第06讲 Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind（语法、写作知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习讲义）新八年级英语新教材仁爱科普版

第06讲 Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind （语法、写作知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 语法1 否定前缀（non-/dis-/un-/mis-/in-/im-） 语法2 need 的用法 学习重点 单元写作以“Sound Body, Sound Mind”为话题，属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“健康生活与身心发展”这一主题群。单元核心聚焦“疾病与健康习惯、就医场景、积极心态与健康生活方式” 考点一 语法精讲 否定前缀（non-/dis-/un-/mis-/in-/im-） 1. 否定前缀（non-, dis-, un-, mis-, in-/im-/il-/ir-，完整分类） 核心定义：否定前缀是加在词首，用来改变单词词义（使其变为否定含义）的构词成分，无需改变单词的词性（多数情况下），是英语构词法中最常用的前缀类型，需分类记忆。 否定前缀 核心含义 适用规则/特殊说明 大量例词（含课文高频词） non- 非；不；无；不属于 1. 多构成正式用语； 2. 后接名词或形容词，不改变词性； 3. 常见于专业术语或正式表达 smoker（吸烟者）→ nonsmoker（非吸烟者）； stop（停止）→ nonstop（不间断的） dis- 不；相反；否定；除去 1. 接动词时，表“相反的动作”； 2. 接形容词/名词时，表“否定”； 3. 是最灵活的否定前缀之一 agree（同意）→ disagree（不同意）； like（喜欢）→ dislike（不喜欢）； appear（出现）→ disappear（消失）； honest（诚实的）→ dishonest（不诚实的）； advantage（优势）→ disadvantage（劣势）； cover（覆盖）→ discover（发现，除去覆盖→发现） un- 不；无；非；相反 1. 最常用的否定前缀，接形容词时表“否定”； 2. 接动词时表“相反的动作”； 3. 多数形容词的否定形式都可用un-构成 healthy（健康的）→ unhealthy（不健康的）； comfortable（舒适的）→ uncomfortable（不舒服的）； happy（快乐的）→ unhappy（不快乐的）； kind（善良的）→ unkind（不善良的）； usual（平常的）→ unusual（不平常的） mis- 错误；不当；误解 1. 接动词时，表“做某事出错”； 2. 接名词时，表“错误的……”； 3. 含义较为固定，均与“错误”相关 place（放置）→ misplace（放错地方）； understand（理解）→ misunderstand（误解）； spell（拼写）→ misspell（拼错）； take（拿）→ mistake（错误，误会，名词/动词） in-/im-/il-/ir- 不；无；非（同义前缀，根据词首字母变化） 1. in-：接非m/b/p/l/r开头的形容词； 2. im-：接m/b/p开头的形容词； 3. il-：接l开头的形容词； 4. ir-：接r开头的形容词； 5. 多构成正式形容词 ① in-：correct（正确的）→ incorrect（不正确的）； direct（直接的）→ indirect（间接的）； expensive（昂贵的）→ inexpensive（便宜的）； patient（耐心的）→ impatient（不耐烦的） ② im-：possible（可能的）→ impossible（不可能的）； polite（礼貌的）→ impolite（不礼貌的）； moral（道德的）→ immoral（不道德的）； balanced（平衡的）→ imbalanced（不平衡的） ③ il-：legal（合法的）→ illegal（非法的）； logical（合理的）→ illogical（不合理的）； ④ ir-：regular（规则的）→ irregular（不规则的）； responsible（负责任的）→ irresponsible（不负责任的） 【即练1】 1.It’s ________ (safe) to cross the road when the light is red. 2.He ________ (place) his keys and couldn’t find them this morning. 3.This answer is ________ (correct). Please write the right one. 4.Smoking is ________ (healthy) for your body. You should give it up. 5.She ________ (agree) with her parents about the weekend plan. 6.It’s ________ (possible) to finish this work in one hour. It’s too hard. 7.He is ________ (honest). He often tells lies to others. 8.The meeting is ________ (stop). We can have a rest for 10 minutes. 9.She ________ (understand) what I said. I need to explain it again. 10.This shirt is ________ (comfortable). I don’t want to wear it. 11.He is ________ (patient) with his students. He often gets angry with them. 12.She ________ (like) eating fish. She never eats it. 13.The news is ________ (usual). I have never heard of it before. 14.He is a ________ (smoker). He never smokes. need 的用法 核心定义：need既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，两者用法差异较大，但含义均与“需要”相关，是八年级必考知识点，需严格区分。 对比 情态动词 need 实义动词 need 词性 情态动词（无人称和数的变化） 实义动词（有人称和数的变化，三单形式为needs，过去式为needed） 基本结构 need + 动词原形（无需加to） 1.主语（人）+ need to + 动词原形； 2.主语（物）+ need + doing（= need to be done，表被动） 否定式 need not = needn’t + 动词原形（直接在need后加not，无需借助助动词） 1.一般现在时：don’t/doesn’t need to + 动词原形； 2.一般过去时：didn’t need to + 动词原形； 3.主语为物时：need not be done / doesn’t need doing 疑问式 Need + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（直接将need提前，无需借助助动词） 1.一般现在时：Do/Does + 主语 + need to + 动词原形 + 其他？ 2.一般过去时：Did + 主语 + need to + 动词原形 + 其他？ 回答方式 1 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + must.（注意：不用Yes, 主语 + need.）； ② 否定回答：No, 主语 + needn’t. / No, 主语 + don’t have to.（常用needn’t） 1.肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + do/does/did.； 2.否定回答：No, 主语 + don’t/doesn’t/didn’t. 适用句式 多用于否定句、疑问句，较少用于肯定句（肯定句中多改用must/have to） 肯定句、否定句、疑问句均可使用（使用范围更广） 常见搭配 无固定搭配，仅接动词原形 1.need sth.（需要某物，如：I need a pen.）； 2. need to do sth.（需要做某事，人作主语）；3. need doing sth.（需要被做某事，物作主语） 典型例句 1 否定句：You needn’t worry about me.（你不必担心我）； ② 疑问句：Need I finish the work today?（我今天必须完成这项工作吗？）； ③ 肯定句（少见）：You need come early tomorrow.（你明天需要早点来，多用You must come early tomorrow.） 1.人作主语（肯定句）：We need to take exercise every day.（我们需要每天锻炼）； 2.人作主语（否定句）：He doesn’t need to go now.（他现在不需要走）； 3.人作主语（疑问句）：Do you need to borrow my book?（你需要借我的书吗？）； 4.物作主语：The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned.（这个房间需要打扫） 【即练2】 用 need 的适当形式填空 1.You ________ (not) wait for me. I will come back late. 2.We ________ (finish) the work before Friday. It’s a deadline. 3.________ he ________ (see) a doctor? He looks very tired. 4.My sister ________ (not) go to school today. She has a fever. 5.— ________ I ________ (bring) an umbrella? — No, you ________. 6.The room ________ (clean). It’s very messy. 7.They ________ (take) exercise every day to keep healthy. 8.She ________ (not) tell him the secret. He can’t keep it. 9.________ you ________ (borrow) my book for a few days? 10.The bike ________ (repair). It’s broken. 11.He ________ (not) finish the homework today. He can finish it tomorrow. 12.We ________ (not) go there by bus. We can take the subway. 13.________ they ________ (attend) the meeting tomorrow? 14.The garden ________ (water). It’s very dry. 15.She ________ (learn) English well if she wants to go abroad. 16.You ________ (not) be afraid. I will be with you. 17.________ we ________ (prepare) for the exam in advance? 18.The car ________ (not) wash today. It’s not dirty. 19.He ________ (go) to the supermarket to buy some food. 20.They ________ (not) worry about the exam. They studied very hard. 【即练3】 句型转换（含否定句、一般疑问句、同义句转换） 1.They need to take some medicine.（改为否定句） 2.She needs to stay in bed for a week.（改为否定句） 3.We need to finish our homework today.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答） 4.He needs to see a doctor.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答） 5.The room needs cleaning.（改为同义句） 6.You needn’t worry about me.（改为同义句） 7.She doesn’t need to go now.（改为同义句，情态动词用法） 8.The bike needs to be repaired.（改为同义句） 9.Need I finish the work today?（改为同义句，实义动词用法） 10.They need to go to the park by bus.（对划线部分提问，划线：go to the park by bus） 11.She needs to stay at home because she is ill.（对划线部分提问，划线：because she is ill） 12.He needs to buy a new pen.（对划线部分提问，划线：a new pen） 13.We need to finish the work in three days.（对划线部分提问，划线：in three days） 14.My brother needs to go to school early.（对划线部分提问，划线：My brother） 15.The garden needs watering every day.（对划线部分提问，划线：every day） 【答案】 考点二 写作精讲 本单元以“Sound Body, Sound Mind”为话题，属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“健康生活与身心发展”这一主题群。单元核心聚焦“疾病与健康习惯、就医场景、积极心态与健康生活方式”，常见写作角度包括： 1.分享健康的饮食与运动习惯； 2.描述就医经历与健康建议； 3.阐述积极心态对身心健康的重要性。 好词好句 词汇亮点 necessary（必要的） enough（充足的） junk food（垃圾食品） follow these steps（遵循这些方法）。 好词佳句 佳句：A healthy lifestyle can make us strong and help us study better. 短语：live a healthy life、junk food、sleep enough、from now on 谚语 1.Health is better than wealth.（健康胜于财富。） 2.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.（一天一苹果，医生远离我。） 写作题目 健康的生活方式对学生的成长至关重要。请根据提示写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对健康生活的理解，介绍保持健康的方法。（80-100词） 提示： 1. 健康生活的重要性； 2. 饮食、运动、作息方面的具体方法； 3. 呼吁大家保持健康生活。 写作模板 第一段：点明健康生活的重要性 Healthy living is very important for us students. A healthy lifestyle can make us strong and help us study better. Here are some easy ways to live a healthy life. 第二段：介绍保持健康的方法 First, we need to eat well. We should have more vegetables and fruits, and never eat too much junk food like hamburgers. Second, doing exercise is necessary. I usually run for 30 minutes every morning. Third, we must sleep enough—going to bed before 10 p.m. is a good habit. 第三段：发出呼吁 If we follow these small steps, we can all live a healthy and happy life. Let’s start to keep healthy from now on! 范文 Healthy living is very important for us students. A healthy lifestyle can make us strong and help us study better. Here are some easy ways to live a healthy life. First, we need to eat well. We should have more vegetables and fruits, and never eat too much junk food like hamburgers. Second, doing exercise is necessary. I usually run for 30 minutes every morning. Third, we must sleep enough—going to bed before 10 p.m. is a good habit. If we follow these small steps, we can all live a healthy and happy life. Let’s start to keep healthy from now on! 健康生活对我们学生来说非常重要。健康的生活方式能让我们身体强壮，还能帮助我们更好地学习。这里有一些简单的健康生活方法。 首先，我们要吃得健康。我们应该多吃蔬菜和水果，绝不吃太多像汉堡这样的垃圾食品。其次，做运动是必须的，我通常每天早上跑30分钟。第三，我们必须保证充足睡眠，晚上10点前睡觉是个好习惯。 如果我们遵循这些小方法，就能过上健康快乐的生活。让我们从现在开始保持健康吧！ 一．语法训练 A.用所给词的否定形式填空（选用non-/dis-/un-/mis-/in-/im-） 1.It’s (healthy) to stay up late every night. 2.My father (agree) to let me go out with friends last night. 3.Lisa is a (swimmer) because she is afraid of water. 4.I (understand) what he said, so I asked him to repeat it. 5.It’s (possible) for a bird to swim like a fish. 6.She felt (comfortable) after sitting on the hard chair for hours. 7.My little sister (like) bitter food such as coffee. 8.He (place) his keys yesterday and couldn’t find them until this morning. 9.It’s (correct) to copy others’ homework in the exam. 10.The little boy is (patient) and can’t wait for the cake. 11.It’s (polite) to talk with your mouth full of food. 12.Wearing slippers to school is (proper) for students. 二．根据句意写出含否定前缀的单词 1.My grandma always (放错) her glasses and asks me to find them. 2.It’s (不合适的) to laugh loudly in the hospital. 3.We took a (不停的) train from Beijing to Shanghai last week. 4.She has a (不喜欢) of getting up early on weekends. 5.My cousin is an (不活跃的) kid who only likes playing computer games. 6.It’s (无意义的) to spend too much time on phone games. 7.He was (不开心的) because he failed the English test. 8.You made a (错误的) choice when you gave up the competition. 9.It’s (不礼貌的) to interrupt others when they are talking. 10.It’s (不可能的) to finish reading this thick book in one day. C阅读理解填词（用否定前缀单词完成短文） Keeping healthy needs good habits. If you have 1 (proper) habits, you will easily get sick. For example, eating junk food makes you feel 2 (comfortable) and 3 (healthy). Some people are 4 (patient) when waiting for the bus, and they often 5 (understand) the bus rules. It’s 6 (possible) to keep fit with these bad habits. Also, a 7 (smoker) usually lives longer than a smoker. And it’s 8 (polite) to throw rubbish everywhere in public. Let’s keep good habits and stay healthy together. 二．写作训练 1．近期你校准备组织一个以“健康”为主题的征文比赛。请你以 “How to Keep Healthy” 为题，根据以下提示信息写一篇英语作文向你校 English Weekly 报社投稿。词数80左右。 注意： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥，开头和结尾已给出，不 计入总词数； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。 How to Keep Healthy It’s very important for us to stay healthy. Here are some good ways to help us keep healthy. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．健康是一切的基础。作为中学生，我们不仅要保持身体健康，也要关注心理健康。请以“How to Live a Healthy Life”为话题，根据以下思维导图写一篇英语短文，谈谈我们应该如何保持健康。 注意： （1）短文必须包括所有要点和图示中的提示信息，可适当发挥； （2）80词左右； （3）文中不得出现人名和校名等个人真实信息。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．假如你是李华，你们学校英语社团将举行“健康生活”主题演讲比赛。请你根据下面表格的提示，以“Let’s Change Our Unhealthy Lifestyles”为题，准备一篇60词左右的英文演讲稿参加比赛。 Let’s Change Our Unhealthy Lifestyles unhealthy lifestyles advice stay up late need to/should... exercise little need to/should... eat junk food need to/should... 注意：1. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 2. 内容包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。 3. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范。 Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. As we all know, good living habits make a healthy body, but ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Let’s start changing our unhealthy lifestyles. 4．假如你是Tom，你校校报英语专栏正在以“How to Stay Healthy”为题举办征文活动。请根据以下提示，写一篇短文投稿。 Physical Health (身体健康) 1．Diet (饮食): eat more vegetables and fruits, drink enough water... 2．Exercise: run or jog in the morning, play ball games... 3．Daily routine (作息): take a nap at noon, get enough sleep... Mental Health (心理健康) 1．Talk to parents/teachers; 2．Share feelings with friends; 3．Join group activities. 要求： 1．语句通顺，表达完整，意思连贯； 2．身体和心理健康各选择2项进行描述（身体健康包括Diet、Exercise、Daily routine 3项）可适当增加细节信息； 3．书写工整，80-90词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 How to Stay Healthy Do you know how to keep healthy? You can achieve this through the following ways. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．我校校报准备创办一个以“全民健康，快乐为本”为题的专栏，请你根据以下内容，用英语写一篇题为“How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life”的文章参加征稿活动。 How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life 身体健康 1. 健康饮食 2. 适当锻炼 3. 充足睡眠 心理健康(mental health) 1. 遇事不逃避、积极解决问题…… 2. 与人为善…… 希望…… 要求： 1）文中不要出现所在学校的校名和师生姓名； 2）词数80—100词。 How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．学校英语角开展以“健康饮食”为主题的演讲比赛，假如你是李华，请你以“A Healthy Diet”为题写一份英语演讲稿。要求：参照下表，阐述健康饮食的重要性，列举不良饮食习惯及危害，并给出合理的建议。 A Healthy Diet 健康饮食的重要性 1. 提供能量 2. 强壮身体 不良饮食习惯及危害 1. 甜食：对牙齿有害 2. 油炸食品 (fried food): 使身体变胖 合理的建议 1. 按时吃饭 2. 多吃水果、蔬菜 3. …… (补充2点) 注意: 1. 词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 可适当发挥，使短文连贯通顺； 3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。 A Healthy Diet Dear classmates, I’m Li Hua. I’m glad to be here to give a speech. My topic is “A Healthy Diet”. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all for my speech. Thank you for listening! 