内容正文:
专题07 动词和动词短语
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 动词的词形转换
知识解构 知识点1 加-en后缀构成动词 知识点2 加-en/-em前缀构成动词 知识点3 加-ise/ize后缀构成动词 知识点4 -ify 为后缀的动词 知识点5 形容词/名词 + -ate 构成的动词
考向破译 考向 1 名词数的判断及变化形式 考向02 复杂语境下名词单复数的判断
考点二 动词词义辨析
知识解构 知识点1 阅读理解常考的动词词义 知识点2 完形填空常考的动词词义
考向破译 考向01 考查在单句语境中的动词词义辨析 考向02 考查完形填空语境中的动词词义辨析 考向03 考查阅读理解中的关键动词词义 考向04 找准谓语动词是解决长难句的关键
考点三 动词的熟词生义
知识解构 知识点1 2026年高考真题熟词生义 知识点2 2025年高考真题熟词生义 知识点3 2024年高考真题熟词生义 知识点4 2023年高考真题熟词生义
考向破译 考向 考查动词的熟词生义
考点四 动词的一词多义
知识解构 知识点 常考的动词的一词多义
考向破译 考向 考查一词多义
考点五 动词短语
知识解构 知识点1 动词+介词/副词 知识点2 动词+名词 知识点3 动词短语的一词多义
考向破译 考向01 考查在完形填空语境中的动词短语 考向02 考查动词短语在阅读理解中的含义 考向03 考查动词短语辨析
考点六 动词概述
知识解构 知识点1 系动词 知识点2 助动词 知识点3 情态动词 知识点4 实义动词
考向破译 考向01 对系动词、情态动词、助动词的用法考查 考向02 及物动词和不及物动词在复杂语境下词义及词形变化的考查
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026年
2025年
2024年
动词词义辨析
(2026·全国I卷)dream;lie;hear;complain;value;admit;fear;remember;inspire;trust;remind;challenge;touring;changing;leaving;protecting(2026·全国II卷)changed;ruined;revealed;interrupted;kept;left;held;took;tried;noticed;asked;waited;examine;congratulate;lecture;consult;remembered;agreed;managed;hesitated;
(2025·全国I卷)store 储存;spare 省得;免去;encountered 遇见;appreciating 欣赏decarbonizevt. 除去碳素;除炭;electrify v 使电气化;champion v 捍卫;trap v 收集,吸收(2025·全国II卷)exercise锻炼; grow形成;Help帮助; shared共享;attract v.吸引,招引
(2024·全国I卷)won赢得;training训练;hated讨厌; dreamed梦想;borrowed借;passed超过;matured成熟(2024·全国II卷)approached靠近; attended参加,上(学);building修建;quote引用; recall记起;showed展示;traveling旅行;engage参与
动词词义
(2026·全国I卷)postpone;indicate; respond;understand;expand;maintain;release;conduct;measure;initiate;engage;sustain;enhance;(2026·全国II卷)reward;afford ;establish;collect;accelerate;supply;;boost;redirect;complain;normalise ;perceive;convince;
(2025·全国I卷)donate v 捐赠;equip v 装备,配备;recommend v 推荐;reveal vt. 揭示;透露;展现;
(2025·全国II卷)decrease v.减少;produce v.引起, 生产;determine v.查明, 测定;sustain vt.维持, 支撑,支持
(2024·全国I卷)restore v 修复,恢复,使复原;confirm v 确认;review v 查看,检查;practice v 实行,奉行;(2024·全国II卷)ensure - 确保,保证;submit v 提交;publish vt 出版;discourage v 阻止;expand v 扩张;submit 提交;categorize 分类
动词短语
(2026·全国I卷)give up ;put off;face up to;look forward to;zone out;divided into;account for;carried out;occurred to……(2026·全国II卷)stepped aside;got up;went off;turned back;pulls into;pour out;make up;put down;be filled with……
(2025·全国I卷)emptying out 清空;be interpreted as 被理解为……;strike sb as 给某人留下……印象;account for 考虑到;broaden one’s view 拓宽某人的视野;take joy in 以……为乐;paint over 刷油漆覆盖(2025·全国II卷)keep up with跟上,保持同步;add...to...将...加入... / 给...添加...;translate into(把…)翻译成…, 把…转化成, 造成;raise awareness增强意识
(2024·全国I卷)turned to转向;play a vital role in 在……中起着极其重要的作用;fill out ... form 填写……表;put ... to sleep 给(患病动物)实施安乐死(2024·全国II卷)rely on依靠;forget to do 忘记去做某事;conduct an interview 进行采访;
考情分析
高考对动词和动词短语的考查是高考试题的重点和难点。分析近三年高考真题可知,近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力,侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。对动词和动词短语在高考试卷中的题型分布主要有以下几种:
听力:侧重其动词及情态动词的语音语调、词义辨析、时态和句式的灵活运用;
阅读理解:侧重动词词义、熟词生义以及动词在长难句中的灵活运用;
完形填空:增加在语境中正确使用动词和动词短语词义的命题,考查动词的“旧词新意”和“熟词生义”现象, 主要以隐形考查的方式出现在完形填空试题中。
语法填空:侧重考查动词的各种形态变化;
书面表达:考查对动词词义和用法的熟练掌握。
复习目标
1.熟练掌握动词词形转换规律;
2.掌握动词及动词短语在阅读和完形填空语境中的词义辨析
3.掌握动词和动词短语的基本词义;
4.掌握动词和动词短语在特定语境中的熟词生义和一词多义;
5.了解动词的基本分类及各类动词的用途。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 动词的词形转换
知●识●解●构
知识点1 加-en后缀构成动词
①形容词/名词+en→动词,意为:使变得……;成为……的状态
直接加en或去掉e加en:
1.
dark
adj. 黑暗的n. 黑暗
→
darken
v. (使)变黑;(使)变得阴沉
2.
wide
adj. 宽的
→
widen
v. 加宽;范围扩大
3.
white
adj. 白的n. 白色
→
whiten
vt.& vi. (使某物)变白或更白
4.
soft
adj. 软的,柔软的;温和的
→
soften
vt. (使)温和;使缓和;减轻;变柔和
vi. 变软
5.
short
adj. 短的,短暂的;矮的
→
shorten
v. (使)变短,缩短
6.
sharp
adj. 锋利的;急转弯的;敏锐的
→
sharpen
v. (使)提高,改善;加强
7.
hard
adj. 硬的
harden
vt. 使硬化vi. 变硬或更硬
②形容词+en→动词
直接加en或去掉e加en:
1.
deep
adj. 深的
→
deepen
vt.& vi. 变深,加深
2.
strong
adj. 强的;坚强的
→
strengthen
v. 巩固;支持;壮大;加强
3.
weak
adj. (虚)弱的,无力(度)的;微弱的
→
weaken
v. (使)虚弱,削弱
4.
bright
adj. 明亮的;鲜艳的
→
brighten
v. 照亮,使更艳丽
5.
quick
adj. 快的,急速的
→
quicken
vt.& vi. (使)变快;增速
6.
loose
adj. 松动的;零散的
→
loosen
vt. 解开或使松;放宽,放松vi. 变松或变得更松
7.
fat
adj. 肥的,胖的
→
fatten
vt. 喂肥;养肥
8.
broad
adj. 宽的;广泛的
→
broaden
v. 变宽;扩大…的范围
③名词+en→动词
直接加en或去掉e加en:
1.
threat
n. 威胁
→
threaten
v. 恐吓;对…构成威胁
2.
fright
n. 恐怖;惊吓
→
frighten
v. 使惊恐;害怕
3.
height
n. 高度;高
→
heighten
vt.& vi. (使)变高;(使)加强
4.
length
n. 长度
→
lengthen
vt.& vi. 延长;伸长
知识点2 加-en/-em前缀构成动词
①en+名词→动词
名词前直接加en:
1.
list
n. 清单
→
enlist
v. (使)入伍;取得
2.
trap
n. (捕鸟兽的)陷阱/夹子/圈套;困境
→
entrap
vt. 使陷入圈套,使入陷阱
3.
slave
n. 奴隶
→
enslave
vt. 使成为奴隶;奴役
4.
case
n. 盒,箱
→
encase
vt. 包装;围绕;把…装箱
5.
courage
n. 勇气;无畏;胆量
→
encourage
v. 鼓励;使有希望
②en+形容词→动词
形容词前直接加en:
1.
able
adj. 能(够);聪明能干的
→
enable
v. 使能够;使可行
2.
dear
adj. 亲爱的;珍视的
→
endear
vt. 使受喜爱;使亲密
3.
noble
adj. 高尚的;贵族的
→
ennoble
vt. 封…为贵族,使高贵
4.
large
adj. 大的;大量的
→
enlarge
v. 扩大,增大;放大
5.
rich
adj. 富有的;肥沃的
→
enrich
v. 充实;使丰富/富含/富有
6.
sure
adj. 肯定的,有把握的;一定的
→
ensure
v. 确保;担保
②em+形容词/名词→动词,意为:使……处于某种状态;使变成……;置于……之中
形容词/名词前直接加em:
1.
power
n. 权力;能力
→
empower
vt. 授权;准许;使能够
2.
body
n. 身体,躯干;尸体
→
embody
v. 体现,代表;包含
3.
bitter
adj. 激烈的;痛苦的
→
embitter
vt. 使怨恨,激怒
4.
brace
n. 手臂;拥抱
→
embrace
v. 拥抱;欣然接受;信奉
知识点3 加-ise/ize后缀构成动词,表示“使……,使成为……”“实行……”等含义
加-ise/ize后缀构成动词:
1.
analysis
n. 分析
→
analyze
v. 分析;分解;化验
2.
sympathy
n. 同情;支持,赞同
→
sympathize
vi. 同情,怜悯;共鸣
3.
criticism
n. 批判;指责
→
criticize
v. 批评,指责;评价,批判
4.
memory
n. 记忆力;回忆
→
memorize
vt. 记住,熟记
5.
emphasis
n. 强调,重要性
→
emphasize
v. 强调;重视;使突出
6.
industry
n. 工业;产业
→
industrialize
vt.& vi. (使)工业化
7.
modern
adj. 现代的;近代的;现代化的
→
modernize
vt. 使现代化,使适应现代需要 vi. 现代化
8.
special
adj. 特殊的;重要的
→
specialize
vi. 专门从事;专攻;特化 vt. 使专门化
9.
apology
n. 道歉,认错;辩解
→
apologize
v. 道歉,认错
10.
reality
n. 现实;事实
→
realize
vt. 实现;意识到
知识点4 -ify 为后缀的动词主要表示“使……化”、“使成为……”
-ify 为后缀的动词:
1.
simple
adj. 简单的;单纯的;朴素的
→
simplify
v. 分析;分解;化验
2.
class
n. 等级;种类
→
classify
v. 将…分类
3.
identity
n. 身份;个性;一致
→
identify
vt. 识别,认出;确定
4.
clear
adj. 易懂的,清楚的;显然的
→
clarify
v. 阐明,澄清;净化
5.
just
adj. 公正的,合理的
→
justify
vt. 证明…有理;为…辩护
6.
pure
adj. 纯粹的,干净的
→
purify
vt. 使纯净,净化;精炼
7.
quality
n. 质量;特性;素质
→
qualify
v. (使)有资格/权利;达到标准
8.
intense
adj. 强烈的;紧张的
→
intensify
vt.& vi. (使)增强,(使)加剧
9.
diverse
adj. 形形色色的;不同的
→
diversify
v. (使)多样化
10.
terror
n. 恐怖;恐怖行为
→
terrify
vt. 使恐怖,使惊吓
11.
beauty
n. 美(丽);美人;美好的东西
→
beautify
v. 美化;打扮
12.
glory
n. 光荣
→
glorify
vt. 赞美;颂扬;美化;使更壮丽
知识点5 形容词/名词 + -ate 构成的动词
+ -ate 构成的动词:
1.
active
adj. 积极的;忙碌的,活跃的
→
activate
v. 使运作;使起作用;激活
2.
education
n. 教育;培养;教育学
→
educate
v. 教育;教导
3.
concentration
n. 全神贯注
→
concentrate
v. 全神贯注;使集中;使浓缩
4.
creation
n. (宗教)创世;创造作品
→
create
v. 创造;创建
5.
celebration
n. 庆典;庆祝;赞扬
→
celebrate
v. 庆祝;赞美
6.
different
adj. 有差别的,分别的
→
differentiate
v. 区分,辨别;使有差别
7.
dominant
adj. 占支配地位的;显著的
→
dominate
v. 在…中占首要地位;控制,支配
8.
captive
adj. 被监禁的,被关押的
→
captivate
vt. 迷住,迷惑
9.
origin
n. 起源;出身
→
originate
vt. 引起;创始;发生;发明 vi. 起源于,来自
1.wide adj. 宽的 → widen v. 加宽;范围扩大
2.white adj. 白的n. 白色 → whiten vt.& vi. (使某物)变白或更白
3.active adj. 积极的;忙碌的,活跃的 → activate v. 使运作;使起作用;激活
4.different adj. 有差别的,分别的 → differentiate v. 区分,辨别;使有差别
5.clear adj. 易懂的,清楚的;显然的 → clarify v. 阐明,澄清;净化
6.dear adj. 亲爱的;珍视的 → endear vt. 使受喜爱;使亲密
考●向●破●译
考向 考查动词为核心的词形转换
1.(2026·全国I卷听力改编)I bet about 50% of the energy you need every day comes from vegetables or animals that (origin) in this area.
2.I thought what you said (worse) the relationship between you two.
3.Doing so will (title) the ticket holder to unlimited free parking.
4.Drunk driving not only affects our daily life, but may also (threat) people’s lives.
思维建模
技巧:通过句子成分确定动词的可能性,排除其他词性干扰
1.先确定句子的谓语动词,谓语动词有时态和语态的变化,是句子的核心
2.确定非谓语动词;
3.确定其他词性转换为动词的正确拼写形式。
考点二 动词词义辨析
知●识●解●构
知识点1 阅读理解常考的动词词义
(2026高考较难动词词义)
compare v.比较, 把…比作, 相比
measure v.衡量, 测量, 量度为…, 估量
influence v.影响, 支配
broaden v.变宽, 扩大…的范围
conduct v. 进行,组织,实施;指挥;传导(热或电)
release v.释放, 松开, 发泄
expand v.扩大, 发展
maintain v.维持,保持, 坚称, 维修
conclude 推断出, 总结, 结束
respond v.回答,回报,响应
detect v. 发现;查明;测
illustrate v. 说明;插图于……
overestimate vt. 对…作过高的评价
underestimate vt. 对…估计不足
cancel v. 取消,终止;废除,注销
accelerate v. (使)加快,(使)加速
calculate vt.计算,预测;估计
integrate v. (使)合并,(使)结合
eliminate vt. 清除;淘汰
perceive v.理解;注意到
stimulate v. 刺激;激发;促进
reveal v. 揭示;展示
submit v. 顺从;提交;主张;建议
recognize vt.认出;承认 vi. 确认
motivate vt.促动,激发,诱导;刺激
accompany v. 陪同,陪伴;伴随
civilize v.使文明,开化
strengthen v. 巩固;加强;增强
neglect v. 疏忽 n. 忽略;怠慢
respect n. 尊敬 v. 遵守
twist vt. 搓,捻;连结,交结 vi. 扭动;旋转,转动
encounter v. 遭遇;偶遇 n. 偶遇
tempt vt. 引诱,怂恿;吸引
distinguish v. 区分;辨别出
investigate v. 调查;研究
capitalize vt. 估计…的价值;把…定为首都 vi. 利用
accumulate v. 积累,积聚
compensate v. 弥补,补偿;赔偿
alleviate vt. 减轻,使...缓和
disable v.使...失去能力
diagnose v.诊断 vi. 判断,诊断
prescribe vi.开药方 vt.规定,开处方
qualify vt.取得资格vi.取得资格
soothe v.缓和,使..安静,安慰
undertake vt.从事,承担;负责
transplant vt.移植(器官)
assign v.分配,指派 赋值
monitor v. 监控 n. 监测仪器
sideline v. 使退出比赛;使下场(尤指由于受伤);把…排除在核心之外
allocate vt.分配assess v.评估;估算
boost v.提高;推动;使增长
thrive v.旺盛,繁荣
flourish v.繁荣
modify v.调整;修饰
bully v. 恐吓,威逼
prioritize vt. 按重要性排列;优先处理
misunderstand v. 误解
frustrate vt. 挫败;使受挫折
suspect v. 猜想,觉得;怀疑
知识点2 完形填空常考的动词词义
①与人物情绪相关的高频词汇
stare 盯着看
glare 瞪眼看
warn 警告
complain 抱怨
quarrel 吵架
cry呼喊
call叫
shout 大叫
scream尖叫
moan 呻吟
sigh叹气
throw扔
shake 摇
shed tears 流泪
weep哭泣
smile 微笑
laugh大笑
laugh at 嘲笑
celebrate 庆祝/庆贺
observe 庆祝; 遵守;观测
praise 表扬
criticize 批评
quake 震动;颤抖
tremble 发抖;战栗(因寒冷、愤怒等)
touch摸
dislike 不喜欢
hate 讨厌/恨
awful 讨厌的
disgusting 令人厌恶的
ignore忽视/不理睬
overlook忽视think/believe/consider/feel认为
conclude/infer 推断
doubt 怀疑
embrace 拥抱
hug抱
hold拿着;持有;抱住
②与人生感悟、哲理类相关的高频词汇
explain 解释
remind 提醒
declare 宣布
express 表达
grasp 握住; 理解;领会打击
strike 突然地击打/突然想到get=obtain=acquire 获得
gain 获得
own/possess 拥有
lose 丢了
gone 不见了
afford 买得起
pay付款
succeed 成功
win赢/获胜
come true 实现
lose失败/损失
failure 失败/故障
defeat 击败/挫败
have有
own 拥有
occupy=possess占有
advise/suggest/recommend/propose 建议
demand/urge 强烈要求
persuade 劝说
mature v. 长大成人;成熟;酿成;到期 adj. 成熟的;酿熟的;成年的;到期的
understand明白,理解;了解;得知;默认;suffer 遭受
loss损失
beat打败
③与描述事件发生的过程相关的高频词汇
look看(动作)
notice 注意
glimpse 瞥见
observe (为了研究进行的)观察
bargain 讨价还价
chat with 聊天
describe 描述
debate 辩论
ask询问
interview采访
question提问
answer 回答
hear听(结果)
overhear无意中听到
write 写
describe 描写
draw 画
take 拿走
bring拿来
hold拿着
carry 扛/挑
fetch (去)拿来
lift举
put放
lay铺/放置
seize 紧抓
scratch 挠
hit (一次性地)打击
beat (不间断地)打击
attack 攻击
drop掉下/使落下
fall 突然倒下/落下
send 寄送
deliver 递送
give给
slip滑到;悄悄溜
wear穿/戴
remove 移走;脱下(衣服等)
consume 消耗;吃喝
sip小口喝
toast干杯
taste品尝
feel 感觉/触摸
sense 感觉到
guess 猜测
assume 假定;认为; 承担
suppose认为;假设
wonder 想知道
doubt怀疑
know 懂得/知道
learn认识到/学到
realize 意识到
understand 理解
remember 记得
cook烹饪
wash洗
chop切;砍
clean 变干净
brush 刷
cover盖
uncover 揭开盖子; 揭露
save (up)攒钱
think about/consider考虑到
offer 主动给予
kick踢
knock 敲
tip 轻敲
walk走/散步
run跑
climb爬
jump跳
skip 跳过;不做(某事)
seem/appear/seem like/as if/as though 似乎/好像
prepare准备
confirm证实
acquire获得
searched搜索
recognised认出
followed跟随
invited邀请
gathered聚集、采集
cleaned清除
dropped掉落
checked检查
shake摇晃
light点燃;点亮
measure测量
decorate装饰
jump跳
test测试
climb攀爬
arrange安排
interrupt中断
complete完成
record记录
find找到
hide隐藏
start启动
fix修理
set up建立
remove移动
spot发现
identify确认
adopt收养
crawl 匍匐前进
rest 休息
enter 进人
④与事件发生结果相关的高频词汇
claim 宣称;声称
admit 承认
deny 否决
announce 公布
introduce 介绍
repeat 重复
discuss 讨论
mention 提起评论
discover/explore 发现/探索
inspect 视察
find找到(结果)
check 检查/核实
examine审问/(仔细地)检查
test 检测/检验
disappear 消失
gone 没有
rise 上升/升起
drop减少/降低
arise 增加/提高/举起
increase 增加
decrease 减少
buy买
purchase 购买
sell卖/销售
bargain 讨价还价/便宜货
exist存在
appear 出现
survive 幸存
disappear 消失
die out灭绝
develop 发展/壮大/增强
evolve 进化;演变
improve 改进/提高
grow生长;种植
reform 改革
hurt受伤;伤害
injure 意外受伤
bleed出血
get burnt 烧伤
damage损坏
destroy破坏
ruin毁灭
repair修理
rebuild重建
restore 恢复/修复
fix修理
agree/disagree 同意/反对
accept 接受
agree同意
sharpen提高,改善;加强,加重
copy/imitate 模仿
fasten扎牢
fix安装
set设置
equip装置
predict预测
ensure确保
realize 意识到,实现
settle 定居,解决
judge 判定,裁决
ignore 忽略
form 形成
affect 影响,感染
witness 见证
approve 赞成,批准
recognize辨认出,承认
spread传播,散播
complete 完成
reflect 反射,反映,反省
prove 证明
accomplish 完成实现
overcome 克服
abandon遗弃,放弃
return返回
fight打仗
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查在单句语境中的动词词义辨析
1.(2026·天津市第四十七中学三模)When Robert was at university, he ______ lots of social experience by taking an active part in club activities, which provided the foundation for his career development.
A.accumulated B.accelerated
C.acknowledged D.accomplished
2.(2026·天津市南开区质量监测(二))Don’t be afraid of difficulties. They can help you ________ experience, and experience can, in turn, broaden your horizons.
A.accumulate B.clarify C.strengthen D.expand
3.(2026·天津市北辰区第二次模拟)It’s no use complaining here. You must ________ the boss of your honesty with enough evidence.
A.accuse B.warn C.convince D.relieve
4.(2026·天津市河西区质量调查三)The new policy _________that employees must take at least five days of continuous leave each year to ensure work-life balance.
A.states B.predicts C.warns D.recommends
5.(2026·天津市东丽区高三质量调研试卷(一))Among all the places of interest I’ve explored, the Forbidden City has ________ me the most with its ancient architecture and rich history.
A.provided B.encouraged C.equipped D.impressed
考向二 考查完形填空语境中的动词词义辨析
1.(2026·全国I卷)As I move through my college years, I look forward to the visits to my little hometown. I am grateful for the experience that I had growing up and know that wherever my next adventure takes me, I can 55 my small town roots to lead me in the right direction.
55.A.inspire B.trust C.remind D.challenge
2.(2026·全国I卷)The pace of life is slow and people 49 connecting to each other. You do more than just talk to your neighbors — in a lot of cases, they’re truly an extension of your family.
49.A.value B.admit C.fear D.remember
3.(2026·全国I卷)As I grow older, I’m more and more thankful for my small town roots. Sure, my friends and I loved to 46 about how bored we were in the middle of nowhere; however, as I finish up my junior year of college, I’m convinced that it took ________ our small town to realize how much we actually loved it and what exactly we loved about it.
考向三 考查阅读理解中的关键动词词义
找出并翻译下列句子中的关键动词词义及句子意思
1.(2026·全国I卷)Beyond visitor interaction, AI plays a crucial role in preserving priceless artworks. Since the exhibits in museums sustain natural decay (破损) over time, early detection is vital.
【关键动词词义】
【句意】
2.(2026年1月·浙江卷)Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems.
【关键动词词义】
【句意】
3.(2026年1月·浙江卷)In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities.
【关键动词词义】
【句意】
考向四 找准谓语动词是解决长难句的关键
找出并翻译下列句子中的谓语动词并翻译句子意思
1.(2026年1月·浙江卷)What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently.
【谓语动词】
【句意】
2.(2026·全国I卷)Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors’ past behavior to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising.
【谓语动词】
【句意】
考点三 动词的熟词生义
知●识●解●构
知识点 动词的熟词生义
2026年高考真题熟词生义
1.charge 【生义】 v. 给…充电 【熟义】v. 收费;把…记在账上
(2026·全国II卷·阅读D)Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car.他们并不知道,这样做时,一股能量会被传输到街道层面,为电动汽车充电。
2.go【生义】 变得 【熟义】走
(2026·全国II卷·阅读D)Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener 巴塞罗那已制定了一套清洁能源技术方案,旨在推动公共交通系统更加环保。
3.(2026·全国II卷·阅读D)power【生义】 v. 驱动;快速前进 【熟义】动力;能量;电力供应
(2026·全国II卷·阅读D)Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves
4.run【生义】 vt. 运行,经营【熟义】vt.& vi. 跑 water 【生义】 v. 灌溉【熟义】水
(2026·全国II卷·阅读7选5)Involve your child in the daily running of the house: tidying toys, feeding the dog, watering the plants.
5.practice【生义】 n. 常规;实践【熟义】 v. 练习
(2026·全国II卷·阅读C)It is common practice to provide the elevation (高度) of a place.
6.mirror【生义】 vt. 反映;反射【熟义】n. 镜子,反光镜
(2026·全国II卷·阅读C)These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea.
7. pride【生义】 v. 为…感到自豪【熟义】n. 自豪
But that’s not the thing he prides himself on.
8. occur【生义】 突然想到;意识到【熟义】v. 发生;存在于
(2026·全国I卷·阅读B)Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary.
9. conduct【生义】 v. 进行,组织,实施【熟义】v. 指挥;带领
A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.
10. suggest【生义】 v. 表明;暗示【熟义】v. 建议;推荐
Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.
2025年高考真题熟词生义
2.keep【生义】保存【熟义】v.保持, 继续
(2025·全国一卷·阅读A)Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign.
6.touch【生义】使感到 【熟义】v.碰,(使)接触
(2025·全国一卷·阅读B)The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.”
8.strike【生义】给(某人以……)印象; 让(某人)觉得【熟义】打击; 罢工; 撞击
(2025·全国一卷·阅读B)“They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.”
10.trap【生义】收集,吸收【熟义】v.使陷入困境, 设陷阱捕捉, 卡/夹/绊住
(2025·全国一卷·阅读D)Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.
12.spare【生义】使免遭(麻烦、痛苦等); 免去【熟义】抽出; 匀出; 备用的
(2025·全国一卷·完形填空)“Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered.”“每一次交流都为保护垃圾填埋场提供了机会,也让我有机会去取悦另一个我可能不会遇到的人。”
13.cut【生义】削减; 降低【熟义】切; 割; 砍
(2025·全国一卷·完形填空)“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional photos, another asking for a price cut.”“我拍了这张花瓶的照片,然后在网上发了上去,收费10美元。有几条信息来了,一条想要更多的照片,另一条要求降价。”
14.reveal【生义】(在此处用的被动语态)被展现; 被显露,强调在比赛过程中自然而然地展现出个性【熟义】揭露; 透露(常指主动地将不为人知的事情公开)
(2025·全国一卷·语法填空)“The players' personalities are revealed during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent.”
15.shape【生义】影响、决定…的发展(动词,抽象意义上的“塑造”)【熟义】形状(名词); 塑造、使成形(动词,侧重物理形态)
(2025·全国二卷·阅读A)Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries.
16.skirt【生义】沿…边缘走; 绕过(动词)【熟义】裙子(名词)
(2025·全国二卷·阅读A)Skirting the town square, you'll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum.
17.line【生义】沿……排列; 排成一行[熟义]线条; 线路
(2025·全国二卷·阅读A)Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square.
18.border【生义】v.毗邻, 环绕【熟义】n.边界(地区), 边疆
(2025·全国二卷·阅读A)Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.
19.ship【生义】vt.& vi.运送; vt.把…装上船 注意过去式shipped【熟义】n.船,(舰船上的)全体船员
(2025·全国二卷·阅读A)The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.
20. flood【生义】v. 大量涌来;大量涌去【熟义】n. 洪水;水灾 v. 淹没
(2025·全国二卷·阅读C)But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.
但结果却截然相反:她忙得不可开交,仅2020年6月就发出了1200份订单。
21. translate 【生义】v. (使)改变形式;转化【熟义】v. 翻译
(2025·全国二卷·阅读C)This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.这种生产力同样适用于成年人的职场。
22. leave【生义】n. 假期;休假【熟义】v. 离开(某地);辞去(工作、职务等)
(2025·全国二卷·阅读C)Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.我们的研究表明,在植物丰富的办公环境中工作的人,病假减少了30%。
23. practice【生义】v. (医生、律师等)执业,从业【熟义】v. 练习 n. 练习
(2025·全国二卷·阅读C)Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.
医生行医,律师执业,而你也应该给自己时间去练习如何养护植物。
24.tailor【生义】v. 专门制作(或改制);定做 【熟义】n. (定做男装的)裁缝 v. 定做(衣服)
(2025·全国二卷·阅读D)Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.每道菜都是为提高人们对食物浪费的认识而量身定制的。
25.address【生义】v. 处理;关注 【熟义】v. (在信件、包裹等上)写收信人姓名地址;致辞;演讲 n. 住址;寄送地址
(2025·全国二卷·阅读D)Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
尽管如此,它提醒我们,解决可持续性问题的方法有很多,你几乎可以用任何东西做出美味佳肴。
26.determine【生义】v.准确算出 【熟义】v.决定, 敲定,安排, 下决心
(2025·全国二卷·阅读D)A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. 食品浪费联盟的一项研究精确表明,每1000美元的收入,平均餐馆会产生33磅的食物浪费(收入),其中只有15.7%的垃圾被捐赠或回收。
28.maintain【生义】v. 维持;保持【熟义】v. 维护;养护;保养;坚持;断言;主张
(2025·全国二卷·阅读7选5)Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.
华盛顿大学发现,55岁及以上从事志愿工作的成年人比同龄人记忆力更好,整体健康状况维持得更久。
28.work out【生义】锻炼 【熟义】计算出;解决
(2025·全国二卷·完形填空)Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting.多诺霍女士开始锻炼和遵循健康的生活方式,然后才发现自己对举重运动的热情。
29.raise【生义】v. 抚养 【熟义】v.提升,举起, 站立, 增加,提高, 筹集
(2025·全国二卷·语法填空)I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. 我出生并成长在美国俄亥俄州的克利夫兰。
30.spare 【生义】v. 使免遭;使免受;免除【熟义】v. 抽出,拿出(时间、金钱等) adj. 备用的;额外的;空闲的;空余的
(2025·全国二卷·读后续写)This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain.这种方法让我避免了过度解释的尴尬。
32.consume【生义】v. 吃喝【熟义】v.消耗, 消费
(2025·1月浙江·阅读B)....... the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.孩子自己决定他们想要吃什么和吃多少——即使这意味着偶尔吃更多的饼干而不是胡萝卜。
33.discourage【生义】v.阻拦, 拟制【熟义】v. 使灰心
(2025·1月浙江·阅读C)........ forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
形成一个节约用水和抑制杂草的协作生态系统。
35.plot【生义】n.一块土地【熟义】n.阴谋, 情节; v.图谋, 计划, 设计情节
(2025·1月浙江·阅读D)Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.与传统菜园相比,它们增加了碳吸收,减少了雨水径流,并显著促进了栖息地和生物多样性。
36.map 【生义】n.地图【熟义】vt.[遗传学]比对,遗传
(2025·1月浙江·阅读D)These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.
37.tailor【生义】v.调整【熟义】 n.裁缝
(2025·1月浙江·阅读7选5)Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 当你根据他们的兴趣调整你的沟通方式时,你的听众自然会更感兴趣和投入。
38. develop【生义】v.培养【熟义】 v.成长,发展, 出现, 开发
(2025·1月浙江·阅读7选5)Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.让他们主导讨论和会议,以培养沟通能力。
2024年高考真题熟词生义
1. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理;应对
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
2. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求;呼吁
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest.
6. cover【熟义】v.覆盖【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及,处理③v.走完(一段路程)
①(2024新课标I卷听力) Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper.
②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material?
③(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.
7. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.
8. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加
(2024新课标I卷完形填空) I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.
9. favor【熟义】n.帮助;恩惠【生义】v.偏袒,特别照顾
(2024全国甲卷完形填空) Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework.
13. introduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.
14. leaf 熟义:叶,叶子;纸页,书页 【生义】翻页
(2024新课标I卷阅读七选五)I can leaf through with my fingers
16. pose【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
18. point【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.
19. power【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ...
20. promise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望;有……的可能
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour.
24. roll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶
(2024新课标I卷读后续写) Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station.
25. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.
27. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开;不做
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
29. sleep 熟义:睡眠 生义:死,长眠
(2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)…she was prepared to put him to sleep.
32. tell【熟义】v.告诉;告知【生义】v.辨别,识别
(2024全国甲卷阅读B篇) That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.
33. throw【熟义】v.投;掷;抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯
(2024全国甲卷阅读A篇) Wheel Throwing
34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
2023年高考真题熟词生义
2. assign熟义:分派,布置(工作、任务)v 生义:确定(价值、功能等)
[2023年1月浙江首考]The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.
确定意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中,也存在于社会之外,存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。
3. run 熟义:跑v 生义:运行
[2023年1月浙江首考]Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.
大多数火车每天只开一趟,有些火车一周只开三趟,所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。
4. unfold熟义:打开v 生义:展现,呈现
[2023年1月浙江首考]Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.
一本书,织毛衣,做一个填字游戏,或者只是看看窗外的世界。
6. stretch n熟义 v(时间上)延续;(空间上)延伸 生义:一片地域
[2023年1月浙江首考]I followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.
我跟着养蜂人齐亚德穿过一片广阔的草原,然后进入了一片茂密的丛林。
7. inch熟义:n 英寸v生义:慢慢移动
[2023年1月浙江首考]Sitting on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
他坐在一根树枝上,慢慢地向蜂箱靠近,用手电筒把烟吹进蜂箱上的一个小洞里。
10. stuff 熟义:n 东西,物品v生义:塞,填满
[2023年1月浙江首考]I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me.
我把一块布塞进洞里,把她带了出去,随手把门牢牢地关上。
12. credit 熟词:n. 信用,信贷;生义:v.认为是……的功劳。
[2023全国甲卷]She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.
她把这些技能归功于她已故的祖父和建造者德里克•劳埃德。
13. split v. 熟词:分裂;分开;生义:分担,分摊。
[2023全国甲卷]Terri avoided losing the deposit on the house she rented by splitting the rent with a roommate.
特里通过和室友分担房子租金避免了她租的房子上的押金。
19. capitalize v.熟词:提供资金;生义:利用
[2023新高考Ⅰ] This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same.
这一效应利用了一个事实,即当人们犯错时,这些错误并不总是一样的。
20. draw熟词:画画;生义:吸引,使感兴趣
[2023新高考ⅠI] Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place.
发现为什么艺术家和摄影师继续被吸引到这个特殊的地方。
21. leaf 熟义:n. 叶;叶片;叶子生义:vt 匆匆翻阅;浏览
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out.
当我翻阅小说时,一张纸掉了出来。
22. land熟义:n. 陆地;大地 生义:落;降落;着陆
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands.
所以,在全国各地,你姐姐的旧书都落在了你手里。
24. cover 熟义: v. 掩蔽;遮盖生义: 包括;包含
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.
2.5小时的游览包括古耶风车、瘦桥、国立博物馆、喜力啤酒厂等。
26. iron熟义:n. 铁生义:(用熨斗)熨,烫平
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked.
这可能是你帮助朋友做家庭作业的时候,也可能是你在没有被要求的情况下熨衣服的时候。
27. harvest 熟义:n. 收获季节;收割;收获生义:v. 收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼)
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.
翻土、拔草、收割卷心菜,对中学生和高中生来说,这听起来像是一项艰巨的工作。
28. produce 熟义:v. 生产;制造 生义:n. 产品;(尤指)农产品
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or driedproduce, and work in the garden.
在两所初中和两所高中开设的“城市豆芽”课程包括动手实验,如土壤测试、花和种子解剖、品尝新鲜或干燥的农产品,以及在花园里工作。
30. correct 熟义:adj. 准确无误的;精确的;正确的生义v.:改正;纠正;修正
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]I asked my older sister to correct my grammar.
我请姐姐纠正我的语法。
31. shot vt 射击 生义 n 尝试,努力
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.
如果你愿意努力,我认为你有很好的机会做到这一点。
33. back 熟义:n. (人体或动物的)背部,背;腰背生义:v. 支持;证实
[2023全国甲卷]Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory.
几项研究支持了这一观点,并发现室内植物可以提高创造力、注意力和记忆力。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查动词的熟词生意(推断划线部分动词的意思)
1. (2023年全国乙卷) In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.(全国乙卷, 阅读理解A)
【答案】
【解析】
2. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解A)
【答案】
【解析】
3. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.(新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解B)
【答案】
【解析】
理解熟词生意的基本方法:
根据句子中的相关信息推测动词的生意,要抓住句子中的关键词,然后推知可能的合理的语义搭配。
考点四 动词的一词多义
知●识●解●构
知识点 常考的动词的一词多义
动词
汉译
动词
汉译
abandon
遗弃;放弃
abuse
滥用;虐待;辱骂
access
接近;进入;使用权限;通道(n.);接近;使用(v.)
accompany
陪伴;为…… 伴奏;附有
accomplish
完成;实现
account
账户;解释(n.);解释;导致;占(比例)(v.)
acknowledge
承认;致谢;告知收到
address
称呼;演说;写姓名地址;处理
adjust
调整;适应
admit
承认;准许进入;容纳
advocate
提倡,主张
affect
影响;感动;假装
appeal
呼吁;有吸引力;上诉
apply
申请;应用;涂,敷
appoint
委派,任命
approach
接近;方法;途径(n.);接近;处理(v.)
approve
批准;赞成,同意
argue
争论,辩论;主张,认为
arrange
安排;整理;布置
assume
假定;设想;承担;呈现
attach
附,系,贴;重视
attempt
企图,尝试
attend
参加;照顾;注意
attribute
把…… 归因于;属性,特征(n.)
bargain
讨价还价;便宜货(n.)
bear
忍受;承受;承担;生育;携带
beat
(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打,击;打败,胜过;跳动
benefit
益处,好处(n.);有益于;受益
betray
背叛;出卖;泄露
block
街区;障碍物(n.);阻塞;阻止
bother
打扰;麻烦(n.);费心(常用于否定句和疑问句)
cause
导致;原因(n.)
challenge
挑战;质疑;艰巨任务(n.);向…… 挑战;质疑
charge
收费;充电;指控;负责(n.);收费;充电;指控;使承担责任(v.)
claim
要求;宣称,断言;索赔
classify
分类,归类
commit
犯(罪);承诺;使承担义务
compromise
妥协,和解;损害(n. / v.)
conclude
结束;推断出,得出结论
conduct
组织,实施;指挥(乐队等);表现;行为(n.)
confirm
证实;确认;批准
confuse
使困惑;混淆
consider
考虑;认为;体谅
consume
消耗;消费;吃,喝
contain
包含,容纳;控制,抑制
continue
继续;持续
contract
合同,契约(n.);收缩;订合同(v.)
convince
使信服;说服
count on
依靠,指望
cover
覆盖;包括;报道;支付(费用);封面(n.)
crash
碰撞;撞击;崩溃;倒闭
create
创造;创建;引起
cure
治愈;疗法(n.);治愈,治疗
demand
要求;需求(n.);要求;需要
decline
下降;拒绝;衰落(n. / v.)
deliver
递送;发表;接生
deserve
应得;值得
design
设计;图案,设计图(n.);设计;旨在,目的是
desire
渴望;欲望(n.);渴望,期望
destroy
破坏,摧毁;消灭
detect
察觉,发现;检测
develop
发展;开发;养成;冲洗(照片)
devote
致力于;奉献;把…… 用于
differ
不同,有差异
effect
效果,影响(n.);实现,使发生(v.)
direct
指导;指挥;导演;直接的(adj.)
disappear
消失;失踪
discover
发现;发觉
discourage
使气馁;阻止
distinguish
辨别,分清
disturb
扰乱;妨碍
divide
划分;分开;除
earn
挣得;赢得;获得
encounter
遭遇;邂逅
engage
从事;使参与;雇佣;订婚
ensure
确保,保证
evaluate
评价,评估
examine
检查;审查;考试
exceed
超过;超出
exchange
交换;交流;交易所(n.);交换,交流(v.)
expand
扩大;扩展;膨胀
expect
预料;期待;要求
explain
解释;说明
expose
揭露;暴露
face
面对;面临;脸(n.)
fade
逐渐消失;衰落;褪色
fail
失败;不及格;未能(做某事);失灵
forbid
禁止;阻止
form
形式;表格(n.);形成;组成;养成
found
创建,建立
guarantee
保证,担保;保修单(n.);保证,担保(v.)
handle
处理;操作;把手(n.)
impact
影响;冲击(n.);影响;冲击(v.)
imply
暗示
import
进口;进口商品(n.);进口(v.)
improve
改进,改善;提高
include
包括,包含
increase
增加,增长(n. / v.)
indicate
表明;指示;暗示
infer
推断,推理
inform
通知,告知
lie
躺;位于;撒谎(v.);谎言(n.)
inspire
激励,鼓舞;启发;引发
involve
包含,需要;牵涉;使参与
join in
参加,加入
judge
判断;评判;法官(n.)
know
知道;认识;了解;精通
lay
放置;铺设;产卵;下蛋
leave
离开;留下;使处于(某种状态)
ignore
忽视;不理会
link
联系,连接;纽带(n.)
manage
设法(做);经营;管理
learn
学习;了解到;得知
march
行进;游行示威;三月(n.);行进;使前进(v.)
matter
要紧;有关系(v.);事情,问题(n.)
measure
测量;衡量;尺寸(n.)
miss
错过;想念;未击中;漏掉
monitor
监测;监控;班长(n.)
move
移动;感动;搬家;行动(n.)
observe
观察;庆祝;遵守
occur
发生;出现;被想到
offer
提供;主动提出;报价(n. / v.)
operate
操作;经营;动手术
oppose
反对;抵制
order
命令;订单;顺序(n.);命令;订购;整理(v.)
ought to
应该,应当
owe
欠(钱、债等);归功于;应感激
pack up
整理;收拾行李
pace
步伐;速度(n.);来回踱步;确定速度(v.)
participate
参加,参与
persuade
说服,劝服
mention
提及,提到
pour
倒,灌;倾泻;涌入
practise
练习;实践;从事(职业)
present
提出;呈现;赠送;现在的(adj.);礼物;现在(n.)
prevent
阻止,预防
promote
促进;提升;宣传
promise
答应;承诺;希望,前途(n.)
reflect
反射;反映;反思
raise
提升,举起;筹集;养育;提出
reach
到达;达到;伸手去够;范围(n.)
react
反应;回应
realize
实现;意识到;变卖
recognize
认出,识别;承认
reduce
减少;降低;使沦为
replace
取代,代替;更换
require
需要;要求
rescue
营救,救援;营救行动(n.)
resist
抵抗,抵制;忍住
respond
回答,回应;做出反应
restore
恢复;修复;归还
retire
退休;退下;退出
review
复习;回顾;评论;审查(n. / v.)
rid
使摆脱;使去掉
rise
上升;升起;增长;起身
remove
移动;去除,使消失;开除
save
拯救,挽救;节省;储存
shrink
收缩;缩小;减少
settle
解决;定居;使平静
scare
使害怕,惊吓;害怕的(adj.,常用于 be scared of 结构)
skip
跳过;略过;跳绳
seize
抓住;夺取;理解
select
(精心地)挑选,选定
shape
形状;外形(n.);塑造;形成
share
分享;共享;份额(n.)
shoot
射击;拍摄;发芽
strike
突然性或一次性的击打;罢工;撞击;突然想起(常用于 It strikes sb. that... 结构)
signal
信号;暗号(n.);发信号;示意(v.)
simplify
简化,使简易
solve
解决;解答
spare
省出,抽出(时间等);备用的(adj.)
spot
发现;认出;斑点;地点(n.)
stand
站立;忍受;位于;看台(n.)
starve
挨饿;饿死;渴望
state
陈述,说明;国家;州(n.)
struggle
挣扎;奋斗;努力;斗争
succeed
成功;接替;继任
suffer
遭受;忍受;受苦
supply
供应;供给;补给(n. / v.)
support
支持;支撑;供养;证据(n.)
suppose
认为;假定;猜想
switch
开关;转换(n. / v.)
target
目标;靶子(n.);把…… 作为目标;瞄准(v.)
taste
味道;滋味(n.);品尝;尝起来(v.)
tend
倾向于;照料,护理
test
测试,考验;试验(n. / v.)
thank
感谢,感激
transform
转换、改造;使改观
treat
对待;治疗;款待(n. / v.)
use
使用;用途(n.);使用;运用(v.)
value
价值;重要性(n.);重视;估价(v.)
view
观点;看法;风景(n.);看待;观看(v.)
visit
拜访;参观;访问
volunteer
志愿者(n.);自愿做;自愿提供(v.)
wander
闲逛;漫步;走神
考●向●破●译
考向 考查一词多义
1.(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
【答案】
【解析】
2.(2021·全国乙卷 )(阅读C)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
【答案】v
【解析】
3. (2021·全国甲卷 )(阅读B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽).
【答案】
【解析】
4.(2021·全国甲卷 )(阅读七选五)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.
【答案】
【解析】
考点五 动词短语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 动词+介词/副词
动词+介词
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必须有宾语,且介词与动词不能分开,宾语只能放在介词之后,如:
1 / 1
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account for解释,说明,占比
adjust to调整,适应
all for要求
add to增加,
break into破门而入
ask for索取,寻找
care about 关心,在乎
come across偶然遇到
go for努力获取
deal with处理
get over克服
hope for希望,期待
get into养成(习惯)
rely on依靠,依赖
pay for偿还,赔偿
answer for负责
provide for供给
plan for打算,为……计划
send for派人去请
fall behind落在......后面
laugh at嘲笑
feel like想要
refer to提到,参考
stick to坚持
动词+away
throw away扔掉
put away把……收拾好
give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走
run away 潜逃,跑开
go away 走开
stay away远离
动词+on
try on试穿,试验
put on穿上,上演
have on穿着,戴着
pull on穿,戴
hold on不挂断,坚持,继续
carry on继续开展,坚持
keep on继续
go on继续
get on上(车)
focus/concentrate on集中注意力于,关注;
动词+over
come over过来
hand over移交
go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复
look over检查
think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管
hand over 移交
turn over翻转
动词+up
bring up抚育,培养
call up召唤,打电话给
come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎
fix up修理
give up放弃;
go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大
look up尊敬,向上看,查寻
make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建
set up建立,创(纪录)
pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
send up发射
show up 揭露,露面
turn up出现,把……调高一点
动词+out
come out出来
go out出去,熄灭
look out留神,当心
walk out走出
set out出发,开始
put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表
hand out分发
pick out挑选
find out找出,发现
speak out大声地说
turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开
carry out实行,执行
work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out出版
start out 出发,动身
知识点2 动词+名词
动词+名词
lose patience失去耐心
lose heart灰心
make a bet打赌
make a face做鬼脸
take effect生效
take place发生
take action/measures/steps采取措施
give way让步
lose weight减肥
lead the way领路
make a fortune发财
take one’s time慢慢来
take exercise做锻炼
take turns轮流
take advice征求意见
make a difference有影响
动词+名词+介词
take care of 照顾 make fun of 取笑
take account of 考虑到 take part in参加
make friends with 与……交朋友 find fault with 挑……的毛病
get rid of 摆脱 lose sight of 看不见
pay attention to 注意 make progress in 在…方面取得进步
make room for为……腾出空间 make contributions to 对……作出贡献
play a part in起作用 put an end to结束
take advantage of利用 take notice of注意到
take pride in以......为豪 catch sight of看到
find fault with......挑......的毛病
动词+介词+名词
Point1 动词后需跟宾语类的短语有:
bring.. to an end 使……结束
bring... under control 使……在掌控下
keep/have... in mind 记住……
put... into effect 使……生效
learn... by heart 记住……
Point 2 动词后不带宾语类的短语有:
burst into tears突然大哭起来
come into being产生
come to power执政
come into use开始被使用
come into effect生效
put on weight 长胖
知识点3 动词短语的一词多义、熟词生义
动词短语一词多义、熟词生义
单词 / 短语
汉译
单词 / 短语
汉译
break away(from)
脱离;摆脱
break down
分解;出故障;崩溃;失败
break out
爆发
break up
打碎;分裂;解散;结束
bring about
导致,引起
bring up
养育;提出;呕吐
cut down
削减;砍倒
call for
要求;需要;提倡
call off
取消
call on
拜访(某人);号召
carry out
执行,实施
catch on
流行起来;理解
catch up with
赶上;追上
count on
依靠,指望
cut off
切断;中断;隔绝
deal with
处理;对付;涉及
dream of
梦想;梦见
depend on
依靠,依赖
do with
处理;忍受
draw on
利用;凭借;临近
drop in
顺便拜访
end up
最终成为;以…… 告终
fix on
确定;选定;集中(目光等)于
fall for
迷恋;上…… 的当
fall out
争吵;脱落
figure out
计算出;弄明白
fill in
填写;填补
fit in (with)
相处;适应
get across
使理解;使通过
get away
离开;逃脱
get down to
开始认真处理,着手做
get in
进入;收获;插话
get off
下车;离开;脱下
get on
上车;进展;相处
get over
克服;恢复;熬过
get rid of
摆脱;除去
get through
通过;接通(电话);完成
give away
赠送;泄露;暴露
give in
屈服;让步;上交
give off
发出(光、热、气味等)
give out
分发;发出(声音等);用完,耗尽
give up
放弃;停止
go ahead
前进;请便;继续
go by
经过;(时间)流逝;遵循
go in for
参加;爱好
go out
出去;熄灭;过时
go through
经历;浏览;仔细检查;通过
hold on
等一会儿;坚持;不挂断(电话)
head for
前往;朝…… 方向行进
insist on
坚持
hold up
举起;支撑;延迟;抢劫
join in
参加,加入
keep up with
跟上;与…… 保持同步
let down
使失望;放下
lead to
导致,造成
let out
放出;发出(声音等);泄露
look out
小心,当心
live up to
达到(预期);符合(要求)
look after
照顾,照料
look down on/upon
轻视,看不起
look forward to
期待,盼望
look into
调查;研究
meet with
(偶然)遇到;经历;符合
look through
浏览;仔细查看
make for
走向;有助于
make it
获得成功;准时赶到
make up
组成;编造;化妆;弥补
ought to
应该,应当
pack up
整理;收拾行李
pull down
拆毁;拉下;使降低
point out
指出
pick up
接载;捡起;学会;恢复(健康等)
pull out
拔出;离开;(火车等)出站
put aside
储存;把…… 放在一边
put away
放好;储存
put forward
提出;将…… 提前
put off
推迟,拖延
put on
穿上;上演;增加(体重等)
put out
扑灭;伸出;出版
put up
张贴;搭建;提供住宿
refer to
提及;参考;查阅;指的是
rely on
依靠,信赖
run into
偶然遇到;撞上;陷入
slow down
放慢速度
stick to
坚持;遵守;粘贴在…… 上
search for
寻找,搜寻
serve as
担任;用作
show off
炫耀
show up
出现;露面
take after
(外貌、性格等)与…… 相像
take in
吸收;理解;欺骗;收留
take off
脱下;起飞;成名;请假
take on
承担;呈现;雇用
take over
接管;接任
take up
占据(时间、空间等);开始从事;拿起
throw at
扔向
think over
仔细考虑
throw away
扔掉;浪费
try out
试验;试用
turn down
拒绝;调小(音量等)
turn in
上交;归还
turn off
关掉;关闭
turn on
打开;发动
turn out
结果是;证明是;生产
turn over
翻转;移交;仔细考虑
turn to
转向;求助于;翻到(书页等)
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查在完形填空语境中的动词短语
1.(2026·全国I卷)As I move through my college years, I 53 the visits to my little hometown. I am grateful for the experience that I had growing up and know that wherever my next adventure takes me, I can trust my small town roots to lead me in the right direction.
53.A.give up B.put off C.face up to D.look forward to
2.(2026·全国I卷)I never thought I could be a writer. I didn’t come from a family connected to the literary world, which I perceived as a major problem. After my undergraduate degree, convinced that writing wasn’t for me, I 43 to study teaching.
43.A.stepped aside B.got up C.went off D.turned back
3.(2026年1月·浙江卷)“I decided that if nobody was going to hire me, I would just create a job for myself,” says Ursula. She was born and raised on a large family farm, so the idea of an agriculture tourism business came naturally to her and began to 26 .
26.A.gain ground B.take root C.work wonders D.raise concerns
考向二 考查动词短语在阅读理解中的含义
推断下列句子中动词短语的含义
1.(2026·全国I卷阅读D)It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.
【动词短语含义】
【句子意思】
2.(2026·全国I卷阅读C)A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene.
【动词短语含义】
【句子意思】
考向三 考查动词短语辨析
1.(2026·天津市十二区重点学校联考(二))Because I ________ the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive, I find it hard to save any money.
A.subscribe to B.turn to C.refer to D.contribute to
2.(2026·天津市实验中学考前热身训练)Though the singer was turned away after two rounds, his song Chengdu has ________ ever since.
A.held on B.caught on C.come on D.passed on
3.(2026·天津市南开区质量监测(二))After hours of discussion, they finally ________ a practical solution to the problem, which was later approved by the team.
A.put forward B.set aside C.turned down D.gave away
4.(2026·天津市耀华中学第二次模拟)The community garden project ________ the abandoned urban space, transforming it from a concrete wasteland into a green social hub.
A.take charge of B.make way for C.give life to D.set foot on
5.(2026·天津市第一中学月考)Simple changes in daily routines can sometimes ________ great improvement in students’ concentration.
A.hold up B.bring about C.break up D.work out
思维建模
技巧1:阅读理解中的一词多义和熟词生义
1.一定要根据文章的话题和主旨大意,判断这个词的具体意思;
2.根据上下文推断词义,切勿想当然。
技巧2:语法填空中的一词多义和熟词生义
有多个名词形式的词形转换,要注意根据语境判断,不要想当然。
例:The complex layout of the turret posed an unprecedented (史无前例的) technical challenge for Zhang and his team of designers and (develop).
【答案】developers
【解析】考查名词复数及构词法。句意:角楼的复杂布局对张和他的设计和开发团队提出了史无前例的技术挑战。根据空前的designers可判断,设空处为表示“研发人”的名词的复数形式。
【易错提醒】名词会出现一词多义现象。解题时必须加强语境意思,避免误填development
考点六 动词概述
动词在英语中分为四大类,分别是实义动词(句子中表示动作的词如eat, )、系动词(连接前后的作用如,be, keep,become等)、情态动词(表示说话人的语气和态度,如must, can, may, should等。)和助动词(帮助实义动词构成疑问句、否定句和各种时态do, have)。
知识点1 系动词
系动词(Linking Verbs)本身不表示具体动作,而是连接主语和其状态、特征或身份,后面通常接表语(主语补足语)。由名词、形容词、介词短语、表语从句等充当,描述主语“是什么”、“怎么样”或“处于什么状态”。系动词主要分为以下几类:
1. be动词:表示状态(am, is , are, was, were)
He is a doctor. (身份)
They are happy. (状态)
The sky is blue. (特征)
This cake was delicious. (性质)
2. 感官动词:表示感官知觉(look看起来、sound听起来、smell闻起来、taste尝起来、feel摸起来)
You look tired. (你看起来很累。)
That idea sounds great! (那个主意听起来很棒!)
The flowers smell sweet. (这些花闻起来很香。)
This soup tastes salty. (这汤尝起来咸。)
The fabric feels soft. (这布料摸起来柔软。)
后面跟形容词作表语,描述主语给人的感觉,不是副词。
3. 状态变化系动词:become变得,go变得,run变得,fall变得,grow逐渐变得,turn变得。
She became a famous writer.(她成为了一名著名作家)
It’s getting dark.(天渐渐黑了。)
His face turned red.(他的脸变红了。)
4. 状态保持系动词:stay, keep; remain, prove。表示主语保持某种状态或性质不变。
Please stay calm.(请保持冷静。)
Despite the chaos, he remained silent. (尽管一片混乱,他仍然保持沉默。)
5. 表象系动词:appear看起来; seem似乎; look显得;
She appears (to be) very confident. (她显得非常自信。)
He seems (like) a nice guy.(他看起来是个好人。)
It looks like rain./It looks as if it might rain.(看起来要下雨了。)
1. 区分系动词和实义动词:很多系动词(如 feel, look, smell, taste, turn, grow, prove)本身也可以是实义动词(表示具体动作)。关键在于它们后面接什么以及表达什么含义。
系动词用法:后接表语(形容词/名词等),描述主语状态。
The rose smells sweet. (系动词,描述主语特征)
She feels happy. (系动词,描述主语状态)
实义动词用法:后接宾语(名词/代词)或副词,表示具体动作。
She smelled the rose carefully.(实义动词,有宾语和副词)
The doctor felt my pulse.(实义动词,有宾语)
2. 表语是形容词,不是副词:系动词后描述主语状态特征的是形容词,不是修饰动词的副词。
The soup tastes delicious (adj). (描述汤的状态)
The soup tastes deliciously (adv). 副词不能描述主语)
知识点2 助动词
助动词(Auxiliary Verbs)本身不表示独立完整的动作或状态,而是辅助主要动词表达特定的语法功能,如:时态、语态、疑问、否定、强调、可能性、必要性等。它们必须与主要动词的原形或分词形式结合使用。助动词分为两大类:
基本助动词be, do,have和情态助动词can/could, may/might, will/would, shall/should, must, ought to。
1. Be 动词 (am, is, are, was, were, being, been)
功能1:构成进行时态(Continuous Tenses)
结构: be + V-ing(现在分词)
She is studyingEnglish now.(现在进行时)
They were playing** football when it rained.(过去进行时)
He will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.(将来进行时)
功能2:构成被动语态(Passive Voice)
结构: be + V-ed(过去分词)
The book was written by Shakespeare.(一般过去时被动)
The project **has been completed(现在完成时被动)
Dinner is being cooked by Mom.(现在进行时被动)
2. Have 动词 (have, has, had, having)
功能:构成完成时态(Perfect Tenses)
结构:** have + V-ed(过去分词)
I have finished my homework.(现在完成时)
She had left before I arrived.(过去完成时)
By next year, he **will have graduated(将来完成时)
3. Do 动词 (do, does, did)
功能1:构成疑问句(Questions)
结构: Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
Do you like coffee?(一般现在时疑问)
Did she call you yesterday?(一般过去时疑问)
功能2:构成否定句(Negatives)
结构: 主语 + do/does/did + not + 动词原形
He did not (didn't) go to school.
功能3:表示强调(Emphasis)
结构:主语 + do/does/did + 动词原形 (+ 其他)
I do understand your problem!(我真的理解!)
We did see that movie!(我们确实看了那部电影!)
知识点3 情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义,但也不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的态度或情感,如can, could, shall, should, will, may, might, must。
(一)can/could 的用法
1、表示具备某种“能力”。can表示现在;could表示过去。如:
Can you swim across the river? 你能游过那条河吗?
We couldn’t get the truck to start. 我们发动不了那辆卡车。
2、表示“请求”(疑问句中)、“允许”。Could 比 Can 委婉;都指现在。如:
Could you lend me $55? 你能借给我55美圆吗?
Yes, of course. 当然可以。
No, I cannot/I’m sorry I cannot. 不,不行/对不起,恐怕不行。
3、表示“可能性”。 could的语气更加不肯定。如
That can/could be very awkward. 那可就太尴尬了。
Can/Could it be true? 那会/可能是真的。
That can’t/couldn’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
(二)may/might 的用法
1、表示允许或请求允许;might语气更礼貌:
May I turn on the TV? 我可以把电视打开吗?
She asked if she might have my bike. 她问是否可以借用我的自行车。
can/could和may/might 都可以表示允许和请求允许。can最直截了当;could 礼貌客气;may 既尊重又婉转礼貌;might 带者太多的虚礼,所以很少使用。如:
肯定回答:Yes, of course. Yes, you can/may.
否定回答:No, you can’t/may not /mustn’t /I’m afraid not.
2、表示可能性,“也许”。may和might无时间差别,might语气上更不肯定些。不用于疑问句,可用can/could或别的说法。
You may/might have some fever. 你也许发烧了。
Can/could they be having a bath? 他们可能正在洗澡吗?
(三)must的用法
1、表示义务、命令或劝告,是“必须”之意。否定回答,多用needn’t 或 don’t have to。mustn’t表示“绝对不行、不可以”。
We must take this seriously. 我们必须严肃对待这事。
Must the ladies wear dresses? No, they don’t have to/they needn’t.
Can/May I come in? No, you can’t/mustn’t. 可以进来吗?不行/绝对不行。
2、表示推测,是“肯定、一定”之意。此时,must只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中,用can/could:
There must be a mistake. 准是弄错了。
Can/Could there be a mistake 可能会有错吗?
There can’t/couldn’t be a mistake. 不可能会有错吗?
(1)表示对现在和将来状况的推测:must 一定,may 可能,might 也许,can’t 不可能。从“一定”到“不可能”,可能性逐渐降低。
(2)对已经过去的情况的推测:情态动词+have +done。
(四)need:作为情态动词,一般只用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t try to explain. 你不需要解释。(情态动词)
Need we stay here this evening? 今晚我们需要在这儿住下来吗?(情态动词)
She needs to come tomorrow. 明天她需要来。(实义动词)
need做实义动词时,后面的宾语如果是动名词,用主动形式表示被动意义,如果是不定式的被动形式,来表示被动意义。类似need的这种用法,还有require, want等。
My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。
(五)dare:情态动词dare表示“敢”,在现代英语中,dare往往用做实意动词。
Dare he swim across the river? 他敢游过这条河吗?
He dare not come to see me. 他不敢来见我。
He didn’t dare to go. 他不敢去。
(六)should/ought to的用法
1、表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告。ought to否定式为ought not to /oughtn’t to。
You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.你应该更多的注意你律师的建议。
2. 表示推测和可能性,是“应该”之意。 表示对现在和将来的推测。
You ought not to/shouldn’t be sleeping now. It’s eight o’clock.你不该还在睡觉,已经八点了。
3、“should/ought to have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“应该已经”。有时表“本应该”的意思;“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“本不该”的意思。
He began two hours ago. He ought to have finished filling in the forms now.
两个钟头前他就开始了,现在应该填完那些表格了。
You should not have asked him for help. 你本不应该向他求助。
4、表示讲话人惊奇,失望,愤怒等感情:
It’s strange that he should have lost his temper. 真奇怪,他竟然发脾气。
(七)情态动词+have done
1、“must have+过去分词”表对过去的推测,“一定已经,准是已经….”,用于肯定句。表示否定,要用“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”,意 思 是“不可能”.
The streets are wet. It must have rained. 街道是湿的,准是下雨了。
The money can’t have been lost there. 钱不可能是在那儿丢的。
2、 “may/might have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“也许已经┅,可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。疑问句中用can或could. “might(不是may)have+过去分词”也表示“本来可以…”。
He may have gone to bed. 他可能已经上床睡觉了。
You might have succeeded if you had tried. 假如你尝试过,或许已经成功了。(虚拟语气)
3、“needn’t+ have+过去分词”表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。可译成“本不必”。
I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的。(实际上已经借了)
4、can/could have done在疑问句、否定句中,表示怀疑和不可能,这时没有时间上的差别,只是could的语气更弱一些:
Who can/could have taken them? 谁会把它们拿走了呢?
He can’t/couldn’t have taken it home. 他不可能是带回家去了。
could have done(但不是can)在肯定句中,表示“本来可以…;差点就要…”。
We could have started a little earlier. 我们其实可以更早一些动身的。
5、should/ought to have done表示“过去应该做谋事却没有做”;“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“做了不应该做的事”。含有责备或遗憾的意思。
She should/ought to have gone there alone. 她本该一个人去那里的。(实际上不是)
The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 那孩子不应该一直在弹钢琴。
6、might, may, must表示推测时的区别: may,might, must可表示 推 测“可能”.根据表示可能性的大小,我们把这三个词排列为:might<may<must(或许→可能→肯定)。例如:
It might rain tomorrow. (将来)明天可能下雨。
They might be watching TV now. (现在)他们可能正在看电视。
Jane might have visited the Summer Palace last year. (过去)去年珍妮可能去过颐和园。
He may have something important to do. (现在)他可能有更重要的事要做。
They may have been to Shanghai last summer. (过去)去年夏天他们可能去过上海。
There must be something wrong with him. (现在)他肯定出问题了。
He must have made a mistake. (过去)他一定是犯了个错误。
情态动词的重点和难点是:情态动词之间的区别;表示“推测”的表达方式;以及“情态动词+have+过去分词”的含义。
知识点4 实义动词
实义动词 (action Verbs)又叫行为动词,是英语动词的核心,表示动作的动词,有实在的意义,如eat, run, think等。实义动词是具有完整意义,可以单独作谓语,主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语,分为及物动词和不及物动词。
常见的不及物动词有:
agree同意
arrive到达
come来
die死
exist存在
fall掉下
spread传开
happen发生
lie平躺
stay待
walk走
rise升起
remain剩下
consist由......组成
go去
lie位于,在于
laugh大笑
snow下雪
live居住
think想
hope希望
1.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
如talk to /with sb(与某人交谈),think about sth(思考某事), hope for sth.(希望某事),dream of sth.(梦想某事)。2.有些动词可以跟同源宾语如,dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life过着舒适的生活。3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词,如sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。
1.The books have been sold out.(vt.)这些书已经卖完了。
2.The book sells well.(vi.)这本书很畅销。
3.You don’t have to write these things in detail. (vt.)你不必详细地写这些东西。
4.The pen writes smoothly. (vi.)这支笔写起来很流利。
思维建模
技巧:多维度根据语境及动词类别及用法掌握语法填空中有关动词题的解题思路。
1.长难句中首先考虑找到谓语,提炼句子的主干;
2.解决熟词生义时务必瞻前顾后,根据上下文进行合理推断;
3. 掌握谓语的考点和解题策略;
4. 掌握非谓语的考点和解题策略;
5. 在复杂语境中根据前后文进行词类转换。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查对系动词、情态动词、助动词的用法
例1She have earned a lot of money, for she bought a second new car yesterday.
例2Our English teacher is considerate, helpful, and warm-hearted, but sometimes she be angry at our silly mistakes.
思维建模:遇到情态动词的句子时,务必根据上下文具体语境迅速判断情态动词的具体意义或特殊句式中的意思。
例3There (be) a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people’s eyes. What we should keep in mind is that books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules. We should judge a movie in its own right.
例4The woodcutter determined to take the job--the pay was really good and so the work conditions.
例5The silk dress bought in the store (feel) smooth and comfortable, so my mother decided to take it.
例6This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it (taste)delicious.
1.有些单词一词多义,在作系动词时,要跟形容词作表语;但同一词形如果作实义动词用,意思变化
且用副词修饰。2.系动词有时态的变化,不能用于被动语态。
例7Not only he speak correctly, but he also speaks easily.
例8No sooner he arrived at the station than his friend left by train.
考向二 考查及物动词和不及物动词在复杂语境下词义及词形变化
例1 A “hat trick” (occur) in football when a player scores three goals in a single game.
例2Some students agree to hold a party for Christmas, but others (agree) because it’s not a Chinese traditional festival.
例3When he came across a difficult math problem, he immediately (seek) help from his teacher.
例4Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language.
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
考点01 考查完形填空语境中的动词及动词短语
1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷) I’ve matured a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
2.(2024•新高考Ⅱ卷) Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always accompanied by laughter and joy.
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
考点02 考查熟词生义和一词多义
1.(2021·全国乙卷 )(阅读C)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
2. (2021·全国甲卷 )(阅读B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽).
3.(2021·全国甲卷 )(阅读七选五)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.
考点03 考查动词的词形转换
1.This can _______(deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the solar system.
2. The best way to live is to help and (rich) the lives of others.
3.Can you (vision) what urban life will be like in 100 years?
4. Let’s (summary) what we have learnt today.
考点04 考查动词的词义辨析
1.(2026·天津市第一百中学等校联合模拟)________ as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.
A.Adapted B.Adjusted C.Adopted D.Conditioned
2.(2026·天津市红桥区第五中学适应性考试)The two sides have agreed to have peace talks next month, __________ that peace is likely to return to the area soon.
A.pretending B.indicating C.imagining D.warning
3.(2026·天津市第四十七中学考前测试)To _________ the orderly development of the social credit system, the government is taking measures to prevent dishonest conduct.
A.promote B.suspend C.prohibit D.distinguish
4.(2026·天津市河北区一模)Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with a kite ______ the truth that lightning is a form of electricity.
A.drafted B.suspected C.assumed D.established
5.(2026·天津市河北区期末)Before you start your road trip along Highway 318, please call the local centre to ________ the road conditions ahead.
A.confirm B.decline C.resign D.distinguish
考点05 考查系动词、实意动词、助动词和情态动词
1.Not only the professors have their own idea on the matter , but the students have theirs ,too.
2.Little (do) I think that I would pursue fashion design as my job and qualify as a fashion designer eventually.
3.China is a developing country that (belong) to the Third World.
4.This incident has (sharp) public awareness of the economic crisis.
5.Jack described his father, who have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
6. They cause discomfort, but try to challenge these worries and replace them with more helpful thoughts.
7.Do I have to take this medicine? It (taste) so terrible.
8.The colorful flowers in the garden (attract) many butterflies.
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专题07 动词和动词短语
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 动词的词形转换
知识解构 知识点1 加-en后缀构成动词 知识点2 加-en/-em前缀构成动词 知识点3 加-ise/ize后缀构成动词 知识点4 -ify 为后缀的动词 知识点5 形容词/名词 + -ate 构成的动词
考向破译 考向 1 名词数的判断及变化形式 考向02 复杂语境下名词单复数的判断
考点二 动词词义辨析
知识解构 知识点1 阅读理解常考的动词词义 知识点2 完形填空常考的动词词义
考向破译 考向01 考查在单句语境中的动词词义辨析 考向02 考查完形填空语境中的动词词义辨析 考向03 考查阅读理解中的关键动词词义 考向04 找准谓语动词是解决长难句的关键
考点三 动词的熟词生义
知识解构 知识点1 2026年高考真题熟词生义 知识点2 2025年高考真题熟词生义 知识点3 2024年高考真题熟词生义 知识点4 2023年高考真题熟词生义
考向破译 考向 考查动词的熟词生义
考点四 动词的一词多义
知识解构 知识点 常考的动词的一词多义
考向破译 考向 考查一词多义
考点五 动词短语
知识解构 知识点1 动词+介词/副词 知识点2 动词+名词 知识点3 动词短语的一词多义
考向破译 考向01 考查在完形填空语境中的动词短语 考向02 考查动词短语在阅读理解中的含义 考向03 考查动词短语辨析
考点六 动词概述
知识解构 知识点1 系动词 知识点2 助动词 知识点3 情态动词 知识点4 实义动词
考向破译 考向01 对系动词、情态动词、助动词的用法考查 考向02 及物动词和不及物动词在复杂语境下词义及词形变化的考查
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026年
2025年
2024年
动词词义辨析
(2026·全国I卷)dream;lie;hear;complain;value;admit;fear;remember;inspire;trust;remind;challenge;touring;changing;leaving;protecting(2026·全国II卷)changed;ruined;revealed;interrupted;kept;left;held;took;tried;noticed;asked;waited;examine;congratulate;lecture;consult;remembered;agreed;managed;hesitated;
(2025·全国I卷)store 储存;spare 省得;免去;encountered 遇见;appreciating 欣赏decarbonizevt. 除去碳素;除炭;electrify v 使电气化;champion v 捍卫;trap v 收集,吸收(2025·全国II卷)exercise锻炼; grow形成;Help帮助; shared共享;attract v.吸引,招引
(2024·全国I卷)won赢得;training训练;hated讨厌; dreamed梦想;borrowed借;passed超过;matured成熟(2024·全国II卷)approached靠近; attended参加,上(学);building修建;quote引用; recall记起;showed展示;traveling旅行;engage参与
动词词义
(2026·全国I卷)postpone;indicate; respond;understand;expand;maintain;release;conduct;measure;initiate;engage;sustain;enhance;(2026·全国II卷)reward;afford ;establish;collect;accelerate;supply;;boost;redirect;complain;normalise ;perceive;convince;
(2025·全国I卷)donate v 捐赠;equip v 装备,配备;recommend v 推荐;reveal vt. 揭示;透露;展现;
(2025·全国II卷)decrease v.减少;produce v.引起, 生产;determine v.查明, 测定;sustain vt.维持, 支撑,支持
(2024·全国I卷)restore v 修复,恢复,使复原;confirm v 确认;review v 查看,检查;practice v 实行,奉行;(2024·全国II卷)ensure - 确保,保证;submit v 提交;publish vt 出版;discourage v 阻止;expand v 扩张;submit 提交;categorize 分类
动词短语
(2026·全国I卷)give up ;put off;face up to;look forward to;zone out;divided into;account for;carried out;occurred to……(2026·全国II卷)stepped aside;got up;went off;turned back;pulls into;pour out;make up;put down;be filled with……
(2025·全国I卷)emptying out 清空;be interpreted as 被理解为……;strike sb as 给某人留下……印象;account for 考虑到;broaden one’s view 拓宽某人的视野;take joy in 以……为乐;paint over 刷油漆覆盖(2025·全国II卷)keep up with跟上,保持同步;add...to...将...加入... / 给...添加...;translate into(把…)翻译成…, 把…转化成, 造成;raise awareness增强意识
(2024·全国I卷)turned to转向;play a vital role in 在……中起着极其重要的作用;fill out ... form 填写……表;put ... to sleep 给(患病动物)实施安乐死(2024·全国II卷)rely on依靠;forget to do 忘记去做某事;conduct an interview 进行采访;
考情分析
高考对动词和动词短语的考查是高考试题的重点和难点。分析近三年高考真题可知,近年高考命题加重对语境理解及语言知识相融合的考查、强化语言运用能力和语境理解能力,侧重考查考生语言运用的准确性和得体性。对动词和动词短语在高考试卷中的题型分布主要有以下几种:
听力:侧重其动词及情态动词的语音语调、词义辨析、时态和句式的灵活运用;
阅读理解:侧重动词词义、熟词生义以及动词在长难句中的灵活运用;
完形填空:增加在语境中正确使用动词和动词短语词义的命题,考查动词的“旧词新意”和“熟词生义”现象, 主要以隐形考查的方式出现在完形填空试题中。
语法填空:侧重考查动词的各种形态变化;
书面表达:考查对动词词义和用法的熟练掌握。
复习目标
1.熟练掌握动词词形转换规律;
2.掌握动词及动词短语在阅读和完形填空语境中的词义辨析
3.掌握动词和动词短语的基本词义;
4.掌握动词和动词短语在特定语境中的熟词生义和一词多义;
5.了解动词的基本分类及各类动词的用途。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 动词的词形转换
知●识●解●构
知识点1 加-en后缀构成动词
①形容词/名词+en→动词,意为:使变得……;成为……的状态
直接加en或去掉e加en:
1.
dark
adj. 黑暗的n. 黑暗
→
darken
v. (使)变黑;(使)变得阴沉
2.
wide
adj. 宽的
→
widen
v. 加宽;范围扩大
3.
white
adj. 白的n. 白色
→
whiten
vt.& vi. (使某物)变白或更白
4.
soft
adj. 软的,柔软的;温和的
→
soften
vt. (使)温和;使缓和;减轻;变柔和
vi. 变软
5.
short
adj. 短的,短暂的;矮的
→
shorten
v. (使)变短,缩短
6.
sharp
adj. 锋利的;急转弯的;敏锐的
→
sharpen
v. (使)提高,改善;加强
7.
hard
adj. 硬的
harden
vt. 使硬化vi. 变硬或更硬
②形容词+en→动词
直接加en或去掉e加en:
1.
deep
adj. 深的
→
deepen
vt.& vi. 变深,加深
2.
strong
adj. 强的;坚强的
→
strengthen
v. 巩固;支持;壮大;加强
3.
weak
adj. (虚)弱的,无力(度)的;微弱的
→
weaken
v. (使)虚弱,削弱
4.
bright
adj. 明亮的;鲜艳的
→
brighten
v. 照亮,使更艳丽
5.
quick
adj. 快的,急速的
→
quicken
vt.& vi. (使)变快;增速
6.
loose
adj. 松动的;零散的
→
loosen
vt. 解开或使松;放宽,放松vi. 变松或变得更松
7.
fat
adj. 肥的,胖的
→
fatten
vt. 喂肥;养肥
8.
broad
adj. 宽的;广泛的
→
broaden
v. 变宽;扩大…的范围
③名词+en→动词
直接加en或去掉e加en:
1.
threat
n. 威胁
→
threaten
v. 恐吓;对…构成威胁
2.
fright
n. 恐怖;惊吓
→
frighten
v. 使惊恐;害怕
3.
height
n. 高度;高
→
heighten
vt.& vi. (使)变高;(使)加强
4.
length
n. 长度
→
lengthen
vt.& vi. 延长;伸长
知识点2 加-en/-em前缀构成动词
①en+名词→动词
名词前直接加en:
1.
list
n. 清单
→
enlist
v. (使)入伍;取得
2.
trap
n. (捕鸟兽的)陷阱/夹子/圈套;困境
→
entrap
vt. 使陷入圈套,使入陷阱
3.
slave
n. 奴隶
→
enslave
vt. 使成为奴隶;奴役
4.
case
n. 盒,箱
→
encase
vt. 包装;围绕;把…装箱
5.
courage
n. 勇气;无畏;胆量
→
encourage
v. 鼓励;使有希望
②en+形容词→动词
形容词前直接加en:
1.
able
adj. 能(够);聪明能干的
→
enable
v. 使能够;使可行
2.
dear
adj. 亲爱的;珍视的
→
endear
vt. 使受喜爱;使亲密
3.
noble
adj. 高尚的;贵族的
→
ennoble
vt. 封…为贵族,使高贵
4.
large
adj. 大的;大量的
→
enlarge
v. 扩大,增大;放大
5.
rich
adj. 富有的;肥沃的
→
enrich
v. 充实;使丰富/富含/富有
6.
sure
adj. 肯定的,有把握的;一定的
→
ensure
v. 确保;担保
②em+形容词/名词→动词,意为:使……处于某种状态;使变成……;置于……之中
形容词/名词前直接加em:
1.
power
n. 权力;能力
→
empower
vt. 授权;准许;使能够
2.
body
n. 身体,躯干;尸体
→
embody
v. 体现,代表;包含
3.
bitter
adj. 激烈的;痛苦的
→
embitter
vt. 使怨恨,激怒
4.
brace
n. 手臂;拥抱
→
embrace
v. 拥抱;欣然接受;信奉
知识点3 加-ise/ize后缀构成动词,表示“使……,使成为……”“实行……”等含义
加-ise/ize后缀构成动词:
1.
analysis
n. 分析
→
analyze
v. 分析;分解;化验
2.
sympathy
n. 同情;支持,赞同
→
sympathize
vi. 同情,怜悯;共鸣
3.
criticism
n. 批判;指责
→
criticize
v. 批评,指责;评价,批判
4.
memory
n. 记忆力;回忆
→
memorize
vt. 记住,熟记
5.
emphasis
n. 强调,重要性
→
emphasize
v. 强调;重视;使突出
6.
industry
n. 工业;产业
→
industrialize
vt.& vi. (使)工业化
7.
modern
adj. 现代的;近代的;现代化的
→
modernize
vt. 使现代化,使适应现代需要 vi. 现代化
8.
special
adj. 特殊的;重要的
→
specialize
vi. 专门从事;专攻;特化 vt. 使专门化
9.
apology
n. 道歉,认错;辩解
→
apologize
v. 道歉,认错
10.
reality
n. 现实;事实
→
realize
vt. 实现;意识到
知识点4 -ify 为后缀的动词主要表示“使……化”、“使成为……”
-ify 为后缀的动词:
1.
simple
adj. 简单的;单纯的;朴素的
→
simplify
v. 分析;分解;化验
2.
class
n. 等级;种类
→
classify
v. 将…分类
3.
identity
n. 身份;个性;一致
→
identify
vt. 识别,认出;确定
4.
clear
adj. 易懂的,清楚的;显然的
→
clarify
v. 阐明,澄清;净化
5.
just
adj. 公正的,合理的
→
justify
vt. 证明…有理;为…辩护
6.
pure
adj. 纯粹的,干净的
→
purify
vt. 使纯净,净化;精炼
7.
quality
n. 质量;特性;素质
→
qualify
v. (使)有资格/权利;达到标准
8.
intense
adj. 强烈的;紧张的
→
intensify
vt.& vi. (使)增强,(使)加剧
9.
diverse
adj. 形形色色的;不同的
→
diversify
v. (使)多样化
10.
terror
n. 恐怖;恐怖行为
→
terrify
vt. 使恐怖,使惊吓
11.
beauty
n. 美(丽);美人;美好的东西
→
beautify
v. 美化;打扮
12.
glory
n. 光荣
→
glorify
vt. 赞美;颂扬;美化;使更壮丽
知识点5 形容词/名词 + -ate 构成的动词
+ -ate 构成的动词:
1.
active
adj. 积极的;忙碌的,活跃的
→
activate
v. 使运作;使起作用;激活
2.
education
n. 教育;培养;教育学
→
educate
v. 教育;教导
3.
concentration
n. 全神贯注
→
concentrate
v. 全神贯注;使集中;使浓缩
4.
creation
n. (宗教)创世;创造作品
→
create
v. 创造;创建
5.
celebration
n. 庆典;庆祝;赞扬
→
celebrate
v. 庆祝;赞美
6.
different
adj. 有差别的,分别的
→
differentiate
v. 区分,辨别;使有差别
7.
dominant
adj. 占支配地位的;显著的
→
dominate
v. 在…中占首要地位;控制,支配
8.
captive
adj. 被监禁的,被关押的
→
captivate
vt. 迷住,迷惑
9.
origin
n. 起源;出身
→
originate
vt. 引起;创始;发生;发明 vi. 起源于,来自
1.wide adj. 宽的 → widen v. 加宽;范围扩大
2.white adj. 白的n. 白色 → whiten vt.& vi. (使某物)变白或更白
3.active adj. 积极的;忙碌的,活跃的 → activate v. 使运作;使起作用;激活
4.different adj. 有差别的,分别的 → differentiate v. 区分,辨别;使有差别
5.clear adj. 易懂的,清楚的;显然的 → clarify v. 阐明,澄清;净化
6.dear adj. 亲爱的;珍视的 → endear vt. 使受喜爱;使亲密
考●向●破●译
考向 考查动词为核心的词形转换
1.(2026·全国I卷听力改编)I bet about 50% of the energy you need every day comes from vegetables or animals that (origin) in this area.
【答案】originated
【解析】考查动词及动词时态。句意:我估计您日常所需的能量约有50%来自该地区原产的蔬菜或动物产品。此处是定语从句,空处是谓语动词,所以把名词origin变成动词originate,根据句意用一般过去时。故填originated。
2.I thought what you said (worse) the relationship between you two.
【答案】worsened
【解析】考查动词及动词时态。句意:我以为你说的话恶化了你们之间的关系。设空处在句中作从句谓语,应用动词;结合句意及提示词可知,此处应用worsen,时态为一般过去时。故填worsened。
3.Doing so will (title) the ticket holder to unlimited free parking.
【答案】entitle
【解析】考查动词。句意:这样做将使持票人有权无限制地免费停车。根据句意和提示词可知,空格处填提示词名词title“头衔”动词形式entitle“赋予权利”,作谓语,助动词will后用动词原形。故填entitle。
4.Drunk driving not only affects our daily life, but may also (threat) people’s lives.
【答案】threaten
【解析】考查动词。句意:酒驾不仅影响我们的日常生活,而且还可能威胁到人们的生命。may是情态动词,其后跟动词原形,threat的动词是threaten。故填threaten。
思维建模
技巧:通过句子成分确定动词的可能性,排除其他词性干扰
1.先确定句子的谓语动词,谓语动词有时态和语态的变化,是句子的核心
2.确定非谓语动词;
3.确定其他词性转换为动词的正确拼写形式。
考点二 动词词义辨析
知●识●解●构
知识点1 阅读理解常考的动词词义
(2026高考较难动词词义)
compare v.比较, 把…比作, 相比
measure v.衡量, 测量, 量度为…, 估量
influence v.影响, 支配
broaden v.变宽, 扩大…的范围
conduct v. 进行,组织,实施;指挥;传导(热或电)
release v.释放, 松开, 发泄
expand v.扩大, 发展
maintain v.维持,保持, 坚称, 维修
conclude 推断出, 总结, 结束
respond v.回答,回报,响应
detect v. 发现;查明;测
illustrate v. 说明;插图于……
overestimate vt. 对…作过高的评价
underestimate vt. 对…估计不足
cancel v. 取消,终止;废除,注销
accelerate v. (使)加快,(使)加速
calculate vt.计算,预测;估计
integrate v. (使)合并,(使)结合
eliminate vt. 清除;淘汰
perceive v.理解;注意到
stimulate v. 刺激;激发;促进
reveal v. 揭示;展示
submit v. 顺从;提交;主张;建议
recognize vt.认出;承认 vi. 确认
motivate vt.促动,激发,诱导;刺激
accompany v. 陪同,陪伴;伴随
civilize v.使文明,开化
strengthen v. 巩固;加强;增强
neglect v. 疏忽 n. 忽略;怠慢
respect n. 尊敬 v. 遵守
twist vt. 搓,捻;连结,交结 vi. 扭动;旋转,转动
encounter v. 遭遇;偶遇 n. 偶遇
tempt vt. 引诱,怂恿;吸引
distinguish v. 区分;辨别出
investigate v. 调查;研究
capitalize vt. 估计…的价值;把…定为首都 vi. 利用
accumulate v. 积累,积聚
compensate v. 弥补,补偿;赔偿
alleviate vt. 减轻,使...缓和
disable v.使...失去能力
diagnose v.诊断 vi. 判断,诊断
prescribe vi.开药方 vt.规定,开处方
qualify vt.取得资格vi.取得资格
soothe v.缓和,使..安静,安慰
undertake vt.从事,承担;负责
transplant vt.移植(器官)
assign v.分配,指派 赋值
monitor v. 监控 n. 监测仪器
sideline v. 使退出比赛;使下场(尤指由于受伤);把…排除在核心之外
allocate vt.分配assess v.评估;估算
boost v.提高;推动;使增长
thrive v.旺盛,繁荣
flourish v.繁荣
modify v.调整;修饰
bully v. 恐吓,威逼
prioritize vt. 按重要性排列;优先处理
misunderstand v. 误解
frustrate vt. 挫败;使受挫折
suspect v. 猜想,觉得;怀疑
知识点2 完形填空常考的动词词义
①与人物情绪相关的高频词汇
stare 盯着看
glare 瞪眼看
warn 警告
complain 抱怨
quarrel 吵架
cry呼喊
call叫
shout 大叫
scream尖叫
moan 呻吟
sigh叹气
throw扔
shake 摇
shed tears 流泪
weep哭泣
smile 微笑
laugh大笑
laugh at 嘲笑
celebrate 庆祝/庆贺
observe 庆祝; 遵守;观测
praise 表扬
criticize 批评
quake 震动;颤抖
tremble 发抖;战栗(因寒冷、愤怒等)
touch摸
dislike 不喜欢
hate 讨厌/恨
awful 讨厌的
disgusting 令人厌恶的
ignore忽视/不理睬
overlook忽视think/believe/consider/feel认为
conclude/infer 推断
doubt 怀疑
embrace 拥抱
hug抱
hold拿着;持有;抱住
②与人生感悟、哲理类相关的高频词汇
explain 解释
remind 提醒
declare 宣布
express 表达
grasp 握住; 理解;领会打击
strike 突然地击打/突然想到get=obtain=acquire 获得
gain 获得
own/possess 拥有
lose 丢了
gone 不见了
afford 买得起
pay付款
succeed 成功
win赢/获胜
come true 实现
lose失败/损失
failure 失败/故障
defeat 击败/挫败
have有
own 拥有
occupy=possess占有
advise/suggest/recommend/propose 建议
demand/urge 强烈要求
persuade 劝说
mature v. 长大成人;成熟;酿成;到期 adj. 成熟的;酿熟的;成年的;到期的
understand明白,理解;了解;得知;默认;suffer 遭受
loss损失
beat打败
③与描述事件发生的过程相关的高频词汇
look看(动作)
notice 注意
glimpse 瞥见
observe (为了研究进行的)观察
bargain 讨价还价
chat with 聊天
describe 描述
debate 辩论
ask询问
interview采访
question提问
answer 回答
hear听(结果)
overhear无意中听到
write 写
describe 描写
draw 画
take 拿走
bring拿来
hold拿着
carry 扛/挑
fetch (去)拿来
lift举
put放
lay铺/放置
seize 紧抓
scratch 挠
hit (一次性地)打击
beat (不间断地)打击
attack 攻击
drop掉下/使落下
fall 突然倒下/落下
send 寄送
deliver 递送
give给
slip滑到;悄悄溜
wear穿/戴
remove 移走;脱下(衣服等)
consume 消耗;吃喝
sip小口喝
toast干杯
taste品尝
feel 感觉/触摸
sense 感觉到
guess 猜测
assume 假定;认为; 承担
suppose认为;假设
wonder 想知道
doubt怀疑
know 懂得/知道
learn认识到/学到
realize 意识到
understand 理解
remember 记得
cook烹饪
wash洗
chop切;砍
clean 变干净
brush 刷
cover盖
uncover 揭开盖子; 揭露
save (up)攒钱
think about/consider考虑到
offer 主动给予
kick踢
knock 敲
tip 轻敲
walk走/散步
run跑
climb爬
jump跳
skip 跳过;不做(某事)
seem/appear/seem like/as if/as though 似乎/好像
prepare准备
confirm证实
acquire获得
searched搜索
recognised认出
followed跟随
invited邀请
gathered聚集、采集
cleaned清除
dropped掉落
checked检查
shake摇晃
light点燃;点亮
measure测量
decorate装饰
jump跳
test测试
climb攀爬
arrange安排
interrupt中断
complete完成
record记录
find找到
hide隐藏
start启动
fix修理
set up建立
remove移动
spot发现
identify确认
adopt收养
crawl 匍匐前进
rest 休息
enter 进人
④与事件发生结果相关的高频词汇
claim 宣称;声称
admit 承认
deny 否决
announce 公布
introduce 介绍
repeat 重复
discuss 讨论
mention 提起评论
discover/explore 发现/探索
inspect 视察
find找到(结果)
check 检查/核实
examine审问/(仔细地)检查
test 检测/检验
disappear 消失
gone 没有
rise 上升/升起
drop减少/降低
arise 增加/提高/举起
increase 增加
decrease 减少
buy买
purchase 购买
sell卖/销售
bargain 讨价还价/便宜货
exist存在
appear 出现
survive 幸存
disappear 消失
die out灭绝
develop 发展/壮大/增强
evolve 进化;演变
improve 改进/提高
grow生长;种植
reform 改革
hurt受伤;伤害
injure 意外受伤
bleed出血
get burnt 烧伤
damage损坏
destroy破坏
ruin毁灭
repair修理
rebuild重建
restore 恢复/修复
fix修理
agree/disagree 同意/反对
accept 接受
agree同意
sharpen提高,改善;加强,加重
copy/imitate 模仿
fasten扎牢
fix安装
set设置
equip装置
predict预测
ensure确保
realize 意识到,实现
settle 定居,解决
judge 判定,裁决
ignore 忽略
form 形成
affect 影响,感染
witness 见证
approve 赞成,批准
recognize辨认出,承认
spread传播,散播
complete 完成
reflect 反射,反映,反省
prove 证明
accomplish 完成实现
overcome 克服
abandon遗弃,放弃
return返回
fight打仗
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查在单句语境中的动词词义辨析
1.(2026·天津市第四十七中学三模)When Robert was at university, he ______ lots of social experience by taking an active part in club activities, which provided the foundation for his career development.
A.accumulated B.accelerated
C.acknowledged D.accomplished
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:当罗伯特在大学时,他通过积极参加俱乐部活动积累了大量的社会经验,这为他的职业发展奠定了基础。A. accumulate积累;B. accelerate加速;C. acknowledge承认;D. accomplish完成。空处与“lots of social experience”搭配,表示“积累社会经验”,应用动词accumulate。
2.(2026·天津市南开区质量监测(二))Don’t be afraid of difficulties. They can help you ________ experience, and experience can, in turn, broaden your horizons.
A.accumulate B.clarify C.strengthen D.expand
【答案】A
【解析】句意:不要害怕困难。它们可以帮助你积累经验,而经验反过来又可以拓宽你的视野。A. accumulate积累;B. clarify澄清;C. strengthen加强;D. expand扩大。困难可以帮助人们积累经验,用accumulate,accumulate experience表示“积累经验”。
3.(2026·天津市北辰区第二次模拟)It’s no use complaining here. You must ________ the boss of your honesty with enough evidence.
A.accuse B.warn C.convince D.relieve
【答案】C
【解析】句意:在这里抱怨没有用。你必须用足够的证据使老板相信你是诚实的。 A. accuse指责;控告;B. warn警告;告诫;C. convince使相信;说服;D. relieve缓解;减轻。根据前文It’s no use complaining here可知,必须用足够的证据使老板相信你是诚实的。
4.(2026·天津市河西区质量调查三)The new policy _________that employees must take at least five days of continuous leave each year to ensure work-life balance.
A.states B.predicts C.warns D.recommends
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词。句意:新政策规定,员工每年必须至少休五天连续假,以确保工作与生活的平衡。A. states规定;B. predicts预测;C. warns警告;D. recommends建议。根据employees must take at least five days of continuous leave each year to ensure work-life balance可知,此处是新政策规定的具体内容。
5.(2026·天津市东丽区高三质量调研试卷(一))Among all the places of interest I’ve explored, the Forbidden City has ________ me the most with its ancient architecture and rich history.
A.provided B.encouraged C.equipped D.impressed
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:在我所游览过的所有名胜古迹中,故宫给我留下的印象最为深刻,它那古老的建筑风格和丰富的历史底蕴令我赞叹不已。A. provided提供;B. encouraged鼓励;C. equipped装备;D. impressed使印象深刻。根据后文“with its ancient architecture and rich history”可知,指古老的建筑风格和丰富的历史底蕴使人印象深刻。故选D。
考向二 考查完形填空语境中的动词词义辨析
1.(2026·全国I卷)As I move through my college years, I look forward to the visits to my little hometown. I am grateful for the experience that I had growing up and know that wherever my next adventure takes me, I can 55 my small town roots to lead me in the right direction.
55.A.inspire B.trust C.remind D.challenge
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词。句意:我感恩成长途中的种种经历,也明白无论下一场人生奔赴何方,我都可以信赖小镇故土孕育的根基,它会指引我走向正确的道路。A. inspire激励;B. trust信任、依靠;C. remind提醒;D. challenge挑战。根据后文“lead me in the right direction”可知,小镇塑造了自己的品性与处事准则,能够依靠小镇故土孕育的根基走向正确的道路。
2.(2026·全国I卷)The pace of life is slow and people 49 connecting to each other. You do more than just talk to your neighbors — in a lot of cases, they’re truly an extension of your family.
49.A.value B.admit C.fear D.remember
【答案】A
【解析】 考查动词。句意:这里生活节奏缓慢,人们十分看重彼此间的交往相处。A. value重视;B. admit承认;C. fear害怕;D. remember记住。根据后文“You do more than just talk to your neighbors — in a lot of cases, they’re truly an extension of your family.”可知,邻里亲密如家人,能看出当地人珍视人际交往。
3.(2026·全国I卷)As I grow older, I’m more and more thankful for my small town roots. Sure, my friends and I loved to 46 about how bored we were in the middle of nowhere; however, as I finish up my junior year of college, I’m convinced that it took ________ our small town to realize how much we actually loved it and what exactly we loved about it.
46.A.dream B.lie C.hear D.complain
48.A.touring B.changing C.leaving D.protecting
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词。句意:诚然,从前我和朋友们总爱抱怨待在偏僻地方有多无聊,然而,在我读完大三之际,我确信只有离开小镇,我们才明白自己有多深爱这里、喜爱这里的点点滴滴。A. dream梦想;B. lie撒谎;C. hear听见;D. complain抱怨。根据后文“how bored we were”可知,作者和朋友从前经常抱怨小镇无趣。
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词。句意:诚然,从前我和朋友们总爱抱怨待在偏僻地方有多无聊,然而,在我读完大三之际,我确信只有离开小镇,我们才明白自己有多深爱这里、喜爱这里的点点滴滴。A. touring游览;B. changing改变;C. leaving离开;D. protecting保护。根据前文“after I went to school in central Pennsylvania”可知,作者离开家乡后才有全新看法,此处对应离开小镇才懂得珍惜。
考向三 考查阅读理解中的关键动词词义
找出并翻译下列句子中的关键动词词义及句子意思
1.(2026·全国I卷)Beyond visitor interaction, AI plays a crucial role in preserving priceless artworks. Since the exhibits in museums sustain natural decay (破损) over time, early detection is vital.
【关键动词词义】preserve v. 保持;保护;sustain vt. 维持;支撑,支持;遭受,忍受
【句意】除促进游客互动外,人工智能在保护珍贵艺术品方面发挥着关键作用。由于博物馆展品会随时间推移发生自然老化,早期检测至关重要。
2.(2026年1月·浙江卷)Scientists at Salk Institute are making use of the natural capacity of plants to absorb carbon dioxide by enhancing their root systems.
【关键动词词义】absorb v. 吸收;理解 enhance v. 提高,增强
【句意】索尔克研究所的科学家们正利用植物通过增强根系来吸收二氧化碳的天然能力。
3.(2026年1月·浙江卷)In a study published in Plant Phenomics, Busch and Pereira establish a new procedure for using SLEAP to analyze plant root phenotypes — how deep and wide they grow, how massive their root systems become, and other physical qualities.
【关键动词词义】establish v. 创建;建立 analyze v. 分析;分解
【句意】在《植物表型组学》期刊发表的一项研究中,Busch与Pereira建立了一种利用 SLEAP 分析植物根系表型的新方法——包括根系生长的深度与宽度、根系规模大小以及其他物理特性。
考向四 找准谓语动词是解决长难句的关键
找出并翻译下列句子中的谓语动词并翻译句子意思
1.(2026年1月·浙江卷)What’s more, tracking these physical root system characteristics helps scientists find genes (基因) associated with those characteristics, as well as whether multiple root characteristics are determined by the same genes or independently.
【谓语动词】主句helps v.帮助 从句determine v. 查明;测定;准确算出;决定
【句意】此外,追踪这些物理根系特征有助于科学家识别与这些特征相关的基因,并明确多种根系特征是由同一组基因决定还是独立调控。
2.(2026·全国I卷)Smart recommendation engines analyze data such as exhibit popularity and visitors’ past behavior to suggest specific exhibits and events, making each visit unique and surprising.
【谓语动词】analyze v. 分析
【句意】智能推荐引擎通过分析展品受欢迎程度及访客过往行为等数据,精准推荐特定展品与活动,让每次参观都独具特色且充满惊喜。
考点三 动词的熟词生义
知●识●解●构
知识点 动词的熟词生义
2026年高考真题熟词生义
1.charge 【生义】 v. 给…充电 【熟义】v. 收费;把…记在账上
(2026·全国II卷·阅读D)Little do they know that as they do so, a burst of energy is sent up to street level to help charge an electric car.他们并不知道,这样做时,一股能量会被传输到街道层面,为电动汽车充电。
2.go【生义】 变得 【熟义】走
(2026·全国II卷·阅读D)Barcelona has put together a package of clean energy technologies to help public transportation go greener 巴塞罗那已制定了一套清洁能源技术方案,旨在推动公共交通系统更加环保。
3.(2026·全国II卷·阅读D)power【生义】 v. 驱动;快速前进 【熟义】动力;能量;电力供应
(2026·全国II卷·阅读D)Sixteen stations of Barcelona’s subway system are part of its new MetroCharge project, whereby the energy from the underground trains’ brakes (刹车) is used to power the trains and the stations themselves
4.run【生义】 vt. 运行,经营【熟义】vt.& vi. 跑 water 【生义】 v. 灌溉【熟义】水
(2026·全国II卷·阅读7选5)Involve your child in the daily running of the house: tidying toys, feeding the dog, watering the plants.
5.practice【生义】 n. 常规;实践【熟义】 v. 练习
(2026·全国II卷·阅读C)It is common practice to provide the elevation (高度) of a place.
6.mirror【生义】 vt. 反映;反射【熟义】n. 镜子,反光镜
(2026·全国II卷·阅读C)These stages mirror the development of human conceptions of the sea.
7. pride【生义】 v. 为…感到自豪【熟义】n. 自豪
But that’s not the thing he prides himself on.
8. occur【生义】 突然想到;意识到【熟义】v. 发生;存在于
(2026·全国I卷·阅读B)Suddenly it occurred to me that he did not even know how to use a dictionary.
9. conduct【生义】 v. 进行,组织,实施【熟义】v. 指挥;带领
A team of Cambridge psychologists conducted an experiment to compare the cognitive (认知的) effects of merely seeing art with actively judging how beautiful it is.
10. suggest【生义】 v. 表明;暗示【熟义】v. 建议;推荐
Importantly, however, the beauty group did not report feeling any happier than the control group, suggesting that it was the engagement with beauty that influenced abstract thinking, rather than any overall positivity from the experience.
2025年高考真题熟词生义
2.keep【生义】保存【熟义】v.保持, 继续
(2025·全国一卷·阅读A)Liquid ammonia is easy to keep and transport, but it is hard to ignite (点燃) and requires an engine redesign.
6.touch【生义】使感到 【熟义】v.碰,(使)接触
(2025·全国一卷·阅读B)The students took on diverse topics and turned in stories, 10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.
10 to 20 pages each, with characters that broadened my view and touched my heart.”
8.strike【生义】给(某人以……)印象; 让(某人)觉得【熟义】打击; 罢工; 撞击
(2025·全国一卷·阅读B)“They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them as important.”
10.trap【生义】收集,吸收【熟义】v.使陷入困境, 设陷阱捕捉, 卡/夹/绊住
(2025·全国一卷·阅读D)Crucially, this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) to trap the plastics.
12.spare【生义】使免遭(麻烦、痛苦等); 免去【熟义】抽出; 匀出; 备用的
(2025·全国一卷·完形填空)“Each exchange provided a chance to spare the landfill and to please another person I might not otherwise have encountered.”“每一次交流都为保护垃圾填埋场提供了机会,也让我有机会去取悦另一个我可能不会遇到的人。”
13.cut【生义】削减; 降低【熟义】切; 割; 砍
(2025·全国一卷·完形填空)“I took a picture of the vase and posted it online, for $10. A couple of messages came in, one wanting additional photos, another asking for a price cut.”“我拍了这张花瓶的照片,然后在网上发了上去,收费10美元。有几条信息来了,一条想要更多的照片,另一条要求降价。”
14.reveal【生义】(在此处用的被动语态)被展现; 被显露,强调在比赛过程中自然而然地展现出个性【熟义】揭露; 透露(常指主动地将不为人知的事情公开)
(2025·全国一卷·语法填空)“The players' personalities are revealed during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent.”
15.shape【生义】影响、决定…的发展(动词,抽象意义上的“塑造”)【熟义】形状(名词); 塑造、使成形(动词,侧重物理形态)
(2025·全国二卷·阅读A)Each has a personality shaped by the goods and services produced and traded for centuries.
16.skirt【生义】沿…边缘走; 绕过(动词)【熟义】裙子(名词)
(2025·全国二卷·阅读A)Skirting the town square, you'll find lovely shops, eateries, and the Black and White House Museum.
17.line【生义】沿……排列; 排成一行[熟义]线条; 线路
(2025·全国二卷·阅读A)Butcher shops, greengrocers, bakeries, and cheese shops line the town square.
18.border【生义】v.毗邻, 环绕【熟义】n.边界(地区), 边疆
(2025·全国二卷·阅读A)Bordering the square, the Ludlow Castle is a “must explore” medieval stronghold.
19.ship【生义】vt.& vi.运送; vt.把…装上船 注意过去式shipped【熟义】n.船,(舰船上的)全体船员
(2025·全国二卷·阅读A)The shape creates a perfect market where goods could be shipped and received using the river as a highway.
20. flood【生义】v. 大量涌来;大量涌去【熟义】n. 洪水;水灾 v. 淹没
(2025·全国二卷·阅读C)But the opposite happened: She was flooded, shipping out 1,200 orders in June of 2020 alone.
但结果却截然相反:她忙得不可开交,仅2020年6月就发出了1200份订单。
21. translate 【生义】v. (使)改变形式;转化【熟义】v. 翻译
(2025·全国二卷·阅读C)This productivity also translates into the workplace for adults.这种生产力同样适用于成年人的职场。
22. leave【生义】n. 假期;休假【熟义】v. 离开(某地);辞去(工作、职务等)
(2025·全国二卷·阅读C)Our study showed that there was a 30% decrease in sick leave for people who were in plant-rich workplaces.我们的研究表明,在植物丰富的办公环境中工作的人,病假减少了30%。
23. practice【生义】v. (医生、律师等)执业,从业【熟义】v. 练习 n. 练习
(2025·全国二卷·阅读C)Doctors practice medicine and lawyers practice law and you should allow yourself the practice it takes to sustain a plant.
医生行医,律师执业,而你也应该给自己时间去练习如何养护植物。
24.tailor【生义】v. 专门制作(或改制);定做 【熟义】n. (定做男装的)裁缝 v. 定做(衣服)
(2025·全国二卷·阅读D)Each dish was tailor-made to raise awareness regarding food waste.每道菜都是为提高人们对食物浪费的认识而量身定制的。
25.address【生义】v. 处理;关注 【熟义】v. (在信件、包裹等上)写收信人姓名地址;致辞;演讲 n. 住址;寄送地址
(2025·全国二卷·阅读D)Nevertheless, it serves as a reminder that there are many ways to address problems of sustainability, and that you can make an amazing meal out of almost anything.
尽管如此,它提醒我们,解决可持续性问题的方法有很多,你几乎可以用任何东西做出美味佳肴。
26.determine【生义】v.准确算出 【熟义】v.决定, 敲定,安排, 下决心
(2025·全国二卷·阅读D)A study by the Food Waste Alliance determined that the average restaurant generates 33 pounds of food waste for every $1,000 in revenue (收入), and of that waste only 15.7% is donated or recycled. 食品浪费联盟的一项研究精确表明,每1000美元的收入,平均餐馆会产生33磅的食物浪费(收入),其中只有15.7%的垃圾被捐赠或回收。
28.maintain【生义】v. 维持;保持【熟义】v. 维护;养护;保养;坚持;断言;主张
(2025·全国二卷·阅读7选5)Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.
华盛顿大学发现,55岁及以上从事志愿工作的成年人比同龄人记忆力更好,整体健康状况维持得更久。
28.work out【生义】锻炼 【熟义】计算出;解决
(2025·全国二卷·完形填空)Ms Donohue began to work out and follow a healthy lifestyle, before discovering a passion for weightlifting.多诺霍女士开始锻炼和遵循健康的生活方式,然后才发现自己对举重运动的热情。
29.raise【生义】v. 抚养 【熟义】v.提升,举起, 站立, 增加,提高, 筹集
(2025·全国二卷·语法填空)I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. 我出生并成长在美国俄亥俄州的克利夫兰。
30.spare 【生义】v. 使免遭;使免受;免除【熟义】v. 抽出,拿出(时间、金钱等) adj. 备用的;额外的;空闲的;空余的
(2025·全国二卷·读后续写)This approach spared me the discomfort of having to over-explain.这种方法让我避免了过度解释的尴尬。
32.consume【生义】v. 吃喝【熟义】v.消耗, 消费
(2025·1月浙江·阅读B)....... the kids themselves decide what and how much they want to consume — even if that means occasionally eating more cookies than carrots.孩子自己决定他们想要吃什么和吃多少——即使这意味着偶尔吃更多的饼干而不是胡萝卜。
33.discourage【生义】v.阻拦, 拟制【熟义】v. 使灰心
(2025·1月浙江·阅读C)........ forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds.
形成一个节约用水和抑制杂草的协作生态系统。
35.plot【生义】n.一块土地【熟义】n.阴谋, 情节; v.图谋, 计划, 设计情节
(2025·1月浙江·阅读D)Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce stormwater runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly.与传统菜园相比,它们增加了碳吸收,减少了雨水径流,并显著促进了栖息地和生物多样性。
36.map 【生义】n.地图【熟义】vt.[遗传学]比对,遗传
(2025·1月浙江·阅读D)These qualities, in turn, are mapped onto products that have been assigned a gender.
37.tailor【生义】v.调整【熟义】 n.裁缝
(2025·1月浙江·阅读7选5)Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests. 当你根据他们的兴趣调整你的沟通方式时,你的听众自然会更感兴趣和投入。
38. develop【生义】v.培养【熟义】 v.成长,发展, 出现, 开发
(2025·1月浙江·阅读7选5)Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills.让他们主导讨论和会议,以培养沟通能力。
2024年高考真题熟词生义
1. address【熟义】n.地址【生义】v.处理;应对
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
2. call【熟义】v.打电话【生义】n.请求;呼吁
(2024新课标II卷阅读B篇) We wanted to do something where we do a call to artists in the Bay Area to submit stories for a contest.
6. cover【熟义】v.覆盖【生义】①v.报道②v.涉及,处理③v.走完(一段路程)
①(2024新课标I卷听力) Jonson began writing about sports as a second year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper.
②(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material?
③(2024新课标II卷阅读C篇) However, most produce at the store went through weeks of travel and covered hundreds of miles before reaching the table.
7. draw【熟义】v.画【生义】v.吸引
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you.
8. enter【熟义】v.进入【生义】v.报名参加
(2024新课标I卷完形填空) I got a good bike and rode a lot. I dreamed of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.
9. favor【熟义】n.帮助;恩惠【生义】v.偏袒,特别照顾
(2024全国甲卷完形填空) Like in typical families, where boys were favored much more than girls, my grandma had to stay at home to do housework.
13. introduce【熟义】v.介绍【生义】v.使初次了解/尝试
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild.
14. leaf 熟义:叶,叶子;纸页,书页 【生义】翻页
(2024新课标I卷阅读七选五)I can leaf through with my fingers
16. pose【熟义】n.姿势【生义】v.提出
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.
18. point【熟义】v.指向【生义】n.观点
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) Campbell’s point is to wake up those responsible for AI — the technology companies and world leaders — so they are on the same page as all the experts currently developing it.
19. power【熟义】n.力量【生义】v.驱动
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code (代码) that powers AI ...
20. promise【熟义】v.承诺【生义】v.有……的希望;有……的可能
(2024新课标II卷阅读A篇) With environmentalist Eanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour.
24. roll【熟义】v.滚动【生义】v.行驶
(2024新课标I卷读后续写) Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station.
25. say【熟义】v.说【生义】v.比方说
(2024新课标I卷阅读C篇) Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.
27. skip【熟义】v.跳过【生义】v.避开;不做
(2024新课标II卷七选五) Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.
29. sleep 熟义:睡眠 生义:死,长眠
(2024新课标I卷阅读B篇)…she was prepared to put him to sleep.
32. tell【熟义】v.告诉;告知【生义】v.辨别,识别
(2024全国甲卷阅读B篇) That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats, which they don’t usually like.
33. throw【熟义】v.投;掷;抛【生义】v.把……拉制成坯
(2024全国甲卷阅读A篇) Wheel Throwing
34. translate【熟义】v.翻译 【生义】v.(使)转变
(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)... but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable.
2023年高考真题熟词生义
2. assign熟义:分派,布置(工作、任务)v 生义:确定(价值、功能等)
[2023年1月浙江首考]The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.
确定意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中,也存在于社会之外,存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。
3. run 熟义:跑v 生义:运行
[2023年1月浙江首考]Most trains operate just once a day and some run only three times a week, so missing yours can be a disaster.
大多数火车每天只开一趟,有些火车一周只开三趟,所以错过你的火车可能是一场灾难。
4. unfold熟义:打开v 生义:展现,呈现
[2023年1月浙江首考]Read a book, knit, do a crossword puzzle, or simply watch the world unfold outside the window.
一本书,织毛衣,做一个填字游戏,或者只是看看窗外的世界。
6. stretch n熟义 v(时间上)延续;(空间上)延伸 生义:一片地域
[2023年1月浙江首考]I followed beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.
我跟着养蜂人齐亚德穿过一片广阔的草原,然后进入了一片茂密的丛林。
7. inch熟义:n 英寸v生义:慢慢移动
[2023年1月浙江首考]Sitting on a branch, he inched towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.
他坐在一根树枝上,慢慢地向蜂箱靠近,用手电筒把烟吹进蜂箱上的一个小洞里。
10. stuff 熟义:n 东西,物品v生义:塞,填满
[2023年1月浙江首考]I stuffed a piece of cloth into the hole and took her outside, closing the door securely behind me.
我把一块布塞进洞里,把她带了出去,随手把门牢牢地关上。
12. credit 熟词:n. 信用,信贷;生义:v.认为是……的功劳。
[2023全国甲卷]She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd.
她把这些技能归功于她已故的祖父和建造者德里克•劳埃德。
13. split v. 熟词:分裂;分开;生义:分担,分摊。
[2023全国甲卷]Terri avoided losing the deposit on the house she rented by splitting the rent with a roommate.
特里通过和室友分担房子租金避免了她租的房子上的押金。
19. capitalize v.熟词:提供资金;生义:利用
[2023新高考Ⅰ] This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same.
这一效应利用了一个事实,即当人们犯错时,这些错误并不总是一样的。
20. draw熟词:画画;生义:吸引,使感兴趣
[2023新高考ⅠI] Discover why artists and photographers continue to be drawn to this special place.
发现为什么艺术家和摄影师继续被吸引到这个特殊的地方。
21. leaf 熟义:n. 叶;叶片;叶子生义:vt 匆匆翻阅;浏览
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out.
当我翻阅小说时,一张纸掉了出来。
22. land熟义:n. 陆地;大地 生义:落;降落;着陆
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]So, all the way across the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands.
所以,在全国各地,你姐姐的旧书都落在了你手里。
24. cover 熟义: v. 掩蔽;遮盖生义: 包括;包含
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.
2.5小时的游览包括古耶风车、瘦桥、国立博物馆、喜力啤酒厂等。
26. iron熟义:n. 铁生义:(用熨斗)熨,烫平
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked.
这可能是你帮助朋友做家庭作业的时候,也可能是你在没有被要求的情况下熨衣服的时候。
27. harvest 熟义:n. 收获季节;收割;收获生义:v. 收割(庄稼);捕猎(动物、鱼)
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids.
翻土、拔草、收割卷心菜,对中学生和高中生来说,这听起来像是一项艰巨的工作。
28. produce 熟义:v. 生产;制造 生义:n. 产品;(尤指)农产品
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or driedproduce, and work in the garden.
在两所初中和两所高中开设的“城市豆芽”课程包括动手实验,如土壤测试、花和种子解剖、品尝新鲜或干燥的农产品,以及在花园里工作。
30. correct 熟义:adj. 准确无误的;精确的;正确的生义v.:改正;纠正;修正
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]I asked my older sister to correct my grammar.
我请姐姐纠正我的语法。
31. shot vt 射击 生义 n 尝试,努力
[2023新高考Ⅰ&Ⅱ卷]If you’re willing to apply yourself, I think you have a good shot at this.
如果你愿意努力,我认为你有很好的机会做到这一点。
33. back 熟义:n. (人体或动物的)背部,背;腰背生义:v. 支持;证实
[2023全国甲卷]Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity, focus and memory.
几项研究支持了这一观点,并发现室内植物可以提高创造力、注意力和记忆力。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查动词的熟词生意(推断划线部分动词的意思)
1. (2023年全国乙卷) In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine.(全国乙卷, 阅读理解A)
【答案】审判,审理
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意:1322年,她因非法行医而受审。根据后面的unlawfully可知,此处意为:审判。
2. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) The 2.5-hour tour covers the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery and much more.(2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解A)
【答案】包括
【解析】考查考查熟词生意。句意:这个2.5小时的旅程涵盖了the Gooyer Windmill, the Skinny Bridge, the Rijksmuseum, Heineken Brewery和更多的地方。
3. (2023年新高考Ⅰ卷) He developed a greenhouse-like facility that treated sewage (污水) from 1,600 homes in South Burlington.(新高考全国Ⅰ卷 阅读理解B)
【答案】v. 开发,研制
【解析】考查考查熟词生意。句意:他开发了一种处理污水的类似温室的设施。根据后面的facility,可知此处是研发。
理解熟词生意的基本方法:
根据句子中的相关信息推测动词的生意,要抓住句子中的关键词,然后推知可能的合理的语义搭配。
考点四 动词的一词多义
知●识●解●构
知识点 常考的动词的一词多义
动词
汉译
动词
汉译
abandon
遗弃;放弃
abuse
滥用;虐待;辱骂
access
接近;进入;使用权限;通道(n.);接近;使用(v.)
accompany
陪伴;为…… 伴奏;附有
accomplish
完成;实现
account
账户;解释(n.);解释;导致;占(比例)(v.)
acknowledge
承认;致谢;告知收到
address
称呼;演说;写姓名地址;处理
adjust
调整;适应
admit
承认;准许进入;容纳
advocate
提倡,主张
affect
影响;感动;假装
appeal
呼吁;有吸引力;上诉
apply
申请;应用;涂,敷
appoint
委派,任命
approach
接近;方法;途径(n.);接近;处理(v.)
approve
批准;赞成,同意
argue
争论,辩论;主张,认为
arrange
安排;整理;布置
assume
假定;设想;承担;呈现
attach
附,系,贴;重视
attempt
企图,尝试
attend
参加;照顾;注意
attribute
把…… 归因于;属性,特征(n.)
bargain
讨价还价;便宜货(n.)
bear
忍受;承受;承担;生育;携带
beat
(尤指用棍或其他硬物)接连地打,击;打败,胜过;跳动
benefit
益处,好处(n.);有益于;受益
betray
背叛;出卖;泄露
block
街区;障碍物(n.);阻塞;阻止
bother
打扰;麻烦(n.);费心(常用于否定句和疑问句)
cause
导致;原因(n.)
challenge
挑战;质疑;艰巨任务(n.);向…… 挑战;质疑
charge
收费;充电;指控;负责(n.);收费;充电;指控;使承担责任(v.)
claim
要求;宣称,断言;索赔
classify
分类,归类
commit
犯(罪);承诺;使承担义务
compromise
妥协,和解;损害(n. / v.)
conclude
结束;推断出,得出结论
conduct
组织,实施;指挥(乐队等);表现;行为(n.)
confirm
证实;确认;批准
confuse
使困惑;混淆
consider
考虑;认为;体谅
consume
消耗;消费;吃,喝
contain
包含,容纳;控制,抑制
continue
继续;持续
contract
合同,契约(n.);收缩;订合同(v.)
convince
使信服;说服
count on
依靠,指望
cover
覆盖;包括;报道;支付(费用);封面(n.)
crash
碰撞;撞击;崩溃;倒闭
create
创造;创建;引起
cure
治愈;疗法(n.);治愈,治疗
demand
要求;需求(n.);要求;需要
decline
下降;拒绝;衰落(n. / v.)
deliver
递送;发表;接生
deserve
应得;值得
design
设计;图案,设计图(n.);设计;旨在,目的是
desire
渴望;欲望(n.);渴望,期望
destroy
破坏,摧毁;消灭
detect
察觉,发现;检测
develop
发展;开发;养成;冲洗(照片)
devote
致力于;奉献;把…… 用于
differ
不同,有差异
effect
效果,影响(n.);实现,使发生(v.)
direct
指导;指挥;导演;直接的(adj.)
disappear
消失;失踪
discover
发现;发觉
discourage
使气馁;阻止
distinguish
辨别,分清
disturb
扰乱;妨碍
divide
划分;分开;除
earn
挣得;赢得;获得
encounter
遭遇;邂逅
engage
从事;使参与;雇佣;订婚
ensure
确保,保证
evaluate
评价,评估
examine
检查;审查;考试
exceed
超过;超出
exchange
交换;交流;交易所(n.);交换,交流(v.)
expand
扩大;扩展;膨胀
expect
预料;期待;要求
explain
解释;说明
expose
揭露;暴露
face
面对;面临;脸(n.)
fade
逐渐消失;衰落;褪色
fail
失败;不及格;未能(做某事);失灵
forbid
禁止;阻止
form
形式;表格(n.);形成;组成;养成
found
创建,建立
guarantee
保证,担保;保修单(n.);保证,担保(v.)
handle
处理;操作;把手(n.)
impact
影响;冲击(n.);影响;冲击(v.)
imply
暗示
import
进口;进口商品(n.);进口(v.)
improve
改进,改善;提高
include
包括,包含
increase
增加,增长(n. / v.)
indicate
表明;指示;暗示
infer
推断,推理
inform
通知,告知
lie
躺;位于;撒谎(v.);谎言(n.)
inspire
激励,鼓舞;启发;引发
involve
包含,需要;牵涉;使参与
join in
参加,加入
judge
判断;评判;法官(n.)
know
知道;认识;了解;精通
lay
放置;铺设;产卵;下蛋
leave
离开;留下;使处于(某种状态)
ignore
忽视;不理会
link
联系,连接;纽带(n.)
manage
设法(做);经营;管理
learn
学习;了解到;得知
march
行进;游行示威;三月(n.);行进;使前进(v.)
matter
要紧;有关系(v.);事情,问题(n.)
measure
测量;衡量;尺寸(n.)
miss
错过;想念;未击中;漏掉
monitor
监测;监控;班长(n.)
move
移动;感动;搬家;行动(n.)
observe
观察;庆祝;遵守
occur
发生;出现;被想到
offer
提供;主动提出;报价(n. / v.)
operate
操作;经营;动手术
oppose
反对;抵制
order
命令;订单;顺序(n.);命令;订购;整理(v.)
ought to
应该,应当
owe
欠(钱、债等);归功于;应感激
pack up
整理;收拾行李
pace
步伐;速度(n.);来回踱步;确定速度(v.)
participate
参加,参与
persuade
说服,劝服
mention
提及,提到
pour
倒,灌;倾泻;涌入
practise
练习;实践;从事(职业)
present
提出;呈现;赠送;现在的(adj.);礼物;现在(n.)
prevent
阻止,预防
promote
促进;提升;宣传
promise
答应;承诺;希望,前途(n.)
reflect
反射;反映;反思
raise
提升,举起;筹集;养育;提出
reach
到达;达到;伸手去够;范围(n.)
react
反应;回应
realize
实现;意识到;变卖
recognize
认出,识别;承认
reduce
减少;降低;使沦为
replace
取代,代替;更换
require
需要;要求
rescue
营救,救援;营救行动(n.)
resist
抵抗,抵制;忍住
respond
回答,回应;做出反应
restore
恢复;修复;归还
retire
退休;退下;退出
review
复习;回顾;评论;审查(n. / v.)
rid
使摆脱;使去掉
rise
上升;升起;增长;起身
remove
移动;去除,使消失;开除
save
拯救,挽救;节省;储存
shrink
收缩;缩小;减少
settle
解决;定居;使平静
scare
使害怕,惊吓;害怕的(adj.,常用于 be scared of 结构)
skip
跳过;略过;跳绳
seize
抓住;夺取;理解
select
(精心地)挑选,选定
shape
形状;外形(n.);塑造;形成
share
分享;共享;份额(n.)
shoot
射击;拍摄;发芽
strike
突然性或一次性的击打;罢工;撞击;突然想起(常用于 It strikes sb. that... 结构)
signal
信号;暗号(n.);发信号;示意(v.)
simplify
简化,使简易
solve
解决;解答
spare
省出,抽出(时间等);备用的(adj.)
spot
发现;认出;斑点;地点(n.)
stand
站立;忍受;位于;看台(n.)
starve
挨饿;饿死;渴望
state
陈述,说明;国家;州(n.)
struggle
挣扎;奋斗;努力;斗争
succeed
成功;接替;继任
suffer
遭受;忍受;受苦
supply
供应;供给;补给(n. / v.)
support
支持;支撑;供养;证据(n.)
suppose
认为;假定;猜想
switch
开关;转换(n. / v.)
target
目标;靶子(n.);把…… 作为目标;瞄准(v.)
taste
味道;滋味(n.);品尝;尝起来(v.)
tend
倾向于;照料,护理
test
测试,考验;试验(n. / v.)
thank
感谢,感激
transform
转换、改造;使改观
treat
对待;治疗;款待(n. / v.)
use
使用;用途(n.);使用;运用(v.)
value
价值;重要性(n.);重视;估价(v.)
view
观点;看法;风景(n.);看待;观看(v.)
visit
拜访;参观;访问
volunteer
志愿者(n.);自愿做;自愿提供(v.)
wander
闲逛;漫步;走神
考●向●破●译
考向 考查一词多义
1.(2024新课标II卷阅读D篇)This absorbing new book by Catriona Campbell is a practical roadmap addressing the challenges posed by the forthcoming AI revolution (变革).
【答案】v.处理;应对
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意:卡特里奥娜·坎贝尔的这本吸引人的新书是一个实用的路线图,解决了即将到来的人工智能革命所带来的挑战。
2.(2021·全国乙卷 )(阅读C)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
【答案】vt.逼迫;使迫不得已
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意:Von Wong希望他的工作也能有助于迫使大公司减少它们的塑料足迹。
3. (2021·全国甲卷 )(阅读B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽).
【答案】vt.经营;管理
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意:负责繁育计划的 Port Lympne Reserve 迎来了一只稀有的黑犀牛幼崽。
4.(2021·全国甲卷 )(阅读七选五)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.
【答案】vt.仿效;追随;拥护
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意:不要追随那些让你感觉不够好的人。
考点五 动词短语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 动词+介词/副词
动词+介词
这类动词短语相当于及物动词,其后必须有宾语,且介词与动词不能分开,宾语只能放在介词之后,如:
1 / 1
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account for解释,说明,占比
adjust to调整,适应
all for要求
add to增加,
break into破门而入
ask for索取,寻找
care about 关心,在乎
come across偶然遇到
go for努力获取
deal with处理
get over克服
hope for希望,期待
get into养成(习惯)
rely on依靠,依赖
pay for偿还,赔偿
answer for负责
provide for供给
plan for打算,为……计划
send for派人去请
fall behind落在......后面
laugh at嘲笑
feel like想要
refer to提到,参考
stick to坚持
动词+away
throw away扔掉
put away把……收拾好
give away捐赠,分发
carry away运走
run away 潜逃,跑开
go away 走开
stay away远离
动词+on
try on试穿,试验
put on穿上,上演
have on穿着,戴着
pull on穿,戴
hold on不挂断,坚持,继续
carry on继续开展,坚持
keep on继续
go on继续
get on上(车)
focus/concentrate on集中注意力于,关注;
动词+over
come over过来
hand over移交
go over仔细检查,复习
get over克服,恢复
look over检查
think over仔细考虑
take over接受,接管
hand over 移交
turn over翻转
动词+up
bring up抚育,培养
call up召唤,打电话给
come up走上前来,长出
cut up切碎
fix up修理
give up放弃;
go up 上升,增长
grow up 长大
look up尊敬,向上看,查寻
make up虚构,弥补,组成
put up举起,搭建
set up建立,创(纪录)
pick up 捡起,(开车)接某人,偶然得到
send up发射
show up 揭露,露面
turn up出现,把……调高一点
动词+out
come out出来
go out出去,熄灭
look out留神,当心
walk out走出
set out出发,开始
put out扑灭,生产
give out发出,发表
hand out分发
pick out挑选
find out找出,发现
speak out大声地说
turn out生产,结果是
get out出去,离开
carry out实行,执行
work out计算出,解决,实行,行得通
bring out出版
start out 出发,动身
知识点2 动词+名词
常见动词+名词短语
lose patience失去耐心
lose heart灰心
make a bet打赌
make a face做鬼脸
take effect生效
take place发生
take action/measures/steps采取措施
give way让步
lose weight减肥
lead the way领路
make a fortune发财
take one’s time慢慢来
take exercise做锻炼
take turns轮流
take advice征求意见
make a difference有影响
动词+名词+介词
take care of 照顾 make fun of 取笑
take account of 考虑到 take part in参加
make friends with 与……交朋友 find fault with 挑……的毛病
get rid of 摆脱 lose sight of 看不见
pay attention to 注意 make progress in 在…方面取得进步
make room for为……腾出空间 make contributions to 对……作出贡献
play a part in起作用 put an end to结束
take advantage of利用 take notice of注意到
take pride in以......为豪 catch sight of看到
find fault with......挑......的毛病
动词+介词+名词
Point1 动词后需跟宾语类的短语有:
bring.. to an end 使……结束
bring... under control 使……在掌控下
keep/have... in mind 记住……
put... into effect 使……生效
learn... by heart 记住……
Point 2 动词后不带宾语类的短语有:
burst into tears突然大哭起来
come into being产生
come to power执政
come into use开始被使用
come into effect生效
put on weight 长胖
知识点3 动词短语的一词多义、熟词生义
动词短语一词多义、熟词生义
单词 / 短语
汉译
单词 / 短语
汉译
break away(from)
脱离;摆脱
break down
分解;出故障;崩溃;失败
break out
爆发
break up
打碎;分裂;解散;结束
bring about
导致,引起
bring up
养育;提出;呕吐
cut down
削减;砍倒
call for
要求;需要;提倡
call off
取消
call on
拜访(某人);号召
carry out
执行,实施
catch on
流行起来;理解
catch up with
赶上;追上
count on
依靠,指望
cut off
切断;中断;隔绝
deal with
处理;对付;涉及
dream of
梦想;梦见
depend on
依靠,依赖
do with
处理;忍受
draw on
利用;凭借;临近
drop in
顺便拜访
end up
最终成为;以…… 告终
fix on
确定;选定;集中(目光等)于
fall for
迷恋;上…… 的当
fall out
争吵;脱落
figure out
计算出;弄明白
fill in
填写;填补
fit in (with)
相处;适应
get across
使理解;使通过
get away
离开;逃脱
get down to
开始认真处理,着手做
get in
进入;收获;插话
get off
下车;离开;脱下
get on
上车;进展;相处
get over
克服;恢复;熬过
get rid of
摆脱;除去
get through
通过;接通(电话);完成
give away
赠送;泄露;暴露
give in
屈服;让步;上交
give off
发出(光、热、气味等)
give out
分发;发出(声音等);用完,耗尽
give up
放弃;停止
go ahead
前进;请便;继续
go by
经过;(时间)流逝;遵循
go in for
参加;爱好
go out
出去;熄灭;过时
go through
经历;浏览;仔细检查;通过
hold on
等一会儿;坚持;不挂断(电话)
head for
前往;朝…… 方向行进
insist on
坚持
hold up
举起;支撑;延迟;抢劫
join in
参加,加入
keep up with
跟上;与…… 保持同步
let down
使失望;放下
lead to
导致,造成
let out
放出;发出(声音等);泄露
look out
小心,当心
live up to
达到(预期);符合(要求)
look after
照顾,照料
look down on/upon
轻视,看不起
look forward to
期待,盼望
look into
调查;研究
meet with
(偶然)遇到;经历;符合
look through
浏览;仔细查看
make for
走向;有助于
make it
获得成功;准时赶到
make up
组成;编造;化妆;弥补
ought to
应该,应当
pack up
整理;收拾行李
pull down
拆毁;拉下;使降低
point out
指出
pick up
接载;捡起;学会;恢复(健康等)
pull out
拔出;离开;(火车等)出站
put aside
储存;把…… 放在一边
put away
放好;储存
put forward
提出;将…… 提前
put off
推迟,拖延
put on
穿上;上演;增加(体重等)
put out
扑灭;伸出;出版
put up
张贴;搭建;提供住宿
refer to
提及;参考;查阅;指的是
rely on
依靠,信赖
run into
偶然遇到;撞上;陷入
slow down
放慢速度
stick to
坚持;遵守;粘贴在…… 上
search for
寻找,搜寻
serve as
担任;用作
show off
炫耀
show up
出现;露面
take after
(外貌、性格等)与…… 相像
take in
吸收;理解;欺骗;收留
take off
脱下;起飞;成名;请假
take on
承担;呈现;雇用
take over
接管;接任
take up
占据(时间、空间等);开始从事;拿起
throw at
扔向
think over
仔细考虑
throw away
扔掉;浪费
try out
试验;试用
turn down
拒绝;调小(音量等)
turn in
上交;归还
turn off
关掉;关闭
turn on
打开;发动
turn out
结果是;证明是;生产
turn over
翻转;移交;仔细考虑
turn to
转向;求助于;翻到(书页等)
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查在完形填空语境中的动词短语
1.(2026·全国I卷)As I move through my college years, I 53 the visits to my little hometown. I am grateful for the experience that I had growing up and know that wherever my next adventure takes me, I can trust my small town roots to lead me in the right direction.
53.A.give up B.put off C.face up to D.look forward to
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:大学期间,我十分期待回到小小的家乡探望。A. give up放弃;B. put off推迟;C. face up to直面;D. look forward to期待。根据后文“the visits to my little hometown”可知,作者内心感念故乡,因此盼望回乡探望。
2.(2026·全国I卷)I never thought I could be a writer. I didn’t come from a family connected to the literary world, which I perceived as a major problem. After my undergraduate degree, convinced that writing wasn’t for me, I 43 to study teaching.
43.A.stepped aside B.got up C.went off D.turned back
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语。句意:本科毕业后,我认定写作不适合自己,于是转而学习师范专业。A. stepped aside让位;B. got up起床;C. went off转向、动身去做;D. turned back返回。根据上文“convinced that writing wasn’t for me”以及下文“study teaching”可推知,此处指放弃写作方向,选择学习师范专业。
3.(2026年1月·浙江卷)“I decided that if nobody was going to hire me, I would just create a job for myself,” says Ursula. She was born and raised on a large family farm, so the idea of an agriculture tourism business came naturally to her and began to 26 .
26.A.gain ground B.take root C.work wonders D.raise concerns
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:她在一个大型家庭农场出生长大,所以创办农业旅游生意的想法自然而然地出现在她脑海中,并开始生根发芽。A. gain ground发展;B. take root生根发芽;C. work wonders创造奇迹;D. raise concerns引发担忧。根据前文“came naturally to her and began to”以及语境可知,这里指创业想法从产生到逐步推进,像种子一样生根发芽,take root符合语境。故选B项。
考向二 考查动词短语在阅读理解中的含义
推断下列句子中动词短语的含义
1.(2026·全国I卷阅读D)It’s becoming much rarer to zone out and just let the mind wander, but that’s when we think in ways that broaden our minds. Admiring the beauty of art may be the ideal way to initiate the abstract cognitive processes.
【动词短语含义】zone out走神,失去意识;broaden our minds开阔我们的视野
【句子意思】如今,人们很少会心不在焉地让思绪漫游;而恰恰在这种状态下,我们的思维才能得到拓展。欣赏艺术之美,或许正是激发抽象认知过程的理想方式。
2.(2026·全国I卷阅读C)A study carried out by some of its researchers several years ago concluded that city trees did release isoprene.
【动词短语含义】carry out 执行;进行;完成
【句子意思】数年前由该机构部分研究人员开展的一项研究得出结论:城市树木确实会释放异戊二烯。
考向三 考查动词短语辨析
1.(2026·天津市十二区重点学校联考(二))Because I ________ the household bills and my commute to work is quite expensive, I find it hard to save any money.
A.subscribe to B.turn to C.refer to D.contribute to
【答案】D
【解析】句意:因为我要为家庭日常开销出钱,而且通勤费用很高,我发现很难存下钱来。A. subscribe to赞同;B. turn to求助于;C. refer to查阅;D. contribute to为……出钱。结合空后的the household bills可知,contribute to表示“为……出钱”,符合本句语境。
2.(2026·天津市实验中学考前热身训练)Though the singer was turned away after two rounds, his song Chengdu has ________ ever since.
A.held on B.caught on C.come on D.passed on
【答案】B
【解析】句意:尽管这位歌手在两轮比赛后被淘汰了,但他的歌曲《成都》从那以后就流行起来了。A. held on坚持;B. caught on流行起来;C. come on快点;D. passed on传递。根据Though the singer was turned away after two rounds和转折连词though可知,此处表示虽然歌手本人被淘汰,但歌曲却流行了起来。
3.(2026·天津市南开区质量监测(二))After hours of discussion, they finally ________ a practical solution to the problem, which was later approved by the team.
A.put forward B.set aside C.turned down D.gave away
【答案】A
【解析】句意:经过几个小时的讨论,他们终于提出了一个切实可行的解决方案,该方案后来得到了团队的批准。A. put forward提出;B. set aside留出,搁置;C. turned down拒绝;D. gave away赠送,泄露。结合“a practical solution”可知,经过讨论,他们“提出”了一个解决方案,用put forward。
4.(2026·天津市耀华中学第二次模拟)The community garden project ________ the abandoned urban space, transforming it from a concrete wasteland into a green social hub.
A.take charge of B.make way for C.give life to D.set foot on
【答案】C
【解析】句意:社区花园项目让这片废弃的城市空间焕发了生机,将其从一个混凝土荒地变成了一个绿色社交中心。A. take charge of接管;B. make way for让路给;C. give life to赋予生命,使……焕发生机;D. set foot on踏上。根据下文“transforming it from a concrete wasteland into a green social hub”可知,该项目让原本荒废的地方重新变得有活力。give life to“使……焕发生机”,符合语境。
5.(2026·天津市第一中学月考)Simple changes in daily routines can sometimes ________ great improvement in students’ concentration.
A.hold up B.bring about C.break up D.work out
【答案】B
【解析】句意:日常生活中简单的改变有时能带来学生注意力的巨大提升。A. hold up延迟 ;B. bring about引起;C. break up打碎;D. work out计算出。根据great improvement in students’ concentration可知,日常生活中简单的改变有时能带来学生注意力的巨大提升。
思维建模
技巧1:阅读理解中的一词多义和熟词生义
1.一定要根据文章的话题和主旨大意,判断这个词的具体意思;
2.根据上下文推断词义,切勿想当然。
技巧2:语法填空中的一词多义和熟词生义
有多个名词形式的词形转换,要注意根据语境判断,不要想当然。
例:The complex layout of the turret posed an unprecedented (史无前例的) technical challenge for Zhang and his team of designers and (develop).
【答案】developers
【解析】考查名词复数及构词法。句意:角楼的复杂布局对张和他的设计和开发团队提出了史无前例的技术挑战。根据空前的designers可判断,设空处为表示“研发人”的名词的复数形式。
【易错提醒】名词会出现一词多义现象。解题时必须加强语境意思,避免误填development
考点六 动词概述
动词在英语中分为四大类,分别是实义动词(句子中表示动作的词如eat, )、系动词(连接前后的作用如,be, keep,become等)、情态动词(表示说话人的语气和态度,如must, can, may, should等。)和助动词(帮助实义动词构成疑问句、否定句和各种时态do, have)。
知识点1 系动词
系动词(Linking Verbs)本身不表示具体动作,而是连接主语和其状态、特征或身份,后面通常接表语(主语补足语)。由名词、形容词、介词短语、表语从句等充当,描述主语“是什么”、“怎么样”或“处于什么状态”。系动词主要分为以下几类:
1. be动词:表示状态(am, is , are, was, were)
He is a doctor. (身份)
They are happy. (状态)
The sky is blue. (特征)
This cake was delicious. (性质)
2. 感官动词:表示感官知觉(look看起来、sound听起来、smell闻起来、taste尝起来、feel摸起来)
You look tired. (你看起来很累。)
That idea sounds great! (那个主意听起来很棒!)
The flowers smell sweet. (这些花闻起来很香。)
This soup tastes salty. (这汤尝起来咸。)
The fabric feels soft. (这布料摸起来柔软。)
后面跟形容词作表语,描述主语给人的感觉,不是副词。
3. 状态变化系动词:become变得,go变得,run变得,fall变得,grow逐渐变得,turn变得。
She became a famous writer.(她成为了一名著名作家)
It’s getting dark.(天渐渐黑了。)
His face turned red.(他的脸变红了。)
4. 状态保持系动词:stay, keep; remain, prove。表示主语保持某种状态或性质不变。
Please stay calm.(请保持冷静。)
Despite the chaos, he remained silent. (尽管一片混乱,他仍然保持沉默。)
5. 表象系动词:appear看起来; seem似乎; look显得;
She appears (to be) very confident. (她显得非常自信。)
He seems (like) a nice guy.(他看起来是个好人。)
It looks like rain./It looks as if it might rain.(看起来要下雨了。)
1. 区分系动词和实义动词:很多系动词(如 feel, look, smell, taste, turn, grow, prove)本身也可以是实义动词(表示具体动作)。关键在于它们后面接什么以及表达什么含义。
系动词用法:后接表语(形容词/名词等),描述主语状态。
The rose smells sweet. (系动词,描述主语特征)
She feels happy. (系动词,描述主语状态)
实义动词用法:后接宾语(名词/代词)或副词,表示具体动作。
She smelled the rose carefully.(实义动词,有宾语和副词)
The doctor felt my pulse.(实义动词,有宾语)
2. 表语是形容词,不是副词:系动词后描述主语状态特征的是形容词,不是修饰动词的副词。
The soup tastes delicious (adj). (描述汤的状态)
The soup tastes deliciously (adv). 副词不能描述主语)
知识点2 助动词
助动词(Auxiliary Verbs)本身不表示独立完整的动作或状态,而是辅助主要动词表达特定的语法功能,如:时态、语态、疑问、否定、强调、可能性、必要性等。它们必须与主要动词的原形或分词形式结合使用。助动词分为两大类:
基本助动词be, do,have和情态助动词can/could, may/might, will/would, shall/should, must, ought to。
1. Be 动词 (am, is, are, was, were, being, been)
功能1:构成进行时态(Continuous Tenses)
结构: be + V-ing(现在分词)
She is studyingEnglish now.(现在进行时)
They were playing** football when it rained.(过去进行时)
He will be sleeping at this time tomorrow.(将来进行时)
功能2:构成被动语态(Passive Voice)
结构: be + V-ed(过去分词)
The book was written by Shakespeare.(一般过去时被动)
The project **has been completed(现在完成时被动)
Dinner is being cooked by Mom.(现在进行时被动)
2. Have 动词 (have, has, had, having)
功能:构成完成时态(Perfect Tenses)
结构:** have + V-ed(过去分词)
I have finished my homework.(现在完成时)
She had left before I arrived.(过去完成时)
By next year, he **will have graduated(将来完成时)
3. Do 动词 (do, does, did)
功能1:构成疑问句(Questions)
结构: Do/Does/Did + 主语 + 动词原形?
Do you like coffee?(一般现在时疑问)
Did she call you yesterday?(一般过去时疑问)
功能2:构成否定句(Negatives)
结构: 主语 + do/does/did + not + 动词原形
He did not (didn't) go to school.
功能3:表示强调(Emphasis)
结构:主语 + do/does/did + 动词原形 (+ 其他)
I do understand your problem!(我真的理解!)
We did see that movie!(我们确实看了那部电影!)
知识点3 情态动词
情态动词本身有一定的意义,但也不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语,表示说话人的态度或情感,如can, could, shall, should, will, may, might, must。
(一)can/could 的用法
1、表示具备某种“能力”。can表示现在;could表示过去。如:
Can you swim across the river? 你能游过那条河吗?
We couldn’t get the truck to start. 我们发动不了那辆卡车。
2、表示“请求”(疑问句中)、“允许”。Could 比 Can 委婉;都指现在。如:
Could you lend me $55? 你能借给我55美圆吗?
Yes, of course. 当然可以。
No, I cannot/I’m sorry I cannot. 不,不行/对不起,恐怕不行。
3、表示“可能性”。 could的语气更加不肯定。如
That can/could be very awkward. 那可就太尴尬了。
Can/Could it be true? 那会/可能是真的。
That can’t/couldn’t be true. 那不可能是真的。
(二)may/might 的用法
1、表示允许或请求允许;might语气更礼貌:
May I turn on the TV? 我可以把电视打开吗?
She asked if she might have my bike. 她问是否可以借用我的自行车。
can/could和may/might 都可以表示允许和请求允许。can最直截了当;could 礼貌客气;may 既尊重又婉转礼貌;might 带者太多的虚礼,所以很少使用。如:
肯定回答:Yes, of course. Yes, you can/may.
否定回答:No, you can’t/may not /mustn’t /I’m afraid not.
2、表示可能性,“也许”。may和might无时间差别,might语气上更不肯定些。不用于疑问句,可用can/could或别的说法。
You may/might have some fever. 你也许发烧了。
Can/could they be having a bath? 他们可能正在洗澡吗?
(三)must的用法
1、表示义务、命令或劝告,是“必须”之意。否定回答,多用needn’t 或 don’t have to。mustn’t表示“绝对不行、不可以”。
We must take this seriously. 我们必须严肃对待这事。
Must the ladies wear dresses? No, they don’t have to/they needn’t.
Can/May I come in? No, you can’t/mustn’t. 可以进来吗?不行/绝对不行。
2、表示推测,是“肯定、一定”之意。此时,must只用于肯定句。在否定句或疑问句中,用can/could:
There must be a mistake. 准是弄错了。
Can/Could there be a mistake 可能会有错吗?
There can’t/couldn’t be a mistake. 不可能会有错吗?
(1)表示对现在和将来状况的推测:must 一定,may 可能,might 也许,can’t 不可能。从“一定”到“不可能”,可能性逐渐降低。
(2)对已经过去的情况的推测:情态动词+have +done。
(四)need:作为情态动词,一般只用于否定句和疑问句中。
You needn’t try to explain. 你不需要解释。(情态动词)
Need we stay here this evening? 今晚我们需要在这儿住下来吗?(情态动词)
She needs to come tomorrow. 明天她需要来。(实义动词)
need做实义动词时,后面的宾语如果是动名词,用主动形式表示被动意义,如果是不定式的被动形式,来表示被动意义。类似need的这种用法,还有require, want等。
My shoes need repairing. = My shoes need to be repaired. 我的鞋需要修理。
(五)dare:情态动词dare表示“敢”,在现代英语中,dare往往用做实意动词。
Dare he swim across the river? 他敢游过这条河吗?
He dare not come to see me. 他不敢来见我。
He didn’t dare to go. 他不敢去。
(六)should/ought to的用法
1、表示道义上的责任,义务或要求,有时表示劝告。ought to否定式为ought not to /oughtn’t to。
You ought to /should pay more attention to what your lawyer says.你应该更多的注意你律师的建议。
2. 表示推测和可能性,是“应该”之意。 表示对现在和将来的推测。
You ought not to/shouldn’t be sleeping now. It’s eight o’clock.你不该还在睡觉,已经八点了。
3、“should/ought to have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“应该已经”。有时表“本应该”的意思;“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“本不该”的意思。
He began two hours ago. He ought to have finished filling in the forms now.
两个钟头前他就开始了,现在应该填完那些表格了。
You should not have asked him for help. 你本不应该向他求助。
4、表示讲话人惊奇,失望,愤怒等感情:
It’s strange that he should have lost his temper. 真奇怪,他竟然发脾气。
(七)情态动词+have done
1、“must have+过去分词”表对过去的推测,“一定已经,准是已经….”,用于肯定句。表示否定,要用“can’t/couldn’t+ have+过去分词”,意 思 是“不可能”.
The streets are wet. It must have rained. 街道是湿的,准是下雨了。
The money can’t have been lost there. 钱不可能是在那儿丢的。
2、 “may/might have+过去分词”表示对过去的推测,“也许已经┅,可能已经…”。用于肯定或否定句中。疑问句中用can或could. “might(不是may)have+过去分词”也表示“本来可以…”。
He may have gone to bed. 他可能已经上床睡觉了。
You might have succeeded if you had tried. 假如你尝试过,或许已经成功了。(虚拟语气)
3、“needn’t+ have+过去分词”表示“作了不必做或不需要做的事”。可译成“本不必”。
I needn’t have borrowed the money yesterday. 昨天我根本不需要借钱的。(实际上已经借了)
4、can/could have done在疑问句、否定句中,表示怀疑和不可能,这时没有时间上的差别,只是could的语气更弱一些:
Who can/could have taken them? 谁会把它们拿走了呢?
He can’t/couldn’t have taken it home. 他不可能是带回家去了。
could have done(但不是can)在肯定句中,表示“本来可以…;差点就要…”。
We could have started a little earlier. 我们其实可以更早一些动身的。
5、should/ought to have done表示“过去应该做谋事却没有做”;“should not/ought not to have+过去分词”表示“做了不应该做的事”。含有责备或遗憾的意思。
She should/ought to have gone there alone. 她本该一个人去那里的。(实际上不是)
The boy shouldn’t have been playing the piano. 那孩子不应该一直在弹钢琴。
6、might, may, must表示推测时的区别: may,might, must可表示 推 测“可能”.根据表示可能性的大小,我们把这三个词排列为:might<may<must(或许→可能→肯定)。例如:
It might rain tomorrow. (将来)明天可能下雨。
They might be watching TV now. (现在)他们可能正在看电视。
Jane might have visited the Summer Palace last year. (过去)去年珍妮可能去过颐和园。
He may have something important to do. (现在)他可能有更重要的事要做。
They may have been to Shanghai last summer. (过去)去年夏天他们可能去过上海。
There must be something wrong with him. (现在)他肯定出问题了。
He must have made a mistake. (过去)他一定是犯了个错误。
情态动词的重点和难点是:情态动词之间的区别;表示“推测”的表达方式;以及“情态动词+have+过去分词”的含义。
知识点4 实义动词
实义动词 (action Verbs)又叫行为动词,是英语动词的核心,表示动作的动词,有实在的意义,如eat, run, think等。实义动词是具有完整意义,可以单独作谓语,主要表示主语的动作、状态和品质。根据其在句子中是否需要跟宾语,分为及物动词和不及物动词。
常见的不及物动词有:
agree同意
arrive到达
come来
die死
exist存在
fall掉下
spread传开
happen发生
lie平躺
stay待
walk走
rise升起
remain剩下
consist由......组成
go去
lie位于,在于
laugh大笑
snow下雪
live居住
think想
hope希望
1.不及物动词不能直接跟宾语,需要加上相应的介词才能跟宾语,不及物动词不能用于被动语态。
如talk to /with sb(与某人交谈),think about sth(思考某事), hope for sth.(希望某事),dream of sth.(梦想某事)。2.有些动词可以跟同源宾语如,dream a good/bad dream; live a comfortable life过着舒适的生活。3.有些动词表达动作事实是及物动词,如sell, lock, wash, write, spread; 表示性质特点时为不及物动词。
1.The books have been sold out.(vt.)这些书已经卖完了。
2.The book sells well.(vi.)这本书很畅销。
3.You don’t have to write these things in detail. (vt.)你不必详细地写这些东西。
4.The pen writes smoothly. (vi.)这支笔写起来很流利。
思维建模
技巧:多维度根据语境及动词类别及用法掌握语法填空中有关动词题的解题思路。
1.长难句中首先考虑找到谓语,提炼句子的主干;
2.解决熟词生义时务必瞻前顾后,根据上下文进行合理推断;
3. 掌握谓语的考点和解题策略;
4. 掌握非谓语的考点和解题策略;
5. 在复杂语境中根据前后文进行词类转换。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查对系动词、情态动词、助动词的用法
例1She have earned a lot of money, for she bought a second new car yesterday.
【答案】must
【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意:她一定挣了很多钱,因为她昨天又买了一辆新车。解析:根据“for she bought a second new car yesterday”(因为她昨天又买了一辆新车)可知,这是基于她买车这一事实对她挣钱情况的肯定推测。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,意为“一定做过某事” ,must在句中表达这种强烈的肯定推测语气。故填must。
例2Our English teacher is considerate, helpful, and warm-hearted, but sometimes she be angry at our silly mistakes.
【答案】can
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:我们的英语老师体贴、乐于助人且心地善良,但有时她也会对我们的一些愚蠢错误感到生气。句中出现sometimes时,用情态动词 can 表示“有时候会”。故填can。
思维建模:遇到情态动词的句子时,务必根据上下文具体语境迅速判断情态动词的具体意义或特殊句式中的意思。
例3There (be) a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people’s eyes. What we should keep in mind is that books and movies are two different forms of media and therefore have different rules. We should judge a movie in its own right.
【答案】are
【解析】考查系动词作谓语的用法。句意:一千个人眼中有一千个哈姆雷特。此处陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时。且主语A thousand Hamlets为复数概念,be动词应用are,故填are。
例4The woodcutter determined to take the job--the pay was really good and so the work conditions.
【答案】were
【解析】考查动词。句意:樵夫决定接受这份工作——薪水非常好,工作条件也很好。分析句子可知,and连接两个并列句,时态是一般过去时。第二句是主系表结构的倒装,把谓语动词放到主语的前面,且主语为the work conditions,故填were。
例5The silk dress bought in the store (feel) smooth and comfortable, so my mother decided to take it.
【答案】feels
【解析】考查主谓一致及时态。句意:在店里买的这条丝绸裙子摸起来顺滑又舒服,所以我妈妈决定买下它。分析句子结构可知,此空考查谓语动词,feel在此处是感官系动词,意为“摸起来”,后接形容词作表语;感官系动词无被动语态,这里时态应用一般现在时表客观情况,主语The silk dress为第三人称单数。故填feels。
例6This sort of roast meat is a local super food and it (taste)delicious.
【答案】tastes
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:这种烤肉是当地的超级食物,它尝起来很美味。分析句子可知,taste是谓语动词,由上文的is可知,用一般现在时,主语it是第三人称单数,谓语动词用单数,且taste是系动词,无被动式,故填tastes。
1.有些单词一词多义,在作系动词时,要跟形容词作表语;但同一词形如果作实义动词用,意思变化
且用副词修饰。2.系动词有时态的变化,不能用于被动语态。
例7Not only he speak correctly, but he also speaks easily.
【答案】does
【解析】考查倒装。句意:他不仅讲得正确,而且讲得轻松自如。否定词not置于句首,句子应该用部分倒装,谓语动词是实义动词speak,且主语是he,应该用助动词does构成倒装。故填does。
例8No sooner he arrived at the station than his friend left by train.
【答案】had
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他刚到车站,他的朋友就坐火车走了。no sooner…than…为固定句型,意为“一……就……”,no sooner后面的主句使用过去完成时,no sooner置于句首,使用部分倒装,空处需填助动词had。故填had。
考向二 考查及物动词和不及物动词在复杂语境下词义及词形变化
例1 A “hat trick” (occur) in football when a player scores three goals in a single game.
【答案】occurs
【解析】考查(不及物动词)时态和主谓一致。句意:在足球比赛中,当一名球员在一场比赛中打进三个球时,这被称为“帽子戏法”。根据“when a player scores three goals in a single game. ”可知,用一般现在时态,表示客观事实,空处作谓语,主语A “hat trick”表示单数意义,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,occur意为“发生”,为不及物动词。故填occurs。
例2Some students agree to hold a party for Christmas, but others (agree) because it’s not a Chinese traditional festival.
【答案】disagree
【解析】考查不及物动词。句意“有些学生同意举办一个圣诞派对,但另外的学生不同意,因为他们认为圣诞节并不是中国节日。根据“but”可知,两个分句之间呈转折关系,所以横线处填的应该是agree的反义词。agree是动词,意思是“同意”,其反义词是“disagree”,意思是“不同意”;根据agree判断本句属于一般现在时,所以disagree也应使用一般现在时,无需变形,故答案是disagree。
例3When he came across a difficult math problem, he immediately (seek) help from his teacher.
【答案】sought
【解析】考查动词时态。句意:当他遇到一道数学难题时,他立刻向老师求助。根据从句谓语“came across”可知,主句动作与从句动作发生在同一时间,时态应保持一致,主句也用一般过去时sought。故填sought。
例4Being exposed to English frequently (able) us to have a good knowledge of this language.
【答案】enables
【解析】考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意:频繁接触英语能够使我们更好地掌握这门语言。空处作句子的谓语,应用动词。enable意为“使能够”,为及物动词。本句陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时,且主语Being exposed to English frequently为动名词短语,所以谓语用单数。故填enables。
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
考点01 考查完形填空语境中的动词及动词短语
1.(2024•新高考Ⅰ卷) I’ve matured a lot since then. I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.
55. A. limits B. dates C. goals D. tests
【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我已经开始接受这样一个事实:无论我为自己设定什么目标,它们都必须是我自己的。A. limits限制;B. dates日期;C. goals目标;D. tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知,此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标,它们都必须是我自己的”,符合语境。故选C。
2.(2024•新高考Ⅱ卷) Each town has its own traditional dish, and every family keeps a recipe passed from one generation to another. Families gather for big meals on Sundays, birthdays, and whatever other excuses they can ____32____. These meals are always accompanied by laughter and joy.
32. A. put up with B. stand up for C. come up with D. make up for
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析,句意:一家人在星期天、生日以及他们能想出的任何其他借口聚在一起吃大餐。A. put up with克服;B. stand up for支持;C. come up with想出;D. make up for弥补。根据上文“whatever other excuses they can”可推知,此处指家人们为了聚在一起吃饭而想出的理由。故选C。
考点02 考查熟词生义和一词多义
1.(2021·全国乙卷 )(阅读C)Von Wong hopes that his work will also help pressure big companies to reduce their plastic footprint.
【答案】vt.逼迫;使迫不得已
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意:Von Wong希望他的工作也能有助于迫使大公司减少它们的塑料足迹。
2. (2021·全国甲卷 )(阅读B)Port Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) programme, has welcomed the arrival of a rare black rhino calf (犀牛幼崽).
【答案】vt.经营;管理
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意:负责繁育计划的 Port Lympne Reserve 迎来了一只稀有的黑犀牛幼崽。
3.(2021·全国甲卷 )(阅读七选五)Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.
【答案】vt.仿效;追随;拥护
【解析】考查熟词生意。句意:不要追随那些让你感觉不够好的人。
考点03 考查动词的词形转换
1.This can _______(deep) their knowledge about the history of the moon and the solar system.
【答案】deepen
【解析】考查动词。句意:这可以加深他们对月球和太阳系历史的了解。根据空前的can可知,空处应用动词原形。deep的动词形式是deepen,意为“增长(知识),加深(理解)”,为及物动词。故填deepen。
2. The best way to live is to help and (rich) the lives of others.
【答案】enrich
【解析】考查动词。句意:最好的生活方式是帮助和丰富别人的生活。分析句子结构,空处与and之前的help并列,help为动词,故空处应用动词形式enrich,表示“使富有”。故填enrich。
3.Can you (vision) what urban life will be like in 100 years?
【答案】envision
【解析】考查动词原形。句意:你能想象100年后的城市生活会是什么样子吗?情态动词Can之后,应该跟动词原形,vision一般用作名词,表示“视力、视野”,作动词时,表示“在梦中看见;想像”,不符合句意,动词 envision,意为“展望,想象”,为及物动词,符合句意,在该句中,其后接宾语从句 what urban life will be like in 100 years? 故填envision。
4. Let’s (summary) what we have learnt today.
【答案】summarise/summarize
【解析】考查动词。句意:让我们总结一下今天我们学习的内容。let's后用动词原形。summary是名词,动词是summarise或summarize。故填summarise/summarize。
考点04 考查动词的词义辨析
1.(2026·天津市第一百中学等校联合模拟)________ as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.
A.Adapted B.Adjusted C.Adopted D.Conditioned
【答案】D
【解析】句意:由于我们已经习惯了被动学习,在与朋友和同事的日常交流中依赖它也就不足为奇了。A. Adapted 适应;B. Adjusted调整;C. Adopted采用;D. Conditioned使习惯于,使适应。根据下文“we depend on it in our everyday communication”可知,我们已习惯于被动学习。be conditioned to为固定搭配,意为“习惯于……”。
2.(2026·天津市红桥区第五中学适应性考试)The two sides have agreed to have peace talks next month, __________ that peace is likely to return to the area soon.
A.pretending B.indicating C.imagining D.warning
【答案】B
【解析】句意:双方已同意下个月举行和平谈判,这表明和平很可能很快就会回到该地区。A. pretending假装;B. indicating表明;C. imagining想象;D. warning警告。根据The two sides have agreed to have peace talks next month可知,空格处表达“表明”。
3.(2026·天津市第四十七中学考前测试)To _________ the orderly development of the social credit system, the government is taking measures to prevent dishonest conduct.
A.promote B.suspend C.prohibit D.distinguish
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:为促进社会信用体系的有序发展,政府正在采取措施来遏制不诚信行为。A. promote促进;B. suspend暂停;C. prohibit禁止;D. distinguish区别,分清。由the government is taking measures to prevent dishonest conduct可知,此处表示“为促进社会信用体系的有序发展”,空格处意为“促进”。故选A。
4.(2026·天津市河北区一模)Benjamin Franklin’s famous experiment with a kite ______ the truth that lightning is a form of electricity.
A.drafted B.suspected C.assumed D.established
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:本杰明・富兰克林著名的风筝实验确立了闪电是电的一种形式这一事实。A. drafted起草;B. suspected怀疑;C. assumed假定,认为;D. established证实,确立。根据“the truth that lightning is a form of electricity”可知,本杰明・富兰克林的实验确立了闪电是电的一种形式这一事实。故选D。
5.(2026·天津市河北区期末)Before you start your road trip along Highway 318, please call the local centre to ________ the road conditions ahead.
A.confirm B.decline C.resign D.distinguish
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。 句意:在你开启 318 国道的公路旅行前,请致电当地服务中心确认前方的路况。 A. confirm确认;证实 ;B. decline谢绝;下降 ;C. resign 辞职;放弃 ;D. distinguish 区分;辨别。根据前文“please call the local centre”可知,致电当地服务中心确认前方的路况。故选A项。
考点05 考查系动词、实意动词、助动词和情态动词
1.Not only the professors have their own idea on the matter , but the students have theirs ,too.
【答案】do
【解析】考查时态和部分倒装。句意:不仅教授们对这件事有自己的看法,学生们也有自己的看法。Not only置于句首,句子要部分倒装,根据“but the students have theirs”可知,句子用一般现在时,在根据“ the professors ”,故填do。
2.Little (do) I think that I would pursue fashion design as my job and qualify as a fashion designer eventually.
【答案】did
【解析】考查倒装句和时态。句意:我几乎没有想过我会把时装设计作为我的工作,并最终成为一名合格的时装设计师。否定副词little位于句首,使用部分倒装,将助动词置于主语之前,结合“would pursue”可知,使用一般过去时,助动词用did。故填did。
3.China is a developing country that (belong) to the Third World.
【答案】belongs
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:中国是一个属于第三世界的发展中国家。分析句子成分可知,这是一个由that引导的限制性定语从句,country是先行词,that在定语从句中充当主语成分,空格处需填谓语动词;结合定语从句的主谓一致原则,即谓语动词与先行词保持人称和数的一致,再结合主句时态为一般现在时,所以此空应填一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填belongs。
4.This incident has (sharp) public awareness of the economic crisis.
【答案】sharpened
【解析】考查动词。句意:这一事件提高了公众对经济危机的认识。根据空后的名词短语public awareness可知,空处应用及物动词。sharpen意为“(使)加强,(使)提高”,为及物动词。空前有助动词has,所以空处应用过去分词,构成现在完成时。故填sharpened。
5.Jack described his father, who have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man.
【答案】must
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:杰克形容他的父亲是一个意志坚强的人,他的父亲多年前一定是个勇敢的男孩。由句中的many years ago可知,句子是对过去的推测,根据a strong-willed man,句子是对过去的肯定推测,对过去的肯定推测使用must have done结构。故填must。
6. They cause discomfort, but try to challenge these worries and replace them with more helpful thoughts.
【答案】may
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:它们可能会引起不适,但要努力挑战这些担忧,并用更有帮助的想法来取代它们。根据句意,“cause discomfort”表示一种可能性,用情态动词“may”表“可能”,符合语境。故填may。
7.Do I have to take this medicine? It (taste) so terrible.
【答案】tastes
【解析】考查感官动词和时态。句意:我非得要吃这个药么?它尝起来太苦了。taste表示“尝起来”是感官动词,没有被动语态,根据前面的Do判断用一般现在时,主语是It,谓语动词用第三人称单数,故填tastes。
8.The colorful flowers in the garden (attract) many butterflies.
【答案】attract
【解析】考查动词。句意:花园里色彩鲜艳的花朵吸引了许多蝴蝶。所给词attract为动词,意为“吸引”。句子描述的是客观事实/常态,应用一般现在时。主语The colorful flowers是复数形式,谓语动词应用原形。故填attract。
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