暑假作业14 语法填空题型满分突破（巩固培优）高二英语通用版

**基本信息** 聚焦语法填空两类题型，通过考点分类精讲、易错点总结构建系统性解题方法，强化语言综合运用与逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |考点分类|虚词5类+实词4类|分类突破法（虚词按功能、实词按成分）|从基础概念到语法功能，构建“词类-句法”逻辑链| |易错点总结|6大高频误区|避坑指南（非谓语三原则、时态标志词等）|错误归因→规则提炼→应用验证| |题型训练|单句+短文填空（16篇）|分层训练法（基础+培优）|从单句语法到语篇语境，实现知识迁移|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业14 语法填空题型满分突破 一、题型定义 短文语法填空是高中英语核心必考题型，依托完整短文语境，考查考生对基础语法、固定搭配、词性转换、句式结构的综合运用能力。 题型分为两类：无提示词填空（仅填1个虚词）、有提示词填空（给出实词，需变形填空），全面覆盖初高中核心语法考点，是夯实语法基础、冲刺满分的关键题型。 二、核心考点分类精讲 （一）无提示词填空（一空一词，仅限虚词） 无需给出单词，仅结合句子结构、语义逻辑填写冠词、介词、连词、代词、情态动词五类虚词，是语法填空基础必得分点。 1. 冠词：分为定冠词the、不定冠词a/an，泛指单数可数名词用a/an，特指、专有名词、固定搭配用the。 2. 介词：置于名词、代词、动名词之前，主要考查固定搭配、时间地点、方式原因等逻辑关系。 3. 连词：分为并列连词（and/but/or/so等，连接并列成分）和从句引导词（定语、状语、名词性从句引导词，衔接主从句）。 4. 代词：考查it用法、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词，用于指代人、事物或构成固定句式。 5. 情态动词：结合语境表能力、推测、建议、义务，常用can/may/must/should/will等。 （二）有提示词填空（实词变形，核心重难点） 给出名词、动词、形容词、副词四类实词，需根据句子成分、时态语态、句式规则进行词形变换，是题型拉分重点。 1. 动词（最高频）：作谓语需判断时态、语态、主谓一致；不作谓语需变形为非谓语（to do/doing/done）。 2. 名词：主要考查单复数、词性转换、名词所有格，常作主语、宾语、表语。 3. 形容词：修饰名词、作表语/定语，考查比较等级、反义词、词性转换。 4. 副词：修饰动词、形容词、整句话，考查形容词与副词互换、比较等级。 三、高频易错点总结（满分避坑） 1.非谓语误区：介词后、固定搭配后一律用动名词 doing；表目的优先用 to do； 主动进行用 doing，被动完成用 done。 2.主谓一致：不定代词 (everyone/nobody)、动名词、不定式作主语，谓语用单数。 3.时态易错：so far/up to now → 现在完成时；last/just now → 一般过去时；if 主将从现。 4.形容词&副词：修饰名词用 adj.，修饰动词 / 整句用 adv.；-ed 修饰人，-ing 修饰物。 5.从句引导词：定语从句看先行词 + 成分；名词性从句看句子缺不缺成分；状语从句看逻辑关系。 6.被动语态：及物动词无宾语、主语是动作承受者时，必用被动。 四、答题规范提醒 1.严格按照要求：一空只填 1 个单词，有提示词注意词形变化，无提示词只填虚词。 2.注意大小写：句首单词、专有名词首字母必须大写。 3.书写工整，避免拼写错误（如 separate、different 等易拼错单词）。 一、单项选择 1．________ (see) from the top of the hill, the park looks extremely beautiful. A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Saw 2．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. A. took B. have taken C. are taking D. will take 3．This is the best book ________ I have ever read in my middle school life. A. which B. that C. what D. who 4．We should keep ________ (calm) when we face unexpected difficulties. A. calmly B. calm C. calming D. calmed 5．It is important ________ students to develop good learning habits. A. for B. of C. to D. with 6．She devoted all her spare time ________ studying English to improve her skills. A. in B. on C. to D. at 7．________ you work hard, you will finally achieve your dream. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. Because 8．The little girl was ________ (excite) to receive so many gifts on her birthday. A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. excitement 二、单句语法填空 根据句意、句式结构和括号内提示，填写正确形式（每空一词）。 9．Reading is of great ________ (important) for English learners. 10．He refused ________ (accept) the gift from his classmates politely. 11．There ________ (be) a book and two pens on the desk just now. 12．We should learn to be ________ (thank) for what we have owned. 13．The man, ________ we met yesterday, is our new math teacher. 14．Practice makes perfect, which is a ________ (universe) truth. 15．I have no idea ________ he will come to the party or not. 三、句型转换 根据要求改写句子，保持句意不变，适配语法填空句式考点。 1．Because he was ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.（改为非谓语动词作状语） → ________ ________, he didn’t attend the meeting. 2．The book is very interesting. I read it yesterday.（合并为定语从句） →The book ________ ________ ________ yesterday is very interesting. 3．It took me two hours to finish my homework.（改为spend句型） →I ________ two hours ________ my homework. 4．If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the bus.（改为祈使句+and/or句型） →________ ________, or you will miss the bus. 四、完成句子 根据句意和提示，补全句子空缺部分，每空一词。 1．We should take an active part ________ outdoor activities to keep healthy. 2．No one can succeed ________ hard work. 3．I am looking forward to ________ (receive) your reply soon. 4．The more you practice, the ________ (good) your English will be. 5．He is ________ a kind boy that everyone likes him. 五、英汉互译 1．坚持努力，你迟早会取得进步。（make progress） 2．只有当你敢于尝试，你才能突破自我。（only when倒装） 3．失败是成长过程中不可避免的一部分。（inevitable） 4．我认为每天阅读是提升英语的有效方式。（动名词作主语） 短文语法填空 一、阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. Passage 01 As we all know, kindness is one of the most valuable virtues in our life. Last summer vacation, I took part in a community volunteer activity, 1 taught me a precious lesson. Early in the morning, my classmates and I arrived at the old people’s home. We first helped the elderly 2 (clean) their rooms and wash their clothes. Then we chatted with them 3 (patient), listening to their stories about the past. Some old people felt lonely, so we tried our best 4 (cheer) them up. We sang songs, danced and told interesting jokes 5 (make) them happy. An old grandma told me that she missed her children very much. Her words touched me deeply. I realized that the elderly need not only material help, 6 also spiritual care. Time passed quickly. Before we knew it, it was time for us 7 (leave). All the old people thanked us sincerely and looked forward to our next visit. This activity is 8 (meaning) to me. It makes me understand that kindness is not just a word, but a kind of action. If everyone shows love to others, our world will become much 9 (warm). I will keep this virtue in mind and stick to 10 (help) people in need. Passage 02 Nowadays, many students are crazy about online games. Some students spend too much time 1.______ (play) games, which has a bad influence 2.______ their study and health. They often stay up late, 3.______ makes them sleepy in class. What’s worse, some even skip classes 4.______ (play) games. In my opinion, online games can be fun if we play them 5.______ (proper). We can relax ourselves after long hours of study. 6.______ we must control our time. Parents and teachers should also guide students 7.______ (use) online games wisely. Only in this way 8.______ students enjoy games and make progress in study at the same time. Passage 03 Reading is one of 1.______ greatest hobbies. When we read books, we can learn a lot of knowledge and open our minds. There are many kinds of books, 2.______ (include) storybooks, science books and history books. I like reading storybooks most. They bring me joy and teach me many 3.______ (life) lessons. Every time I read a new story, I feel 4.______ (excite). My parents always encourage me 5.______ (read) more. They say reading 6.______ (be) a lifelong journey. Now I spend half an hour 7.______ reading every day. I believe 8.______ reading will make me a better person. Passage 04 During the summer holiday, I decided 1.______ (take) a part-time job. I worked as a waiter in 2.______ small restaurant. At first, I found it difficult 3.______ (serve) customers well. I was tired every day, 4.______ I never gave up. Gradually, I became good at my work. I also made several new friends 5.______ worked there. This experience taught me 6.______ (value) lessons. I understand that hard work 7.______ (bring) happiness. Now I am more independent 8.______ before. Passage 05 Music plays 1.______ important role in our daily life. It can cheer us up 2.______ we feel sad. Different people like different kinds of music. My favorite music 3.______ (be) pop music. I often listen to music when I 4.______ (do) my homework. It helps me relax. My elder sister enjoys classical music, 5.______ she thinks it is peaceful. We sometimes listen to music together after 6.______ (finish) our study. Music is like 7.______ old friend. It stays with us all the time. I hope everyone 8.______ (love) music and enjoys its beauty. Passage 06 Last weekend, my family and I 1.______ (go) to the park. The weather was fine, and there were many people there. Some kids 2.______ (run) and laughed happily. Old people sat on benches, 3.______ (chat) with each other. We walked along the lake 4.______ enjoyed the beautiful views. My little brother wanted 5.______ (feed) the fish in the lake. We bought some food 6.______ him. Time passed quickly. It was nearly evening 7.______ we left the park. We all had 8.______ wonderful day. Passage 07 English is a global language. It 1.______ (use) all over the world now. As students, we must learn English 2.______ (good). Many students think English is hard, 3.______ in fact, it is easy if you learn it in a right way. Listening, speaking, reading and writing are four basic skills 4.______ we need to master. I keep on 5.______ (read) English articles every morning. It helps me improve my vocabulary 6.______ pronunciation. Don’t be afraid 7.______ making mistakes. Practice makes perfect. I believe we 8.______ (succeed) in learning English one day. Passage 08 Volunteering is a great activity. More and more young people take part in it 1.______ (help) others. Last month, I joined a volunteer group 2.______ we went to visit the elderly in the community. The old people were very happy 3.______ (see) us. We cleaned their rooms and talked 4.______ them. Some of us sang songs 5.______ danced for them. This activity made me realize 6.______ we should care more about the elderly. Volunteering not only helps others 7.______ also makes us happy. I decide 8.______ (be) a volunteer more often. Passage 09 Nature is our best friend. We depend 1.______ nature for food, water and air. However, now nature 2.______ (face) many problems, such as pollution. Rubbish is everywhere, and rivers are no longer clean. Many animals lose 3.______ (they) homes. It is necessary for us 4.______ (protect) nature. We can do small things, like 5.______ (plant) trees and saving water. If everyone tries his best, our world 6.______ (become) more beautiful. Let’s take action right now 7.______ love and protect 8.______ (we) nature. Passage 10 Failure is common in our life. No one can avoid 1.______ (fail). Some people feel upset 2.______ they fail, while others learn lessons from it. When I failed my math test last term, I didn’t give up. Instead, I found out 3.______ I made mistakes. I asked my teacher and classmates 4.______ help. Gradually, my math became 5.______ (good) than before. As the saying goes, "Failure is the mother of 6.______ (succeed)". We should treat failure 7.______ a chance to improve ourselves. Never lose heart, 8.______ you will achieve your dream. Passage 11 Hobbies make our life colorful. Everyone has 1.______ own hobby. My hobby is collecting stamps. I 2.______ (collect) stamps for three years so far. I have more than two hundred stamps now. Some stamps are about famous places, 3.______ others are about animals. I learn a lot of knowledge 4.______ these stamps. My father often buys new stamps 5.______ me when he travels. Every time I get a new stamp, I feel very 6.______ (please). Collecting stamps is 7.______ (relax) for me. I will keep this hobby 8.______ ever. 二、培优提升篇（5 篇拔高短文，侧重长难句、复合句、特殊语法、易错题） Passage 12（复合从句+时态综合） I still remember the day 1.______ I first came to this school. At that time, I was nervous 2.______ I knew no one here. A kind teacher came up to me and told me 3.______ (not worry). She said that everyone in the class 4.______ (be) friendly. Later, I made friends with Li Hua, 5.______ is my deskmate now. We often study and play together. Up to now, we 6.______ (spend) nearly two years together. I feel lucky 7.______ (have) such a good friend. I believe our friendship 8.______ (last) forever. Passage 13（非谓语+被动语态+固定搭配难点） 1.______ (Walk) along the street yesterday, I saw an old man fall down. Many people stood there, not knowing 2.______ to do. I ran over immediately 3.______ (help) him. The old man’s leg 4.______ (hurt) badly. I called 5.______ ambulance right away. While we were waiting, I talked with him 6.______ (calm) to make him relaxed. Soon the doctors arrived and took him to hospital. Many people praised me 7.______ my kindness. I think everyone should do what they can 8.______ (help) people in need. Passage 14（倒装+情态动词+词性转换拔高） Only when you work hard 1.______ you get good grades. This is a rule 2.______ all students should keep in mind. Many students want 3.______ (achieve) success easily, but it is 4.______ (possible). Success requires patience and effort. You 5.______ never give up halfway. Every small progress you make 6.______ (lead) you closer to your goal. Besides, it is important 7.______ you to learn from your mistakes. Keep moving forward, 8.______ you will realize your dream in the end. Passage 15（名词性从句+比较等级+主谓一致） 1.______ makes me happy is that my hometown has changed a lot. Ten years ago, it was 2.______ (quiet) than now. There were few tall buildings and roads. Now more trees and flowers 3.______ (plant) every year. The streets are clean and wide. People’s life is much 4.______ (good) than before. I wonder 5.______ my hometown will become in ten years. I hope 6.______ it will become more beautiful. Everyone living here 7.______ (love) our hometown and tries their best 8.______ make it better. Passage 16（虚拟语气+状语从句综合，难点压轴） If I 1.______ (have) more free time this summer, I will travel to the countryside. The air there is fresher 2.______ that in the city. I plan 3.______ (stay) there for a week. I want to experience farm life, 4.______ I can learn how to grow vegetables. Even 5.______ the weather is hot, I will enjoy myself. My grandma lives there, 6.______ I will spend more time with her. I think this trip 7.______ (be) wonderful. It will not only relax my body 8.______ also refresh my mind. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业14 语法填空题型满分突破 一、题型定义 短文语法填空是高中英语核心必考题型，依托完整短文语境，考查考生对基础语法、固定搭配、词性转换、句式结构的综合运用能力。 题型分为两类：无提示词填空（仅填1个虚词）、有提示词填空（给出实词，需变形填空），全面覆盖初高中核心语法考点，是夯实语法基础、冲刺满分的关键题型。 二、核心考点分类精讲 （一）无提示词填空（一空一词，仅限虚词） 无需给出单词，仅结合句子结构、语义逻辑填写冠词、介词、连词、代词、情态动词五类虚词，是语法填空基础必得分点。 1. 冠词：分为定冠词the、不定冠词a/an，泛指单数可数名词用a/an，特指、专有名词、固定搭配用the。 2. 介词：置于名词、代词、动名词之前，主要考查固定搭配、时间地点、方式原因等逻辑关系。 3. 连词：分为并列连词（and/but/or/so等，连接并列成分）和从句引导词（定语、状语、名词性从句引导词，衔接主从句）。 4. 代词：考查it用法、物主代词、不定代词、反身代词，用于指代人、事物或构成固定句式。 5. 情态动词：结合语境表能力、推测、建议、义务，常用can/may/must/should/will等。 （二）有提示词填空（实词变形，核心重难点） 给出名词、动词、形容词、副词四类实词，需根据句子成分、时态语态、句式规则进行词形变换，是题型拉分重点。 1. 动词（最高频）：作谓语需判断时态、语态、主谓一致；不作谓语需变形为非谓语（to do/doing/done）。 2. 名词：主要考查单复数、词性转换、名词所有格，常作主语、宾语、表语。 3. 形容词：修饰名词、作表语/定语，考查比较等级、反义词、词性转换。 4. 副词：修饰动词、形容词、整句话，考查形容词与副词互换、比较等级。 三、高频易错点总结（满分避坑） 1.非谓语误区：介词后、固定搭配后一律用动名词 doing；表目的优先用 to do； 主动进行用 doing，被动完成用 done。 2.主谓一致：不定代词 (everyone/nobody)、动名词、不定式作主语，谓语用单数。 3.时态易错：so far/up to now → 现在完成时；last/just now → 一般过去时；if 主将从现。 4.形容词&副词：修饰名词用 adj.，修饰动词 / 整句用 adv.；-ed 修饰人，-ing 修饰物。 5.从句引导词：定语从句看先行词 + 成分；名词性从句看句子缺不缺成分；状语从句看逻辑关系。 6.被动语态：及物动词无宾语、主语是动作承受者时，必用被动。 四、答题规范提醒 1.严格按照要求：一空只填 1 个单词，有提示词注意词形变化，无提示词只填虚词。 2.注意大小写：句首单词、专有名词首字母必须大写。 3.书写工整，避免拼写错误（如 separate、different 等易拼错单词）。 一、单项选择 1．________ (see) from the top of the hill, the park looks extremely beautiful. A. Seeing B. Seen C. To see D. Saw 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词作状语。句子主语the park与see之间为被动关系，意为“公园被从山顶眺望”，需用过去分词表被动、完成。故选B。 2．Great changes ________ (take) place in my hometown in the past ten years. A. took B. have taken C. are taking D. will take 【答案】B 【解析】考查现在完成时。时间状语in the past ten years（在过去十年里）是现在完成时的标志性时间，主语changes为复数，谓语用have done形式。故选B。 3．This is the best book ________ I have ever read in my middle school life. A. which B. that C. what D. who 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词book被最高级the best修饰，定语从句只能用关系代词that引导，不能用which。故选B。 4．We should keep ________ (calm) when we face unexpected difficulties. A. calmly B. calm C. calming D. calmed 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词作宾补。固定搭配keep + 宾语 + 形容词（宾补），表示“使某人/某物保持某种状态”，calm为形容词“冷静的”。故选B。 5．It is important ________ students to develop good learning habits. A. for B. of C. to D. with 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定句式。It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”，此处形容词important是描述事情的性质，用for。故选A。 6．She devoted all her spare time ________ studying English to improve her skills. A. in B. on C. to D. at 【答案】C 【解析】考查固定搭配。devote time to doing sth. 为固定短语，意为“投入时间做某事”，to为介词，后接动名词。故选C。 7．________ you work hard, you will finally achieve your dream. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. Because 【答案】B 【解析】考查条件状语从句。句意：如果你努力奋斗，终会实现梦想。if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”，符合语境。故选B。 8．The little girl was ________ (excite) to receive so many gifts on her birthday. A. exciting B. excited C. excite D. excitement 【答案】B 【解析】考查形容词辨析。-ed形容词excited修饰人，意为“感到兴奋的”；-ing形容词exciting修饰事物，意为“令人兴奋的”。主语为人，故选B。 二、单句语法填空 根据句意、句式结构和括号内提示，填写正确形式（每空一词）。 9．Reading is of great ________ (important) for English learners. 【答案】importance 【解析】考查名词。固定搭配be of + 抽象名词 = be + 形容词，important的抽象名词为importance，意为“重要性”。故填importance。 10．He refused ________ (accept) the gift from his classmates politely. 【答案】to accept 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定搭配refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事，后接动词不定式作宾语。故填to accept。 11．There ________ (be) a book and two pens on the desk just now. 【答案】was 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。there be句型遵循就近原则，靠近be动词的a book为单数；时间状语just now为一般过去时，故填was。 12．We should learn to be ________ (thank) for what we have owned. 【答案】thankful 【解析】考查形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语，thank的形容词形式为thankful，意为“感恩的”。故填thankful。 13．The man, ________ we met yesterday, is our new math teacher. 【答案】who/whom 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。先行词the man指人，从句中作met的宾语，可用关系代词who或whom。故填who/whom。 14．Practice makes perfect, which is a ________ (universe) truth. 【答案】universal 【解析】考查形容词。修饰名词truth需用形容词，universe的形容词为universal，意为“普遍的”。故填universal。 15．I have no idea ________ he will come to the party or not. 【答案】whether 【解析】考查名词性从句。固定搭配whether...or not（是否），引导同位语从句，解释说明idea的内容。故填whether。 三、句型转换 根据要求改写句子，保持句意不变，适配语法填空句式考点。 1．Because he was ill, he didn’t attend the meeting.（改为非谓语动词作状语） → ________ ________, he didn’t attend the meeting. 【答案】Being ill 【解析】考查非谓语作原因状语。主句主语he与be动词为主动关系，用现在分词短语being ill作状语，替换原因状语从句，句意保持一致。 2．The book is very interesting. I read it yesterday.（合并为定语从句） →The book ________ ________ ________ yesterday is very interesting. 【答案】that/which I read 【解析】考查定语从句。先行词the book指物，在从句中作read的宾语，用that/which引导，从句时态保持一般过去时。 3．It took me two hours to finish my homework.（改为spend句型） →I ________ two hours ________ my homework. 【答案】spent; finishing 【解析】考查固定句型转换。It takes sb. some time to do sth. = sb. spends some time doing sth.，原句为一般过去时，spend过去式为spent。 4．If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the bus.（改为祈使句+and/or句型） →________ ________, or you will miss the bus. 【答案】Hurry up 【解析】考查祈使句句型。if否定条件句可转换为“祈使句+or+陈述句”，or表示“否则”，符合原句语义。 四、完成句子 根据句意和提示，补全句子空缺部分，每空一词。 1．We should take an active part ________ outdoor activities to keep healthy. 【答案】in 【解析】考查固定搭配。take part in 为固定短语，意为“参加”，active修饰part表示“积极参加”。 2．No one can succeed ________ hard work. 【答案】without 【解析】考查介词。句意：没有努力，没有人能够成功。without意为“没有、缺乏”，符合语境。 3．I am looking forward to ________ (receive) your reply soon. 【答案】receiving 【解析】考查固定搭配。look forward to doing sth. 期待做某事，to为介词，后接动名词。 4．The more you practice, the ________ (good) your English will be. 【答案】better 【解析】考查比较级固定句型。the + 比较级，the + 比较级，表示“越……越……”，good的比较级为better。 5．He is ________ a kind boy that everyone likes him. 【答案】such 【解析】考查固定句型。such + a/an + 形容词 + 单数名词 + that从句，表示“如此……以至于……”。 五、英汉互译 1．坚持努力，你迟早会取得进步。（make progress） 【答案】Keep working hard, and you will make progress sooner or later. 【解析】考查祈使句+and句型、固定短语。keep doing sth. 坚持做某事；work hard 努力；make progress 取得进步；sooner or later 迟早，句子时态用一般将来时。 2．只有当你敢于尝试，你才能突破自我。（only when倒装） 【答案】Only when you dare to try can you break through yourself. 【解析】考查部分倒装。only+状语从句置于句首，主句需用部分倒装；dare to do sth. 敢于做某事；break through 突破。 3．失败是成长过程中不可避免的一部分。（inevitable） 【答案】Failure is an inevitable part of the process of growth. 【解析】考查形容词作定语。inevitable（不可避免的）为形容词，修饰名词part；the process of growth 成长过程。 4．我认为每天阅读是提升英语的有效方式。（动名词作主语） 【答案】I think reading every day is an effective way to improve English. 【解析】考查动名词作主语。reading every day作宾语从句主语，谓语用单数；an effective way to do sth. 做某事的有效方式。 短文语法填空 一、阅读下面材料，在空格处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号中单词的正确形式. Passage 01 As we all know, kindness is one of the most valuable virtues in our life. Last summer vacation, I took part in a community volunteer activity, 1 taught me a precious lesson. Early in the morning, my classmates and I arrived at the old people’s home. We first helped the elderly 2 (clean) their rooms and wash their clothes. Then we chatted with them 3 (patient), listening to their stories about the past. Some old people felt lonely, so we tried our best 4 (cheer) them up. We sang songs, danced and told interesting jokes 5 (make) them happy. An old grandma told me that she missed her children very much. Her words touched me deeply. I realized that the elderly need not only material help, 6 also spiritual care. Time passed quickly. Before we knew it, it was time for us 7 (leave). All the old people thanked us sincerely and looked forward to our next visit. This activity is 8 (meaning) to me. It makes me understand that kindness is not just a word, but a kind of action. If everyone shows love to others, our world will become much 9 (warm). I will keep this virtue in mind and stick to 10 (help) people in need. 答案解析 1. which 2. (to) clean 3. patiently 4. to cheer 5. to make 6. but 7. to leave 8. meaningful 9. warmer 10. helping 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过参加敬老院志愿活动，感悟到善良的意义，明白老人不仅需要物质帮助，更需要精神关怀，也坚定了自己乐于助人的初心。 1. which 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整个句子内容，且从句缺少主语，用关系代词which。 2. (to) clean 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定搭配help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事，to可省略，故填(to) clean。 3. patiently 【解析】考查副词。空处修饰动词chatted，需用副词形式，patient的副词为patiently（耐心地）。 4. to cheer 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定搭配try one’s best to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事，填不定式to cheer。 5. to make 【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，唱歌、跳舞、讲笑话的目的是让老人们开心，故填to make。 6. but 【解析】考查固定搭配。not only...but also... 为固定结构，意为“不仅……而且……”，连接并列宾语。 7. to leave 【解析】考查固定句式。It is time for sb. to do sth. 到某人做某事的时间了，填不定式to leave。 8. meaningful 【解析】考查形容词。be动词后接形容词作表语，meaning的形容词为meaningful，意为“有意义的”。 9. warmer 【解析】考查比较级。much可修饰形容词比较级，warm的比较级为warmer，表示“更加温暖”。 10. helping 【解析】考查非谓语动词。固定搭配stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事， Passage 02 Nowadays, many students are crazy about online games. Some students spend too much time 1.______ (play) games, which has a bad influence 2.______ their study and health. They often stay up late, 3.______ makes them sleepy in class. What’s worse, some even skip classes 4.______ (play) games. In my opinion, online games can be fun if we play them 5.______ (proper). We can relax ourselves after long hours of study. 6.______ we must control our time. Parents and teachers should also guide students 7.______ (use) online games wisely. Only in this way 8.______ students enjoy games and make progress in study at the same time. 答案解析 1. playing 解析：固定搭配 spend time (in) doing sth. 花费时间做某事，故填动名词 playing。 2. on 解析：固定搭配 have an influence on sb./sth. 对…… 有影响，介词用 on。 3. which 解析：非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话内容，从句中作主语，用关系代词 which。 4. to play 解析：不定式作目的状语，逃课的目的是玩游戏，填 to play。 5. properly 解析：修饰动词 play，需用副词形式，proper 的副词是 properly（适当地）。 6. But 解析：前后语义转折，玩游戏可以放松，但是必须控制时间，句首首字母大写。 7. to use 解析：固定搭配 guide sb. to do sth. 指导某人做某事，填 to use。 8. can 解析：only + 状语置于句首，句子用部分倒装。结合句意 “只有这样，学生才能兼顾娱乐和学习”，填情态动词 can。 Passage 03 Reading is one of 1.______ greatest hobbies. When we read books, we can learn a lot of knowledge and open our minds. There are many kinds of books, 2.______ (include) storybooks, science books and history books. I like reading storybooks most. They bring me joy and teach me many 3.______ (life) lessons. Every time I read a new story, I feel 4.______ (excite). My parents always encourage me 5.______ (read) more. They say reading 6.______ (be) a lifelong journey. Now I spend half an hour 7.______ reading every day. I believe 8.______ reading will make me a better person. 答案解析： 1. the 解析：形容词最高级 greatest 前必须加定冠词 the。 2. including 解析：介词 including（包括），后接列举内容，为固定用法。 3. life 解析：名词作定语，life lessons 人生道理，用名词原形 life。 4. excited 解析：-ed 形容词修饰人，表示 “感到兴奋的”；-ing 形容词修饰物，此处主语为 人，填 excited。 5. to read 解析：固定搭配 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事。 6. is 解析：动名词 reading 作主语，谓语动词用单数；时态为一般现在时，故填 is。 7. in 解析：spend time in doing sth. 固定搭配，in 可省略，此处保留 in。 8. that 解析：宾语从句，从句句意、成分完整，引导词用 that，可省略。 Passage 04 During the summer holiday, I decided 1.______ (take) a part-time job. I worked as a waiter in 2.______ small restaurant. At first, I found it difficult 3.______ (serve) customers well. I was tired every day, 4.______ I never gave up. Gradually, I became good at my work. I also made several new friends 5.______ worked there. This experience taught me 6.______ (value) lessons. I understand that hard work 7.______ (bring) happiness. Now I am more independent 8.______ before. 答案解析 1. to take 解析：decide to do sth. 决定做某事 2. a 解析：泛指一家小餐馆，small 以辅音音素开头，用 a 3. to serve 解析：it 作形式宾语，真正宾语为不定式 to serve 4. but 解析：前后转折：很累，但从未放弃 5. who/that 解析：定语从句，先行词 friends 指人，从句作主语，用 who/that 6. valuable 解析：修饰名词 lessons，用形容词 valuable（宝贵的） 7. brings 解析：主语 hard work 为不可数名词，一般现在时，谓语用单数 8. than 解析：比较级标志，more...than... 比…… 更 Passage 05 Music plays 1.______ important role in our daily life. It can cheer us up 2.______ we feel sad. Different people like different kinds of music. My favorite music 3.______ (be) pop music. I often listen to music when I 4.______ (do) my homework. It helps me relax. My elder sister enjoys classical music, 5.______ she thinks it is peaceful. We sometimes listen to music together after 6.______ (finish) our study. Music is like 7.______ old friend. It stays with us all the time. I hope everyone 8.______ (love) music and enjoys its beauty. 答案解析 1. an 解析：play an important role 固定搭配，important 元音音素开头 2. when 解析：时间状语从句，当我们难过时，音乐能鼓舞我们 3. is 解析：主语 music 不可数，一般现在时用 is 4. am doing 解析：when 引导时间状语从句，强调 “正在做作业时”，用现在进行时 5. because 解析：原因状语从句，喜欢古典乐是因为它很舒缓 6. finishing 解析：介词 after 后接动名词 7. an 解析：泛指一位老朋友，old 元音音素开头，用 an 8. will love 解析：hope 后接从句，表期许，用一般将来时 Passage 06 Last weekend, my family and I 1.______ (go) to the park. The weather was fine, and there were many people there. Some kids 2.______ (run) and laughed happily. Old people sat on benches, 3.______ (chat) with each other. We walked along the lake 4.______ enjoyed the beautiful views. My little brother wanted 5.______ (feed) the fish in the lake. We bought some food 6.______ him. Time passed quickly. It was nearly evening 7.______ we left the park. We all had 8.______ wonderful day. 答案解析 1. went 解析：last weekend 为过去时间，一般过去时 2. ran 解析：并列谓语，与 laughed 时态一致，用过去式 3. chatting 解析：现在分词作伴随状语 4. and 解析：并列谓语 walked 和 enjoyed，用并列连词 and 5. to feed 解析：want to do sth. 想要做某事 6. for 解析：buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 7. when 解析：时间状语从句，当我们离开时已是傍晚 8. a 解析：have a wonderful day 度过美好的一天，固定搭配 Passage 07 English is a global language. It 1.______ (use) all over the world now. As students, we must learn English 2.______ (good). Many students think English is hard, 3.______ in fact, it is easy if you learn it in a right way. Listening, speaking, reading and writing are four basic skills 4.______ we need to master. I keep on 5.______ (read) English articles every morning. It helps me improve my vocabulary 6.______ pronunciation. Don’t be afraid 7.______ making mistakes. Practice makes perfect. I believe we 8.______ (succeed) in learning English one day. 答案解析 1. is used 解析：一般现在时被动语态，语言被使用 2. well 解析：修饰动词 learn，用副词 well 3. but 解析：语义转折：很多人觉得难，但方法对就不难 4. that/which 解析：定语从句，先行词 skills 指物，作宾语 5. reading 解析：keep on doing sth. 坚持做某事 6. and 解析：并列名词 vocabulary 和 pronunciation 7. of 解析：be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事 8. will succeed 解析：one day 表将来，用一般将来时 Passage 08 Volunteering is a great activity. More and more young people take part in it 1.______ (help) others. Last month, I joined a volunteer group 2.______ we went to visit the elderly in the community. The old people were very happy 3.______ (see) us. We cleaned their rooms and talked 4.______ them. Some of us sang songs 5.______ danced for them. This activity made me realize 6.______ we should care more about the elderly. Volunteering not only helps others 7.______ also makes us happy. I decide 8.______ (be) a volunteer more often. 答案解析 1. to help 解析：不定式作目的状语 2. and 解析：并列两个动作：加入志愿队，然后去看望老人 3. to see 解析：be happy to do sth. 很高兴做某事 4. with 解析：talk with sb. 和某人交谈 5. and 解析：并列谓语 sang 和 danced 6. that 解析：宾语从句，从句完整，用 that 7. but 解析：not only...but also... 不仅…… 而且…… 8. to be 解析：decide to do sth. 决定做某事 Passage 09 Nature is our best friend. We depend 1.______ nature for food, water and air. However, now nature 2.______ (face) many problems, such as pollution. Rubbish is everywhere, and rivers are no longer clean. Many animals lose 3.______ (they) homes. It is necessary for us 4.______ (protect) nature. We can do small things, like 5.______ (plant) trees and saving water. If everyone tries his best, our world 6.______ (become) more beautiful. Let’s take action right now 7.______ love and protect 8.______ (we) nature. 答案解析 1. on 解析：depend on 依靠，固定搭配 2. is facing 解析：现在进行时，大自然正面临诸多问题 3. their 解析：形容词性物主代词，修饰名词 homes 4. to protect 解析：it 作形式主语，it's necessary to do sth. 5. planting 解析：介词 like 后接动名词 6. will become 解析：if 引导条件状语从句，主将从现 7. to 解析：不定式作目的状语 8. our 解析：形容词性物主代词修饰名词 nature Passage 10 Failure is common in our life. No one can avoid 1.______ (fail). Some people feel upset 2.______ they fail, while others learn lessons from it. When I failed my math test last term, I didn’t give up. Instead, I found out 3.______ I made mistakes. I asked my teacher and classmates 4.______ help. Gradually, my math became 5.______ (good) than before. As the saying goes, "Failure is the mother of 6.______ (succeed)". We should treat failure 7.______ a chance to improve ourselves. Never lose heart, 8.______ you will achieve your dream. 答案解析 1. failure 解析：avoid 后接名词 / 动名词，此处用名词 failure（失败） 2. when 解析：时间状语从句，当人们失败时 3. why 解析：宾语从句，查明出错的原因，用 why 4. for 解析：ask sb. for help 向某人求助 5. better 解析：than 为比较级标志，good 的比较级 better 6. success 解析：of 后接名词，succeed 的名词 success 7. as 解析：treat...as... 把…… 看作…… 8. and 解析：祈使句 + and + 陈述句，表顺承 Passage 11 Hobbies make our life colorful. Everyone has 1.______ own hobby. My hobby is collecting stamps. I 2.______ (collect) stamps for three years so far. I have more than two hundred stamps now. Some stamps are about famous places, 3.______ others are about animals. I learn a lot of knowledge 4.______ these stamps. My father often buys new stamps 5.______ me when he travels. Every time I get a new stamp, I feel very 6.______ (please). Collecting stamps is 7.______ (relax) for me. I will keep this hobby 8.______ ever. 答案解析 1. his 解析：one's own 某人自己的，主语 everyone 对应 his 2. have collected 解析：so far（迄今为止），现在完成时 3. while 解析：并列对比，一些…… 而另一些…… 4. from 解析：learn...from... 从…… 中学到 5. for 解析：buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物 6. pleased 解析：修饰人，感到开心的，用 pleased 7. relaxing 解析：修饰事物 “集邮”，令人放松的，用 relaxing 8. for 解析：for ever 永远，固定短语 二、培优提升篇（5 篇拔高短文，侧重长难句、复合句、特殊语法、易错题） Passage 12（复合从句+时态综合） I still remember the day 1.______ I first came to this school. At that time, I was nervous 2.______ I knew no one here. A kind teacher came up to me and told me 3.______ (not worry). She said that everyone in the class 4.______ (be) friendly. Later, I made friends with Li Hua, 5.______ is my deskmate now. We often study and play together. Up to now, we 6.______ (spend) nearly two years together. I feel lucky 7.______ (have) such a good friend. I believe our friendship 8.______ (last) forever. 答案解析 1. when 解析：定语从句，先行词 the day 表时间，从句不缺主宾，用关系副词 when。 2. because 解析：原因状语从句，紧张是因为在这里不认识人。 3. not to worry 解析：tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要）做某事。 4. was 解析：主句谓语 said 为过去式，宾语从句时态随之变为一般过去时。 5. who 解析：非限制性定语从句，先行词 Li Hua 指人，从句作主语，用 who。 6. have spent 解析：up to now 迄今为止，现在完成时。 7. to have 解析：be/feel lucky to do sth. 有幸做某事。 8. will last 解析：结合 forever（永远），用一般将来时。 Passage 13（非谓语+被动语态+固定搭配难点） 1.______ (Walk) along the street yesterday, I saw an old man fall down. Many people stood there, not knowing 2.______ to do. I ran over immediately 3.______ (help) him. The old man’s leg 4.______ (hurt) badly. I called 5.______ ambulance right away. While we were waiting, I talked with him 6.______ (calm) to make him relaxed. Soon the doctors arrived and took him to hospital. Many people praised me 7.______ my kindness. I think everyone should do what they can 8.______ (help) people in need. 答案解析 1. Walking 解析：现在分词作时间 / 伴随状语，主语 I 与 walk 为主动关系。 2. what 解析：“疑问词 + 不定式” 作宾语，do 后缺宾语，用 what。 3. to help 解析：不定式作目的状语。 4. was hurt 解析：一般过去时被动语态，腿被弄伤。 5. an 解析：ambulance 元音音素开头，泛指一辆救护车，用 an。 6. calmly 解析：修饰动词 talked，用副词 calmly。 7. for 解析：praise sb. for sth. 因某事表扬某人。 8. to help 解析：do what they can (do) to help... 省略 do，不定式表目的。 Passage 14（倒装+情态动词+词性转换拔高） Only when you work hard 1.______ you get good grades. This is a rule 2.______ all students should keep in mind. Many students want 3.______ (achieve) success easily, but it is 4.______ (possible). Success requires patience and effort. You 5.______ never give up halfway. Every small progress you make 6.______ (lead) you closer to your goal. Besides, it is important 7.______ you to learn from your mistakes. Keep moving forward, 8.______ you will realize your dream in the end. 答案解析 1. can/will 解析：only + 状语从句置于句首，主句部分倒装，结合句意用 can/will。 2. that/which 解析：定语从句，先行词 rule 指物，从句缺宾语。 3. to achieve 解析：want to do sth. 想要做某事。 4. impossible 解析：形容词转换，结合语义 “轻易成功是不可能的”，加否定前缀 im-。 5. must/should 解析：情态动词，表建议 “绝对不要半途而废”。 6. leads 解析：主语 progress 为不可数名词，一般现在时谓语用单数。 7. for 解析：it's + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 固定句式。 8. and 解析：祈使句 + and + 将来时态陈述句，表顺承结果。 Passage 15（名词性从句+比较等级+主谓一致） 1.______ makes me happy is that my hometown has changed a lot. Ten years ago, it was 2.______ (quiet) than now. There were few tall buildings and roads. Now more trees and flowers 3.______ (plant) every year. The streets are clean and wide. People’s life is much 4.______ (good) than before. I wonder 5.______ my hometown will become in ten years. I hope 6.______ it will become more beautiful. Everyone living here 7.______ (love) our hometown and tries their best 8.______ make it better. 答案解析 1. What 解析：主语从句，从句缺主语，指代事物用 What。 2. quieter 解析：than 提示用形容词比较级，quiet 比较级 quieter。 3. are planted 解析：一般现在时被动语态，树木花草被种植。 4. better 解析：much 修饰比较级，good 比较级 better。 5. what 解析：宾语从句，become 后缺表语，用 what。 6. that 解析：宾语从句，句意成分完整，that 可省略。 7. loves 解析：主语 everyone 为不定代词，谓语动词用单数。 8. to 解析：try one's best to do sth. 竭尽全力做某事。 Passage 16（虚拟语气+状语从句综合，难点压轴） If I 1.______ (have) more free time this summer, I will travel to the countryside. The air there is fresher 2.______ that in the city. I plan 3.______ (stay) there for a week. I want to experience farm life, 4.______ I can learn how to grow vegetables. Even 5.______ the weather is hot, I will enjoy myself. My grandma lives there, 6.______ I will spend more time with her. I think this trip 7.______ (be) wonderful. It will not only relax my body 8.______ also refresh my mind. 答案解析 1. have 解析：if 引导真实条件状语从句，主将从现，从句一般现在时。 2. than 解析：比较级固定搭配，fresher than 比…… 更新鲜。 3. to stay 解析：plan to do sth. 计划做某事。 4. because 解析：原因状语从句，想去体验农家生活，因为可以学种菜。 5. though/if 解析：even though/even if 即使，引导让步状语从句。 6. so 解析：并列句，表因果：奶奶住在那里，所以我会多陪她。 7. will be 解析：结合语境，旅行还未发生，用一般将来时。 8. but 解析：not only...but also... 固定结构。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $