内容正文:
衔接点03 一般过去时(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学视角
1. 理解基本概念,掌握基本用法。
2. 掌握基本结构:主语 + 动词过去式(+其他)。
3. 掌握规则动词过去式4种变化,识记常见的不规则动词的过去式。
4. 能识记常见标志词,如yesterday系列、last系列、ago系列等,并据此判断时态。
5. 掌握一般过去时的句式变换:变否定句、变一般疑问句及回答。
6. 能对一般过去时句子进行简单的提问。
初中展望
1. 拓展一般过去时的核心用法,辨识相关用法的标志词。
2. 掌握结构“used to do”的用法。
3. 掌握更多不规则动词过去式的变化并能正确运用。
4. 能在宾语从句,时间状语从句中正确使用一般过去时。
5. 能根据上下文语境或在语篇中判断并正确使用一般过去时。
6. 深刻理解一般过去时与现在完成时的区别。
衔接引导
小学阶段:
1.小学阶段的教学侧重点在于帮助和引导学生:
· 了解一般过去时,掌握其基本用法,结构,能进行简单的句式变换和提问;
· 掌握规则动词过去式的变化,识记常见的不规则动词的过去式。
· 识记常见的标志词,通过标志词判断时态。
2. 小学阶段的试题设置和难度分析。
· 难度:从简单到适中。
· 考查内容:以基本结构、用法、句式变换和标志词为主。
· 题型:以词句题型为主,语篇考查的较少,题型有:
①单词题 ②单项选择题 ③填空题④句型转换题⑤连词成句题
初中阶段:
1. 初中阶段的教学侧重点在于帮助和引导学生:
· 拓展一般过去时的基本用法,掌握“used to do”的用法,能熟练进行句式变换和提问。
· 深刻理解一般过去时的形式、意义和语用,并能根据上下文语境灵活判断和运用。
· 能在从句中正确使用一般过去时,掌握更多不规则动词的变化。
2. 初中阶段的试题设置和难度分析。
· 难度:较小学阶段有显著提高。
· 考查内容:以在语境和语篇中推理为主要考查方式,不再简单依赖标志词,内容拓展到特殊用法。
· 题型:除词句题型外,语篇题型明显增加,题型有:
①单项选择 ②完形填空 ③语法填空/短文填空 ④句型转换 ⑤写作中的叙事描写
小学一般过去时考点梳理
考点一、一般过去时的基本用法与结构:
· 一般过去时基本用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
· 基本结构:主语 + 动词过去式 +(其他)。
📌注意:be动词的过去式有两种形式“was”和“were”,主语为 I、第三人称单数及不可数名词用 was,其他人称及复数用 were。
典例:I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
They were at school yesterday. 他们昨天在学校。
They played football last Sunday. 他们上周日踢了足球。
即学即练
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Yesterday, I (wash) my clothes.
二、选词填空
2.Mrs. Wu (was / were) happy just now.
三、改错题
3.I go to the zoo yesterday.
错误:____________ 改正为:____________
考点二、动词过去式变化规则:
动词变过去式分两种情况:规则变化和不规则变化。
1. 规则动词过去式变化方法如下表:
情况
变化方法
例词
一般情况
直接加 -ed
play → played, clean → cleaned
以不发音的 e 结尾
加 -d
live → lived, dance → danced
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 -ed
study → studied, cry → cried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写末尾字母再加 -ed
stop → stopped, plan → planned
📌 小贴士:小学阶段常见的需双写的词:stop, plan, drop, clap 等。注意:visit 不是重读闭音节,直接加 -ed(visited)。
2. 不规则动词过去式变化情况:
没有统一的方法和规律,小学阶段记住一些常见的,如go→went,do→did,have→had,see→saw,
come→came,give→gave,get→got,say→said等。
即学即练
一、写单词
1. 写出下列动词的过去式。
want ________ go __________ worry __________
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
2. They (take) many photos in the park yesterday.
3. Bill (play) football after school yesterday.
考点三、一般过去时的标志词
小学阶段常见的一般过去时标志词有:
· yesterday 及其短语:yesterday(昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening(昨天早上/下午/晚上)
· last + 时间:last night/week/month/year/Monday(昨晚/上周/上月/去年/周一)
· ... ago:two days ago(两天前), a week ago(一周前), long ago(很久以前)
· in + 过去年份、月份等:in 2010(在2010年), in June 2018(在2018年六月)
典例:We visited the museum yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我们参观了博物馆。
They moved to this city five years ago. 他们五年前搬到了这座城市。
即学即练
一、选择题
1.We ______ to the museum last Sunday. ( )
A.go B.went C.will go
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
2.Yesterday Bill (watch) a basketball game on TV.
三、选词填空
3.(25-26六年级上·江苏宿迁·期中)She (read / reads) many funny stories two days ago.
考点四、一般过去时的句式变换:
1. 当谓语动词为be动词,句式变换如下:
句型
结构
示例
肯定句
主语 + was / were + 其他.
He was late yesterday.他昨天迟到了。
否定句
主语 + was not (wasn’t) / were not (weren’t) +其他.
He wasn’t late yesterday.他昨天没有迟到。
一般疑问句及其回答
Was / Were + 主语 +其他?
肯定:Yes, 主语 + was / were.
否定:No, 主语 + wasn’t / weren’t.
—Was he late yesterday?他昨天迟到吗?
—Yes, he was.是的,他是迟到了。
—No, he wasn’t.不,他没迟到。
2. 当谓语动词为实义动词,句式变换如下:
句型
结构
示例
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.
She called me yesterday.她昨天给我打电话。
否定句
主语 + did not (didn’t) + 动词原形 + 其他.
She didn’t call me yesterday.她昨天没给我打电话。
一般疑问句及其回答
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Yes, 主语 + did.
No, 主语 + didn’t.
—Did she call me yesterday?她昨天给我打电话吗?
—Yes, she did.是的,她打了。
—No, she didn’t.不,她没打。
即学即练
一、单选题
1.Lucy _______ make a cake yesterday. She has no cake to eat now. ( )
A.doesn’t B.didn’t C.don’t
二、完成句子
2.He finished his homework yesterday. (变成一般疑问句)
________________________________________________
3.They were excited about the holiday. (改为否定句)
They ______ ______ excited about the holiday.
4.(25-26六年级下·江苏南通·期中)The little boy said quietly. (改为一般疑问句,并做否定回答)
—_______ the little boy _______ quietly?
—_______, he _______.
考点五、对一般过去时的句子进行提问:
用特殊疑问词进行提问的基本结构为:
· 谓语动词为be动词:特殊疑问词 + was / were + 主语…?
· 谓语动词为实义动词:特殊疑问词 + did +主语 + 动词原形…?
· 对主语进行提问则直接用特殊疑问词替换主语,其他不变:特殊疑问词 + 动词过去式 +(其他)?
提问成分
使用的特殊疑问词
示例
提问人
who
Tom broke the window.(对Tom提问)→Who broke the window?(提问主语,注意语序)
提问地点
where
He was at home yesterday.(对at home提问)→Where was he yesterday?
提问时间
when
They finished the work at 5:00.(对at 5:00提问)→When did they finish the work?
提问原因
why
They were very busy last night.(提问原因)→Why were they very busy last night?
提问事或物
what
He played basketball yesterday.(对played basketball提问)→What did he do yesterday?
对方式或情况进行提问
how
You went to the park by bike.(对by bike提问)→How did you go to the park?
即学即练
一、完成句子
1.I went to Hainan in the holidays. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you ______ in the holidays?
2.I ate apples yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you eat yesterday?
3.They went there by plane. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ they go there?
易混易错和解决策略
错误点
针对策略
时态判断错误
圈标志词:看见标志词,就用过去时。
动词过去式变化错误
记特殊:辅音+y变i加-ed;重读闭音节双写加-ed。
记典型词:go→went,do→did,have→had,see→saw,come→came,give→gave,get→got。
否定句/疑问句动词忘还原
记口诀:did(didn’t)后面跟动原。
be动词过去式用错
顺口溜:三单和“I”用was;其余人称请用were。
句型转换错误
否定句:先加not后还原( 先be或did加not,后还原动词)
一般疑问句:先提,再改,后还原(先be或did提前,改首字母大写和句末问号,最后还原动词)
特殊疑问句:对主语提问,语序不变,对其他提问,语序要改变。
【基础通关】
一、写出下列动词的过去式。
1. have _________ 2. take _________
3. run _________ 4. swim _________
5. read _________ 6. clean _________
7. cry _________ 8. are _________
9. stop _________ 10. live _________
二、选词填空。
11.(24-25六年级下·江苏南京·期末)— (Were / Did) you at school last night?
—No. I went to see the doctor.
12.(25-26六年级上·江苏连云港·期末)My sister (buy / buys / bought) some flowers yesterday.
13.(24-25六年级上·江苏淮安·期中)My mother (didn’t have / doesn’t have) a mobile phone four years ago.
14.Mike and his sister (go / went) to the library yesterday.
15.We (learn / learned) that bees can make honey last week.
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
16.He (be) born in 2014.
17.(25-26六年级上·江苏盐城·期末)Last spring, Mike (fly) kites with his friends in the park.
18.(25-26六年级上·江苏盐城·期末)Mary often walks to school, but she (take) a bus yesterday.
19.(25-26六年级上·江苏无锡·期中)—Who (sing) the last song at the concert? —Linda did.
20.Who (stay) at home with your little brother yesterday?
【培优提升】
一、句型转换
21.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期末)The girl is taking pictures in the park. (用yesterday改写)
The girl ______ pictures in the park ______.
22.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期中)They are talking about their hobbies in the classroom. (改为一般过去时)
They ____ ____ their hobbies in the classroom.
23.John brought some toys from home. (改成一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
______ John ______ ______ toys from home?
______, he ______.
24.(2025·江苏淮安·小升初模拟)My grandpa read newspapers for news before. (改为否定句)
My grandpa ______ ______ newspapers for news before.
25.My uncle went to work by bus yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ your uncle go to work yesterday?
26.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期末)I was angry because you didn’t listen to me. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ you angry?
27.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期中)Mike went fishing last National Day. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ Mike ______ last National Day?
二、阅读短文,根据内容用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Last Sunday, I 28 (go) to a shopping center with my mum and dad. We saw a small boy on the floor. He 29 (look) sad. We went to him and helped him up. I 30 (ask) him, “Are you OK?” He said,” I can't find my mum.” Dad took him to an office in the shopping center. I 31 (give) him a sweet. The small boy became happy. I 32 (be) happy too.
初中一般过去时考点梳理
初中阶段对一般过去时的考查除了复习小学阶段的知识和考点外,在以下几个方面进行了扩展和深化:
考点一、表示过去某段时间内经常或反复发生的习惯性动作。
对比小学阶段的基本用法和初中阶段的拓展用法:
小学已学
初中拓展
表示发生在过去时间的一次性的动作
表示发生在过去时间段的经常性、习惯性的动作
标志词:yesterday系列、last系列、ago系列、in系列
标志词:often, always, usually, sometimes, every day
例句:I visited my uncle last week.上周我拜访了我的叔叔。
例句:When I was young, I often walked to school.我小时候经常步行去上学。
含义:只是陈述上周的一次行为。
含义:陈述的是小时候经常性的行为。
典例示范
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Bobby (bring) a cake for lunch yesterday.
【答案】brought
【详解】句意:Bobby昨天午饭带了一块蛋糕。由yesterday可知句子时态为一般过去时,动词bring要用过去式brought。
2.Mary often ________ (hang)out with friends when she was young.
【答案】hung
【详解】句意:Mary年轻时经常和朋友出去玩。“when she was young”提示句子用一般过去时,所以空处应用动词hang的过去式hung。故填hung。
即学即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. She ________ (be) always late for school last term.
2. My grandfather ________ (smoke) a lot when he was young, but now he doesn’t.
3. They ________ (often, go) to the park on weekends last year.
考点二、“used to do”结构的用法
· 意义:“used to + 动词原形”表示“过去常常做某事(但现在不再做了)”,强调与现在的对比。
· 该结构只有过去式形式,没有现在时形式。
例句:I used to get up late, but now I get up early.我过去常常起得很晚,但现在我起得很早。
⚠️ 易错点:(1)不要把 used to do 和 be used to doing 混淆。
be/get used to doing意为“习惯于做某事”,与过去无关。
例:I am used to getting up early.我习惯早起。
(2)不要把 used to do 和sth be used to do sth 混淆。
sth be used to do sth是被动语态结构,意为“某物被用来......”。
例:Wood is used to make tables.木头被用来制造桌子。
典例示范
一、单项选择
1.I ________ to Beijing every year when I was young.
A.used to take a trip B.was used to take a trip C.used to taking a trip
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我年轻时每年常常去北京旅行。
used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,表示过去的习惯;be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。根据时间状语“when I was young”可知,此处指过去常常发生的动作,应用 used to do 结构,take a trip表示“去旅游”。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
2.I used to ________ (drink) milk every morning.
【答案】drink
【详解】句意:我过去每天早上都喝牛奶。句中“used to”为固定短语,表示“过去常常做某事”,其后接动词原形drink。
即学即练
一、翻译句子
1.我过去常常在周末和朋友去爬山。
I ________ ________ climb mountains with friends on weekends.
二、单项选择
2. I ________ play computer games a lot, but I don’t have time now.
A. used to B. was used to C. got used to D. use to
考点三、一般过去时在宾语从句和时间状语从句中的使用。
从句类型
主从句时态呼应情况
例句
宾语从句
通常主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时态
She said she had a cold.她说她感冒了。
主句是一般过去时,从句若表示真理、客观事实,则要用一般现在时。
He learned years ago (that) light travels faster than sound.他多年前就知道光速比声速快。
时间状语从句
when引导的从句:①若从句表示一个短动作,主句表示一个长动作,从句用一般过去时,主句可用过去进行时。
②若从句和主句都表示两个短动作,两个短动作接连发生,则从句和主句都用一般过去时。
When I arrived, he was cooking.我到的时候,他正在做饭。(arrive短动作,cook长动作)
When he saw me, he said hello.当他看到我时,他打了声招呼。(saw和said hello都是短动作)
典例示范
一、单项选择
1.In physics class,we learned that light ________ faster than sound.
A.travelled B.travels C.has travelled D.is travelling
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在物理课上,我们学习了光比声音传播得快。
虽然主句“we learned”是一般过去时,但从句陈述的是“光比声音快”这一客观真理,时态不受主句影响,应用一般现在时。主语light为不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 travels符合题意。
2.My brother asked me where I ________ my new mobile phone. I told him I bought it online.
A.buy B.bought
C.have bought D.will buy
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我弟弟问我在哪里买的新手机,我告诉他我在网上买的。
主句动词asked是一般过去时,宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。 “买手机” 这个动作发生在asked之前,用一般过去时bought。后面答句I bought it online也给了提示,时态保持一致。
即学即练
一、单项选择
1.I want to know ________ to the old man just now.
A.what happens B.what happened C.what is happening D.what has happened
2.When the heavy rain ________, most people were staying inside their houses.
A.is starting B.started C.will start D.starts
考点四、一般过去时与现在完成时的辨析
对比维度
一般过去时
现在完成时
核心意义
动作/状态发生在过去的某个时间点/时间段,可以是一次性的,也可是经常性的
强调过去动作对现在的影响或一直持续到现在
时间状语
具体的过去时间,如yesterday, last week, in 2010, …ago, just now等
非具体时间,表示延续的时间:already, yet, ever, never, since, for, so far
例句
I met her yesterday.我昨天遇见了她。
When I was 7, I lived here.我七岁时住在这儿。
I've already finished it.我已经做完了。
I've known her for 3 years.我认识她三年了。
典例示范
一、单项选择
1.My brother ________ the chess club last year. He ________ a member for over twelve months.
A.joined; has been B.joined; was
C.has joined; is D.has joined; has been
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我哥哥去年加入了国际象棋俱乐部。他已经是会员超过十二个月了。
根据“last year去年”可知第一空表示过去发生的动作,用一般过去时joined;根据“for over twelve months”可知第二空强调状态延续到现在,用现在完成时,join是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,需转化为延续性状态has been。
即学即练
一、单项选择
1.—________ you ________ the film before, Lily?
—Yes. I ________ it online the other day.
A.Have; seen; have seen B.Did; see; saw
C.Have; seen; saw D.Did; see; have seen
2. —Where’s Tom? —He ________ to the library. He ________ there ten minutes ago.
A. has gone; went B. went; has gone C. has been; went D. went; went
易混易错和解决策略
错误点
针对策略
used to do 与 be used to doing 混淆
口诀:used to加原形,过去常常现在停;be used to 加 doing,习惯养成要分清。
不规则动词过去式记忆不牢
记特殊,记典型,分类记:cut→cut,put→put(形式不变)
sing→sang,swim→swam(变个别元音)
buy→bought,think→thought(变较多)
go→went,be→was/were(完全变)
时间状语从句中时态呼应错误
主过从过原则:主句和从句动作都是过去,都用过去时态。
宾语从句中时态呼应错误
主过从过都用过,主过从真,从句用现(一般现在时)
与现在完成时混淆
借助标志词,养成做题先找标志词的习惯。
【基础通关】
一、选择题
1.(2025·江苏淮安·小升初模拟)This pair of gloves I saw yesterday ________ really big.
A. is B. was C. were
2.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期末)—Did you _______ any apples on the farm?
—Yes, I______ a lot.
A. picks; picked B. pick;picked C. pick;picks
3.(25-26七年级下·江苏盐城·阶段检测)My grandmother often ________ stories about Chinese folk art to me when I was a child.
A.tells B.told C.is telling D.will tell
4.(25-26七年级下·江苏·单元测试)The old man ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ in the city.
A.used to; is used to living B.used to; used to live
C.is used to; used to live D.is used to; is used to living
5.(25-26七年级下·江苏南京·期中)—Did you use to ________ early?
—No, I always got up late before.
A.get up B.getting up C.got up D.be getting up
6.(25-26七年级下·江苏·课后作业)The teacher told us that the sun ________ in the east.
A.rises B.rose C.would rise D.was rising
7.Mom said she ________ wash all the fashionable dresses at home.
A.can B.could C.will D.is
8.Emma was excited ________ the news of a big sale at the store.
A.when she heard B.hearing C.hear D.to hearing
9.—How was your summer holiday?
—It was great. I ________ swimming every day.
A.went B.go C.was go
10.Mr. Green ________ in our school for five years, and he ________ here in 2018.
A.has worked; came B.worked; came
C.has worked; has come D.worked; has come
二、填空题。
11.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期末)—How (be) your party?
—We had a lot of fun.
12.(24-25六年级上·江苏盐城·期中)He (go) to work by bike, but now he walks to work.
13.(25-26五年级下·江苏泰州·期中)I didn’t go ice fishing, but I (get) a fish, too.
14.(25-26七年级下·江苏·课后作业)The boy ________(fall) off the tree and hurt himself.
15.(25-26七年级下·江苏·阶段测试)His brother often ________ (read) that interesting book last year.
16.(25-26七年级下·江苏泰州·单元测试)John _________ (visit) his grandma every day when she was in hospital.
17.Before this road was built, they used to ________ (walk) a long mountain road to school.
18.He used ________ (be) very quiet before the school trip.
19.He ________ (lie) on the soft sofa and soon fell asleep.
20.He ________ (try) to solve this maths problem, but he failed at last.
【培优提升】
一、完成句子
21.(24-25六年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Nancy put her things in order. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ Nancy _________ her things in order?
22.(24-25六年级下·江苏镇江·期末)They cleaned the classroom yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ they ________ yesterday?
23.(25-26七年级下·江苏·单元测试)他过去常常周末在家,现在习惯帮助他人。
He ________ ________ stay at home on weekends, but now he ________ ________ ________ ________ others.
24.(25-26七年级下·江苏·阶段测试)Daniel and his friends go fishing every Friday. (用last Friday改写句子)
Daniel ________ fishing ________ his friends last Friday.
25.He used to improve his English writing skills by keeping a diary. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ he use to improve his English writing skills?
26.The deliveryman left the newspaper on my doorstep. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the deliveryman ________ the newspaper?
27.My grandpa watched TV last night. (对画线部分提问)
________ did your grandpa ________ TV?
28.The weather was cloudy yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the weather yesterday?
二、选词填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。限每词用一次。
listen, work, hold, keep, enjoy
Last month, we went to a mountain school and met Teacher Zhang Guimei. She 29 hard all her life to help poor girls. We 30 carefully when she told us her stories.
She helped many girls and let them pass their exams. She 31 many wonderful activities for the students. All the kids 32 their school life very much.
From her, we learned that kindness is powerful. The students 33 saying thanks to their great teacher. They hoped to become useful people in the future. We all thanked her from the bottom of our hearts.
三、短文填空
根据短文内容,用括号中所给单词的适当形式补全短文。
Once upon a time, a king 34 (ask) an artist to paint him a horse. “Please give me some time,” the artist answered. The king 35 (wait) for a few months before he grew angry.
“Where is my painting?” he asked. Quickly, the artist painted a beautiful picture of a horse.
The king said, “I like it! But why did you make me wait so long?”
The artist smiled and took the king to his house. There 36 (be) paintings of horses all over!
“It 37 (take) me months to learn how to paint a horse well!” he said.
This story teaches us that good things take time. We should be patient and keep practicing. The artist 38 (work) hard to improve his skills, and in the end, he created a beautiful painting.
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$衔接点03 一般过去时(小初考点差异及衔接)
小学视角
1. 理解基本概念,掌握基本用法。
2. 掌握基本结构:主语 + 动词过去式(+其他)。
3. 掌握规则动词过去式4种变化,识记常见的不规则动词的过去式。
4. 能识记常见标志词,如yesterday系列、last系列、ago系列等,并据此判断时态。
5. 掌握一般过去时的句式变换:变否定句、变一般疑问句及回答。
6. 能对一般过去时句子进行简单的提问。
初中展望
1. 拓展一般过去时的核心用法,辨识相关用法的标志词。
2. 掌握结构“used to do”的用法。
3. 掌握更多不规则动词过去式的变化并能正确运用。
4. 能在宾语从句,时间状语从句中正确使用一般过去时。
5. 能根据上下文语境或在语篇中判断并正确使用一般过去时。
6. 深刻理解一般过去时与现在完成时的区别。
衔接引导
小学阶段:
1.小学阶段的教学侧重点在于帮助和引导学生:
· 了解一般过去时,掌握其基本用法,结构,能进行简单的句式变换和提问;
· 掌握规则动词过去式的变化,识记常见的不规则动词的过去式。
· 识记常见的标志词,通过标志词判断时态。
2. 小学阶段的试题设置和难度分析。
· 难度:从简单到适中。
· 考查内容:以基本结构、用法、句式变换和标志词为主。
· 题型:以词句题型为主,语篇考查的较少,题型有:
①单词题 ②单项选择题 ③填空题④句型转换题⑤连词成句题
初中阶段:
1. 初中阶段的教学侧重点在于帮助和引导学生:
· 拓展一般过去时的基本用法,掌握“used to do”的用法,能熟练进行句式变换和提问。
· 深刻理解一般过去时的形式、意义和语用,并能根据上下文语境灵活判断和运用。
· 能在从句中正确使用一般过去时,掌握更多不规则动词的变化。
2. 初中阶段的试题设置和难度分析。
· 难度:较小学阶段有显著提高。
· 考查内容:以在语境和语篇中推理为主要考查方式,不再简单依赖标志词,内容拓展到特殊用法。
· 题型:除词句题型外,语篇题型明显增加,题型有:
①单项选择 ②完形填空 ③语法填空/短文填空 ④句型转换 ⑤写作中的叙事描写
小学一般过去时考点梳理
考点一、一般过去时的基本用法与结构:
· 一般过去时基本用法:表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
· 基本结构:主语 + 动词过去式 +(其他)。
📌注意:be动词的过去式有两种形式“was”和“were”,主语为 I、第三人称单数及不可数名词用 was,其他人称及复数用 were。
典例:I was at home yesterday. 我昨天在家。
They were at school yesterday. 他们昨天在学校。
They played football last Sunday. 他们上周日踢了足球。
即学即练
一、用所给单词的正确形式填空
1.Yesterday, I (wash) my clothes.
【答案】washed
【详解】句意:昨天,我洗我的衣服。根据句意可知,该句为一般过去时,谓语动词wash用过去式washed。
二、选词填空
2.Mrs. Wu (was / were) happy just now.
【答案】was
【详解】句意:吴夫人刚才很开心。just now说明句子时态是一般过去时,主语Mrs. Wu是第三人称单数,be动词用was。
三、改错题
3.I go to the zoo yesterday.
错误:____________ 改正为:____________
【答案】 go went
【详解】句意:我昨天去了动物园。根据yesterday可知句子是一般过去时,一般过去时的句子中谓语动词要用过去式,故go要改成过去式went。
考点二、动词过去式变化规则:
动词变过去式分两种情况:规则变化和不规则变化。
1. 规则动词过去式变化方法如下表:
情况
变化方法
例词
一般情况
直接加 -ed
play → played, clean → cleaned
以不发音的 e 结尾
加 -d
live → lived, dance → danced
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾
变 y 为 i,再加 -ed
study → studied, cry → cried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母
双写末尾字母再加 -ed
stop → stopped, plan → planned
📌 小贴士:小学阶段常见的需双写的词:stop, plan, drop, clap 等。注意:visit 不是重读闭音节,直接加 -ed(visited)。
2. 不规则动词过去式变化情况:
没有统一的方法和规律,小学阶段记住一些常见的,如go→went,do→did,have→had,see→saw,
come→came,give→gave,get→got,say→said等。
即学即练
一、写单词
1. 写出下列动词的过去式。
want ________ go __________ worry __________
【答案】wanted; went; worried
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
2. They (take) many photos in the park yesterday.
【答案】took
【详解】句意:他们昨天在公园里拍了很多照片。yesterday是过去时间,句子是一般过去时,动词take用过去式took。
3. Bill (play) football after school yesterday.
【答案】played
【详解】句意:比尔昨天放学后踢了足球。根据yesterday可知句子是一般过去时,动词用过去式played。考点三、一般过去时的标志词
小学阶段常见的一般过去时标志词有:
· yesterday 及其短语:yesterday(昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening(昨天早上/下午/晚上)
· last + 时间:last night/week/month/year/Monday(昨晚/上周/上月/去年/周一)
· ... ago:two days ago(两天前), a week ago(一周前), long ago(很久以前)
· in + 过去年份、月份等:in 2010(在2010年), in June 2018(在2018年六月)
典例:We visited the museum yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午我们参观了博物馆。
They moved to this city five years ago. 他们五年前搬到了这座城市。
即学即练
一、选择题
1.We ______ to the museum last Sunday. ( )
A.go B.went C.will go
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们上周日去博物馆。根据时间状语last Sunday可知时态为一般过去时,go的过去式为went。
二、用所给词的适当形式填空。
2.Yesterday Bill (watch) a basketball game on TV.
【答案】watched
【详解】句意:昨天比尔在电视上观看了一场篮球赛。根据时间状语Yesterday可知时态为一般过去时,动词watch的过去式是watched。
三、选词填空
3.(25-26六年级上·江苏宿迁·期中)She (read / reads) many funny stories two days ago.
【答案】read
【详解】句意:她两天前读了很多有趣的故事。本题考查动词的形式。根据two days ago可知句子是一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式read,故答案为read。
考点四、一般过去时的句式变换:
1. 当谓语动词为be动词,句式变换如下:
句型
结构
示例
肯定句
主语 + was / were + 其他.
He was late yesterday.他昨天迟到了。
否定句
主语 + was not (wasn’t) / were not (weren’t) +其他.
He wasn’t late yesterday.他昨天没有迟到。
一般疑问句及其回答
Was / Were + 主语 +其他?
肯定:Yes, 主语 + was / were.
否定:No, 主语 + wasn’t / weren’t.
—Was he late yesterday?他昨天迟到吗?
—Yes, he was.是的,他是迟到了。
—No, he wasn’t.不,他没迟到。
2. 当谓语动词为实义动词,句式变换如下:
句型
结构
示例
肯定句
主语 + 动词过去式 + 其他.
She called me yesterday.她昨天给我打电话。
否定句
主语 + did not (didn’t) + 动词原形 + 其他.
She didn’t call me yesterday.她昨天没给我打电话。
一般疑问句及其回答
Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Yes, 主语 + did.
No, 主语 + didn’t.
—Did she call me yesterday?她昨天给我打电话吗?
—Yes, she did.是的,她打了。
—No, she didn’t.不,她没打。
即学即练
一、单选题
1.Lucy _______ make a cake yesterday. She has no cake to eat now. ( )
A.doesn’t B.didn’t C.don’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:露西昨天没做蛋糕。她现在没有蛋糕吃。根据yesterday昨天,可知句子是一般过去时,否定句助动词用didn’t。
二、完成句子
2.He finished his homework yesterday. (变成一般疑问句)
________________________________________________
【答案】Did he finish his homework yesterday?
【详解】句意:他昨天完成了他的作业。句子是一般过去时,一般疑问句用助动词Did开头,后面用动词原形finish。
3.They were excited about the holiday. (改为否定句)
They ______ ______ excited about the holiday.
【答案】 were not
【详解】句意:他们对假期感到兴奋。be动词过去式变否定句,直接在were后加not。
4.(25-26六年级下·江苏南通·期中)The little boy said quietly. (改为一般疑问句,并做否定回答)
—_______ the little boy _______ quietly?
—_______, he _______.
【答案】 Did say No didn’t
【详解】句意:这个小男孩安静地说。句子是陈述句肯定形式,时态是一般过去时,改为一般疑问句,助动词借助Did放句首,后接动词用原形。said改为say。Did the little boy开头的一般疑问句,否定回答是No, he didn’t.
考点五、对一般过去时的句子进行提问:
用特殊疑问词进行提问的基本结构为:
· 谓语动词为be动词:特殊疑问词 + was / were + 主语…?
· 谓语动词为实义动词:特殊疑问词 + did +主语 + 动词原形…?
· 对主语进行提问则直接用特殊疑问词替换主语,其他不变:特殊疑问词 + 动词过去式 +(其他)?
提问成分
使用的特殊疑问词
示例
提问人
who
Tom broke the window.(对Tom提问)→Who broke the window?(提问主语,注意语序)
提问地点
where
He was at home yesterday.(对at home提问)→Where was he yesterday?
提问时间
when
They finished the work at 5:00.(对at 5:00提问)→When did they finish the work?
提问原因
why
They were very busy last night.(提问原因)→Why were they very busy last night?
提问事或物
what
He played basketball yesterday.(对played basketball提问)→What did he do yesterday?
对方式或情况进行提问
how
You went to the park by bike.(对by bike提问)→How did you go to the park?
即学即练
一、完成句子
1.I went to Hainan in the holidays. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you ______ in the holidays?
【答案】 Where did go
【详解】句意:我假期去了海南。划线部分表示地点,对地点提问用Where在哪里,went说明时态为一般过去时,故助动词用did,助动词后接动词原形,故went变回原形go。
2.I ate apples yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you eat yesterday?
【答案】 What did
【详解】句意:我昨天吃了苹果。划线部分apples是事物,对事物提问用What,句子时态为一般过去时,动词ate是过去式,变问句要加助动词did。
3.They went there by plane. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ they go there?
【答案】 How did
【详解】句意:他们乘飞机去了那里。句子时态为一般过去时,划线部分by plane表示出行方式,对交通方式提问要用疑问词How;原句含实义动词went,变问句需要借助助动词did,助动词后动词变回原形go。
易混易错和解决策略
错误点
针对策略
时态判断错误
圈标志词:看见标志词,就用过去时。
动词过去式变化错误
记特殊:辅音+y变i加-ed;重读闭音节双写加-ed。
记典型词:go→went,do→did,have→had,see→saw,come→came,give→gave,get→got。
否定句/疑问句动词忘还原
记口诀:did(didn’t)后面跟动原。
be动词过去式用错
顺口溜:三单和“I”用was;其余人称请用were。
句型转换错误
否定句:先加not后还原( 先be或did加not,后还原动词)
一般疑问句:先提,再改,后还原(先be或did提前,改首字母大写和句末问号,最后还原动词)
特殊疑问句:对主语提问,语序不变,对其他提问,语序要改变。
【基础通关】
一、写出下列动词的过去式。
1. have _________ 2. take _________
3. run _________ 4. swim _________
5. read _________ 6. clean _________
7. cry _________ 8. are _________
9. stop _________ 10. live _________
【答案】1. had 2. took 3. ran 4. swam 5. read 6. cleaned 7. cried 8. were 9. stopped 10. lived
二、选词填空。
11.(24-25六年级下·江苏南京·期末)— (Were / Did) you at school last night?
—No. I went to see the doctor.
【答案】Were
【详解】句意:—你昨晚在学校吗?—不。我去看医生了。根据句子结构可知该空需用be动词。
12.(25-26六年级上·江苏连云港·期末)My sister (buy / buys / bought) some flowers yesterday.
【答案】bought
【详解】句意:我姐姐昨天买了一些花。buy是动词原形,buys是动词的第三人称单数形式,bought是buy的过去式。根据yesterday可知句子是一般过去时,动词要用过去式。
13.(24-25六年级上·江苏淮安·期中)My mother (didn’t have / doesn’t have) a mobile phone four years ago.
【答案】didn’t have
【详解】句意:我妈妈四年前没有手机。本题考查助动词。根据four years ago可知句子时态为一般过去时,句子是陈述句的否定形式,助动词要用didn’t,故答案为didn’t have。
14.Mike and his sister (go / went) to the library yesterday.
【答案】went
【详解】句意:迈克和他的妹妹昨天去了图书馆。本题考查动词的形式。yesterday昨天是一般过去时的标志,故句子时态为一般过去时,动词go要用过去式went。故答案为went。
15.We (learn / learned) that bees can make honey last week.
【答案】learned
【详解】句意:上周我们了解到蜜蜂可以制造蜂蜜。根据last week上周,可知句子是一般过去时,谓语动词用过去式learned。
三、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
16.He (be) born in 2014.
【答案】was
【详解】句意:他在2014年出生。in 2014提示句子是一般过去时。主语是第三人称单数He,be动词用was。
17.(25-26六年级上·江苏盐城·期末)Last spring, Mike (fly) kites with his friends in the park.
【答案】flew
【详解】句意:去年春天,迈克和他的朋友们在公园里放风筝。根据Last spring可知句子时态是一般过去时,此处需用动词的过去式,fly的过去式是flew。
18.(25-26六年级上·江苏盐城·期末)Mary often walks to school, but she (take) a bus yesterday.
【答案】took
【详解】句意:玛丽经常步行去上学,但她昨天坐了公交车。根据yesterday可知句子是一般过去时,此处需用动词的过去式,take的过去式是took。
19.(25-26六年级上·江苏无锡·期中)—Who (sing) the last song at the concert? —Linda did.
【答案】sang
【详解】句意:—谁在音乐会上唱最后一首歌?—琳达。本题考查动词的形式。根据答语中的did,可知句子是一般过去时,动词sing用过去式sang。故答案为sang。
20.Who (stay) at home with your little brother yesterday?
【答案】stayed
【详解】句意:昨天谁和你弟弟一起待在家里?本题考查动词的形式,根据yesterday可知句子使用一般过去时,stay的过去式是stayed。故答案为stayed。
【培优提升】
一、句型转换
21.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期末)The girl is taking pictures in the park. (用yesterday改写)
The girl ______ pictures in the park ______.
【答案】 took yesterday
【详解】原句句意:那个女孩正在公园拍照。用yesterday改写句子,即句子改为一般过去时。动词take的过去式为took,将原句中is taking改为took,其它部分语序不变,句尾加时间状语yesterday。
22.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期中)They are talking about their hobbies in the classroom. (改为一般过去时)
They ____ ____ their hobbies in the classroom.
【答案】 talked about
【详解】原句句意:他们正在教室里谈论他们的爱好。本题考查句型转换。句子是陈述句,时态是现在进行时。句子改为一般过去时,谓语动词变为过去式 talked,about 保持不变,故答案为talked,about。
23.John brought some toys from home. (改成一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
______ John ______ ______ toys from home?
______, he ______.
【答案】 Did bring any Yes did
【详解】句意:约翰从家里带来了一些玩具。原句是一般过去时,谓语动词是bring的过去式brought,变一般疑问句要在句首加助动词Did,同时把brought变回原形bring,疑问句里some要改为any;肯定回答用Yes,后面跟主语he和助动词did。
24.(2025·江苏淮安·小升初模拟)My grandpa read newspapers for news before. (改为否定句)
My grandpa ______ ______ newspapers for news before.
【答案】 didn’t read
【详解】原句句意:我爷爷以前看报纸获取新闻。由before可知原句是一般过去时,变否定用助动词的否定形式didn’t,后接动词原形,read的动词原形为read。
25.My uncle went to work by bus yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ your uncle go to work yesterday?
【答案】 How did
【详解】原句句意:我叔叔昨天坐公交车上班。划线部分by bus是交通方式,提问用How,句子是 一般过去时,助动词用did。
26.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期末)I was angry because you didn’t listen to me. (对划线部分提问)
__________ __________ you angry?
【答案】 Why were
【详解】原句句意:我很生气因为你没有听我的。 划线部分是事情的原因,用why提问,问句主语you是第二人称,对应的be动词要改为were。
27.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期中)Mike went fishing last National Day. (对划线部分提问)
______ ______ Mike ______ last National Day?
【答案】 What did do
【详解】原句句意:迈克去年国庆节去钓鱼了。本题考查句型转换。句子是陈述句,时态是一般过去时。划线部分是具体做的事情,对其提问用what,句意为:迈克去年国庆节做什么了?句中有实义动词,问句需借助助动词did,后跟动词原形do做,故答案为What,did,do。
二、阅读短文,根据内容用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Last Sunday, I 28 (go) to a shopping center with my mum and dad. We saw a small boy on the floor. He 29 (look) sad. We went to him and helped him up. I 30 (ask) him, “Are you OK?” He said,” I can't find my mum.” Dad took him to an office in the shopping center. I 31 (give) him a sweet. The small boy became happy. I 32 (be) happy too.
【答案】 28. went 29.looked 30. asked 31. gave 32. was
【详解】28.句意:上周星期天,我和我的爸爸妈妈一起去了购物中心。根据last Sunday可知,句子为一般过去时,go去,过去式是went。故答案为went。
29.句意:他看起来很悲伤。look看起来,本文时态为一般过去时,look-looked。故答案为looked。
30.句意:我问他:“你还好吗?”本文时态为一般过去时,ask-asked。故答案为asked。
31.句意:我给他一颗糖。本文时态为一般过去时,give-gave。故答案为gave。
32.句意:我也高兴起来。本文时态为一般过去时,且主语是I,be动词用was。故答案为was。
初中一般过去时考点梳理
初中阶段对一般过去时的考查除了复习小学阶段的知识和考点外,在以下几个方面进行了扩展和深化:
考点一、表示过去某段时间内经常或反复发生的习惯性动作。
对比小学阶段的基本用法和初中阶段的拓展用法:
小学已学
初中拓展
表示发生在过去时间的一次性的动作
表示发生在过去时间段的经常性、习惯性的动作
标志词:yesterday系列、last系列、ago系列、in系列
标志词:often, always, usually, sometimes, every day
例句:I visited my uncle last week.上周我拜访了我的叔叔。
例句:When I was young, I often walked to school.我小时候经常步行去上学。
含义:只是陈述上周的一次行为。
含义:陈述的是小时候经常性的行为。
典例示范
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.Bobby (bring) a cake for lunch yesterday.
【答案】brought
【详解】句意:Bobby昨天午饭带了一块蛋糕。由yesterday可知句子时态为一般过去时,动词bring要用过去式brought。
2.Mary often ________ (hang)out with friends when she was young.
【答案】hung
【详解】句意:Mary年轻时经常和朋友出去玩。“when she was young”提示句子用一般过去时,所以空处应用动词hang的过去式hung。故填hung。
即学即练
一、用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. She ________ (be) always late for school last term.
【答案】was
【解析】句意:她上学期上学总是迟到。last term 提示句子用一般过去时,这里是表示上学期的习惯行为,用一般过去时。
2. My grandfather ________ (smoke) a lot when he was young, but now he doesn’t.
【答案】smoked
【解析】句意:我爷爷年轻时经常抽烟,但现在不抽了。when he was young过去时间,抽烟是过去的习惯,用一般过去时。
3. They ________ (often, go) to the park on weekends last year.
【答案】often went
【解析】句意:去年他们经常在周末去公园。last year提示句子用一般过去时,这里是表示去年的习惯行为,用一般过去时。
考点二、“used to do”结构的用法
· 意义:“used to + 动词原形”表示“过去常常做某事(但现在不再做了)”,强调与现在的对比。
· 该结构只有过去式形式,没有现在时形式。
例句:I used to get up late, but now I get up early.我过去常常起得很晚,但现在我起得很早。
⚠️ 易错点:(1)不要把 used to do 和 be used to doing 混淆。
be/get used to doing意为“习惯于做某事”,与过去无关。
例:I am used to getting up early.我习惯早起。
(2)不要把 used to do 和sth be used to do sth 混淆。
sth be used to do sth是被动语态结构,意为“某物被用来......”。
例:Wood is used to make tables.木头被用来制造桌子。
典例示范
一、单项选择
1.I ________ to Beijing every year when I was young.
A.used to take a trip B.was used to take a trip C.used to taking a trip
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我年轻时每年常常去北京旅行。
used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,表示过去的习惯;be used to doing sth.意为“习惯于做某事”。根据时间状语“when I was young”可知,此处指过去常常发生的动作,应用 used to do 结构,take a trip表示“去旅游”。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
2.I used to ________ (drink) milk every morning.
【答案】drink
【详解】句意:我过去每天早上都喝牛奶。句中“used to”为固定短语,表示“过去常常做某事”,其后接动词原形drink。
即学即练
一、翻译句子
1.我过去常常在周末和朋友去爬山。
I ________ ________ climb mountains with friends on weekends.
【答案】 used to
【详解】原文中“过去常常”是翻译的关键,对应的固定短语是“used to”。“used to”后接动词原形,表示过去习惯性的动作或状态(现在已不再做)。句中“climb”为动词原形,符合该结构。故填used to。
二、单项选择
2. I ________ play computer games a lot, but I don’t have time now.
A. used to B. was used to C. got used to D. use to
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我过去常常玩电脑游戏,但我现在没有时间。but提示前后两句是对比,前面说的是过去的情况,后面说的是现在的情况。过去常常玩,现在不玩了,用 used to。
考点三、一般过去时在宾语从句和时间状语从句中的使用。
从句类型
主从句时态呼应情况
例句
宾语从句
通常主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去时态
She said she had a cold.她说她感冒了。
主句是一般过去时,从句若表示真理、客观事实,则要用一般现在时。
He learned years ago (that) light travels faster than sound.他多年前就知道光速比声速快。
时间状语从句
when引导的从句:①若从句表示一个短动作,主句表示一个长动作,从句用一般过去时,主句可用过去进行时。
②若从句和主句都表示两个短动作,两个短动作接连发生,则从句和主句都用一般过去时。
When I arrived, he was cooking.我到的时候,他正在做饭。(arrive短动作,cook长动作)
When he saw me, he said hello.当他看到我时,他打了声招呼。(saw和said hello都是短动作)
典例示范
一、单项选择
1.In physics class,we learned that light ________ faster than sound.
A.travelled B.travels C.has travelled D.is travelling
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在物理课上,我们学习了光比声音传播得快。
虽然主句“we learned”是一般过去时,但从句陈述的是“光比声音快”这一客观真理,时态不受主句影响,应用一般现在时。主语light为不可数名词,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 travels符合题意。
2.My brother asked me where I ________ my new mobile phone. I told him I bought it online.
A.buy B.bought
C.have bought D.will buy
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我弟弟问我在哪里买的新手机,我告诉他我在网上买的。
主句动词asked是一般过去时,宾语从句要用相应的过去时态。 “买手机” 这个动作发生在asked之前,用一般过去时bought。后面答句I bought it online也给了提示,时态保持一致。
即学即练
一、单项选择
1.I want to know ________ to the old man just now.
A.what happens B.what happened C.what is happening D.what has happened
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我想知道刚才这位老人发生了什么事。
“just now”表示过去的时间,需用一般过去时,应填what happened。
2.When the heavy rain ________, most people were staying inside their houses.
A.is starting B.started C.will start D.starts
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当大雨开始时,大多数人正待在家里。
根据主句“most people were staying inside their houses”中的“were staying”可知,句子描述的是过去正在进行的动作,背景是过去。when引导的时间状语从句表示过去某个时间点发生的动作,应用一般过去时。应填started。
考点四、一般过去时与现在完成时的辨析
对比维度
一般过去时
现在完成时
核心意义
动作/状态发生在过去的某个时间点/时间段,可以是一次性的,也可是经常性的
强调过去动作对现在的影响或一直持续到现在
时间状语
具体的过去时间,如yesterday, last week, in 2010, …ago, just now等
非具体时间,表示延续的时间:already, yet, ever, never, since, for, so far
例句
I met her yesterday.我昨天遇见了她。
When I was 7, I lived here.我七岁时住在这儿。
I've already finished it.我已经做完了。
I've known her for 3 years.我认识她三年了。
典例示范
一、单项选择
1.My brother ________ the chess club last year. He ________ a member for over twelve months.
A.joined; has been B.joined; was
C.has joined; is D.has joined; has been
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我哥哥去年加入了国际象棋俱乐部。他已经是会员超过十二个月了。
根据“last year去年”可知第一空表示过去发生的动作,用一般过去时joined;根据“for over twelve months”可知第二空强调状态延续到现在,用现在完成时,join是短暂性动词,不能与时间段连用,需转化为延续性状态has been。
即学即练
一、单项选择
1.—________ you ________ the film before, Lily?
—Yes. I ________ it online the other day.
A.Have; seen; have seen B.Did; see; saw
C.Have; seen; saw D.Did; see; have seen
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你之前看过这部电影吗,丽丽?——是的。我前几天在网上看了它。
考查现在完成时和一般过去时。根据问句中时间状语before“之前”,用现在完成时,表示动作发生在过去,对现在产生影响;答句中时间状语the other day“前几天”,表明动作发生在过去,用一般过去时。故选C。
2. —Where’s Tom? —He ________ to the library. He ________ there ten minutes ago.
A. has gone; went B. went; has gone C. has been; went D. went; went
【答案】A
【解析】句意——汤姆在哪里? ——他去了图书馆。他十分钟前去的。
第一空强调“去了还没回来”用 has gone;第二空,ten minutes ago 提示用一般过去时went。故选A。
易混易错和解决策略
错误点
针对策略
used to do 与 be used to doing 混淆
口诀:used to加原形,过去常常现在停;be used to 加 doing,习惯养成要分清。
不规则动词过去式记忆不牢
记特殊,记典型,分类记:cut→cut,put→put(形式不变)
sing→sang,swim→swam(变个别元音)
buy→bought,think→thought(变较多)
go→went,be→was/were(完全变)
时间状语从句中时态呼应错误
主过从过原则:主句和从句动作都是过去,都用过去时态。
宾语从句中时态呼应错误
主过从过都用过,主过从真,从句用现(一般现在时)
与现在完成时混淆
借助标志词,养成做题先找标志词的习惯。
【基础通关】
一、选择题
1.(2025·江苏淮安·小升初模拟)This pair of gloves I saw yesterday ________ really big.
A. is B. was C. were
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我昨天看到的这幅手套真大。根据yesterday可知时态是一般过去时,主语This pair of gloves
I saw yesterday是单数,be动词用was。
2.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期末)—Did you _______ any apples on the farm?
—Yes, I______ a lot.
A. picks; picked B. pick;picked C. pick;picks
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你在农场里摘苹果了吗?——是的,我摘了很多。助动词Did后面加动词原形pick,句子时态为一般过去时,用pick的过去式picked。
3.(25-26七年级下·江苏盐城·阶段检测)My grandmother often ________ stories about Chinese folk art to me when I was a child.
A.tells B.told C.is telling D.will tell
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我还是个孩子的时候,我奶奶经常给我讲关于中国民间艺术的故事。
考查动词时态。根据从句“when I was a child”可知,主句动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时。故选B。
4.(25-26七年级下·江苏·单元测试)The old man ________ live in the countryside, but now he ________ in the city.
A.used to; is used to living B.used to; used to live
C.is used to; used to live D.is used to; is used to living
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这位老人过去常常住在农村,但现在他习惯于住在城市了。
used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”,be used to doing sth.表示“习惯于做某事”。第一空根据后半句but now可知表示过去的情况,且后接动词原形live,故用used to;第二空表示现在的状态,习惯于做某事,故用is used to living。
5.(25-26七年级下·江苏南京·期中)—Did you use to ________ early?
—No, I always got up late before.
A.get up B.getting up C.got up D.be getting up
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你过去常常早起吗?——不,我以前总是起得很晚。
used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”,后接动词原形。根据“Did you use to”可知,该结构用于一般疑问句中,因此空处应填动词原形get up。
6.(25-26七年级下·江苏·课后作业)The teacher told us that the sun ________ in the east.
A.rises B.rose C.would rise D.was rising
【答案】A
【详解】句意:老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起。
根据“The teacher told us that...”可知,主句是一般过去时,但从句内容“太阳从东方升起”是客观真理,不受主句时态影响,仍用一般现在时。主语the sun是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式。
7.Mom said she ________ wash all the fashionable dresses at home.
A.can B.could C.will D.is
【答案】B
【详解】句意:妈妈说她能在家里洗所有的时尚裙子。
can能;could能(过去式);will将要;is是。根据“Mom said”可知,主句是一般过去时,宾语从句需用相应的过去时态,can的过去式为could。
8.Emma was excited ________ the news of a big sale at the store.
A.when she heard B.hearing C.hear D.to hearing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:艾玛听到商店大减价的消息时很兴奋。
when she heard当她听到;hearing听到;hear听到;to hearing结构错误。be excited to do sth“做某事兴奋”;when引导时间状语从句,完整表达为when she heard,符合句子时态和语法要求,应选when she heard。
9.—How was your summer holiday?
—It was great. I ________ swimming every day.
A.went B.go C.was go
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你的暑假过得怎么样?——很棒。我每天都去游泳。
考查时态。根据“How was your summer holiday?”及“It was great.”可知,空白处是描述过去经常发生的动作,用一般过去时,动词用过去式went。故选A。
10.Mr. Green ________ in our school for five years, and he ________ here in 2018.
A.has worked; came B.worked; came
C.has worked; has come D.worked; has come
【答案】A
【详解】句意:格林先生在我们学校工作五年了,他2018年来到这里。
work工作;come来。句中“for five years”表示从过去持续到现在的动作,需用现在完成时,结构为“have/has+过去分词”,主语Mr. Green是第三人称单数,故第一空填has worked;句中“in 2018”是表示过去的具体时间状语,谓语动词应用一般过去时,come的过去式为came。故填has worked;came。
二、填空题。
11.(25-26六年级上·江苏南通·期末)—How (be) your party?
—We had a lot of fun.
【答案】was
【详解】句意:—你们的派对怎么样?—我们玩得很开心。答语had是一般过去时态,问句为一般过去时,主语your party是第三人称单数,be动词用过去式was。
12.(24-25六年级上·江苏盐城·期中)He (go) to work by bike, but now he walks to work.
【答案】went
【详解】句意:他骑自行车去工作,但是现在他步行去工作。本题考查动词的形式。根据句意可知前后表转折,故第一句指以前骑自行车,时态是一般过去时,go用过去式went。故答案为went。
13.(25-26五年级下·江苏泰州·期中)I didn’t go ice fishing, but I (get) a fish, too.
【答案】got
【详解】句意:我没有去冰钓,但我也得到了一条鱼。根据didn’t可知句子是一般过去时,get用过去式got。
14.(25-26七年级下·江苏·课后作业)The boy ________(fall) off the tree and hurt himself.
【答案】fell
【详解】句意:那个男孩从树上摔下来伤了自己。and连接并列谓语hurt为过去式,fall也用一般过去式,fall的过去式为fell。
15.(25-26七年级下·江苏·阶段测试)His brother often ________ (read) that interesting book last year.
【答案】read
【详解】句意:他弟弟去年经常读那本有趣的书。根据“last year”可知,本句时态为一般过去时,表示过去经常做的事情,谓语动词用过去式。故填read。
16.(25-26七年级下·江苏泰州·单元测试)John _________ (visit) his grandma every day when she was in hospital.
【答案】visited
【详解】句意:约翰奶奶住院时,约翰每天都去看望她。根据“when she was in hospital”可知事情发生在过去,所以此处使用一般过去时,visit为动词,表示“看望”,其过去式为visited。故填visited。
17.Before this road was built, they used to ________ (walk) a long mountain road to school.
【答案】walk
【详解】句意:在这条路建成之前,他们过去常常走很长的山路去上学。walk“走路”,used to do sth“过去常常做某事”,因此填动词原形。故填walk。
18.He used ________ (be) very quiet before the school trip.
【答案】to be
【详解】句意:在这次学校旅行前,他过去是很安静的。句中“used to do sth.”为固定搭配,意为“过去常常做某事”,因此需使用不定式形式“to be”。
19.He ________ (lie) on the soft sofa and soon fell asleep.
【答案】lay
【详解】句意:他躺在柔软的沙发上,很快就睡着了。根据“fell asleep”可知句子用一般过去时,“lie”的过去式是“lay”。
20.He ________ (try) to solve this maths problem, but he failed at last.
【答案】tried
【详解】句意:他尝试解这道数学题,但最后还是失败了。并列连词but连接两个分句,后一分句“he failed at last”使用一般过去时,表明整个事件发生在过去,前后分句时态需保持一致,因此前一分句的谓语动词try应使用过去式,故填tried。
【培优提升】
一、完成句子
21.(24-25六年级下·江苏盐城·期中)Nancy put her things in order. (改为一般疑问句)
_________ Nancy _________ her things in order?
【答案】 Did put
【详解】原句句意:南希把她的东西放置得井井有条。主语Nancy是第三人称,谓语动词put放置,是过去式,该句时态为一般过去时,变一般疑问句借助助动词Did并放到句首,后面加动词原形put。
22.(24-25六年级下·江苏镇江·期末)They cleaned the classroom yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ they ________ yesterday?
【答案】 What did do
【详解】句意:他们昨天打扫了教室。根据时间状语yesterday和谓语动词 cleaned(过去式)可知,原句为一般过去时。划线部分cleaned the classroom表示具体的动作,对动作提问应用特殊疑问词what,特殊疑问句结构为“特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句”。一般过去时变疑问句需借助助动词did放在主语they之前;原来的具体动词cleaned需替换为动词原形do。所以句子变为What did they do yesterday? 故填What;did;do。
23.(25-26七年级下·江苏·单元测试)他过去常常周末在家,现在习惯帮助他人。
He ________ ________ stay at home on weekends, but now he ________ ________ ________ ________ others.
【答案】 used to is used to helping
【详解】原句中“过去常常”和“习惯帮助”是关键词。“过去常常”用used to表达,其后接动词原形。“习惯做某事”用be used to doing sth.表达,根据时间状语now可知,表示现在的状态,主语he是第三人称单数,be动词用is;“帮助”用help表达,此处用其动名词形式helping。
24.(25-26七年级下·江苏·阶段测试)Daniel and his friends go fishing every Friday. (用last Friday改写句子)
Daniel ________ fishing ________ his friends last Friday.
【答案】 went with
【详解】句意:丹尼尔和他的朋友们每个星期五去钓鱼。题目要求用“last Friday”改写句子,需要将一般现在时改为一般过去时,动词“go”的过去式为“went”;原句中的并列主语结构“Daniel and his friends”可以转换为“Daniel went fishing with his friends”,用介词“with”表示“和……一起”。
25.He used to improve his English writing skills by keeping a diary. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ he use to improve his English writing skills?
【答案】 How did
【详解】句意:他过去常常通过写日记来提高他的英语写作技巧。划线部分“by keeping a diary”表示方式,应用疑问词how提问,句首单词首字母大写;原句含有实义动词used,变为疑问句需借助助动词did,used还原为use。故填How;did。
26.The deliveryman left the newspaper on my doorstep. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the deliveryman ________ the newspaper?
【答案】 Where did leave
【详解】句意:送货员把报纸放在了我的门阶上。划线部分“on my doorstep”是地点状语,对地点提问用疑问词Where。原句谓语“left”是leave的过去式,变特殊疑问句要借助助动词did,助动词后谓语动词还原为原形leave。
27.My grandpa watched TV last night. (对画线部分提问)
________ did your grandpa ________ TV?
【答案】 When watch
【详解】句意:我爷爷昨晚看了电视。画线部分“last night”意为“昨晚”,表示时间。对时间提问,应使用疑问词When。原句是一般过去时(watched),变为特殊疑问句时,句中已给出助动词did。根据语法规则,助动词did后接动词原形,因此watched需还原为watch。
28.The weather was cloudy yesterday. (对划线部分提问)
________ ________ the weather yesterday?
【答案】 How was
【详解】句意:昨天天气多云。划线部分“cloudy”是形容词,用来描述天气状况。对天气提问的常用句型有How is/was the weather?和What is/was the weather like?两种,横线处只有两个空,且句末没有“like”,因此只能选用How引导的句型。原句是一般过去时,故疑问句中的be动词也需用过去式。故填How;was。
二、选词填空
请从方框内选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空,使文章完整连贯。限每词用一次。
listen, work, hold, keep, enjoy
Last month, we went to a mountain school and met Teacher Zhang Guimei. She 29 hard all her life to help poor girls. We 30 carefully when she told us her stories.
She helped many girls and let them pass their exams. She 31 many wonderful activities for the students. All the kids 32 their school life very much.
From her, we learned that kindness is powerful. The students 33 saying thanks to their great teacher. They hoped to become useful people in the future. We all thanked her from the bottom of our hearts.
【答案】29.worked 30.listened 31.held 32.enjoyed 33.kept
【导语】本文讲述作者一行人前往山区学校拜访张桂梅老师,了解她为帮助贫困女孩所做的努力,从中感受到善良的力量,表达了对张老师的敬意。
【详解】29.句意:她一生都在努力工作,帮助贫困女孩。句中all her life和上下文过去语境提示用一般过去时,结合张桂梅老师毕生奉献教育的背景,需选用work,因此work变形为worked。
30.句意:当她给我们讲述她的故事时,我们认真倾听。根据后文“听她讲述故事”的语境,此处表达“倾听”,上下文为过去语境,谓语动词用过去式,需选用listen,因此listen变形为listened。
31.句意:她为学生们举办了许多精彩的活动。hold activities为固定搭配,表示举办活动,上下文为过去语境,需选用hold,因此hold变形为held。
32.句意:所有的孩子都非常享受他们的校园生活。根据语境“孩子们喜欢校园生活”,此处表达“享受”,上下文为过去语境,谓语动词用过去式,需选用enjoy,因此enjoy变形为enjoyed。
33.句意:学生们不停地感谢他们这位伟大的老师。keep doing sth.为固定搭配,表示持续做某事,结合“不停地感谢”的语境,上下文为过去语境,需选用keep,因此keep变形为kept。
三、短文填空
根据短文内容,用括号中所给单词的适当形式补全短文。
Once upon a time, a king 34 (ask) an artist to paint him a horse. “Please give me some time,” the artist answered. The king 35 (wait) for a few months before he grew angry.
“Where is my painting?” he asked. Quickly, the artist painted a beautiful picture of a horse.
The king said, “I like it! But why did you make me wait so long?”
The artist smiled and took the king to his house. There 36 (be) paintings of horses all over!
“It 37 (take) me months to learn how to paint a horse well!” he said.
This story teaches us that good things take time. We should be patient and keep practicing. The artist 38 (work) hard to improve his skills, and in the end, he created a beautiful painting.
【答案】34.asked 35.waited 36.were 37.took 38.worked
【导语】本文讲述国王请画家画马的故事,说明好事多磨、熟能生巧的道理。
【详解】34.句意:从前,一位国王请一位画家给他画一匹马。叙述过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,ask的过去式是asked。
35.句意:国王等了好几个月,然后生气了。叙述过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,wait的过去式是waited。
36.句意:那里到处都是马的画!There be句型中,主语“paintings of horses”是复数,叙述过去的状态,需用一般过去时,be动词用were。
37.句意:我花了好几个月才学会如何把马画好!叙述过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,take的过去式是took。
38.句意:画家努力工作以提高他的技艺。叙述过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,work的过去式是worked。
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