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第06讲 Unit 3 Sound Body, Sound Mind （语法、写作知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 语法1 否定前缀（non-/dis-/un-/mis-/in-/im-） 语法2 need 的用法 学习重点 单元写作以“Sound Body, Sound Mind”为话题，属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“健康生活与身心发展”这一主题群。单元核心聚焦“疾病与健康习惯、就医场景、积极心态与健康生活方式” 考点一 语法精讲 否定前缀（non-/dis-/un-/mis-/in-/im-） 1. 否定前缀（non-, dis-, un-, mis-, in-/im-/il-/ir-，完整分类） 核心定义：否定前缀是加在词首，用来改变单词词义（使其变为否定含义）的构词成分，无需改变单词的词性（多数情况下），是英语构词法中最常用的前缀类型，需分类记忆。 否定前缀 核心含义 适用规则/特殊说明 大量例词（含课文高频词） non- 非；不；无；不属于 1. 多构成正式用语； 2. 后接名词或形容词，不改变词性； 3. 常见于专业术语或正式表达 smoker（吸烟者）→ nonsmoker（非吸烟者）； stop（停止）→ nonstop（不间断的） dis- 不；相反；否定；除去 1. 接动词时，表“相反的动作”； 2. 接形容词/名词时，表“否定”； 3. 是最灵活的否定前缀之一 agree（同意）→ disagree（不同意）； like（喜欢）→ dislike（不喜欢）； appear（出现）→ disappear（消失）； honest（诚实的）→ dishonest（不诚实的）； advantage（优势）→ disadvantage（劣势）； cover（覆盖）→ discover（发现，除去覆盖→发现） un- 不；无；非；相反 1. 最常用的否定前缀，接形容词时表“否定”； 2. 接动词时表“相反的动作”； 3. 多数形容词的否定形式都可用un-构成 healthy（健康的）→ unhealthy（不健康的）； comfortable（舒适的）→ uncomfortable（不舒服的）； happy（快乐的）→ unhappy（不快乐的）； kind（善良的）→ unkind（不善良的）； usual（平常的）→ unusual（不平常的） mis- 错误；不当；误解 1. 接动词时，表“做某事出错”； 2. 接名词时，表“错误的……”； 3. 含义较为固定，均与“错误”相关 place（放置）→ misplace（放错地方）； understand（理解）→ misunderstand（误解）； spell（拼写）→ misspell（拼错）； take（拿）→ mistake（错误，误会，名词/动词） in-/im-/il-/ir- 不；无；非（同义前缀，根据词首字母变化） 1. in-：接非m/b/p/l/r开头的形容词； 2. im-：接m/b/p开头的形容词； 3. il-：接l开头的形容词； 4. ir-：接r开头的形容词； 5. 多构成正式形容词 ① in-：correct（正确的）→ incorrect（不正确的）； direct（直接的）→ indirect（间接的）； expensive（昂贵的）→ inexpensive（便宜的）； patient（耐心的）→ impatient（不耐烦的） ② im-：possible（可能的）→ impossible（不可能的）； polite（礼貌的）→ impolite（不礼貌的）； moral（道德的）→ immoral（不道德的）； balanced（平衡的）→ imbalanced（不平衡的） ③ il-：legal（合法的）→ illegal（非法的）； logical（合理的）→ illogical（不合理的）； ④ ir-：regular（规则的）→ irregular（不规则的）； responsible（负责任的）→ irresponsible（不负责任的） 【即练1】 1.It’s ________ (safe) to cross the road when the light is red. 2.He ________ (place) his keys and couldn’t find them this morning. 3.This answer is ________ (correct). Please write the right one. 4.Smoking is ________ (healthy) for your body. You should give it up. 5.She ________ (agree) with her parents about the weekend plan. 6.It’s ________ (possible) to finish this work in one hour. It’s too hard. 7.He is ________ (honest). He often tells lies to others. 8.The meeting is ________ (stop). We can have a rest for 10 minutes. 9.She ________ (understand) what I said. I need to explain it again. 10.This shirt is ________ (comfortable). I don’t want to wear it. 11.He is ________ (patient) with his students. He often gets angry with them. 12.She ________ (like) eating fish. She never eats it. 13.The news is ________ (usual). I have never heard of it before. 14.He is a ________ (smoker). He never smokes. 【答案】 1. unsafe2. misplaced 3. incorrect4. unhealthy5. disagreed 6. impossible7. dishonest8. nonstop9. misunderstood 10. uncomfortable11. impatient12. dislikes13. unusual14. nonsmoker  need 的用法 核心定义：need既可以作情态动词，也可以作实义动词，两者用法差异较大，但含义均与“需要”相关，是八年级必考知识点，需严格区分。 对比 情态动词 need 实义动词 need 词性 情态动词（无人称和数的变化） 实义动词（有人称和数的变化，三单形式为needs，过去式为needed） 基本结构 need + 动词原形（无需加to） 1.主语（人）+ need to + 动词原形； 2.主语（物）+ need + doing（= need to be done，表被动） 否定式 need not = needn’t + 动词原形（直接在need后加not，无需借助助动词） 1.一般现在时：don’t/doesn’t need to + 动词原形； 2.一般过去时：didn’t need to + 动词原形； 3.主语为物时：need not be done / doesn’t need doing 疑问式 Need + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他？（直接将need提前，无需借助助动词） 1.一般现在时：Do/Does + 主语 + need to + 动词原形 + 其他？ 2.一般过去时：Did + 主语 + need to + 动词原形 + 其他？ 回答方式 1 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + must.（注意：不用Yes, 主语 + need.）； ② 否定回答：No, 主语 + needn’t. / No, 主语 + don’t have to.（常用needn’t） 1.肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + do/does/did.； 2.否定回答：No, 主语 + don’t/doesn’t/didn’t. 适用句式 多用于否定句、疑问句，较少用于肯定句（肯定句中多改用must/have to） 肯定句、否定句、疑问句均可使用（使用范围更广） 常见搭配 无固定搭配，仅接动词原形 1.need sth.（需要某物，如：I need a pen.）； 2. need to do sth.（需要做某事，人作主语）；3. need doing sth.（需要被做某事，物作主语） 典型例句 1 否定句：You needn’t worry about me.（你不必担心我）； ② 疑问句：Need I finish the work today?（我今天必须完成这项工作吗？）； ③ 肯定句（少见）：You need come early tomorrow.（你明天需要早点来，多用You must come early tomorrow.） 1.人作主语（肯定句）：We need to take exercise every day.（我们需要每天锻炼）； 2.人作主语（否定句）：He doesn’t need to go now.（他现在不需要走）； 3.人作主语（疑问句）：Do you need to borrow my book?（你需要借我的书吗？）； 4.物作主语：The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned.（这个房间需要打扫） 【即练2】 用 need 的适当形式填空 1.You ________ (not) wait for me. I will come back late. 2.We ________ (finish) the work before Friday. It’s a deadline. 3.________ he ________ (see) a doctor? He looks very tired. 4.My sister ________ (not) go to school today. She has a fever. 5.— ________ I ________ (bring) an umbrella? — No, you ________. 6.The room ________ (clean). It’s very messy. 7.They ________ (take) exercise every day to keep healthy. 8.She ________ (not) tell him the secret. He can’t keep it. 9.________ you ________ (borrow) my book for a few days? 10.The bike ________ (repair). It’s broken. 11.He ________ (not) finish the homework today. He can finish it tomorrow. 12.We ________ (not) go there by bus. We can take the subway. 13.________ they ________ (attend) the meeting tomorrow? 14.The garden ________ (water). It’s very dry. 15.She ________ (learn) English well if she wants to go abroad. 16.You ________ (not) be afraid. I will be with you. 17.________ we ________ (prepare) for the exam in advance? 18.The car ________ (not) wash today. It’s not dirty. 19.He ________ (go) to the supermarket to buy some food. 20.They ________ (not) worry about the exam. They studied very hard. 【答案】 1. needn't 2. need to finish3. Does; need to see 4. doesn't need to5. Need; bring; needn't6. needs cleaning / needs to be cleaned7. need to take8. needn't9. Do; need to borrow10. needs repairing / needs to be repaired 11. doesn't need to 12. don't need to 13. Do; need to attend14. needs watering / needs to be watered15. needs to learn16. needn't  17. Do; need to prepare18. doesn't need to be washed / needn't be washed 19. needs to go 20. needn't  【即练3】 句型转换（含否定句、一般疑问句、同义句转换） 1.They need to take some medicine.（改为否定句） 2.She needs to stay in bed for a week.（改为否定句） 3.We need to finish our homework today.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答） 4.He needs to see a doctor.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定、否定回答） 5.The room needs cleaning.（改为同义句） 6.You needn’t worry about me.（改为同义句） 7.She doesn’t need to go now.（改为同义句，情态动词用法） 8.The bike needs to be repaired.（改为同义句） 9.Need I finish the work today?（改为同义句，实义动词用法） 10.They need to go to the park by bus.（对划线部分提问，划线：go to the park by bus） 11.She needs to stay at home because she is ill.（对划线部分提问，划线：because she is ill） 12.He needs to buy a new pen.（对划线部分提问，划线：a new pen） 13.We need to finish the work in three days.（对划线部分提问，划线：in three days） 14.My brother needs to go to school early.（对划线部分提问，划线：My brother） 15.The garden needs watering every day.（对划线部分提问，划线：every day） 【答案】 1. 否定句：They don't need to take any medicine. 2. 否定句：She doesn't need to stay in bed for a week. 3. 一般疑问句及回答：— Do you need to finish your homework today?— Yes, we do. / No, we don't. 4. 一般疑问句及回答：— Does he need to see a doctor?— Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. 5. 同义句：The room needs to be cleaned. 6. 同义句：You don't have to worry about me. 7. 同义句：She needn't go now. 8. 同义句：The bike needs cleaning. 9. 同义句：Do I need to finish the work today? 10. 对划线部分提问（go to the park by bus）：What do they need to do? 11. 对划线部分提问（because she is ill）：Why does she need to stay at home? 12. 对划线部分提问（a new pen）：What does he need to buy? 13. 对划线部分提问（in three days）：How soon do we need to finish the work? 14. 对划线部分提问（My brother）：Who needs to go to school early? 15. 对划线部分提问（every day）：How often does the garden need watering? 考点二 写作精讲 本单元以“Sound Body, Sound Mind”为话题，属于“人与自我”主题范畴中“健康生活与身心发展”这一主题群。单元核心聚焦“疾病与健康习惯、就医场景、积极心态与健康生活方式”，常见写作角度包括： 1.分享健康的饮食与运动习惯； 2.描述就医经历与健康建议； 3.阐述积极心态对身心健康的重要性。 好词好句 词汇亮点 necessary（必要的） enough（充足的） junk food（垃圾食品） follow these steps（遵循这些方法）。 好词佳句 佳句：A healthy lifestyle can make us strong and help us study better. 短语：live a healthy life、junk food、sleep enough、from now on 谚语 1.Health is better than wealth.（健康胜于财富。） 2.An apple a day keeps the doctor away.（一天一苹果，医生远离我。） 写作题目 健康的生活方式对学生的成长至关重要。请根据提示写一篇英语短文，谈谈你对健康生活的理解，介绍保持健康的方法。（80-100词） 提示： 1. 健康生活的重要性； 2. 饮食、运动、作息方面的具体方法； 3. 呼吁大家保持健康生活。 写作模板 第一段：点明健康生活的重要性 Healthy living is very important for us students. A healthy lifestyle can make us strong and help us study better. Here are some easy ways to live a healthy life. 第二段：介绍保持健康的方法 First, we need to eat well. We should have more vegetables and fruits, and never eat too much junk food like hamburgers. Second, doing exercise is necessary. I usually run for 30 minutes every morning. Third, we must sleep enough—going to bed before 10 p.m. is a good habit. 第三段：发出呼吁 If we follow these small steps, we can all live a healthy and happy life. Let’s start to keep healthy from now on! 范文 Healthy living is very important for us students. A healthy lifestyle can make us strong and help us study better. Here are some easy ways to live a healthy life. First, we need to eat well. We should have more vegetables and fruits, and never eat too much junk food like hamburgers. Second, doing exercise is necessary. I usually run for 30 minutes every morning. Third, we must sleep enough—going to bed before 10 p.m. is a good habit. If we follow these small steps, we can all live a healthy and happy life. Let’s start to keep healthy from now on! 健康生活对我们学生来说非常重要。健康的生活方式能让我们身体强壮，还能帮助我们更好地学习。这里有一些简单的健康生活方法。 首先，我们要吃得健康。我们应该多吃蔬菜和水果，绝不吃太多像汉堡这样的垃圾食品。其次，做运动是必须的，我通常每天早上跑30分钟。第三，我们必须保证充足睡眠，晚上10点前睡觉是个好习惯。 如果我们遵循这些小方法，就能过上健康快乐的生活。让我们从现在开始保持健康吧！ 一．语法训练 A.用所给词的否定形式填空（选用non-/dis-/un-/mis-/in-/im-） 1.It’s (healthy) to stay up late every night. 2.My father (agree) to let me go out with friends last night. 3.Lisa is a (swimmer) because she is afraid of water. 4.I (understand) what he said, so I asked him to repeat it. 5.It’s (possible) for a bird to swim like a fish. 6.She felt (comfortable) after sitting on the hard chair for hours. 7.My little sister (like) bitter food such as coffee. 8.He (place) his keys yesterday and couldn’t find them until this morning. 9.It’s (correct) to copy others’ homework in the exam. 10.The little boy is (patient) and can’t wait for the cake. 11.It’s (polite) to talk with your mouth full of food. 12.Wearing slippers to school is (proper) for students. 【答案】1.unhealthy 2.disagreed 3.non-swimmer 4.misunderstood 5.impossible 6.uncomfortable 7.dislikes 8.misplaced9.incorrect 10.impatient 11.impolite 12.improper 二．根据句意写出含否定前缀的单词 1.My grandma always (放错) her glasses and asks me to find them. 2.It’s (不合适的) to laugh loudly in the hospital. 3.We took a (不停的) train from Beijing to Shanghai last week. 4.She has a (不喜欢) of getting up early on weekends. 5.My cousin is an (不活跃的) kid who only likes playing computer games. 6.It’s (无意义的) to spend too much time on phone games. 7.He was (不开心的) because he failed the English test. 8.You made a (错误的) choice when you gave up the competition. 9.It’s (不礼貌的) to interrupt others when they are talking. 10.It’s (不可能的) to finish reading this thick book in one day. 【答案1.misplaces2.improper3.nonstop4.dislike5.inactive6.nonsense7.unhappy8.mistaken9.impolite10.impossible C阅读理解填词（用否定前缀单词完成短文） Keeping healthy needs good habits. If you have 1 (proper) habits, you will easily get sick. For example, eating junk food makes you feel 2 (comfortable) and 3 (healthy). Some people are 4 (patient) when waiting for the bus, and they often 5 (understand) the bus rules. It’s 6 (possible) to keep fit with these bad habits. Also, a 7 (smoker) usually lives longer than a smoker. And it’s 8 (polite) to throw rubbish everywhere in public. Let’s keep good habits and stay healthy together. 【答案】1.improper2.uncomfortable3.unhealthy4.impatient5.misunderstand6.impossible7.non-smoker8.impolite 二．写作训练 1．近期你校准备组织一个以“健康”为主题的征文比赛。请你以 “How to Keep Healthy” 为题，根据以下提示信息写一篇英语作文向你校 English Weekly 报社投稿。词数80左右。 注意： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥，开头和结尾已给出，不 计入总词数； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。 How to Keep Healthy It’s very important for us to stay healthy. Here are some good ways to help us keep healthy. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文： How to Keep Healthy It’s very important for us to stay healthy. Here are some good ways to help us keep healthy. First of all, we should eat healthily. We should eat enough fruit and vegetables. And remember not to have too much sugar. Second, do exercise every day. Or you can have some activities during breaks. Third, we shouldn’t stay up late. Enough sleep hours make our day. Last but not least, when we meet difficulties, we should try to ask others for help. Everyone should learn how to keep healthy from now on in order to have a healthy life. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：材料作文，用一般现在时 明确要点：饮食习惯、锻炼习惯、睡眠习惯和心理调整 确定人称：第一人称 注意事项：80词左右，不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，引出话题 主体段：分别从饮食、锻炼、睡眠和心理调整四个方面提出保持健康的具体建议 结尾段：总结全文，表达对拥有健康生活的期望。 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：饮食习惯 建议做：eat healthily/eat enough fruit and vegetables/drink more water等 建议不要做：not to have too much sugar/bad for our health/make us fat/don’t eat junk food等 要点二：锻炼习惯 锻炼内容：do exercise/jogging/swimming等 锻炼时间：every day/during breaks等 要点三：睡眠习惯 具体内容：shouldn’t stay up late/Enough sleep hours/have a nap等 要点四：心理调整 具体内容：ask others for help/talk with friends等 2．健康是一切的基础。作为中学生，我们不仅要保持身体健康，也要关注心理健康。请以“How to Live a Healthy Life”为话题，根据以下思维导图写一篇英语短文，谈谈我们应该如何保持健康。 注意： （1）短文必须包括所有要点和图示中的提示信息，可适当发挥； （2）80词左右； （3）文中不得出现人名和校名等个人真实信息。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文 How to Live a Healthy Life Health is important for us students. To live a healthy life, we should care about both physical and mental health. For physical health, we should do exercise regularly, like running or playing basketball. It’s also important to develop healthy eating habits, such as eating more vegetables and less junk food. For mental health, keep positive and share our problems with parents or friends when we feel upset. If we keep these habits, we can live a happy and healthy life. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文（建议类短文），以一般现在时为主 明确要点：从身体健康（规律运动、健康饮食）和心理健康（保持积极心态、分享问题）两方面，介绍保持健康的做法 确定人称：第一人称（we/our） 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称，词数控制在80词左右 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，点明健康的重要性，引出主题 主体段：分两部分，分别介绍保持身体健康和心理健康的具体做法 结尾段：点明健康生活的意义 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：Physical health（身体健康） 核心动作：do exercise regularly, take exercise every day, play sports, run for 30 minutes 饮食习惯：develop healthy eating habits, eat more vegetables and less junk food, eat more fruit and vegetables, cut down on junk food, have three meals on time 补充细节：sleep early and get up early, drink enough water 要点二：Mental health（心理健康） 心态调整：keep positive, stay happy, keep a good mood, be optimistic 情绪处理：share problems with others, talk to parents or friends, ask for help when in trouble, relax by listening to music 补充细节：don’t be too hard on yourself, learn to manage stress 3．假如你是李华，你们学校英语社团将举行“健康生活”主题演讲比赛。请你根据下面表格的提示，以“Let’s Change Our Unhealthy Lifestyles”为题，准备一篇60词左右的英文演讲稿参加比赛。 Let’s Change Our Unhealthy Lifestyles unhealthy lifestyles advice stay up late need to/should... exercise little need to/should... eat junk food need to/should... 注意：1. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。 2. 内容包括所有提示内容，可适当发挥。 3. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范。 Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. As we all know, good living habits make a healthy body, but ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Let’s start changing our unhealthy lifestyles. 【答案】例文：   Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. As we all know, good living habits make a healthy body, but many of us have unhealthy lifestyles. Some stay up late using their phones, some exercise little, and others eat too much junk food.   We should go to bed early to get enough sleep. It’s necessary to exercise for 30 minutes every day, like running or walking. Also, we need to eat more fruits and vegetables instead of junk food.   Let’s start changing our unhealthy lifestyles. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为演讲稿； ②时态：主要为 “一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点要围绕不健康生活方式及正确做法展开，需紧扣主题，清晰罗列问题并给出对应建议，注意语言简洁明了。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇引出主题，指出健康生活习惯的重要性并列举身边的不健康生活方式； 第二步，具体给出养成健康生活习惯的几点具体建议； 第三步，发出倡议，呼吁大家改变不健康的生活方式。 [亮点词汇] ①living habits生活习惯 ②stay up late熬夜 ③junk food垃圾食品 ④enough sleep充足的睡眠 ⑤instead of而不是 [高分句型] ①As we all know, good living habits make a healthy body, but many of us have unhealthy lifestyles.（but连接的并列句） ②It’s necessary to exercise for 30 minutes every day, like running or walking.（It作形式主语） 4．假如你是Tom，你校校报英语专栏正在以“How to Stay Healthy”为题举办征文活动。请根据以下提示，写一篇短文投稿。 Physical Health (身体健康) 1．Diet (饮食): eat more vegetables and fruits, drink enough water... 2．Exercise: run or jog in the morning, play ball games... 3．Daily routine (作息): take a nap at noon, get enough sleep... Mental Health (心理健康) 1．Talk to parents/teachers; 2．Share feelings with friends; 3．Join group activities. 要求： 1．语句通顺，表达完整，意思连贯； 2．身体和心理健康各选择2项进行描述（身体健康包括Diet、Exercise、Daily routine 3项）可适当增加细节信息； 3．书写工整，80-90词，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 How to Stay Healthy Do you know how to keep healthy? You can achieve this through the following ways. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文： How to Stay Healthy Do you know how to keep healthy? You can achieve this through the following ways.   For physical health, we should eat more vegetables and fruits and drink enough water every day. A healthy diet gives us energy. Also, we need to do exercise. Running or jogging in the morning is a good choice. It makes us strong. For mental health, we can talk to our parents or teachers when we feel worried. Sharing feelings with friends also helps. When we let out our feelings, we feel lighter and happier.   Let’s take action from now on and stay healthy together! 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文/健康建议类文章，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：身体健康（饮食、运动、作息中选择两项）、心理健康（沟通倾诉、分享感受、集体活动中选择两项） 确定人称：第一人称复数（we/us）为主 注意事项：不得透露真实姓名和学校名称，需从身体健康三方面中选择两项进行描述 [第二步：构思布局] 四段式结构： 开头段：引出健康话题 主体段一：介绍保持身体健康的做法（饮食+运动，或饮食+作息等） 主体段二：介绍保持心理健康的做法（与父母老师沟通+与朋友分享感受等） 结尾段：总结呼吁 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：身体健康—饮食 具体做法：eat more vegetables and fruits/drink enough water/have a balanced diet/eat less junk food等 作用效果：gives us energy/keeps us healthy/makes us strong等 要点二：身体健康—运动 具体做法：run or jog in the morning/play ball games/take a walk/swim等 作用效果：makes us strong/keeps us fit/helps us relax等 要点三：心理健康—沟通倾诉 具体做法：talk to parents or teachers/share feelings with friends/tell someone how we feel等 作用效果：feel better/get help/not alone/solve problems等 要点四：心理健康—集体活动 具体做法：join group activities/take part in team sports/join clubs等 作用效果：make friends/feel connected/learn to work together等 要点五：总结呼吁 号召表达：Let’s take action/stay healthy/start from today等 综合意义：healthy body and mind/both are important/live a happy life等 5．我校校报准备创办一个以“全民健康，快乐为本”为题的专栏，请你根据以下内容，用英语写一篇题为“How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life”的文章参加征稿活动。 How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life 身体健康 1. 健康饮食 2. 适当锻炼 3. 充足睡眠 心理健康(mental health) 1. 遇事不逃避、积极解决问题…… 2. 与人为善…… 希望…… 要求： 1）文中不要出现所在学校的校名和师生姓名； 2）词数80—100词。 How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文 How to Live a Healthy and Happy Life A healthy and happy life is important. Then how can we students live a healthy and happy life? First, we should keep our bodies healthy. We need to eat healthy food, have enough sleep and exercise every day. Second, mental health is important. We need to love our life and be positive in solving problems. We shouldn’t run away from problems. What’s more, we need to get along well with others. In a word, I hope everyone can have a healthy body and mind, and then we can enjoy a better life every day. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：材料作文； ②时态：一般现在时； ③提示：根据表格内容，从身体健康和心理健康两方面提出建议，并表达希望。 [写作步骤] 第一步：开篇首先肯定健康快乐生活的重要性，随即通过一个设问句自然引出下文的具体建议； 第二步：结合表格内容，从身体健康与心理健康两方面分别给出建议； 第三步：总结全文，呼应主题，表达积极愿望。 [亮点词汇] ①be positive in doing sth.积极地做某事 ②run away from逃避 ③in a word总而言之 [高分句型] ①We need to love our life and be positive in solving problems.​（运用了and连接两个并列的动词不定式短语） ②In a word, I hope everyone can have a healthy body and mind, and then we can enjoy a better life every day.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 6．学校英语角开展以“健康饮食”为主题的演讲比赛，假如你是李华，请你以“A Healthy Diet”为题写一份英语演讲稿。要求：参照下表，阐述健康饮食的重要性，列举不良饮食习惯及危害，并给出合理的建议。 A Healthy Diet 健康饮食的重要性 1. 提供能量 2. 强壮身体 不良饮食习惯及危害 1. 甜食：对牙齿有害 2. 油炸食品 (fried food): 使身体变胖 合理的建议 1. 按时吃饭 2. 多吃水果、蔬菜 3. …… (补充2点) 注意: 1. 词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 可适当发挥，使短文连贯通顺； 3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名和地名。 A Healthy Diet Dear classmates, I’m Li Hua. I’m glad to be here to give a speech. My topic is “A Healthy Diet”. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all for my speech. Thank you for listening! 【答案】例文 A Healthy Diet Dear classmates, I’m Li Hua. I’m glad to be here to give a speech. My topic is “A Healthy Diet”. A healthy diet provides us with enough energy for study and life. It also helps make our bodies strong and healthy. However, many students love eating sweet food, which is bad for their teeth. And fried food is popular too, but it can make us fat easily. First, we should eat regularly. Second, eat more fruits and vegetables, which are rich in vitamins. Third, drink more milk and water instead of sugary drinks. Lastly, control the amount of food we eat and avoid overeating. That’s all for my speech. Thank you for listening! 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ②时态：本文应使用“一般现在时”为主； ③提示：应注意题干给出的要点并适当补充，使文章内容充实。 [写作步骤] 第一步，借用文章已给开头，介绍健康饮食的重要性； 第二步，根据题干的要点，介绍不良饮食习惯及危害，给出合理的建议； 第三步，感谢聆听并收尾。 [亮点词汇] ①rich in富含 ②regularly有规律地 [高分句型] ①However, many students love eating sweet food, which is bad for their teeth.（非限制性定语从句） ②Third, drink more milk and water instead of sugary drinks.（祈使句） 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $