（江苏南京卷）期末必刷卷-- 2025-2026学年 译林版 八年级英语下学期

（江苏南京卷）期末必刷卷-- 2025-2026学年 译林版 八年级英语下学期 解析卷 注意事项： 1.全卷满分90分。考试时间为90分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上, 答在本试卷上无效。 2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将 自己的姓名、考试证号用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效。 选择题（共40分） 一、单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分） 请认真阅读下列各题,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1．—What do you think of his talk? —Wonderful. I have never heard ________ better one before. A．the B．a C．an D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得他的演讲怎么样？——太棒了。我以前从未听过一个更好的演讲了。 the定冠词；a一个；an一个；/不填。根据“Wonderful.”可知对演讲评价很高，“never heard...better one”是用比较级表示最高级含义，泛指“一个”更好的，且better以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。 2．70 percent of the students in the class ________ from Wuxi. Half of their work ________ already finished. A．is; are B．are; are C．is; is D．are; is 【答案】D 【详解】句意：班里70%的学生来自无锡。他们一半的工作已经完成了。 is 是（单数）；are 是（复数）。当“百分数/分数 + of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由of后的名词决定。第一空of后是复数名词students，谓语动词用复数are；第二空of后是不可数名词work，谓语动词用单数is。are; is符合该语境逻辑，其他选项均不符合，应填are; is。 3．The bag is ________ heavy for her ________ carry. A．so; that B．too; to C．enough; to D．very; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个包太重了，她提不动。 so; that如此……以至于……（that后接完整的句子，引导结果状语从句）；too; to太……而不能……（too置于形容词/副词前，to后接动词原形）；enough; to足够……可以……（enough修饰形容词/副词时需置于其后）；very; to无此固定搭配。根据第一空在形容词“heavy”的前面，且第二空后接动词原形“carry”可知，此处是“too+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”表示“太……以至于某人不能做某事”的结构，应填too; to。 4．— Here is the menu: What would you like to order? —I’m so hungry. ________ is OK. A．Something B．Everything C．Anything D．Nothing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——这是菜单：你想点什么？——我太饿了。什么都可以。 Something某事、某物；Everything一切事物；Anything任何事物；Nothing没有什么。根据“I’m so hungry.”可知说话人非常饿，不挑剔，表示“任何东西都可以”，Anything符合语境。 5．Everyone knows ______ trees can make the air fresh. A．where B．when C．that D．why 【答案】C 【详解】句意：大家都知道树木能使空气清新。 where哪里；when什么时候；that无实义；why为什么。从句“trees can make the air fresh”结构完整，表达一个客观事实，不缺成分，故用that引导宾语从句。故选C。 6．________ dangerous ________ in the river alone. A．It’s; swim B．That’s; swim C．It’s; to swim D．That’s; to swim 【答案】C 【详解】句意：独自在河里游泳很危险。 It’s+形容词+to do sth.是固定句型，表示“做某事是……的”，其中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to do。因此第一空用It’s，第二空用to swim。 7．Kevin, a ________ cat from Russia, has become famous on the Internet because of his ________ look at every visitor. A．4 years old; surprised B．4 years old; surprising C．4-year-old; surprised D．4-year-old; surprising 【答案】D 【详解】句意：凯文，一只来自俄罗斯的4岁的猫，因为它对每位访客令人惊讶的表情而在互联网上出名。 4 years old四岁（作表语）；4-year-old四岁的（复合形容词，作定语）；surprised惊讶的（修饰人）；surprising令人惊讶的（修饰物）。第一空修饰名词cat，作定语，应用由连字符连接的复合形容词，且中间名词需用单数形式；第二空修饰名词look，表示事物本身具有的特征，应用-ing形式的形容词。 8．You’d better ________ your shoes before you go into her bedroom. Your shoes may make her freshly—swept floor dirty. A．turn off B．take off C．cut off D．get off 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你最好在进入她的卧室之前脱掉你的鞋子。你的鞋子可能会弄脏她刚打扫过的地板。   turn off关掉；take off脱下（衣物、鞋子等）；cut off切断；get off下车。根据“your shoes”以及“make her freshly-swept floor dirty”可知，应脱下鞋子，故选用take off。 9．—Mum, I got first prize in the English contest! —That’s really ________. I am so ________ at you. A．surprised; surprising B．surprising; surprised C．embarrassed; embarrassing D．embarrassing; embarrassed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我英语竞赛拿了一等奖！——这太令人惊喜了。我真是太惊讶了。 surprising令人惊讶的；surprised感到惊讶；embarrassed感到尴尬的；embarrassing令人尴尬的。第一空，主语that指代获奖这件事，对获奖应该是感到惊讶，用surprising修饰事物；第二空，主语I是人，“be surprised at sb.”意为“对某人感到惊讶”，因此应用surprised。 10．—Shall we go camping during the May Day holiday? —________. Let’s make a plan first. A．I’m afraid not B．That sounds great C．I’m sorry to hear that D．It doesn’t matter 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——五一假期我们去露营好吗？——听起来很棒。让我们先做个计划吧。 I’m afraid not恐怕不行；That sounds great听起来很棒；I’m sorry to hear that听到那我很难过；It doesn’t matter没关系。根据答语后句“Let’s make a plan first.”可知，说话者对去露营的建议持肯定态度，并提议先制定计划，因此填That sounds great。 11．—The radio says there will be a rainstorm this weekend, so we have to cancel (取消) the trip to Shanghai Wildlife Zoo. —________ I was looking forward to it. A．No way! B．What a shame! C．No problem! D．Glad to hear that! 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——收音机说这个周末将有暴雨，所以我们不得不取消去上海野生动物园的行程。——真遗憾！我很期待它。 No way没门；What a shame多么遗憾啊；No problem没问题；Glad to hear that听到那很高兴。根据上文“取消行程”可知，是坏消息，结合下文“我很期待”可知说话人感到失望。应填What a shame。 12．—What’s the weather like tomorrow? —There is going to be a ________. The TV says the strong winds and heavy rain will come to this area soon. A．flood B．wildfire C．typhoon D．earthquake 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——明天天气怎么样？——将会有一场台风。电视播报强风和暴雨很快就会抵达该区域。 flood洪水；wildfire野火；typhoon台风；earthquake地震。伴随强风、暴雨的气象灾害是台风，应填typhoon。 13．He ran and ran, but he couldn’t run _______ to catch the bus. A．fast enough B．enough quick C．enough fast D．quick enough 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他跑了又跑，但是不能跑得足够快去赶上公交车。 fast enough足够快地（fast为形容词或副词）；enough quick错误搭配；enough fast错误搭配；quick enough足够快的（quick为形容词）。根据题干“run”是动词，应用副词fast修饰；enough修饰副词时应后置，应填fast enough。 14．My sister is ________ than I (am). She always gets better grades. A．more hard-working B．hard-working C．most hard-working D．the most hard-working 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我姐姐比我更努力。她总是取得更好的成绩。根据句中的关键词“than”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级；hard-working 是多音节形容词，其比较级形式是在前面加 more，应填more hard-working。 15．He ______ a bad cold for a long time, so he is often absent ______ school. A．suffers from; from B．suffers of; from C．suffers from; in D．suffers of; in 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他患重感冒很久了，所以他经常缺课。 固定搭配suffer from意为“患……病”，be absent from 意为“缺席……”。根据句意可知他患病且缺席学校，因此第一空用suffers from，第二空用from。选项A符合语法和句意。 二、完形填空（共10小题；毎小题1分,满分10分） Most children have lessons in a school building, but in some parts of the world students don’t learn in buildings. Their schools are in very 16 places. The Hope Bus in Baghdad, Iraq is one such school. Many Iraqi children can’t go to school. They don’t have books 17 or pencils. A lot of school buildings are damaged (破坏). It is expensive to build new schools 18 it also takes a long time to build them. One day, a group of people had a(n) 19 . They decided to make a different school. First, they bought an old bus. Next, they 20 the outside of the bus in a beautiful color. Lastly, they changed the inside. They took out the bus 21 and added 20 desks-enough for 50 students. They also added a TV and a blackboard for the teachers. The bus 22 a moving school. Today, the Hope Bus 23 around Baghdad. Children can sit inside and learn in a quiet and comfortable place. They can 24 make lots of new friends. The team making the Hope Bus want to make twelve more buses to give all children a(n) 25 and a better future. Well done! 16．A．personal B．special C．dangerous 17．A．pens B．tents C．videos 18．A．but B．and C．although 19．A．idea B．trip C．result 20．A．filled B．cleaned C．painted 21．A．keys B．seats C．tickets 22．A．served B．improved C．became 23．A．swings B．hangs C．travels 24．A．still B．also C．hardly 25．A．invitation B．prediction C．education 【答案】 16．B 17．A 18．B 19．A 20．C 21．B 22．C 23．C 24．B 25．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了伊拉克巴格达的“希望巴士”移动学校，讲述它的诞生背景、改造过程以及给当地孩子带来的受学机会与美好改变。 【详解】16．句意：他们的学校在非常特别的地方。 根据前文大多数孩子在教学楼上课，但有些学生不在建筑里学习，巴士学校属于特殊办学形式，special“特别的”契合语境；personal“私人的”、dangerous“危险的”不符合文意。 17．句意：他们没有书本和钢笔。 and连接并列的学习文具，pens“钢笔”和books“书本”同属学习用品；tents“帐篷”、videos“视频”不属于文具，不符合语境。 18．句意：建造新学校花费高昂，而且建造新学校也要花费很长时间。 前后两句是并列递进关系，用and连接；but表转折、although表让步，逻辑不符。 19．句意：有一天，一群人想出了一个主意。 后文写他们打造巴士学校的实施方案，have an idea表示想出一个主意；trip“旅行”、result“结果”不符合语境。 20．句意：接下来，他们把巴士的外观粉刷成好看的颜色。 根据后文“in a beautiful color”，能让外观呈现色彩的动作是painted'粉刷、喷漆”；filled“填满”、cleaned“打扫”无法改变外观颜色。 21．句意：他们搬出巴士原本的座椅，加装了20张课桌，足够50名学生使用。 巴士原车配备的是座椅seats，改造后换成课桌；keys“钥匙”、tickets“车票”和车内陈设改造无关。 22．句意：这辆巴士成为了一所移动学校。 改造完成后巴士的属性发生转变，became“成为”符合变化逻辑；served“服务”、improved“改善”不能直接衔接a moving school。 23．句意：如今，希望巴士穿梭在巴格达各处。 移动学校会在城市各处巡回运行，travels“行进、穿梭”符合移动巴士的特点；swings“摇摆”、hangs“悬挂”不符合文意。 24．句意：他们还能交到很多新朋友。 前文写孩子们可以在车内安静舒适地学习，此处补充额外收获，also“也、还”表递进；still“仍然”、hardly“几乎不”逻辑不通。 25．句意：打造希望巴士的团队计划再打造12辆巴士，给所有孩子提供教育和更美好的未来。 巴士学校的作用是给孩子提供受教育的机会，education“教育”契合办学目的；invitation“邀请”、prediction“预言”不符合语境。 三、阅读理解（共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分） 请认真阅读下列材料, 从材料后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Monday, January 18th I’m Mark, a virus for the common cold. It has been a long time since I infected (感染) humans last time. Today I tried to infect a boy in a primary school all day.  His name is Sam. I waited on his desk.  When he touched the desk, I jumped on his finger. Unluckily, Sam didn’t touch his eyes, mouth or nose. Then, right after class, he washed his hands.Tuesday, January 19th This morning, I jumped into the nose of Sam’s best friend, Bill. Unluckily, the mucus (黏液) in his nose caught me.  I thought it was over for me.  Suddenly, Bill sneezed (打喷嚏) while he was talking to Sam.  I knew that would send me right into Sam’s face! However, Sam quickly gave Bill a tissue (纸巾), and Bill sneezed into that instead! Infecting people is harder than I imagined.Thursday, January 21st I’m feeling very unhappy today. Some scientists caught my friend Harry and put him under a microscope (显微镜). Harry is a flu virus and he’s a dangerous little guy. Besides, Sam ate all his vegetables today. He’s exercising, and he gets eight hours of sleep every night. His body is too strong for me! It’s impossible to give him a cold! So I have to give up and I’m moving to another school. 26．According to the text, the cold virus wanted to infect ________ student(s). A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4 27．The right order of the text is ________. a. Mark felt unhappy.    b. Mark jumped into Bill’s nose. c. Mark jumped on Sam’s finger.    d. Mark moved to another school. A．c-a-d-b B．b-a-d-c C．b-a-c-d D．c-b-a-d 28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Mark infected Sam on Monday. B．Bill sneezed into Sam’s face. C．Harry is a common cold virus. D．Sam has a healthy lifestyle. 【答案】26．B 27．D 28．D 【导语】本文是感冒病毒写的日记，在日记中主要讲述了病毒要感染学生Sam的过程。 【详解】26．根据文中内容可知，病毒Mark先后尝试感染Sam、Bill，目标学生一共有2位。 27．根据日记的日期顺序排列事件：Monday: Mark jumped on Sam’s finger；Tuesday: Mark jumped into Bill’s nose；Thursday: Mark felt unhappy，最后决定Mark moved to another school。因此正确顺序是c-b-a-d。 28． 根据文中“Sam ate all his vegetables today. He’s exercising, and he gets eight hours of sleep every night”可知，Sam吃蔬菜、锻炼且睡眠充足，拥有健康的生活方式，所以“Sam has a healthy lifestyle”是正确的。 B 12:35-13:05 Legal Report This program is to talk about laws (法律) by telling real stories in our life. Law experts (专家) come to give their ideas. 17:30-18:50 Walk of Fame This program is not for stars but for common people. If you have talents. you can show yourselves there. Farmers, cleaners or teachers can sing or dance in the program. 19:00-19:30 CCTV News We can know all kinds of news in this program. At the end of the news, there will be a weather report. 08:00-09:30 The Finals of the 2024 CBA Playoffs. (总决赛) This program is for sports lovers. We can see many basketball players in our country in this program. 29．How long is Legal Report? A．20 minutes. B．25 minutes. C．30 minutes. D．35 minutes 30．What kind of show is Walk of Fame? A．A sitcom. B．A soap opera. C．A talent show. D．A game show. 31．If David is a sports fan, what program can he watch? A．Legal Report. B．Walk of Fame. C．CCTV News. D．CBA Playoffs. 【答案】29．C 30．C 31．D 【导语】本文罗列了四档电视节目的播出时段、时长、节目内容与特色，分别是法制节目、普通人才艺展示节目、新闻联播以及CBA季后赛赛事直播。 【详解】29．“12:35-13:05 Legal Report”表明，播出时间是12:35–13:05，时长为30分钟。 30．“If you have talents, you can show yourselves there. Farmers, cleaners or teachers can sing or dance in the program.”指出，普通人登台展示才艺，属于才艺表演类节目（talent show）。 31．原文CBA季后赛栏目标注：“This program is for sports lovers.”，体育爱好者David可以观看“CBA Playoffs”。 C The Earth was once “ruled” by animals called dinosaurs from 230 to 65 million years ago. And there were many dinosaurs and they lived everywhere on Earth. There were once more than 1,000 kinds of dinosaurs. Some of them were no bigger than chickens. Small dinosaurs could be 97cm tall, and big dinosaurs could be 15m tall. All of them had very small brains (大脑). Later on, there weren’t any dinosaurs. What happened to them? Scientists spent 10 years collecting a lot of information about dinosaurs to show to the world. In the days of dinosaurs, the whole Earth was warm and wet. There were many green forests. But the Earth changed slowly all the time. When parts of the Earth became cold and dry, the forests there died. Then dinosaurs could not find enough food to eat. This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out. What’s another reason? We can make a guess. New kinds of animals came to the Earth. Some had big brains and were fast and strong. They could kill dinosaurs. Some ate dinosaur eggs too. There may be other reasons that we do not know about. Each year, people can find some dinosaur footprints (脚印) and bones. Scientists are trying to tell us more about dinosaurs. People think dinosaurs are amazing, so they star in many movies. But to scientists, why the dinosaurs died out is more important. The reasons for dinosaurs dying out might also be dangers to human beings. 32．The numbers in Paragraph 1 tell us _______. A．big dinosaurs could weigh 1,000 kg B．dinosaurs were not always the same C．scientists knew everything about dinosaurs D．dinosaurs lived on Earth for 65 million years 33．How was the weather when there were dinosaurs? A．Cold. B．Snowy. C．Dry. D．Wet. 34．What can we learn from the passage about the scientists? A．They showed up in many movies. B．They’ll continue to study dinosaurs. C．They knew nothing about dinosaurs. D．They collected the information about dinosaurs easily. 35．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell us the look of dinosaurs. B．To show when dinosaurs were born. C．To talk about why dinosaurs died out. D．To share the living places of dinosaurs. 【答案】32．B 33．D 34．B 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了恐龙的基本特征、生存环境以及科学家对恐龙灭绝原因的推测和研究。 【详解】32．第一段指出“more than 1,000 kinds”，“97cm tall”，“15m tall”，恐龙种类繁多且大小差异巨大，说明恐龙并不总是一样的。 33．第三段“In the days of dinosaurs, the whole Earth was warm and wet”，说明在恐龙时代，整个地球是温暖且潮湿的。 34．第五段“Scientists are trying to tell us more about dinosaurs”以及最后一段科学家更关心恐龙灭绝的原因可知，科学家们正在并将继续研究恐龙。 35．通读全文可知，文章从恐龙的消失引出问题“What happened to them?”，随后重点讨论了气候变迁、新动物出现等灭绝原因，并强调了研究灭绝原因的重要性，因此，文章的主要目的是探讨恐龙灭绝的原因。 D The Development of Mobile Phones Mobile phones have become an important part of our lives. They have changed a lot in the past few decades (几十年). The first mobile phone was invented in 1973. It was very big and heavy. It could only be used to make calls. It was very expensive and only a few people could afford it. In the 1990s, mobile phones became smaller and lighter. They could not only make calls but also send messages. Some of them could play simple games. More and more people started to use mobile phones. Since the 2000s, smartphones have appeared. They are like small computers. People can use them to surf the Internet, take photos, watch videos and listen to music. They can also use them to pay for things and order food online. Smartphones have made our lives more convenient. Now, 5G technology is developing rapidly. It will make our smartphones faster and more powerful. We can use them to do many things that we couldn’t do before. For example, we can have video calls with people around the world in real time. We can also control our home appliances (家用电器) from far away. Mobile phones have changed our lives greatly. I believe they will become even better in the future. 36．When was the first mobile phone invented? A．In 1973. B．In 1980. C．In 1990. D．In 2000. 37．What could the first mobile phone do? A．Send messages. B．Play games. C．Make calls. D．Surf the Internet. 38．When did smartphones appear? A．In the 1970s. B．In the 1990s. C．Since the 2000s. D．In 2020. 39．What can people use smartphones to do now? A．Surf the Internet and take photos. B．Watch videos and listen to music. C．Pay for things and order food online. D．All of the above. 40．What is the passage mainly about? A．The inventor of mobile phones. B．The development of mobile phones. C．How to use mobile phones. D．The disadvantages of mobile phones. 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．C 39．D 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，按时间顺序介绍了手机从1973年第一部笨重的通话设备，到1990年代的短信手机，再到2000年代的智能手机，直至如今5G技术的发展历程，展现了手机如何深刻改变了人们的生活。 【详解】36．第二段开头明确指出：“The first mobile phone was invented in 1973.”，对应选项A。 37．第二段说明第一部手机的功能：“It could only be used to make calls.”，关键词“only”表明它只能打电话。 38．第四段开头指出：“Since the 2000s, smartphones have appeared.”，明确智能手机出现在2000年代。 39．第四段列举了智能手机的多种用途：“surf the Internet, take photos, watch videos and listen to music…pay for things and order food online.”，选项A、B、C均被提及，因此选D（All of the above）。 40．全文标题为“The Development of Mobile Phones”，内容按1973→1990s→2000s→Now的时间线展开，核心是手机的发展演变。 非选择题（共50分） 四、填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分） A）请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词,使句子意思完整正确,并将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。 41．We should ________ the elderly and people in need. (关心) 【答案】care about/care for 【详解】句意：我们应该关心老人和有需要的人。“关心”用care about或care for表达，是动词短语，should“应该”是情态动词，其后用动词原形。 42．The dictionary I bought a few days ago is a little ________ (厚的) than hers. 【答案】 thicker 【详解】句意：我几天前买的字典比她的稍微厚一点。“厚的”可译为thick，形容词。than提示使用比较级。故填thicker。 43．My mum always gives me a ________ (拥抱) before I go to school in the morning. 【答案】hug 【详解】句意：每天早上我去上学之前，我妈妈总是给我一个拥抱。根据中文提示“拥抱”可知其对应的英文单词是hug。结合空前不定冠词“a”以及语境，此处应使用名词单数形式，故填hug。 44．We did a survey of students about where they spend their ________ (口袋) money most. 【答案】 pocket 【详解】句意：我们做了一项关于学生把零花钱主要花在哪里的调查。“口袋”对应的英文单词是pocket，此处“pocket money”为固定搭配，表示“零花钱”，因此填pocket。 45．A ________ (成功的) team needs trust and cooperation to overcome difficulties. 【答案】 successful 【详解】句意：一个成功的团队需要信任与合作来克服困难。“成功的”对应的英文单词是successful，是形容词，修饰名词team，因此填successful。 B） 请根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。 46．Making a plan can help us use time ________ (wise). 【答案】wisely 【详解】句意：制定计划能帮助我们明智地利用时间。动词use需要副词来修饰，形容词wise的副词形式是wisely，表示“明智地”。 47．I think there is more ________ (pollute) in the paper factory. 【答案】pollution 【详解】句意：我认为这家造纸厂的污染更严重。空格前面是限定词more，作there be句型的主语，需要填入名词；括号内pollute是动词（污染），对应的名词形式是pollution。 48．Follow these tips, and your speech will sound more ________ (nature). 【答案】 natural 【详解】句意：遵循这些建议，你的演讲听起来会更自然。句中谓语动词“sound”是系动词，意为“听起来”，后需接形容词作表语，提示词nature是名词，意为“自然”，其对应的形容词形式是natural“自然的”，空前已有“more”构成比较级结构。 49．This technology helps students a lot with ________ (they) homework. 【答案】their 【详解】句意：这项技术对学生们的作业帮助很大。空处修饰名词homework，需用形容词性物主代词，they的形容词性物主代词为their。 50．They got ________ (marry) in their hometown last summer. 【答案】married 【详解】句意：他们去年夏天在他们的家乡结婚了。marry意为“结婚”，是动词，get married是固定短语，意为“结婚”。 C）从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺(每词限用一次)。 difference,    drink,   when,    easy,   to Food and drink cultures are 51 around the world. Let’s learn about some of them. In Japan, tea is an important part of their life. People 52 tea during the day. The tea ceremony is a special way to enjoy tea. It’s slow and peaceful. In France, people care about their meals. They spend a long time eating. They talk and enjoy the food. It’s not easy 53 eat quickly. In Mexico, people like spicy food. They often eat with their hands. They also like to have cola and coffee. In China, people usually have three meals a day. 54 eating, we should not make too much noise. We also like to drink tea. It’s important to know these different cultures. They help us make friends with people from other countries and live 55 . 【答案】51．different 52．drink 53．to 54．When 55．easily 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了世界各地不同的饮食文化，包括日本、法国、墨西哥和中国等国家的饮食特点及相关礼仪。 【详解】51．句意：世界各地的饮食文化是不同的。此处需要形容词作表语，名词difference的形容词形式different表示“不同的”，符合语境。 52．句意：人们白天喝茶。此处需要动词作谓语，drink表示“喝”，符合语境，主语People是复数，且描述客观习惯用一般现在时，因此谓语动词使用原形。 53．句意：快速吃饭不容易。固定句型It’s+形容词+to do sth表示“做某事是……的”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，因此需要填to构成不定式，符合语法。 54．句意：当吃饭时，我们不应该发出太多噪音。根据后半句“we should not make too much noise.”可知，此处是when引导的时间状语，因位于句首，首字母必须大写，因此填When。 55．句意：它们帮助我们跟其他国家的人交朋友并生活得更轻松。此处需要副词来修饰动词live，因此形容词easy的副词形式easily表示“轻松地”，符合语境。 五、阅读填空（共20小题;每小题1分, 满分20分） A）请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 Using only ten symbols (0-9), we can write any number, small or large. But why do we use these ten symbols? And why is there 10 of them? Strange as it seems to us now, there was a time when numbers, as we know them, simply weren’t used. So, have you ever wondered how numbers first came about? Let’s learn about a brief history of numbers. Early humans in the Old Stone Age likely counted animals and other objects by carving tally marks (记数符号) on walls, bones or stone. Each tally mark stood for 1 and each fifth mark was scored through to help keep track. This system was only fine for small numbers, but it didn’t really work with large numbers. As the society developed, people came up with different ways of writing down numbers. They created new symbols for each larger number. But many of these systems in different countries were mainly based on tally marks and it was still difficult to write large numbers. By the seventh century, Indians had perfected the decimal positional (位值的) system, which could describe any number with only ten unique (唯一) symbols. A key breakthrough of this system was the number 0. Older systems, which didn’t have 0, would leave a blank in its place, making it hard to distinguish (区分) between 63 and 603, or 12 and 120. Having and using 0 helped make writing down numbers clearer and easier for everyone to understand. But why were the numbers known as “Arabic” (阿拉伯数字) since they were born in India? Here’s an interesting story. Sometime in the year 771, Arab businessmen took some Indian scholars (学者) to Baghdad to help teach them the new set of numbers. After learning the numbers, the Arabs translated them into their own writing system that is Arabic. Sometime later, the Arab traders spread these numerals into Europe. As the world got these numbers from Arabia, these came to be known as Arabic numerals. The 56 of numbers What we’ve known about numbers ● We use ten symbols to count. ● There was a time people didn’t use numbers. How the numbers 57 In the Old Stone Age ● People mainly 58 things by carving tally marks. ● The system worked only for small numbers. ● The systems had one problem with writing 59 numbers. By the 60 century ● Indians perfected the decimal positional system. ● It’s a key breakthrough to create the number 61 , which can tell the 62 between 63 and 603, or 12 and 120. ● It helped everyone understand the numbers more 63 and easily. Why the numbers are called Arabic numerals ● The numbers were born in India. ● In 771, some Indian scholars went to Baghdad to 64 the new numbers. ● Then the Arabs took the new set of numbers to 65 . ● The world got these numbers known as Arabic numerals. 【答案】 56．history 57．developed 58．counted 59．large 60．seventh/7th 61．0/zero 62．difference 63．clearly 64．teach 65．Europe 【导语】本文主要讲述数字发展的历史，包括旧石器时代的记数方式、印度十进制进位系统的出现与0的发明，以及阿拉伯数字名称的由来等。 【详解】56．文章第一段提到“Let’s learn about a brief history of numbers.”，全文围绕数字的发展历史展开，表格标题对应文章主题，因此第一空填“history”。 57．文章第一段“how numbers first came about”及第二段“As the society developed”介绍了数字从早期记数方式到阿拉伯数字的发展演变过程，表格询问数字的发展历程，结合语境表达“数字是如何发展的”，因此第二空填“developed”。 58．文章第二段提到“Early humans in the Old Stone Age likely counted animals and other objects by carving tally marks”，说明旧石器时代人们主要通过刻记数符号来计数，表格对应这一内容，因此第三空填“counted”。 59．文章第二段指出“This system was only fine for small numbers, but it didn’t really work with large numbers.”，说明刻记数符号的方式不适用于记录大数字，表格对应这一问题，因此第四空填“large”。 60．文章第三段提到“By the seventh century, Indians had perfected the decimal positional system”，说明到7世纪时印度人完善了十进制进位系统，表格询问具体时间，因此第五空填“seventh/7th”。 61．文章第三段提到“A key breakthrough of this system was the number 0”，说明该系统的关键突破是数字0的出现，表格对应这一突破，因此第六空填“0/zero”。 62．文章第三段指出“Older systems, which didn’t have 0, would leave a blank in its place, making it hard to distinguish between 63 and 603, or 12 and 120.”，说明0的出现可以区分易混淆的数字，表格对应这一作用，因此第七空填“difference”。 63．文章第三段提到“Having and using 0 helped make writing down numbers clearer and easier for everyone to understand.”，说明0让数字更清晰易懂，表格对应这一效果，因此第八空填“clearly”。 64．文章第四段提到“Arab businessmen took some Indian scholars to Baghdad to help teach them the new set of numbers.”，说明印度学者前往巴格达教授新数字系统，表格对应这一行为，因此第九空填“teach”。 65．文章第四段提到“the Arab traders spread these numerals into Europe”，说明阿拉伯商人将数字传播到了欧洲，表格对应这一传播过程，因此第十空填“Europe”。 B）请根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,并将答案填写在答题卡相应位置上。 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Project: Green City Survey Our class has s 66 a project called “Green City Survey”. We want to find out how our city has c 67 in terms of environmental protection (环境保护) in the past ten years. We have i 68 200 people in our city and collected a lot of data (数据). Ten years ago, the air quality in our city was not very good. There were many factories that p 69 waste gas into the air. People often wore masks when they went out. The sky was often gray. Now, the government has c 70 some polluting factories. They have also b 71 more parks and planted more trees. The air quality has improved a lot. The sky is blue most of the time. Ten years ago, the rivers in our city were very dirty. People t 72 rubbish into the rivers. The water was black and smelly. There were no fish in the rivers. Now, the government has built sewage treatment plants (污水处理厂) and fined people who pollute rivers. The rivers are clean now. Ten years ago, there was no waste sorting (垃圾分类). Now, waste sorting has been p 73 in our city. The government has built waste recycling centers. The amount of waste has been r 74 a lot. Ten years ago, public transportation was poor. Now, the government has built more bus lines and two subway lines. The public transportation is very c 75 . More and more people choose to take public transport to work. We think our city has become greener and more beautiful. We hope it will be even better in the future. 【答案】 66．started/tarted 67．changed/hanged 68．interviewed/nterviewed 69．poured/oured 70．closed/losed 71．built/uilt 72．threw/hrew 73．promoted/romoted 74．reduced/educed 75．convenient/onvenient 【导语】本文是一篇关于“绿色城市调查”的短文填空，通过对比十年前与现在的城市环境变化，展现了城市在环境保护、垃圾分类、公共交通等方面的显著进步，呼吁人们关注并珍惜城市的绿色发展成果。 【详解】66．句意：我们班已经开始了一个名为“绿色城市调查”的项目。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语，与“has”构成现在完成时，需填过去分词。结合首字母“s”及“project”搭配，应填started。 67．句意：我们想了解我们的城市在过去十年中在环境保护方面发生了怎样的变化。该处需一个动词，与“has”构成现在完成时，需填过去分词。城市在环保方面发生了“变化”，结合首字母“c”，应填changed。 68．句意：我们采访了本市200人并收集了大量数据。该处需一个动词，与“have”构成现在完成时，需填过去分词。“采访”200人以收集数据，结合首字母“i”，应填interviewed。 69．句意：有许多工厂将废气排放到空气中。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语，描述十年前的情况，应用一般过去时。“排放废气”用pour...into，结合首字母“p”，应填poured。 70．句意：政府已经关闭了一些污染工厂。该处需一个动词，与“has”构成现在完成时，需填过去分词。政府对污染工厂采取的措施是“关闭”，结合首字母“c”，应填closed。 71．句意：他们还建了更多的公园并种了更多的树。该处需一个动词，与“have”构成现在完成时，需填过去分词。“建公园”用build，结合首字母“b”，应填built。 72．句意：人们把垃圾扔进河里。该处需一个动词，在句中作谓语，描述十年前的习惯，应用一般过去时。“扔垃圾”用throw...into，结合首字母“t”，应填threw。 73．句意：现在，垃圾分类已在我们城市得到推广。该处需一个动词，与“has been”构成现在完成时的被动语态，需填过去分词。垃圾分类被“推广”，结合首字母“p”，应填promoted。 74．句意：垃圾的数量已大幅减少。该处需一个动词，与“has been”构成现在完成时的被动语态，需填过去分词。垃圾量被“减少”，结合首字母“r”，应填reduced。 75．句意：公共交通非常方便。该处需一个形容词，在句中作表语，修饰“public transportation”。后文提到越来越多人选乘公共交通，说明其“方便”，结合首字母“c”，应填convenient。 六、书面表达（满分15分） 76．野生动物保护协会(Wildlife Protection Society)现正招募志愿者。假如你是阳光中学的一名学生李华，看到其招募广告，你想要参加。根据提示信息完成一封申请信。 Personal information 八年级，喜欢生物，爱好…(至少写一点) Reasons 1.     想要更了解动物 2.     野生动物正处于危险中…(至少写两点) Activities 1．    曾去盐城自然保护区帮忙…(至少写一点) 2．    周六下午3；00到6；00有空参加协会的活动 Contact way 电话：0514-86521128 注意： 1、表达中必须包含所给要点，具体内容可以发挥，不要简单翻译。 2、词数100左右，开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chairperson, I would like to join Wildlife Protection Society. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【答案】 参考范文： Dear Chairperson, I would like to join Wildlife Protection Society. I am a Grade 8 student from Sunshine Middle School. I like biology very much and my hobby is reading books about animals. I want to join because I hope to learn more about animals. Also, wild animals are in danger now. We should try our best to protect them. I think it is meaningful. Last year, I went to Yancheng Nature Reserve to help protect wild birds. I am free from 3:00 to 6:00 on Saturday afternoons. I can work hard. Please call me at 0514-86521128. 【详解】[一、审题立意] 文体：申请信/书信体，以一般现在时和一般过去时为主，第一人称。 内容要点：根据提示，必须包含： 个人信息（年级、喜欢生物、爱好）； 申请理由（想更了解动物、野生动物处于危险中，至少两点）； 相关活动（曾去盐城自然保护区帮忙，至少一点）； 空闲时间（周六下午3:00-6:00）； 联系方式（电话）。 人称：第一人称（I, me, my）。 注意事项：未出现真实姓名（李华为化名），校名为阳光中学（可接受），符合要求。 [二、构思布局（三段式）] 开头段：直接表明申请加入野生动物保护协会。 主体段：个人信息。申请理由。相关经历。空闲时间。 结尾段：提供联系方式，呼应开头。 [三、要点对照] 要点一：个人信息 I am a Grade 8 student…like biology… hobby is reading books about animals. 拓展： My hobby is taking photos of wild animals. 要点二：理由 I hope to learn more about animals.；wild animals are in danger now. We should try our best to protect them.；I think it is meaningful. 拓展： I want to raise people’s awareness of animal protection. 要点三：活动经历 I went to Yancheng Nature Reserve to help protect wild birds.；I am free from 3:00 to 6:00 on Saturday afternoons. 拓展： I helped clean the habitats and recorded bird numbers. 要点四：联系方式 Please call me at 0514-86521128. 拓展： my e-mail is 1234567@gmail.com. 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ （江苏南京卷）期末必刷卷-- 2025-2026学年 译林版 八年级英语下学期 注意事项： 1.全卷满分90分。考试时间为90分钟。试题包含选择题和非选择题。考生答题全部答在答题卡上, 答在本试卷上无效。 2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将 自己的姓名、考试证号用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。 3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案。答非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效。 选择题（共40分） 一、单项填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分） 请认真阅读下列各题,从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 1．—What do you think of his talk? —Wonderful. I have never heard ________ better one before. A．the B．a C．an D．/ 2．70 percent of the students in the class ________ from Wuxi. Half of their work ________ already finished. A．is; are B．are; are C．is; is D．are; is 3．The bag is ________ heavy for her ________ carry. A．so; that B．too; to C．enough; to D．very; to 4．— Here is the menu: What would you like to order? —I’m so hungry. ________ is OK. A．Something B．Everything C．Anything D．Nothing 5．Everyone knows ______ trees can make the air fresh. A．where B．when C．that D．why 6．________ dangerous ________ in the river alone. A．It’s; swim B．That’s; swim C．It’s; to swim D．That’s; to swim 7．Kevin, a ________ cat from Russia, has become famous on the Internet because of his ________ look at every visitor. A．4 years old; surprised B．4 years old; surprising C．4-year-old; surprised D．4-year-old; surprising 8．You’d better ________ your shoes before you go into her bedroom. Your shoes may make her freshly—swept floor dirty. A．turn off B．take off C．cut off D．get off 9．—Mum, I got first prize in the English contest! —That’s really ________. I am so ________ at you. A． surprised; surprising B．surprising; surprised C．embarrassed; embarrassing D．embarrassing; embarrassed 10．—Shall we go camping during the May Day holiday? —________. Let’s make a plan first. A．I’m afraid not B．That sounds great C．I’m sorry to hear that D．It doesn’t matter 11．—The radio says there will be a rainstorm this weekend, so we have to cancel (取消) the trip to Shanghai Wildlife Zoo. —________ I was looking forward to it. A．No way! B．What a shame! C．No problem! D．Glad to hear that! 12．—What’s the weather like tomorrow? —There is going to be a ________. The TV says the strong winds and heavy rain will come to this area soon. A．flood B．wildfire C．typhoon D．earthquake 13．He ran and ran, but he couldn’t run _______ to catch the bus. A．fast enough B．enough quick C．enough fast D．quick enough 14．My sister is ________ than I (am). She always gets better grades. A．more hard-working B．hard-working C．most hard-working D．the most hard-working 15．He ______ a bad cold for a long time, so he is often absent ______ school. A．suffers from; from B．suffers of; from C．suffers from; in D．suffers of; in 二、完形填空（共10小题；毎小题1分,满分10分） Most children have lessons in a school building, but in some parts of the world students don’t learn in buildings. Their schools are in very 16 places. The Hope Bus in Baghdad, Iraq is one such school. Many Iraqi children can’t go to school. They don’t have books 17 or pencils. A lot of school buildings are damaged (破坏). It is expensive to build new schools 18 it also takes a long time to build them. One day, a group of people had a(n) 19 . They decided to make a different school. First, they bought an old bus. Next, they 20 the outside of the bus in a beautiful color. Lastly, they changed the inside. They took out the bus 21 and added 20 desks-enough for 50 students. They also added a TV and a blackboard for the teachers. The bus 22 a moving school. Today, the Hope Bus 23 around Baghdad. Children can sit inside and learn in a quiet and comfortable place. They can 24 make lots of new friends. The team making the Hope Bus want to make twelve more buses to give all children a(n) 25 and a better future. Well done! 16．A．personal B．special C．dangerous 17．A．pens B．tents C．videos 18．A．but B．and C．although 19．A．idea B．trip C．result 20．A．filled B．cleaned C．painted 21．A．keys B．seats C．tickets 22．A．served B．improved C．became 23．A．swings B．hangs C．travels 24．A．still B．also C．hardly 25．A．invitation B．prediction C．education 三、阅读理解（共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分） 请认真阅读下列材料, 从材料后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Monday, January 18th I’m Mark, a virus for the common cold. It has been a long time since I infected (感染) humans last time. Today I tried to infect a boy in a primary school all day.  His name is Sam. I waited on his desk.  When he touched the desk, I jumped on his finger. Unluckily, Sam didn’t touch his eyes, mouth or nose. Then, right after class, he washed his hands.Tuesday, January 19th This morning, I jumped into the nose of Sam’s best friend, Bill. Unluckily, the mucus (黏液) in his nose caught me.  I thought it was over for me.  Suddenly, Bill sneezed (打喷嚏) while he was talking to Sam.  I knew that would send me right into Sam’s face! However, Sam quickly gave Bill a tissue (纸巾), and Bill sneezed into that instead! Infecting people is harder than I imagined.Thursday, January 21st I’m feeling very unhappy today. Some scientists caught my friend Harry and put him under a microscope (显微镜). Harry is a flu virus and he’s a dangerous little guy. Besides, Sam ate all his vegetables today. He’s exercising, and he gets eight hours of sleep every night. His body is too strong for me! It’s impossible to give him a cold! So I have to give up and I’m moving to another school. 26．According to the text, the cold virus wanted to infect ________ student(s). A．1 B．2 C．3 D．4 27．The right order of the text is ________. a. Mark felt unhappy.    b. Mark jumped into Bill’s nose. c. Mark jumped on Sam’s finger.    d. Mark moved to another school. A．c-a-d-b B．b-a-d-c C．b-a-c-d D．c-b-a-d 28．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text? A．Mark infected Sam on Monday. B．Bill sneezed into Sam’s face. C．Harry is a common cold virus. D．Sam has a healthy lifestyle. B 12:35-13:05 Legal Report This program is to talk about laws (法律) by telling real stories in our life. Law experts (专家) come to give their ideas. 17:30-18:50 Walk of Fame This program is not for stars but for common people. If you have talents. you can show yourselves there. Farmers, cleaners or teachers can sing or dance in the program. 19:00-19:30 CCTV News We can know all kinds of news in this program. At the end of the news, there will be a weather report. 08:00-09:30 The Finals of the 2024 CBA Playoffs. (总决赛) This program is for sports lovers. We can see many basketball players in our country in this program. 29．How long is Legal Report? A．20 minutes. B．25 minutes. C．30 minutes. D．35 minutes 30．What kind of show is Walk of Fame? A．A sitcom. B．A soap opera. C．A talent show. D．A game show. 31．If David is a sports fan, what program can he watch? A．Legal Report. B．Walk of Fame. C．CCTV News. D．CBA Playoffs. C The Earth was once “ruled” by animals called dinosaurs from 230 to 65 million years ago. And there were many dinosaurs and they lived everywhere on Earth. There were once more than 1,000 kinds of dinosaurs. Some of them were no bigger than chickens. Small dinosaurs could be 97cm tall, and big dinosaurs could be 15m tall. All of them had very small brains (大脑). Later on, there weren’t any dinosaurs. What happened to them? Scientists spent 10 years collecting a lot of information about dinosaurs to show to the world. In the days of dinosaurs, the whole Earth was warm and wet. There were many green forests. But the Earth changed slowly all the time. When parts of the Earth became cold and dry, the forests there died. Then dinosaurs could not find enough food to eat. This must be one reason why dinosaurs died out. What’s another reason? We can make a guess. New kinds of animals came to the Earth. Some had big brains and were fast and strong. They could kill dinosaurs. Some ate dinosaur eggs too. There may be other reasons that we do not know about. Each year, people can find some dinosaur footprints (脚印) and bones. Scientists are trying to tell us more about dinosaurs. People think dinosaurs are amazing, so they star in many movies. But to scientists, why the dinosaurs died out is more important. The reasons for dinosaurs dying out might also be dangers to human beings. 32．The numbers in Paragraph 1 tell us _______. A．big dinosaurs could weigh 1,000 kg B．dinosaurs were not always the same C．scientists knew everything about dinosaurs D．dinosaurs lived on Earth for 65 million years 33．How was the weather when there were dinosaurs? A．Cold. B．Snowy. C．Dry. D．Wet. 34．What can we learn from the passage about the scientists? A．They showed up in many movies. B．They’ll continue to study dinosaurs. C．They knew nothing about dinosaurs. D．They collected the information about dinosaurs easily. 35．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To tell us the look of dinosaurs. B．To show when dinosaurs were born. C．To talk about why dinosaurs died out. D．To share the living places of dinosaurs. D The Development of Mobile Phones Mobile phones have become an important part of our lives. They have changed a lot in the past few decades (几十年). The first mobile phone was invented in 1973. It was very big and heavy. It could only be used to make calls. It was very expensive and only a few people could afford it. In the 1990s, mobile phones became smaller and lighter. They could not only make calls but also send messages. Some of them could play simple games. More and more people started to use mobile phones. Since the 2000s, smartphones have appeared. They are like small computers. People can use them to surf the Internet, take photos, watch videos and listen to music. They can also use them to pay for things and order food online. Smartphones have made our lives more convenient. Now, 5G technology is developing rapidly. It will make our smartphones faster and more powerful. We can use them to do many things that we couldn’t do before. For example, we can have video calls with people around the world in real time. We can also control our home appliances (家用电器) from far away. Mobile phones have changed our lives greatly. I believe they will become even better in the future. 36．When was the first mobile phone invented? A．In 1973. B．In 1980. C．In 1990. D．In 2000. 37．What could the first mobile phone do? A．Send messages. B．Play games. C．Make calls. D．Surf the Internet. 38．When did smartphones appear? A．In the 1970s. B．In the 1990s. C．Since the 2000s. D．In 2020. 39．What can people use smartphones to do now? A．Surf the Internet and take photos. B．Watch videos and listen to music. C．Pay for things and order food online. D．All of the above. 40．What is the passage mainly about? A．The inventor of mobile phones. B．The development of mobile phones. C．How to use mobile phones. D．The disadvantages of mobile phones. 非选择题（共50分） 四、填空（共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分） A）请根据括号中所给的汉语写出单词,使句子意思完整正确,并将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。 41．We should ________ the elderly and people in need. (关心) 42．The dictionary I bought a few days ago is a little ________ (厚的) than hers. 43．My mum always gives me a ________ (拥抱) before I go to school in the morning. 44．We did a survey of students about where they spend their ________ (口袋) money most. 45．A ________ (成功的) team needs trust and cooperation to overcome difficulties. B） 请根据句子意思,用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。 46．Making a plan can help us use time ________ (wise). 47．I think there is more ________ (pollute) in the paper factory. 48．Follow these tips, and your speech will sound more ________ (nature). 49．This technology helps students a lot with ________ (they) homework. 50．They got ________ (marry) in their hometown last summer. C）从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺(每词限用一次)。 difference,    drink,   when,    easy,   to Food and drink cultures are 51 around the world. Let’s learn about some of them. In Japan, tea is an important part of their life. People 52 tea during the day. The tea ceremony is a special way to enjoy tea. It’s slow and peaceful. In France, people care about their meals. They spend a long time eating. They talk and enjoy the food. It’s not easy 53 eat quickly. In Mexico, people like spicy food. They often eat with their hands. They also like to have cola and coffee. In China, people usually have three meals a day. 54 eating, we should not make too much noise. We also like to drink tea. It’s important to know these different cultures. They help us make friends with people from other countries and live 55 . 五、阅读填空（共20小题;每小题1分, 满分20分） A）请认真阅读下面短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 Using only ten symbols (0-9), we can write any number, small or large. But why do we use these ten symbols? And why is there 10 of them? Strange as it seems to us now, there was a time when numbers, as we know them, simply weren’t used. So, have you ever wondered how numbers first came about? Let’s learn about a brief history of numbers. Early humans in the Old Stone Age likely counted animals and other objects by carving tally marks (记数符号) on walls, bones or stone. Each tally mark stood for 1 and each fifth mark was scored through to help keep track. This system was only fine for small numbers, but it didn’t really work with large numbers. As the society developed, people came up with different ways of writing down numbers. They created new symbols for each larger number. But many of these systems in different countries were mainly based on tally marks and it was still difficult to write large numbers. By the seventh century, Indians had perfected the decimal positional (位值的) system, which could describe any number with only ten unique (唯一) symbols. A key breakthrough of this system was the number 0. Older systems, which didn’t have 0, would leave a blank in its place, making it hard to distinguish (区分) between 63 and 603, or 12 and 120. Having and using 0 helped make writing down numbers clearer and easier for everyone to understand. But why were the numbers known as “Arabic” (阿拉伯数字) since they were born in India? Here’s an interesting story. Sometime in the year 771, Arab businessmen took some Indian scholars (学者) to Baghdad to help teach them the new set of numbers. After learning the numbers, the Arabs translated them into their own writing system that is Arabic. Sometime later, the Arab traders spread these numerals into Europe. As the world got these numbers from Arabia, these came to be known as Arabic numerals. The 56 of numbers What we’ve known about numbers ● We use ten symbols to count. ● There was a time people didn’t use numbers. How the numbers 57 In the Old Stone Age ● People mainly 58 things by carving tally marks. ● The system worked only for small numbers. ● The systems had one problem with writing 59 numbers. By the 60 century ● Indians perfected the decimal positional system. ● It’s a key breakthrough to create the number 61 , which can tell the 62 between 63 and 603, or 12 and 120. ● It helped everyone understand the numbers more 63 and easily. Why the numbers are called Arabic numerals ● The numbers were born in India. ● In 771, some Indian scholars went to Baghdad to 64 the new numbers. ● Then the Arabs took the new set of numbers to 65 . ● The world got these numbers known as Arabic numerals. B）请根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,并将答案填写在答题卡相应位置上。 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。 Project: Green City Survey Our class has s 66 a project called “Green City Survey”. We want to find out how our city has c 67 in terms of environmental protection (环境保护) in the past ten years. We have i 68 200 people in our city and collected a lot of data (数据). Ten years ago, the air quality in our city was not very good. There were many factories that p 69 waste gas into the air. People often wore masks when they went out. The sky was often gray. Now, the government has c 70 some polluting factories. They have also b 71 more parks and planted more trees. The air quality has improved a lot. The sky is blue most of the time. Ten years ago, the rivers in our city were very dirty. People t 72 rubbish into the rivers. The water was black and smelly. There were no fish in the rivers. Now, the government has built sewage treatment plants (污水处理厂) and fined people who pollute rivers. The rivers are clean now. Ten years ago, there was no waste sorting (垃圾分类). Now, waste sorting has been p 73 in our city. The government has built waste recycling centers. The amount of waste has been r 74 a lot. Ten years ago, public transportation was poor. Now, the government has built more bus lines and two subway lines. The public transportation is very c 75 . More and more people choose to take public transport to work. We think our city has become greener and more beautiful. We hope it will be even better in the future. 八、书面表达 76．野生动物保护协会(Wildlife Protection Society)现正招募志愿者。假如你是阳光中学的一名学生李华，看到其招募广告，你想要参加。根据提示信息完成一封申请信。 Personal information 八年级，喜欢生物，爱好…(至少写一点) Reasons 1.     想要更了解动物 2.     野生动物正处于危险中…(至少写两点) Activities 1．    曾去盐城自然保护区帮忙…(至少写一点) 2．    周六下午3；00到6；00有空参加协会的活动 Contact way 电话：0514-86521128 注意： 1、表达中必须包含所给要点，具体内容可以发挥，不要简单翻译。 2、词数100左右，开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chairperson, I would like to join Wildlife Protection Society. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $