Unit1-Unit5词汇详解-2026-2027学年人教版九年级英语上册

本讲义是人教版九年级上册初中英语词汇资料，涵盖Unit 1至Unit 5的核心词汇，每个词汇从词性、词形变化、固定搭配到课文原句、翻译及例句系统解析，构建从基础用法到拓展应用的学习支架，帮助学生逐步掌握词汇在语境中的运用。 该资料特色在于结合课文原句强化语境理解，助力提升语言能力，通过易混词辨析（如inspiring与inspired）培养思维品质，提供抽认卡等学习策略增强学习能力。课中辅助教师系统讲解词汇，课后学生可借助例句和搭配复习巩固，有效查漏补缺。

人教版九年级上册 Unit 1A 词汇 1. bring about /brɪŋ əˈbaʊt/ 动词短语 带来；引起；促成；致使（重大变化） 词形变化：bring → brought → bringing 完整释义：引起；导致；带来（变化/结果） 固定搭配：bring about changes 带来变化；bring about development 带来发展 课文原句：What brings about changes? 翻译：是什么带来了变化？ 例句： a. The Internet has brought about great changes in our life. b. Technology brings about great progress in society. c. The new policy brought about rapid development. d. Hard work brings about good results. 2. rough /rʌf/ adj. 崎岖的；粗糙的；粗鲁的；艰难的；粗略的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：rougher；roughest；roughly（adv. 大致；粗略地） 完整释义：粗糙的；崎岖的；粗鲁的；艰难的；粗略的 固定搭配：rough road 崎岖道路；rough hands 粗糙的手；rough weather 恶劣天气 课文原句：When I was a child, the bus took nearly 40 minutes over rough roads to get to school. 翻译：小时候，公交车在崎岖的路上行驶近40分钟才能到校。 例句： a. The rough road made the trip uncomfortable. b. His hands are rough from hard work. c. He had a rough time last month. d. The rough sea made the boat shake. 3. be covered with 动词短语 被……覆盖 完整释义：被……覆盖（表状态） 固定搭配：be covered with 被覆盖；be covered by 被……覆盖（动作） 课文原句：They used to be covered with sand. 翻译：它们过去常常被沙子覆盖。 例句： a. The ground is covered with snow. b. The village was covered with fog this morning. c. After the sandstorm, fields were covered with sand. d. The table is covered with a cloth. 4. sandstorm /ˈsændstɔːm/ n. 沙尘暴 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：sandstorms（复数） 完整释义：沙尘暴 固定搭配：a sandstorm 沙尘暴；fight sandstorms 抵御沙尘暴 课文原句：There used to be sandstorms all the time. 翻译：过去一直有沙尘暴。 例句： a. Sandstorms often happen in spring. b. A strong sandstorm hit the city yesterday. c. We plant trees to prevent sandstorms. d. Sandstorms are bad for our health. 5. farmland /ˈfɑːmlænd/ n. 农田；耕地 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 完整释义：农田；耕地 固定搭配：protect farmland 保护农田 课文原句：The fields were getting smaller and smaller. 翻译：田地变得越来越小。 例句： a. We must protect our farmland. b. The rich farmland grows good crops. c. Sandstorms destroyed much farmland. d. We need more farmland to grow food. 6. shortage /ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/ n. 短缺；不足；匮乏 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：short（adj. 短的；短缺的） 完整释义：短缺；缺乏；匮乏 固定搭配：a shortage of ……短缺；water shortage 缺水 例句： a. There is a shortage of clean water here. b. Many animals died from food shortage. c. The city faces a serious housing shortage. d. We tried to solve the water shortage. 7. lack /læk/ v. 缺乏；缺少 n. 缺乏 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 完整释义：缺少；缺乏（v.）；缺乏（n.） 固定搭配：lack sth 缺少某物；lack of sth ……的缺乏 例句： a. Many areas lack clean water. b. Lack of sleep makes students tired. c. He doesn’t lack money but confidence. d. She lacks courage to speak in public. 8. bush /bʊʃ/ n. 灌木；灌木丛 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：bushes（复数） 完整释义：灌木；灌木丛 固定搭配：plant bushes 种灌木；hide in the bushes 躲在灌木丛 课文原句：We found a small bush with long roots. 翻译：我们发现一种长根的小灌木。 例句： a. Bushes help keep the soil. b. The cat hid in the bushes. c. We planted bushes along the road. d. There are green bushes in the park. 9. root /ruːt/ n. 根；根源 v. 扎根 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 完整释义：根；根部；根源；扎根 固定搭配：take root 生根；the root of the problem 问题根源 课文原句：It had long roots that could hold the soil together. 翻译：它有长根，可以固定土壤。 例句： a. Tree roots hold the soil. b. We must find the root of the problem. c. The small tree took root quickly. d. Our roots are deep in this land. 10. soil /sɔɪl/ n. 土壤；泥土 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 完整释义：土壤；土地 固定搭配：protect soil 保护土壤；fertile soil 肥沃土壤 课文原句：It had long roots that could hold the soil together. 翻译：它的长根能固定土壤。 例句： a. Plants grow well in good soil. b. We need to protect the soil. c. The soil here is very dry. d. Farmers need rich soil. 11. sandy /ˈsændi/ adj. 多沙的；沙质的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：sand（n. 沙子） 完整释义：多沙的；沙地的 固定搭配：sandy area 沙地；sandy beach 沙滩 课文原句：We began planting it in sandy areas. 翻译：我们开始在沙地种植。 例句： a. Sandy soil is not good for rice. b. We planted trees in sandy areas. c. Children like playing on sandy beaches. d. The road is sandy after wind. 12. government /ˈɡʌvənmənt/ n. 政府 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：govern（v. 统治；管理） 完整释义：政府；当局 固定搭配：local government 当地政府 课文原句：The government provided support too. 翻译：政府也提供了支持。 例句： a. The government helps poor areas. b. The government made new laws. c. Our government cares about people’s life. d. The government supports farmers. 13. support /səˈpɔːt/ v. 支持；赡养 n. 支持；帮助 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 完整释义：支持；拥护；赡养；支撑 固定搭配：support sb 支持某人；support a family 养家 课文原句：The government provided support too. 翻译：政府也提供了支持。 例句： a. My parents support my dream. b. He works hard to support his family. c. We get support from teachers. d. Your support helps me a lot. 14. corn /kɔːn/ n. 玉米；谷物 词性：名词 n. 完整释义：玉米；谷物 固定搭配：corn field 玉米地 课文原句：Have you seen the corn fields outside? 翻译：你见过外面的玉米地吗？ 例句： a. Farmers grow corn every year. b. The corn fields are golden in autumn. c. Corn is a very important crop. d. We eat corn as food. 15. high-tech /ˌhaɪ ˈtek/ adj. 高科技的 词性：形容词 adj. 完整释义：高科技的 固定搭配：high-tech farming 高科技农业 课文原句：Now I have large, high-tech greenhouses. 翻译：现在我有大型高科技温室。 例句： a. High-tech machines help farmers. b. High-tech farming is more efficient. c. We use high-tech products every day. d. China develops many high-tech industries. 16. greenhouse /ˈɡriːnhaus/ n. 温室；暖房 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：greenhouses（复数） 完整释义：温室；暖房；温室效应 固定搭配：greenhouse effect 温室效应 课文原句：Now I have large, high-tech greenhouses. 翻译：现在我有大型高科技温室。 例句： a. We grow vegetables in greenhouses. b. The greenhouse effect is a global problem. c. They built new greenhouses last year. d. Greenhouses keep plants warm in winter. 17. highway /ˈhaɪweɪ/ n. 公路；高速公路 词性：名词 n. 完整释义：公路；高速公路 固定搭配：on the highway 在高速公路上 课文原句：The new highway helped a lot. 翻译：新公路帮了大忙。 例句： a. The highway connects two cities. b. Many cars run on the highway. c. The new highway makes trips faster. d. A new highway will be built here. 18. railway /ˈreɪlweɪ/ n. 铁路；铁道 词性：名词 n. 完整释义：铁路；铁道 固定搭配：railway station 火车站 课文原句：The new railway helped a lot. 翻译：新铁路帮了大忙。 例句： a. The railway connects the two cities. b. The new railway changes our life. c. Many people travel by railway. d. The railway runs through mountains. 19. attraction /əˈtrækʃn/ n. 景点；吸引力 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：attract（v. 吸引）；attractive（adj. 有吸引力的） 完整释义：吸引力；景点；吸引人的事物 固定搭配：tourist attraction 旅游景点 课文原句：Our village has become a tourist attraction. 翻译：我们村成了旅游景点。 例句： a. The lake is a famous attraction. b. Beijing has many tourist attractions. c. The city’s attraction draws visitors. d. The park is full of attractions. 20. product /ˈprɒdʌkt/ n. 产品；制品 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：produce（v. 生产）；production（n. 生产） 完整释义：产品；产物；结果 固定搭配：farm product 农产品 课文原句：We sell products online. 翻译：我们在网上卖产品。 例句： a. Local products sell well online. b. The company sells many products. c. We should buy safe products. d. New products come out every year. 21. greatly /ˈɡreɪtli/ adv. 极大地；非常 词性：副词 adv. 词形变化：great（adj. 巨大的） 完整释义：极大地；大大地；非常 固定搭配：greatly improve 大大改善 课文原句：Have these changes greatly improved your lives? 翻译：这些变化极大改善了你们的生活吗？ 例句： a. Our life has greatly changed. b. The village has greatly improved. c. Travel greatly opens our eyes. d. His help greatly influenced me. 22. socialist /ˈsəʊʃəlɪst/ adj. 社会主义的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：socialism（n. 社会主义） 完整释义：社会主义的 固定搭配：socialist countryside 社会主义新农村 课文原句：You are building a new socialist village. 翻译：你们正在建设社会主义新农村。 例句： a. We are building a new socialist countryside. b. China is a great socialist country. c. We love our socialist country. 23. e-payment /iː ˈpeɪmənt/ n. 电子支付 词性：名词 n. 完整释义：电子支付 固定搭配：use e-payment 使用电子支付 例句： a. E-payment is popular in China. b. More people use e-payment for shopping. c. E-payment makes life convenient. d. We can pay by e-payment everywhere. 24. housing /ˈhaʊzɪŋ/ n. 住房；住宅 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：house（n. 房子） 完整释义：住房；住宅；房屋供给 固定搭配：housing condition 住房条件 例句： a. People’s housing is better now. b. The government solves housing problems. c. Good housing makes life comfortable. d. Housing is important for us. 25. digital /ˈdɪdʒɪtl/ adj. 数字的；电子的 词性：形容词 adj. 完整释义：数字的；数码的；电子的 固定搭配：digital book 电子书；digital technology 数字技术 课文原句：I read digital books on the computer. 翻译：我在电脑上看电子书。 例句： a. Many students like digital reading. b. Digital technology changes our life. c. We take digital photos with phones. d. Digital teaching is useful. 26. audio /ˈɔːdiəʊ/ adj. 音频的；有声的 词性：形容词 adj. 完整释义：音频的；声音的；有声的 固定搭配：audio book 有声书 课文原句：My grandpa listens to audio books. 翻译：我爷爷听有声书。 例句： a. Audio books are good for the old. b. We learn English by audio materials. c. This app has many audio stories. d. People listen to audio books on the way. 27. dirt /dɜːt/ n. 尘土；污物；泥土 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：dirty（adj. 脏的） 完整释义：尘土；污垢；泥土 固定搭配：brush off dirt 扫去灰尘 例句： a. Wind blows dirt everywhere. b. He brushed dirt off his clothes. c. The road was full of dirt before. d. Don’t touch eyes with dirty hands. 28. track /træk/ n. 小路；轨道；轨迹 v. 追踪 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 完整释义：小路；轨道；追踪；跟踪 固定搭配：dirt track 泥土路；railway track 铁轨 课文原句：Most roads were just dirt tracks. 翻译：以前大多数路只是泥土小道。 例句： a. They walked along a mountain track. b. The dirt tracks became wide roads. c. The train runs on steel tracks. d. Police track the lost children. 29. wide /waɪd/ adj. 宽的；广泛的 adv. 充分地 词性：形容词 adj. / 副词 adv. 词形变化：wider；widest；width（n. 宽度） 完整释义：宽的；广泛的；宽阔的 固定搭配：wide road 宽阔道路 课文原句：It built many wide roads. 翻译：它修建了许多宽阔的道路。 例句： a. The road is much wider now. b. The river is 100 meters wide. c. He opened his eyes wide. d. We need wide and safe roads. Unit 1B 词汇 30. link /lɪŋk/ v. 连接；联系 n. 连接；关系 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 完整释义：连接；联系；关联；纽带 固定搭配：link A with B 把A和B连接起来 例句： a. The bridge links the village and town. b. The railway links two cities. c. The Internet links people worldwide. d. We keep a link between school and family. 31. port /pɔːt/ n. 港口；码头；口岸 词性：名词 n. 完整释义：港口；码头；口岸 固定搭配：main port 主要港口 课文原句：Mombasa is Kenya’s main port. 翻译：蒙巴萨是肯尼亚主要港口。 例句： a. Ships stop at the port. b. Shanghai is a big port. c. The port is important for trade. d. A new port will be built. 32. capital /ˈkæpɪtl/ n. 首都；首府；资本；大写字母 词性：名词 n. 完整释义：首都；首府；资本；大写字母 固定搭配：the capital of ……的首都 课文原句：Nairobi is Kenya’s capital. 翻译：内罗毕是肯尼亚首都。 例句： a. Beijing is the capital of China. b. Paris is the capital of France. c. The capital city is beautiful. d. Please write in capital letters. 33. Kenyan /ˈkenjən/ n. 肯尼亚人 adj. 肯尼亚的 词性：名词 n. / 形容词 adj. 完整释义：肯尼亚人；肯尼亚的 固定搭配：local Kenyan 当地肯尼亚人 课文原句：Local Kenyans benefited a lot. 翻译：当地肯尼亚人获益很多。 例句： a. Many Kenyans live a better life. b. Local Kenyans thank Chinese help. c. The railway helps poor Kenyans. 34. benefit /ˈbenɪfɪt/ v. 获益；有益于 n. 益处；好处 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 词形变化：beneficial（adj. 有益的） 完整释义：获益；对…有益；好处；福利 固定搭配：benefit from 从……获益；be beneficial to 对……有益 课文原句：Local Kenyans benefited a lot from the railway. 翻译：肯尼亚当地人从铁路获益很多。 例句： a. We benefit from good education. b. The project benefits many people. c. Reading is beneficial to our mind. d. Fresh air benefits our health. 35. be happy with 对……满意；高兴 词性：短语 完整释义：对……满意；满足 课文原句：I’m happy with the new railway. 翻译：我对新铁路很满意。 例句： a. She is happy with her new house. b. Villagers are happy with the changes. c. Are you happy with your progress? d. We are happy with our life. 36. convenient /kənˈviːniənt/ adj. 方便的；便捷的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：convenience（n. 方便） 完整释义：方便的；便利的；省事的 固定搭配：It is convenient to do 做某事很方便 课文原句：It is very convenient. 翻译：非常方便。 例句： a. Subways make life convenient. b. It is convenient to shop online. c. Living near a supermarket is convenient. d. The new bus stop is convenient. 37. business /ˈbɪznəs/ n. 生意；商业；公事；事务 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：businessman（n. 商人） 完整释义：生意；商业；公事；事务 固定搭配：do business 做生意；on business 出差 课文原句：Make business deals with ease. 翻译：轻松做生意。 例句： a. Good traffic helps people do business. b. He went to Beijing on business. c. Small businesses are important. d. They do business easily now. 38. ease /iːz/ n. 轻松；容易；舒适 v. 缓解；减轻 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：easy（adj.）；easily（adv.） 完整释义：轻松；容易；舒适；缓解；减轻 固定搭配：with ease 轻松地；ease pain 止痛 课文原句：Make business deals with ease. 翻译：轻松达成交易。 例句： a. He finished the work with ease. b. She passed the exam with ease. c. The medicine can ease pain. d. We live with ease and happiness. 39. worry /ˈwʌri/ v. 担心；担忧 n. 烦恼；忧虑 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 词形变化：worried（adj. 担心的） 完整释义：担心；担忧；烦恼；焦虑 固定搭配：worry about 担心；be worried about 担忧 例句： a. Don’t worry about me. b. She is worried about her grandma. c. Too much worry is bad for health. d. We have nothing to worry about. 40. lorry /ˈlɒri/ n. 卡车；货车 词性：名词 n.（可数） 完整释义：卡车；货车（英式） 固定搭配：by lorry 乘货车 课文原句：Food used to take hundreds of lorries. 翻译：以前运送食物需要几百辆卡车。 例句： a. The lorry carries vegetables every day. b. They sent goods by lorry. c. A big lorry stopped just now. d. Lorries carry daily supplies. 41. manager /ˈmænɪdʒə(r)/ n. 经理；管理者 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：manage（v. 管理；设法做到） 完整释义：经理；管理者；经营者 固定搭配：supermarket manager 超市经理 课文原句：A supermarket manager said. 翻译：一位超市经理说。 例句： a. The manager is kind to workers. b. He has been a manager for 10 years. c. The manager asks us to work hard. d. She wants to be a manager. 42. conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 结论；总结 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：conclude（v. 总结；断定） 完整释义：结论；总结；结束 固定搭配：in conclusion 总之；draw a conclusion 得出结论 例句： a. In conclusion, we must protect nature. b. We can draw a conclusion from the story. c. Please write a conclusion. d. The conclusion is very important. 43. narrow /ˈnærəʊ/ adj. 狭窄的；有限的 v. 变窄；缩小 词性：形容词 adj. / 动词 v. 完整释义：狭窄的；有限的；缩小；收窄 固定搭配：narrow road 狭窄道路；narrow the gap 缩小差距 例句： a. The old road is narrow. b. They walked along a narrow path. c. We should narrow the gap. d. The river becomes narrow here. 44. villager /ˈvɪlɪdʒə(r)/ n. 村民 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：village（n. 村庄）；villagers（复数） 完整释义：村民；乡下人 固定搭配：local villager 当地村民 课文原句：A reporter interviewed two villagers. 翻译：记者采访了两位村民。 例句： a. Villagers live a happy life. b. Villagers love their hometown. c. Many villagers moved to cities. d. Villagers help each other. 45. the Olympics 奥林匹克运动会 词性：专有名词 词形变化：Olympic（adj. 奥林匹克的） 完整释义：奥运会；奥林匹克运动会 固定搭配：the Olympic Games 奥运会 例句： a. The Olympics are held every 4 years. b. Beijing held the 2008 Olympics. c. Players dream of the Olympics. d. The Olympics bring nations together. 46. lead /liːd/ v. 带领；领导；致使；过（生活） 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：led（过去式/过去分词）；leader（n. 领导） 完整释义：带领；领导；导致；过（…生活） 固定搭配：lead to 导致；lead a … life 过……生活 例句： a. Hard work leads to success. b. Carelessness leads to failure. c. We lead a happy life now. d. The road leads to the mountain. 47. man-made /ˌmæn ˈmeɪd/ adj. 人造的；人工的 词性：形容词 adj. 完整释义：人造的；人工的；人为的 固定搭配：man-made forest 人工林 课文原句：The world’s biggest man-made forest. 翻译：世界最大的人工林。 例句： a. Saihanba is a man-made forest. b. It is a great man-made wonder. c. The man-made lake is beautiful. d. This is a man-made satellite. 48. miracle /ˈmɪrəkl/ n. 奇迹；奇事 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：miraculous（adj. 奇迹般的） 完整释义：奇迹；奇观；惊人的事 固定搭配：work miracle 创造奇迹 课文原句：Saihanba is known as “the green miracle”. 翻译：塞罕坝被誉为“绿色奇迹”。 例句： a. The great change is a miracle. b. People call it a green miracle. c. We can create miracles. d. It is a miracle that he survived. 49. junior /ˈdʒuːniə(r)/ adj. 初级的；低年级的 词性：形容词 adj. 完整释义：初级的；低年级的；年少的 固定搭配：junior high school 初中 课文原句：My junior high school is far from home. 翻译：我的初中离家很远。 例句： a. She is a junior high student. b. I studied hard in junior high. c. Junior students need good habits. d. He joined the junior basketball team. 50. flat /flæt/ n. 公寓；套房 adj. 平坦的；扁平的 词性：名词 n. / 形容词 adj. 完整释义：公寓（英式）；平坦的；扁平的 固定搭配：live in a flat 住公寓 课文原句：My family used to live in a small flat. 翻译：我们家以前住在小公寓里。 例句： a. We live in a new flat now. b. People in cities live in flats. c. They live in a small flat. d. The road is flat and wide. 51. discussion /dɪˈskʌʃn/ n. 讨论；商讨 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：discuss（v. 讨论） 完整释义：讨论；议论；商讨 固定搭配：have a discussion 进行讨论 课文原句：We often attend group discussions. 翻译：我们经常参加小组讨论。 例句： a. We have a discussion after class. b. Let’s have a discussion about the plan. c. Group discussions help us learn. d. They discuss how to protect the earth. 52. aspect /ˈæspekt/ n. 方面；层面 词性：名词 n. 完整释义：方面；层面；外观 固定搭配：in many aspects 在许多方面 例句： a. Changes influence life in many aspects. b. Think about every aspect before deciding. c. The plan covers all aspects. d. We love our town in every aspect. 53. Mombasa /mɒmˈbæsə/ n. 蒙巴萨（港口） 词性：专有名词 完整释义：蒙巴萨（肯尼亚港市） 课文原句：Mombasa is Kenya’s main port. 翻译：蒙巴萨是肯尼亚主要港口。 例句： a. Mombasa is an important port. b. The railway connects Mombasa and Nairobi. c. Mombasa plays a key role in trade. 人教版九年级上册 Unit 2A 词汇 1. inspiring /ɪnˈspaɪərɪŋ/ adj. 鼓舞人心的；激励的；有启发性的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：inspire（v. 激励；赋予灵感）；inspiration（n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事）；inspired（adj. 受鼓舞的；有灵感的） 完整释义拓展：adj. 鼓舞人心的；催人奋进的；富有启发性的 固定搭配：an inspiring speech/story 鼓舞人心的演讲/故事；inspiring news 振奋人心的消息 易混辨析：inspiring（主语多为事物，令人鼓舞的）；inspired（主语多为人，感到受鼓舞的） 课文原句：Who inspires you? 翻译：谁激励着你？ 例句： a. The speech is very inspiring. b. This is an inspiring story about a great scientist. c. The inspiring movie made all of us full of hope. d. His inspiring words encouraged me to keep trying. 2. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ v. 钦佩；赞赏；仰慕 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：admired（过去式/过去分词）；admiration（n. 钦佩；赞赏）；admirable（adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞美的） 完整释义拓展：v. 钦佩；仰慕；欣赏（风景、才华） 固定搭配：admire sb. for sth. 因某事钦佩某人；look up to sb. 仰慕/钦佩某人；admire the view 欣赏景色 课文原句：Who is the person you admire the most? 翻译：你最钦佩的人是谁？ 例句： a. I admire Yuan Longping very much. b. We all admire his courage and kindness. c. I really admire him for his hard work and success. d. Many students admire the hero from the bottom of their hearts. 3. historian /hɪˈstɔːriən/ n. 历史学家 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：history（n. 历史；历史学）；historical（adj. 历史的）；historic（adj. 有历史意义的） 完整释义拓展：n. 历史学家；史学研究者 固定搭配：a famous historian 著名历史学家；a professional historian 专业史学研究者 易混辨析：historical 与历史相关的；historic 具有重大历史意义的 课文原句： 翻译： 例句： a. The historian wrote a book about ancient China. b. The historian spent many years studying old stories. c. My uncle wants to be a historian in the future. d. The book was written by a great Chinese historian. 4. researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃə(r)/ n. 研究人员；研究者 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：research（v./n. 研究；调研）；research-based（adj. 以研究为基础的） 完整释义拓展：n. 研究员；科研人员；调查者 固定搭配：do research 做研究；do research on sth. 对……进行研究；a medical researcher 医学研究者；carry out research 开展研究 课文原句：Yuan Longping also trained many people to do research on farming. 翻译：袁隆平还培养了许多人从事农业研究。 例句： a. The researcher found a new plant species. b. He works as a researcher in a big lab. c. The researchers are trying to find a new way. d. She wants to be a researcher and help more people. 5. chemist /ˈkemɪst/ n. 化学家 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：chemistry（n. 化学）；chemical（adj. 化学的 n. 化学制品） 完整释义拓展：n. 化学家；（英式）药剂师，药店店主 固定搭配：a famous chemist 著名化学家；a chemist’s shop （英）药店 课文原句：Marie Curie, a great scientist. She made many important discoveries in physics and chemistry. 翻译：居里夫人是一位伟大的科学家，她在物理和化学领域做出了许多重要发现。 例句： a. The chemist won the Nobel Prize. b. She wants to be a chemist when she grows up. c. My aunt is a chemist and works in a university. d. The chemist did lots of useful experiments. 6. physicist /ˈfɪzɪsɪst/ n. 物理学家 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：physics（n. 物理；物理学）；physical（adj. 物理的；身体的）；physician（n. 内科医生） 完整释义拓展：n. 物理学家；物理学者 固定搭配：a great physicist 伟大的物理学家；a nuclear physicist 核物理学家 易混辨析：physicist 物理学家；physician 内科医生；surgeon 外科医生 课文原句：Michael Faraday did scientific research in physics and chemistry. 翻译：法拉第在物理和化学领域进行了科学研究。 例句： a. Newton is a famous physicist. b. He is a world-famous physicist. c. The physicist changed the way we see the world. d. I want to learn physics and become a physicist. 7. hunger /hʌŋɡə(r)/ n. 饥饿；渴望 词性：名词 n.（不可数）；v. 渴望 词形变化：hungry（adj. 饥饿的） 完整释义拓展：n. 饥饿；渴求 v. 渴望，渴求 固定搭配：reduce hunger 减少饥饿；die of hunger 死于饥饿；hunger for sth. 渴望某物 课文原句：develop a new kind of rice and help reduce hunger 翻译：培育新型水稻，帮助减少饥饿 例句： a. The new rice helps many people fight hunger. b. The poor child died of hunger many years ago. c. We should try our best to stop hunger in the world. d. He has a strong hunger for knowledge. 8. chemistry /ˈkemɪstri/ n. 化学（学科） 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：chemist（n. 化学家）；chemical（adj. 化学的 n. 化学品） 完整释义拓展：n. 化学；化学物质 固定搭配：learn chemistry 学化学；a chemistry teacher 化学老师 课文原句：Marie Curie made many important discoveries in physics and chemistry. 翻译：居里夫人在物理和化学领域做出了许多重要发现。 例句： a. My favourite subject is chemistry. b. She is good at chemistry and maths. c. Chemistry is difficult but very interesting. d. He decided to study chemistry at university. 9. drop out (of sth) 动词短语 辍学；退出 词性：动词短语 词形变化：drop → dropped（过去式/过去分词）→ dropping（现在分词） 完整释义拓展：退出（活动、组织、比赛）；辍学 固定搭配：drop out of school 辍学；drop out of the race/competition 退出比赛 课文原句：Michael Faraday dropped out of school at an early age. 翻译：法拉第早年就辍学了。 例句： a. He dropped out of school because of poverty. b. He dropped out of college to help his family. c. She didn’t drop out of school; she studied hard instead. d. The boy had to drop out of school because of illness. 10. calendar /ˈkælɪndə(r)/ n. 日历；历法 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：calendars（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 日历；月历；历法 固定搭配：the Chinese calendar 中国历法；a wall calendar 挂历；lunar calendar 阴历 课文原句：He also played a big part in reviewing the Chinese calendar at that time. 翻译：他还在当时修订中国历法中发挥了重要作用。 例句： a. The calendar shows today’s date. b. He helped review and improve the Chinese calendar. c. The old calendar is very different from today’s. d. We can know important days from the calendar. 11. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现；被发现的事物 词性：名词 n.（可数/不可数） 词形变化：discover（v. 发现）；discoveries（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 发现；发觉；新发现的事物 固定搭配：make a discovery 做出发现；an important discovery 重要发现；scientific discovery 科学发现 课文原句：She made many important discoveries in physics and chemistry. 翻译：她在物理和化学领域做出了许多重要发现。 例句： a. The discovery of new medicine saved many lives. b. The discovery of electricity changed the world. c. They made a great discovery in science last year. d. The new discovery surprised all the people. 12. century /ˈsentʃəri/ n. 世纪；百年 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：centuries（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 世纪；一百年 固定搭配：the 20th century 20世纪；in the past century 在过去一个世纪；centuries ago 数百年前 课文原句：He was an important engineer in the 19th century. 翻译：他是19世纪一位重要的工程师。 例句： a. The building was built in the 19th century. b. This happened in the 19th century. c. Great changes took place in the past century. d. He lived in the century before last. 13. wounded /ˈwuːndɪd/ adj. 受伤的；负伤的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：wound（n. 伤口 v. 使受伤） 完整释义拓展：adj. （战斗、事故中）受伤的 n. 伤员（the wounded 表复数概念） 固定搭配：wounded soldiers 受伤的士兵；the wounded 全体伤员 课文原句：Florence Nightingale helped the wounded soldiers a lot. 翻译：弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔帮助了很多受伤的士兵。 例句： a. The nurse took good care of the wounded soldiers. b. The wounded soldiers were sent to the hospital quickly. c. She tried her best to help the wounded people. d. The doctor saved many wounded lives in the war. 14. soldier /ˈsəʊldʒə(r)/ n. 士兵；军人 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：soldiers（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 士兵；战士；军人 固定搭配：a brave soldier 勇敢的士兵；wounded soldiers 受伤的士兵；an army soldier 陆军士兵 课文原句：Florence Nightingale helped the wounded soldiers a lot. 翻译：弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔帮助了很多受伤的士兵。 例句： a. Many soldiers fought bravely in the war. b. The soldiers were praised for their courage. c. He wants to be a soldier and protect our country. d. The soldiers helped people out of danger. 15. British /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ adj. 英国的；英国人的 n. 英国人 词性：形容词 adj. / 名词 n. 词形变化：Britain（n. 英国） 完整释义拓展：adj. 英国的；大不列颠的 n. 英国人（总称） 固定搭配：British people 英国人；British government 英国政府；British culture 英国文化 课文原句：He built the first British railways. 翻译：他修建了英国第一条铁路。 例句： a. He is a British engineer. b. He works for a British company in Beijing. c. The British writer wrote many great stories. d. She has a few British friends in her school. 16. airway /ˈeəweɪ/ n. 航线；航路 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：airways（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 航空线；空中航道；气道 固定搭配：international airways 国际航线；domestic airways 国内航线 课文原句： 翻译： 例句： a. The new airway connects the two cities. b. More international airways are open now. c. The airway makes the trip much faster and easier. 17. nation /ˈneɪʃn/ n. 国家；民族 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：national（adj. 国家的；民族的）；nationality（n. 国籍） 完整释义拓展：n. 国家；民族；国民 固定搭配：a modern nation 现代化国家；the whole nation 全国人民；one nation 一个民族 课文原句：All these helped the UK develop into a modern nation. 翻译：所有这些都帮助英国发展成为一个现代化国家。 例句： a. The whole nation celebrated the victory. b. China is a great nation with a long history. c. The whole nation was full of joy and hope. d. We love our nation and our people. 18. spread /spred/ v. 传播；扩散；蔓延 n. 传播 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 词形变化：spread（过去式/过去分词）；spreading（现在分词） 完整释义拓展：v. 传播；扩散；铺开；流传 n. 传播；蔓延 固定搭配：spread diseases 传播疾病；spread the news 传播消息；the spread of ……的传播 课文原句：We should do something to stop the spread of diseases. 翻译：我们应该做些事情来阻止疾病的传播。 例句： a. The virus spread quickly in the area. b. The disease spread to many countries last year. c. We must stop the spread of the bad news. d. The fire spread fast because of the strong wind. 19. disease /dɪˈziːz/ n. 疾病 词性：名词 n.（可数/不可数） 词形变化：diseased（adj. 患病的；病态的） 完整释义拓展：n. 疾病；弊病 固定搭配：prevent diseases 预防疾病；infectious diseases 传染病；fight against disease 对抗疾病 课文原句：We should do something to stop the spread of diseases. 翻译：我们应该做些事情来阻止疾病的传播。 例句： a. Clean water helps prevent diseases. b. The disease spread quickly in the small town. c. We should learn to keep away from diseases. d. The doctor found a new way to fight the disease. 20. pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə(r)/ n. 先驱；先锋；开拓者 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：pioneering（adj. 开创性的；先驱的） 完整释义拓展：n. 先驱；开拓者；带头人 v. 开创；倡导 固定搭配：a pioneer of ……的先驱；pioneer work 开创性工作 课文原句：He was a pioneer of computer science. 翻译：他是计算机科学的先驱。 例句： a. Alan Turing is a pioneer of computer science. b. He is a pioneer in the field of AI. c. Yuan Longping is a pioneer of hybrid rice. d. The pioneer did many difficult jobs for us. 21. admirable /ˈædmərəbl/ adj. 令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：admire（v. 钦佩）；admiration（n. 钦佩）；admirably（adv. 令人钦佩地） 完整释义拓展：adj. 令人敬佩的；出色的 固定搭配：an admirable person 令人钦佩的人；admirable qualities 优秀的品质 课文原句：His hard work and kind heart are really admirable. 翻译：他的努力和善良的心真的令人钦佩。 例句： a. Her courage is very admirable. b. It is admirable of her to help the poor. c. His hard work and kindness are really admirable. d. We all like her because she has many admirable qualities. 22. pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n. 金字塔；棱锥体 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：pyramids（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 金字塔；角锥体 固定搭配：the Great Pyramid 大金字塔；the glass pyramid 玻璃金字塔 课文原句：Did he design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum? 翻译：他设计了卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔吗？ 例句： a. The pyramids are famous in Egypt. b. The Pyramids in Egypt are great wonders of the world. c. Many visitors come to see the glass pyramid every year. 23. balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡 v. 使平衡；权衡 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：balanced（adj. 平衡的；均衡的） 完整释义拓展：n. 平衡；均衡；余额 v. 平衡；权衡；结算 固定搭配：keep balance 保持平衡；create a balance between A and B 在A和B间创造平衡；balance A and B 平衡A与B；a balanced diet 均衡饮食 课文原句：He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West. 翻译：他在东西方之间创造了一种完美的平衡。 例句： a. It’s important to balance work and life. b. He tried to keep his balance on the ice. c. We should learn to balance study and rest. d. A balanced diet is very important for our health. 24. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气；勇敢 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：courageous（adj. 勇敢的）；encourage（v. 鼓励） 完整释义拓展：n. 勇气；胆量 固定搭配：have the courage to do sth. 有勇气做某事；be full of courage 充满勇气；lose courage 失去勇气 课文原句：She is full of courage and wisdom. 翻译：她充满勇气和智慧。 例句： a. It takes courage to face difficulties. b. She showed great courage in the face of danger. c. He didn’t have the courage to tell the truth. d. We need courage to achieve our dreams. 25. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；学问 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：wise（adj. 明智的）；wisely（adv. 明智地） 完整释义拓展：n. 智慧；才智；学识 固定搭配：full of wisdom 充满智慧；the wisdom of ……的智慧；ancient wisdom 古人的智慧 课文原句：She is full of courage and wisdom. 翻译：她充满勇气和智慧。 例句： a. The old man shared his wisdom with us. b. He is known for his wisdom and kindness. c. We can learn much wisdom from old stories. d. Her words are full of experience and wisdom. 26. look up to sb 动词短语 钦佩；仰慕某人 词性：动词短语 完整释义拓展：敬仰；敬重 固定搭配：look up to sb. 钦佩某人；look down on sb. 轻视某人（反义短语） 课文原句：Who do you look up to? 翻译：你仰慕谁？ 例句： a. I look up to my teacher very much. b. Students look up to their heroes and stars. c. I really look up to those who help others. d. We should look up to people with good qualities. 27. inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ n. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事物 词性：名词 n.（可数/不可数） 词形变化：inspire（v. 激励）；inspiring（adj. 鼓舞人心的） 完整释义拓展：n. 灵感；启发；励志人物/事物 固定搭配：a source of inspiration 灵感来源；give sb. inspiration 给某人灵感 课文原句：My biggest inspiration is not a famous person. 翻译：我最大的鼓舞并非来自名人。 例句： a. The beautiful sights gave him inspiration. b. Her story is an inspiration to many young people. c. Nature is always the best inspiration for artists. d. The teacher has been an inspiration to me. 28. brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 v. 勇敢面对 词性：形容词 adj. / 动词 v. 词形变化：bravely（adv. 勇敢地）；bravery（n. 勇敢） 完整释义拓展：adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 v. 勇于面对；冒着（风雨、危险） 固定搭配：be brave to do sth. 勇敢做某事；brave the cold/wind 不畏严寒/狂风 课文原句：It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. 翻译：对他来说，克服严寒和高海拔是非常困难的。 例句： a. He is brave enough to face the challenge. b. It was brave of her to save the little boy. c. We should be brave when we meet difficulties. d. The brave fireman saved many people’s lives. 29. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的；必需的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：necessarily（adv. 必要地）；necessity（n. 必需品；必要性） 完整释义拓展：adj. 必要的；必不可少的；必然的 固定搭配：It is necessary (for sb.) to do sth. （对某人来说）做某事是必要的；daily necessities 日用品 课文原句：It is necessary for us to learn to face difficulties. 翻译：对我们来说，学会面对困难是必要的。 例句： a. It is necessary to learn English well. b. It is necessary to wear a seatbelt in the car. c. Enough sleep is necessary for our health. d. It’s necessary for us to keep the classroom clean. 30. seed /siːd/ n. 种子 v. 播种 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：seeds（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 种子；籽 v. 播种；结籽 固定搭配：plant seeds 播种；collect seeds 收集种子；seed bank 种子库 课文原句：the well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds 翻译：这位备受尊敬的生物学家毕生致力于研究植物和种子。 例句： a. The seeds grow into plants in spring. b. He collected many different plant seeds. c. Farmers plant seeds in spring and get food in autumn. d. The seeds can grow into big and strong plants. 31. childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年；孩童时期 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：child（n. 孩子）；childish（adj. 孩子气的） 完整释义拓展：n. 童年；幼年时代 固定搭配：in one’s childhood 在某人童年时期；childhood memories 童年回忆 课文原句：His childhood dream was to become a space scientist. 翻译：他童年的梦想是成为一名太空科学家。 例句： a. He had a happy childhood in the countryside. b. He lived in the countryside in his childhood. c. She often thinks of her sweet childhood memories. d. My childhood was simple but very happy. 32. come true 动词短语 （梦想）实现；成为现实 词性：动词短语 完整释义拓展：（愿望、梦想）成真，无被动语态 固定搭配：make one’s dream come true 使梦想成真 课文原句：His childhood dream of becoming a space scientist came true at last. 翻译：他成为太空科学家的童年梦想终于实现了。 例句： a. My dream of becoming a teacher came true at last. b. His dream of becoming a doctor finally came true. c. Work hard, and your dream will come true. d. She tried her best to make her dream come true. 33. dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti/ n. 朝代；王朝 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：dynasties（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 朝代；王朝 固定搭配：the Han Dynasty 汉朝；the Ming Dynasty 明朝；the Tang Dynasty 唐朝 课文原句：Mozi lived in an ancient dynasty of China. 翻译：墨子生活在中国古代的一个朝代。 例句： a. The Great Wall was built in the Ming Dynasty. b. The Silk Road started in the Han Dynasty. c. Many great poets lived in the Tang Dynasty. d. The dynasty lasted for more than 300 years. 34. western /ˈwestən/ adj. 西方的；西部的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：west（n. 西方/西部） 完整释义拓展：adj. 西方的；西部的；西式的 固定搭配：western countries 西方国家；the western part 西部；western food 西餐 课文原句：He brought new ideas from the western areas. 翻译：他从西部地区带来了新的思想。 例句： a. The book talks about western history and culture. b. He travelled to the western part of China last year. c. More and more people like western food. d. The western area of our country is very beautiful. Unit 2B 词汇 35. scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学的；科学上的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：science（n. 科学）；scientist（n. 科学家）；scientifically（adv. 科学地） 完整释义拓展：adj. 科学的；符合科学规律的 固定搭配：scientific research 科学研究；scientific methods 科学方法；scientific knowledge 科学知识 课文原句：Michael Faraday did scientific research in physics and chemistry. 翻译：迈克尔·法拉第在物理和化学领域进行科学研究。 例句： a. The study is based on scientific evidence. b. He is doing scientific research in the lab. c. We should use scientific ways to solve problems. d. The new report is full of scientific facts. 36. biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：biology（n. 生物学）；biological（adj. 生物的） 完整释义拓展：n. 生物学家；生物学者 固定搭配：a famous biologist 著名生物学家；a marine biologist 海洋生物学家 课文原句：The well-respected biologist spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. 翻译：这位备受尊敬的生物学家毕生研究植物和种子。 例句： a. The biologist discovered a new species. b. She wants to be a biologist and study plants. c. The biologist gave us a talk about nature. d. The great biologist helped us know more about plants. 37. whole /həʊl/ adj. 整个的；全部的；所有的 词性：形容词 adj. 完整释义拓展：adj. 全部的；完整的；整个的 n. 整体；全部 固定搭配：the whole life 一生；the whole world 全世界；the whole class 全班；as a whole 总体来看 课文原句：He spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. 翻译：他毕生研究植物和种子。 例句： a. He spent his whole life helping others. b. He read the whole book in only one day. c. The whole family was happy to hear the good news. d. She devoted her whole life to teaching. 38. bank /bæŋk/ n. 银行；库；堤岸 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：banks（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 银行；（资源、数据）库；河岸；堤岸 固定搭配：a seed bank 种子库；a bank account 银行账户；the bank of the river 河岸 课文原句：He collected many seeds for China’s seed banks. 翻译：他为中国的种子库收集了许多种子。 例句： a. The seed bank protects many rare plants. b. He keeps his money in the bank. c. The seed bank can save many useful plants. d. We walked along the bank of the river. 39. forever /fəˈrevə(r)/ adv. 永远；永久 词性：副词 adv. 完整释义拓展：adv. 永远；长久地；老是 固定搭配：last forever 永远持续；remember forever 永远记住；live forever 永生 课文原句：We must keep important plants from disappearing forever. 翻译：我们必须防止重要植物永远消失。 例句： a. Their love will last forever. b. We will remember the great hero forever. c. True friendship can last forever. d. The beautiful place will stay in my heart forever. 40. radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 收音机；无线电 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：radios（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 收音机；无线电广播；无线电设备 v. 用无线电通讯 固定搭配：listen to the radio 听收音机；radio engineering 无线电工程；on the radio 通过广播 课文原句：I heard about the latest discoveries about black holes on the radio. 翻译：我在广播上听说了关于黑洞的最新发现。 例句： a. He studied radio engineering at university. b. He turned on the radio to listen to the latest news. c. My grandpa likes listening to the radio every morning. d. Radio was very important many years ago. 41. leave behind 动词短语 留下；遗留；抛下 词性：动词短语 词形变化：leave → left（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：遗留（遗产、精神、物品）；丢下；遗忘 固定搭配：leave behind sth. 留下某物；leave behind a legacy 留下精神遗产 课文原句：Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. 翻译：钟扬留下的不仅仅是大量的种子收藏。 例句： a. The old man left behind many useful books. b. He left behind a lot of sweet memories for us. c. Don’t leave your books behind when you go out. d. The great man left behind many good works. 42. collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集；收藏品；收集物 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：collect（v. 收集）；collector（n. 收藏家） 完整释义拓展：n. 收集；采集；收藏品；作品集 固定搭配：a collection of ……的收藏品；a large collection of seeds 大量种子收藏；a stamp collection 集邮 课文原句：Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. 翻译：钟扬留下的不仅仅是大量的种子收藏。 例句： a. He has a large collection of stamps. b. He has a big collection of old coins. c. The museum has a great collection of paintings. d. His collection of seeds is really useful. 43. live on 动词短语 继续存在；继续活着；靠……生活 词性：动词短语 完整释义拓展：（精神、故事）流传下去；以……为食；靠……为生 固定搭配：live on in sb. 在某人心中延续；live on food 以食物为生 课文原句：His spirit will live on in our hearts forever. 翻译：他的精神将永远留在我们心中。 例句： a. Her spirit lives on in her work. b. His stories will live on forever. c. The old man’s dream lives on in his children. d. The hero’s spirit lives on in our hearts. 44. exploration /ˌekspləˈreɪʃn/ n. 探索；探究 词性：名词 n.（不可数/可数） 词形变化：explore（v. 探索）；exploratory（adj. 探索性的） 完整释义拓展：n. 探索；探险；探究 固定搭配：scientific exploration 科学探索；space exploration 太空探索；adventure exploration 探险 课文原句：We should keep going on the road of scientific exploration. 翻译：我们应该在科学探索的道路上继续前行。 例句： a. Space exploration is important for humans. b. He is very interested in space exploration. c. More young people join in the exploration of nature. d. Exploration makes us know more about the world. 45. universe /ˈjuːnɪvɜːs/ n. 宇宙；万象 词性：名词 n.（单数） 词形变化：universal（adj. 普遍的；全体的） 完整释义拓展：n. 宇宙；天地万物 固定搭配：the whole universe 整个宇宙；in the universe 在宇宙中；the secrets of the universe 宇宙的奥秘 课文原句：Scientists are still trying to know the secrets of the universe. 翻译：科学家们仍在努力了解宇宙的奥秘。 例句： a. Scientists are studying the secrets of the universe. b. He wants to know more about the universe. c. There are many stars in the universe. d. We are trying to learn the secret of the universe. 46. socialism /ˈsəʊʃəlɪzəm/ n. 社会主义 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：socialist（adj./n. 社会主义的；社会主义者） 完整释义拓展：n. 社会主义 固定搭配：socialism with Chinese characteristics 中国特色社会主义 课文原句：We are working hard to build socialism with Chinese characteristics. 翻译：我们正在努力建设中国特色社会主义。 例句： a. China is a great country of socialism. 47. hole /həʊl/ n. 洞；孔；洞穴 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：holes（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 洞；窟窿；洞穴 固定搭配：dig a hole 挖洞；a hole in the wall 墙上的洞；black hole 黑洞 课文原句： 翻译： 例句： a. There is a small hole in the door. b. The mouse made a small hole in the wall. c. He found a deep hole in the ground. d. There is a hole in my coat. 48. daughter /ˈdɔːtə(r)/ n. 女儿 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：daughters（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 女儿；闺女 固定搭配：only daughter 独生女；eldest daughter 大女儿 课文原句：Marie Curie’s daughter, Irene, was also interested in science. 翻译：居里夫人的女儿伊雷娜也对科学感兴趣。 例句： a. Her daughter is a great scientist too. b. She has two daughters and a son. c. His daughter is a kind and hard-working student. d. The mother and daughter are both famous doctors. 49. herself /hɜːˈself/ pron. 她自己（反身代词） 词性：代词 pron. 完整释义拓展：pron. 她自己；（用于强调）亲自 固定搭配：by herself 独自；for herself 为她自己；help herself to 随便吃/取用 课文原句：She learnt to do many things all by herself. 翻译：她学会了独自做很多事情。 例句： a. She did the work all by herself. b. She bought a nice gift for herself. c. She is old enough to look after herself. d. She learned to do everything by herself. 50. flight /flaɪt/ n. 飞行；航班 词性：名词 n.（可数/不可数） 词形变化：fly（v. 飞）；flights（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 飞行；航班；航程；一段楼梯 固定搭配：take a flight 乘航班；a long flight 长途飞行；flight attendant 空乘人员 课文原句：She finished her flight across the Atlantic Ocean successfully. 翻译：她成功完成了飞越大西洋的飞行。 例句： a. The flight to New York takes about 12 hours. b. The flight was delayed because of bad weather. c. I will take a flight to Beijing tomorrow. d. She had a safe and comfortable flight. 51. woodwork /ˈwʊdwɜːk/ n. 木工手艺；木工活 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：wood（n. 木头）；wooden（adj. 木制的） 完整释义拓展：n. 木工工艺；木制品；木工活 固定搭配：be good at woodwork 擅长木工；learn woodwork 学习木工手艺 课文原句：Mozi was good at woodwork and invented many things. 翻译：墨子擅长木工，发明了很多东西。 例句： a. He learned woodwork from his father. b. He is good at woodwork and makes many wooden things. c. Woodwork is a very useful skill for people. 52. inventor /ɪnˈventə(r)/ n. 发明家；创造者 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：invent（v. 发明）；invention（n. 发明物；发明） 完整释义拓展：n. 发明者；发明家 固定搭配：the inventor of ……的发明者；a great inventor 伟大的发明家 课文原句：Mozi was the inventor of the kite. 翻译：墨子是风筝的发明者。 例句： a. Edison is a great inventor in the world. b. He is the inventor of many useful things. c. The young inventor has made several new things. d. We all respect the great inventor. 53. above all 短语 最重要的是；尤其是 词性：固定短语 完整释义拓展：首先；尤其是；归根结底 固定搭配：above all 最重要的是（写作高频短语） 课文原句：Above all, he was a great thinker. 翻译：最重要的是，他是一位伟大的思想家。 例句： a. Above all, we must be honest with others. b. He wants to be healthy, and above all, happy. c. Above all, we should love our family and friends. d. Above all, never give up your dreams. 54. thinker /ˈθɪŋkə(r)/ n. 思想家；思考者 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：think（v. 思考）；thought（n. 思想；想法） 完整释义拓展：n. 思想家；善于思考的人 固定搭配：a great thinker 伟大的思想家；a modern thinker 现代思想家 课文原句：Mozi was a great thinker in ancient China. 翻译：墨子是中国古代一位伟大的思想家。 例句： a. Confucius is a famous Chinese thinker. b. He is a great thinker with many new ideas. c. Many ancient thinkers had good thoughts. d. The thinker changed many people’s ideas. 55. period /ˈpɪəriəd/ n. 时期；一段时间；阶段 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：periods（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 时期；阶段；课时；周期 固定搭配：a period of time 一段时间；the Warring States Period 战国时期；during this period 在这一时期 课文原句：Mozi lived during the Warring States Period. 翻译：墨子生活在战国时期。 例句： a. The book describes life in the Qing period. b. He lived in the Warring States Period. c. It was a difficult period for his family. d. It took him a long period to finish the work. 56. kingdom /ˈkɪŋdəm/ n. 王国；领域 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：kingdoms（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 王国；（生物）界；领域 固定搭配：a powerful kingdom 强大的王国；the animal kingdom 动物界 课文原句：Many kingdoms fought against each other at that time. 翻译：当时许多王国互相征战。 例句： a. The small kingdom was ruled by a king. b. Many kingdoms fought against each other in old days. c. The king loved his kingdom and his people very much. d. The animal kingdom is full of surprises. 57. kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ n. 善良；仁慈；好意 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：kind（adj. 善良的）；kindly（adv. 亲切地） 完整释义拓展：n. 善良；友善；善举 固定搭配：show kindness to sb. 对某人表现出善意；acts of kindness 善举 课文原句：Everyone should show kindness and care to others. 翻译：每个人都应该对别人表现出善意和关心。 例句： a. Her kindness made everyone love her. b. We should treat others with kindness and love. c. His small kindness helped many people in need. d. Kindness can make the world warmer. 58. whether /ˈweðə(r)/ conj. 是否；无论 词性：连词 conj. 完整释义拓展：conj. 是否；不论，不管 固定搭配：whether…or… 不管……还是……；whether to do 是否做某事；whether or not 是否 课文原句：We should be kind to everyone, whether they are family or strangers. 翻译：我们应该善待每一个人，无论他们是家人还是陌生人。 例句： a. I don’t know whether he will come or not. b. I don’t know whether he will come to the party. c. Whether you like it or not, you must finish it. d. We will help you whether you are poor or rich. 59. mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/ n. 人类；全体人类 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 完整释义拓展：n. 人类（正式用语） 固定搭配：for mankind 为了人类；the future of mankind 人类的未来 课文原句：We should work together for the future of mankind. 翻译：我们应该为了人类的未来共同努力。 例句： a. Protecting the environment is important for mankind. b. We should work hard for the future of mankind. c. The great man gave all his life to mankind. 人教版九年级上册 Unit 3A 词汇 1. learner /ˈlɜːnə(r)/ n. 学习者；初学者 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：learners（复数）；learn（v. 学习）；learned（adj. 博学的） 完整释义拓展：n. 学习者；钻研者；初学者（中考阅读高频） 固定搭配：a good learner 优秀的学习者；language learners 语言学习者；active learners 主动学习者 课文原句：What makes a good learner? 翻译：怎样成为一名优秀的学习者？ 例句： a. She is a fast learner. b. We should be active learners in class. c. A good learner always asks questions bravely. d. Good learners often use different study skills. 2. flashcard /ˈflæʃkɑːd/ n.（学习用）抽认卡；记忆卡片 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：flashcards（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 识字卡；单词记忆卡（中小学学习类写作高频词汇） 固定搭配：make flashcards 制作抽认卡；use flashcards to remember words 用抽认卡记单词 课文原句：You can make flashcards to remember new words. 翻译：你可以制作抽认卡来记忆新单词。 例句： a. I make flashcards to remember English words. b. She often makes flashcards to study English. c. Using flashcards is a good way to learn new words. d. Many students use flashcards to review vocabulary. 3. project /ˈprɒdʒekt/ n. 项目；课题；计划 v. 规划；投射 词性：名词 n.（可数）；动词 v. 词形变化：projects（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 课题；科研项目；工程 v. 规划；投射（光影）；预测（初高中衔接） 固定搭配：a research project 研究项目；school projects 学校课题；a group project 小组课题 课文原句：The students are working on different research projects. 翻译：学生们正在做不同的研究课题。 例句： a. Our group is working on a science project. b. The students are doing a research project. c. They have to finish the project by Friday. d. She got an A on her history project. 4. website /ˈwebsaɪt/ n. 网站 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：websites（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 网站；网址（中考情景交际、写作高频） 固定搭配：visit a website 访问网站；learning websites 学习网站；official website 官网 课文原句：We can use learning apps or websites to study English. 翻译：我们可以使用学习应用或网站来学习英语。 例句： a. You can find useful information on this website. b. The website has many learning resources. c. He often visits English websites to practice reading. d. This website helps students with listening and speaking. 5. hands-on /ˌhændzˈɒn/ adj. 动手的；实际操作的 词性：形容词 adj. 完整释义拓展：adj. 实操性的；亲身实践的（中考书面表达加分词汇） 固定搭配：hands-on experiments 动手实验；hands-on learning 实操学习；hands-on practice 实操练习 课文原句：By doing hands-on experiments, students can learn better. 翻译：通过动手做实验，学生们能学得更好。 例句： a. Hands-on learning helps students understand better. b. Doing hands-on experiments is fun and useful. c. He likes hands-on activities like building models. d. Students learn better through hands-on practice. 6. experiment /ɪkˈsperɪmənt/ n. 实验；试验 v. 做实验 词性：名词 n.（可数）；动词 v. 词形变化：experiments（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 科学实验；尝试 v. 试验；尝试（新方法） 固定搭配：do an experiment 做实验；a science experiment 科学实验；carry out an experiment 开展实验 课文原句：We often do small experiments in science class. 翻译：我们经常在科学课上做小实验。 例句： a. The students are doing a chemistry experiment. b. They did a science experiment in class. c. He is interested in doing experiments in the lab. d. The experiment helped them know the truth. 7. look up 动词短语 查阅；抬头看 词性：动词短语 词形变化：look → looked（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：查阅（单词、资料）；抬头看（中考双向考点） 固定搭配：look up a word 查单词；look up information 查阅信息；look up at sb. 抬头看某人 课文原句：You can look up the new words in a dictionary. 翻译：你可以在词典里查阅这些新单词。 例句： a. You can look up the new word in the dictionary. b. He often looks up new words in the dictionary. c. You should look up the word if you don’t know it. d. She looked up the answer online quickly. 8. dictionary /ˈdɪkʃənri/ n. 词典；字典 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：dictionaries（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 工具书；词典（中考拼写高频考点，变y为i加es） 固定搭配：look up words in a dictionary 在词典中查单词；an English-Chinese dictionary 英汉词典 课文原句：You can look up the new words in a dictionary. 翻译：你可以在词典里查阅新单词。 例句： a. I use a dictionary to look up new words. b. She has a new English dictionary. c. You can find the word in the dictionary. d. A good dictionary is helpful for English learners. 9. aloud /əˈlaʊd/ adv. 出声地；大声地 词性：副词 adv. 完整释义拓展：adv. 出声（能听见）；大声地 易混辨析：aloud 出声朗读；loudly 嘈杂大声；loud 响亮的 固定搭配：read aloud 大声朗读；think aloud 自言自语 课文原句：Reading aloud can improve your pronunciation. 翻译：大声朗读能改善你的发音。 例句： a. Read the text aloud to practice pronunciation. b. Please read the text aloud. c. He read the poem aloud in class. d. Reading aloud can improve your pronunciation. 10. dialogue /ˈdaɪəlɒɡ/ n. 对话；对白 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：dialogues（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 日常对话；影视对白；交谈（写作高频） 固定搭配：have a dialogue with sb. 与某人对话；film dialogues 电影对白 课文原句：Let’s practice the dialogue in pairs. 翻译：让我们两人一组练习这段对话。 例句： a. We practiced the dialogue in pairs. b. They acted out the dialogue in class. c. The students are practicing the English dialogue. d. The short dialogue is easy to remember. 11. suit /suːt/ v. 适合；有利于 n. 套装 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 词形变化：suited（过去式/过去分词）；suitable（adj. 合适的） 完整释义拓展：v. 适合（性格、方法、时间）；相配 n. 西装；套装 易混辨析：suit 侧重契合特质；fit 侧重尺寸合身；match 侧重颜色搭配 固定搭配：suit sb. 适合某人；a business suit 西装；be suitable for 适合…… 课文原句：This learning method suits me very well. 翻译：这种学习方法非常适合我。 例句： a. This learning method suits me very well. b. The job suits his skills perfectly. c. Does this plan suit your needs? d. The color suits you very well. 12. general /ˈdʒenrəl/ adj. 总的；大体的；普遍的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：generally（adv. 通常；总的来说） 完整释义拓展：adj. 总体的；普遍的；笼统的 n. 将军（熟词生义，阅读拓展） 固定搭配：in general 总的来说；a general idea 大意；general knowledge 常识 课文原句：Reading is important for learning in general. 翻译：阅读总体上对学习很重要。 例句： a. In general, students like this subject. b. Generally, I get up at 7 a.m. c. The general opinion is that the plan is good. d. People in general like happy stories. 13. in general 短语 总的来说；通常 词性：固定短语 完整释义拓展：大体上；总体而言（写作万能过渡短语，满分替换generally） 固定搭配：in general 总的来说；大体上 课文原句：Reading is important for learning in general. 翻译：阅读总体上对学习很重要。 例句： a. In general, I agree with you. b. In general, boys like sports more than girls. c. The weather here is warm in general. d. In general, learning English needs practice. 14. speed /spiːd/ n. 速度 v. 加速 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：sped/speeded（过去式）；speedy（adj. 快速的） 完整释义拓展：n. 速率；进度 v. 加快进度；疾驰 固定搭配：reading speed 阅读速度；speed up 加速；at high speed 高速 课文原句：You will improve your reading speed if you read more. 翻译：如果你多读书，你的阅读速度会提高。 例句： a. The car is moving at a high speed. b. He is trying to improve his reading speed. c. The train sped up when it left the station. d. Speed is important but not everything. 15. grammar /ˈɡræmə(r)/ n. 语法 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：grammatical（adj. 语法的；合乎语法的） 完整释义拓展：n. 语法体系；语法规则（中考单选、改错核心考点） 固定搭配：English grammar 英语语法；grammar rules 语法规则 课文原句：Learning grammar helps you write correct sentences. 翻译：学习语法能帮你写出正确的句子。 例句： a. She is good at English grammar. b. The teacher is teaching English grammar. c. I find it hard to remember all the grammar rules. d. Learning grammar helps you write correctly. 16. podcast /ˈpɒdkɑːst/ n. 播客 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：podcasts（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 网络音频节目；播客（新课标高频词汇） 固定搭配：listen to a podcast 听播客；English learning podcasts 英语学习播客 课文原句：Listening to English podcasts is good for listening skills. 翻译：听英语播客对听力技能有好处。 例句： a. I listen to English podcasts every morning. b. She likes listening to English podcasts. c. The podcast has many tips for language learners. d. Listening to podcasts improves listening skills. 17. zero /ˈzɪərəʊ/ num. 零；最低程度 词性：数词 num. 词形变化：zeros（复数） 完整释义拓展：num. 零；零基础；零度 n. 最低点 固定搭配：start at zero 从零开始；below zero 零度以下；zero progress 毫无进步 课文原句：I started out at zero and learned little by little. 翻译：我从零开始，一点点地学习。 例句： a. She started learning English from zero. b. The temperature is zero degrees today. c. He knows zero about this subject. d. Everyone can start from zero and succeed. 18. come across 短语（偶然）遇见；发现 词性：动词短语 词形变化：come → came（过去式）→ come（过去分词） 完整释义拓展：偶遇（人）；偶然发现（事物、问题）（中考完形高频） 固定搭配：come across sb./sth. 偶遇；come across difficulties 遭遇困境 课文原句：I started out at zero and came across many problems. 翻译：我从零开始，遇到了很多问题。 例句： a. I came across an old friend at the store. b. He came across a good book in the library yesterday. c. If you come across any problems, ask me for help. d. She came across a new way to solve the problem. 19. step by step 短语 逐步地；循序渐进地 词性：固定短语 完整释义拓展：一步步地；稳扎稳打（写作励志万能短语） 固定搭配：learn step by step 循序渐进学习；progress step by step 稳步进步 课文原句：You just have to take things step by step. 翻译：你只需要一步一步来。 例句： a. We can solve the problem step by step. b. Learn English step by step. c. The project is moving forward step by step. d. Step by step, he made great progress. 20. build up 短语 增加；加强；积累 词性：动词短语 词形变化：build → built（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：积累（词汇、经验）；增强（信心、能力）；建立 固定搭配：build up confidence 增强信心；build up vocabulary 积累词汇 课文原句：Start simple and build up your skills little by little. 翻译：从简单的开始，一点点积累你的技能。 例句： a. Reading helps build up your vocabulary. b. He is trying to build up his confidence. c. Her English skills built up quickly after practice. d. We should build up good habits little by little. 21. actively /ˈæktɪvli/ adv. 积极地；主动地 词性：副词 adv. 词形变化：active（adj. 积极的）；activity（n. 活动）；inactive（adj. 消极的，反义拓展） 完整释义拓展：adv. 主动地；踊跃地（写作高频褒义副词） 固定搭配：learn actively 主动学习；participate actively 积极参与 课文原句：We should discuss ways of learning actively. 翻译：我们应该积极讨论学习方法。 例句： a. You should listen actively in class. b. Please take part in the discussion actively. c. He is an active learner and always asks questions. d. Actively using English helps you learn faster. 22. enjoyable /ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl/ adj. 有乐趣的；使人快乐的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：enjoy（v. 享受）；enjoyment（n. 乐趣） 完整释义拓展：adj. 令人愉悦的；有趣的（替换happy，写作加分） 固定搭配：an enjoyable experience 愉快的经历；make learning enjoyable 让学习充满乐趣 课文原句：Our teacher tries to make learning enjoyable. 翻译：我们的老师努力让学习变得有乐趣。 例句： a. The class is very enjoyable. b. The trip was very enjoyable. c. It’s an enjoyable way to learn English. d. Reading is an enjoyable hobby for me. 23. strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ n. 策略；方法 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：strategies（复数）；strategic（adj. 战略的，初高中衔接） 完整释义拓展：n. 学习策略；应对方法；谋略 固定搭配：learning strategies 学习策略；a good strategy 高效方法 课文原句：You should develop your own learning strategies. 翻译：你应该制定自己的学习策略。 例句： a. She has a good strategy for learning math. b. What’s your study strategy? c. They are developing new strategies to solve the problem. d. Different students need different learning strategies. 24. put off 短语 推迟；拖延 词性：动词短语 词形变化：put → put（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：拖延（任务）；推迟（会议、活动）（中考改错高频考点） 固定搭配：put off doing sth. 推迟做某事；put off a meeting 推迟会议 课文原句：Cathy often puts off working on her project till the last day. 翻译：凯茜经常把课题拖延到最后一天才做。 例句： a. Don’t put off your homework until tomorrow. b. He often puts off his homework until the last minute. c. Don’t put off studying for the test. d. Never put off till tomorrow what you can do today. 25. correct /kəˈrekt/ adj. 正确的 v. 纠正；改正 词性：形容词 adj. / 动词 v. 词形变化：correctly（adv. 正确地）；correction（n. 纠正）；incorrect（adj. 错误的，反义） 完整释义拓展：adj. 准确的；恰当的 v. 订正；修正（错误、偏差） 固定搭配：a correct answer 正确答案；correct mistakes 纠正错误 课文原句：The teacher helps me correct my spelling mistakes. 翻译：老师帮我纠正拼写错误。 例句： a. Is this the correct way to solve the problem? b. The answer is not correct. c. Please correct your mistakes in the notebook. d. Correct your mistakes and you’ll learn better. 26. suggest /səˈdʒest/ v. 建议；提议 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：suggested（过去式）；suggestion（n. 建议，可数） 完整释义拓展：v. 建议；暗示（熟词生义，阅读难点） 中考核心考点：suggest后不接to do，只接doing/从句 固定搭配：suggest doing sth. 建议做某事；suggest that sb. (should) do 建议某人做 课文原句：The teacher suggests reading more English books. 翻译：老师建议多读英语书。 例句： a. The teacher suggested reading more books. b. He suggested going to the library after class. c. My friend suggested that I should practice speaking every day. d. Could you suggest a good way to remember words? 27. method /ˈmeθəd/ n. 方法；方式 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：methods（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 系统方法；治学方式（比way更正式，写作高级词） 易混辨析：way 通用方法；method 系统性专业方法 固定搭配：learning methods 学习方法；a teaching method 教学方法 课文原句：There are a lot of useful learning methods. 翻译：有很多有用的学习方法。 例句： a. This method works well for me. b. What’s your favorite learning method? c. There are many different methods to solve this problem. d. We should try different methods to learn better. 28. summarize /ˈsʌməraɪz/ v. 总结；概括 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：summary（n. 总结；摘要） 完整释义拓展：v. 归纳；概述（读写题型核心词汇） 固定搭配：summarize the main idea 概括主旨；summarize the key points 总结要点 课文原句：After reading, you can summarize the key points. 翻译：阅读后，你可以总结要点。 例句： a. Can you summarize the story in one sentence? b. Please summarize the text in your own words. c. He gave a short summary of the meeting. d. Summarizing helps you understand better. U3B 29. growth /ɡrəʊθ/ n. 成长；增长；生长 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：grow（v. 成长；生长） 完整释义拓展：n. 个人成长；能力提升；数值增长 固定搭配：personal growth 个人成长；growth of ability 能力提升 课文原句：Good habits encourage your growth as a learner. 翻译：好习惯促进你作为学习者的成长。 例句： a. Reading helps with your personal growth. b. We should focus on our personal growth. c. The teacher encourages the growth of every student. d. Good habits help your growth and progress. 30. mindset /ˈmaɪndset/ n. 心态；思维模式 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：mindsets（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 心智模式；处事心态（中考写作、阅读热点词汇） 固定搭配：a growth mindset 成长型思维；a positive mindset 积极心态 课文原句：Having a growth mindset is important for learning. 翻译：拥有成长型思维对学习很重要。 例句： a. A growth mindset helps you learn better. b. Having a good mindset is important for learning. c. Teachers help students develop a growth mindset. d. A positive mindset brings you hope and courage. 31. material /məˈtɪəriəl/ n. 材料；资料 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：materials（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 学习资料；素材；原材料 adj. 物质的（拓展词性） 固定搭配：learning materials 学习资料；teaching materials 教学材料 课文原句：We can use the best learning materials to study. 翻译：我们可以用最好的学习资料来学习。 例句： a. You can find useful learning materials on the website. b. She uses different learning materials to study. c. The school provides good teaching materials. d. We should make good use of all kinds of materials. 32. in part 短语 在某种程度上；部分地 词性：固定短语 完整释义拓展：部分地；一定程度上（写作高级过渡短语） 固定搭配：in part 部分地；在某种程度上 课文原句：This means, in part, believing in yourself. 翻译：这在某种程度上意味着相信自己。 例句： a. The failure was in part due to bad luck. b. The problem is in part because of lack of practice. c. She succeeded, in part, because of her hard work. d. In part, I agree with your ideas. 33. guidance /ˈɡaɪdns/ n. 指导；引导 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：guide（v. 指导；引导） 完整释义拓展：n. 专业指导；引领；辅导 固定搭配：get guidance from sb. 从某人获得指导；professional guidance 专业指导 课文原句：You can get guidance from your teacher or coach. 翻译：你可以从老师或教练那里获得指导。 例句： a. She needs guidance with her studies. b. The students need guidance from the teacher. c. With his guidance, I improved my English quickly. d. Proper guidance helps you avoid mistakes. 34. feedback /ˈfiːdbæk/ n. 反馈；意见 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 完整释义拓展：n. 评价反馈；改进意见（新课标高频） 固定搭配：give feedback 给出反馈；get feedback 接收反馈 课文原句：Teachers can give us important feedback and advice. 翻译：老师能给我们重要的反馈和建议。 例句： a. The teacher gave me positive feedback on my work. b. The teacher gave helpful feedback on my essay. c. I value your feedback very much. d. Good feedback helps you improve fast. 35. addition /əˈdɪʃn/ n. 添加；加法 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：additional（adj. 额外的；附加的） 完整释义拓展：n. 增加；增补；加法 固定搭配：in addition 此外；in addition to 除……之外还有 课文原句：In addition, studies show that students learn more in this way. 翻译：此外，研究表明学生用这种方法学得更多。 例句： a. In addition, we need to practice every day. b. In addition, you should read more books. c. In addition to English, she studies Japanese. d. We need more practice. In addition, we need confidence. 36. in addition 短语 另外；此外 词性：固定短语 完整释义拓展：再者；除此之外（写作万能加分短语） 固定搭配：in addition 此外；再者 课文原句：In addition, studies show that students learn more in this way. 翻译：此外，研究表明学生用这种方法学得更多。 例句： a. She is good at math. In addition, she likes science. b. In addition, we need to prepare for the test. c. He speaks English fluently, and in addition, he can speak French. d. In addition, reading brings us fun and knowledge. 37. resource /rɪˈsɔːs/ n. 资源；资料 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：resources（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 学习资源；物力财力；自然资源 固定搭配：learning resources 学习资源；natural resources 自然资源 课文原句：We are using new technology and resources to learn. 翻译：我们正在使用新技术和资源来学习。 例句： a. The library has many learning resources. b. The school provides good learning resources. c. She found useful resources on the internet. d. We should make good use of different resources. 38. textbook /ˈtekstbʊk/ n. 教科书；课本 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：textbooks（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 教材；课本（基础必考词） 固定搭配：school textbooks 课本；an English textbook 英语课本 课文原句：We should learn not just from textbooks. 翻译：我们不应该只从课本中学习。 例句： a. We use the textbook in class every day. b. Please bring your English textbook to class. c. The teacher asked us to read the textbook carefully. d. Textbooks are important but not the only resource. 39. advantage /ədˈvɑːntɪdʒ/ n. 优势；优点 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：disadvantage（n. 劣势；缺点，反义核心词） 完整释义拓展：n. 长处；有利条件；优势 固定搭配：take advantage of 利用；have an advantage over 胜过 课文原句：We should take advantage of the best tools and resources. 翻译：我们应该利用最好的工具和资源。 例句： a. She has an advantage in speaking English. b. He took advantage of the opportunity to study abroad. c. Being able to speak two languages is a big advantage. d. His hard work gives him an advantage over others. 40. take advantage of 短语 利用；充分利用 词性：动词短语 词形变化：take → took（过去式）→ taken（过去分词） 完整释义拓展：充分利用（时间、机会、资源）（写作满分句型） 固定搭配：take advantage of 利用；take full advantage of 充分利用 课文原句：We should take advantage of the best tools and resources. 翻译：我们应该利用最好的工具和资源。 例句： a. Take advantage of every chance to practice speaking. b. We should take advantage of every learning opportunity. c. He took advantage of the free time to read books. d. Take full advantage of your time and you’ll succeed. 41. efficiently /ɪˈfɪʃntli/ adv. 效率高地 词性：副词 adv. 词形变化：efficient（adj. 高效的）；efficiency（n. 效率）；inefficient（adj. 低效的，反义） 完整释义拓展：adv. 高效地；省时省力地（写作高级副词） 固定搭配：work efficiently 高效工作；learn efficiently 高效学习 课文原句：We should learn wisely and efficiently. 翻译：我们应该明智且高效地学习。 例句： a. He studies very efficiently. b. She learns English efficiently. c. The new machine works more efficiently than the old one. d. To learn efficiently, you need good methods. 42. valley /ˈvæli/ n. 山谷；溪谷 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：valleys（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 山谷；低谷（喻人生低谷，阅读隐喻考点） 固定搭配：a mountain valley 山谷；mountains and valleys 跌宕起伏 课文原句：The road ahead may have many mountains and valleys. 翻译：前方的道路可能会有许多高山和低谷。 例句： a. The river flows through the valley. b. The village is in a beautiful valley. c. They walked through the valley at sunset. d. Life has mountains and valleys, but never give up. 43. pronunciation /prəˌnʌnsiˈeɪʃn/ n. 发音；读音 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：pronounce（v. 发音；读准） 完整释义拓展：n. 发音方式；读音（中考拼写超级高频考点） 固定搭配：improve pronunciation 改善发音；correct pronunciation 标准发音 课文原句：This app provides guidance on pronunciation. 翻译：这个应用提供发音方面的指导。 例句： a. Her English pronunciation is very good. b. The app helps improve my pronunciation. c. She is working on her English pronunciation. d. Practicing aloud can improve your pronunciation. 44. click /klɪk/ v. 点击；咔嗒响 n. 点击声 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 词形变化：clicked（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：v. 点击（鼠标、链接）；发出咔嗒声 n. 点击操作 固定搭配：click on sth. 点击某物；click the mouse 点击鼠标 课文原句：Click on the link to open the learning website. 翻译：点击链接打开学习网站。 例句： a. Click on the link to open the website. b. Please click on the icon to start the program. c. She clicked the mouse and the page opened. d. Click here and you’ll find more information. 45. magazine /ˌmæɡəˈziːn/ n. 杂志 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：magazines（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 期刊；杂志（阅读、写作常用词） 固定搭配：read magazines 阅读杂志；a weekly magazine 周刊 课文原句：Reading books and magazines can open your mind. 翻译：读书和读杂志能开阔你的眼界。 例句： a. She likes reading fashion magazines. b. I like reading sports magazines. c. The magazine has many interesting articles. d. Reading magazines opens up our eyes. 46. open up 短语 打开；开拓；创造机会 词性：动词短语 词形变化：open → opened（过去式） 完整释义拓展：开拓（视野、未来）；开启；发掘 固定搭配：open up new worlds 开拓新世界；open up opportunities 创造机遇 课文原句：Reading can open up new worlds for us. 翻译：阅读能为我们开拓新世界。 例句： a. Reading opens up new worlds for children. b. Traveling helps open up your mind. c. Reading English books opens up new possibilities for her. d. Good education opens up a better future. 47. shelf /ʃelf/ n. 架子；书架 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：shelves（复数，不规则变形中考必考） 完整释义拓展：n. 书架；置物架；货架 固定搭配：on the shelf 在架子上；a book shelf 书架 课文原句：I would pick out a book from the shelf and read it. 翻译：我会从架子上选一本书来读。 例句： a. The books are on the shelf. b. There are many books on the shelf. c. He took a book from the shelf. d. Put the books back on the shelf after reading. 48. schoolwork /ˈskuːlwɜːk/ n. 学校作业；学业 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 完整释义拓展：n. 课业；学业任务（写作替换study，更地道） 固定搭配：do schoolwork 做课业；help with schoolwork 辅导学业 课文原句：Reading has helped me a lot with my schoolwork. 翻译：阅读对我的学业帮助很大。 例句： a. He spends two hours on schoolwork every day. b. She spends a lot of time on her schoolwork. c. Reading is good for improving schoolwork. d. Don’t spend too much time on schoolwork; relax sometimes. 49. print /prɪnt/ n. 印刷品；打印材料 v. 打印；印刷 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：printed（adj. 印刷的）；printer（n. 打印机） 完整释义拓展：n. 纸质印刷品 v. 打印；刊载 固定搭配：print books 纸质书；print the document 打印文件 课文原句：Some students still like reading print books. 翻译：一些学生仍然喜欢读纸质书。 例句： a. She prefers print books to e-books. b. Please print the report for me. c. The print books are cheaper than the digital ones. d. Some students still like print books better. 50. newspaper /ˈnjuːzpeɪpə(r)/ n. 报纸 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：newspapers（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 报刊；报纸（news不可数，paper此处可数） 固定搭配：read a newspaper 看报纸；a daily newspaper 日报 课文原句：My father reads a newspaper every morning. 翻译：我爸爸每天早上看报纸。 例句： a. My father reads the newspaper every morning. b. He likes reading the newspaper in the morning. c. There are many interesting stories in the newspaper. d. Reading newspapers helps us know the world. 51. e-book /ˈiːˌbʊk/ n. 电子书 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：e-books（复数） 完整释义拓展：n. 电子书籍（新课标情景词汇） 固定搭配：read e-books 看电子书；download e-books 下载电子书 课文原句：Many students like reading e-books on their phones. 翻译：很多学生喜欢在手机上看电子书。 例句： a. She reads e-books on her phone. b. He likes reading e-books on his tablet. c. The library has a large collection of e-books. d. E-books are easy to carry and convenient. 52. recent /ˈriːsnt/ adj. 最近的；最新的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：recently（adv. 最近，现在完成时标志词，中考核心） 完整释义拓展：adj. 近期的；最新的 固定搭配：in recent years 近年来；recent news 最新消息 课文原句：I have made great progress in recent months. 翻译：近几个月我取得了很大进步。 例句： a. Have you read the recent news? b. He has improved a lot in recent years. c. Recently, I have been very busy. d. In recent months, she has made great progress. 人教版九年级上册 Unit 4A 词汇 1. position /pəˈzɪʃn/ n. 位置；职位；姿势 v. 安置；定位 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：positions（复数）；positioned（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：n. 地理位置；社会职位；身体姿势 v. 安放；确立位置（中考阅读、写作高频熟词多义） 固定搭配：in position 在正确位置；take up a position 担任职务；position sth 放置某物 课文原句：Can you find the position of the town on the map? 翻译：你能在地图上找到这个城镇的位置吗？ 例句： a. Please position the chair in the right place. b. This is a good position for studying. c. He positioned his desk by the window yesterday. d. She took up a position as a teacher last year. 2. sadness /ˈsædnəs/ n. 悲伤；难过 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：sad（adj. 悲伤的）；sadly（adv. 悲伤地） 完整释义拓展：n. 哀伤；悲痛（词形转换必考：adj.+ness变抽象名词） 固定搭配：full of sadness 充满悲伤；express sadness 表达悲伤 课文原句：Her eyes were filled with sadness when she heard the news. 翻译：听到这个消息时，她眼里充满了悲伤。 例句： a. The story is full of love and sadness. b. I could feel his sadness at that moment. c. Great sadness came over the whole family. d. She tried to hide her sadness in front of others. 3. run out (of sth) 动词短语 用完；耗尽 词性：动词短语 词形变化：run → ran（过去式）→ run（过去分词） 完整释义拓展：（人）用完某物；（物）耗尽、用光（中考单选、完形主谓区分核心考点） 固定搭配：run out of sth 某人用完某物；sth run out 某物耗尽 课文原句：Time is running out. We have to hurry. 翻译：时间快用完了，我们必须快点。 例句： a. We ran out of milk this morning. b. We ran out of ink, so we couldn’t write. c. The food will run out soon if we don’t save it. d. My money ran out quickly on vacation. 4. react /riˈækt/ v. 作出反应；回应；起反应 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：reaction（n. 反应）；reactive（adj. 反应的） 完整释义拓展：v. （情绪、行为）回应；（化学）反应（固定介词搭配中考必考） 固定搭配：react to 对……作出反应；react with 与……发生反应 课文原句：How did she react when you told her the truth? 翻译：你告诉她真相时，她是什么反应？ 例句： a. He reacted angrily to the bad news. b. How did he react to your suggestion? c. Children react quickly to love and care. d. The audience’s reaction to the show was excellent. 5. mix up 动词短语 混淆；弄乱 词性：动词短语 词形变化：mix → mixed（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：混淆人物、事物、信息；打乱顺序（中考改错、情景运用高频） 固定搭配：mix up A and B 把A和B弄混；get mixed up 被弄混、搞糊涂 课文原句：It’s easy to mix up the two new words. 翻译：这两个新单词很容易被弄混。 例句： a. I always mix up his twin brother. b. Don’t mix up the two names. c. He often mixes up his keys. d. She mixed up the dates of the two meetings. 6. put sth to good use 动词短语 有效利用；充分使用 词性：动词短语 完整释义拓展：充分利用时间、资源、能力（写作高级替换词，替换简单use） 固定搭配：put sth to good use 充分利用；make good use of（同义高级替换） 课文原句：We should put our time to good use. 翻译：我们应该充分利用我们的时间。 例句： a. She put her skills to good use in the new job. b. We should put every chance to good use. c. He put his free time to good use by reading. d. The teacher told us to put knowledge to good use. 7. chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 链条；一连串 v. 用链条拴住 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：chains（复数）；chained（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：n. 链条；一连串（事件）v. 束缚（阅读比喻义高频考点） 固定搭配：a chain of 一连串；food chain 食物链 课文原句：Memory is like a chain that connects old and new knowledge. 翻译：记忆就像一条链条，连接着新旧知识。 例句： a. The dog is tied to a chain. b. The bicycle is locked with a strong chain. c. There was a chain of accidents on the road. d. A bad habit can start a chain of trouble. 8. stable /ˈsteɪbl/ adj. 稳定的；稳固的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：stably（adv. 稳定地）；stability（n. 稳定性，初高衔接） 完整释义拓展：adj. 状态稳定的、稳固的（修饰生活、情绪、系统、记忆） 固定搭配：stable life 稳定的生活；stable memory 稳固的记忆 课文原句：Long-term memory is stored in a more stable area of the brain. 翻译：长期记忆储存在大脑中更稳定的区域。 例句： a. The patient’s condition is stable now. b. We need a stable job to support our family. c. She wants to live a stable life in the countryside. d. A stable mood helps you study better. 9. lecture /ˈlektʃə(r)/ n. 讲座；演讲 v. 讲课；告诫 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：lectures（复数）；lecturer（n. 讲师） 完整释义拓展：n. 学术讲座（区别于普通speech）v. 讲授、说教 固定搭配：attend a lecture 听讲座；give a lecture 做讲座 课文原句：We will attend a lecture on memory tomorrow. 翻译：我们明天要听一场关于记忆力的讲座。 例句： a. The professor will lecture on history this afternoon. b. He gave a lecture on how to improve memory. c. She lectured the students on safety rules. d. We learned a lot from the lecture. 10. retell /ˌriːˈtel/ v. 复述；重述 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：retold（过去式/过去分词）；retelling（n. 复述） 完整释义拓展：re-前缀“再次”，复述文本、故事（口语、读写题型必考词） 固定搭配：retell a story 复述故事；retell the text 复述课文 课文原句：Can you retell the story in your own words? 翻译：你能用自己的话复述这个故事吗？ 例句： a. Please retell the dialogue to your partner. b. Please retell the story after me. c. He retold the news to his family. d. Retelling helps you remember better. 11. memorize /ˈmeməraɪz/ v. 记住；熟记 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：memory（n. 记忆）；memorable（adj. 难忘的） 完整释义拓展：刻意背诵、熟记（区别于remember自然记起，中考辨析考点） 固定搭配：memorize words 记单词；memorize a speech 背演讲稿 课文原句：It takes time to memorize so many new words. 翻译：记住这么多新单词需要时间。 例句： a. He memorized the poem in ten minutes. b. She needs to memorize the speech by tomorrow. c. I have memorized all the rules. d. Memorizing words is important for English learning. 12. tick /tɪk/ v. 给…打钩；标记 n. 对号；钩号 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 词形变化：ticked（过去式/过去分词）；ticking（现在分词） 完整释义拓展：v. 勾选、标记重点 n. 勾选符号（听力、答题场景高频） 固定搭配：tick the box 打钩；tick off 核对 课文原句：Please tick the correct answers on your paper. 翻译：请在试卷上给正确答案打钩。 例句： a. Tick the words you have learned. b. He ticked the box next to his name. c. Don’t forget to tick the items you need. d. Tick yes or no after each question. 13. grandson /ˈɡrænsʌn/ n. 孙子；外孙 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：grandsons（复数）；granddaughter（孙女/外孙女，对应反义） 完整释义拓展：亲属类名词，完形填空人物关系高频词 固定搭配：little grandson 小孙子 课文原句：She saved the cookies for her grandson. 翻译：她把饼干留给孙子。 例句： a. My grandson is a primary school student. b. The old lady loves her grandson very much. c. Her two grandsons live in the city. d. He bought a toy for his grandson. 14. go through 动词短语 经历；仔细检查；通过 词性：动词短语 词形变化：go → went（过去式）→ gone（过去分词） 完整释义拓展：多义核心短语：经历磨难、浏览核查、通过考试（中考完形Top考点） 固定搭配：go through difficulties 经历困难；go through notes 浏览笔记 课文原句：He went through a lot to improve his memory. 翻译：他为了提高记忆力经历了很多。 例句： a. She went through all the photos to find the old one. b. They went through many hardships together. c. Please go through the paper before handing it in. d. The country went through great changes. 15. happen to 动词短语 发生于；碰巧 词性：动词短语 完整释义拓展：无被动语态！sth happen to sb 某人发生某事；happen to do 碰巧做 固定搭配：sth happen to sb 某人发生某事；happen to do 碰巧做 课文原句：What happened to you yesterday? 翻译：你昨天发生什么事了？ 例句： a. I happened to meet my teacher on the street. b. What happened to him last night? c. She happened to see the accident. d. Nothing bad happened to them. 16. keep (...) in mind 动词短语 牢记；记在心中 词性：动词短语 完整释义拓展：写作万能高级短语，替换基础remember，书面表达加分 固定搭配：keep sth in mind 牢记；keep in mind that... 记住……（接从句） 课文原句：Please keep in mind that learning takes time. 翻译：请记住，学习需要时间。 例句： a. You should keep the rules in mind. b. Please keep in mind what I told you. c. He always keeps his promise in mind. d. Keep in mind that safety comes first. 17. case /keɪs/ n. 情况；案例；箱子 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：cases（复数） 完整释义拓展：中考短语最多核心词：情况、实例、容器（单选高频） 固定搭配：in this case 在这种情况下；in case 万一；in case of 如果 课文原句：In that case, we have to try another way. 翻译：既然那样，我们必须试试另一种方法。 例句： a. The doctor is studying a special case. b. In that case, I won’t go with you. c. Take an umbrella in case it rains. d. We cannot judge others in this case. 18. in sb’s case 短语 就某人而言 词性：固定短语 完整释义拓展：用于举例、对比、分情况论述，阅读与写作过渡短语 固定搭配：in my case 就我而言；in his case 就他而言 课文原句：In her case, memory is better than before. 翻译：就她而言，记忆力比以前好了。 例句： a. In my case, I prefer studying alone. b. In his case, the medicine works very well. c. In our case, we don’t need to worry. d. Everyone is different, especially in their case. 19. opera /ˈɒprə/ n. 歌剧 词性：名词 n.（可数/不可数） 词形变化：operas（复数） 完整释义拓展：艺术类课标词汇，固定搭配为考试常客 固定搭配：go to the opera 去看歌剧；opera house 歌剧院；Beijing Opera 京剧 课文原句：She couldn’t remember where she put the opera ticket. 翻译：她不记得把歌剧票放哪儿了。 例句： a. We are going to see an opera tonight. b. She bought a ticket to the opera. c. The opera was very popular last year. d. My grandpa likes Beijing Opera very much. 20. ticket /ˈtɪkɪt/ n. 票；入场券；罚单 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：tickets（复数） 完整释义拓展：熟词生义：除“门票”外，交通罚单为中考阅读隐藏考点 固定搭配：a ticket for... ……的票；get a ticket 收到罚单 课文原句：She lost her opera ticket and felt very worried. 翻译：她弄丢了歌剧票，感到非常着急。 例句： a. I have two tickets for the football match. b. Do you have a ticket for the movie? c. He got a ticket for parking in the wrong place. d. Show your ticket to the worker, please. 21. wallet /ˈwɒlɪt/ n. 钱包 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：wallets（复数） 完整释义拓展：生活类高频名词，完形情景词汇 固定搭配：lose one’s wallet 丢钱包；a leather wallet 皮钱包 课文原句：He couldn’t find his wallet and was very nervous. 翻译：他找不到钱包，非常紧张。 例句： a. She keeps her money in a black wallet. b. I lost my wallet on the bus yesterday. c. Bob doesn’t know who took his wallet. d. He took out his wallet to pay the bill. 22. picnic /ˈpɪknɪk/ n. 野餐 v. 去野餐 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：picnicked（过去式）；picnicking（现在分词） 完整释义拓展：双写k变形必考，重读闭音节动词变形考点 固定搭配：have a picnic 野餐；go for a picnic 去野餐 课文原句：We will have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow. 翻译：如果明天天气好，我们就去野餐。 例句： a. They are planning to picnic by the lake. b. Why didn’t you invite him to the picnic? c. We are going to picnic tomorrow. d. We enjoyed ourselves at the picnic. 23. pardon /ˈpɑːdn/ interj. 请再说一遍 v. 原谅；宽恕 词性：感叹词 interj. / 动词 v. 词形变化：pardoned（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：情景交际必考口语，同时具备动词“原谅”书面用法 固定搭配：pardon me 对不起；请原谅；pardon sb for sth 原谅某人某事 课文原句：Pardon me? I didn’t catch your words. 翻译：请再说一遍好吗？我没听清。 例句： a. I hope you will pardon me for being late. b. Pardon me, where is the nearest bank? c. He asked for pardon for his mistake. d. Pardon me, could you repeat that? 24. airport /ˈeəpɔːt/ n. 机场 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：airports（复数） 完整释义拓展：地点类基础必考名词 固定搭配：at the airport 在机场；arrive at the airport 到达机场 课文原句：We will meet you at the airport tomorrow morning. 翻译：我们明天早上在机场接你。 例句： a. The plane took off from the airport on time. b. Could you show me the way to the airport? c. They are waiting for you at the airport. d. We arrived at the airport early. 25. gunshot /ˈɡʌnʃɒt/ n. 枪声；枪击 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：gunshots（复数） 完整释义拓展：复合名词，阅读叙事类文章高频场景词 固定搭配：hear gunshots 听到枪声 课文原句：He heard gunshots and felt very afraid. 翻译：他听到枪声，感到非常害怕。 例句： a. The gunshot wounded the man in the leg. b. He also heard gunshots in the forest. c. The police investigated the gunshot incident. d. Several gunshots were heard at night. 26. grown-up /ˌɡrəʊnˈʌp/ n. 成年人 adj. 成年的 词性：名词 n. / 形容词 adj. 词形变化：grown-ups（复数） 完整释义拓展：口语化“成年人”，替换adult，读写通用 固定搭配：act like a grown-up 表现得像成年人 课文原句：You are a grown-up and should make your own decisions. 翻译：你是成年人了，应该自己做决定。 例句： a. The grown-ups are talking in the living room. b. The children want to be grown-ups soon. c. She is a grown-up girl now. d. Grown-ups should set good examples. 27. recall /rɪˈkɔːl/ v. 回忆起；回想起；召回 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：recalled（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：书面高级词，正式回忆，替换基础remember（写作提分） 固定搭配：recall the past 回忆过去；recall sth 回想起某事 课文原句：I can’t recall where I put my key. 翻译：我想不起来把钥匙放哪儿了。 例句： a. He recalled his childhood when he saw the photo. b. Can you recall what happened next? c. She recalled the story clearly. d. I can’t recall his telephone number. 28. grapevine /ˈɡreɪpvaɪn/ n. 葡萄藤；传闻 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：grapevines（复数） 完整释义拓展：熟词僻义：小道消息、传闻（阅读拓展考点） 固定搭配：on the grapevine 由传闻得知 课文原句：Then he saw a grapevine standing quietly nearby. 翻译：然后他看到附近有一株葡萄藤。 例句： a. The grapevine is growing along the wall. b. He saw a grapevine nearby. c. I heard the news on the grapevine. d. The grapevine bears many grapes in autumn. U4B 29. boost /buːst/ v. 促进；提升；增强 n. 推动；帮助 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 词形变化：boosted（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：中考写作顶级高分动词，替换improve，提升能力、状态 固定搭配：boost memory 提升记忆力；boost confidence 增强信心 课文原句：Healthy food and enough sleep can boost your memory. 翻译：健康的食物和充足的睡眠能提升你的记忆力。 例句： a. Regular exercise can boost your energy. b. How to boost your memory effectively? c. The good news gave her a boost of confidence. d. We need to boost our reading speed. 30. to start with 短语 首先；起初 词性：固定短语 完整释义拓展：写作开头过渡短语，替换firstly，句式更高级 固定搭配：to start with 首先、起初（用于观点列举） 课文原句：To start with, let’s talk about short-term memory. 翻译：首先，我们来谈谈短期记忆。 例句： a. I didn’t like the job to start with. b. To start with, we need to prepare the materials. c. He had no money to start with. d. To start with, you should make a plan. 31. short-term /ˌʃɔːtˈtɜːm/ adj. 短期的 词性：形容词 adj. 完整释义拓展：固定合成词，与long-term互为必考反义词组 固定搭配：short-term memory 短期记忆；short-term plan 短期计划 课文原句：Short-term memory can hold information for a short time. 翻译：短期记忆能短时间保存信息。 例句： a. We need a short-term plan for the exam. b. Remembering a phone number is short-term memory. c. The company has a short-term goal. d. Short-term memory is easy to lose. 32. long-term /ˌlɒŋˈtɜːm/ adj. 长期的 词性：形容词 adj. 完整释义拓展：课标核心合成形容词，写作励志类话题高频 固定搭配：long-term memory 长期记忆；long-term goal 长期目标 课文原句：Long-term memory can keep information for years. 翻译：长期记忆能把信息保存很多年。 例句： a. He has a long-term goal to be a scientist. b. We are building a long-term friendship. c. Good habits lead to long-term progress. d. Practice turns short-term memory into long-term memory. 33. technique /tekˈniːk/ n. 技巧；方法；技术 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：techniques（复数）；technical（adj. 技术的） 完整释义拓展：易混辨析：method侧重系统方法，technique侧重实操技巧 固定搭配：memory techniques 记忆技巧；learning techniques 学习方法 课文原句：There are many useful techniques to improve memory. 翻译：有很多有用的技巧可以提高记忆力。 例句： a. She uses special techniques to remember words. b. Many useful techniques can help you memorize faster. c. He learned the basic technique of painting. d. We should learn some memory techniques. 34. passage /ˈpæsɪdʒ/ n. 段落；短文；走廊 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：passages（复数） 完整释义拓展：中考阅读核心必考词，三层词义全覆盖 固定搭配：read the passage 读短文；a short passage 一段文章 课文原句：Read the passage carefully and answer the questions. 翻译：仔细阅读短文并回答问题。 例句： a. We walked through the passage to the garden. b. It is easier to remember a passage’s main idea. c. The teacher asked us to read the passage again. d. The passage tells us a story about memory. 35. likely /ˈlaɪkli/ adj. 可能的 adv. 很可能 词性：形容词 adj. / 副词 adv. 完整释义拓展：中考可能性最高频句型考点，单选、书面表达必考 固定搭配：be likely to do 可能做；It is likely that... 很可能…… 课文原句：He is likely to forget things if he doesn’t review. 翻译：如果不复习，他很可能忘事。 例句： a. It is likely to rain this afternoon. b. She is likely to come to the party. c. It is likely that he will forget the meeting. d. They are likely to arrive late. 36. wear out 动词短语 磨损；使疲惫；耗尽 词性：动词短语 词形变化：wear → wore（过去式）→ worn（过去分词） 完整释义拓展：worn-out形容词化考点：疲惫的、破旧的（完形高频） 固定搭配：wear out shoes 穿坏鞋子；be worn out 疲惫不堪 课文原句：Don’t wear out your brain by studying too long. 翻译：不要学习太久，把大脑累坏了。 例句： a. The shoes are worn out after long walking. b. He was worn out after working for 12 hours. c. The machine will wear out if used too much. d. I feel worn out and need a good rest. 37. discuss /dɪˈskʌs/ v. 讨论；商量 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：discussed（过去式）；discussion（n. 讨论） 完整释义拓展：绝对易错考点：discuss后直接加宾语，不加about 固定搭配：discuss with sb 和某人讨论；discuss a plan 讨论计划 课文原句：We often discuss learning methods in class. 翻译：我们经常在课堂上讨论学习方法。 例句： a. They discussed the question in groups. b. We need to discuss the details of the plan. c. The students discussed the problem happily. d. Let’s discuss how to improve memory. 38. image /ˈɪmɪdʒ/ n. 图像；形象；印象 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：images（复数） 完整释义拓展：读写题型高频，心理图像、个人形象两层核心释义 固定搭配：create a mental image 产生心理图像 课文原句：You can create images in your mind to remember things better. 翻译：你可以在脑海中形成图像来更好地记忆。 例句： a. The image of the teacher is clear in my mind. b. You can create images to help you remember. c. The company wants to improve its image. d. Close your eyes and form an image. 39. graph /ɡrɑːf/ n. 图表；曲线图 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：graphs（复数） 完整释义拓展：数据分析类阅读高频词汇 固定搭配：draw a graph 画图表 课文原句：We can use graphs to organize information clearly. 翻译：我们可以用图表清晰地整理信息。 例句： a. The graph shows the changes in our studies. b. You can use tables and graphs to take notes. c. The teacher drew a graph on the blackboard. d. The graph helps us understand the data easily. 40. view /vjuː/ n. 观点；视野；风景 v. 看待；观看 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：viewed（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：一词多义满分词：观点、景色、看待事物（阅读+写作全覆盖） 固定搭配：point of view 观点；view...as 把……看作 课文原句：We should view things in a positive way. 翻译：我们应该以积极的方式看待事物。 例句： a. She has a different view on the question. b. What is your point of view? c. He viewed the problem as a challenge. d. The house has a good view of the park. 41. effective /ɪˈfektɪv/ adj. 有效的；起作用的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：effectively（adv. 有效地）；effect（n. 效果） 完整释义拓展：写作高分替换词，替换useful、helpful，表高效实用 固定搭配：effective method 有效的方法 课文原句：This is a simple but effective way to remember things. 翻译：这是一个简单却有效的记忆方法。 例句： a. The medicine is effective against colds. b. His way is simple but effective. c. We need more effective learning methods. d. Regular review is the most effective way. 42. engine /ˈendʒɪn/ n. 发动机；引擎 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：engines（复数） 完整释义拓展：比喻义“动力核心”，阅读理解隐喻考点 固定搭配：car engine 汽车发动机 课文原句：Your brain needs food just like an engine needs fuel. 翻译：你的大脑需要食物，就像发动机需要燃料。 例句： a. The engine of the car stopped suddenly. b. The brain works like an engine. c. The engine is very powerful. d. Good mood is the best engine of study. 43. fuel /ˈfjuːəl/ n. 燃料 v. 给…加燃料 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：fueled（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：比喻义“动力、能量来源”，写作优美用词 固定搭配：fuel for the engine 发动机的燃料 课文原句：Healthy food is the best fuel for our brain. 翻译：健康的食物是大脑最好的燃料。 例句： a. The plane ran out of fuel. b. Good food is fuel for your body and brain. c. We must save fuel in our daily life. d. Dreams are the fuel of progress. 44. address /əˈdres/ n. 地址；住址 v. 解决；演讲 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：addresses（复数）；addressed（过去式） 完整释义拓展：超级熟词生义：动词“解决问题”为中考拔高考点 固定搭配：home address 家庭地址；address a problem 解决问题 课文原句：Please write down your name and address on the paper. 翻译：请在纸上写下你的姓名和地址。 例句： a. He forgot the address of the hotel. b. I wrote your email address in my notebook. c. We must try to address the problem. d. Tell me your home address, please. 45. password /ˈpɑːswɜːd/ n. 密码；口令 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：passwords（复数） 完整释义拓展：现代生活类新课标高频词汇 固定搭配：set a password 设置密码 课文原句：You must remember your password carefully. 翻译：你必须认真记住你的密码。 例句： a. Don’t tell anyone your password. b. She forgot her email password. c. You need a password to open the file. d. Please enter your new password. 46. account /əˈkaʊnt/ n. 账户；描述 v. 解释；说明 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：accounts（复数） 完整释义拓展：初高衔接核心词，account for 解释、占据（完形高频） 固定搭配：bank account 银行账户；account for 解释、占据 课文原句：He has a new bank account now. 翻译：他现在有一个新的银行账户。 例句： a. Can you account for your being late? b. You need to remember your account name. c. The company has many customer accounts. d. Hard work accounts for his success. 47. increase /ˈɪŋkriːs/ n. 增加 / ɪnˈkriːs/ v. 增加；提高 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：increased（过去式） 完整释义拓展：重音辨析考点、increase by/to 介词必考区分 固定搭配：increase by 增加了；increase to 增加到 课文原句：This will help increase your memory speed. 翻译：这有助于提高你的记忆速度。 例句： a. The number of students increased this term. b. The population of the city has increased rapidly. c. There was a big increase in our grades. d. We need to increase our reading speed. 48. wild /waɪld/ adj. 野生的；荒凉的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：wildly（adv. 疯狂地）；wildness（n. 野生） 完整释义拓展：环保、自然类写作话题核心词 固定搭配：wild animals 野生动物；in the wild 在野外 课文原句：Some wild animals have very good memories. 翻译：一些野生动物的记忆力非常好。 例句： a. Squirrels live in the wild forests. b. Wild animals should live in nature. c. The flowers grow wild in the field. d. We should protect wild animals. 49. blood /blʌd/ n. 血；血液 词性：名词 n.（不可数） 词形变化：bloody（adj. 血腥的） 完整释义拓展：医疗叙事类阅读高频不可数名词 固定搭配：lose blood 失血；blood pressure 血压 课文原句：He lost a lot of blood and was sent to hospital. 翻译：他失血过多，被送往医院。 例句： a. The doctor checked his blood pressure. b. The man lost much blood in the accident. c. The blood test shows he is healthy. d. Donate blood to help others. 50. wound /wuːnd/ n. 伤口；创伤 v. 使受伤 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：wounded（过去式/过去分词；adj. 受伤的） 完整释义拓展：辨析考点：wound多指刀枪外伤，hurt泛指伤痛 固定搭配：a serious wound 重伤；heal a wound 愈合伤口 课文原句：The wound on his arm is getting better. 翻译：他胳膊上的伤口正在好转。 例句： a. The bullet wounded him in the leg. b. The wound is not serious. c. The doctor cleaned the wound carefully. d. Time can heal all wounds. 51. mall /mɔːl/ n. 购物中心；商场 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：malls（复数） 完整释义拓展：日常情景交际高频地点名词 固定搭配：shopping mall 购物中心 课文原句：Our hotel is near a big shopping mall. 翻译：我们的酒店在一个大型购物中心附近。 例句： a. We often go to the mall on weekends. b. The new mall is very popular with young people. c. There is a supermarket inside the mall. d. I met my friend at the shopping mall. 52. notebook /ˈnəʊtbʊk/ n. 笔记本 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：notebooks（复数） 完整释义拓展：学习类基础必考词汇 固定搭配：take notes in a notebook 在笔记本上记笔记 课文原句：I wrote down the address in my notebook. 翻译：我把地址写在笔记本上了。 例句： a. She bought a new notebook for school. b. I keep a notebook to write down ideas. c. Take out your notebook and take notes. d. My notebook is full of useful knowledge. 53. squirrel /ˈskwɪrəl/ n. 松鼠 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：squirrels（复数） 完整释义拓展：自然科普类阅读高频动物词汇 固定搭配：a little squirrel 小松鼠 课文原句：The squirrel stored many nuts for the winter. 翻译：松鼠储存了很多坚果过冬。 例句： a. The squirrel ran up the tree quickly. b. Squirrels have good memories for food. c. A squirrel is eating nuts in the tree. d. Squirrels are very clever little animals. 54. nut /nʌt/ n. 坚果；螺母 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：nuts（复数） 完整释义拓展：生活、科普类基础词汇 固定搭配：store nuts 储存坚果 课文原句：Squirrels hide nuts in different places. 翻译：松鼠把坚果藏在不同的地方。 例句： a. She likes eating nuts as snacks. b. The squirrel found its hidden nuts easily. c. Nuts are healthy food for us. d. We can eat some nuts every day. 55. dolphin /ˈdɒlfɪn/ n. 海豚 词性：名词 n.（可数） 词形变化：dolphins（复数） 完整释义拓展：动物类阅读高频，褒义智慧类意象词汇 固定搭配：a group of dolphins 一群海豚 课文原句：Dolphins are very smart animals with good memories. 翻译：海豚是非常聪明的动物，记忆力很好。 例句： a. We saw dolphins swimming in the sea. b. Dolphins can recognize each other’s sounds. c. Many people love dolphins very much. d. Dolphins are friendly to humans. 56. recognize /ˈrekəɡnaɪz/ v. 认出；识别；承认 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：recognized（过去式）；recognition（n. 认出） 完整释义拓展：中考高频：认出人/物、承认事实 固定搭配：recognize sb 认出某人；recognize...as 把……认作 课文原句：I recognized her at once although we didn’t meet for long. 翻译：虽然我们很久没见，我还是立刻认出了她。 例句： a. He recognized the song immediately. b. She didn’t recognize me at first. c. We should recognize his good points. d. Dolphins recognize their friends’ calls. 57. outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ n. 大纲；轮廓 v. 概述；概括 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：outlined（过去式/过去分词） 完整释义拓展：读写题型核心技能词汇，列提纲、概括主旨 固定搭配：an outline of the speech 演讲大纲 课文原句：You can make an outline before you memorize the speech. 翻译：在背演讲稿之前，你可以先列一个大纲。 例句： a. The teacher asked us to write an outline. b. He learnt how to create a speech outline. c. She outlined the plan for us. d. An outline helps you remember better. 58. fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地；充分地 词性：副词 adv. 词形变化：full（adj. 满的；完全的） 完整释义拓展：程度副词，写作修饰动词高级用词 固定搭配：fully understand 完全理解；fully recall 完全回忆 课文原句：He practiced until he could fully remember the speech. 翻译：他一直练习，直到能完全记住演讲稿。 例句： a. I fully agree with you. b. The problem has been fully solved. c. We fully understand your feeling. d. She is fully prepared for the exam. 59. divide /dɪˈvaɪd/ v. 分；划分；分开 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：divided（过去式）；division（n. 分开） 完整释义拓展：中考必考搭配，区分divide（整体分部分）与separate（分隔两地） 固定搭配：divide...into 把……分成 课文原句：You can divide the speech into short parts. 翻译：你可以把演讲分成短的部分。 例句： a. The teacher divided the class into four groups. b. Divide the cake into six pieces, please. c. We can divide the work into small parts. d. Dividing helps you remember easily. 60. divide sth into 短语 把某物分成 词性：动词短语 完整释义拓展：中考句型填空、改错核心短语 固定搭配：divide sth into parts 把某物分成部分 课文原句：You can divide the long text into small parts. 翻译：你可以把长课文分成小段。 例句： a. Divide the speech into three parts. b. Please divide the students into groups. c. We need to divide the task into small steps. d. Divide your big goal into small ones. 61. one-size-fits-all /ˌwʌn saɪz fɪts ˈɔːl/ adj. 通用的；一刀切的 词性：形容词 adj. 完整释义拓展：新课标热点词汇，写作教育类话题满分高级词 固定搭配：one-size-fits-all method 万能通用方法 课文原句：There is no one-size-fits-all way to improve memory. 翻译：没有一种万能的方法能提高记忆力。 例句： a. We should avoid a one-size-fits-all plan. b. There is no one-size-fits-all answer. c. Different people need different methods, not one-size-fits-all. d. Education can’t use a one-size-fits-all way. 人教版九年级上册 Unit 5A 1. invention /ɪnˈvenʃn/ n. 发明；创造 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：invent(v.); inventor(n.); inventive(adj.) 固定搭配：the invention of… ……的发明 课文原句：What changes can inventions bring to our lives? 翻译：发明能给我们的生活带来什么变化？ 例句： a. The invention of the plane changed the world. b. This is one of the most important inventions in history. c. The invention of the computer has made our life easier. d. The invention of paper helped spread knowledge widely. 2. camera /ˈkæmərə/ n. 照相机；摄影机 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：cameras(pl.) 固定搭配：take photos with a camera 用相机拍照 课文原句： 翻译： 例句： a. She took many photos with her new camera. b. The camera on the phone is very good. c. He bought a new camera for his trip. d. A mini-camera is connected to Super See to help with reading. 3. laptop /ˈlæptɒp/ n. 笔记本电脑 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：laptops(pl.) 固定搭配：use a laptop 使用笔记本电脑 课文原句： 翻译： 例句： a. I use my laptop to study every day. b. He works on his laptop in the coffee shop. c. The student uses a laptop to take notes in class. d. My laptop is very light and easy to carry. 4. high-speed train /ˈhaɪ spiːd treɪn/ n. 高速列车 词性：名词短语 词形变化：high-speed trains(pl.) 固定搭配：take a high-speed train 乘坐高铁 课文原句： 翻译： 例句： a. The high-speed train is very fast and comfortable. b. I took a high-speed train to Shanghai last week. c. High-speed trains make our trips much shorter. d. The high-speed train can go over 300 km/h. 5. super /ˈsuːpə(r)/ adj. 超级的；顶好的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：— 固定搭配：super useful 超级有用；super easy 非常简单 课文原句：Super See is from Germany. 翻译：“超级看”来自德国。 例句： a. The new invention is super useful for blind people. b. She is super happy with her new camera. c. This book is super interesting for students. d. Super See is a special pair of glasses for the blind. 6. sunglasses /ˈsʌnɡlɑːsɪz/ n. 墨镜；太阳镜 词性：名词 n.（复数名词，无单数） 词形变化：— 固定搭配：a pair of sunglasses 一副太阳镜；wear sunglasses 戴太阳镜 课文原句：They look like sunglasses. 翻译：它们看起来像太阳镜。 例句： a. She bought a new pair of sunglasses for summer. b. He wears sunglasses to protect his eyes from the sun. c. Super See is a special kind of sunglasses. d. The sunglasses are very popular with young people. 7. mini- /ˈmɪni/ prefix. 微型的；短的 词性：前缀 词形变化：— 固定搭配：mini-camera 微型相机；mini-computer 微型电脑 课文原句：A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses. 翻译：一副微型相机连接在眼镜的前部。 例句： a. The mini-camera is very small and light. b. She uses a mini-computer to take notes. c. The mini-camera helps blind people see things. d. A mini-car is easier to park in the city. 8. itself /ɪtˈself/ pron. 它自己 词性：代词 pron.（反身代词） 词形变化：it(主格/宾格); its(形容词性/名词性物主代词) 固定搭配：by itself 独自地；for itself 为它自己；do sth itself 自己做某事 课文原句：The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself. 翻译：油和盐也由机器自己添加。 例句： a. The robot can clean the room by itself. b. The door opened by itself suddenly. c. The machine can make food by itself. d. The computer turned itself off last night. 9. button /ˈbʌtn/ n. 按钮；扣子 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：buttons(pl.) 固定搭配：press a button 按按钮；a shirt button 衬衫扣子 课文原句：Then press this button. 翻译：然后按下这个按钮。 例句： a. Press the red button to start the machine. b. The shirt has lost one of its buttons. c. She pressed the button to turn on the light. d. You need to press the button before cooking. 10. hundreds of /ˈhʌndrədz əv/ 短语 许多；大量 词性：数量短语 词形变化：— 固定搭配：hundreds of people 数百人；hundreds of kinds of 数百种 课文原句：Hundreds of kinds of dishes can be made by Smart Cook. 翻译：“智能厨师”可以制作数百种菜肴。 例句： a. There are hundreds of books in the library. b. Hundreds of people came to the invention exhibition. c. The machine can make hundreds of different dishes. d. Hundreds of students use this learning app every day. 11. produce /prəˈdjuːs/ v. 生产；出产；繁育 / ˈprɒdjuːs/ n. 产品；农产品 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 词形变化：produced(过去式/过去分词); product(n.); production(n.); producer(n.) 固定搭配：produce food 生产食物；produce a film 制作电影；fresh produce 新鲜农产品 课文原句：The object is produced by building up plastic. 翻译：这个物体是通过堆叠塑料生产出来的。 例句： a. The factory produces toys for children. b. This machine can produce hundreds of dishes. c. The farmer sells fresh produce at the market. d. 3D printers can produce many different things. 12. file /faɪl/ n.（计算机的）文件；文件夹 v. 把……归档；提交 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：files(pl.); filed(过去式/过去分词) 固定搭配：send a file 发送文件；a computer file 电脑文件；file a document 归档文件 课文原句：A file is sent to the 3D printer. 翻译：一个文件被发送到3D打印机。 例句： a. Please send the file to my email. b. The teacher saved the file on the computer. c. He created a new file for his homework. d. The 3D printer reads the file to make the object. 13. plastic /ˈplæstɪk/ n. 塑料；塑料制品 adj. 塑料的 词性：名词 n. / 形容词 adj. 词形变化：plastics(pl.) 固定搭配：plastic bags 塑料袋；plastic bottles 塑料瓶；be made of plastic 由塑料制成 课文原句：The object is produced by building up plastic. 翻译：这个物体是通过堆叠塑料生产出来的。 例句： a. The toy is made of plastic. b. We should use less plastic to protect the environment. c. The 3D printer uses plastic to make objects. d. Plastic bottles can be recycled. 14. printer /ˈprɪntə(r)/ n. 打印机；印刷工 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：printers(pl.); print(v.); printing(n.) 固定搭配：a 3D printer 3D打印机；print documents 打印文件 课文原句：What can the 3D printer make? 翻译：3D打印机能做什么？ 例句： a. The school has a new 3D printer. b. He used the printer to print his report. c. The 3D printer can make toys and chairs. d. The printer is connected to the computer. 15. invent /ɪnˈvent/ v. 发明；编造 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：invented(过去式/过去分词); invention(n.); inventor(n.) 固定搭配：invent a new machine 发明新机器；invent a story 编造故事 课文原句：The radio was invented before the 1900s. 翻译：收音机是在20世纪之前发明的。 例句： a. Thomas Edison invented the light bulb. b. Who invented the first airplane? c. She invented a new way to remember words. d. Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. 16. workshop /ˈwɜːkʃɒp/ n. 作坊；讲习班；车间 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：workshops(pl.) 固定搭配：a palace workshop 宫廷作坊；a writing workshop 写作讲习班 课文原句：As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem. 翻译：作为东汉宫廷作坊的主管，蔡伦对解决这个问题产生了兴趣。 例句： a. The carpenter works in his workshop every day. b. The school held a science workshop for students. c. Cai Lun worked in the palace workshop. d. The workshop makes furniture by hand. 17. officer /ˈɒfɪsə(r)/ n. 官员；高级职员 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：officers(pl.); office(n.) 固定搭配：a government officer 政府官员；police officer 警察；palace officer 宫廷官员 课文原句：As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem. 翻译：作为东汉宫廷作坊的主管官员，蔡伦对解决这个问题产生了兴趣。 例句： a. The police officer helped the old man cross the road. b. He is a high-ranking officer in the company. c. Cai Lun was an officer in the Eastern Han Dynasty. d. The officer checked our passports at the airport. 18. expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的；价格高的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：expensively(adv.); expense(n.); inexpensive(adj.) 固定搭配：an expensive car 昂贵的汽车；too expensive 太贵了 课文原句：However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very expensive. 翻译：然而，所有这些材料要么难以使用和储存，要么非常昂贵。 例句： a. The new camera is very expensive. b. This hotel is too expensive for us to stay in. c. The silk clothes were very expensive in ancient times. d. Gold is an expensive metal. 19. jute /dʒuːt/ n. 黄麻纤维 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：— 固定搭配：jute bags 黄麻袋；made from jute 由黄麻制成 课文原句：In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute—a fibre that comes from plants. 翻译：在西汉时期，也有一种非常早期的纸，由黄麻制成——一种来自植物的纤维。 例句： a. The early paper was made from jute. b. Jute is a strong natural fibre. c. The farmer grows jute in his fields. d. The jute bag is very strong and cheap. 20. fibre /ˈfaɪbə(r)/ n. 纤维（美式：fiber） 词性：名词 n. 词形变化：fibres(pl.); fibrous(adj.) 固定搭配：plant fibre 植物纤维；dietary fibre 膳食纤维；jute fibre 黄麻纤维 课文原句：In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute—a fibre that comes from plants. 翻译：在西汉时期，也有一种非常早期的纸，由黄麻制成——一种来自植物的纤维。 例句： a. Cotton is a soft natural fibre. b. The paper is made from plant fibres. c. We need to eat food with more fibre to stay healthy. d. The fibre from trees is used to make paper. 21. none /nʌn/ pron. 没有一个；毫无 词性：代词 pron. 词形变化：— 固定搭配：none of ……中没有一个；none at all 一点也不 课文原句：Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. 翻译：人们尝试了不同的方法来制作书写材料，但没有一种是理想的。 例句： a. None of the students failed the exam. b. None of the ideas worked for the problem. c. I have none of the books you mentioned. d. None of these materials were easy to use. 22. ideal /aɪˈdiːəl/ adj. 最合适的；理想的；完美的人（或事物） 词性：形容词 adj. / 名词 n. 词形变化：ideally(adv.); idealism(n.) 固定搭配：an ideal place 理想的地方；ideal conditions 理想条件；the ideal of ……的理想 课文原句：Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. 翻译：人们尝试了不同的方法来制作书写材料，但没有一种是理想的。 例句： a. This is an ideal place for a picnic. b. The weather today is ideal for hiking. c. The new material was ideal for writing on. d. She found her ideal job in the city. 23. bark /bɑːk/ n. 树皮；（狗等的）吠声 v.（狗）吠叫 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：barks(复数/第三人称单数); barked(过去式/过去分词) 固定搭配：tree bark 树皮；bark at sb. 对某人吠叫 课文原句：In his times, some kinds of bark—the outside part of trees—were used to make clothes. 翻译：在他那个时代，一些树皮——树木的外层——被用来制作衣服。 例句： a. The dog barked at the stranger. b. The bark of the tree is rough and brown. c. Cai Lun used tree bark to make paper. d. The cat hid behind the tree and the dog stopped barking. 24. certain /ˈsɜːtn/ adj. 某些；确定的；必然的 pron.（不提及人或事物的）某些 词性：形容词 adj. / 代词 pron. 词形变化：certainly(adv.); certainty(n.) 固定搭配：a certain kind of 某种；be certain of 确信；for certain 确定地 课文原句：From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on. 翻译：从过去的经验中，蔡伦想到树皮、某些植物和旧衣服可以用来制作一种适合书写的特殊材料。 例句： a. A certain student in our class won the prize. b. I am certain that he will come to the party. c. Certain plants can be used to make paper. d. The team is certain to win the game. 25. press /pres/ v. 压；按；逼迫 n. 新闻界；出版社；按压 词性：动词 v. / 名词 n. 词形变化：pressed(过去式/过去分词); pressing(adj. 紧迫的); pressure(n.) 固定搭配：press a button 按按钮；press clothes 熨衣服；be pressed to do sth. 被迫做某事 课文原句：Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. 翻译：最后，这种纤维被干燥并压制成纸。 例句： a. Press the button to turn on the machine. b. The workers pressed the wet fibre to make paper. c. He pressed the doorbell but no one answered. d. The teacher pressed the students to finish their homework on time. 26. frozen /ˈfrəʊzn/ adj. 冻硬的；冰封的；冷藏的 词性：形容词 adj. 词形变化：freeze(v. 结冰); freezing(adj. 极冷的); frozen(过去分词/形容词) 固定搭配：frozen ground 冻土；frozen food 冷冻食品；frozen river 冰封的河流 课文原句：In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on. 翻译：夏天，冻土层的表层会融化，变得太软而无法在上面建造。 例句： a. The lake is frozen in winter. b. The ground is frozen hard in the cold weather. c. The food is kept frozen in the fridge. d. The path was covered with frozen snow. 27. complete /kəmˈpliːt/ v. 完成；结束 adj. 完全的；彻底的 词性：动词 v. / 形容词 adj. 词形变化：completed(过去式/过去分词); completely(adv. 完全地); completion(n. 完成) 固定搭配：complete a task 完成任务；complete success 完全成功；be completed 被完成 课文原句：The Qinghai-Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. 翻译：青藏铁路于2006年建成。 例句： a. The project was completed ahead of schedule. b. She needs one more piece to complete the puzzle. c. The railway was completed after many years of hard work. d. The students completed their homework on time. 28. layer /ˈleɪə(r)/ n. 层；表层 v. 把……分层 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：layers(pl.); layered(过去式/过去分词; adj. 分层的) 固定搭配：a layer of ……的一层；the top layer 顶层；layer cake 分层蛋糕 课文原句：In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on. 翻译：夏天，冻土层的表层会融化，变得太软而无法在上面建造。 例句： a. There is a thin layer of ice on the lake. b. The cake has three layers of chocolate. c. The top layer of the soil is very rich. d. The building is covered with a layer of white paint. 29. liquid /ˈlɪkwɪd/ n. 液体 adj. 液体的；液态的 词性：名词 n. / 形容词 adj. 词形变化：liquids(pl.); liquid(adj. 液态的) 固定搭配：a clear liquid 透明液体；liquid water 液态水；turn into liquid 变成液体 课文原句：Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. 翻译：接下来，液体被倒在竹筛上，只留下纤维。 例句： a. Water is a common liquid. b. The liquid was poured into the glass carefully. c. The metal turns into liquid when it is heated. d. The doctor told him to drink more liquid. 30. pipe /paɪp/ n. 管道；管子；烟斗 v. 用管道输送 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：pipes(pl.); piped(过去式/过去分词) 固定搭配：water pipes 水管；gas pipes 煤气管；pipe water 用管道输水 课文原句：However, in some places, it was impossible to use pipes to keep the railway over the frozen ground. 翻译：然而，在一些地方，不可能使用管道来让铁路保持在冻土之上。 例句： a. The water pipe in the kitchen is broken. b. The workers are repairing the gas pipes. c. The railway uses pipes to keep the ground frozen. d. He lit his pipe and sat down by the fire. 31. melt /melt/ v.（使）融化；逐渐消失 词性：动词 v. 词形变化：melted(过去式/过去分词); melting(现在分词; adj. 融化的) 固定搭配：melt ice 融化冰；melt into tears 哭起来；melt away 消失 课文原句：In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on. 翻译：夏天，冻土层的表层会融化，变得太软而无法在上面建造。 例句： a. The snow melted quickly in the sun. b. The ice cream melted before I could eat it. c. The warm sun melted the ice on the lake. d. Her anger melted when she saw the children. 32. tunnel /ˈtʌnl/ n. 隧道；地下通道 v. 开凿隧道 词性：名词 n. / 动词 v. 词形变化：tunnels(pl.); tunnelled(过去式/过去分词) 固定搭配：a railway tunnel 铁路隧道；build a tunnel 修建隧道；go through a tunnel 穿过隧道 课文原句：However, in some places, it was impossible to build on, so tunnels had to be created instead. 翻译：然而，在一些地方无法在上面建造，因此不得不开凿隧道。 例句： a. The train went through a long tunnel. b. They built a tunnel through the mountain. c. The tunnel is dark and $