专题01 动词ing形式的用法（作定语、表语、宾补、状语、主语和宾语考点全解析）（暑假复习讲义）新高二英语人教版

专题01 动词ing形式的用法（作定语、表语、宾补、状语、主语和宾语考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 动词-ing作定语 单个-ing作前置定语；-ing短语作后置定语，与所修饰名词构成主动/进行关系，可转化为定语从句 动词-ing作表语 动名词作表语（说明主语内容）与现在分词作表语（表示主语特征）的辨析 动词-ing作宾补 感官动词和使役动词后接doing作宾补，表示动作正在进行；与不定式作宾补（全过程）的区别 动词-ing作状语 表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随/方式等；与主句主语构成逻辑主谓关系，可转化为状语从句 动词-ing作主语 动名词作主语，谓语用单数；it作形式主语的句型；“There is no + doing”固定结构 动词-ing作宾语 只接doing作宾语的动词（如avoid, enjoy）；介词后的动名词；动词+doing与+to do的区别 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 动词-ing形式作定语 【知识精讲】 基本形式回顾 形式 主动语态 被动语态 用法说明 一般式 doing being done 动作与谓语动词同时发生，或表示一般性动作 完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动词之前 否定式 not doing / not having done not being done / not having been done 在-ing前直接加not 动词-ing形式作定语，是高考语法填空和短文改错中的高频考点。 1. 单个动词-ing形式作前置定语 单个的-ing通常放在被修饰名词的前面，主要有两种情况： 类型 含义 示例 说明 表用途 说明被修饰词的“功能和用途” a reading room（阅览室）、a swimming pool（游泳池）、running shoes（跑鞋） 动名词性质，意为“供……用” 表状态/动作 表示被修饰词的“动作或状态” a sleeping baby（熟睡的婴儿）、boiling water（沸腾的水）、a barking dog（狂吠的狗） 现在分词性质，相当于“正在……的” 辨析：a smoking room（吸烟室——用途，动名词）vs a smoking man（正在吸烟的人——动作，现在分词） 2. -ing短语作后置定语 -ing短语作定语时，放在所修饰名词的后面，相当于一个定语从句，表示主动或进行的关系。 示例：The boy standing over there is my brother. = The boy who is standing over there is my brother. 示例：The professor giving a lecture is from Cambridge. = The professor who is giving a lecture is from Cambridge. 注意：现在分词短语作后置定语时，可表示： (1) 正在进行的动作（定语从句用进行时）；(2) 现在的状态（定语从句用一般时）。 3. -ing的被动形式作定语 被修饰名词与-ing形式之间是被动关系时，使用 being done 形式。 示例：The bridge being built now will be completed next year.（正在建造的桥） 4. 动名词与现在分词作定语对比 类型 修饰关系 逻辑关系 示例 动名词 表示用途 无主动/被动关系 a walking stick（手杖）→ a stick for walking 现在分词 表示动作 与名词构成主谓关系 a walking man（行走的人）→ a man who is walking 巧记：动名词说明“用来做什么”，现在分词说明“正在做什么”。 【典例破题】 （2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编）语法填空 The building __________ (build) over there is our new library. 【思路点拨】 ① 先分析句子结构：已有谓语动词is，空格处应填非谓语动词；② 判断逻辑关系：building与build之间是被动关系；③ 判断时间状语：over there和上下文暗示“正在建造”；④ 故应填being built，表示“正在被建造的”。 【方法提炼】 三步破题法： 1. 看逻辑：判断与所修饰名词是主动（doing）还是被动（being done） 2. 看时间：判断是正在进行（doing/being done）还是已经完成（done） 3. 看位置：单个-ing前置，短语后置 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The man __________ (stand) at the school gate is our headmaster. 2. There is a __________ (swim) pool in our community. 3. The problem __________ (discuss) at the meeting now is very important. 4. The __________ (rise) sun looks beautiful over the horizon. 5. The girl __________ (wear) a red dress is my cousin. 6. We live in a __________ (live) room facing south. 【答案】 1. standing（stand→standing，主动进行） 2. swimming（swimming pool表用途，动名词） 3. being discussed（被动且正在进行） 4. rising（the rising sun = the sun that is rising） 5. wearing（wear→wearing，主动关系） 6. living（living room表用途，动名词） 考点二：动词-ing形式作表语 【知识精讲】 动词-ing形式作表语是高考中容易混淆的考点，核心区别在于动名词和现在分词的不同功能。 1. 动名词作表语 动名词作表语时，说明主语的具体内容，主语和表语之间是等值关系，可以互换，句子意思不变。 My favorite sport is swimming. → Swimming is my favorite sport. Her job is teaching English. → Teaching English is her job. 特点：动名词作表语一般表示比较抽象的、习惯性的行为，后面可以接宾语和状语。 2. 现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语时，说明主语的性质、特征，相当于形容词，主语和表语不能互换。 The film is very moving. The story sounds interesting. The news is exciting. 辨析：现在分词作表语表示“令人……的”，主语通常是物；其过去分词形式（如interested, excited, moved）表示“感到……的”，主语通常是人。 3. 动名词与现在分词作表语对比 对比维度 动名词作表语 现在分词作表语 功能 说明主语的具体内容 说明主语的特征 可互换性 可与主语互换 不可互换 转化为 主语→表语 形容词 示例 His job is teaching（他的工作是教学） The movie is moving（这部电影很感人） 注意：判断动词-ing作表语是动名词还是现在分词，一看能否互换，二看-ing本身是否已形容词化（如interesting, exciting, moving等）。 【典例破题】 例题（2023·全国甲卷改编）语法填空 It is really __________ (amaze) that such a little boy can play the piano so well. 【思路点拨】 ① 判断句子结构：It is...that...句式中，空格在is后作表语；② 确定主语：that从句是真正主语，It是形式主语；③ 判断含义：此处需要表示“令人惊讶的”特征；④ 故填amazing（现在分词作表语）。 【方法提炼】 表语选择四步法： 说明内容+可互换→用动名词 说明特征+不可互换→用现在分词 表“使人……”→用现在分词（-ing） 表“感到……”→用过去分词（-ed） 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The news is really __________ (excite). Everyone jumped with joy. 2. His only hobby is __________ (collect) stamps. 3. The journey was __________ (tire), but we all enjoyed it. 4. What he likes best is __________ (make) model planes. 5. The speech was so __________ (bore) that many people fell asleep. 6. Seeing is __________ (believe). 【答案】 1. exciting（特征，令人兴奋的） 2. collecting（说明爱好内容，可互换） 3. tiring（特征，令人疲惫的） 4. making（说明内容，主语是What he likes best） 5. boring（特征，令人乏味的） 6. believing（谚语，眼见为实，动名词作表语） 考点三：动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 【知识精讲】 动词-ing形式作宾补是高考语法填空的难点，常与不定式作宾补进行比较考查。 1. 感官动词后接-ing作宾补 感官动词（see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, observe, find等）后可用-ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行，强调“看见/听见……正在做某事”。 I saw him crossing the street.（看见他正在过马路） We heard the children shouting upstairs.（听见孩子们正在楼上叫喊） I felt my heart beating violently.（觉得心脏在猛烈地跳动） 2. 使役动词后接-ing作宾补 使役动词（have, get, keep, leave, set, catch等）后可用-ing形式作宾补，表示“使/让……一直做某事”。 He kept me waiting for an hour.（他让我等了一个小时） I won’t have you running about in the room.（我不会让你在房间里到处跑） We kept the fire burning all night long.（我们让火整夜燃烧） 3. with复合结构 “with + 宾语 + doing”结构中，doing表示主动或正在进行的动作。 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. With so many people helping us, we finished the work ahead of time. 4. 与不定式作宾补的对比（重要！） 对比维度 doing作宾补 to do作宾补 意义 动作正在进行 动作全过程或已完成 强调 过程/片断 事实/结果 示例 I saw her getting on the bus.（看见她正在上车） I saw her get on the bus and drive off.（看见她上车开走了） 注意：如果宾语补足语是一系列动作，通常只能用不定式。例如：I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette. 5. 特别提示 have sb doing与have sb do的区别： have sb doing：让某人一直做某事（持续性） have sb do：让某人做某事（一次性） 【典例破题】 （2022·全国乙卷改编）语法填空 When I came in, I noticed a stranger __________ (stand) at the corner. 【思路点拨】 ① 主句谓语动词为noticed（感官动词）；② 分析逻辑关系：stranger与stand是主动关系；③ 时间状语when I came in暗示动作正在进行；④ 故填standing，表示“看见一个陌生人正站在角落”。 【方法提炼】 宾补判断三步法： 1. 看动词类型（感官v？使役v？） 2. 看逻辑关系（主动用doing，被动用done） 3. 看时间状态（进行用doing，完成用to do） 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I heard someone __________ (knock) at the door when I was reading. 2. Don’t leave the water __________ (run) while you are brushing your teeth. 3. We watched the children __________ (play) football on the playground. 4. With the teacher __________ (help) us, we made great progress. 5. She could feel her heart __________ (beat) fast with fear. 6. I saw him __________ (walk) into the library just now.（强调整个动作的过程） 【答案】 1. knocking（heard + sb + doing，正在进行） 2. running（leave + sth + doing，让……一直处于某状态） 3. playing（watched + children + playing，正在进行） 4. helping（with复合结构） 5. beating（feel + heart + beating，正在进行） 6. walk（saw + sb + do，强调看到全过程，just now提示动作已完成） 考点四：动词-ing形式作状语 【知识精讲】 动词-ing形式作状语是高考语法填空中最核心的考点之一，功能极为丰富。ing形式作状语时，动作的发出者一般是句子的主语，构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 1. 时间状语 表示谓语动作发生的时间，可以转化为时间状语从句。 Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing. = When he heard the news, he couldn’t help laughing. Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 注意：如果-ing动作发生在谓语动作之前，要用having done形式。 2. 原因状语 表示谓语动作发生的原因，可以转化为原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didn’t go to school. = Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school. Not knowing her address, I had to telephone her. = Because I didn’t know her address, I had to telephone her. 注意：作原因状语时，主句前不加so，否则不能使用-ing形式作状语。 3. 条件状语 表示谓语动作发生的条件，可以转化为条件状语从句。 Working hard, you will surely succeed. = If you work hard, you will surely succeed. Turning left, you will find the hospital. 4. 结果状语 表示谓语动作发生带来的顺理成章的结果，可以转化为并列句。现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. = … and hit his head. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 辨析：不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。如：He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 5. 方式、伴随状语 表示伴随谓语动作发生的另一动作，不转化或转化为并列谓语。 The students walked on the street, talking and laughing.（边走边聊） She sat there reading a novel. 6. 完成式作状语 当ing动作发生在谓语动作之前时，用having done形式。 Having worked for two days, he managed to finish his report.（先工作了2天，然后完成了报告） Having struggled for many years, he was finally admitted to a key university. 7. 被动式作状语 当-ing与主语是被动关系时，用being done或having been done。 Being laughed at for his mistakes, the boy was very upset. 8. 独立主格结构 当状语的主语和主句的主语不一致时，用“逻辑主语 + 现在分词”结构。 Weather permitting, we will go camping.（天气允许的话……） All the work finished, they went home. 9. 评注性状语 某些固定的-ing短语作独立成分，说明说话人的态度。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Judging from his accent, he is from the south. 10. 现在分词作状语的基本特征 状语类型 连词提示 转化方式 示例 时间 when, while 时间状语从句 Hearing the news… 原因 because, as, since 原因状语从句 Being ill… 条件 if, unless 条件状语从句 Working hard… 结果 so, and 并列句/结果状语从句 …, making him… 伴随/方式 and 并列谓语 …, talking and laughing 巧记：ing状语，前有时间/原因/条件/结果/伴随/方式，主句主语是逻辑主，主动进行记心间。五种状语各不同，转化从句便分明。 【典例破题】 例题（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷改编）语法填空 __________ (work) in the fields for a whole day, the farmer felt very tired. 【思路点拨】 ① 分析句子结构：已有谓语felt，空格应填非谓语动词作状语；② 判断逻辑关系：farmer与work是主动关系；③ 判断时间先后：“工作了一整天”发生在“感到疲惫”之前，动作已完成；④ 故填Having worked（现在分词完成式）。 【方法提炼】 状语解题三步法： 1. 找主语：确定-ing的逻辑主语是否是句子的主语 2. 定主动/被动：判断逻辑关系（主动用doing，被动用being done） 3. 看时间先后：同时/一般用doing，先于谓语用having done 【巩固提升】（8小题，限时8分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. __________ (finish) his homework, he went out to play football. 2. __________ (not know) the way to the station, he asked a policeman. 3. The old man was walking along the river, __________ (whistle) happily. 4. __________ (work) hard, and you will succeed. 5. __________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks magnificent. 6. He dropped the glass, __________ (break) it into pieces. 7. __________ (live) in Shanghai for three years, she knows every corner of the city. 8. __________ (judge) from his expression, he is very angry. 【答案】 1. Having finished（完成式，先完成作业再出去玩） 2. Not knowing（否定形式，不知道路） 3. whistling（伴随状语） 4. Work（注意！此处有and，为祈使句+and+并列句结构，填动词原形Work。此处为干扰项，考查学生是否掌握“并列句不能用分词状语”的规则） 5. Seen（此处需注意：主语city与see是被动关系，应用Seen。过去分词作状语表被动） 6. breaking（结果状语，自然结果） 7. Having lived（完成式，动作发生在谓语之前） 8. Judging（评注性状语，固定搭配） 考点五：动词-ing形式作主语 【知识精讲】 动词-ing形式（动名词）作主语是高考语法填空的高频考点，主要考查谓语动词的单复数以及固定句型。 1. 动名词直接作主语 动名词作主语时，通常表示习惯性、抽象性、一般性的动作或状态。谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading in the morning is a good habit.（早起读书是好习惯） Swimming gives us great pleasure.（游泳给我们带来极大快乐） Laughing is the best medicine.（笑是最好的良药） 注意：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的细微区别：动名词多表示抽象、习惯的动作，不定式多表示具体、某次的动作。 Smoking is harmful to health.（泛指吸烟，习惯性） To smoke here is not allowed.（指在此处吸烟，具体场合） 2. it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语 常见于以“It is + no use / no good / useless / a waste of time / worthwhile”等开头的句型中。 It is no use crying over spilt milk.（覆水难收） It is a waste of time playing computer games all day. It is worth making an effort. 巧记：it形式主句型，no use/good/worthwhile，后跟doing莫迟疑。 3. “There is no + doing”结构 该结构意为“不可能做某事”，是高考完形填空中的常见搭配。 There is no telling what will happen next.（无法预料接下来会发生什么） There is no denying that he is a great scientist. There is no accounting for taste.（人各有所好） 4. 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，用“物主代词/名词所有格 + doing”形式。 His coming late made the teacher angry. Tom’s being late for class is unacceptable. 注意：在非正式英语中，常用人称代词宾格或名词普通格代替，但高考语法填空建议用标准形式。 【典例破题】 例题（2023·全国乙卷改编）语法填空 __________ (take) regular exercise is beneficial to our health. 【思路点拨】 ① 分析句子结构：空格处在主语位置，谓语是is；② 判断语义：表示“定期锻炼”这一习惯性行为；③ 动名词作主语应使用doing形式；④ 故填Taking（首字母大写）。 【方法提炼】 主语位置填空三步法： 1. 看空位：空格在句首或谓语动词前，大概率作主语 2. 定形式：表示习惯/抽象动作→用doing 3. 判单复：doing作主语，谓语动词用单数 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. __________ (learn) a foreign language takes time and patience. 2. It is no good __________ (talk) without doing anything. 3. There is no __________ (tell) what may happen in the future. 4. __________ (collect) stamps is one of my hobbies. 5. His __________ (fail) to pass the exam made his parents worried. 6. It is a waste of time __________ (wait) for him any longer. 参考答案： 1. Learning（动名词作主语） 2. talking（It is no good doing...） 3. telling（There is no telling...） 4. Collecting（动名词作主语） 5. failing（复合结构：His failing作主语） 6. waiting（It is a waste of time doing...） 考点六：动词-ing形式作宾语 【知识精讲】 动词-ing形式作宾语是高考必考点，包括作动词宾语和介词宾语两类，重点是掌握只接doing作宾语的动词及动词短语，以及与不定式作宾语的辨析。 1. 只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词及短语（高频！） 类别 常见动词 巧记口诀 表示“避免、错过、放弃” avoid, miss, escape, give up “避免错过放弃” 表示“完成、停止、练习” finish, stop, practise, quit “完成停止练习” 表示“享受、喜欢、厌恶” enjoy, appreciate, dislike, hate, mind “享受讨厌介意” 表示“考虑、建议、允许” consider, suggest, advise, permit, allow “考虑建议允许” 表示“耽误、推迟、拖延” delay, postpone, put off “耽搁推迟” 表示“承认、否认、报告” admit, deny, report “承认否认报告” 短语动词 keep(on), insist on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, pay attention to, devote to, object to, get down to 注意：to是介词！ 巧记口诀：避免错过放弃（avoid, miss, give up），完成停止练习（finish, stop, practise），享受讨厌介意（enjoy, dislike, mind），考虑建议允许（consider, suggest, allow），耽搁推迟（delay, put off），承认否认（admit, deny），禁不住（can’t help），值得（be worth）。 2. 只接不定式作宾语的动词（对比记忆） 动词 示例 对比 want, wish, hope, expect, decide, refuse, promise, offer, pretend, plan, manage, fail, afford, agree He refused to help me. 不能接doing 3. 既可接doing又可接to do但意义不同的动词（高频易错点） 动词 + doing + to do remember 记得做过某事（已做） 记得去做某事（未做） forget 忘记做过某事（已做） 忘记去做某事（未做） regret 后悔做过某事 遗憾去做某事（未做） try 尝试做（方法） 努力做（目的） mean 意味着（解释） 打算做（意图） stop 停止做某事 停下来去做另一事 go on 继续做同一件事 接着做另一件事 can’t help 情不自禁 不能帮忙（后接(to) help） 辨析示例： I remember locking the door.（我记得锁了门） Please remember to lock the door.（记得去锁门） Try using a different method.（尝试换一种方法） Try to win the race.（努力赢得比赛） 4. 介词后接动名词作宾语 所有介词（in, on, at, of, from, for, about, without, by, after, before等）之后，动词必须用-ing形式。 Thank you for helping me. He left without saying goodbye. She is interested in reading novels. 注意：短语动词中的to是介词时，后接doing。如：look forward to, be used to, devote to, pay attention to, get down to, object to等。 5. need, require, want, deserve表示“需要”时 主语是物时，后接doing主动形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done。 The room needs cleaning (= to be cleaned). Your hair wants cutting (= to be cut). 【典例破题】 例题1（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编）语法填空 I really appreciate __________ (have) such a wonderful opportunity to study abroad. 【思路点拨】 ① 谓语动词appreciate意为“感激”；② 该动词只能接doing作宾语；③ 故填having。 例题2（2023·全国甲卷改编）语法填空 When I entered the room, I found him __________ (read) a book and didn’t notice me. 【思路点拨】 ① 此处found him...是“find + 宾语 + 宾补”结构；② 但若想表达“发现他在读书”应用reading；然而题干中空格后是“a book and didn’t notice me”，实际上这里更合适的分析：谓语动词found后接宾语him，后面应接宾补reading；但题目要求填动词形式，我们按标准答案给出。不过典型的高考考点是介词后作宾语。为了不混淆，换一个典型题目。 换用：He was accused of __________ (steal) the money. 【思路点拨】 ① of为介词；② 介词后动词用-ing形式；③ 故填stealing。 【方法提炼】 宾语位置填空三步法： 1. 看动词：谓语动词是只能接doing（如enjoy），还是只能接to do（如want），还是两者皆可但意义不同（如remember） 2. 看介词：介词后一律用doing 3. 看逻辑：注意主动表被动（need doing）和意义区别 【巩固提升】（8小题，限时6分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Would you mind __________ (turn) down the music a little? 2. He is looking forward to __________ (visit) the Great Wall. 3. I still remember __________ (see) her for the first time when she was only five. 4. Don’t forget __________ (lock) the door when you leave. 5. The flowers need __________ (water). 6. He devoted all his life to __________ (help) the poor. 7. I can’t help __________ (laugh) when I hear the joke. 8. Try __________ (add) some salt to the soup if it’s too bland. 参考答案： 1. turning（mind doing） 2. visiting（look forward to中to为介词） 3. seeing（remember doing，记得做过） 4. to lock（forget to do，忘记去做） 5. watering（need doing = need to be watered） 6. helping（devote to中to为介词） 7. laughing（can’t help doing，情不自禁） 8. adding（try doing，尝试做） 一、单项选择 1．—What made your partner look so surprised? —________ of stealing by his good friend. A．Accused B．Accusing C．To accuse D．Being accused 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：——是什么让你的伙伴看起来那么惊讶？——被他的好朋友指控偷窃。根据句意，答句补充完整应为: _ of stealing by his good friend made my partner look so surprised. 这里省略了和前句相同部分，应使用动名词作主语，而accuse和partner之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用动名词的被动形式，即being accused。故选D。 2．You'll imagine what difficulty we had ________ home in the snowstorm. A．to walk B．having walked C．walked D．walking 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你可以想象我们在暴风雪中走回家有多困难。have difficulty （in）doing sth。动名词作宾语。故选D项。 3．_______he's only been learning English for a year，he speaks it very well. A．Considered B．Considering C．Having considered D．To consider 【答案】B 4．_________ the earthquake was quite an unusual experience for him. A．Survive B．To survive C．Surviving D．Survived 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词。句意：在地震中幸存下来对他来说是一次不寻常的经历。空格处用动名词作主语，故选C。 5．They sat in the garden, ______ about the days they spent together. A．talk B．talked C．talking D．talks 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们坐在花园里，谈论他们在一起度过的日子。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语They与talk之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作伴随状语。故选C。 6．At that time ________two important players ________a big problem for Lang Ping. A．to lose; is B．losing; was C．lose; was D．losing; is 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：当时，失去两名重要球员对郎平来说是个大问题。第一空，作句子的主语，应用动名词形式；第二空，根据上文At that time可知用一般过去时，主语为动名词，谓语动词用单数。故选B。 7．The pen _______ so well and I think it is worth _______. A．is written; buying B．writes; to be bought C．writes; buying D．wrote; being bought 【答案】C 【详解】考查主动表被动。句意：这支笔很好用，我认为值得买。谓语动词write和主语pen之间虽然是被动关系，但表示“写得好”通常用主动形式表被动，描述客观事实，用一般现在时，故第一个空直接用单三形式writes；be worth doing是固定短语，意为“（某事）值得（被）做”，后跟动名词用主动形式表示被动含义，故第二个空用动名词buying作宾语。故选C项。 8．You can not imagine a child ________so cruelly. A．to treat B．treating C．being treated D．to be treated 【答案】C 【详解】试题分析：考查动名词的被动，imagine后面接动名词做宾语，child和treat是被动关系，用动名词的被动做宾语，句意：你不能想象一个孩子被这么残忍的对待。选C。 考点：考查动名词的被动 点评：有些动词后面要接动名词做宾语，如：pratise，enjoy，mind，appreciate等，除了注意是动名词还要注意用被动。 9．It’s no good ________ for other people to make decisions for you. A．to wait B．wait C．waiting D．to be waiting 【答案】C 【详解】考查动名词作主语。句意：等待别人为你做决定是没有用的。It’s no good doing sth意为“做某事没有好处”为固定句型，其中it作形式主语，动名词作真正的主语。故选C项。 10．_______ in the leg made it impossible for him to walk to school every day. A．Being injured B．Injured C．Having injured D．Injuring 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：考查动名词做主语：句意：腿部受伤使他每天不可能走到学校。这句话的谓语是made，说明前面的是主语，用动名词，因为腿是被弄伤，所以用动名词的被动。选A。 考点：考查动名词做主语 二、语法填空 11．A special task force (consist) of senior medical experts is to help guide treatment in makeshift hospitals (方舱医院). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】consisting 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：由资深医学专家组成的特别工作组将帮助指导方舱医院的治疗。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语修饰名词A special task force，根据句意，consist of意为“由……组成”，与A special task force之间为主动关系，所以此处需要使用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。 12．As a musician, she has spent years (perfect) her technique. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】perfecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名音乐家，她花了多年时间完善自己的演奏技巧。此处为短语spend time doing sth.，动名词作宾语。故填perfecting。 13． (strength) social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Strengthening 【详解】考查动名词。句意：加强社会联系有助于建立社区，保护个人免受压力。空格处要用动名词作主语，strength的动词是strengthen，动名词是strengthening，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Strengthening。 14．To avoid (punish), John preferred not to tell the truth that he broke the vase. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being punished 【详解】考查动名词。句意：为了避免受到惩罚，约翰宁愿不说他打碎花瓶的真相。此处为非谓语动词作avoid的宾语，根据avoid doing表示“避免做某事”可知，此处使用动名词形式作宾语，结合句意，John与avoid之间为被动关系，所以此处使用动名词的被动形式being punished。故答案是being punished。 15．There was a terrible noise (follow) the sudden burst of light. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】following 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着突然的亮光，传来一阵可怕的声音。分析句子可知，句中已有谓语动词There was，且空前无连接词，因此此处要用非谓语动词，由a terrible noise和follow之间是主动关系，可知此处要用现在分词。故填following。 16．With exams (approach), it’s a good idea to review your class notes. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】approaching 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：随着考试的临近，复习课堂笔记是个好主意。分析句子结构，本句中包含with复合结构，空白处在句子中做宾补，因与其逻辑主语exams之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，使用现在分词，故填approaching。 17．I look forward to (receive) your reply. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】receiving 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我期待着收到你的回复。look forward to中的to是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填receiving。 18．She is interested in (collect) stamps from different countries. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】collecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她对收集不同国家的邮票感兴趣。be interested in doing sth.是固定搭配，其中in是介词，后接动名词作宾语。故填collecting。 19． (finish) his homework, Tom went to help his mom with the dishes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Having finished 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：完成作业后，汤姆去帮妈妈洗碗了”。本句已有谓语went，设空处为非谓语动词，“finish”动作发生在“went”之前，逻辑主语“Tom”与“finish”是主动关系，用现在分词的完成式作状语，位于句首单词，首字母需大写。故填Having finished。 20．The ancient building remained, (function) as shelters for many homeless people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】functioning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座古建筑仍然存在，为许多无家可归的人提供庇护。句中已有remained，空处作非谓语动词，function与逻辑主语The ancient building之间是主动关系，所以空处需用现在分词functioning作状语。故填functioning。 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One evening 18,000 BC, Lala turned for home with her collections of nuts and fruits. A feast was waiting for her, 21 was a family reunion after a long 22 （ separate）. How excited she was to meet his husband, Dahu, again!  Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her steps 23 （ fear） there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. She had almost reached her destination 24 a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. The smell of meat filled the air and her senses became dizzy 25 hunger. She saw the great dinner was well 26 （ prepare）  . The family were doing their own duties and Dahu, with 27 （ strong ） pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones, 28 （ sharpen ） his tools. The first guests 29 （ arrive） for dinner were all from the neighbouring caves. Lala's  spirits 30 （ rise）. She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours. 【答案】 21．which 22．separation 23．fearing 24．when 25．with 26．prepared 27．strongly 28．was sharpening 29．to arrive 30．rose 【分析】本文属于故事，讲述原始人的生活场景。 21．考查定语从句。分析句子可知，was a family reunion after a long 　　2　　（ separate）为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the feast，从句缺乏主语，故用关系代词which。 22．考查名词。形容词long修饰名词，故用separation。 23．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，fear作伴随状语，与其逻辑主语Lala为主谓关系，故用现在分词形式fearing。 24．考查时间状语从句。本句为结构had done sth when刚做完某事突然，故用when。 25．考查介词。分析句子可知，名词hunger作介词的宾语，故用with hunger 饥饿地，故用with。 26．考查被动语态。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，prepare与主语dinner为动宾关系，故用被动语态，故用过去分词形式prepared。 27．考查副词。修饰形容词pronounced用副词，故用strongly。 28．考查过去进行时。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，sharpen与主语为主谓关系，由于and并列，表示两个动作同时进行，前一句为进行时，则本句也应用进行时，故用was sharpening。 29．考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，guests由序数词修饰，后置定语用不定式，故用to arrive。 30．考查一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，rise与主语spirits为主谓关系，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时rose。 / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 动词ing形式的用法（作定语、表语、宾补、状语、主语和宾语考点全解析） 考点序号 考点聚焦 动词-ing作定语 单个-ing作前置定语；-ing短语作后置定语，与所修饰名词构成主动/进行关系，可转化为定语从句 动词-ing作表语 动名词作表语（说明主语内容）与现在分词作表语（表示主语特征）的辨析 动词-ing作宾补 感官动词和使役动词后接doing作宾补，表示动作正在进行；与不定式作宾补（全过程）的区别 动词-ing作状语 表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随/方式等；与主句主语构成逻辑主谓关系，可转化为状语从句 动词-ing作主语 动名词作主语，谓语用单数；it作形式主语的句型；“There is no + doing”固定结构 动词-ing作宾语 只接doing作宾语的动词（如avoid, enjoy）；介词后的动名词；动词+doing与+to do的区别 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 动词-ing形式作定语 【知识精讲】 基本形式回顾 形式 主动语态 被动语态 用法说明 一般式 doing being done 动作与谓语动词同时发生，或表示一般性动作 完成式 having done having been done 动作发生在谓语动词之前 否定式 not doing / not having done not being done / not having been done 在-ing前直接加not 动词-ing形式作定语，是高考语法填空和短文改错中的高频考点。 1. 单个动词-ing形式作前置定语 单个的-ing通常放在被修饰名词的前面，主要有两种情况： 类型 含义 示例 说明 表用途 说明被修饰词的“功能和用途” a reading room（阅览室）、a swimming pool（游泳池）、running shoes（跑鞋） 动名词性质，意为“供……用” 表状态/动作 表示被修饰词的“动作或状态” a sleeping baby（熟睡的婴儿）、boiling water（沸腾的水）、a barking dog（狂吠的狗） 现在分词性质，相当于“正在……的” 辨析：a smoking room（吸烟室——用途，动名词）vs a smoking man（正在吸烟的人——动作，现在分词） 2. -ing短语作后置定语 -ing短语作定语时，放在所修饰名词的后面，相当于一个定语从句，表示主动或进行的关系。 示例：The boy standing over there is my brother. = The boy who is standing over there is my brother. 示例：The professor giving a lecture is from Cambridge. = The professor who is giving a lecture is from Cambridge. 注意：现在分词短语作后置定语时，可表示： (1) 正在进行的动作（定语从句用进行时）；(2) 现在的状态（定语从句用一般时）。 3. -ing的被动形式作定语 被修饰名词与-ing形式之间是被动关系时，使用 being done 形式。 示例：The bridge being built now will be completed next year.（正在建造的桥） 4. 动名词与现在分词作定语对比 类型 修饰关系 逻辑关系 示例 动名词 表示用途 无主动/被动关系 a walking stick（手杖）→ a stick for walking 现在分词 表示动作 与名词构成主谓关系 a walking man（行走的人）→ a man who is walking 巧记：动名词说明“用来做什么”，现在分词说明“正在做什么”。 【典例破题】 （2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编）语法填空 The building __________ (build) over there is our new library. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The man __________ (stand) at the school gate is our headmaster. 2. There is a __________ (swim) pool in our community. 3. The problem __________ (discuss) at the meeting now is very important. 4. The __________ (rise) sun looks beautiful over the horizon. 5. The girl __________ (wear) a red dress is my cousin. 6. We live in a __________ (live) room facing south. 考点二：动词-ing形式作表语 【知识精讲】 动词-ing形式作表语是高考中容易混淆的考点，核心区别在于动名词和现在分词的不同功能。 1. 动名词作表语 动名词作表语时，说明主语的具体内容，主语和表语之间是等值关系，可以互换，句子意思不变。 My favorite sport is swimming. → Swimming is my favorite sport. Her job is teaching English. → Teaching English is her job. 特点：动名词作表语一般表示比较抽象的、习惯性的行为，后面可以接宾语和状语。 2. 现在分词作表语 现在分词作表语时，说明主语的性质、特征，相当于形容词，主语和表语不能互换。 The film is very moving. The story sounds interesting. The news is exciting. 辨析：现在分词作表语表示“令人……的”，主语通常是物；其过去分词形式（如interested, excited, moved）表示“感到……的”，主语通常是人。 3. 动名词与现在分词作表语对比 对比维度 动名词作表语 现在分词作表语 功能 说明主语的具体内容 说明主语的特征 可互换性 可与主语互换 不可互换 转化为 主语→表语 形容词 示例 His job is teaching（他的工作是教学） The movie is moving（这部电影很感人） 注意：判断动词-ing作表语是动名词还是现在分词，一看能否互换，二看-ing本身是否已形容词化（如interesting, exciting, moving等）。 【典例破题】 例题（2023·全国甲卷改编）语法填空 It is really __________ (amaze) that such a little boy can play the piano so well. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. The news is really __________ (excite). Everyone jumped with joy. 2. His only hobby is __________ (collect) stamps. 3. The journey was __________ (tire), but we all enjoyed it. 4. What he likes best is __________ (make) model planes. 5. The speech was so __________ (bore) that many people fell asleep. 6. Seeing is __________ (believe). 考点三：动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 【知识精讲】 动词-ing形式作宾补是高考语法填空的难点，常与不定式作宾补进行比较考查。 1. 感官动词后接-ing作宾补 感官动词（see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, observe, find等）后可用-ing形式作宾补，表示动作正在进行，强调“看见/听见……正在做某事”。 I saw him crossing the street.（看见他正在过马路） We heard the children shouting upstairs.（听见孩子们正在楼上叫喊） I felt my heart beating violently.（觉得心脏在猛烈地跳动） 2. 使役动词后接-ing作宾补 使役动词（have, get, keep, leave, set, catch等）后可用-ing形式作宾补，表示“使/让……一直做某事”。 He kept me waiting for an hour.（他让我等了一个小时） I won’t have you running about in the room.（我不会让你在房间里到处跑） We kept the fire burning all night long.（我们让火整夜燃烧） 3. with复合结构 “with + 宾语 + doing”结构中，doing表示主动或正在进行的动作。 He fell asleep with the lamp burning. With so many people helping us, we finished the work ahead of time. 4. 与不定式作宾补的对比（重要！） 对比维度 doing作宾补 to do作宾补 意义 动作正在进行 动作全过程或已完成 强调 过程/片断 事实/结果 示例 I saw her getting on the bus.（看见她正在上车） I saw her get on the bus and drive off.（看见她上车开走了） 注意：如果宾语补足语是一系列动作，通常只能用不定式。例如：I saw him enter the room, sit down and light a cigarette. 5. 特别提示 have sb doing与have sb do的区别： have sb doing：让某人一直做某事（持续性） have sb do：让某人做某事（一次性） 【典例破题】 （2022·全国乙卷改编）语法填空 When I came in, I noticed a stranger __________ (stand) at the corner. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. I heard someone __________ (knock) at the door when I was reading. 2. Don’t leave the water __________ (run) while you are brushing your teeth. 3. We watched the children __________ (play) football on the playground. 4. With the teacher __________ (help) us, we made great progress. 5. She could feel her heart __________ (beat) fast with fear. 6. I saw him __________ (walk) into the library just now.（强调整个动作的过程） 考点四：动词-ing形式作状语 【知识精讲】 动词-ing形式作状语是高考语法填空中最核心的考点之一，功能极为丰富。ing形式作状语时，动作的发出者一般是句子的主语，构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 1. 时间状语 表示谓语动作发生的时间，可以转化为时间状语从句。 Hearing the news, he couldn’t help laughing. = When he heard the news, he couldn’t help laughing. Walking in the park, I met an old friend. 注意：如果-ing动作发生在谓语动作之前，要用having done形式。 2. 原因状语 表示谓语动作发生的原因，可以转化为原因状语从句。 Being ill, he didn’t go to school. = Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school. Not knowing her address, I had to telephone her. = Because I didn’t know her address, I had to telephone her. 注意：作原因状语时，主句前不加so，否则不能使用-ing形式作状语。 3. 条件状语 表示谓语动作发生的条件，可以转化为条件状语从句。 Working hard, you will surely succeed. = If you work hard, you will surely succeed. Turning left, you will find the hospital. 4. 结果状语 表示谓语动作发生带来的顺理成章的结果，可以转化为并列句。现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果。 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. = … and hit his head. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. 辨析：不定式作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。如：He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 5. 方式、伴随状语 表示伴随谓语动作发生的另一动作，不转化或转化为并列谓语。 The students walked on the street, talking and laughing.（边走边聊） She sat there reading a novel. 6. 完成式作状语 当ing动作发生在谓语动作之前时，用having done形式。 Having worked for two days, he managed to finish his report.（先工作了2天，然后完成了报告） Having struggled for many years, he was finally admitted to a key university. 7. 被动式作状语 当-ing与主语是被动关系时，用being done或having been done。 Being laughed at for his mistakes, the boy was very upset. 8. 独立主格结构 当状语的主语和主句的主语不一致时，用“逻辑主语 + 现在分词”结构。 Weather permitting, we will go camping.（天气允许的话……） All the work finished, they went home. 9. 评注性状语 某些固定的-ing短语作独立成分，说明说话人的态度。 Generally speaking, girls are more careful than boys. Judging from his accent, he is from the south. 10. 现在分词作状语的基本特征 状语类型 连词提示 转化方式 示例 时间 when, while 时间状语从句 Hearing the news… 原因 because, as, since 原因状语从句 Being ill… 条件 if, unless 条件状语从句 Working hard… 结果 so, and 并列句/结果状语从句 …, making him… 伴随/方式 and 并列谓语 …, talking and laughing 巧记：ing状语，前有时间/原因/条件/结果/伴随/方式，主句主语是逻辑主，主动进行记心间。五种状语各不同，转化从句便分明。 【典例破题】 例题（2024·新高考Ⅱ卷改编）语法填空 __________ (work) in the fields for a whole day, the farmer felt very tired. 【巩固提升】（8小题，限时8分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. __________ (finish) his homework, he went out to play football. 2. __________ (not know) the way to the station, he asked a policeman. 3. The old man was walking along the river, __________ (whistle) happily. 4. __________ (work) hard, and you will succeed. 5. __________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks magnificent. 6. He dropped the glass, __________ (break) it into pieces. 7. __________ (live) in Shanghai for three years, she knows every corner of the city. 8. __________ (judge) from his expression, he is very angry. 考点五：动词-ing形式作主语 【知识精讲】 动词-ing形式（动名词）作主语是高考语法填空的高频考点，主要考查谓语动词的单复数以及固定句型。 1. 动名词直接作主语 动名词作主语时，通常表示习惯性、抽象性、一般性的动作或状态。谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading in the morning is a good habit.（早起读书是好习惯） Swimming gives us great pleasure.（游泳给我们带来极大快乐） Laughing is the best medicine.（笑是最好的良药） 注意：动名词作主语与不定式作主语的细微区别：动名词多表示抽象、习惯的动作，不定式多表示具体、某次的动作。 Smoking is harmful to health.（泛指吸烟，习惯性） To smoke here is not allowed.（指在此处吸烟，具体场合） 2. it作形式主语，动名词作真正主语 常见于以“It is + no use / no good / useless / a waste of time / worthwhile”等开头的句型中。 It is no use crying over spilt milk.（覆水难收） It is a waste of time playing computer games all day. It is worth making an effort. 巧记：it形式主句型，no use/good/worthwhile，后跟doing莫迟疑。 3. “There is no + doing”结构 该结构意为“不可能做某事”，是高考完形填空中的常见搭配。 There is no telling what will happen next.（无法预料接下来会发生什么） There is no denying that he is a great scientist. There is no accounting for taste.（人各有所好） 4. 动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，用“物主代词/名词所有格 + doing”形式。 His coming late made the teacher angry. Tom’s being late for class is unacceptable. 注意：在非正式英语中，常用人称代词宾格或名词普通格代替，但高考语法填空建议用标准形式。 【典例破题】 例题（2023·全国乙卷改编）语法填空 __________ (take) regular exercise is beneficial to our health. 【巩固提升】（6小题，限时5分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. __________ (learn) a foreign language takes time and patience. 2. It is no good __________ (talk) without doing anything. 3. There is no __________ (tell) what may happen in the future. 4. __________ (collect) stamps is one of my hobbies. 5. His __________ (fail) to pass the exam made his parents worried. 6. It is a waste of time __________ (wait) for him any longer. 考点六：动词-ing形式作宾语 【知识精讲】 动词-ing形式作宾语是高考必考点，包括作动词宾语和介词宾语两类，重点是掌握只接doing作宾语的动词及动词短语，以及与不定式作宾语的辨析。 1. 只接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词及短语（高频！） 类别 常见动词 巧记口诀 表示“避免、错过、放弃” avoid, miss, escape, give up “避免错过放弃” 表示“完成、停止、练习” finish, stop, practise, quit “完成停止练习” 表示“享受、喜欢、厌恶” enjoy, appreciate, dislike, hate, mind “享受讨厌介意” 表示“考虑、建议、允许” consider, suggest, advise, permit, allow “考虑建议允许” 表示“耽误、推迟、拖延” delay, postpone, put off “耽搁推迟” 表示“承认、否认、报告” admit, deny, report “承认否认报告” 短语动词 keep(on), insist on, feel like, be used to, look forward to, pay attention to, devote to, object to, get down to 注意：to是介词！ 巧记口诀：避免错过放弃（avoid, miss, give up），完成停止练习（finish, stop, practise），享受讨厌介意（enjoy, dislike, mind），考虑建议允许（consider, suggest, allow），耽搁推迟（delay, put off），承认否认（admit, deny），禁不住（can’t help），值得（be worth）。 2. 只接不定式作宾语的动词（对比记忆） 动词 示例 对比 want, wish, hope, expect, decide, refuse, promise, offer, pretend, plan, manage, fail, afford, agree He refused to help me. 不能接doing 3. 既可接doing又可接to do但意义不同的动词（高频易错点） 动词 + doing + to do remember 记得做过某事（已做） 记得去做某事（未做） forget 忘记做过某事（已做） 忘记去做某事（未做） regret 后悔做过某事 遗憾去做某事（未做） try 尝试做（方法） 努力做（目的） mean 意味着（解释） 打算做（意图） stop 停止做某事 停下来去做另一事 go on 继续做同一件事 接着做另一件事 can’t help 情不自禁 不能帮忙（后接(to) help） 辨析示例： I remember locking the door.（我记得锁了门） Please remember to lock the door.（记得去锁门） Try using a different method.（尝试换一种方法） Try to win the race.（努力赢得比赛） 4. 介词后接动名词作宾语 所有介词（in, on, at, of, from, for, about, without, by, after, before等）之后，动词必须用-ing形式。 Thank you for helping me. He left without saying goodbye. She is interested in reading novels. 注意：短语动词中的to是介词时，后接doing。如：look forward to, be used to, devote to, pay attention to, get down to, object to等。 5. need, require, want, deserve表示“需要”时 主语是物时，后接doing主动形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done。 The room needs cleaning (= to be cleaned). Your hair wants cutting (= to be cut). 【典例破题】 例题1（2024·新高考Ⅰ卷改编）语法填空 I really appreciate __________ (have) such a wonderful opportunity to study abroad. 【思路点拨】 ① 谓语动词appreciate意为“感激”；② 该动词只能接doing作宾语；③ 故填having。 例题2（2023·全国甲卷改编）语法填空 When I entered the room, I found him __________ (read) a book and didn’t notice me. 【巩固提升】（8小题，限时6分钟） 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Would you mind __________ (turn) down the music a little? 2. He is looking forward to __________ (visit) the Great Wall. 3. I still remember __________ (see) her for the first time when she was only five. 4. Don’t forget __________ (lock) the door when you leave. 5. The flowers need __________ (water). 6. He devoted all his life to __________ (help) the poor. 7. I can’t help __________ (laugh) when I hear the joke. 8. Try __________ (add) some salt to the soup if it’s too bland. 一、单项选择 1．—What made your partner look so surprised? —________ of stealing by his good friend. A．Accused B．Accusing C．To accuse D．Being accused 2．You'll imagine what difficulty we had ________ home in the snowstorm. A．to walk B．having walked C．walked D．walking 3．_______he's only been learning English for a year，he speaks it very well. A．Considered B．Considering C．Having considered D．To consider 4．_________ the earthquake was quite an unusual experience for him. A．Survive B．To survive C．Surviving D．Survived A．talk B．talked C．talking D．talks 6．At that time ________two important players ________a big problem for Lang Ping. A．to lose; is B．losing; was C．lose; was D．losing; is 7．The pen _______ so well and I think it is worth _______. A．is written; buying B．writes; to be bought C．writes; buying D．wrote; being bought 8．You can not imagine a child ________so cruelly. A．to treat B．treating C．being treated D．to be treated 9．It’s no good ________ for other people to make decisions for you. A．to wait B．wait C．waiting D．to be waiting 10．_______ in the leg made it impossible for him to walk to school every day. A．Being injured B．Injured C．Having injured D．Injuring 二、语法填空 11．A special task force (consist) of senior medical experts is to help guide treatment in makeshift hospitals (方舱医院). (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．As a musician, she has spent years (perfect) her technique. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13． (strength) social ties helps build communities and protect individuals against stress. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．To avoid (punish), John preferred not to tell the truth that he broke the vase. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．There was a terrible noise (follow) the sudden burst of light. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．With exams (approach), it’s a good idea to review your class notes. （所给词的适当形式填空） 17．I look forward to (receive) your reply. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．She is interested in (collect) stamps from different countries. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19． (finish) his homework, Tom went to help his mom with the dishes. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．The ancient building remained, (function) as shelters for many homeless people. (所给词的适当形式填空) 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 One evening 18,000 BC, Lala turned for home with her collections of nuts and fruits. A feast was waiting for her, 21 was a family reunion after a long 22 （ separate）. How excited she was to meet his husband, Dahu, again!  Having heard wolves howling in the forest, Lala accelerated her steps 23 （ fear） there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her. She had almost reached her destination 24 a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. The smell of meat filled the air and her senses became dizzy 25 hunger. She saw the great dinner was well 26 （ prepare）  . The family were doing their own duties and Dahu, with 27 （ strong ） pronounced eyebrows and cheekbones, 28 （ sharpen ） his tools. The first guests 29 （ arrive） for dinner were all from the neighbouring caves. Lala's  spirits 30 （ rise）. She smiled to herself gaily and went out of the cave to welcome her friends and neighbours. / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $