专题01 非谓语动词之动词不定式（暑假复习讲义）新高二英语译林版

专题01 非谓语动词之动词不定式 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 动词不定式的一般式 考点二 动词不定式的进行式 考点三 动词不定式的完成式 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 动词不定式 ├─ 一般式 (to do) │ ├─ 基本结构：to + 动词原形 │ ├─ 时态关系：动作与主句动作同时/之后发生 │ └─ 句法功能：作主、宾、表、定、状、补语 ├─ 进行式 (to be doing) │ ├─ 基本结构：to be + 现在分词 │ ├─ 时态关系：动作与主句动作同步进行 │ └─ 常用语境：表“此刻正在做某事” └─ 完成式 (to have done) ├─ 基本结构：to have + 过去分词 ├─ 时态关系：动作先于主句动作发生 └─ 高频搭配：wish/hope/regret/seem/claim等词后 ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 一般式 【知识精讲】 1.基本结构 肯定形式：to + 动词原形；否定形式：not to + 动词原形 例：I want to learn English.（我想学英语。） He decided not to go out.（他决定不出去。） 2.时态含义 不定式动作与主句谓语动作同时发生，或发生在主句动作之后，是使用最广泛的形式。 3.六大句法功能 （1）作主语：表示具体、一次性的动作，常用it作形式主语。 例：To see is to believe.（眼见为实。） It is important to keep healthy.（保持健康很重要。） （2）作宾语：常跟在want, hope, decide, plan, refuse, try, learn等及物动词后。 例：She hopes to visit the museum.（她希望去参观博物馆。） （3）作表语：放在系动词后，解释主语的具体内容。 例：My dream is to become a doctor.（我的梦想是成为一名医生。） （4）作定语：放在名词后，表名词的用途、动作、将来动作。 例：I have a lot of homework to do.（我有很多作业要做。） （5）作状语：表目的、结果、原因。 表目的：He gets up early to catch the bus.（他早起赶公交。） 表结果：He woke up to find everyone gone.（他醒来发现所有人都走了。） （6）作宾语补足语： ①常规动词：ask, tell, allow, encourage, order 等 + sb. to do 例：My mother tells me to finish homework on time. ②易错点：使役动词（make, let, have）、感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice）主动语态中，省略 to；变为被动语态时，必须还原 to。 例：He made me laugh. → I was made to laugh. 4.记忆口诀 不定式表 “要去做、用来做”，主动省 to，被动必加 to；形式主语 it 来替代，句子结构更通顺。 【典例破题】 例题：The teacher asked the students ______ (finish) their homework before class.（用所给词适当形式填空） 【答案】to finish 【思路点拨】本题考查不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配 ask sb. to do sth.（要求某人做某事），直接套用结构即可。 【方法提炼】熟记接不定式作宾补的高频动词，看到 ask/tell/allow/invite 等词，优先考虑 to do 结构。 【巩固提升】 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1.I want ______ (buy) a new pen. 2.It's necessary ______ (exercise) every day. 3.My father told me ______ (not play) computer games too long. 4.She plans ______ (travel) to Beijing this summer. 5.The boy was seen ______ (enter) the classroom just now. 6.We decide ______ (help) the old man carry heavy bags. 7.My wish is ______ (be) a volunteer. 8.He ran fast ______ (catch) the early bus. 考点二 进行式 【知识精讲】 1.基本结构 肯定形式：to be + 现在分词；否定形式：not to be doing 2.核心含义 强调不定式表示的动作，与主句谓语动作正在同时进行，侧重“此时此刻正在做某事”。 3.常用搭配与语境 多用于seem, appear, happen, pretend等动词之后，描述说话时正在发生的动作。 例：He seems to be reading a book.（他好像正在看书。） She pretended to be sleeping when I came in.（我进来时她假装正在睡觉。） 4.易混辨析 to do（一般式）：动作后发生/同时发生（侧重动作本身）； to be doing（进行式）：动作正在同步进行（强调进行状态）。 【典例破题】 例题：When I passed his room, he seemed ______ (study) hard.（用所给词适当形式填空） 【答案】to be studying 【思路点拨】时间状语 When I passed his room 表示过去某个时刻，他正在学习，动作同步进行，因此用不定式进行式。 【方法提炼】题干出现 “某个具体时间点”，强调动作正在进行，选用 to be doing。 【巩固提升】 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1.They appear ______ (talk) about something important now. 2.The little boy pretended ______ (cry) when his mother left. 3.He happened ______ (work) in the office at that time. 4.Don't disturb her. She seems ______ (write) a letter. 5.The students are said ______ (have) class now. 考点三 完成式 【知识精讲】 1.基本结构 肯定形式：to have + 过去分词；否定形式：not to have done 2.核心含义 不定式动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，即“先做了某事，之后才有主句的动作/状态”，是高考高频易错点。 3.高频用法 （1）用于seem, appear, be said, be reported, be supposed等结构中 例：He is said to have lived abroad for 10 years.（据说他已经在国外生活十年了。） （2）用于hope, wish, regret, expect等动词后，表“后悔/遗憾/希望之前做了某事” 例：I regret to have told him the news.（我后悔告诉了他这个消息。） （3）用于would like/love后，表“原本想做但没做成” 例：I would love to have gone to the party, but I was busy.（我本想去派对，但是我太忙了。） 4.易错警示 区分三种形式时间逻辑： to do：动作在后/同时 to be doing：动作同步进行 to have done：动作先发生 【典例破题】 例题：The old man is believed ______ (work) in this factory for over 30 years.（用所给词适当形式填空） 【答案】to have worked 【思路点拨】“在工厂工作30多年”这个动作，发生在“人们认为”这个动作之前，且动作持续到现在，故用不定式完成式。 【方法提炼】句中出现时间段、完成语义，动作明显先于主句谓语，直接使用to have done。 【巩固提升】 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1.She is said ______ (visit) many foreign countries. 2.I regret ______ (miss) the wonderful football match last night. 3.They seem ______ (finish) their tasks already. 4.He pretended ______ (know) me before, but we never met. 5.I would like ______ (see) the film yesterday, but I had no time. 一、单项选择 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation. A．Impressing B．To impress C．Being impressed D．Impressed 2．（2024·天津·高考真题）From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places. A．to discover B．to be discovering C．to be discovered D．to have discovered 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. A．To be kept B．Kept C．To keep D．Keeping 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills. A．to have taught B．to teach C．teaching D．having taught 5．（2020·天津·高考真题）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth. A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 6．（2015·湖北·高考真题）Many bad habits can be especially difficult to cure because they are likely (form)at a very young age. 7．（25-26高二上·广东深圳·开学考试）We need to (loose) the soil before we plant the seeds to ensure better root growth. 8．（25-26高二上·山东烟台·开学考试）If you have any further requirements, please don’t hesitate (contact) us at any time. 9．（21-22高二上·山东济南·阶段检测）It is indeed an honor for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine (spread) around the world. 10．（25-26高二上·福建漳州·开学考试）Olympic athletes attempt (challenge) the limits of human capability to win a gold medal at the Olympics. 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The giant panda 11 (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 12 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 13 (care) mother. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 14 (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 15 (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 16 it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 17 more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 18 (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 19 (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 20 it was also time for the young panda to be independent. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 非谓语动词之动词不定式 考点序号 考点聚焦 考点一 动词不定式的一般式 考点二 动词不定式的进行式 考点三 动词不定式的完成式 ( 脉 ｜ 络 ｜ 重 ｜ 构 ) 动词不定式 ├─ 一般式 (to do) │ ├─ 基本结构：to + 动词原形 │ ├─ 时态关系：动作与主句动作同时/之后发生 │ └─ 句法功能：作主、宾、表、定、状、补语 ├─ 进行式 (to be doing) │ ├─ 基本结构：to be + 现在分词 │ ├─ 时态关系：动作与主句动作同步进行 │ └─ 常用语境：表“此刻正在做某事” └─ 完成式 (to have done) ├─ 基本结构：to have + 过去分词 ├─ 时态关系：动作先于主句动作发生 └─ 高频搭配：wish/hope/regret/seem/claim等词后 ( 考 ｜ 点 ｜ 精 ｜ 讲 ) 考点一 一般式 【知识精讲】 1.基本结构 肯定形式：to + 动词原形；否定形式：not to + 动词原形 例：I want to learn English.（我想学英语。） He decided not to go out.（他决定不出去。） 2.时态含义 不定式动作与主句谓语动作同时发生，或发生在主句动作之后，是使用最广泛的形式。 3.六大句法功能 （1）作主语：表示具体、一次性的动作，常用it作形式主语。 例：To see is to believe.（眼见为实。） It is important to keep healthy.（保持健康很重要。） （2）作宾语：常跟在want, hope, decide, plan, refuse, try, learn等及物动词后。 例：She hopes to visit the museum.（她希望去参观博物馆。） （3）作表语：放在系动词后，解释主语的具体内容。 例：My dream is to become a doctor.（我的梦想是成为一名医生。） （4）作定语：放在名词后，表名词的用途、动作、将来动作。 例：I have a lot of homework to do.（我有很多作业要做。） （5）作状语：表目的、结果、原因。 表目的：He gets up early to catch the bus.（他早起赶公交。） 表结果：He woke up to find everyone gone.（他醒来发现所有人都走了。） （6）作宾语补足语： ①常规动词：ask, tell, allow, encourage, order 等 + sb. to do 例：My mother tells me to finish homework on time. ②易错点：使役动词（make, let, have）、感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice）主动语态中，省略 to；变为被动语态时，必须还原 to。 例：He made me laugh. → I was made to laugh. 4.记忆口诀 不定式表 “要去做、用来做”，主动省 to，被动必加 to；形式主语 it 来替代，句子结构更通顺。 【典例破题】 例题：The teacher asked the students ______ (finish) their homework before class.（用所给词适当形式填空） 【答案】to finish 【思路点拨】本题考查不定式作宾语补足语。固定搭配 ask sb. to do sth.（要求某人做某事），直接套用结构即可。 【方法提炼】熟记接不定式作宾补的高频动词，看到 ask/tell/allow/invite 等词，优先考虑 to do 结构。 【巩固提升】 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1.I want ______ (buy) a new pen. 2.It's necessary ______ (exercise) every day. 3.My father told me ______ (not play) computer games too long. 4.She plans ______ (travel) to Beijing this summer. 5.The boy was seen ______ (enter) the classroom just now. 6.We decide ______ (help) the old man carry heavy bags. 7.My wish is ______ (be) a volunteer. 8.He ran fast ______ (catch) the early bus. 【答案】 1.to buy 解析：want to do sth. 想要做某事，不定式作宾语。 2.to exercise 解析：It is + adj. + to do 固定句型，it 作形式主语。 3.not to play 解析：tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事，不定式否定式。 4.to travel 解析：plan to do sth. 计划做某事。 5.to enter 解析：感官动词被动语态，必须还原不定式符号 to。 6.to help 解析：decide to do sth. 决定做某事。 7.to be 解析：不定式作表语。 8.to catch 解析：不定式作目的状语。 考点二 进行式 【知识精讲】 1.基本结构 肯定形式：to be + 现在分词；否定形式：not to be doing 2.核心含义 强调不定式表示的动作，与主句谓语动作正在同时进行，侧重“此时此刻正在做某事”。 3.常用搭配与语境 多用于seem, appear, happen, pretend等动词之后，描述说话时正在发生的动作。 例：He seems to be reading a book.（他好像正在看书。） She pretended to be sleeping when I came in.（我进来时她假装正在睡觉。） 4.易混辨析 to do（一般式）：动作后发生/同时发生（侧重动作本身）； to be doing（进行式）：动作正在同步进行（强调进行状态）。 【典例破题】 例题：When I passed his room, he seemed ______ (study) hard.（用所给词适当形式填空） 【答案】to be studying 【思路点拨】时间状语 When I passed his room 表示过去某个时刻，他正在学习，动作同步进行，因此用不定式进行式。 【方法提炼】题干出现 “某个具体时间点”，强调动作正在进行，选用 to be doing。 【巩固提升】 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1.They appear ______ (talk) about something important now. 2.The little boy pretended ______ (cry) when his mother left. 3.He happened ______ (work) in the office at that time. 4.Don't disturb her. She seems ______ (write) a letter. 5.The students are said ______ (have) class now. 【答案】 1.to be talking 解析：now提示动作正在进行，用不定式进行式。 2.to be crying 解析：妈妈离开的那一刻，男孩假装正在哭，动作同步。 3.to be working 解析：at that time 强调过去某一时刻正在进行。 4.to be writing 解析：根据语境“别打扰她”，可知正在写信。 5.to be having 解析：now提示正在上课，用进行式。 考点三 完成式 【知识精讲】 1.基本结构 肯定形式：to have + 过去分词；否定形式：not to have done 2.核心含义 不定式动作发生在主句谓语动作之前，即“先做了某事，之后才有主句的动作/状态”，是高考高频易错点。 3.高频用法 （1）用于seem, appear, be said, be reported, be supposed等结构中 例：He is said to have lived abroad for 10 years.（据说他已经在国外生活十年了。） （2）用于hope, wish, regret, expect等动词后，表“后悔/遗憾/希望之前做了某事” 例：I regret to have told him the news.（我后悔告诉了他这个消息。） （3）用于would like/love后，表“原本想做但没做成” 例：I would love to have gone to the party, but I was busy.（我本想去派对，但是我太忙了。） 4.易错警示 区分三种形式时间逻辑： to do：动作在后/同时 to be doing：动作同步进行 to have done：动作先发生 【典例破题】 例题：The old man is believed ______ (work) in this factory for over 30 years.（用所给词适当形式填空） 【答案】to have worked 【思路点拨】“在工厂工作30多年”这个动作，发生在“人们认为”这个动作之前，且动作持续到现在，故用不定式完成式。 【方法提炼】句中出现时间段、完成语义，动作明显先于主句谓语，直接使用to have done。 【巩固提升】 用括号内动词的适当形式填空 1.She is said ______ (visit) many foreign countries. 2.I regret ______ (miss) the wonderful football match last night. 3.They seem ______ (finish) their tasks already. 4.He pretended ______ (know) me before, but we never met. 5.I would like ______ (see) the film yesterday, but I had no time. 【答案】 1.to have visited 解析：“游览多国”发生在“据说”之前，用完成式。 2.to have missed 解析：last night说明错过比赛是之前发生的动作。 3.to have finished 解析：already提示动作已经完成，先于主句动作。 4.to have known 解析：before强调动作发生在过去（之前就认识）。 5.to have seen 解析：yesterday以及“没时间”说明本想看但没看成，用完成式。 一、单项选择 1．（2025·天津·高考真题）________ the audience, the speaker prepared a detailed and engaging presentation. A．Impressing B．To impress C．Being impressed D．Impressed 【答案】B 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了给听众留下深刻印象，这位演讲者精心准备了一份详尽且引人入胜的演讲内容。“准备演示文稿”的目的是“为了给观众留下深刻印象”，不定式To impress表目的，符合语境。故选B。 2．（2024·天津·高考真题）From the first explorers to today's travelers, humans have always had a desire _________ new places. A．to discover B．to be discovering C．to be discovered D．to have discovered 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：从第一批探险者到今天的旅行者，人类一直抱有发现新领域的渴望。discover意为“发现”，与句子主语humans构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用to discover作desire的后置定语。故选A。 3．（2022·天津·高考真题）________ his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. A．To be kept B．Kept C．To keep D．Keeping 【答案】C 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动，James Naismith创造了篮球。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处意为“为了”表示目的，所以该处为不定式作目的状语,且keep与逻辑主语James Naismith之间为主动关系。故选C项。 4．（2021·天津·高考真题）Mary became a baker at age 14, because her grandfather paid the local baker ________ her all the skills. A．to have taught B．to teach C．teaching D．having taught 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词的固定结构。句意：玛丽在14岁时成为了一名面包师，因为她的祖父付钱给当地的面包师来教她所有的技能。短语pay sb. to do sth.，意为“雇佣某人做某事”，根据句意，故选B。 5．（2020·天津·高考真题）The local government doesn't have to sacrifice environmental protection ____________ economic growth. A．to be promoted B．being promoted C．promoting D．to promote 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：地方政府不必为了促进经济增长而牺牲环境保护。通过分析句子成分并翻译语境可知，句中存在谓语doesn't have to sacrifice，空中需使用非谓语动词且表示目的性关系，因此使用动词不定式形式。故选D项。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 6．（2015·湖北·高考真题）Many bad habits can be especially difficult to cure because they are likely (form)at a very young age. 【答案】to have been formed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意：许多坏习惯尤其难以治愈，因为它们很可能在很小的时候就形成了。 根据空格前are likely可知，此处考查sb. be likely to do(某人很有可能做)；根据句意及时间状语at a very young age可知，不定式部分用have done表示不定式动作已经发生；所填词form与其逻辑主语they之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填to have been formed。 7．（25-26高二上·广东深圳·开学考试）We need to (loose) the soil before we plant the seeds to ensure better root growth. 【答案】loosen 【详解】考查动词。句意：在播种前，我们需要疏松土壤，以确保根系更好地生长。空格前为情态动词“need to”，其后需接动词原形，loose是形容词，意为“松的；松散的”，其对应的动词形式是loosen，意为“（使）变松；疏松”。故填loosen。 8．（25-26高二上·山东烟台·开学考试）If you have any further requirements, please don’t hesitate (contact) us at any time. 【答案】to contact 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果您有任何进一步的要求，请随时联系我们，不必犹豫。contact为动词，意为“联系”，根据“hesitate to do sth.”意为“犹豫做某事”可知，此处应用动词不定式形式作宾语。故填to contact。 9．（21-22高二上·山东济南·阶段检测）It is indeed an honor for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine (spread) around the world. 【答案】to be spread 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的科学研究和中医药被传播到世界各地，这确实是一种荣誉。本句使用“It is + 名词 + for sth. to do sth.”的固定句型，It为形式主语，本空用不定式，作真正的主语；且“China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine”与spread“传播”之间是被动关系，用不定式的被动形式to be spread。故填to be spread。 10．（25-26高二上·福建漳州·开学考试）Olympic athletes attempt (challenge) the limits of human capability to win a gold medal at the Olympics. 【答案】to challenge 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：奥运选手们努力突破人类能力的极限，以期在奥运会上赢得金牌。短语attempt to do sth.表示“试图做某事”。故填to challenge。 三、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The giant panda 11 (love) by people throughout the world. Chinese scientists 12 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby. She was a very 13 (care) mother. For 25days, she never left her baby, not even to find something 14 (eat)! She would not let any other pandas come near. She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean. Any smell might attract natural 15 (enemy) that would try to eat the little comforting panda. The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 16 it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. The mother continued to care for the young panda 17 more than two years. By that time, the panda no longer needed 18 (it) mother for food. However, it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest. Then, after two and a half years, the mother 19 (drive) the young panda away. It was time for her to have a new baby, 20 it was also time for the young panda to be independent. 【答案】 11．is loved 12．recently 13．caring/careful 14．to eat 15．enemies 16．When/If 17．for   18．its   19．drove 20．and 【导语】文章是记叙文。主要讲述了中国科学家对大熊猫的观察和研究。 11．考查被动语态。句意：大熊猫深受全世界人民的喜爱。panda与love之间处于被动关系。根据题意和介词by，故填is loved。 12．考查副词。句意：中国科学家最近有机会研究一只野生雌性熊猫和一个刚出生的小熊猫。副词作状语。根据题意，故填recently。   13．考查形容词。句意：她是个非常细心的母亲。修饰名词mother且由副词very修饰用形容词。根据题意，故填caring/careful。 14．考查动词不定式。句意：25天来，她从未离开过她的孩子，甚至不去找吃的！动词不定式作定语修饰something。根据题意，故填to eat。 15．考查名词复数。句意：任何气味都会吸引那些试图去抓小熊猫的天敌。天敌不止一个，故应使用名词复数。根据题意，故填enemies。 16．考查状语从句。句意：当/如果小熊猫哭时，她来回摇晃着，轻轻拍小熊猫。when引导时间状语，或由if引导条件状语从句。根据题意，故填when/if。 17．考查介词。句意：这位母亲继续照顾这只小熊猫两年多。for+时间段（表示一段时间）。根据题意，故填for。 18．考查形容词性物主代词。句意：到那时，熊猫不再需要它的妈妈找来吃的。根据句意，修饰名词 mother用形容词性物主代词，故填its。 19．考查动词时态。句意：两年半后，母亲会把小熊猫赶走。文章使用一般过去时描述事情，根据题意，故填drove。 20．考查连词。句意：现在是她生孩子的时候了，也是小熊猫独立的时候了。前后为并列句，根据题意，故填and。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $