暑假第8讲Unit 2 Getting along语法练习（讲义）-2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

新初二暑假自学课 外研2024版 · 暑假衔接专用 ┌─────────────────────────────┐ 第8讲 Unit 2 Getting along — 语法练习 └─────────────────────────────┘ ⊙ 适用年级：新八年级（七升八） ⊙ 教材版本：外研2024版 ⊙ 内容说明：巩固现在完成时（since/for）和并列连词（neither...nor / both...and / either...or）在人际交往语境中的运用 Part 1 温故知新 —— 基础时态回顾与连接词复习 一、现在完成时——基本结构回顾 现在完成时由“have/has + 过去分词”构成，表示过去发生的动作对现在有影响，或从过去持续到现在的动作。 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + have/has + 过去分词 I have finished my homework. 否定句 主语 + haven't/hasn't + 过去分词 She hasn't come yet. 一般疑问句 Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词? Have you ever been to Beijing? 特殊疑问句 疑问词 + have/has + 主语 + 过去分词? How long have you lived here? 二、并列连词——基础回顾 学过的常见并列连词： 连词 含义 and 和；并且（并列/顺承） but 但是（转折） or 或者；否则（选择/警告） so 所以（因果） because 因为（原因） 三、热身练习——快速判断 判断下列句子是否正确（T/F）： 1. I have went to the library. ______ 2. She has lived here since 2020. ______ 3. He hasn't finish his homework yet. ______ 4. Neither Tom nor his sisters likes football. ______ 5. Both my parents are teachers. ______ Part 2 习新知法 —— Unit 2 核心语法精讲 一、现在完成时——since 与 for 的用法 Unit 2中首次系统学习现在完成时。这是八年级最重要的语法之一！ 1. 现在完成时的核心用法 ① “已完成”：过去发生的动作对现在有影响 例：I have finished my homework. (现在作业已完成) ② “未完成”：从过去持续到现在的动作或状态 例：I have lived here for ten years. (现在还住在这里) 2. since 与 for 的区别（必考！） since for 含义 自从…… 持续了…… 后接 时间点 / 从句（一般过去时） 时间段 例句 since 2020 / since I was 10 for three years / for a long time 提问 How long + 现在完成时？ How long + 现在完成时？ 例句对比： I have studied English for three years.（时间段） I have studied English since 2023.（时间点） I have studied English since I was 12.（从句） 3. 过去分词变化规则 规则变化：与过去式相同 —— 加-ed （play→played→played） 不规则动词：需要单独记忆！ 原形 过去式 过去分词 be (am/is/are) was/were been have/has had had do/does did done go went gone see saw seen eat ate eaten know knew known make made made 现在完成时练习：用 since 或 for 填空 1. I have known her ______ three years. 2. They have lived here ______ 2021. 3. She has studied English ______ she was six. 4. We have been friends ______ a long time. 5. He has worked at this school ______ 2019. 用所给动词的现在完成时填空： 6. I ______ (finish) my homework already. 7. She ______ (not, come) back yet. 8. ______ you ever ______ (be) to Shanghai? 9. They ______ (live) here since 2018. 10. He ______ (just, arrive). 二、并列连词——both...and / either...or / neither...nor Unit 2重点学习以下成对连词，用来连接两个并列的成分。 1. both...and... “两者都……/既……又……” Both Tom and Jerry are my friends. She is both kind and smart. 谓语动词用复数：both A and B + 复数动词 2. either...or... “要么……要么……/或者……或者……” Either you or he is wrong.（就近原则→动词跟he） You can either stay or leave. 3. neither...nor... “既不……也不……” Neither Tom nor his friends are coming.（就近→复数） She likes neither coffee nor tea. 4. not only...but also... “不仅……而且……” Not only the students but also the teacher is excited.（就近→单数） He not only sings well but also dances well. 易错提醒：either...or / neither...nor / not only...but also 连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循就近原则（靠近动词的那个主语决定动词形式）。 并列连词练习：用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Both my father and my mother ______ (be) teachers. 2. Neither the students nor the teacher ______ (know) the answer. 3. Either you or he ______ (have) to clean the room. 4. Not only the parents but also the child ______ (be) happy. 5. Both Tom and Jerry ______ (like) playing football. 6. Neither I nor she ______ (be) wrong. 三、表示建议的句型——Unit 2交际功能 在与人相处的语境中，常需要给出建议： 句型 例句 You should / shouldn't... You should talk to your parents. Why don't you...? Why don't you ask for help? What about...? What about having a talk? Let's... Let's find a solution together. 建议句型练习：仿照例子完成句子 1. 你应该尊重你的同学。 You ______ ______ your classmates. 2. 为什么不和你的老师谈谈呢？ ______ ______ you talk to your teacher? 3. 我们一起制定一个计划吧。 ______ ______ a plan together. Part 3 基础巩固 —— Unit 2 语法练习（不附答案） 一、单项选择 1. I have ______ this school for two years. A. been to B. been in C. gone to D. gone in 2. She has ______ a good friend since primary school. A. known B. know C. knew D. knows 3. Neither the students nor the teacher ______ the answer. A. know B. knows C. is knowing D. have known 4. Both his parents ______ doctors. A. is B. am C. are D. be 5. ______ you ever ______ to the Great Wall? A. Have; gone B. Have; been C. Did; go D. Do; go 6. He has lived here ______ 2015. A. for B. since C. in D. at 7. Not only Tom but also I ______ interested in science. A. am B. is C. are D. be 8. Why ______ you ask your teacher for advice? A. don't B. not C. aren't D. doesn't 9. I have finished my homework ______. A. yet B. already C. since D. for 10. Either you or he ______ to clean the classroom. A. have B. has C. are D. were 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. She already ______ (finish) her homework. 2. I ______ (not, see) that film yet. 3. They ______ (be) friends since they were children. 4. Both my sister and I ______ (like) reading. 5. Neither the father nor the mother ______ (be) at home. 6. He ______ (know) her for five years. 7. Not only you but also she ______ (be) wrong. 8. Either Tom or his friends ______ (play) basketball after school. 9. I ______ (have) this book since last month. 10. ______ you ever ______ (eat) Beijing duck? 三、按要求改写句子 1. I have seen this film before.（改为否定句） I ______ ______ this film before. 2. She has lived here for ten years.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ has she lived here? 3. Both Tom and Jerry like football.（改为否定句） ______ Tom ______ Jerry likes football. 4. He has already finished his work.（改为一般疑问句） ______ he ______ his work yet? 5. He is smart. He is also kind.（合并为一句） He is ______ smart ______ kind. Part 4 提高挑战 —— 语法综合运用（不附答案） 一、完形填空——现在完成时与并列连词 I ______ (have) a best friend named Li Ming. We ______ (know) each other since primary school. We ______ always ______ (be) good friends. ______ Li Ming nor I ______ (have) any brothers. We often play together. Both Li Ming and I ______ (like) sports. Not only he but also I ______ (be) on the school basketball team. We ______ (practise) together every weekend. I'm glad that I have such a good friend. (1) A. have B. has C. had D. will have (2) A. known B. knew C. have known D. knows (3) A. has B. have C. are D. do (4) A. been B. being C. be D. was (5) A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. Not only (6) A. have B. has C. is D. are (7) A. like B. likes C. is liking D. liked (8) A. am B. is C. are D. be (9) A. practise B. practises C. is practising D. have practised 二、阅读理解——现在完成时应用 Hello! My name is Wang Lin. I have lived in Shanghai for 12 years. I have studied in this school since 2022. I have made many good friends here. I have known my best friend Zhang Wei for three years. He is very kind and helpful. We have never argued with each other. We both like playing basketball. Neither of us likes playing computer games. We have been friends for a long time. I believe our friendship will last forever. 1. How long has Wang Lin lived in Shanghai? A. For 2 years. B. For 12 years. C. Since 2022. D. Since 12 years. 2. When did Wang Lin start studying in this school? A. In 2022. B. Three years ago. C. 12 years ago. D. In 2020. 3. How long has Wang Lin known Zhang Wei? A. For 12 years. B. Since 2022. C. For three years. D. For a long time. 4. Which of the following is TRUE? A. Wang Lin and Zhang Wei have argued before. B. Both of them like playing computer games. C. Neither of them likes playing computer games. D. Zhang Wei is not very helpful. 5. The word “friendship” means ______ in Chinese. A. 友谊 B. 家人 C. 关系 D. 感情 三、翻译句子——综合运用本讲语法 1. 我在这所学校已经学习三年了。 I ______ ______ in this school ______ three years. 2. 你和他都不对。 ______ you ______ he is right. 3. 她自从六岁就学英语了。 She has learned English ______ she ______ six. 4. 我从来没去过北京。 I have ______ ______ to Beijing. 5. 不仅学生们，老师也很开心。 ______ ______ the students ______ also the teacher is happy. Part 5 本讲总结 Unit 2 核心语法对比表 现在完成时：have/has + 过去分词 since + 时间点（具体时间/从句） for + 时间段（two years / a long time） 并列连词： both...and... “两者都” either...or... “要么……要么……” neither...nor... “既不……也不……” not only...but also... “不仅……而且……” 规律：either...or / neither...nor / not only...but also 遵循就近原则 参考答案 Part 1 温故知新 — 热身练习 1. F (went→gone) 2. T 3. F (finish→finished) 4. F (likes→like，就近friends复数) 5. T Part 2 习新知法 since/for填空 1. for 2. since 3. since 4. for 5. since 现在完成时填空 6. have finished 7. hasn't come 8. Have; been 9. have lived 10. has just arrived 并列连词练习 1. are 2. knows 3. has 4. is 5. like 6. is 建议句型 1. should respect 2. Why don't 3. Let's make Part 3 基础巩固 一、单项选择 1. B 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. B 10. B 二、用所给词填空 1. has already finished 2. haven't seen 3. have been 4. like 5. is 6. has known 7. is 8. play 9. have had 10. Have; eaten 三、句型转换 1. haven't seen 2. How long 3. Neither; nor 4. Has; finished 5. both; and Part 4 提高挑战 一、完形填空 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. A 5. B 6. A 7. A 8. A 9. A 二、阅读理解 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A 三、翻译 1. have studied; for 2. Neither; nor 3. since; was 4. never been 5. Not only; but 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $