Unit5词汇汇总 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

表格_20260528 · 译林版八下unit5词汇汇总 序号 单词 音标（考点） 词性和词义（考点） 词性延伸（考试重点） 固定搭配（考点） 词性转换（考试重点+助力阅读） 例句（熟悉使用） 首字母填空（熟悉考点） 1 manners /ˈmænəz/ n. [pl.] 礼仪，礼貌 n. 复数名词（本身为复数） good manners 有礼貌 manner n. 方式；态度 It's good manners to say "thank you" when someone helps you. It's bad m____ to talk with your mouth full of food. bad manners 没礼貌 table manners 餐桌礼仪 2 litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ n. 垃圾 n. 不可数名词 drop litter 扔垃圾 litterer n. 乱扔垃圾的人 We should not throw litter on the ground in the park. Please don't drop l____ in the street. Keep our city clean. v. 乱扔垃圾 v. 过去式：littered No littering! 禁止乱扔垃圾 过去分词：littered 现在分词：littering 3 tap /tæp/ n. 水龙头 n. 可数名词，复数：taps turn on/off the tap 开 / 关水龙头 — Please turn off the tap when you brush your teeth to save water. Don't leave the t____ running. It wastes a lot of water. v. 轻敲 v. 过去式：tapped tap the desk 轻敲桌子 过去分词：tapped 现在分词：tapping 4 wait in line /weɪt ɪn laɪn/ 短语：排队等候 动词短语 wait in line for sth 排队等某物 — We should wait in line when we buy tickets at the station. Please w____ i____ l____ and don't push other people. wait in line patiently 耐心排队 5 patiently /ˈpeɪʃntli/ adv. 耐心地 adv. 比较级：more patiently wait patiently 耐心等待 patient adj. 耐心的；n. 病人 She waited patiently for her turn to see the doctor. Please wait p____. The teacher will be with you soon. 最高级：most patiently listen patiently 耐心倾听 patience n. 耐心 6 congratulations /kənˌɡrætʃuˈleɪʃnz/ n. [pl.] 祝贺 n. 复数名词（本身为复数） congratulations to sb on sth 祝贺某人某事 congratulate v. 祝贺 Congratulations on winning the English speech competition! C____! You have passed the driving test successfully. offer congratulations 表示祝贺 7 *hallway /ˈhɔːlweɪ/ n. 走廊；正门过道 n. 可数名词，复数：hallways in the hallway 在走廊里 hall n. 大厅；走廊 Don't run in the hallway. It's very dangerous. The students are talking loudly in the h____ between classes. school hallway 学校走廊 8 on time /ɒn taɪm/ 短语：准时 介词短语 arrive on time 准时到达 — Please come to the meeting on time. Don't be late. The school bus arrived o____ t____ despite the heavy rain. finish on time 准时完成 9 feel at home /fiːl æt həʊm/ 短语：舒适自在，不拘束 动词短语 make sb feel at home 使某人感到宾至如归 — The warm and friendly host made us feel at home. Her kindness made me f____ a____ h____ in her new house. 10 *normally /ˈnɔːməli/ adv. 通常 adv. 无比较级最高级 normally speaking 通常来说 normal adj. 正常的 I normally get up at 7 o'clock on weekdays. I n____ go to bed at 10 pm every night. as normally as usual 和往常一样 normality n. 正常 11 address /əˈdres/ vt. 称呼（某人） vt. 过去式：addressed address sb as sth 称呼某人为某物 — We should address our teachers politely at school. You should a____ your teachers as "Mr." or "Ms.". n. 地址 过去分词：addressed home address 家庭地址 现在分词：addressing n. 可数名词，复数：addresses 12 politeness /pəˈlaɪtnəs/ n. 礼貌 n. 不可数名词 show politeness to sb 对某人有礼貌 polite adj. 有礼貌的 Politeness costs nothing but wins everything. P____ is very important when we communicate with others. politeness and respect 礼貌与尊重 impolite adj. 不礼貌的 politely adv. 礼貌地 13 realize /ˈriːəlaɪz/ vt. & vi. (= realise) 意识到；实现 过去式：realized realize one's mistake 意识到自己的错误 realization n. 认识；实现 I suddenly realized that I had left my keys at home. He didn't r____ his mistake until his teacher told him. 过去分词：realized realize one's dream 实现梦想 现在分词：realizing 14 behave /bɪˈheɪv/ vi. 表现；举止 过去式：behaved behave well 表现好 behavior n. 行为；举止 The children behaved very well at the dinner party. You should b____ yourself when you visit your grandparents. 过去分词：behaved behave badly 表现差 现在分词：behaving behave oneself 守规矩 15 differently /ˈdɪfrəntli/ adv. 不同地 adv. 比较级：more differently think differently 想法不同 different adj. 不同的 Different people may think differently about the same problem. My sister and I dress d____ even though we are twins. 最高级：most differently treat sb differently 区别对待某人 difference n. 不同；差异 16 when it comes to (doing) sth /wen ɪt kʌmz tuː ˈsʌmθɪŋ/ 短语：当涉及某事（或做某事）时 连词短语 when it comes to studying 当涉及学习时 — When it comes to playing basketball, he is the best in our class. W____ i____ c____ t____ English, she is much better than me. when it comes to sports 当涉及运动时 17 praise /preɪz/ n. & vt. 称赞，赞美 n. 不可数名词 praise sb for sth 因某事称赞某人 praiseworthy adj. 值得赞扬的 The teacher praised Tom for his excellent homework. The teacher p____ her for her brave action. vt. 过去式：praised win praise 赢得赞扬 过去分词：praised 现在分词：praising 18 pleased /pliːzd/ adj. 高兴的；满意的 adj. 比较级：more pleased be pleased with sth 对某事满意 please v. 使高兴；请 I am very pleased with your progress this term. My parents were very p____ with my exam results. 最高级：most pleased be pleased to do sth 高兴做某事 pleasure n. 愉快；乐事 pleasant adj. 令人愉快的 19 instead of /ɪnˈsted əv/ 短语：代替，作为… 的替换 介词短语 instead of doing sth 代替做某事 instead adv. 代替；反而 I stayed at home instead of going out yesterday. Let's go for a walk i____ o____ watching TV at home. instead of sb 代替某人 20 reply /rɪˈplaɪ/ vt. & vi. 回答，答复 vt. & vi. 过去式：replied reply to sb/sth 回复某人 / 某物 — She replied to my email immediately after she received it. Please r____ to my letter as soon as possible. n. 回答，答复 过去分词：replied give a reply 给出答复 现在分词：replying n. 可数名词，复数：replies 21 *modest /ˈmɒdɪst/ adj. 谦虚的 adj. 比较级：more modest be modest about sth 对某事谦虚 modesty n. 谦虚 He is very modest about his great achievements. She is a m____ girl and never shows off her talent. 最高级：most modest modest person 谦虚的人 22 openly /ˈəʊpənli/ adv. 公开地，毫不隐瞒地 adv. 无比较级最高级 talk openly 坦诚交谈 open adj. 开着的；公开的；v. 打开 They talked openly about their problems and solved them together. We should discuss our ideas o____ and honestly. express opinions openly 公开表达意见 23 host /həʊst/ n. 主人；主持人 n. 可数名词，复数：hosts host a party 举办派对 hostess n. 女主人；女主持人 She was an excellent host at the international conference. Our school will h____ the sports meeting next month. v. 主办；主持 v. 过去式：hosted host a meeting 主持会议 过去分词：hosted 现在分词：hosting 24 *hospitable /hɒˈspɪtəbl/ adj. 好客的，热情友好的 adj. 比较级：more hospitable be hospitable to sb 对某人好客 hospitality n. 好客；热情 The local people are very hospitable to visitors from all over the world. The h____ family treated us to a delicious dinner. 最高级：most hospitable hospitable family 好客的家庭 25 plate /pleɪt/ n. 盘子，碟子 n. 可数名词，复数：plates a plate of 一盘 — She put the cake on a beautiful white plate. Please pass me a clean p____. I want to have some rice. on the plate 在盘子里 26 refuse /rɪˈfjuːz/ vi. & vt. 拒绝，回绝 过去式：refused refuse to do sth 拒绝做某事 refusal n. 拒绝 He refused to go to the party because he was ill. She r____ to accept my gift because she thought it was too expensive. 过去分词：refused refuse sb's invitation 拒绝某人的邀请 现在分词：refusing 27 get used to sth /ɡet juːzd tuː sʌmθɪŋ/ 短语：习惯于某事 动词短语 get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事 — It took me a month to get used to the new school life. I have g____ u____ t____ the cold weather here. be used to sth 习惯于某事（状态） 28 fully /ˈfʊli/ adv. 完全地，全部地，充分地 adv. 无比较级最高级 fully understand 完全理解 full adj. 满的；完全的 I fully understand what you mean now. You need to f____ explain your plan to us. fully agree 完全同意 29 all at once /ɔːl æt wʌns/ 短语：一起，同时 副词短语 all at once = suddenly 突然 — All at once, the lights went out and the room became dark. A____ a____ o____, everyone started clapping. 30 jump the line /dʒʌmp ðə laɪn/ 短语：插队 动词短语 jump the queue = jump the line 插队 — It's impolite to jump the line when you are waiting for the bus. Don't j____ t____ l____. We should wait for our turn. it's rude to jump the line 插队是粗鲁的 31 loudly /ˈlaʊdli/ adv. 大声地；吵闹地 adv. 比较级：more loudly speak loudly 大声说话 loud adj. 大声的；响亮的 Don't talk loudly in the library. Please don't speak l____ in the hospital. 最高级：most loudly laugh loudly 大声笑 32 cool off /kuːl ɒf/ 短语：变凉，冷却下来；冷静下来 动词短语 cool off in the river 在河里凉快一下 — We went swimming to cool off on a hot summer day. Let's go inside to c____ o____. It's too hot outside. cool off after an argument 争吵后冷静下来 33 case /keɪs/ n. 特殊情况；病例；案例；箱子 n. 可数名词，复数：cases in case 以防万一 — In some cases, it's better to keep silent. In this c____, we have to change our plan. in this case 在这种情况下 a case of flu 流感病例 34 in case /ɪn keɪs/ 短语：以防万一 连词短语 in case of sth 万一发生某事 — Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. I will take a notebook i____ c____ I need to write something down. take an umbrella in case 带把伞以防万一 35 run into sb/sth /rʌn ˈɪntuː ˈsʌmbədi/ 短语：撞上；偶然遇见 动词短语 run into a tree 撞到树上 — I ran into my primary school teacher in the supermarket yesterday. I r____ i____ my old friend in the street yesterday. run into an old friend 偶然遇见一位老朋友 36 push /pʊʃ/ vi. & vt. 挤开；推动 vi. & vt. 过去式：pushed push the door 推门 — Please don't push others when you get on the bus. Don't p____. Let's get on the bus one by one. n. 推 过去分词：pushed push sb aside 把某人推开 现在分词：pushing n. 可数名词，复数：pushes 37 past /pɑːst/ prep. 在另一边，到另一侧；经过 prep.（无变化） walk past the park 走过公园 pass v. 通过；经过 She walked past my house without stopping. The post office is just p____ the bank on the left. adj. 过去的 adj. 无比较级最高级 in the past 在过去 n. 过去 n. 不可数名词 past experience 过去的经验 38 in one's way /ɪn wʌnz weɪ/ 短语：挡着… 的路 介词短语 get in one's way 挡某人的路 — Could you move your bike? It's in my way. Please move your chair. It's i____ m____ w____. move out of one's way 让开 39 discussion /dɪˈskʌʃn/ n. 讨论 n. 可数 / 不可数名词，复数：discussions have a discussion about sth 讨论某事 discuss v. 讨论 We had a long discussion about our summer vacation plans. We had a heated d____ about the problem in class today. under discussion 在讨论中 40 cheat /tʃiːt/ vi. & vt. 欺骗；作弊 过去式：cheated cheat in the exam 考试作弊 cheater n. 骗子；作弊者 It's wrong to cheat in the exam. He was punished because he c____ in the math exam. 过去分词：cheated cheat sb out of sth 骗某人某物 现在分词：cheating 41 promise /ˈprɒmɪs/ vt. & vi. 承诺，许诺 vt. & vi. 过去式：promised promise to do sth 承诺做某事 promising adj. 有前途的 He promised to help me with my English. I p____ to come to your birthday party on time. n. 承诺，诺言 过去分词：promised keep a promise 遵守诺言 现在分词：promising break a promise 违背诺言 n. 可数名词，复数：promises 42 keep one's word /kiːp wʌnz wɜːd/ 短语：信守诺言 动词短语 keep one's word to sb 对某人信守诺言 — He is a man who always keeps his word. You should k____ y____ w____ if you make a promise. 43 pear /peə(r)/ n. 梨 n. 可数名词，复数：pears a pear tree 梨树 — I ate a pear for breakfast this morning. Would you like a p____? It's very sweet and juicy. a box of pears 一箱梨 44 even though /ˈiːvn ðəʊ/ 短语：尽管，即使 连词短语 even though = although 尽管 — Even though it was raining, we still went to the park. E____ t____ he is very old, he still exercises every day. 45 own /əʊn/ vt. 拥有 vt. 过去式：owned own a car 拥有一辆车 owner n. 主人；所有者 He owns a big house in the countryside. She wants to have her o____ room when she grows up. adj. 自己的 过去分词：owned one's own 某人自己的 现在分词：owning adj. 无比较级最高级 46 respectfully /rɪˈspektfəli/ adv. 尊敬地 adv. 比较级：more respectfully speak respectfully to sb 尊敬地和某人说话 respect v. & n. 尊敬；尊重 We should speak respectfully to our elders. The students listened r____ to the old soldier's story. 最高级：most respectfully treat sb respectfully 尊敬地对待某人 respectful adj. 尊敬的 47 move /muːv/ vt. 使感动，打动；移动；搬家 vt. 过去式：moved be moved by sth 被某事感动 movement n. 运动；活动 I was deeply moved by the movie. The sad story m____ all of us to tears. 过去分词：moved move to a new house 搬到新家 现在分词：moving adj. moved 感动的 moving 令人感动的 48 earphones /ˈɪəfəʊnz/ n. [pl.] 耳机 n. 复数名词（本身为复数） a pair of earphones 一副耳机 — I always wear earphones when I listen to music on the bus. I need a new pair of e____ because my old ones are broken. wear earphones 戴耳机 49 circle /ˈsɜːkl/ n. 圆圈；圈子 n. 可数名词，复数：circles draw a circle 画一个圆圈 circular adj. 圆形的 The children sat in a circle around the teacher. Please draw a c____ around the correct answer. v. 画圈；盘旋 v. 过去式：circled a circle of friends 朋友圈 过去分词：circled 现在分词：circling 50 *tip /tɪp/ n. 小费；建议；尖端 n. 可数名词，复数：tips give a tip 给小费 — He gave the waiter a generous tip. Can you give me some t____ on how to learn English well? a tip for sth 某事的建议 the tip of the pen 笔尖 51 peaceful /ˈpiːsfl/ adj. 安宁的，平静的 adj. 比较级：more peaceful peaceful life 平静的生活 peace n. 和平；平静 We live a peaceful life in the countryside. The lake is so p____ in the early morning. 最高级：most peaceful peaceful place 宁静的地方 peacefully adv. 平静地；和平地 52 impolite /ˌɪmpəˈlaɪt/ adj. 失礼的，粗鲁的 adj. 比较级：more impolite it's impolite to do sth 做某事是不礼貌的 polite adj. 有礼貌的 It's impolite to laugh at others. It's i____ to talk loudly in the library. 最高级：most impolite impolite behavior 不礼貌的行为 politeness n. 礼貌 impolitely adv. 不礼貌地 53 trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ vt. 麻烦；使烦恼；折磨 vt. 过去式：troubled trouble sb with sth 因某事麻烦某人 troublesome adj. 麻烦的；讨厌的 I'm sorry to trouble you, but could you help me? I don't want to t____ you with my problems. n. 麻烦；困难 过去分词：troubled have trouble (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 现在分词：troubling get into trouble 陷入麻烦 n. 不可数名词 54 one another /wʌn əˈnʌðə(r)/ 短语：互相 代词短语 help one another 互相帮助 each other 互相（同义） We should help one another when we are in trouble. The students in our class often help o____ a____. learn from one another 互相学习 55 hug /hʌɡ/ n., vt. & vi. 拥抱 n. 可数名词，复数：hugs give sb a hug 给某人一个拥抱 — She gave her mother a big hug when she came home. The mother h____ her child tightly when she saw him. vt. & vi. 过去式：hugged hug each other 互相拥抱 过去分词：hugged 现在分词：hugging 56 kiss /kɪs/ n., vt. & vi. 亲吻 n. 可数名词，复数：kisses kiss sb goodbye 吻别某人 — She kissed her baby on the forehead. The parents k____ their children goodnight before they went to bed. vt. & vi. 过去式：kissed give sb a kiss 给某人一个吻 过去分词：kissed 现在分词：kissing 57 quietly /ˈkwaɪətli/ adv. 安静地，平静地 adv. 比较级：more quietly speak quietly 轻声说话 quiet adj. 安静的；平静的 Please speak quietly. The baby is sleeping. She closed the door q____ so as not to wake the baby. 最高级：most quietly sit quietly 安静地坐着 58 tasty /ˈteɪsti/ adj. 美味的，可口的 adj. 比较级：tastier tasty food 美味的食物 taste v. 品尝；n. 味道；品味 My mother cooked a tasty dinner for us. The cake is very t____. Would you like a piece? 最高级：tastiest tasty meal 美味的一餐 59 rush /rʌʃ/ vt. & vi. 急促；仓促行事；冲，涌 vt. & vi. 过去式：rushed rush to sp 冲向某地 — Don't rush. We have plenty of time. Don't r____ to finish your homework. You may make mistakes. n. 冲；匆忙 过去分词：rushed rush hour 高峰时间 现在分词：rushing in a rush 匆忙地 n. 不可数名词 60 unless /ənˈles/ conj. 除非 conj.（引导条件状语从句，相当于 if not） unless you work hard 除非你努力学习 — You will fail the exam unless you study hard. You can't go out u____ you finish your homework first. 61 be about to do sth /bi əˈbaʊt tuː duː sʌmθɪŋ/ 短语：即将，正要（做某事） 动词短语 be about to do sth when... 正要做某事这时… — I was about to leave when the phone rang. We were a____ a____ t____ leave when it started to rain. $