专题02 动词不定式的用法（作定语和状语考点全解析）（暑假复习讲义）新高二英语人教版

专题02 动词不定式的用法（作定语和状语） 考点序号 考点聚焦 不定式作定语 后置定语，与被修饰名词构成动宾、主谓或同位关系；不定式主动形式表被动；常考“the first/last/next + to do”结构 不定式作状语 目的状语（in order to, so as to）；结果状语（only to do, too...to, enough to）；原因、条件、评注性状语；与-ing分词作状语的区别 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一：动词不定式作定语 【知识精讲】 不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词的后面（后置定语）。这是高考语法填空的高频考点。 1. 不定式与被修饰名词的逻辑关系 逻辑关系 说明 示例 转化方式 动宾关系 被修饰名词是不定式动词的宾语 I have a lot of work to do. do the work 主谓关系 被修饰名词是不定式动词的主语 He is the first to arrive. He arrives first 同位关系 不定式解释说明抽象名词的内容 He has the ability to solve the problem. ability = to solve… 介词宾语关系 不定式为不及物动词，需要加介词 I need a pen to write with. write with a pen 注意：当不定式与被修饰名词构成动宾关系，且不定式动词为不及物动词时，必须加上相应的介词，且介词不能省略。 He has no house to live in.（不能说 to live） Please give me a chair to sit on. 2. 不定式主动形式表被动意义 在“There be + 主语 + to do”结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义，这是高考常考考点。 There is no time to lose.（没有时间可浪费了）= to be lost There are many books to read.（有很多书要读）= to be read 辨析：如果强调动作的执行者，用主动形式更自然；如果需要明确表示被动，也可用被动式，但主动式更常见。 3. 修饰抽象名词的不定式 下列抽象名词后常接不定式作定语：ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, chance, courage, decision, determination, effort, opportunity, plan, promise, refusal, responsibility, right, time, way, wish等。 He made a promise to help me. I have no chance to go abroad. 4. 修饰序数词、最高级或“the only/next/last”等 当被修饰词是序数词（the first, the second）、最高级（the best）或“the only, the next, the last”时，常用不定式作定语。 She is the only student to be praised. He is the best man to do the job. 5. 不定式与-ing分词作定语的区别 比较维度 不定式作定语 -ing分词作定语 时间关系 通常指将来动作 通常指正在进行或习惯性动作 逻辑关系 可表动宾、主谓、同位 多表主动/进行 示例对比 a meeting to be held tomorrow a meeting being held now 【典例破题】 （2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）语法填空 If you have any problems __________ (solve), please let me know. 【巩固提升】（8小题，限时6分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. He is always the first __________ (come) and the last __________ (leave). 2. I have a composition __________ (write) this evening. 3. There are still many difficulties __________ (overcome). 4. Please lend me a pen __________ (write) with. 5. She has no desire __________ (travel) abroad. 6. The next train __________ (arrive) is from Shanghai. 7. He is looking for a room __________ (live) in. 8. The problem __________ (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is very important. 考点二：动词不定式作状语 【知识精讲】 不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等多种意义，是高考的高频考点，尤其需要掌握与-ing分词作状语的区别。 1. 目的状语 不定式作目的状语是最常见的用法，可以转化为“in order to”或“so as to”（注意so as to不能置于句首）。 He got up early to catch the first bus. = He got up early in order to catch the first bus. To improve his English, he practices every day. In order to pass the exam, he studied hard.（句首只能用in order to，不能用so as to） 注意：否定形式为“not to do”或“in order not to do / so as not to do”。 He spoke quietly not to wake the baby. He left early so as not to miss the train. 2. 结果状语 不定式作结果状语常与only, too, enough, so...as to, such...as to等连用。 结构 含义 示例 only to do 意想不到的结果（常表失望、惊讶） He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. too...to do 太……而不能 He is too young to join the army. ...enough to do 足够……以至于能 He is old enough to go to school. so + adj/adv + as to do 如此……以至于 He was so angry as to shout at everyone. such + n + as to do 如此……以至于 It was such a loud noise as to wake the whole building. 辨析：-ing分词作结果状语表示“自然而然的结果”，而不定式（尤其only to do）常表示“出乎意料的、令人失望的结果”。 He died, leaving his wife a large debt.（自然结果） He rushed to the airport, only to be told the flight had been canceled.（意外结果） 3. 原因状语 不定式作原因状语多用在表示情感的形容词之后，说明产生这种情感的原因。 常见形容词：happy, glad, sad, sorry, surprised, delighted, lucky, proud, eager, anxious, foolish, cruel, right, wrong等。 I am sorry to hear that. She was surprised to see me there. We are proud to be Chinese. 注意：这种结构往往可与“主语+be+形容词+that从句”互换。如：I am glad that I have helped you. → I am glad to have helped you. 4. 条件状语 不定式作条件状语常用于“to do...，you will...”结构中，或与“if”引导的条件状语从句互换。 To look at him, you would think he is a millionaire.（= If you looked at him...） To hear him talk, you would think he knows everything. 5. 评注性状语（独立成分） 某些不定式短语用作独立成分，修饰整个句子，表示说话人的态度或评价。 常用短语：to tell the truth（说实话），to be honest（老实说），to be frank（坦率地说），to make matters worse（更糟的是），to begin with（首先）等。 To tell the truth, I don’t like him. To be honest, I have no idea. 6. 不定式作状语与-ing分词的对比 状语类型 不定式 -ing分词 目的 常用（强调意图） 不用 结果 意外结果（only to do） 自然结果（doing） 原因 多用于表情感形容词后 一般原因（Being ill...） 时间/伴随 不常用 常用 【典例破题】 例题1（2023·全国甲卷）语法填空 He hurried to the booking office, only __________ (tell) that the tickets had been sold out. 例题2（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）语法填空 __________ (improve) his pronunciation, he listens to English news every day. 【巩固提升】（8小题，限时6分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. He worked day and night, only __________ (fail) in the end. 2. She was too nervous __________ (say) a word. 3. __________ (get) a better view, he climbed to the top of the hill. 4. We are delighted __________ (invite) to the party. 5. He is old enough __________ (take) care of himself. 6. __________ (tell) you the truth, I don’t agree with you. 7. He spoke loudly so as __________ (hear) by everyone. 8. __________ (hear) him talk, you would think he is an expert. 一、单项选择 1．Jenny ________ a present from Peter yesterday, but she didn’t want to ________ it. A．received; receive B．accepted; receive C．received; accept D．accepted; accept 2．What is the way George thought of  ______ enough money to buy the house? A．to get B．getting C．having got D．being got 3．China has made great efforts___________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 4．The new robot is going to ______ by Larry’s company in two weeks. A．test B．testing C．be tested D．have tested 5．The teacher told them ______ make so much noise. A．don’t B．not C．will not D．not to 6．Many people have already begun to do what they can __________ the environment. A．protecting B．protect C．to protect D．protected 7．A high-tech park is announced ________ in this area, but I don’t know when the project will be put into practice. A．to have built B．to have been built C．to be built D．to build 8．—I hope to take the computer course. —Good idea. __________ more about it, visit this website. A．To find out B．Finding out C．To be finding out D．Having found out 9．The elevated roads are flooded with large outdoor signboards of ads, which are designed ________ by passing car drivers. A．to read B．to be reading C．to have read D．to be read 10．When I am travelling, I always take something in case I am hungry. A．to eat B．eaten C．eating D．eat 二、语法填空 11．After months of careful research and comparison, the committee finally made their decision, only (select) the most ill-behaved candidate for the position. （所给词的适当形式填空） 12． (complete) the difficult project, Tom worked hard and put a lot of effort into it. 13．Atalanta was one of the cities (hit) in the hurricane. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．We should take measures (protect) the earth we live on.（用单词的适当形式完成句子） 15．It took a long time for the birthday cake (make).(所给词的适当形式填空) 16．They are close friends, so nothing is likely (threat) their relationship which many people find harmonious. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．The government troops were forced (withdraw). (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．It is suggested that you should practice more on daily basis to (sharp) your badminton skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19． (obtain) the degree, she has to pass all of the examinations. （所给词的适当形式填空） 20．The room needs (clean) every day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last October I left the UK behind and joined Gillotts School on their rugby and hockey tour in sunny Italy. It was my first time away on a sports tour and I could not have enjoyed it 21 (much)! Five days of sports, between training and matches with Italian players, but also plenty 22 time for sightseeing and free moments to enjoy an ice cream in the sun. 23 our flight had landed in Milan, we got on our coach and drove for a couple of hours towards our home for the week, the Hotel San Zeno, a 24 (comfort), family-run accommodation, with a splendid view of Lake Garda. Starting the day with a self-led training, enjoying a boat tour on the lake, wandering along the streets of Sirmione for a few hours and heading off 25 (play) a sport — these are just a few 26 (example) of the kind of adventures you could be having! The girls and boys on this tour seemed to enjoy 27 (they) thoroughly, especially after winning ALL of their games! I found myself 28 (cheer) them on like a proud aunt and celebrating afterwards with food, drink and social time, hosted by rugby clubs after matches. On the last day we headed back to 29 airport, but not before stopping in Milan! We 30 (pay) a visit to the San Siro museum and enjoyed a stadium tour before moving on to Milan city centre for an afternoon of shopping. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 动词不定式的用法（作定语和状语） 考点序号 考点聚焦 不定式作定语 后置定语，与被修饰名词构成动宾、主谓或同位关系；不定式主动形式表被动；常考“the first/last/next + to do”结构 不定式作状语 目的状语（in order to, so as to）；结果状语（only to do, too...to, enough to）；原因、条件、评注性状语；与-ing分词作状语的区别 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一：动词不定式作定语 【知识精讲】 不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词的后面（后置定语）。这是高考语法填空的高频考点。 1. 不定式与被修饰名词的逻辑关系 逻辑关系 说明 示例 转化方式 动宾关系 被修饰名词是不定式动词的宾语 I have a lot of work to do. do the work 主谓关系 被修饰名词是不定式动词的主语 He is the first to arrive. He arrives first 同位关系 不定式解释说明抽象名词的内容 He has the ability to solve the problem. ability = to solve… 介词宾语关系 不定式为不及物动词，需要加介词 I need a pen to write with. write with a pen 注意：当不定式与被修饰名词构成动宾关系，且不定式动词为不及物动词时，必须加上相应的介词，且介词不能省略。 He has no house to live in.（不能说 to live） Please give me a chair to sit on. 2. 不定式主动形式表被动意义 在“There be + 主语 + to do”结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义，这是高考常考考点。 There is no time to lose.（没有时间可浪费了）= to be lost There are many books to read.（有很多书要读）= to be read 辨析：如果强调动作的执行者，用主动形式更自然；如果需要明确表示被动，也可用被动式，但主动式更常见。 3. 修饰抽象名词的不定式 下列抽象名词后常接不定式作定语：ability, ambition, anxiety, attempt, chance, courage, decision, determination, effort, opportunity, plan, promise, refusal, responsibility, right, time, way, wish等。 He made a promise to help me. I have no chance to go abroad. 4. 修饰序数词、最高级或“the only/next/last”等 当被修饰词是序数词（the first, the second）、最高级（the best）或“the only, the next, the last”时，常用不定式作定语。 She is the only student to be praised. He is the best man to do the job. 5. 不定式与-ing分词作定语的区别 比较维度 不定式作定语 -ing分词作定语 时间关系 通常指将来动作 通常指正在进行或习惯性动作 逻辑关系 可表动宾、主谓、同位 多表主动/进行 示例对比 a meeting to be held tomorrow a meeting being held now 【典例破题】 （2024·新高考Ⅱ卷）语法填空 If you have any problems __________ (solve), please let me know. 【思路点拨】 ① 被修饰名词为problems；② 逻辑关系：solve problems（动宾关系）；③ 不定式作定语，表示“有待解决的问题”；④ 在“have + 名词 + to do”结构中常用主动形式表被动意义；⑤ 故填to solve。 【方法提炼】 不定式作定语三步破题： 1. 找名词：找出被修饰的名词/代词 2. 判关系：判断与动词是动宾、主谓还是同位关系 3. 定形式：动宾关系且主语是动作执行者时用主动（to do），否则用被动（to be done）；注意介词搭配 【巩固提升】（8小题，限时6分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. He is always the first __________ (come) and the last __________ (leave). 2. I have a composition __________ (write) this evening. 3. There are still many difficulties __________ (overcome). 4. Please lend me a pen __________ (write) with. 5. She has no desire __________ (travel) abroad. 6. The next train __________ (arrive) is from Shanghai. 7. He is looking for a room __________ (live) in. 8. The problem __________ (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting is very important. 参考答案： 1. to come; to leave（序数词后接不定式作定语） 2. to write（have + 名词 + to do，主动表被动） 3. to overcome（difficulties to overcome，主动表被动） 4. to write（write with a pen，介词不能省） 5. to travel（desire后接不定式作同位定语） 6. to arrive（the next train to arrive，主谓关系） 7. to live（live in a room，介词不可省） 8. to be discussed（tomorrow’s meeting提示将来，且problem与discuss被动） 考点二：动词不定式作状语 【知识精讲】 不定式作状语可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等多种意义，是高考的高频考点，尤其需要掌握与-ing分词作状语的区别。 1. 目的状语 不定式作目的状语是最常见的用法，可以转化为“in order to”或“so as to”（注意so as to不能置于句首）。 He got up early to catch the first bus. = He got up early in order to catch the first bus. To improve his English, he practices every day. In order to pass the exam, he studied hard.（句首只能用in order to，不能用so as to） 注意：否定形式为“not to do”或“in order not to do / so as not to do”。 He spoke quietly not to wake the baby. He left early so as not to miss the train. 2. 结果状语 不定式作结果状语常与only, too, enough, so...as to, such...as to等连用。 结构 含义 示例 only to do 意想不到的结果（常表失望、惊讶） He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. too...to do 太……而不能 He is too young to join the army. ...enough to do 足够……以至于能 He is old enough to go to school. so + adj/adv + as to do 如此……以至于 He was so angry as to shout at everyone. such + n + as to do 如此……以至于 It was such a loud noise as to wake the whole building. 辨析：-ing分词作结果状语表示“自然而然的结果”，而不定式（尤其only to do）常表示“出乎意料的、令人失望的结果”。 He died, leaving his wife a large debt.（自然结果） He rushed to the airport, only to be told the flight had been canceled.（意外结果） 3. 原因状语 不定式作原因状语多用在表示情感的形容词之后，说明产生这种情感的原因。 常见形容词：happy, glad, sad, sorry, surprised, delighted, lucky, proud, eager, anxious, foolish, cruel, right, wrong等。 I am sorry to hear that. She was surprised to see me there. We are proud to be Chinese. 注意：这种结构往往可与“主语+be+形容词+that从句”互换。如：I am glad that I have helped you. → I am glad to have helped you. 4. 条件状语 不定式作条件状语常用于“to do...，you will...”结构中，或与“if”引导的条件状语从句互换。 To look at him, you would think he is a millionaire.（= If you looked at him...） To hear him talk, you would think he knows everything. 5. 评注性状语（独立成分） 某些不定式短语用作独立成分，修饰整个句子，表示说话人的态度或评价。 常用短语：to tell the truth（说实话），to be honest（老实说），to be frank（坦率地说），to make matters worse（更糟的是），to begin with（首先）等。 To tell the truth, I don’t like him. To be honest, I have no idea. 6. 不定式作状语与-ing分词的对比 状语类型 不定式 -ing分词 目的 常用（强调意图） 不用 结果 意外结果（only to do） 自然结果（doing） 原因 多用于表情感形容词后 一般原因（Being ill...） 时间/伴随 不常用 常用 【典例破题】 例题1（2023·全国甲卷）语法填空 He hurried to the booking office, only __________ (tell) that the tickets had been sold out. 【思路点拨】 ① 句子已有谓语hurried；② “only + 不定式”结构表示意想不到的结果；③ 动词tell与主语He是被动关系（他被告诉）；④ 故填to be told。 【方法提炼】 结果状语判断：看到only出现在逗号后，几乎必填to do（或to be done），表意外结果。 例题2（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷）语法填空 __________ (improve) his pronunciation, he listens to English news every day. 【思路点拨】 ① 空格在句首，后跟逗号；② 谓语是listens，空格填非谓语作状语；③ “为了改善发音”表示目的；④ 故填To improve（句首不定式表目的）。 【方法提炼】 目的状语的识别：当句子表达“为了……”的意图时，用不定式；注意否定形式为not to do。 【巩固提升】（8小题，限时6分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. He worked day and night, only __________ (fail) in the end. 2. She was too nervous __________ (say) a word. 3. __________ (get) a better view, he climbed to the top of the hill. 4. We are delighted __________ (invite) to the party. 5. He is old enough __________ (take) care of himself. 6. __________ (tell) you the truth, I don’t agree with you. 7. He spoke loudly so as __________ (hear) by everyone. 8. __________ (hear) him talk, you would think he is an expert. 参考答案： 1. to fail（only to do表意外结果） 2. to say（too...to...） 3. To get（目的状语，句首用To） 4. to be invited（delighted to be invited，原因状语，被动） 5. to take（enough to do） 6. To tell（评注性状语，固定短语） 7. to be heard（so as to be heard，目的且被动） 8. To hear（条件状语，To hear him talk = If you heard him talk） 一、单项选择 1．Jenny ________ a present from Peter yesterday, but she didn’t want to ________ it. A．received; receive B．accepted; receive C．received; accept D．accepted; accept 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和不定式。句意：Jenny昨天从Peter那里收到了一个礼物，但是她不想接受这个礼物。根据句意可知，空1意为“收到”，应用动词receive，此处作谓语动词，时间状语为yesterday，应用一般过去时received；空2意为“接受”，应用动词accept，且此处为want to do，应用动词原形accept。故选C。 2．What is the way George thought of  ______ enough money to buy the house? A．to get B．getting C．having got D．being got 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：乔治想到的筹到足够的购房资金的方法是什么？“George thought of ”是定语从句，不要受其影响，way后加动词不定式to do作后置定语，a/the way to do sth“做某事的方法”，故选A。 3．China has made great efforts___________ other countries build high-speed railways. A．help B．to help C．helping D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意: 中国帮助其他国家建设高速铁路做出了巨大努力。根据make great efforts to do sth. 意为“努力做某事”，应用动词不定式。故选B。 4．The new robot is going to ______ by Larry’s company in two weeks. A．test B．testing C．be tested D．have tested 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：新机器人将在两周后由拉里的公司进行测试。A. test测试；B. testing正在测试；C. be tested被测试；D. have tested已经测试。根据空前的is going to“将要做某事”可知应填动词原形的形式，机器人与test之间为被动关系，应用动词不定式的被动语态。故选C项。 5．The teacher told them ______ make so much noise. A．don’t B．not C．will not D．not to 【答案】D 【详解】考查动词不定式的否定结构。句意：老师告诉他们不要弄出这么大的声音。固定搭配tell sb.(not) to do“告诉某人（不要）做某事”，所以，选项D符合题意。故选D项。 6．Many people have already begun to do what they can __________ the environment. A．protecting B．protect C．to protect D．protected 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：许多人已经开始尽他们所能来保护环境。根据“Many people have already begun to do what they can”可知，此处是指目的是保护环境，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。故选C。 7．A high-tech park is announced ________ in this area, but I don’t know when the project will be put into practice. A．to have built B．to have been built C．to be built D．to build 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说要在这个地区建一个高科技园区，但我不知道这个项目什么时候能付诸实施。短语announce to do sth.，且build与A high-tech park构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故选C。 8．—I hope to take the computer course. —Good idea. __________ more about it, visit this website. A．To find out B．Finding out C．To be finding out D．Having found out 【答案】A 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：---我希望选修计算机课程。---好主意。要想多了解计算机情况的话，去这个网站看看。由结构判断此处是非谓语短语位于句首表示目的，现在分词不做目的状语，排除CD选项。To be doing强调正在进行，不能做目的状语，故答案选A。 【点睛】本题考查不定式作目的状语。本题与2015年福建省第28题类似，To learnmore about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. 这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。 非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，考生要分辨出关系就可以锁定答案。 9．The elevated roads are flooded with large outdoor signboards of ads, which are designed ________ by passing car drivers. A．to read B．to be reading C．to have read D．to be read 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：高架道路上到处都是大型户外广告牌，这些广告牌是为过往的汽车司机阅读设计的。A. to read动词read不定式的一般式；B. to be reading动词read不定式的进行式；C. to have read动词read不定式的完成式；D. to be read动词read不定式的被动语态。句子分析可知，设空处应填动词不定式，which引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代先行词large outdoor signboards of ads，which与read之间为逻辑上的被动关系，结合空后的“by passing car drivers”可知，设空处应填动词read的不定式的被动语态to be read。故选D。 10．When I am travelling, I always take something in case I am hungry. A．to eat B．eaten C．eating D．eat 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我旅行时，我总是带些吃的东西以防我饿了。分析句子结构可知eat在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处修饰不定代词something，应用不定式作后置定语。故选A。 二、语法填空 11．After months of careful research and comparison, the committee finally made their decision, only (select) the most ill-behaved candidate for the position. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】to select 【详解】 考查不定式。句意：经过数月的仔细研究与比较，委员会最终做出了决定，结果却选出了该职位候选人中表现最差的那一位。句中“only + 不定式”是固定结构，用于表示出乎意料、令人失望的结果，作结果状语。故填to select。   12． (complete) the difficult project, Tom worked hard and put a lot of effort into it. 【答案】To complete 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了完成这个困难的项目，汤姆努力工作，付出了很大的努力。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填To complete 。 13．Atalanta was one of the cities (hit) in the hurricane. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be hit 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：亚特兰大是遭受飓风袭击的城市之一。此处不定式作后置定语，且hit与Atalanta构成被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be hit。 14．We should take measures (protect) the earth we live on.（用单词的适当形式完成句子） 【答案】to protect 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：我们应该采取措施保护我们居住的地球。take measures to do sth采取措施做某事。故填to protect。 15．It took a long time for the birthday cake (make).(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be made 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：制作这个生日蛋糕花了很长时间。此处为句型it takes/took some time to do sth.，且cake与make为被动关系，故用to be done形式。故填to be made。 16．They are close friends, so nothing is likely (threat) their relationship which many people find harmonious. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to threaten 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们是亲密的朋友，所以没有什么能威胁到他们的关系，很多人觉得他们的关系很和谐。be likely to do sth.有可能做某事。故填to threaten。 17．The government troops were forced (withdraw). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to withdraw 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政府军被迫撤退。根据空前的“were forced”可知，此处考查固定搭配be forced to do sth.，表示“被迫做某事”，所以空处需用动词不定式形式to withdraw，在句中作主语补足语。故填to withdraw。 18．It is suggested that you should practice more on daily basis to (sharp) your badminton skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】sharpen 【详解】考查动词。句意：建议你每天多练习，提高你的羽毛球技能。根据“to + 动词原形” 构成不定式表目的的用法可知，此空应是动词原形。所给词sharp是形容词，意为“锋利的；敏锐的”。其动词形式为sharpen，意为“提高；使敏锐”。“多练习”的目的是“提高羽毛球技能”，to sharpen your badminton skills在句中作目的状语。故填sharpen。 19． (obtain) the degree, she has to pass all of the examinations. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】To obtain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了获得学位，她必须通过所有的考试。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式作状语，表目的。句首字母大写，故填To obtain。 20．The room needs (clean) every day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】cleaning/to be cleaned 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个房间需要每天打扫。分析句子可知，“need”表“需要被……” 时的固定用法cleaning（动名词）：“need doing”是固定短语，主动形式隐含被动含义，无需额外加被动结构，也可为 to be cleaned（不定式被动式）：直接用被动结构明确“被打扫”的逻辑。两种形式均符合语法且语义一致。故填cleaning/to be cleaned。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last October I left the UK behind and joined Gillotts School on their rugby and hockey tour in sunny Italy. It was my first time away on a sports tour and I could not have enjoyed it 21 (much)! Five days of sports, between training and matches with Italian players, but also plenty 22 time for sightseeing and free moments to enjoy an ice cream in the sun. 23 our flight had landed in Milan, we got on our coach and drove for a couple of hours towards our home for the week, the Hotel San Zeno, a 24 (comfort), family-run accommodation, with a splendid view of Lake Garda. Starting the day with a self-led training, enjoying a boat tour on the lake, wandering along the streets of Sirmione for a few hours and heading off 25 (play) a sport — these are just a few 26 (example) of the kind of adventures you could be having! The girls and boys on this tour seemed to enjoy 27 (they) thoroughly, especially after winning ALL of their games! I found myself 28 (cheer) them on like a proud aunt and celebrating afterwards with food, drink and social time, hosted by rugby clubs after matches. On the last day we headed back to 29 airport, but not before stopping in Milan! We 30 (pay) a visit to the San Siro museum and enjoyed a stadium tour before moving on to Milan city centre for an afternoon of shopping. 【答案】 21．more 22．of 23．After 24．comfortable 25．to play 26．examples 27．themselves 28．cheering 29．the 30．paid 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙事了上周作者去意大利进行橄榄球和曲棍球巡回赛，并叙述了这段旅行期间所做，所看。 21．考查副词比较级。否定词+比较级表达最高级，意思是“再......也不为过”。所以空处填much的比较级more。故填more。 22．考查介词。plenty of“许多”为固定短语，即可以修饰可数名词复数，也可以修饰不可数名词。故填of。 23．考查连词。分析句子可知，作者到了米兰之后，又上了一辆长途大巴车。所以本句为after引导的时间状语从句。故填After。 24．考查形容词。comfortable为形容词修饰名词accommodation。故填 comfortable。 25．考查动词不定式。分析句子可知，本句为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to play。 26．考查名词复数。a few 修饰可数名词复数。故填examples。 27．考查代词。 enjoy oneself“玩的很开心”为固定短语。故填themselves。 28．考查现在分词。find sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词作宾语补足语。本句中的myself 与cheer在逻辑上是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填cheering。 29．考查冠词。airport为可数名词，在本句中表示特指，所以用定冠词the来修饰。故填the。 30．考查一般过去时。and并列连接谓语动词enjoyed和paid。故填paid。 【点睛】非谓语动词是考试考查的重点，要掌握它的用法。首先，要弄清楚填空处要填的是非谓语。其次，要知道非谓语动词的三种形式：现在分词表示主动进行、过去分词表示被动完成、动词不定式表示目的和将要。再次，要知道非谓语动作与谓语动作是同时发生还是先后发生，还是将要发生。 分析小题8的句子可知，find sb doing sth“发现某人正在做某事”，其中现在分词作宾语补足语。本句中的myself 与cheer在逻辑上是主动关系，所以应用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填cheering。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $