生的。 用法提示： 该短语常用于提出最低标准或底线条件。 词源变化： minimum → minimal（最小的）→ minimize（最小化）。反义词为 maximum（最大值）。 5. a variety of = varieties of = various 各种各样的 例句： You can get burnt by a variety of things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, acids, or other chemicals. 用法提示： 该短语用于强调多样性时，可放在句首或句中。后面既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。 6. refer to 指的是；提到；参考；查阅 例句： Put more simply, this means “You are what you eat.” However, Brillat-Savarin was actually referring to our personality, character, and culture. 用法提示： `refer to` 常见于阅读理解题干（“What does ‘this’ refer to?”），以及写作中的“提及”或“参考”。 词源变化： reference n. 参考；提及；推荐信 7. rather than 而不是 例句： The real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food, rather than it is sugar. 用法提示： `rather than` 连接两个对等结构，前后成分形式要一致（平行结构）。常用结构：`would rather do A than do B`。 8. be on the right track 在正确的道路上 课文例句： If you are using food mostly for nutrition, then you are on the right track with your diet. 用法提示： 介词 on 不可用 in 替换。`on the right track` 常用于鼓励语境，反义词为 `be on the wrong track`（方向错了）。 【牛刀小试】 用方框内所给短语的正确形式填空。| prior to | be stuffed with | consist of | at a minimum | rather than | 1. The museum gift shop sells ________ handmade crafts and local products. 2. You should try to eat three meals a day ________ skipping breakfast. 3. ________ the festival, people clean their houses from top to bottom. 4. The committee ________ ten members from different departments. 5. You should exercise for 30 minutes per day ________, and increase the time gradually. 【答案与解析】 1. a variety of：句意“出售各种手工工艺品”，强调种类丰富。 2. rather than：句意“一天吃三餐而不是不吃早餐”，对比两种行为。 3. Prior to：句意“在节日之前”，介词短语作时间状语，首字母大写。 4. consists of：句意“委员会由十名成员组成”，注意主谓一致。 5. at a minimum：句意“至少每天锻炼30分钟”，提出最低标准。 考点三：Unit 3 Food and Culture 语法解析梳理（过去完成时） 【考点精讲】 过去完成时是本单元的重点语法项目，主要用于表达“过去的过去”，对于准确理解故事的时间先后顺序至关重要。 一、核心概念与定义 过去完成时表示“在过去某一时间或动作之前就已经发生或完成了的动作或状态”。它是一个相对的时态，以过去的时间为基点，强调“过去的过去”。只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才会用到它。 二、基本结构 语态 肯定式 否定式 主动语态 主语 + had + 过去分词 主语 + had not + 过去分词 被动语态 主语 + had been + 过去分词 主语 + had not been + 过去分词 三、核心用法与标志词 1. 表示“过去的过去”：句中常有 by, before 等介词短语或 when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句来明确“过去”这个参照点。 例句：By the time the ambulance arrived, the old man had already passed away. 救护车到达时，老人已经去世了。 课文例句：A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. 四川一家饭店是朋友推荐给我们的，我们最终找到了它。 2. 表示动作一直持续到过去某一时间：常与 for, since 引导的“时间段”状语连用。 例句：I had waited at the bus stop for 20 minutes when a bus finally came. 当一辆公共汽车终于到来时，我在公交站已经等了20分钟。 3. 表示未曾实现的愿望或打算：用于 hope, intend, mean, plan, think, want, expect 等动词，表示过去“原本想做但未能实现”的意图。 例句：I had intended to visit you yesterday, but I was too busy. 我原本昨天想去拜访你的，但太忙了。 4. 固定句型中的使用 `It was the first/second... time that...` 句型中，从句用过去完成时。 例句：It was the first time that I had made such a mistake. 那是我第一次犯这样的错误。 `hardly... when...` 或 `no sooner... than...` 句型中，主句常用过去完成时且部分倒装。 例句：Hardly had he begun to speak when he was interrupted. 他刚开始说话就被打断了。 5. 语境中隐含的过去完成时：有时候过去的时间点并非由显性的时间状语给出，而是通过上下文语境或逻辑推断隐含出来的。例如：When we arrived, the party had already started. 当我们到达时，派对已经开始了。（“我们到达”是“过去”的时间点，“派对开始”在此之前。） 四、与一般过去时的区别辨析 对比维度 过去完成时 一般过去时 时间参照 “过去的过去”，相对时间 过去某一特定时间，绝对时间 典型状语 by then, before, 或隐含于上下文 yesterday, last week, in 2020 动作顺序 两个过去动作中，先发生的用过去完成时 两个过去动作中，后发生的用一般过去时 经典例句 The train had left when I arrived. The train left five minutes ago. 五、课文经典例句解析 1. When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went looking for a good place to eat in Beijing. 解析：`had just arrived`（刚刚到达）发生在 `went looking`（去找）之前，两个过去动作的先后顺序非常清晰。 2. A Sichuan restaurant had been recommended to us by a friend, and finally, we found it. 解析：被动语态 `had been recommended`（被推荐）发生在 `found`（找到）之前，“推荐”是原因，“找到”是结果。 【牛刀小试】 用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。 1. By the time the police arrived, the thief ________ (run) away. 2. She told me that she ________ (meet) the famous chef before. 3. No sooner ________ (he, arrive) home than it began to rain heavily. 4. It was the second time that the team ________ (win) the championship. 5. The old man ________ (live) in that small village for over thirty years before he moved to the city. 【答案与解析】 1. had run：by the time 引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句动作“逃跑”发生在“警察到达”之前，用过去完成时。 2. had met：主句谓语 told 是过去时，宾语从句中“遇见”发生在 told 之前，用过去完成时。 3. had he arrived：no sooner... than... 句型中，no sooner 置于句首时，主句部分倒装，用过去完成时。 4. had won：固定句型 `It was the + 序数词 + time that...` 中，that 从句用过去完成时。 5. had lived：before 引导的时间状语从句为一般过去时，主句动作“居住”发生在“搬到城市”之前，且持续了一段时间，用过去完成时。 考点四：Unit 3 Food and Culture 写作：描述饮食/阐述饮食与健康 【考点精讲】 本单元涉及两种主要的写作任务：一是描述地方美食并阐释其文化内涵，二是撰写关于健康饮食的建议文章。 一、写作任务一：描述地方美食并阐释文化内涵 在介绍中国美食时，不仅需要描述食物的外形、味道、做法等细节，还应点明食物背后的文化寓意，使文章内容具体、内涵丰富。 1. 食物介绍类写作结构（五步法） Step 1 主题句： 开门见山介绍要描述的美食（如由来、名气或简要特色）。 Step 2 原料： 列举主要或特色食材。 Step 3 做法/特点： 独特的烹饪过程或外形口感特征。 Step 4 文化意义： 饮食背后承载的文化寓意或象征意义。 Step 5 结尾： 总结文化内涵或发出推荐邀请。 2. 实用的写作表达 类别 英文表达 中文释义 引出介绍 Let me introduce... / I'd like to recommend... / Today I want to share... 让我介绍/我想推荐 描述味道 be known for/be famous for... / It tastes ... / It is rich in flavour. / It has a unique taste of... 以……闻名/尝起来…… 描述做法 It is made of/from... / be stuffed with... / be boiled/steamed/fried... / be served with... 由……制成/用……填充 阐释文化 symbolize/represent/stand for... / carry the meaning of... / be rooted in tradition 象征/代表/承载……的意义 发出推荐 You can't miss... / It's a must-try. / I strongly recommend... 你不应错过/强烈推荐 此外，食物制作过程的描写也常用以下动词：mix（混合）、knead（揉面）、roll out（擀开）、wrap（包）、boil（煮）、steam（蒸）、fry（煎/炸）、stew（炖）、add seasoning（添加调料）。 3. 范文赏析 题目： 假如你是李华，你的英国笔友 David 对中国美食很感兴趣，请你写信向他介绍一种你最喜欢的地方美食，并说明其文化寓意。 参考范文： Dear David, Learning that you are keen on Chinese food, I‘d like to introduce a traditional dish from my hometown—dumplings, also known as jiaozi. Dumplings are made of flour wrappers stuffed with finely chopped meat and vegetables. The process of making dumplings is usually a family affair: from kneading the dough to folding the wrappers, everyone in the family joins in. Boiled in hot water, the dumplings become soft and delicious. More importantly, dumplings carry profound cultural meanings. They symbolize family reunion and togetherness, especially during the Spring Festival when the whole family gathers to make and eat them. Eating dumplings is also believed to bring good fortune for the coming year. I highly recommend you try this tasty food if you ever visit China. I’m sure you will love it! Yours sincerely, Li Hua 二、写作任务二：撰写关于健康饮食的建议 本单元的第二个写作任务是“写一篇关于健康饮食的文章”。教材提供了一篇题为 “Healthy Eating” 的阅读语篇，阐述了健康饮食的基本原则，并要求学生反思自己的饮食习惯并完成写作。该阅读语篇的核心观点值得重点关注：不良健康的真正推手并非脂肪类食物，而是糖。摄入过多糖分的人（日卡路里摄入的25%来自糖）死于心脏病的可能性是摄入较少糖分的人（日卡路里摄入的10%以下）的两倍。 1. 健康饮食写作框架 段落 内容要点 提示句型 引言段 提出健康饮食的重要性，引出论点 “A healthy diet is essential for our physical and mental well-being.” 主体段1（含糖饮料） 建议减少含糖饮料和甜食的摄入 “To begin with, we should cut down on... It is recommended that...” 主体段2（新鲜食材） 建议多吃新鲜蔬果和富含纤维的食物 “Moreover, consuming a variety of fresh vegetables and fruit is vital...” 主体段3（细嚼慢咽） 建议细嚼慢咽，把握饱腹感信号 “Another key to healthy eating is to eat slowly...” 结尾段 总结核心原则，呼吁行动 “In conclusion, healthy eating starts with a healthy attitude towards food.” 2. 健康饮食常用表达 提出建议： It is recommended that... / We should cut down on... / It is better to... / One should avoid... 描述食物营养： be high in vitamins and fibre（富含维生素和纤维）、be rich in protein（富含蛋白质）、contain essential nutrients（含有必需的营养素）、processed foods（加工食品） 量化表达： a quantity/quantities of（大量）、at a minimum（至少）、twice as likely to... as...（比……可能性大两倍） 3. 范文赏析 Healthy Eating Habits In my opinion, developing healthy eating habits is of great importance for our physical well-being. Here are some suggestions. First of all, we should cut down on sugar. As the saying goes, the real driver of poor health is not so much fatty food as it is sugar. Therefore, limiting our intake of sweets and sugary drinks is a wise choice. Secondly, it is better to consume a variety of fresh foods rather than processed ones. Fresh vegetables and fruit, which are rich in vitamins and fibre, can help us stay energetic and healthy. Meanwhile, we also need some protein from meat, beans, or dairy products for strong bones and muscles. Finally, we should eat slowly. It takes about twenty minutes for our brain to receive the signal that we are full. Chewing slowly helps us enjoy the food better and prevents overeating. In conclusion, moderation is the key to a healthy diet. Eating to live rather than living to eat is a principle worth following. 三、高考衔接与写作加分策略 1. 关注文化类话题：近年高考写作常涉及“中华传统文化传播”类话题。本单元积累的“地域美食特点、文化内涵”相关素材，可直接用于“推荐中国美食、介绍饮食文化”等同类写作。 2. “具象描述 + 深层阐释”双线写作：高考写作评分标准强调“内容充实、语言准确、逻辑清晰”。从食材、口感等细节描述美食，再关联文化价值，能够写出“言之有物、言之有深意”的高分作文。 3. 积累文化寓意类动词：在写作中准确使用 mean（意味着）， symbolize（象征）， represent（代表）， stand for（代表）， carry the meaning of（承载……的意义）等词，能够大大增强文化阐释的深度和说服力。 【牛刀小试】 （2025·湖南长沙·一模）上周，你参加了班级组织的活动——“我为父母做道菜”(Cooking a Dish for My Parents)。请你就此为校英语广播站写一篇广播稿，内容包括： 1.活动目的； 2.做菜过程； 3.你的感悟。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear schoolmates, _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for listening! 【答案】Dear schoolmates, Last week, our class organized a meaningful activity “Cooking a Dish for My Parents”. The aim was to express gratitude to our parents and strengthen family bonds through hands-on effort. I chose to make scrambled (炒的) eggs with tomatoes, a simple yet symbolic dish. After carefully washing and chopping the ingredients, I nervously heated the oil and stirred the eggs. Though I nearly burned them, my parents patiently guided me. Finally, the dish was served with their smiles as the best reward. This activity not only taught me to appreciate my parents' daily efforts, but made me realize the value of labor. Thank you for listening! 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为学校广播站写一篇广播稿，简单介绍上周班级组织的“我为父母做道菜”活动的基本情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 目的：aim→purpose 表达：express→ convey 但是：yet→but 指导：guide→ direct 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：I chose to make scrambled eggs with tomatoes, a simple yet symbolic dish. 拓展句：I chose to make scrambled eggs with tomatoes, which is a simple yet symbolic dish. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Though I nearly burned them, my parents patiently guided me. （运用了though引导的让步状语从句） 【高分句型2】This activity not only taught me to appreciate my parents' daily efforts, but made me realize the value of labor.（运用了关联词not only…but also…） 一、单句语法填空 1. If you want to keep a healthy lifestyle, a balanced diet and regular exercise are ________ (fundament) to your well-being. 2. The new policy will be ________ (benefit) to the development of the local food industry. 3. Eating too much junk food ________ (associate) with an increased risk of heart disease. 4. It is universally acknowledged that the beauty of Chinese cuisine ________ (consist) in its diversity and philosophy. 5. My grandmother insisted that we should eat the meal in ________ (moderate), neither overeating nor starving. 【答案】 1. fundamental 2. beneficial 3. is associated 4. consists 5. moderation 二、语法填空 1．It was the second time that he (visit) the Great Wall. 【答案】had visited 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：这是他第二次参观长城。此处考查固定句型“It was the first/second/...time that...”，该句型中，主句时态为一般过去时，that引导的从句需用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”，visit的过去分词形式为visited。故填had visited。 2．I (intend) to finish the report before Friday, but a sudden business trip forced me to put it off until yesterday. 【答案】had intended 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来打算在星期五之前完成这份报告，但突然出差迫使我把它推迟到昨天。结合句意及“before Friday”可知，此处指“过去原打算做某事”，使用过去完成时。故填had intended。 3．I didn’t go to the cinema because I (see) it twice. 【答案】had seen 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：我没去看电影，因为我已经看过两次了。“没去看电影”是一般过去时，而“看过两次”发生在“没去看电影”之前，属于过去的过去，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”，see的过去分词是seen。故填had seen。 4．It surprised the whole world that Yuan Longping (realise) his dream of developing seawater rice. 【答案】had realised 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：袁隆平实现了开发海水稻的梦想，这让全世界都感到惊讶。that引导主语从句，设空处在从句中作谓语，且与其主语Yuan Longping之间为主动关系；根据语境并结合surprised可知，设空处动作发生在surprised之前，故此处应用过去完成时。故填had realised。 5．After listening to the scientists who (study) the problem for a year, the government turned to the United Nations for help. 【答案】had studied 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：在听取了研究这个问题一年的科学家的意见后，政府转向联合国寻求帮助。study表示的动作发生在turned之前，使用过去完成时，故填had studied。 6．By the Shang Dynasty, animal bones and shells (become) a well-developed writing system. 【答案】had become 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：到了商代，在动物的骨头和贝壳上写字（甲骨文）已经成为一种发达的文字系统。结合时间状语“By the Shang Dynasty”可知，此处描述到过去某个时间以前已经完成的事情，使用过去完成时，故填had become。 7．The government   (announce) the setting up of several special funds by the end of last year. 【答案】had announced 【详解】考查时态。句意：到去年年底，政府宣布设立若干专项基金。根据时间状语 by the end of last year可知，此处强调动作在过去某个时间之前已经完成，应用过去完成时。故填had announced。 8．It was the first time she (see) him in person. 【答案】had seen 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是她第一次亲自见到他。see“看见”。It was the first time that…为固定句型，表示“某人第……次做某事”，that从句中使用过去完成时。故填had seen。 9．It was the third time that he (make) the same mistake. 【答案】had made 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这是他第三次犯同样的错误。在“It+be+the first/second… time that …”句型中，that从句应用完成时态，再由句中的was可知，此处应用过去完成时。故填had made. 10．I got up at 8:00 this morning, and I (sleep) for ten hours. 【答案】had slept 【详解】考查时态。句意：我今天早上八点起床，已经睡了十个小时了。动作sleep发生在got up之前，此处表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had slept。 三、英汉互译 11. 据我所知，中国饮食文化博大精深，反映了不同地区的历史和风俗习惯。 12. Eating slowly allows your body to digest your food better, and will allow you to enjoy your food more.（结合本单元健康饮食课文内容翻译） 【答案】 11. As far as I know, Chinese food culture is extensive and profound, reflecting the history and customs of different regions. 12. 细嚼慢咽能让你的身体更好地消化食物，也能让你更好地享受美食。 【解析】 11. 注意 `As far as I know`（据我所知）的固定用法，以及 `extensive and profound`（博大精深）的准确翻译。 12. 注意 `allows your body to digest...` 的结构翻译，以及 `enjoy your food more` 的地道表达。 2 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $